1
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Lin K, Li Y, Ghorbani-Asl M, Sofer Z, Winnerl S, Erbe A, Krasheninnikov AV, Helm M, Zhou S, Dan Y, Prucnal S. Probing the Band Splitting near the Γ Point in the van der Waals Magnetic Semiconductor CrSBr. J Phys Chem Lett 2024:6010-6016. [PMID: 38814350 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the electronic band structure of chromium sulfur bromide (CrSBr) through comprehensive photoluminescence (PL) characterization. We clearly identify low-temperature optical transitions between two closely adjacent conduction-band states and two different valence-band states. The analysis on the PL data robustly unveils energy splittings, band gaps, and excitonic transitions across different thicknesses of CrSBr, from monolayer to bulk. Temperature-dependent PL measurements elucidate the stability of the band splitting below the Néel temperature, suggesting that magnons coupled with excitons are responsible for the symmetry breaking and brightening of the transitions from the secondary conduction band minimum (CBM2) to the global valence band maximum (VBM1). Collectively, these results not only reveal splitting in both the conduction and valence bands but also highlight a significant advance in our understanding of the interplay between the optical, electronic, and magnetic properties of antiferromagnetic two-dimensional van der Waals crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiman Lin
- University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 20024 Shanghai, P. R. China
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yi Li
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mahdi Ghorbani-Asl
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Zdenek Sofer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Stephan Winnerl
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Artur Erbe
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Arkady V Krasheninnikov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Manfred Helm
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Shengqiang Zhou
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yaping Dan
- University of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 20024 Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Slawomir Prucnal
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
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2
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Mosina K, Wu B, Antonatos N, Luxa J, Mazánek V, Söll A, Sedmidubsky D, Klein J, Ross FM, Sofer Z. Electrochemical Intercalation and Exfoliation of CrSBr into Ferromagnetic Fibers and Nanoribbons. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2300609. [PMID: 38158388 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies dedicated to layered van der Waals crystals have attracted significant attention to magnetic atomically thin crystals offering unprecedented opportunities for applications in innovative magnetoelectric, magneto-optic, and spintronic devices. The active search for original platforms for the low-dimensional magnetism study has emphasized the entirely new magnetic properties of two dimensional (2D) semiconductor CrSBr. Herein, for the first time, the electrochemical exfoliation of bulk CrSBr in a non-aqueous environment is demonstrated. Notably, crystal cleavage governed by the structural anisotropy occurred along two directions forming atomically thin and few-layered nanoribbons. The exfoliated material possesses an orthorhombic crystalline structure and strong optical anisotropy, showing the polarization dependencies of Raman signals. The antiferromagnetism exhibited by multilayered CrSBr gives precedence to ferromagnetic ordering in the revealed CrSBr nanostructures. Furthermore, the potential application of CrSBr nanoribbons is pioneered for electrochemical photodetector fabrication and demonstrates its responsivity up to 30 µA cm-2 in the visible spectrum. Moreover, the CrSBr-based anode for lithium-ion batteries exhibited high performance and self-improving abilities. This anticipates that the results will pave the way toward the future study of CrSBr and practical applications in magneto- and optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kseniia Mosina
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Bing Wu
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Nikolas Antonatos
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Luxa
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Vlastimil Mazánek
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Aljoscha Söll
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - David Sedmidubsky
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Julian Klein
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Frances M Ross
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Zdeněk Sofer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
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3
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Canetta A, Volosheniuk S, Satheesh S, Alvarinhas Batista JP, Castellano A, Conte R, Chica DG, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Roy X, van der Zant HSJ, Burghard M, Verstraete MJ, Gehring P. Impact of Spin-Entropy on the Thermoelectric Properties of a 2D Magnet. NANO LETTERS 2024. [PMID: 38652810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Heat-to-charge conversion efficiency of thermoelectric materials is closely linked to the entropy per charge carrier. Thus, magnetic materials are promising building blocks for highly efficient energy harvesters as their carrier entropy is boosted by a spin degree of freedom. In this work, we investigate how this spin-entropy impacts heat-to-charge conversion in the A-type antiferromagnet CrSBr. We perform simultaneous measurements of electrical conductance and thermocurrent while changing magnetic order using the temperature and magnetic field as tuning parameters. We find a strong enhancement of the thermoelectric power factor at around the Néel temperature. We further reveal that the power factor at low temperatures can be increased by up to 600% upon applying a magnetic field. Our results demonstrate that the thermoelectric properties of 2D magnets can be optimized by exploiting the sizable impact of spin-entropy and confirm thermoelectric measurements as a sensitive tool to investigate subtle magnetic phase transitions in low-dimensional magnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Canetta
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Serhii Volosheniuk
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Sayooj Satheesh
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Aloïs Castellano
- Nanomat/Q-MAT/ and European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility, Université de Liège, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Riccardo Conte
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel George Chica
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Herre S J van der Zant
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Marko Burghard
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Matthieu Jean Verstraete
- Nanomat/Q-MAT/ and European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility, Université de Liège, B-4000, Liège, Belgium
- ITP, Physics Department, Utrecht University, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal Gehring
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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4
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Ziebel ME, Feuer ML, Cox J, Zhu X, Dean CR, Roy X. CrSBr: An Air-Stable, Two-Dimensional Magnetic Semiconductor. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:4319-4329. [PMID: 38567828 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
The discovery of magnetic order at the 2D limit has sparked new exploration of van der Waals magnets for potential use in spintronics, magnonics, and quantum information applications. However, many of these materials feature low magnetic ordering temperatures and poor air stability, limiting their fabrication into practical devices. In this Mini-Review, we present a promising material for fundamental studies and functional use: CrSBr, an air-stable, two-dimensional magnetic semiconductor. Our discussion highlights experimental research on bulk CrSBr, including quasi-1D semiconducting properties, A-type antiferromagnetic order (TN = 132 K), and strong coupling between its electronic and magnetic properties. We then discuss the behavior of monolayer and few-layer flakes and present a perspective on promising avenues for further studies on CrSBr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Ziebel
- Columbia University, Department of Chemistry, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Margalit L Feuer
- Columbia University, Department of Chemistry, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Jordan Cox
- Columbia University, Department of Chemistry, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xiaoyang Zhu
- Columbia University, Department of Chemistry, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Cory R Dean
- Columbia University, Department of Physics, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xavier Roy
- Columbia University, Department of Chemistry, New York, New York 10027, United States
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5
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Meineke C, Schlosser J, Zizlsperger M, Liebich M, Nilforoushan N, Mosina K, Terres S, Chernikov A, Sofer Z, Huber MA, Florian M, Kira M, Dirnberger F, Huber R. Ultrafast Exciton Dynamics in the Atomically Thin van der Waals Magnet CrSBr. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:4101-4107. [PMID: 38507732 PMCID: PMC11010225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c05010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Among atomically thin semiconductors, CrSBr stands out as both its bulk and monolayer forms host tightly bound, quasi-one-dimensional excitons in a magnetic environment. Despite its pivotal importance for solid-state research, the exciton lifetime has remained unknown. While terahertz polarization probing can directly trace all excitons, independently of interband selection rules, the corresponding large far-field foci substantially exceed the lateral sample dimensions. Here, we combine terahertz polarization spectroscopy with near-field microscopy to reveal a femtosecond decay of paramagnetic excitons in a monolayer of CrSBr, which is 30 times shorter than the bulk lifetime. We unveil low-energy fingerprints of bound and unbound electron-hole pairs in bulk CrSBr and extract the nonequilibrium dielectric function of the monolayer in a model-free manner. Our results demonstrate the first direct access to the ultrafast dielectric response of quasi-one-dimensional excitons in CrSBr, potentially advancing the development of quantum devices based on ultrathin van der Waals magnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Meineke
- Department
of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Schlosser
- Department
of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martin Zizlsperger
- Department
of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marlene Liebich
- Department
of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Niloufar Nilforoushan
- Department
of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kseniia Mosina
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry
and Technology Prague, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Sophia Terres
- Institute
of Applied Physics and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence, Dresden University of Technology, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexey Chernikov
- Institute
of Applied Physics and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence, Dresden University of Technology, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Zdenek Sofer
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry
and Technology Prague, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Markus A. Huber
- Department
of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Florian
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Mackillo Kira
- Department
of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Florian Dirnberger
- Institute
of Applied Physics and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence, Dresden University of Technology, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Rupert Huber
- Department
of Physics and Regensburg Center for Ultrafast Nanoscopy (RUN), University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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6
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Lin K, Sun X, Dirnberger F, Li Y, Qu J, Wen P, Sofer Z, Söll A, Winnerl S, Helm M, Zhou S, Dan Y, Prucnal S. Strong Exciton-Phonon Coupling as a Fingerprint of Magnetic Ordering in van der Waals Layered CrSBr. ACS NANO 2024; 18:2898-2905. [PMID: 38240736 PMCID: PMC10832030 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
The layered, air-stable van der Waals antiferromagnetic compound CrSBr exhibits pronounced coupling among its optical, electronic, and magnetic properties. As an example, exciton dynamics can be significantly influenced by lattice vibrations through exciton-phonon coupling. Using low-temperature photoluminescence spectroscopy, we demonstrate the effective coupling between excitons and phonons in nanometer-thick CrSBr. By careful analysis, we identify that the satellite peaks predominantly arise from the interaction between the exciton and an optical phonon with a frequency of 118 cm-1 (∼14.6 meV) due to the out-of-plane vibration of Br atoms. Power-dependent and temperature-dependent photoluminescence measurements support exciton-phonon coupling and indicate a coupling between magnetic and optical properties, suggesting the possibility of carrier localization in the material. The presence of strong coupling between the exciton and the lattice may have important implications for the design of light-matter interactions in magnetic semiconductors and provide insights into the exciton dynamics in CrSBr. This highlights the potential for exploiting exciton-phonon coupling to control the optical properties of layered antiferromagnetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiman Lin
- University
of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, 20024 Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Institute
of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Xiaoxiao Sun
- Institute
of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Florian Dirnberger
- Institute
of Applied Physics and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence
ct.qmat, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yi Li
- Institute
of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Technische
Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jiang Qu
- Leibniz
Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Peiting Wen
- Institute
of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Technische
Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Zdenek Sofer
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry
and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Aljoscha Söll
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry
and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Stephan Winnerl
- Institute
of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Manfred Helm
- Institute
of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Technische
Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Shengqiang Zhou
- Institute
of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yaping Dan
- University
of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, 20024 Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Slawomir Prucnal
- Institute
of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
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7
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Panda J, Sahu S, Haider G, Thakur MK, Mosina K, Velický M, Vejpravova J, Sofer Z, Kalbáč M. Polarization-Resolved Position-Sensitive Self-Powered Binary Photodetection in Multilayer Janus CrSBr. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:1033-1043. [PMID: 38147583 PMCID: PMC10788859 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in polarization-resolved photodetection based on low-symmetry 2D materials has formed the basis of cutting-edge optoelectronic devices, including quantum optical communication, 3D image processing, and sensing applications. Here, we report an optical polarization-resolving photodetector (PD) fabricated from multilayer semiconducting CrSBr single crystals with high structural anisotropy. We have demonstrated self-powered photodetection due to the formation of Schottky junctions at the Au-CrSBr interfaces, which also caused the photocurrent to display a position-sensitive and binary nature. The self-biased CrSBr PD showed a photoresponsivity of ∼0.26 mA/W with a detectivity of 3.4 × 108 Jones at 514 nm excitation of fluency (0.42 mW/cm2) under ambient conditions. The optical polarization-induced photoresponse exhibits a large dichroic ratio of 3.4, while the polarization is set along the a- and the b-axes of single-crystalline CrSBr. The PD also showed excellent stability, retaining >95% of the initial photoresponsivity in ambient conditions for more than five months without encapsulation. Thus, we demonstrate CrSBr as a fascinating material for ultralow-powered optical polarization-resolving optoelectronic devices for cutting-edge technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaganandha Panda
- J.
Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Dolejskova 3, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Satyam Sahu
- J.
Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Dolejskova 3, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
- Department
of Biophysics, Chemical and Macromolecular Physics, Faculty of Mathematics
and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 3, 121 16 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Golam Haider
- J.
Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Dolejskova 3, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Mukesh Kumar Thakur
- J.
Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Dolejskova 3, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Kseniia Mosina
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry
and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Matěj Velický
- J.
Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Dolejskova 3, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Vejpravova
- Department
of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Sofer
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry
and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kalbáč
- J.
Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Dolejskova 3, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
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8
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Ruta FL, Zhang S, Shao Y, Moore SL, Acharya S, Sun Z, Qiu S, Geurs J, Kim BSY, Fu M, Chica DG, Pashov D, Xu X, Xiao D, Delor M, Zhu XY, Millis AJ, Roy X, Hone JC, Dean CR, Katsnelson MI, van Schilfgaarde M, Basov DN. Hyperbolic exciton polaritons in a van der Waals magnet. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8261. [PMID: 38086835 PMCID: PMC10716151 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44100-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Exciton polaritons are quasiparticles of photons coupled strongly to bound electron-hole pairs, manifesting as an anti-crossing light dispersion near an exciton resonance. Highly anisotropic semiconductors with opposite-signed permittivities along different crystal axes are predicted to host exotic modes inside the anti-crossing called hyperbolic exciton polaritons (HEPs), which confine light subdiffractionally with enhanced density of states. Here, we show observational evidence of steady-state HEPs in the van der Waals magnet chromium sulfide bromide (CrSBr) using a cryogenic near-infrared near-field microscope. At low temperatures, in the magnetically-ordered state, anisotropic exciton resonances sharpen, driving the permittivity negative along one crystal axis and enabling HEP propagation. We characterize HEP momentum and losses in CrSBr, also demonstrating coupling to excitonic sidebands and enhancement by magnetic order: which boosts exciton spectral weight via wavefunction delocalization. Our findings open new pathways to nanoscale manipulation of excitons and light, including routes to magnetic, nonlocal, and quantum polaritonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco L Ruta
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Yinming Shao
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samuel L Moore
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Zhiyuan Sun
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Siyuan Qiu
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Johannes Geurs
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Columbia Nano Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian S Y Kim
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Fu
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel G Chica
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dimitar Pashov
- Theory and Simulation of Condensed Matter, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Di Xiao
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Milan Delor
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - X-Y Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew J Millis
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - James C Hone
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cory R Dean
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mikhail I Katsnelson
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - D N Basov
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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9
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Serati de Brito C, Faria Junior PE, Ghiasi TS, Ingla-Aynés J, Rabahi CR, Cavalini C, Dirnberger F, Mañas-Valero S, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Zollner K, Fabian J, Schüller C, van der Zant HSJ, Gobato YG. Charge Transfer and Asymmetric Coupling of MoSe 2 Valleys to the Magnetic Order of CrSBr. NANO LETTERS 2023. [PMID: 38019289 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
van der Waals heterostructures composed of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides and vdW magnetic materials offer an intriguing platform to functionalize valley and excitonic properties in nonmagnetic TMDs. Here, we report magneto photoluminescence (PL) investigations of monolayer (ML) MoSe2 on the layered A-type antiferromagnetic (AFM) semiconductor CrSBr under different magnetic field orientations. Our results reveal a clear influence of the CrSBr magnetic order on the optical properties of MoSe2, such as an anomalous linear-polarization dependence, changes of the exciton/trion energies, a magnetic-field dependence of the PL intensities, and a valley g-factor with signatures of an asymmetric magnetic proximity interaction. Furthermore, first-principles calculations suggest that MoSe2/CrSBr forms a broken-gap (type-III) band alignment, facilitating charge transfer processes. The work establishes that antiferromagnetic-nonmagnetic interfaces can be used to control the valley and excitonic properties of TMDs, relevant for the development of opto-spintronics devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caique Serati de Brito
- Physics Department, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universität Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Paulo E Faria Junior
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Talieh S Ghiasi
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Josep Ingla-Aynés
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - César Ricardo Rabahi
- Physics Department, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Camila Cavalini
- Physics Department, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Florian Dirnberger
- Institute of Applied Physics and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Technische Universität, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Samuel Mañas-Valero
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, Catedrático José Beltrán 2, Paterna 46980, Spain
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Klaus Zollner
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jaroslav Fabian
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian Schüller
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Universität Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Herre S J van der Zant
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Yara Galvão Gobato
- Physics Department, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
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10
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Xie K, Zhang XW, Xiao D, Cao T. Engineering Magnetic Phases of Layered Antiferromagnets by Interfacial Charge Transfer. ACS NANO 2023; 17:22684-22690. [PMID: 37961983 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Van der Waals heterostructures composed of distinct layered materials can display behaviors entirely different from those of each individual layer due to interfacial coupling. Here we investigate the manipulation of magnetic phases in two-dimensional magnets through interfacial charge transfer in heterostructures of magnetic and nonmagnetic layers. This is demonstrated by first-principles calculations, which unveil a transition toward the ferromagnetic phase by stacking antiferromagnetic bilayer CrSBr on graphene. Using an effective model consisting of two electronically coupled single layers, we show that the antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic magnetic phase transition occurs due to interfacial charge transfer, which enhances ferromagnetism. We further reveal that the magnetic phase transition can also be induced by electron and hole carriers and demonstrate that the phase transition is a spin-canting process. This allows for precise gate-control of noncollinear magnetism on demand. Our work predicts interfacial charge transfer as a potent mechanism to tune magnetic phases in van der Waals heterostructures and creates opportunities for spintronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaichen Xie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Xiao-Wei Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Di Xiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Ting Cao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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11
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Lubert-Perquel D, Acharya S, Johnson JC. Optically Addressing Exciton Spin and Pseudospin in Nanomaterials for Spintronics Applications. ACS APPLIED OPTICAL MATERIALS 2023; 1:1742-1760. [PMID: 38037653 PMCID: PMC10683369 DOI: 10.1021/acsaom.3c00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Oriented exciton spins that can be generated and manipulated optically are of interest for a range of applications, including spintronics, quantum information science, and neuromorphic computing architectures. Although materials that host such excitons often lack practical coherence times for use on their own, strategic transduction of the magnetic information across interfaces can combine fast modulation with longer-term storage and readout. Several nanostructure systems have been put forward due to their interesting magneto-optical properties and their possible manipulation using circularly polarized light. These material systems are presented here, namely two-dimensional (2D) systems due to the unique spin-valley coupling properties and quantum dots for their exciton fine structure. 2D magnets are also discussed for their anisotropic spin behavior and extensive 2D magnetic states that are not yet fully understood but could pave the way for emergent techniques of magnetic control. This review also details the experimental and theoretical tools to measure and understand these systems along with a discussion on the progress of optical manipulation of spins and magnetic order transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphné Lubert-Perquel
- Materials, Chemical, and
Computational Science Directorate, National
Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Swagata Acharya
- Materials, Chemical, and
Computational Science Directorate, National
Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Justin C. Johnson
- Materials, Chemical, and
Computational Science Directorate, National
Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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12
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Pawbake A, Pelini T, Mohelsky I, Jana D, Breslavetz I, Cho CW, Orlita M, Potemski M, Measson MA, Wilson NP, Mosina K, Soll A, Sofer Z, Piot BA, Zhitomirsky ME, Faugeras C. Magneto-Optical Sensing of the Pressure Driven Magnetic Ground States in Bulk CrSBr. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:9587-9593. [PMID: 37823538 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Competition between exchange interactions and magnetocrystalline anisotropy may bring new magnetic states that are of great current interest. An applied hydrostatic pressure can further be used to tune their balance. In this work, we investigate the magnetization process of a biaxial antiferromagnet in an external magnetic field applied along the easy axis. We find that the single metamagnetic transition of the Ising type observed in this material under ambient pressure transforms under hydrostatic pressure into two transitions, a first-order spin-flop transition followed by a second-order transition toward a polarized ferromagnetic state near saturation. This reversible tuning into a new magnetic phase is obtained in layered bulk CrSBr at low temperature by varying the interlayer distance using high hydrostatic pressure, which efficiently acts on the interlayer magnetic exchange and is probed by magneto-optical spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Pawbake
- LNCMI, UPR 3228, CNRS, EMFL, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Thomas Pelini
- LNCMI, UPR 3228, CNRS, EMFL, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Ivan Mohelsky
- LNCMI, UPR 3228, CNRS, EMFL, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Dipankar Jana
- LNCMI, UPR 3228, CNRS, EMFL, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Ivan Breslavetz
- LNCMI, UPR 3228, CNRS, EMFL, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Chang-Woo Cho
- LNCMI, UPR 3228, CNRS, EMFL, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Milan Orlita
- LNCMI, UPR 3228, CNRS, EMFL, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Marek Potemski
- LNCMI, UPR 3228, CNRS, EMFL, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
- CENTERA Laboratories, Institute of High Pressure Physics, PAS, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Nathan P Wilson
- Walter Schottky Institut, Physics Department and MCQST, Technische Universitat Munchen, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Kseniia Mosina
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Aljoscha Soll
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Sofer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Benjamin A Piot
- LNCMI, UPR 3228, CNRS, EMFL, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Mike E Zhitomirsky
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Grenoble INP, IRIG, Pheliqs, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Institut Laue-Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Clement Faugeras
- LNCMI, UPR 3228, CNRS, EMFL, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
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13
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Long F, Ghorbani-Asl M, Mosina K, Li Y, Lin K, Ganss F, Hübner R, Sofer Z, Dirnberger F, Kamra A, Krasheninnikov AV, Prucnal S, Helm M, Zhou S. Ferromagnetic Interlayer Coupling in CrSBr Crystals Irradiated by Ions. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:8468-8473. [PMID: 37669544 PMCID: PMC10540254 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Layered magnetic materials are becoming a major platform for future spin-based applications. Particularly, the air-stable van der Waals compound CrSBr is attracting considerable interest due to its prominent magneto-transport and magneto-optical properties. In this work, we observe a transition from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic behavior in CrSBr crystals exposed to high-energy, non-magnetic ions. Already at moderate fluences, ion irradiation induces a remanent magnetization with hysteresis adapting to the easy-axis anisotropy of the pristine magnetic order up to a critical temperature of 110 K. Structure analysis of the irradiated crystals in conjunction with density functional theory calculations suggests that the displacement of constituent atoms due to collisions with ions and the formation of interstitials favors ferromagnetic order between the layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangchao Long
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- TU
Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mahdi Ghorbani-Asl
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kseniia Mosina
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry
and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Yi Li
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- TU
Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kaiman Lin
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- University
of Michigan-Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Fabian Ganss
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - René Hübner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Zdenek Sofer
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry
and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Florian Dirnberger
- Institute
of Applied Physics and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence
ct.qmat, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Akashdeep Kamra
- Condensed
Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC) and Departamento de Física Teórica
de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma
de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria
de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arkady V. Krasheninnikov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Slawomir Prucnal
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Manfred Helm
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- TU
Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Shengqiang Zhou
- Helmholtz-Zentrum
Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
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14
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Wang T, Zhang D, Yang S, Lin Z, Chen Q, Yang J, Gong Q, Chen Z, Ye Y, Liu W. Magnetically-dressed CrSBr exciton-polaritons in ultrastrong coupling regime. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5966. [PMID: 37749106 PMCID: PMC10520032 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41688-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, exciton-polaritons have attracted substantial research interest due to their half-light-half-matter bosonic nature. Coupling exciton-polaritons with magnetic orders grants access to rich many-body phenomena, but has been limited by the availability of material systems that exhibit simultaneous exciton resonances and magnetic ordering. Here we report magnetically-dressed microcavity exciton-polaritons in the van der Waals antiferromagnetic (AFM) semiconductor CrSBr coupled to a Tamm plasmon microcavity. Using angle-resolved spectroscopy, we reveal an exceptionally high exciton-photon coupling strength, up to 169 meV, demonstrating ultrastrong coupling that persists up to room temperature. By performing temperature-dependent spectroscopy, we show the magnetic nature of the exciton-polaritons in CrSBr microcavity as the magnetic order changes from AFM to paramagnetic. By applying an out-of-plane magnetic field, we achieve effective tuning of the polariton energy while maintaining the ultrastrong exciton-photon coupling strength. We attribute this to the spin canting process that modulates the interlayer exciton interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Dingyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shiqi Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhongchong Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Quan Chen
- School of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Foshan, 528225, China
| | - Jinbo Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qihuang Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Peking University, Nantong, 226010, China
- Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang, 110167, China
| | - Zuxin Chen
- School of Semiconductor Science and Technology, South China Normal University, Foshan, 528225, China.
| | - Yu Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Peking University, Nantong, 226010, China.
- Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang, 110167, China.
| | - Wenjing Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Peking University, Nantong, 226010, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
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15
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Bagheri M, Berger E, Komsa HP. Identification of Material Dimensionality Based on Force Constant Analysis. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:7840-7847. [PMID: 37624876 PMCID: PMC10494234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Identification of low-dimensional structural units from the bulk atomic structure is a widely used approach for discovering new low-dimensional materials with new properties and applications. Such analysis is usually based solely on bond-length heuristics, whereas an analysis based on bond strengths would be physically more justified. Here, we study dimensionality classification based on the interatomic force constants of a structure with different approaches for selecting the bonded atoms. The implemented approaches are applied to the existing database of first-principles calculated force constants with a large variety of materials, and the results are analyzed by comparing them to those of several bond-length-based classification methods. Depending on the approach, they can either reproduce results from bond-length-based methods or provide complementary information. As an example of the latter, we managed to identify new non-van der Waals two-dimensional material candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Bagheri
- Microelectronics Research Unit, Faculty
of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu FIN-90014, Finland
| | - Ethan Berger
- Microelectronics Research Unit, Faculty
of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu FIN-90014, Finland
| | - Hannu-Pekka Komsa
- Microelectronics Research Unit, Faculty
of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu FIN-90014, Finland
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16
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Dirnberger F, Quan J, Bushati R, Diederich GM, Florian M, Klein J, Mosina K, Sofer Z, Xu X, Kamra A, García-Vidal FJ, Alù A, Menon VM. Magneto-optics in a van der Waals magnet tuned by self-hybridized polaritons. Nature 2023; 620:533-537. [PMID: 37587298 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06275-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Controlling quantum materials with light is of fundamental and technological importance. By utilizing the strong coupling of light and matter in optical cavities1-3, recent studies were able to modify some of their most defining features4-6. Here we study the magneto-optical properties of a van der Waals magnet that supports strong coupling of photons and excitons even in the absence of external cavity mirrors. In this material-the layered magnetic semiconductor CrSBr-emergent light-matter hybrids called polaritons are shown to substantially increase the spectral bandwidth of correlations between the magnetic, electronic and optical properties, enabling largely tunable optical responses to applied magnetic fields and magnons. Our results highlight the importance of exciton-photon self-hybridization in van der Waals magnets and motivate novel directions for the manipulation of quantum material properties by strong light-matter coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiamin Quan
- Department of Physics, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Photonics Initiative, CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rezlind Bushati
- Department of Physics, City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Physics, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Geoffrey M Diederich
- Intelligence Community Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Physics and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matthias Florian
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI, USA
| | - Julian Klein
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kseniia Mosina
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Sofer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Department of Physics and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Akashdeep Kamra
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J García-Vidal
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Alù
- Department of Physics, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
- Photonics Initiative, CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Vinod M Menon
- Department of Physics, City College of New York, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Physics, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
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17
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Marques-Moros F, Boix-Constant C, Mañas-Valero S, Canet-Ferrer J, Coronado E. Interplay between Optical Emission and Magnetism in the van der Waals Magnetic Semiconductor CrSBr in the Two-Dimensional Limit. ACS NANO 2023; 17:13224-13231. [PMID: 37442121 PMCID: PMC10863932 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The van der Waals semiconductor metamagnet CrSBr offers an ideal platform for studying the interplay between optical and magnetic properties in the two-dimensional limit. Here, we carried out an exhaustive optical characterization of this material by means of temperature- and magnetic-field-dependent photoluminescence (PL) on flakes of different thicknesses down to the monolayer. We found a characteristic emission peak that is quenched upon switching the ferromagnetic layers from an antiparallel to a parallel configuration and exhibits a temperature dependence different from that of the peaks commonly ascribed to excitons. The contribution of this peak to the PL is boosted around 30-40 K, coinciding with the hidden order magnetic transition temperature. Our findings reveal the connection between the optical and magnetic properties via the ionization of magnetic donor vacancies. This behavior enables a useful tool for the optical reading of the magnetic states in atomically thin layers of CrSBr and shows the potential of the design of 2D heterostructures with magnetic and excitonic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carla Boix-Constant
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular
(ICMol), Universitat de València, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Samuel Mañas-Valero
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular
(ICMol), Universitat de València, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Josep Canet-Ferrer
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular
(ICMol), Universitat de València, 46980, Paterna, Spain
| | - Eugenio Coronado
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular
(ICMol), Universitat de València, 46980, Paterna, Spain
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