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Yang M, Liu J, Li J, Wen S, Hu Y, Lu W, Liu J, Huang P, Liu P. The rheumatoid arthritis drug auranofin exerts potent anti-lymphoma effect by stimulating TXNRD-mediated ROS generation and inhibition of energy metabolism. Redox Biol 2024; 75:103245. [PMID: 38909408 PMCID: PMC11254835 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the survival of lymphoma patients who experience disease progression or relapse remains very poor, new therapeutic approaches and effective drugs are urgently needed. Here we show that auranofin (AF), an anti-rheumatoid drug thought to inhibit thioredoxin reductases (TXNRDs) as its mechanism of action, exhibited potent activity against multiple cancer types, especially effective against B cell lymphoma. Surprisingly, a knockdown of TXNRD1 and TXNRD2 did not cause significant cytotoxicity, suggesting that abrogation of TXNRD enzyme per se was insufficient to cause cancer cell death. Further mechanistic study showed that the interaction of AF with TXNRD could convert this antioxidant enzyme to a ROS-generating molecule via disrupting its electron transport, leading to a leak of electrons that interact with molecular oxygen to form superoxide. AF also suppressed energy metabolism by inhibiting both mitochondria complex II and the glycolytic enzyme GAPDH, leading to a significant depletion of ATP and inhibition of cancer growth in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, we found that the AF-mediated ROS stress could induce PD-L1 expression, revealing an unwanted effect of AF in causing immune suppression. We further showed that a combination of AF with anti-PD-1 antibody could enhance the anticancer activity in a syngeneic immune-competent mouse B-cell lymphoma model. Our study suggests that AF could be a potential drug for lymphoma treatment, and its combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors would be a logical strategy to increase the therapeutic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Yang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianan Li
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shijun Wen
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yumin Hu
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhua Lu
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinyun Liu
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Metabolic Innovation Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Platform of Metabolomics Center for Precision Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Peng Huang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Metabolic Innovation Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Platform of Metabolomics Center for Precision Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Panpan Liu
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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2
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Naik HN, Kanjariya D, Parveen S, Ahmed I, Meena A, Patel H, Meena R, Jauhari S. LC-MS profiling, in vitro and in silico C-ABL kinase inhibitory approach to identify potential anticancer agents from Dalbergia sissoo leaves. Sci Rep 2024; 14:73. [PMID: 38167560 PMCID: PMC10761914 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49995-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Belonging to the Fabaceae family, Dalbergia sissoo, a versatile plant, has gained prominence for its potent medicinal attributes, especially antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective properties, as well as the use of its leaf juice in cancer treatment. Despite these recognized applications by natives and tribals, comprehensive insight into its biological activities and chemical composition remains limited. This study aimed to explore the cytotoxic potential of sequentially extracted leaf extracts from Dalbergia sissoo using various solvents, aiming to unveil the array of phytochemicals through LC-MS profiling. Among the extracts evaluated, the extract employing methanol:water extracting media (HN-2) appeared with the most remarkable results in both phytochemical diversity and biological activity. Furthermore, in vitro results of HN-2's in vitro anticancer efficacy were confirmed through in silico molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. These analyses demonstrated its ability to inhibit C-ABL kinase within leukemia K562 cells, directing that Dalbergia sissoo leaves serve as a bioactive agent reservoir. Consequently, this suggests that the Dalbergia sissoo plant is a potential source of bioactive compounds that can be used as a precursor for developing new cancer inhibitors, mainly targeting leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hem N Naik
- Department of Chemistry, SV National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat, 395007, India
| | - Dilip Kanjariya
- Department of Chemistry, SV National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat, 395007, India
| | - Shahnaz Parveen
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226015, India
| | - Iqrar Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Prof. Ravindra Nikam College of Pharmacy, Gondur, Dhule, Maharashtra, 424002, India
| | - Abha Meena
- Molecular Bioprospection Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226015, India
| | - Harun Patel
- Division of Computer Aided Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R.C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, Maharashtra, 425405, India
| | - Ramavatar Meena
- Natural Product and Green Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G. B. Marg, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364002, India
| | - Smita Jauhari
- Department of Chemistry, SV National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat, 395007, India.
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3
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DeAngelo SL, Győrffy B, Koutmos M, Shah YM. Selenoproteins and tRNA-Sec: regulators of cancer redox homeostasis. Trends Cancer 2023; 9:1006-1018. [PMID: 37716885 PMCID: PMC10843386 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
In the past two decades significant progress has been made in uncovering the biological function of selenium. Selenium, an essential trace element, is required for the biogenesis of selenocysteine which is then incorporated into selenoproteins. These selenoproteins have emerged as central regulators of cellular antioxidant capacity and maintenance of redox homeostasis. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the multifaceted functions of selenoproteins with a particular emphasis on their contributions to cellular antioxidant capacity. Additionally, we highlight the promising potential of targeting selenoproteins and the biogenesis of selenocysteine as avenues for therapeutic intervention in cancer. By understanding the intricate relationship between selenium, selenoproteins, and reactive oxygen species (ROS), insights can be gained to develop therapies that exploit the inherent vulnerabilities of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen L DeAngelo
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Markos Koutmos
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Program in Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yatrik M Shah
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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4
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He YL, Zhong M, Song ZL, Shen YK, Zhao L, Fang J. Synthesis and discovery of Baylis-Hillman adducts as potent and selective thioredoxin reductase inhibitors for cancer treatment. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 79:117169. [PMID: 36657375 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) is of paramount importance in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis, and aberrant upregulation of TrxR is frequently observed in various cancers due to their elevated oxidative stress in cells. Thus, it seems promising and feasible to target the ablation of intracellular TrxR for the treatment of cancers. We report herein the design and synthesis of a series of Baylis-Hillman adducts, and identified a typical adduct that possesses the superior cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells over other types of cancer cells. The biological investigation shows the selected typical adduct selectively targets TrxR in HepG2 cells, which thereafter results in the collapse of intracellular redox homeostasis. Further mechanistic studies reveal that the selected typical adduct arrests the cell cycle in G1/G0 phase. Importantly, the malignant metastasis of HepG2 cells is significantly restrained by the selected typical adduct. With well-defined molecular target and mechanism of action, the selected typical adduct, even other Baylis-Hillman skeleton-bearing compounds, merits further development as candidate or ancillary agent for the treatment of various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lin He
- Natural Medicine Research & Development Center, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China; State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Miao Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Zi-Long Song
- Natural Medicine Research & Development Center, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China; State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Yu-Kai Shen
- Lizhi College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Lanning Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China.
| | - Jianguo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
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5
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Hagemann A, Altrogge PK, Kehrenberg MCA, Diehl D, Jung D, Weber L, Bachmann HS. Analyzing the postulated inhibitory effect of Manumycin A on farnesyltransferase. Front Chem 2022; 10:967947. [PMID: 36561140 PMCID: PMC9763582 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.967947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Manumycin A is postulated to be a specific inhibitor against the farnesyltransferase (FTase) since this effect has been shown in 1993 for yeast FTase. Since then, plenty of studies investigated Manumycin A in human cells as well as in model organisms like Caenorhabditis elegans. Some studies pointed to additional targets and pathways involved in Manumycin A effects like apoptosis. Therefore, these studies created doubt whether the main mechanism of action of Manumycin A is FTase inhibition. For some of these alternative targets half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of Manumycin A are available, but not for human and C. elegans FTase. So, we aimed to 1) characterize missing C. elegans FTase kinetics, 2) elucidate the IC50 and Ki values of Manumycin A on purified human and C. elegans FTase 3) investigate Manumycin A dependent expression of FTase and apoptosis genes in C. elegans. C. elegans FTase has its temperature optimum at 40°C with KM of 1.3 µM (farnesylpyrophosphate) and 1.7 µM (protein derivate). Whilst other targets are inhibitable by Manumycin A at the nanomolar level, we found that Manumycin A inhibits cell-free FTase in micromolar concentrations (Ki human 4.15 μM; Ki C. elegans 3.16 μM). Furthermore, our gene expression results correlate with other studies indicating that thioredoxin reductase 1 is the main target of Manumycin A. According to our results, the ability of Manumycin A to inhibit the FTase at the micromolar level is rather neglectable for its cellular effects, so we postulate that the classification as a specific FTase inhibitor is no longer valid.
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Castro-Falcón G, Creamer KE, Chase AB, Kim MC, Sweeney D, Glukhov E, Fenical W, Jensen PR. Structure and Candidate Biosynthetic Gene Cluster of a Manumycin-Type Metabolite from Salinispora pacifica. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:980-986. [PMID: 35263117 PMCID: PMC9209988 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c01117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A new manumycin-type natural product named pacificamide (1) and its candidate biosynthetic gene cluster (pac) were discovered from the marine actinobacterium Salinispora pacifica CNT-855. The structure of the compound was determined using NMR, electronic circular dichroism, and bioinformatic predictions. The pac gene cluster is unique to S. pacifica and found in only two of the 119 Salinispora genomes analyzed across nine species. Comparative analyses of biosynthetic gene clusters encoding the production of related manumycin-type compounds revealed genetic differences in accordance with the unique pacificamide structure. Further queries of manumycin-type gene clusters from public databases revealed their limited distribution across the phylum Actinobacteria and orphan diversity that suggests additional products remain to be discovered in this compound class. Production of the known metabolite triacsin D is also reported for the first time from the genus Salinispora. This study adds two classes of compounds to the natural product collective isolated from the genus Salinispora, which has proven to be a useful model for natural product research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Castro-Falcón
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Kaitlin E Creamer
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Alexander B Chase
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Min Cheol Kim
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Douglas Sweeney
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Evgenia Glukhov
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - William Fenical
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Paul R Jensen
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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7
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Zhang J, Xu Q, Ma D. Inhibition of thioredoxin reductase by natural anticancer candidate β-lapachone accounts for triggering redox activation-mediated HL-60 cell apoptosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 180:244-252. [PMID: 35091063 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
β-Lapachone as a natural novel anticancer candidate is under clinical trials. Previous studies suggested that β-lapachone works by redox activation to ablate cancer cells. However, it is still unclear whether thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), one of the key redox catalytic enzymes in cells, plays a role in the pharmacological effects of β-lapachone. Herein, we present that β-lapachone kills human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells with preference over other cancer cells and normal cells. The follow-up studies demonstrate that β-lapachone induces the HL-60 cell apoptosis through inhibition of TrxR and further elevation of oxidative stress. Overexpression of the TrxR alleviates the efficiency of β-lapachone while knockdown of the enzyme increases the β-lapachone cytotoxicity, scientifically underpinning the correlation of the observed biological behaviors of β-lapachone to TrxR inhibition. The disclosure of the novel action mechanism of β-lapachone sheds light on understanding its capacity in interfering with cellular redox signaling and supports β-lapachone as an anticancer drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (SAR), China.
| | - Qianhe Xu
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Di Ma
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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8
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Zhang B, Fang J. Assay of selenol species in biological samples by the fluorescent probe Sel-green. Methods Enzymol 2022; 662:259-273. [PMID: 35101214 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2021.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for diverse cellular functions. The biological significance of Se is predominantly dependent on its incorporation into the selenocysteine (Sec) for synthesis of selenoproteins (SePs), such as thioredoxin reductase family enzymes and glutathione peroxidase family enzymes. In general, the hyperactivity of the selenol group in Sec confers the Sec residue critical for functions of SePs. The Sec is much less abundant than its sulfur analog cysteine (Cys), and it remains a high challenge to detect Sec, especially in complex biological samples. We recently reported a selective fluorescent probe Sel-green for selenols and summarized the principles for design of selenol (and thiophenol) probes. Sel-green discriminates selenols from other biological species, especially thiols, under physiological conditions, and has been applied to detect both endogenous and exogenous selenol species in live cells. In this chapter, we describe a protocol and guideline for the selective detection of Sec by applying the Sel-green. This protocol is also suitable for detection of other selenol species. This practical and convenient assay would assist scientists to better understand the pivotal roles of Sec as well as SePs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
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Zhang SP, Zhou J, Fan QZ, Lv XM, Wang T, Wang F, Chen Y, Hong SY, Liu XP, Xu BS, Hu L, Zhang C, Zhang YM. Discovery of hydroxytyrosol as thioredoxin reductase 1 inhibitor to induce apoptosis and G 1/S cell cycle arrest in human colorectal cancer cells via ROS generation. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:829. [PMID: 34149875 PMCID: PMC8200807 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancer types and a leading cause of cancer-associated mortality in China. Increased thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) levels have been previously identified as possible target for CRC. The present study revealed that the natural product hydroxytyrosol (HT), which exhibits a polyphenol scaffold, is a potent inhibitor of TrxR1. Inhibition of TrxR1 was indicated to result in accumulation of reactive oxygen species, inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis and G1/S cell cycle arrest of CRC cells. Using a C-terminal mutant TrxR1 enzyme activity assay, TrxR1 RNA interference assay and HT binding model assay, the present study demonstrated the core character of the selenocysteine residue in the interaction between HT and TrxR1. HT can serve as polyphenol scaffold to develop novel TrxR1 inhibitors for CRC treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Peng Zhang
- Center of Drug Screening and Evaluation, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
| | - Ji Zhou
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Zhu Fan
- Center of Drug Screening and Evaluation, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Mei Lv
- Center of Drug Screening and Evaluation, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
| | - Tian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
| | - Fan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
| | - Yang Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
| | - Sen-Yan Hong
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ping Liu
- Center of Drug Screening and Evaluation, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
| | - Bing-Song Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Center of Drug Screening and Evaluation, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
| | - Ye-Ming Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
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Sojka DR, Hasterok S, Vydra N, Toma-Jonik A, Wieczorek A, Gogler-Pigłowska A, Scieglinska D. Inhibition of the Heat Shock Protein A (HSPA) Family Potentiates the Anticancer Effects of Manumycin A. Cells 2021; 10:1418. [PMID: 34200371 PMCID: PMC8229576 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Manumycin A (MA) is a well-tolerated natural antibiotic showing pleiotropic anticancer effects in various preclinical in vitro and in vivo models. Anticancer drugs may themselves act as stressors to induce the cellular adaptive mechanism that can minimize their cytotoxicity. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) as cytoprotective factors can counteract the deleterious effects of various stressful stimuli. In this study, we examined whether the anticancer effects of MA can be counteracted by the mechanism related to HSPs belonging to the HSPA (HSP70) family. We found that MA caused cell type-specific alterations in the levels of HSPAs. These changes included concomitant upregulation of the stress-inducible (HSPA1 and HSPA6) and downregulation of the non-stress-inducible (HSPA2) paralogs. However, neither HSPA1 nor HSPA2 were necessary to provide protection against MA in lung cancer cells. Conversely, the simultaneous repression of several HSPA paralogs using pan-HSPA inhibitors (VER-155008 or JG-98) sensitized cancer cells to MA. We also observed that genetic ablation of the heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) transcription factor, a main transactivator of HSPAs expression, sensitized MCF7 cells to MA treatment. Our study reveals that inhibition of HSF1-mediated heat shock response (HSR) can improve the anticancer effect of MA. These observations suggest that targeting the HSR- or HSPA-mediated adaptive mechanisms may be a promising strategy for further preclinical developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Robert Sojka
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (D.R.S.); (S.H.); (N.V.); (A.T.-J.); (A.G.-P.)
| | - Sylwia Hasterok
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (D.R.S.); (S.H.); (N.V.); (A.T.-J.); (A.G.-P.)
| | - Natalia Vydra
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (D.R.S.); (S.H.); (N.V.); (A.T.-J.); (A.G.-P.)
| | - Agnieszka Toma-Jonik
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (D.R.S.); (S.H.); (N.V.); (A.T.-J.); (A.G.-P.)
| | - Anna Wieczorek
- Division of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-406 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Gogler-Pigłowska
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (D.R.S.); (S.H.); (N.V.); (A.T.-J.); (A.G.-P.)
| | - Dorota Scieglinska
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology Gliwice Branch, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland; (D.R.S.); (S.H.); (N.V.); (A.T.-J.); (A.G.-P.)
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Zhang J, Duan D, Osama A, Fang J. Natural Molecules Targeting Thioredoxin System and Their Therapeutic Potential. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:1083-1107. [PMID: 33115246 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Thioredoxin (Trx) and thioredoxin reductase are two core members of the Trx system. The system bridges the gap between the universal reducing equivalent NADPH and various biological molecules and plays an essential role in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis and regulating multiple cellular redox signaling pathways. Recent Advance: In recent years, the Trx system has been well documented as an important regulator of many diseases, especially tumorigenesis. Thus, the development of potential therapeutic molecules targeting the system is of great significance for disease treatment. Critical Issues: We herein first discuss the physiological functions of the Trx system and the role that the Trx system plays in various diseases. Then, we focus on the introduction of natural small molecules with potential therapeutic applications, especially the anticancer activity, and review their mechanisms of pharmacological actions via interfering with the Trx system. Finally, we further discuss several natural molecules that harbor therapeutic potential and have entered different clinical trials. Future Directions: Further studies on the functions of the Trx system in multiple diseases will not only improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of many human disorders but also help develop novel therapeutic strategies against these diseases. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 1083-1107.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, China
| | - Dongzhu Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, China
| | - Alsiddig Osama
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, China
| | - Jianguo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, China
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12
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Chupakhin E, Krasavin M. Thioredoxin reductase inhibitors: updated patent review (2017-present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2021; 31:745-758. [PMID: 33666133 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2021.1899160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) is a selenocysteine-containing enzyme which is responsible - as a part of the thioredoxin system - for maintaining redox homeostasis in cells. It is upregulated in cancerous state as a defense against oxidative stress. TrxR has been mostly considered an anticancer drug target although it has applications in other therapeutic areas such as neurodegeneration, inflammation, microbial infections, and neonatal hyperoxic lung injury.Areas covered: The present review covers the patent literature that appeared in the period 2017-2020, i.e. since the publication of the previous expert opinion patent review on TrxR inhibitors. The recent additions to the following traditional classes of inhibitors are discussed: metal complexes, Michael acceptors as well as arsenic and selenium compounds. At the same time, a novel group of nitro (hetero)aromatic compounds have emerged which likely acts via covalent inhibition mechanism. Several miscellaneous chemotypes are grouped under Miscellaneous subsection.Expert opinion: While specificity over glutathione reductase is achieved easily, TrxR is still moving toward the later stages of development at a very slow rate. Michael acceptors, particularly based on TRXR substrate-mimicking scaffolds, are gaining impetus and so are dual and hybrid compounds. The development prospects of the emerging nitro (hetero)aromatic chemotypes remain uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Chupakhin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg Russian Federation.,Institute for Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail Krasavin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg Russian Federation.,Institute for Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad Russian Federation
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13
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Mofers A, Selvaraju K, Gubat J, D'Arcy P, Linder S. Identification of proteasome inhibitors using analysis of gene expression profiles. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 889:173709. [PMID: 33166494 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of the 20S proteasome such as bortezomib (Velcade®) and carfilzomib (Kypriolis®) are in clinical use for the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma. In an attempt to identify novel inhibitors of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) we used the connectivity map (CMap) resource, based on alterations of gene expression profiles by perturbagens, and performed COMPARE analyses of drug sensitivity patterns in the NCI60 panel. Cmap analysis identified a large number of small molecules with strong connectivity to proteasome inhibition, including both well characterized inhibitors of the 20S proteasome and molecules previously not described to inhibit the UPS. A number of these compounds have been reported to be cytotoxic to tumor cells and were tested for their ability to decrease processing of proteasome substrates. The antibiotic thiostrepton and the natural products celastrol and curcumin induced strong accumulation of polyubiquitinated proteasome substrates in exposed cells. Other compounds elicited modest increases of proteasome substrates, including the protein phosphatase inhibitor BCI-Cl and the farnesyltransferase inhibitor manumycin A, suggesting that these compounds inhibit proteasome function. Induction of chaperone expression in the absence of proteasome inhibition was observed by a number of compounds, suggesting other effects on the UPS. We conclude that the combination of bioinformatic analyses and cellular assays resulted in the identification of compounds with potential to inhibit the UPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjan Mofers
- Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Karthik Selvaraju
- Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Johannes Gubat
- Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Padraig D'Arcy
- Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Stig Linder
- Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, SE-58183, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden.
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14
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Anti-recurrence/metastasis and chemosensitization therapy with thioredoxin reductase-interfering drug delivery system. Biomaterials 2020; 249:120054. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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15
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Ghareeb H, Metanis N. The Thioredoxin System: A Promising Target for Cancer Drug Development. Chemistry 2020; 26:10175-10184. [PMID: 32097513 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The thioredoxin system is highly conserved system found in all living cells and comprises NADPH, thioredoxin, and thioredoxin reductase. This system plays a critical role in preserving a reduced intracellular environment, and its involvement in regulating a wide range of cellular functions makes it especially vital to cellular homeostasis. Its critical role is not limited to healthy cells, it is also involved in cancer development, and is overexpressed in many cancers. This makes the thioredoxin system a promising target for cancer drug development. As such, over the last decade, many inhibitors have been developed that target the thioredoxin system, most of which are small molecules targeting the thioredoxin reductase C-terminal redox center. A few inhibitors of thioredoxin have also been developed. We believe that more efforts should be invested in developing protein/peptide-based inhibitors against both thioredoxin reductase and/or thioredoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Ghareeb
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Norman Metanis
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
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16
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Hrdý J, Súkeníková L, Petrásková P, Novotná O, Kahoun D, Petříček M, Chroňáková A, Petříčková K. Inhibition of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines by Metabolites of Streptomycetes-A Potential Alternative to Current Anti-Inflammatory Drugs? Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8050621. [PMID: 32344935 PMCID: PMC7284804 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8050621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Current treatment of chronic diseases includes, among others, application of cytokines, monoclonal antibodies, cellular therapies, and immunostimulants. As all the underlying mechanisms of a particular diseases are not always fully clarified, treatment can be inefficient and associated with various, sometimes serious, side effects. Small secondary metabolites produced by various microbes represent an attractive alternative as future anti-inflammatory drug leads. Compared to current drugs, they are cheaper, can often be administered orally, but still can keep a high target-specificity. Some compounds produced by actinomycetes or fungi have already been used as immunomodulators—tacrolimus, sirolimus, and cyclosporine. This work documents strong anti-inflammatory features of another secondary metabolite of streptomycetes—manumycin-type polyketides. We compared the effect of four related compounds: manumycin A, manumycin B, asukamycin, and colabomycin E on activation and survival of human monocyte/macrophage cell line THP-1. The anti-cancer effect of manucycine A has been demonstrated; the immunomodulatory capacities of manumycin A are obvious when using micromolar concentrations. The application of all four compounds in 0.25–5 μM concentrations leads to efficient, concentration-dependent inhibition of IL-1β and TNF expression in THP-1 upon LPS stimulation, while the three latter compounds show a significantly lower pro-apoptotic effect than manumycin A. We have demonstrated the anti-inflammatory capacity of selected manumycin-type polyketides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Hrdý
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 116 36 Prague, Czech Republic; (L.S.); (P.P.); (O.N.); (M.P.); (K.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Lenka Súkeníková
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 116 36 Prague, Czech Republic; (L.S.); (P.P.); (O.N.); (M.P.); (K.P.)
| | - Petra Petrásková
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 116 36 Prague, Czech Republic; (L.S.); (P.P.); (O.N.); (M.P.); (K.P.)
| | - Olga Novotná
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 116 36 Prague, Czech Republic; (L.S.); (P.P.); (O.N.); (M.P.); (K.P.)
| | - David Kahoun
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic;
| | - Miroslav Petříček
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 116 36 Prague, Czech Republic; (L.S.); (P.P.); (O.N.); (M.P.); (K.P.)
| | - Alica Chroňáková
- Institute of Soil Biology, Biology Centre Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic;
| | - Kateřina Petříčková
- Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 116 36 Prague, Czech Republic; (L.S.); (P.P.); (O.N.); (M.P.); (K.P.)
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic;
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Wang X, Gao M, Zhang J, Ma Y, Qu W, Liang J, Wu H, Wen H. Peperomin E and its orally bioavailable analog induce oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis of acute myeloid leukemia progenitor cells by targeting thioredoxin reductase. Redox Biol 2019; 24:101153. [PMID: 30909158 PMCID: PMC6434189 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The early immature CD34+ acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell subpopulation-acute myeloid leukemia progenitor cells (APCs), is often resistant to conventional chemotherapy, making them largely responsible for the relapse of AML. However, to date, the eradication of APCs remains a major challenge. We previously reported a naturally occurring secolignan- Peperomin E (PepE) and its analog 6-methyl (hydroxyethyl) amino-2, 6-dihydropeperomin E (DMAPE) that selectively target and induce oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis in KG-1a CD34+ cells (an APCs-like cell line) in vitro. We therefore further evaluated the efficacy and the mechanism of action of these compounds in this study. We found that PepE and DMAPE have similar potential to eliminate primary APCs, with no substantial toxicities to the normal cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, these agents selectively inhibit TrxR1, an antioxidant enzyme aberrantly expressed in APCs, by covalently binding to its selenocysteine residue at the C-terminal redox center. TrxR1 inhibition mediated by PepE (DMAPE) leads to the formation of cellular selenium compromised thioredoxin reductase-derived apoptotic protein (SecTRAP), oxidation of Trx, induction of oxidative stress and finally activation of apoptosis of APCs. Our results demonstrate a potential anti-APCs molecular target – TrxR1 and provide valuable insights into the mechanism underlying PepE (DMAPE)-induced cytotoxicity of APCs, and support the further preclinical investigations on PepE (DMAPE)-related therapies for the treatment of relapsed AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xianlin Avenue No. 138, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ming Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xianlin Avenue No. 138, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiyun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xianlin Avenue No. 138, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Ma
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology Hospital, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolinwei Lane No. 200, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenshu Qu
- People's Liberation Army Cancer Center, Nanjing Bayi Hospital, Yanggongjing Street No. 34, Nanjing 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyu Liang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjia Lane No.24, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xianlin Avenue No. 138, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xianlin Avenue No. 138, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Tuladhar A, Hondal RJ, Colon R, Hernandez EL, Rein KS. Effectors of thioredoxin reductase: Brevetoxins and manumycin-A. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 217:76-86. [PMID: 30476593 PMCID: PMC7485175 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The activities of two effectors, brevetoxin (PbTx) and manumycin-A (Man-A), of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) have been evaluated against a series of fourteen TrxR orthologs originating from mammals, insects and protists and several mutants. Man-A, a molecule with numerous electrophilic sites, forms a covalent adduct with most selenocystine (Sec)-containing TrxR enzymes. The evidence also demonstrates that Man-A can form covalent adducts with some non-Sec-containing enzymes. The activities of TrxR enzymes towards various substrates are moderated by Man-A either positively or negatively depending on the enzyme. In general, the reduction of substrates by Sec-containing TrxR is inhibited and NADPH oxidase activity is activated. For non-Sec-containing TrxR the effect of Man-A on the reduction of substrates is variable, but NADPH oxidase activity can be activated even in the absence of covalent modification of TrxR. The effect of PbTx is less pronounced. A smaller subset of enzymes is affected by PbTx. With a single exception, the activities of most of this subset are activated. Although both PbTx variants can react with selenocysteine, a stable covalent adduct is not formed with any of the TrxR enzymes. The key findings from this work are (i) the identification of an alternate mechanism of toxicity for the algal toxin brevetoxin (ii) the demonstration that covalent modification of TrxR is not a prerequisite for the activation of NADPH oxidase activity of TrxR and (iii) the identification of an inhibitor which can discriminate between cytosolic and mitochondrial TrxR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Tuladhar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, United States
| | - Robert J Hondal
- Department of Biochemistry, 89 Beaumont Ave, Given Building Room 413B, Burlington, VT 05405, United States
| | - Ricardo Colon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, United States
| | - Elyssa L Hernandez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, United States
| | - Kathleen S Rein
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, United States.
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Wu Y, Zhou G, Meng Q, Tang X, Liu G, Yin H, Zhao J, Yang F, Yu Z, Luo Y. Visible Light-Induced Aerobic Epoxidation of α,β-Unsaturated Ketones Mediated by Amidines. J Org Chem 2018; 83:13051-13062. [PMID: 30285439 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
An aerobic photoepoxidation of α,β-unsaturated ketones driven by visible light in the presence of tetramethylguanidine (3b), tetraphenylporphine (H2TPP), and molecular oxygen under mild conditions was revealed. The corresponding α,β-epoxy ketones were obtained in yields of up to 94% in 96 h. The reaction time was shortened to 4.6 h by flow synthesis. The mechanism related to singlet oxygen was supported by experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
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