1
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Chen S, Li Y, Chen X, Li L, Lu Q, Guo E, Si C, Wei M, Han X. Isomerization of surface functionalized SWCNTs and the critical influence on photoluminescence: static calculations and excited-state dynamics simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:12003-12008. [PMID: 38576321 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05115c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) functionalized with sparse surface chemical groups are promising for a variety of optical applications such as quantum information and bio-imaging. However, the luminescence efficiencies and stability, two key aspects, undoubtedly govern their practical usage. Herein, we assess the surface migration of oxygen and triazine groups on as-modified SWCNT fragments by adopting transition state theory and explore the de-excitation of oxygen-functionalized SWCNT fragments by performing non-adiabatic excited-state dynamics simulations. According to the predicted moderate or even small reaction barriers, the migration of both oxygen and triazine groups is feasible from an sp3 defect configuration forming an energetically more stable sp2 configuration at moderate or even room temperatures. Such isomerization leads to drastically different light emission capabilities as indicated by the large or zero oscillator strengths. During the dynamics simulations, the lowest excited singlet (S1) state rapidly decays in energy within 20 fs and then fluctuates until the end, providing insights into the emission mechanism of SWCNTs. This study highlights the potential intrinsic limitations of surface-functionalized SWCNTs for luminescence applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunwei Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Yi Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Xinxin Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Lingyun Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Qifang Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Enyan Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Conghui Si
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Mingzhi Wei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Xiujun Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
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2
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Piwoński H, Szczepski K, Jaremko M, Jaremko Ł, Habuchi S. Shielding Effects Provide a Dominant Mechanism in J-Aggregation-Induced Photoluminescence Enhancement of Carbon Nanotubes. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:16496-16507. [PMID: 38617658 PMCID: PMC11007775 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The unique photophysical properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) exhibit great potential for bioimaging applications. This led to extensive exploration of photosensitization methods to improve their faint shortwave infrared (SWIR) photoluminescence. Here, we report the mechanisms of SWCNT-assisted J-aggregation of cyanine dyes and the associated photoluminescence enhancement of SWCNTs in the SWIR spectral region. Surprisingly, we found that excitation energy transfer between the cyanine dyes and SWCNTs makes a negligible contribution to the overall photoluminescence enhancement. Instead, the shielding of SWCNTs from the surrounding water molecules through hydrogen bond-assisted macromolecular reorganization of ionic surfactants triggered by counterions and the physisorption of the dye molecules on the side walls of SWCNTs play a primary role in the photoluminescence enhancement of SWCNTs. We observed 2 orders of magnitude photoluminescence enhancement of SWCNTs by optimizing these factors. Our findings suggest that the proper shielding of SWCNTs is the critical factor for their photoluminescence enhancement, which has important implications for their application as imaging agents in biological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Piwoński
- Biological and Environmental
Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah
University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kacper Szczepski
- Biological and Environmental
Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah
University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Biological and Environmental
Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah
University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Łukasz Jaremko
- Biological and Environmental
Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah
University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Satoshi Habuchi
- Biological and Environmental
Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah
University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Maeda Y, Zhao P, Ehara M. Recent progress in controlling the photoluminescence properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes by oxidation and alkylation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:14497-14508. [PMID: 38009193 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05065c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
The functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) has received considerable attention in the last decade since highly efficient near-infrared photoluminescence (PL) has been observed to be red-shifted compared with the intrinsic PL peak of pristine SWCNTs. The PL wavelength has been manipulated using arylation reactions with aryldiazonium salts and aryl halides. Additionally, simple oxidation and alkylation reactions have proven effective in extensively adjusting the PL wavelength, with the resulting PL efficiency varying based on the chosen reaction techniques and molecular structures. This review discusses the latest developments in tailoring the PL attributes of SWCNTs by oxidation and alkylation processes. (6,5) SWCNTs exhibit intrinsic emission at 980 nm, and the PL wavelength can be controlled in the range of 1100-1320 nm by chemical modification. In addition, recent developments in chiral separation techniques have increased our understanding of the control of the PL wavelength, extending to the selection of excitation and emission wavelengths, by chemical modification of SWCNTs with different chiral indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Maeda
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan.
| | - Pei Zhao
- Research Center for Computational Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ehara
- Research Center for Computational Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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4
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Heppe BJ, Dzombic N, Keil JM, Sun XL, Ao G. Solvent Isotope Effects on the Creation of Fluorescent Quantum Defects in Carbon Nanotubes by Aryl Diazonium Chemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:25621-25631. [PMID: 37971308 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The integration of aryl diazonium and carbon nanotube chemistries has offered rich and versatile tools for creating nanomaterials of unique optical and electronic properties in a controllable fashion. The diazonium reaction with single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is known to proceed through a radical or carbocation mechanism in aqueous solutions, with deuterated water (D2O) being the frequently used solvent. Here, we show strong water solvent isotope effects on the aryl diazonium reaction with SWCNTs for creating fluorescent quantum defects using water (H2O) and D2O. We found a deduced reaction constant of ∼18.2 times larger value in D2O than in H2O, potentially due to their different chemical properties. We also observed the generation of new defect photoluminescence over a broad concentration range of diazonium reactants in H2O, as opposed to a narrow window of reaction conditions in D2O under UV excitation. Without UV light, the physical adsorption of diazonium on the surface of SWCNTs led to the fluorescence quenching of nanotubes. These findings provide important insights into the aryl diazonium chemistry with carbon nanotubes for creating promising material platforms for optical sensing, imaging, and quantum communication technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J Heppe
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Washkewicz College of Engineering, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, United States
| | - Nina Dzombic
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Washkewicz College of Engineering, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, United States
| | - Joseph M Keil
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, United States
| | - Xue-Long Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Washkewicz College of Engineering, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, United States
| | - Geyou Ao
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Washkewicz College of Engineering, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, United States
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5
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Aluru NR, Aydin F, Bazant MZ, Blankschtein D, Brozena AH, de Souza JP, Elimelech M, Faucher S, Fourkas JT, Koman VB, Kuehne M, Kulik HJ, Li HK, Li Y, Li Z, Majumdar A, Martis J, Misra RP, Noy A, Pham TA, Qu H, Rayabharam A, Reed MA, Ritt CL, Schwegler E, Siwy Z, Strano MS, Wang Y, Yao YC, Zhan C, Zhang Z. Fluids and Electrolytes under Confinement in Single-Digit Nanopores. Chem Rev 2023; 123:2737-2831. [PMID: 36898130 PMCID: PMC10037271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Confined fluids and electrolyte solutions in nanopores exhibit rich and surprising physics and chemistry that impact the mass transport and energy efficiency in many important natural systems and industrial applications. Existing theories often fail to predict the exotic effects observed in the narrowest of such pores, called single-digit nanopores (SDNs), which have diameters or conduit widths of less than 10 nm, and have only recently become accessible for experimental measurements. What SDNs reveal has been surprising, including a rapidly increasing number of examples such as extraordinarily fast water transport, distorted fluid-phase boundaries, strong ion-correlation and quantum effects, and dielectric anomalies that are not observed in larger pores. Exploiting these effects presents myriad opportunities in both basic and applied research that stand to impact a host of new technologies at the water-energy nexus, from new membranes for precise separations and water purification to new gas permeable materials for water electrolyzers and energy-storage devices. SDNs also present unique opportunities to achieve ultrasensitive and selective chemical sensing at the single-ion and single-molecule limit. In this review article, we summarize the progress on nanofluidics of SDNs, with a focus on the confinement effects that arise in these extremely narrow nanopores. The recent development of precision model systems, transformative experimental tools, and multiscale theories that have played enabling roles in advancing this frontier are reviewed. We also identify new knowledge gaps in our understanding of nanofluidic transport and provide an outlook for the future challenges and opportunities at this rapidly advancing frontier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayana R Aluru
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712TexasUnited States
| | - Fikret Aydin
- Materials Science Division, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550, United States
| | - Martin Z Bazant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
- Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Daniel Blankschtein
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Alexandra H Brozena
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland20742, United States
| | - J Pedro de Souza
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Menachem Elimelech
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut06520-8286, United States
| | - Samuel Faucher
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - John T Fourkas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland20742, United States
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland20742, United States
- Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland20742, United States
| | - Volodymyr B Koman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Matthias Kuehne
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Heather J Kulik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Hao-Kun Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Yuhao Li
- Materials Science Division, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550, United States
| | - Zhongwu Li
- Materials Science Division, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550, United States
| | - Arun Majumdar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Joel Martis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
| | - Rahul Prasanna Misra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Aleksandr Noy
- Materials Science Division, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550, United States
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, California95344, United States
| | - Tuan Anh Pham
- Materials Science Division, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550, United States
| | - Haoran Qu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland20742, United States
| | - Archith Rayabharam
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712TexasUnited States
| | - Mark A Reed
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, 15 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut06520, United States
| | - Cody L Ritt
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut06520-8286, United States
| | - Eric Schwegler
- Materials Science Division, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550, United States
| | - Zuzanna Siwy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Chemistry, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine92697, United States
| | - Michael S Strano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - YuHuang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland20742, United States
- Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland20742, United States
| | - Yun-Chiao Yao
- Materials Science Division, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550, United States
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, California95344, United States
| | - Cheng Zhan
- Materials Science Division, Physical and Life Science Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California94550, United States
| | - Ze Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
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6
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Eller B, Fortner J, Kłos J, Wang Y, Clark CW. Can armchair nanotubes host organic color centers? JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:464004. [PMID: 36063817 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac8f7e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We use time-dependent density functional theory to investigate the possibility of hosting organic color centers in (6, 6) armchair single-walled carbon nanotubes, which are known to be metallic. Our calculations show that in short segments of (6, 6) nanotubes∼5nm in length there is a dipole-allowed singlet transition related to the quantum confinement of charge carriers in the smaller segments. The introduction ofsp3defects to the surface of (6, 6) nanotubes results in new dipole-allowed excited states. Some of these states are redshifted from the native confinement state of the defect-free (6, 6) segments; this is similar behavior to what is observed withsp3defects to exciton transitions in semiconducting carbon nanotubes. This result suggests the possibility of electrically wiring organic color centers directly through armchair carbon nanotube hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Eller
- Chemical Physics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States of America
| | - Jacob Fortner
- Chemical Physics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States of America
| | - Jacek Kłos
- Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States of America
| | - YuHuang Wang
- Chemical Physics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States of America
| | - Charles W Clark
- Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States of America
- National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, United States of America
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7
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Wang P, Fortner J, Luo H, Kłos J, Wu X, Qu H, Chen F, Li Y, Wang Y. Quantum Defects: What Pairs with the Aryl Group When Bonding to the sp 2 Carbon Lattice of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes? J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:13234-13241. [PMID: 35830302 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aryl diazonium reactions are widely used to covalently modify graphitic electrodes and low-dimensional carbon materials, including the recent creation of organic color centers (OCCs) on single-wall carbon nanotube semiconductors. However, due to the experimental difficulties in resolving small functional groups over extensive carbon lattices, a basic question until now remains unanswered: what group, if any, is pairing with the aryl sp3 defect when breaking a C═C bond on the sp2 carbon lattice? Here, we show that water plays an unexpected role in completing the diazonium reaction with carbon nanotubes involving chlorosulfonic acid, acting as a nucleophilic agent that contributes -OH as the pairing group. By simply replacing water with other nucleophilic solvents, we find it is possible to create OCCs that feature an entirely new series of pairing groups, including -OCH3, -OC2H5, -OC3H7, -i-OC3H7, and -NH2, which allows us to systematically tailor the defect pairs and the optical properties of the resulting color centers. Enabled by these pairing groups, we further achieved the synthesis of OCCs with sterically bulky pairs that exhibit high purity defect photoluminescence effectively covering both the second near-infrared window and the telecom wavelengths. Our studies further suggest that these diazonium reactions proceed through the formation of carbocations in chlorosulfonic acid, rather than a radical mechanism that typically occurs in aqueous solutions. These findings uncover the unknown half of the sp3 defect pairs and provide a synthetic approach to control these defect color centers for quantum information, imaging, and sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Jacob Fortner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Hongbin Luo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Jacek Kłos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States.,Department of Physics, Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Xiaojian Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Haoran Qu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Fu Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - YuHuang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States.,Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United State
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8
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Kozawa D, Wu X, Ishii A, Fortner J, Otsuka K, Xiang R, Inoue T, Maruyama S, Wang Y, Kato YK. Formation of organic color centers in air-suspended carbon nanotubes using vapor-phase reaction. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2814. [PMID: 35595760 PMCID: PMC9123200 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30508-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic color centers in single-walled carbon nanotubes have demonstrated exceptional ability to generate single photons at room temperature in the telecom range. Combining the color centers with pristine air-suspended nanotubes would be desirable for improved performance, but all current synthetic methods occur in solution which makes them incompatible. Here we demonstrate the formation of color centers in air-suspended nanotubes using a vapor-phase reaction. Functionalization is directly verified by photoluminescence spectroscopy, with unambiguous statistics from more than a few thousand individual nanotubes. The color centers show strong diameter-dependent emission, which can be explained with a model for chemical reactivity considering strain along the tube curvature. We also estimate the defect density by comparing the experiments with simulations based on a one-dimensional exciton diffusion equation. Our results highlight the influence of the nanotube structure on vapor-phase reactivity and emission properties, providing guidelines for the development of high-performance near-infrared quantum light sources. Organic color centers in single-walled carbon nanotubes can act as single-photon sources in the telecom range. Here the authors report the functionalization of air-suspended nanotubes through a vapor-phase photochemical reaction, demonstrating a further tailoring of quantum emitter materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Kozawa
- Quantum Optoelectronics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Xiaojian Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Akihiro Ishii
- Quantum Optoelectronics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Nanoscale Quantum Photonics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Jacob Fortner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Keigo Otsuka
- Nanoscale Quantum Photonics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Rong Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Taiki Inoue
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.,Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shigeo Maruyama
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - YuHuang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.,Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Yuichiro K Kato
- Quantum Optoelectronics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan. .,Nanoscale Quantum Photonics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
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9
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Wei X, Li S, Wang W, Zhang X, Zhou W, Xie S, Liu H. Recent Advances in Structure Separation of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes and Their Application in Optics, Electronics, and Optoelectronics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200054. [PMID: 35293698 PMCID: PMC9108629 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Structural control of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with uniform properties is critical not only for their property modulation and functional design but also for applications in electronics, optics, and optoelectronics. To achieve this goal, various separation techniques have been developed in the past 20 years through which separation of high-purity semiconducting/metallic SWCNTs, single-chirality species, and even their enantiomers have been achieved. This progress has promoted the property modulation of SWCNTs and the development of SWCNT-based optoelectronic devices. Here, the recent advances in the structure separation of SWCNTs are reviewed, from metallic/semiconducting SWCNTs, to single-chirality species, and to enantiomers by several typical separation techniques and the application of the corresponding sorted SWCNTs. Based on the separation procedure, efficiency, and scalability, as well as, the separable SWCNT species, purity, and quantity, the advantages and disadvantages of various separation techniques are compared. Combined with the requirements of SWCNT application, the challenges, prospects, and development direction of structure separation are further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineeringand School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
- Songshan Lake Materials LaboratoryDongguanGuangdong523808China
| | - Shilong Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
| | - Wenke Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineeringand School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineeringand School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
- Songshan Lake Materials LaboratoryDongguanGuangdong523808China
| | - Weiya Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineeringand School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
- Songshan Lake Materials LaboratoryDongguanGuangdong523808China
| | - Sishen Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineeringand School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
- Songshan Lake Materials LaboratoryDongguanGuangdong523808China
| | - Huaping Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineeringand School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
- Songshan Lake Materials LaboratoryDongguanGuangdong523808China
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10
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Mann FA, Galonska P, Herrmann N, Kruss S. Quantum defects as versatile anchors for carbon nanotube functionalization. Nat Protoc 2022; 17:727-747. [PMID: 35110739 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00663-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are used in diverse applications that require chemical tailoring of the SWCNT surface, including optical sensing, imaging, targeted drug delivery and single-photon generation. SWCNTs have been noncovalently modified with (bio)polymers to preserve their intrinsic near-infrared fluorescence. However, demanding applications (e.g., requiring stability in biological fluids) would benefit from a stable covalent linkage between the SWCNT and the functional unit (e.g., antibody, fluorophore, drug). Here we present how to use diazonium salt chemistry to introduce sp3 quantum defects in the SWCNT carbon lattice to serve as handles for conjugation while preserving near-infrared fluorescence. In this protocol, we describe the straightforward, stable (covalent), highly versatile and scalable functionalization of SWCNTs with biomolecules such as peptides and proteins to yield near-infrared fluorescent SWCNT bioconjugates. We provide a step-by-step procedure covering SWCNT dispersion, quantum defect incorporation, bioconjugation, in situ peptide synthesis on SWCNTs, and characterization, which can be completed in 5-7 d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian A Mann
- Physical Chemistry II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry, Göttingen University, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Niklas Herrmann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Göttingen University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kruss
- Physical Chemistry II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany. .,Institute of Physical Chemistry, Göttingen University, Göttingen, Germany. .,Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, Duisburg, Germany.
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11
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Kim M, Chen C, Wang P, Mulvey JJ, Yang Y, Wun C, Antman-Passig M, Luo HB, Cho S, Long-Roche K, Ramanathan LV, Jagota A, Zheng M, Wang Y, Heller DA. Detection of ovarian cancer via the spectral fingerprinting of quantum-defect-modified carbon nanotubes in serum by machine learning. Nat Biomed Eng 2022; 6:267-275. [PMID: 35301449 PMCID: PMC9108893 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-022-00860-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Serum biomarkers are often insufficiently sensitive or specific to facilitate cancer screening or diagnostic testing. In ovarian cancer, the few established serum biomarkers are highly specific, yet insufficiently sensitive to detect early-stage disease and to impact the mortality rates of patients with this cancer. Here we show that a 'disease fingerprint' acquired via machine learning from the spectra of near-infrared fluorescence emissions of an array of carbon nanotubes functionalized with quantum defects detects high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma in serum samples from symptomatic individuals with 87% sensitivity at 98% specificity (compared with 84% sensitivity at 98% specificity for the current best clinical screening test, which uses measurements of cancer antigen 125 and transvaginal ultrasonography). We used 269 serum samples to train and validate several machine-learning classifiers for the discrimination of patients with ovarian cancer from those with other diseases and from healthy individuals. The predictive values of the best classifier could not be attained via known protein biomarkers, suggesting that the array of nanotube sensors responds to unidentified serum biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijin Kim
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chen Chen
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Joseph J Mulvey
- Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Yoona Yang
- Departments of Bioengineering, and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Hong-Bin Luo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Sun Cho
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Anand Jagota
- Departments of Bioengineering, and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA
| | - Ming Zheng
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - YuHuang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Daniel A Heller
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
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12
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Qu H, Wu X, Fortner J, Kim M, Wang P, Wang Y. Reconfiguring Organic Color Centers on the sp 2 Carbon Lattice of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. ACS NANO 2022; 16:2077-2087. [PMID: 35040631 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c07669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Organic color centers (OCCs) are atomic defects that can be synthetically created in single-walled carbon nanotube hosts to enable the emission of shortwave infrared single photons at room temperature. However, all known chemistries developed thus far to generate these quantum defects produce a variety of bonding configurations, posing a formidable challenge to the synthesis of identical, uniformly emitting color centers. Herein, we show that laser irradiation of the nanotube host can locally reconfigure the chemical bonding of aryl OCCs on (6,5) nanotubes to significantly reduce their spectral inhomogeneity. After irradiation the defect emission narrows in distribution by ∼26% to yield a single photoluminescence peak. We use hyperspectral photoluminescence imaging to follow this structural transformation on the single nanotube level. Density functional theory calculations corroborate our experimental observations, suggesting that the OCCs convert from kinetic structures to the more thermodynamically stable configuration. This approach may enable localized tuning and creation of identical OCCs for emerging applications in bioimaging, molecular sensing, and quantum information sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Qu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Xiaojian Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Jacob Fortner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Mijin Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - YuHuang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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13
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A facile strategy for fabricating robust superhydrophobic and superoleophilic metal mesh via diazonium chemistry. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Wang P, Barnes B, Huang Z, Wang Z, Zheng M, Wang Y. Beyond Color: The New Carbon Ink. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005890. [PMID: 33938063 PMCID: PMC8560657 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
For thousands of years, carbon ink has been used as a black color pigment for writing and painting purposes. However, recent discoveries of nanocarbon materials, including fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and their various derivative forms, together with the advances in large-scale synthesis, are enabling a whole new generation of carbon inks that can serve as an intrinsically programmable materials platform for developing advanced functionalities far beyond color. The marriage between these multifunctional nanocarbon inks with modern printing technologies is facilitating and even transforming many applications, including flexible electronics, wearable and implantable sensors, actuators, and autonomous robotics. This review examines recent progress in the reborn field of carbon inks, highlighting their programmability and multifunctionality for applications in flexible electronics and stimuli-responsive devices. Current challenges and opportunities will also be discussed from a materials science perspective towards the advancement of carbon ink for new applications beyond color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Benjamin Barnes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Zhongjie Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Ming Zheng
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - YuHuang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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15
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He X, Kevlishvili I, Murcek K, Liu P, Star A. [2π + 2π] Photocycloaddition of Enones to Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Creates Fluorescent Quantum Defects. ACS NANO 2021; 15:4833-4844. [PMID: 33689301 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been widely applied in biomedical fields such as drug delivery, biosensing, bioimaging, and tissue engineering. Understanding their reactivity with biomolecules is important for these applications. We describe here a photoinduced cycloaddition reaction between enones and SWCNTs. By creating covalent and tunable sp3 defects in the sp2 carbon lattice of SWCNTs through [2π + 2π] photocycloaddition, a bright red-shifted photoluminescence was gradually generated. The photocycloaddition functionalization was demonstrated with various organic molecules bearing an enone functional group, including biologically important oxygenated lipid metabolites. The mechanism of this reaction was studied empirically and using computational methods. Density functional theory calculations were employed to elucidate the identity of the reaction product and understand the origin of different substrate reactivities. The results of this study can enable engineering of the optical and electronic properties of semiconducting SWCNTs and provide understanding into their interactions with the lipid biocorona.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun He
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, and §Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Ilia Kevlishvili
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, and §Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Katherina Murcek
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, and §Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, and §Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Alexander Star
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, and §Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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16
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Shiraki T. Molecular Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes towards Near Infrared Photoluminescent Nanomaterials. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Shiraki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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17
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Huang Z, Powell LR, Wu X, Kim M, Qu H, Wang P, Fortner JL, Xu B, Ng AL, Wang Y. Photolithographic Patterning of Organic Color-Centers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1906517. [PMID: 32080923 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201906517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Organic color-centers (OCCs) have emerged as promising single-photon emitters for solid-state quantum technologies, chemically specific sensing, and near-infrared bioimaging. However, these quantum light sources are currently synthesized in bulk solution, lacking the spatial control required for on-chip integration. The ability to pattern OCCs on solid substrates with high spatial precision and molecularly defined structure is essential to interface electronics and advance their quantum applications. Herein, a lithographic generation of OCCs on solid-state semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotube films at spatially defined locations is presented. By using light-driven diazoether chemistry, it is possible to directly pattern p-nitroaryl OCCs, which demonstrate chemically specific spectral signatures at programmed positions as confirmed by Raman mapping and hyperspectral photoluminescence imaging. This light-driven technique enables the fabrication of OCC arrays on solid films that fluoresce in the shortwave infrared and presents an important step toward the direct writing of quantum emitters and other functionalities at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjie Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Lyndsey R Powell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Xiaojian Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Mijin Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Haoran Qu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Jacob L Fortner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Beibei Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Allen L Ng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - YuHuang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
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18
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Lyu M, Meany B, Yang J, Li Y, Zheng M. Toward Complete Resolution of DNA/Carbon Nanotube Hybrids by Aqueous Two-Phase Systems. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:20177-20186. [PMID: 31783712 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Sequence-dependent interactions between DNA and single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are shown to provide resolution for the atomic-structure-based sorting of DNA-wrapped SWCNTs. Previous studies have demonstrated that aqueous two-phase (ATP) systems are very effective for sorting DNA-wrapped SWCNTs (DNA-SWCNTs). However, most separations have been carried out with a polyethylene glycol (PEG)/polyacrylamide (PAM) ATP system, which shows severe interfacial trapping for many DNA-SWCNT dispersions, resulting in significant material loss and limiting multistage extraction. Here, we report a study of several new ATP systems for sorting DNA-SWCNTs. We have developed a convenient method to explore these systems without knowledge of the corresponding phase diagram. We further show that the molecular weight of the polymer strongly affects the partition behavior and separation results for DNA-SWCNTs in PEG/dextran (DX) ATP systems. This leads to the identification of the PEG1.5kDa/DX250kDa ATP system as an effective vehicle for the chirality separation of DNA-SWCNTs. Additionally, this ATP system exhibits greatly reduced interfacial trapping, enabling for the first time continuous multistep sorting of four species of SWCNTs from a single dispersion. Enhanced stability of DNA-SWCNTs in the PEG1.5kDa/DX250kDa ATP system also allows us to investigate pH dependent sorting of SWCNTs wrapped by C-rich sequences. Our observations suggest that hydrogen bonding may form between the DNA bases at lower pH, enabling a more ordered wrapping structure on the SWCNTs and improvement in sorting (11,0). Together, these findings reveal that the new ATP system is suitable for searching DNA sequences leading toward more complete resolution of DNA-SWCNTs. A new concept of "resolving sequences", evolved from the old notion of "recognition sequences", is proposed to describe a broader range of behaviors of DNA/SWCNT interactions and sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Lyu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Brendan Meany
- Materials Science and Engineering Division , National Institute of Standards and Technology , 100 Bureau Drive , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
| | - Juan Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Yan Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Ming Zheng
- Materials Science and Engineering Division , National Institute of Standards and Technology , 100 Bureau Drive , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
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19
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Berger F, Lüttgens J, Nowack T, Kutsch T, Lindenthal S, Kistner L, Müller CC, Bongartz LM, Lumsargis VA, Zakharko Y, Zaumseil J. Brightening of Long, Polymer-Wrapped Carbon Nanotubes by sp 3 Functionalization in Organic Solvents. ACS NANO 2019; 13:9259-9269. [PMID: 31381849 PMCID: PMC6716210 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b03792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The functionalization of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with sp3 defects that act as luminescent exciton traps is a powerful means to enhance their photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and to add optical properties. However, the synthetic methods employed to introduce these defects are currently limited to aqueous dispersions of surfactant-coated SWNTs, often with short tube lengths, residual metallic nanotubes, and poor film-formation properties. In contrast to that, dispersions of polymer-wrapped SWNTs in organic solvents feature unrivaled purity, higher PLQY, and are easily processed into thin films for device applications. Here, we introduce a simple and scalable phase-transfer method to solubilize diazonium salts in organic nonhalogenated solvents for the controlled reaction with polymer-wrapped SWNTs to create luminescent aryl defects. Absolute PLQY measurements are applied to reliably quantify the defect-induced brightening. The optimization of defect density and trap depth results in PLQYs of up to 4% with 90% of photons emitted through the defect channel. We further reveal the strong impact of initial SWNT quality and length on the relative brightening by sp3 defects. The efficient and simple production of large quantities of defect-tailored polymer-sorted SWNTs enables aerosol-jet printing and spin-coating of thin films with bright and nearly reabsorption-free defect emission, which are desired for carbon nanotube-based near-infrared light-emitting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix
J. Berger
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Lüttgens
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tim Nowack
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Kutsch
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Lindenthal
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lucas Kistner
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christine C. Müller
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lukas M. Bongartz
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Victoria A. Lumsargis
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yuriy Zakharko
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jana Zaumseil
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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