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Jabbarzadeh Kaboli P, Chen HF, Babaeizad A, Roustai Geraylow K, Yamaguchi H, Hung MC. Unlocking c-MET: A comprehensive journey into targeted therapies for breast cancer. Cancer Lett 2024; 588:216780. [PMID: 38462033 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women, posing a formidable health challenge worldwide. In this complex landscape, the c-MET (cellular-mesenchymal epithelial transition factor) receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), also recognized as the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor (HGFR), emerges as a prominent protagonist, displaying overexpression in nearly 50% of breast cancer cases. Activation of c-MET by its ligand, HGF, secreted by neighboring mesenchymal cells, contributes to a cascade of tumorigenic processes, including cell proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression. While c-MET inhibitors such as crizotinib, capmatinib, tepotinib and cabozantinib have garnered FDA approval for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), their potential within breast cancer therapy is still undetermined. This comprehensive review embarks on a journey through structural biology, multifaceted functions, and intricate signaling pathways orchestrated by c-MET across cancer types. Furthermore, we highlight the pivotal role of c-MET-targeted therapies in breast cancer, offering a clinical perspective on this promising avenue of intervention. In this pursuit, we strive to unravel the potential of c-MET as a beacon of hope in the fight against breast cancer, unveiling new horizons for therapeutic innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parham Jabbarzadeh Kaboli
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Cancer Biology, Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 406, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Fan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Cancer Biology, Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 406, Taiwan
| | - Ali Babaeizad
- Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | | | - Hirohito Yamaguchi
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Cancer Biology, Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 406, Taiwan
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Cancer Biology, Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 406, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan.
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2
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Liang Q, Hu Y, Yuan Q, Yu M, Wang H, Zhao B. MET exon 14 skipping mutation drives cancer progression and recurrence via activation of SMAD2 signalling. Br J Cancer 2024; 130:380-393. [PMID: 38110666 PMCID: PMC10844616 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02495-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND c-Met encoded by the proto-oncogene MET, also known as hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor, plays a crucial role in cellular processes. MET exon 14 skipping alteration (METΔ14EX) is a newly discovered MET mutation. SMAD2 is an important downstream transcription factor in TGF-β pathway. Unfortunately, the mechanisms by which METΔ14EX leads to oncogenic transformation are scarcely understood. The relationship between METΔ14EX and SMAD2 has not been studied yet. METHODS We generate METΔ14EX models by CRISPR-Cas9. In vitro transwell, wound-healing, soft-agar assay, in vivo metastasis and subcutaneous recurrence assay were used to study the role of METΔ14EX in tumour progression. RNA-seq, Western blotting, co-immunoprecipitation (CO-IP) and immunofluorescent were performed to explore the interaction between c-Met and SMAD2. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that METΔ14EX, independent of HGF, can prolong the constitutive activation of c-Met downstream signalling pathways by impeding c-Met degradation and facilitating tumour metastasis and recurrence. Meanwhile, METΔ14EX strengthens the interaction between c-Met and SMAD2, promoting SMAD2 phosphorylation. Therapeutically, MET inhibitor crizotinib impedes METΔ14EX-mediated tumour metastasis by decreasing SMAD2 phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS These data elucidated the previously unrecognised role of METΔ14EX in cancer progression via activation of SMAD2 independent of TGF-β, which helps to develop more effective therapies for such patients. METΔ14EX alteration significantly triggers tumour progression via activation of SMAD2 signalling that are involved in activating tumour invasion, metastasis and recurrence. On the left, in the MET wild-type (METWT), the juxtamembrane (JM) domain is involved in the regulation of tyrosine kinase activity, receptor degradation, and caspase cleavage. On the right, the METΔ14EX mutation leads to the loss of the juxtamembrane domain, resulting in an abnormal MET protein lacking a CBL-binding site. This causes the accumulation of truncated MET receptors followed by constitutive activation of the MET signalling pathway. Thus, the METΔ14EX-mutated protein has strong binding and phosphorylation to SMAD2, which results in the phosphorylation of a large number of SMAD2/3 proteins that combine with SMAD4 to form a complex in the nucleus, activating downstream signalling pathways, such as EMT and ECM remodelling, resulting in tumour progression and recurrence. TF transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingyun Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Yu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Huijie Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Bing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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3
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Collie GW, Clark MA, Keefe AD, Madin A, Read JA, Rivers EL, Zhang Y. Screening Ultra-Large Encoded Compound Libraries Leads to Novel Protein-Ligand Interactions and High Selectivity. J Med Chem 2024; 67:864-884. [PMID: 38197367 PMCID: PMC10823476 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The DNA-encoded library (DEL) discovery platform has emerged as a powerful technology for hit identification in recent years. It has become one of the major parallel workstreams for small molecule drug discovery along with other strategies such as HTS and data mining. For many researchers working in the DEL field, it has become increasingly evident that many hits and leads discovered via DEL screening bind to target proteins with unique and unprecedented binding modes. This Perspective is our attempt to analyze reports of DEL screening with the purpose of providing a rigorous and useful account of the binding modes observed for DEL-derived ligands with a focus on binding mode novelty.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ying Zhang
- X-Chem,
Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
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4
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Hyung S, Ko J, Heo YJ, Blum SM, Kim ST, Park SH, Park JO, Kang WK, Lim HY, Klempner SJ, Lee J. Patient-derived exosomes facilitate therapeutic targeting of oncogenic MET in advanced gastric cancer. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadk1098. [PMID: 38000030 PMCID: PMC10672184 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk1098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) with peritoneal metastases and malignant ascites continues to have poor prognosis. Exosomes mediate intercellular communication during cancer progression and promote therapeutic resistance. Here, we report the significance of exosomes derived from malignant ascites (EXOAscites) in cancer progression and use modified exosomes as resources for cancer therapy. EXOAscites from patients with GC stimulated invasiveness and angiogenesis in an ex vivo three-dimensional autologous tumor spheroid microfluidic system. EXOAscites concentration increased invasiveness, and blockade of their secretion suppressed tumor progression. In MET-amplified GC, EXOAscites contain abundant MET; their selective delivery to tumor cells enhanced angiogenesis and invasiveness. Exosomal MET depletion substantially reduced invasiveness; an additive therapeutic effect was induced when combined with MET and/or VEGFR2 inhibition in a patient-derived MET-amplified GC model. Allogeneic MET-harboring exosome delivery induced invasion and angiogenesis in a MET non-amplified GC model. MET-amplified patient tissues showed higher exosome concentration than their adjacent normal tissues. Manipulating exosome content and production may be a promising complementary strategy against GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Hyung
- Precision Medicine Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Ko
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi 13120, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Steven M. Blum
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Seung Tae Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hoon Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Oh Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Ki Kang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Yeong Lim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Samuel J. Klempner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jeeyun Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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5
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Grädler U, Schwarz D, Wegener A, Eichhorn T, Bandeiras TM, Freitas MC, Lammens A, Ganichkin O, Augustin M, Minguzzi S, Becker F, Bomke J. Biophysical and structural characterization of the impacts of MET phosphorylation on tepotinib binding. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105328. [PMID: 37806493 PMCID: PMC10654029 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase MET is activated by hepatocyte growth factor binding, followed by phosphorylation of the intracellular kinase domain (KD) mainly within the activation loop (A-loop) on Y1234 and Y1235. Dysregulation of MET can lead to both tumor growth and metastatic progression of cancer cells. Tepotinib is a highly selective, potent type Ib MET inhibitor and approved for treatment of non-small cell lung cancer harboring METex14 skipping alterations. Tepotinib binds to the ATP site of unphosphorylated MET with critical π-stacking contacts to Y1230 of the A-loop, resulting in a high residence time. In our study, we combined protein crystallography, biophysical methods (surface plasmon resonance, differential scanning fluorimetry), and mass spectrometry to clarify the impacts of A-loop conformation on tepotinib binding using different recombinant MET KD protein variants. We solved the first crystal structures of MET mutants Y1235D, Y1234E/1235E, and F1200I in complex with tepotinib. Our biophysical and structural data indicated a linkage between reduced residence times for tepotinib and modulation of A-loop conformation either by mutation (Y1235D), by affecting the overall Y1234/Y1235 phosphorylation status (L1195V and F1200I) or by disturbing critical π-stacking interactions with tepotinib (Y1230C). We corroborated these data with target engagement studies by fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy using KD constructs in cell lysates or full-length receptors from solubilized cellular membranes as WT or activated mutants (Y1235D and Y1234E/1235E). Collectively, our results provide further insight into the MET A-loop structural determinants that affect the binding of the selective inhibitor tepotinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Grädler
- The Healthcare Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Daniel Schwarz
- The Healthcare Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Ansgar Wegener
- The Healthcare Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Tiago M Bandeiras
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Micael C Freitas
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jörg Bomke
- The Healthcare Business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
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6
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Nitulescu GM, Stancov G, Seremet OC, Nitulescu G, Mihai DP, Duta-Bratu CG, Barbuceanu SF, Olaru OT. The Importance of the Pyrazole Scaffold in the Design of Protein Kinases Inhibitors as Targeted Anticancer Therapies. Molecules 2023; 28:5359. [PMID: 37513232 PMCID: PMC10385367 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The altered activation or overexpression of protein kinases (PKs) is a major subject of research in oncology and their inhibition using small molecules, protein kinases inhibitors (PKI) is the best available option for the cure of cancer. The pyrazole ring is extensively employed in the field of medicinal chemistry and drug development strategies, playing a vital role as a fundamental framework in the structure of various PKIs. This scaffold holds major importance and is considered a privileged structure based on its synthetic accessibility, drug-like properties, and its versatile bioisosteric replacement function. It has proven to play a key role in many PKI, such as the inhibitors of Akt, Aurora kinases, MAPK, B-raf, JAK, Bcr-Abl, c-Met, PDGFR, FGFRT, and RET. Of the 74 small molecule PKI approved by the US FDA, 8 contain a pyrazole ring: Avapritinib, Asciminib, Crizotinib, Encorafenib, Erdafitinib, Pralsetinib, Pirtobrutinib, and Ruxolitinib. The focus of this review is on the importance of the unfused pyrazole ring within the clinically tested PKI and on the additional required elements of their chemical structures. Related important pyrazole fused scaffolds like indazole, pyrrolo[1,2-b]pyrazole, pyrazolo[4,3-b]pyridine, pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine, or pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine are beyond the subject of this work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Georgiana Nitulescu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania; (G.M.N.)
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7
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Albers J, Friese-Hamim M, Clark A, Schadt O, Walter-Bausch G, Stroh C, Johne A, Karachaliou N, Blaukat A. The Preclinical Pharmacology of Tepotinib-A Highly Selective MET Inhibitor with Activity in Tumors Harboring MET Alterations. Mol Cancer Ther 2023; 22:833-843. [PMID: 36999986 PMCID: PMC10320478 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-22-0537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
The mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) proto-oncogene encodes the MET receptor tyrosine kinase. MET aberrations drive tumorigenesis in several cancer types through a variety of molecular mechanisms, including MET mutations, gene amplification, rearrangement, and overexpression. Therefore, MET is a therapeutic target and the selective type Ib MET inhibitor, tepotinib, was designed to potently inhibit MET kinase activity. In vitro, tepotinib inhibits MET in a concentration-dependent manner irrespective of the mode of MET activation, and in vivo, tepotinib exhibits marked, dose-dependent antitumor activity in MET-dependent tumor models of various cancer indications. Tepotinib penetrates the blood-brain barrier and demonstrates strong antitumor activity in subcutaneous and orthotopic brain metastasis models, in-line with clinical activity observed in patients. MET amplification is an established mechanism of resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), and preclinical studies show that tepotinib in combination with EGFR TKIs can overcome this resistance. Tepotinib is currently approved for the treatment of adult patients with advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer harboring MET exon 14 skipping alterations. This review focuses on the pharmacology of tepotinib in preclinical cancer models harboring MET alterations and demonstrates that strong adherence to the principles of the Pharmacological Audit Trail may result in a successful discovery and development of a precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Albers
- Research Unit Oncology, the healthcare business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Manja Friese-Hamim
- Corporate Animal Using Vendor and Vivarium Governance (SQ-AV), Corporate Sustainability, Quality, Trade Compliance (SQ), Animal Affairs (SQ-A), the healthcare business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Anderson Clark
- Research Unit Oncology, EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts
| | - Oliver Schadt
- Global Medicinal Chemistry, the healthcare business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Gina Walter-Bausch
- Research Unit Oncology, the healthcare business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christopher Stroh
- Clinical Biomarkers and Companion Diagnostics, the healthcare business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Andreas Johne
- Global Clinical Development Unit, the healthcare business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Niki Karachaliou
- Global Clinical Development Unit, the healthcare business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Andree Blaukat
- Research Unit Oncology, the healthcare business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
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8
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Wang C, Lu X. Targeting MET: Discovery of Small Molecule Inhibitors as Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Therapy. J Med Chem 2023. [PMID: 37262349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
MET has been considered as a promising drug target for the treatment of MET-dependent diseases, particularly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Small molecule MET inhibitors with mainly three types of binding modes (Ia/Ib, II, and III) have been developed. In this Review, we provide an overview of the structural features, activation mechanism, and dysregulation pathway of MET and summarize progress on the development and discovery strategies utilized for MET inhibitors as well as mechanisms of acquired resistance to current approved inhibitors. The insights will accelerate discovery of new generation MET inhibitors to overcome clinical acquired resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofan Wang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, #855 Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xiaoyun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, #855 Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou, 510632, China
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9
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Wang C, Li J, Qu L, Tang X, Song X, Yang F, Chen X, Lin Q, Lin W, Zhou Y, Tu Z, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Lu X. Discovery of D6808, a Highly Selective and Potent Macrocyclic c-Met Inhibitor for Gastric Cancer Harboring MET Gene Alteration Treatment. J Med Chem 2022; 65:15140-15164. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaofan Wang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, #855 Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jie Li
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, #855 Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lingzhi Qu
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xia Tang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, #855 Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaojuan Song
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, #855 Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Fang Yang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, #855 Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaojuan Chen
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Qianmeng Lin
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Weibin Lin
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, #855 Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, #855 Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - ZhengChao Tu
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, #855 Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yongheng Chen
- Department of Oncology, NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Anticancer Drugs, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhang Zhang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, #855 Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaoyun Lu
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, #855 Xingye Avenue, Guangzhou 510632, China
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10
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Collie GW, Barlind L, Bazzaz S, Börjesson U, Dale IL, Disch JS, Habeshian S, Jetson R, Khurana P, Madin A, Michaelides IN, Peng L, Snijder A, Stubbs CJ. Discovery of a selective c-MET inhibitor with a novel binding mode. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 75:128948. [PMID: 35987508 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The c-MET receptor tyrosine kinase has received considerable attention as a cancer drug target yet there remains a need for inhibitors which are selective for c-MET and able to target emerging drug-resistant mutants. We report here the discovery, by screening a DNA-encoded chemical library, of a highly selective c-MET inhibitor which was shown by X-ray crystallography to bind to the kinase in an unprecedented manner. These results represent a novel mode of inhibiting c-MET with a small molecule and may provide a route to targeting drug-resistant forms of the kinase whilst avoiding potential toxicity issues associated with broad kinome inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Louise Barlind
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sana Bazzaz
- X-Chem, Inc., Waltham, MA 02453, United States
| | - Ulf Börjesson
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ian L Dale
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, U.K
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrew Madin
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, U.K
| | | | - Ling Peng
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road BDA, Beijing 100176, PR China
| | - Arjan Snijder
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
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11
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Jiang T, Liu Z, Liu W, Chen J, Zheng Z, Duan M. The Conformational Transition Pathways and Hidden Intermediates in DFG-Flip Process of c-Met Kinase Revealed by Metadynamics Simulations. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:3651-3663. [PMID: 35848778 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinases intrinsically translate their conformations between active and inactive states, which is key to their enzymatic activities. The conformational flipping of the three-residue conservative motif, Asp-Phe-Gly (DFG), is crucial for many kinases' biological functions. Obtaining a detailed demonstration of the DFG flipping process and its corresponding dynamical and thermodynamical features could broaden our understanding of kinases' conformation-activity relationship. In this study, we employed metadynamics simulation, a widely used enhanced sampling technique, to analyze the conformational transition pathways of the DFG flipping for the c-Met kinase. The corresponding free energy landscape suggested two distinct transition pathways between the "DFG-in" and "DFG-out" states of the DFG-flip from c-Met. On the basis of the orientation direction of the F1223 residue, we correspondingly named the two pathways the "DFG-up" path, featuring forming a commonly discovered "DFG-up" transition state, and the "DFG-down" path, a unique transition pathway with F1223 rotating along the opposite direction away from the hydrophobic cavity. The free energies along the two pathways were then calculated using the Path Collective Variable (PCV) metadynamics simulation. The simulation results showed that, though having similar free energy barriers, the free energy cuve for the DFG-down path suggested a two-step conformational transition mechanism, while that for the DFG-up path showed the one-step transition feature. The c-Met DFG flipping mechanism and the new intermediate state discovered in this work could provide a deeper understanding of the conformation-activity relationship for c-Met and, possibly, reveal a new conformational state as the drug target for c-Met and other similar kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhao Liu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Wenlang Liu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Jiawen Chen
- National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Zheng
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Mojie Duan
- National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, P. R. China
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12
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Fujino T, Suda K, Koga T, Hamada A, Ohara S, Chiba M, Shimoji M, Takemoto T, Soh J, Mitsudomi T. Foretinib can overcome common on-target resistance mutations after capmatinib/tepotinib treatment in NSCLCs with MET exon 14 skipping mutation. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:79. [PMID: 35690785 PMCID: PMC9188708 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01299-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Capmatinib and tepotinib are guideline-recommended front-line treatments for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with MET exon 14 skipping mutations (METex14). However, the emergence of acquired resistance to capmatinib/tepotinib is almost inevitable partially due to D1228X or Y1230X secondary mutations of the MET. In this study, we explored agents that are active against both D1228X and Y1230X MET to propose an ideal sequential treatment after capmatinib/tepotinib treatment failure in NSCLC patients with METex14. Methods The inhibitory effects of 300 drugs, including 33 MET-TKIs, were screened in Ba/F3 cells carrying METex14 plus MET D1228A/Y secondary mutations. The screen revealed four-candidate type II MET-TKIs (altiratinib, CEP-40783, foretinib and sitravatinib). Therefore, we performed further growth inhibitory assays using these four MET-TKIs plus cabozantinib and merestinib in Ba/F3 cells carrying MET D1228A/E/G/H/N/V/Y or Y1230C/D/H/N/S secondary mutations. We also performed analyses using Hs746t cell models carrying METex14 (with mutant allele amplification) with/without D1228X or Y1230X in vitro and in vivo to confirm the findings. Furthermore, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were carried out to examine differences in binding between type II MET-TKIs. Results All 6 type II MET-TKIs were active against Y1230X secondary mutations. However, among these 6 agents, only foretinib showed potent activity against D1228X secondary mutations of the MET in the Ba/F3 cell and Hs746t in vitro model and Hs746t in vivo model, and CEP-40783 and altiratinib demonstrated some activity. MD analysis suggested that the long tail of foretinib plays an important role in binding D1228X MET through interaction with a residue at the solvent front (G1163). Tertiary G1163X mutations, together with L1195F/I and F1200I/L, occurred as acquired resistance mechanisms to the second-line treatment foretinib in Ba/F3 cell models. Conclusions The type II MET-TKI foretinib may be an appropriate second-line treatment for NSCLCs carrying METex14 after campatinib/tepotinib treatment failure by secondary mutations at residue D1228 or Y1230. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13045-022-01299-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Fujino
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Kenichi Suda
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Takamasa Koga
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Akira Hamada
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Shuta Ohara
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Masato Chiba
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Masaki Shimoji
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Toshiki Takemoto
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Junichi Soh
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mitsudomi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, 589-8511, Japan.
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13
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Soonnarong R, Putra ID, Sriratanasak N, Sritularak B, Chanvorachote P. Artonin F Induces the Ubiquitin-Proteasomal Degradation of c-Met and Decreases Akt-mTOR Signaling. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15050633. [PMID: 35631459 PMCID: PMC9145792 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapies that selectively inhibit certain molecules in cancer cells have been considered promising for cancer treatment. In lung cancer, evidence has suggested that mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-Met) oncoprotein drives cancer progression through its signaling transduction pathway. In this paper, we report the downregulation of c-Met by artonin F, a flavonoid isolated from Artocarpus gomezianus. Artonin F was found to be dominantly toxic to lung cancer cells by mediating apoptosis. With regard to its mechanism of action, artonin F downregulated c-Met expression, consequently suppressed the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling, increased Bax expression, decreased Bcl-2 expression, and activated caspase-3. The depletion of c-Met was mediated by ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation following co-treatment with artonin F, with the proteasome inhibitor MG132 reversing its c-Met-targeting effect. The immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that artonin F significantly promoted the formation of the c-Met–ubiquitin complex. Given that ubiquitin-specific protease 8 (USP8) prevents c-Met degradation by deubiquitination, we performed a preliminary in silico molecular docking and observed that artonin F blocked the catalytic site of USP8. In addition, artonin F interacted with the catalytic residues of palmitoylating enzymes. By acting as a competitive inhibitor, artonin F could reduce the degree of palmitoylation of c-Met, which affected its stability and activity. In conclusion, c-Met is critical for cancer cell survival and the failure of chemotherapeutic regimens. This novel information on the c-Met downregulating effect of artonin F will be beneficial for the development of efficient anticancer strategies or targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rapeepun Soonnarong
- Interdisciplinary Program of Pharmacology Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (I.D.P.); (N.S.)
| | - Ismail Dwi Putra
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (I.D.P.); (N.S.)
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology Graduate Program, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nicharat Sriratanasak
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (I.D.P.); (N.S.)
- Departments of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Boonchoo Sritularak
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Pithi Chanvorachote
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (I.D.P.); (N.S.)
- Departments of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +662-218-8344
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14
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Ghosh S, Cho SJ. Structure–activity
relationship and
in silico
development of
c‐Met
kinase inhibitors. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suparna Ghosh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences College of Medicine, Chosun University Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Joo Cho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences College of Medicine, Chosun University Gwangju Republic of Korea
- Department of Cellular Molecular Medicine College of Medicine, Chosun University Gwangju Republic of Korea
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15
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Lu D, Nagelberg A, Chow JLM, Chen YT, Michalchuk Q, Somwar R, Lockwood WW. MET Exon 14 Splice-Site Mutations Preferentially Activate KRAS Signaling to Drive Tumourigenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061378. [PMID: 35326531 PMCID: PMC8946549 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary MET exon 14 splice-site mutations occur in ~3–4% of lung adenocarcinoma cases, defining a cohort of patients which might benefit from anti-MET targeted therapy. Such therapies have yielded mixed results, however, pointing to the need for better treatment design. Our study sought to aid this by characterizing key changes in mutant MET signaling behaviour. We first compared the transcriptional profiles of lung tumours with either METΔex14 or wild-type MET-amplification. METΔex14-mutant tumours exhibited increased activation of the Ras-MAPK pathway, consistent with our observations in an isogenic model system. Furthermore, sustained activity of this pathway is necessary for proliferation and maintenance of METΔex14 tumours, while forced reactivation of this pathway is sufficient to restore growth in the absence of MET activity. Our findings suggest that the MAPK pathway represents a main effector of METΔex14-driven cancer, lending credence to the possibility of combined MET-MAPK inhibition to improve therapeutic outcomes. Abstract Targeted therapies for MET exon 14-skipping (METΔex14)-driven lung cancers have generated some promising results but response rates remain below that seen for other kinase-driven cancers. One strategy for improving treatment outcomes is to employ rational combination therapies to enhance the suppression of tumour growth and delay or prevent the emergence of resistance. To this end, we profiled the transcriptomes of MET-addicted lung tumours and cell lines and identified the RAS-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway as a critical effector required for METΔex14-dependent growth. Ectopic expression of MET in an isogenic cell line model showed that overexpression of the mutant MET receptor led to higher levels of MAPK phosphorylation and nuclear import, resulting in increased expression and phosphorylation of nuclear MAPK targets. In comparison, other known MET effectors were unaffected. Inhibition of this pathway by KRAS knockdown in MET-addicted cells in vitro led to decreased viability in only the METΔex14-mutant cells. Conversely, decoupling RAS-MAPK axis, but not other effector pathways, from MET activity via the introduction of constitutively active mutants conferred resistance to MET inhibitors in vitro. Our results suggest that aberrant hyperactivity of the MET receptor caused by the exon 14-skipping mutation does not uniformly upregulate all known downstream effectors, rather gaining a predilection for aberrantly activating and subsequently relying on the RAS-MAPK pathway. These findings provide a rationale for the co-targeting of the RAS-MAPK pathway alongside MET to prolong therapeutic response and circumvent resistance to improve patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lu
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (D.L.); (A.N.); (J.L.C.); (Y.T.C.); (Q.M.)
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Amy Nagelberg
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (D.L.); (A.N.); (J.L.C.); (Y.T.C.); (Q.M.)
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada
| | - Justine LM Chow
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (D.L.); (A.N.); (J.L.C.); (Y.T.C.); (Q.M.)
| | - Yankuan T Chen
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (D.L.); (A.N.); (J.L.C.); (Y.T.C.); (Q.M.)
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Quentin Michalchuk
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (D.L.); (A.N.); (J.L.C.); (Y.T.C.); (Q.M.)
| | - Romel Somwar
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - William W. Lockwood
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada; (D.L.); (A.N.); (J.L.C.); (Y.T.C.); (Q.M.)
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z7, Canada
- Correspondence:
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16
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Soltan OM, Shoman ME, Abdel-Aziz SA, Narumi A, Konno H, Abdel-Aziz M. Molecular hybrids: A five-year survey on structures of multiple targeted hybrids of protein kinase inhibitors for cancer therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 225:113768. [PMID: 34450497 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinases have grown over the past few years as a crucial target for different cancer types. With the multifactorial nature of cancer, and the fast development of drug resistance for conventional chemotherapeutics, a strategy for designing multi-target agents was suggested to potentially increase drug efficacy, minimize side effects and retain the proper pharmacokinetic properties. Kinase inhibitors were used extensively in such strategy. Different kinase inhibitor agents which target EGFR, VEGFR, c-Met, CDK, PDK and other targets were merged into hybrids with conventional chemotherapeutics such as tubulin polymerization and topoisomerase inhibitors. Other hybrids were designed gathering kinase inhibitors with targeted cancer therapy such as HDAC, PARP, HSP 90 inhibitors. Nitric oxide donor molecules were also merged with kinase inhibitors for cancer therapy. The current review presents the hybrids designed in the past five years discussing their design principles, results and highlights their future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama M Soltan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Mai E Shoman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519, Minia, Egypt.
| | - Salah A Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, 61111, Minia, Egypt
| | - Atsushi Narumi
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, Jonan 4-3-16, Yonezawa, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Konno
- Department of Biological Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Jonan 4-3-16, Yonezawa, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519, Minia, Egypt.
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17
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Watroly MN, Sekar M, Fuloria S, Gan SH, Jeyabalan S, Wu YS, Subramaniyan V, Sathasivam KV, Ravi S, Mat Rani NNI, Lum PT, Vaijanathappa J, Meenakshi DU, Mani S, Fuloria NK. Chemistry, Biosynthesis, Physicochemical and Biological Properties of Rubiadin: A Promising Natural Anthraquinone for New Drug Discovery and Development. Drug Des Devel Ther 2021; 15:4527-4549. [PMID: 34764636 PMCID: PMC8576757 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s338548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthraquinones (AQs) are found in a variety of consumer products, including foods, nutritional supplements, drugs, and traditional medicines, and have a wide range of pharmacological actions. Rubiadin, a 1,3-dihydroxy-2-methyl anthraquinone, primarily originates from Rubia cordifolia Linn (Rubiaceae). It was first discovered in 1981 and has been reported for many biological activities. However, no review has been reported so far to create awareness about this molecule and its role in future drug discovery. Therefore, the present review aimed to provide comprehensive evidence of Rubiadin's phytochemistry, biosynthesis, physicochemical properties, biological properties and therapeutic potential. Relevant literature was gathered from numerous scientific databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Google Scholar between 1981 and up-to-date. The distribution of Rubiadin in numerous medicinal plants, as well as its method of isolation, synthesis, characterisation, physiochemical properties and possible biosynthesis pathways, was extensively covered in this review. Following a rigorous screening and tabulating, a thorough description of Rubiadin's biological properties was gathered, which were based on scientific evidences. Rubiadin fits all five of Lipinski's rule for drug-likeness properties. Then, the in depth physiochemical characteristics of Rubiadin were investigated. The simple technique for Rubiadin's isolation from R. cordifolia and the procedure of synthesis was described. Rubiadin is also biosynthesized via the polyketide and chorismate/o-succinylbenzoic acid pathways. Rubiadin is a powerful molecule with anticancer, antiosteoporotic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antioxidant, antibacterial, antimalarial, antifungal, and antiviral properties. The mechanism of action for the majority of the pharmacological actions reported, however, is unknown. In addition to this review, an in silico molecular docking study was performed against proteins with PDB IDs: 3AOX, 6OLX, 6OSP, and 6SDC to support the anticancer properties of Rubiadin. The toxicity profile, pharmacokinetics and possible structural modifications were also described. Rubiadin was also proven to have the highest binding affinity to the targeted proteins in an in silico study; thus, we believe it may be a potential anticancer molecule. In order to present Rubiadin as a novel candidate for future therapeutic development, advanced studies on preclinical, clinical trials, bioavailability, permeability and administration of safe doses are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Nasarudin Watroly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh, Perak, 30450, Malaysia
| | - Mahendran Sekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh, Perak, 30450, Malaysia
| | - Shivkanya Fuloria
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Centre of Excellence for Biomaterials Engineering, AIMST University, Kedah, 08100, Malaysia
| | - Siew Hua Gan
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Srikanth Jeyabalan
- Department of Pharmacology, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Pharmacy, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600116, India
| | - Yuan Seng Wu
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
| | | | - Kathiresan V Sathasivam
- Faculty of Applied Science & Centre of Excellence for Biomaterials Engineering, AIMST University, Kedah, 08100, Malaysia
| | - Subban Ravi
- Department of Chemistry, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 640 021, India
| | - Nur Najihah Izzati Mat Rani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh, Perak, 30450, Malaysia
| | - Pei Teng Lum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh, Perak, 30450, Malaysia
| | - Jaishree Vaijanathappa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research Mauritius, Vacoas, Mauritius
| | | | - Shankar Mani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sri Adichunchanagiri College of Pharmacy, Adichunchanagiri University, Mandya, Karnataka, 571418, India
| | - Neeraj Kumar Fuloria
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Centre of Excellence for Biomaterials Engineering, AIMST University, Kedah, 08100, Malaysia
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluations of a series of Pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidinone derivatives as novel selective FGFR inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 220:113499. [PMID: 33940465 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant signaling of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) has been identified as a driver of tumorigenesis and the development of many solid tumors, making FGFRs a compelling target for anticancer therapy. Herein, we describe the design and synthesis of pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidinone derivatives as potent FGFR inhibitors. Examination of structure-activity relationships and preliminary assessment identified 23d as a novel FGFR inhibitor that displayed excellent potency in vitro. Candidate 23d suppressed the phosphorylation of FGFR signaling pathways and induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis at low nanomolar concentration. In the kinase inhibition profile, 23d showed excellent kinase selectivity for the FGFR family. Furthermore, 23d showed higher aqueous solubility than Erdafitinib. Moreover, 23d exhibited potent antitumor activity (tumor growth inhibition = 106.4%) in FGFR2-amplified SNU-16 gastric cancer xenograft model using a daily oral dose of 30 mg/kg. These results suggest that 23d is a promising candidate for further drug development.
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19
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Resistance to Molecularly Targeted Therapies in Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051115. [PMID: 33807778 PMCID: PMC7961479 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive type of skin cancer with invasive growth patterns. In 2021, 106,110 patients are projected to be diagnosed with melanoma, out of which 7180 are expected to die. Traditional methods like surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy are not effective in the treatment of metastatic and advanced melanoma. Recent approaches to treat melanoma have focused on biomarkers that play significant roles in cell growth, proliferation, migration, and survival. Several FDA-approved molecular targeted therapies such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been developed against genetic biomarkers whose overexpression is implicated in tumorigenesis. The use of targeted therapies as an alternative or supplement to immunotherapy has revolutionized the management of metastatic melanoma. Although this treatment strategy is more efficacious and less toxic in comparison to traditional therapies, targeted therapies are less effective after prolonged treatment due to acquired resistance caused by mutations and activation of alternative mechanisms in melanoma tumors. Recent studies focus on understanding the mechanisms of acquired resistance to these current therapies. Further research is needed for the development of better approaches to improve prognosis in melanoma patients. In this article, various melanoma biomarkers including BRAF, MEK, RAS, c-KIT, VEGFR, c-MET and PI3K are described, and their potential mechanisms for drug resistance are discussed.
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20
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Sahota T, Dota CD, Vik T, Yan W, Verheijen RB, Walker S, Li Y, Goldwater R, Ghiorghiu D, Mellemgaard A, Ahmed GF. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo- and Positive-Controlled, Three-Way Crossover Study in Healthy Participants to Investigate the Effect of Savolitinib on the QTc Interval. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2021; 10:521-534. [PMID: 33400845 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Savolitinib (AZD6094, HMPL-504, volitinib) is an oral, bioavailable, selective MET-tyrosine kinase inhibitor. This randomized, double-blind, 3-way, crossover phase 1 study of savolitinib versus moxifloxacin (positive control) and placebo-evaluated effects on the QT interval after a single savolitinib dose. Healthy non-Japanese men were randomized to 1 of 6 treatment sequences, receiving single doses of savolitinib 600 mg, moxifloxacin 400 mg, and placebo. The primary end point was time-matched, placebo-adjusted change from baseline in the QT interval corrected for the time between corresponding points on 2 consecutive R waves on electrocardiogram (RR) by the Fridericia formula (ΔΔQTcF). Secondary end points included 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) variables, pharmacokinetics, and safety. All 3 treatment periods were completed by 44 of 45 participants (98%). Baseline demographics were balanced across treatment groups. After a single savolitinib 600-mg dose, the highest least-squares mean ΔΔQTcF of 12 milliseconds was observed 5 hours postdose. Upper limits of the 2-sided 90% confidence interval for ΔΔQTcF exceeded 10 milliseconds (the prespecified International Council for Harmonisation limit) 3-6 hours postsavolitinib but otherwise remained less than the threshold. Savolitinib showed no additional effect on PR, QRS, QT, or RR intervals. A positive ΔΔQTcF signal from the moxifloxacin group confirmed study validity. Savolitinib was well tolerated, with a low incidence of adverse events. In this thorough QT/QTc study, QTcF prolongation was observed with a single savolitinib 600-mg dose. ECG monitoring will be implemented in ongoing and future studies of savolitinib to assess the clinical relevance of the observed QT changes from this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarjinder Sahota
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Corina D Dota
- Cardiovascular Safety Centre of Excellence, R&D Oncology, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Vik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallands Sjukhus Varberg, Varberg, Sweden
| | - Weili Yan
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Stephen Walker
- Development Operations, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Global Medicines Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yan Li
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ghada F Ahmed
- Formerly, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
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21
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Pudelko L, Jaehrling F, Reusch C, Vitri S, Stroh C, Linde N, Sanderson MP, Musch D, Lebrun CJ, Keil M, Esdar C, Blaukat A, Rosell R, Schumacher KM, Karachaliou N. SHP2 Inhibition Influences Therapeutic Response to Tepotinib in Tumors with MET Alterations. iScience 2020; 23:101832. [PMID: 33305187 PMCID: PMC7718487 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tepotinib is an oral MET inhibitor approved for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring MET exon 14 (METex14) skipping mutations. Examining treatment-naive or tepotinib-resistant cells with MET amplification or METex14 skipping mutations identifies other receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) that co-exist in cells prior to tepotinib exposure and become more prominent upon tepotinib resistance. In a small cohort of patients with lung cancer with MET genetic alterations treated with tepotinib, gene copy number gains of other RTKs were found at baseline and affected treatment outcome. An Src homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase 2 (SHP2) inhibitor delayed the emergence of tepotinib resistance and synergized with tepotinib in treatment-naive and tepotinib-resistant cells as well as in xenograft models. Alternative signaling pathways potentially diminish the effect of tepotinib monotherapy, and the combination of tepotinib with an SHP2 inhibitor enables the control of tumor growth in cells with MET genetic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Pudelko
- Translational Innovation Platform Oncology, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt 64293, Germany
| | - Frank Jaehrling
- Translational Innovation Platform Oncology, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt 64293, Germany
| | - Christof Reusch
- Translational Innovation Platform Oncology, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt 64293, Germany
| | - Sanziago Vitri
- Rosell Oncology Institute (IOR), Dexeus University Hospital, QuironSalud Group, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christopher Stroh
- Translational Innovation Platform Oncology, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt 64293, Germany
| | - Nina Linde
- Translational Innovation Platform Oncology, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt 64293, Germany
| | - Michael P. Sanderson
- Translational Innovation Platform Oncology, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt 64293, Germany
| | - Doreen Musch
- Translational Innovation Platform Oncology, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt 64293, Germany
| | | | - Marina Keil
- Translational Innovation Platform Oncology, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt 64293, Germany
| | - Christina Esdar
- Translational Innovation Platform Oncology, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt 64293, Germany
| | - Andree Blaukat
- Translational Innovation Platform Oncology, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt 64293, Germany
| | - Rafael Rosell
- Rosell Oncology Institute (IOR), Dexeus University Hospital, QuironSalud Group, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute and Hospital (IGTP), Molecular and Cellular Oncology Laboratory, Badalona 08916, Spain
- Pangaea Oncology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Quirón-Dexeus University Institute, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona 08916, Spain
| | | | - Niki Karachaliou
- Translational Innovation Platform Oncology, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt 64293, Germany
- Global Clinical Development, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt 64293, Germany
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22
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Zhang Q, Xu G, Bao Y, Jiao M, Li J. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Dual c-Met/HDAC Inhibitors Bearing 2-Aminopyrimidine Scaffold. PHARMACEUTICAL FRONTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1722543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractA series of c-Met/histone deacetylase (HDAC) bifunctional inhibitors was designed and synthesized by merging pharmacophores of c-Met and HDAC inhibitors. Among them, the most potent compound, 2o, inhibited c-Met kinase and HDACs, with IC50 values of 9.0 and 31.6 nM, respectively, and showed efficient antiproliferative activities against both A549 and HCT-116 cancer cell lines with greater potency than an equimolar mixture of the respective inhibitors of the two enzymes: crizotinib and vorinostat (SAHA). Our study provided an efficient strategy for the discovery of multitargeted antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwei Zhang
- Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Guili Xu
- Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ya Bao
- Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Minru Jiao
- Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jianqi Li
- Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, P. R. China
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23
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Zhang Q, Xu G, Bao Y, Jiao M, Li J. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Dual c-Met/HDAC Inhibitors Bearing 2-Aminopyrimidine Scaffold. PHARMACEUTICAL FRONTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1719162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qingwei Zhang
- Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Guili Xu
- Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, PR China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ya Bao
- Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, PR China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Minru Jiao
- Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jianqi Li
- Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, PR China
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24
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Dong Y, Hu H, Sun Y, Qin M, Gong P, Hou Y, Zhao Y. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel c-Met/HDAC dual inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127610. [PMID: 33045329 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this work three novel series of c-Met/HDAC bifunctional inhibitors were designed and synthesized by merging pharmacophores of c-Met and HDAC inhibitors. The most potent compound 11j inhibited c-Met kinase and HDAC1 with IC50 values of 21.44 and 45.22 nM, respectively. In addition, 11j showed efficient antiproliferative activities against both MCF-7 and A549 cells with greater potency than the reference drug SAHA and Cabozantinib. This work may lay the foundation for developing novel dual c-Met/HDAC inhibitors as potential anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Dong
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Hao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Yuwei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Mingze Qin
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Ping Gong
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Yunlei Hou
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
| | - Yanfang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
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25
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Discovery of Novel c-Mesenchymal-Epithelia transition factor and histone deacetylase dual inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 204:112651. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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26
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Piper-Vallillo AJ, Halbert BT, Rangachari D, Kobayashi SS, Costa DB. Acquired Resistance to Osimertinib Plus Savolitinib Is Mediated by MET-D1228 and MET-Y1230 Mutations in EGFR-Mutated MET-Amplified Lung Cancer. JTO Clin Res Rep 2020; 1:100071. [PMID: 33225315 PMCID: PMC7305494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtocrr.2020.100071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Piper-Vallillo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Brian T. Halbert
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Deepa Rangachari
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Susumu S. Kobayashi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Translational Genomics, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Daniel B. Costa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Corresponding author. Address for correspondence: Daniel B. Costa, MD, PhD, Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215.
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27
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The c-MET oncoprotein: Function, mechanisms of degradation and its targeting by novel anti-cancer agents. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129650. [PMID: 32522525 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The c-MET oncoprotein drives cancer progression in a variety of tumors through its signaling transduction pathways. This oncoprotein is also degraded by multiple mechanisms involving the lysosome, proteasome and cleavage by proteases. Targeting c-MET degradation pathways may result in effective therapeutic strategies. SCOPE OF REVIEW Since the discovery of oncogenic functions of c-MET, there has been a great deal of effort to develop anti-cancer drugs targeting this oncoprotein. Unexpectedly, novel di-2-pyridylketone thiosemicarbazones that demonstrate marked anti-tumor activity, down-regulate c-MET through their ability to bind intracellular iron and via mechanisms including, down-regulation of MET mRNA, enhanced lysosomal processing and increased metalloprotease-mediated cleavage. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The c-MET oncoprotein regulation and degradation pathways are complex. However, with increasing understanding of its degradation mechanisms, there is also greater opportunities to therapeutically target these pathways. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Understanding the mechanisms of degradation of c-MET protein and its regulation could lead to novel therapeutics.
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28
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Xie YH, Chen YX, Fang JY. Comprehensive review of targeted therapy for colorectal cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:22. [PMID: 32296018 PMCID: PMC7082344 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0116-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 765] [Impact Index Per Article: 191.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most lethal and prevalent malignancies in the world and was responsible for nearly 881,000 cancer-related deaths in 2018. Surgery and chemotherapy have long been the first choices for cancer patients. However, the prognosis of CRC has never been satisfying, especially for patients with metastatic lesions. Targeted therapy is a new optional approach that has successfully prolonged overall survival for CRC patients. Following successes with the anti-EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) agent cetuximab and the anti-angiogenesis agent bevacizumab, new agents blocking different critical pathways as well as immune checkpoints are emerging at an unprecedented rate. Guidelines worldwide are currently updating the recommended targeted drugs on the basis of the increasing number of high-quality clinical trials. This review provides an overview of existing CRC-targeted agents and their underlying mechanisms, as well as a discussion of their limitations and future trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Hong Xie
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 145 Middle Shandong Road, 200001, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Xuan Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 145 Middle Shandong Road, 200001, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jing-Yuan Fang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 145 Middle Shandong Road, 200001, Shanghai, China.
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29
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Buttitta F, Felicioni L, Lorito AD, Cortellini A, Irtelli L, Brocco D, Marino PD, Traisci D, D'Ostilio N, Paolo AD, Malorgio F, Assalone P, Felice SD, Fabbri F, Cianci G, Tursi MD, Marchetti A. Early prediction of resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors by plasma monitoring of EGFR mutations in NSCLC: a new algorithm for patient selection and personalized treatment. Oncotarget 2020; 11:982-991. [PMID: 32215186 PMCID: PMC7082112 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with Tyrosine Kinase-Inhibitors (TKIs) therapy, the emergence of acquired resistance can be investigated by plasma monitoring of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). A series of 116 patients with EGFR-positive lung adenocarcinomas were treated with first/second generation EGFR TKIs. At clinical progression, 64 (55%) EGFR T790M plasma positive patients were subjected to second line-treatment with osimertinib and strictly monitored during the first month of therapy. Plasma analysis by the EGFR Cobas test showed in 57 (89%) cases a substantial decrease in the levels of the sensitizing EGFR mutant allele (sEGFRma), down to a not detectable value. These patients were defined as plasmatic good responders (PGR). In 7 (11%) patients, the sEGFRma did not drop to zero (plasmatic poor responders, PPR). In these latter cases, Massive Parallel Sequencing (MPS) analysis at the end of the first month and at clinical progression showed the presence of resistant-inducing mutations, including MET and HER2 gene amplification, KRAS and PIK3CA gene mutations. PPR showed disease progression in 5 (71%) cases, stable disease in 2 (29%) cases, and a shorter median Progression-free survival (PFS) (4.3 ± 1.1 months) than that observed in PGR (13.3 ± 1.2 months) (P < 0.0001). Our data indicate that plasma monitoring by a simple RT-PCR-based EGFR mutation test in the first month of treatment may be useful for a rapid identification of patients to be subjected to further characterization by MPS. A diagnostic algorithm for an early detection of resistance-inducing mutations and patient management is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiamma Buttitta
- Laboratory of Diagnostic Molecular Oncology, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Pathology, SS Annunziata Clinical Hospital, Chieti, Italy
| | - Lara Felicioni
- Department of Pathology, SS Annunziata Clinical Hospital, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessia Di Lorito
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Luciana Irtelli
- Department of Oncology, SS Annunziata Clinical Hospital, Chieti, Italy
| | - Davide Brocco
- Department of Oncology, SS Annunziata Clinical Hospital, Chieti, Italy
| | - Pietro Di Marino
- Department of Oncology, SS Annunziata Clinical Hospital, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Nicola D'Ostilio
- Department of Oncology, Floraspe Renzetti Hospital, Lanciano, Italy
| | | | | | - Pasquale Assalone
- Department of Oncology, "S.S. Giovanni Paolo II" Veneziale Hospital, Isernia, Italy
| | - Sonia Di Felice
- Department of Oncology, Giuseppe Mazzini Hospital, Teramo, Italy
| | - Francesca Fabbri
- Department of Oncology, Giuseppe Mazzini Hospital, Teramo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cianci
- Department of Oncology, Giuseppe Mazzini Hospital, Teramo, Italy
| | - Michele De Tursi
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Oncology, SS Annunziata Clinical Hospital, Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonio Marchetti
- Laboratory of Diagnostic Molecular Oncology, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Pathology, SS Annunziata Clinical Hospital, Chieti, Italy
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