1
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Tiwari OS, Rawat V, Zhang H, Chibh S, Rencus-Lazar S, Diesendruck CE, Gazit E. Ring-opening polymerization of lactide catalyzed using metal-coordinated enzyme-like amino acid assemblies. J Pept Sci 2024:e3626. [PMID: 38810988 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Polylactide (PLA), a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer, is widely used in diverse biomedical applications. However, the industry standard for converting lactide into PLA involves toxic tin (Sn)-based catalysts. To mitigate the use of these harmful catalysts, other environmentally benign metal-containing agents for efficient lactide polymerization have been studied, but these alternatives are hindered by complex synthesis processes, reactivity issues, and selectivity limitations. To overcome these shortcomings, we explored the catalytic activity of Cu-(Phe)2 and Zn-(Phe)2 metal-amino acid co-assemblies as potential catalysts of the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of lactide into PLA. Catalytic activity of the assemblies was monitored at different temperatures and solvents using 1H-NMR spectroscopy to determine the catalytic parameters. Notably, Zn-(Phe)2 achieved >99% conversion of lactide to PLA within 12 h in toluene under reflux conditions and was found to have first-order kinetics, whereas Cu-(Phe)2 exhibited significantly lower catalytic activity. Following Zn-(Phe)2-mediated catalysis, the resulting PLA had an average molecular weight of 128 kDa and a dispersity index of 1.25 as determined by gel permeation chromatography. Taken together, our minimalistic approach expands the realm of metal-amino acid-based supramolecular catalytic nanomaterials useful in the ROP of lactide. This advancement shows promise for the future design of simplified biocatalysts in both industrial and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om Shanker Tiwari
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Varun Rawat
- School of Chemistry, The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hang Zhang
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and the Resnick Sustainability Center for Catalysis, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sonika Chibh
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sigal Rencus-Lazar
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Charles E Diesendruck
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and the Resnick Sustainability Center for Catalysis, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ehud Gazit
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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2
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Feng Y, Wang C, Yang J, Tan T, Yang J. Poly(ethylene succinate- co-lactic acid) as a Multifunctional Additive for Modulating the Miscibility, Crystallization, and Mechanical Properties of Poly(lactic acid). ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:6578-6587. [PMID: 38371800 PMCID: PMC10870275 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Polymer blending offers an effective and economical approach to overcome the performance limitations of poly(lactic acid) (PLA). In this study, a series of copolymers poly(ethylene succinate-co-lactic acid) (PESL) were synthesized, featuring lactic acid (LA) contents that ranged from 20 to 86 wt %. This synthesis involved a one-pot industrial melt polycondensation process using succinic acid (SA), ethylene glycol (EG), and LA, catalyzed by titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTP). The goal was to produce a fully biobased copolymer expected to exhibit partial miscibility with pure poly(lactic acid) (PLA). To assess the capability of PESL copolymers in toughening PLA, we conducted tensile testing on PLA/PESL blends containing 15 wt % PESL. As a result, an elongation at break for the blends with 15 wt % loading of the copolymer PESL72 was directly enhanced to 250% with an ultimate strength of 35 MPa, compared to brittle PLA with less 10% tensile length. The morphological features of interfacial adhesion before and after tensile failure were measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A significant enhancement in the chain mobility of the PLA/PESL blends was further evidenced by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). These findings hold promise for the development of functional packaging materials based on PLA. The proposed copolymer design, which boasts strong industrial feasibility, can serve as a valuable guide for enhancing the toughness of PLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinbiao Feng
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory
of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Cong Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory
of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Junjiao Yang
- College
of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical
Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Tianwei Tan
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory
of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory
of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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3
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Kalia VC, Patel SKS, Karthikeyan KK, Jeya M, Kim IW, Lee JK. Manipulating Microbial Cell Morphology for the Sustainable Production of Biopolymers. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:410. [PMID: 38337299 DOI: 10.3390/polym16030410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The total rate of plastic production is anticipated to surpass 1.1 billion tons per year by 2050. Plastic waste is non-biodegradable and accumulates in natural ecosystems. In 2020, the total amount of plastic waste was estimated to be 367 million metric tons, leading to unmanageable waste disposal and environmental pollution issues. Plastics are produced from petroleum and natural gases. Given the limited fossil fuel reserves and the need to circumvent pollution problems, the focus has shifted to biodegradable biopolymers, such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), polylactic acid, and polycaprolactone. PHAs are gaining importance because diverse bacteria can produce them as intracellular inclusion bodies using biowastes as feed. A critical component in PHA production is the downstream processing procedures of recovery and purification. In this review, different bioengineering approaches targeted at modifying the cell morphology and synchronizing cell lysis with the biosynthetic cycle are presented for product separation and extraction. Complementing genetic engineering strategies with conventional downstream processes, these approaches are expected to produce PHA sustainably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin C Kalia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanjay K S Patel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kugalur K Karthikeyan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Marimuthu Jeya
- Marine Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Ocean Technology, Chennai 600100, India
| | - In-Won Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Kul Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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4
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Balasubramanian VK, Balakrishnan M, Murugan K, John Kennedy JPK, Chou JY, Muthuramalingam JB. Synthesis and characterization of lactide from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens brewed lactic acid utilizing cheap agricultural sources. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:13. [PMID: 38107031 PMCID: PMC10721759 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03855-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid (LA) is a nifty molecule with an eclectic range of applications in innumerable industries and is produced through biological and chemical processes. Factually, LA is converted into lactide (LAC), which is the precursor for polylactic acid (PLA). PLA is considered one of the first-rate replacements for petroleum-based products and is believed to be environmentally sustainable. Nevertheless, it has always been challenging due to increased PLA productivity costs. Reduction in the LA and LAC production price directly echoes the production price of PLA. Therefore, low-cost LA and LAC production methods have to be found to produce PLA effectively. Hence, this study uses cheap agricultural sources derived microbial LA to make LAC through dimerization. Produced LAC was analyzed through FT-IR, NMR, TGA and XRD. FT-IR results revealed that the successful dimerization of LA to LAC, NMR analysis revealed that the aligning of methine and methyl groups in produced LAC, TGA analysis exposed that the microbial LAC has more thermal stability than the commercial LAC, XRD results showed that the produced LACs are crystalline with 32% and 42% crystallinity. To the best of our acquaintance, this manuscript is pioneering one to describe LA production through microbial fermentation and uses this monomer to produce LAC through dimerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Kumar Balasubramanian
- Department of Botany, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630 003 India
- Department of Biology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, 500 Taiwan
| | - Muthumari Balakrishnan
- Department of Botany, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630 003 India
- Department of Biology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, 500 Taiwan
| | - Kavitha Murugan
- Department of Botany, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630 003 India
| | | | - Jui-Yu Chou
- Department of Biology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, 500 Taiwan
| | - Jothi Basu Muthuramalingam
- Center for Distance and Online Education (CDOE), Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630 003 India
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5
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Uppstu P, Engblom S, Inkinen S, Hupa L, Wilén CE. Influence of polylactide coating stereochemistry on mechanical and in vitro degradation properties of porous bioactive glass scaffolds for bone regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2024; 112:e35328. [PMID: 37737070 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of polylactide stereocomplexes (PLA SC) have been primarily studied through tensile testing, with inconsistent results, and the compressive properties of PLA SC compared to homocrystalline or amorphous PLA remain poorly understood. In this study, we coated porous bioactive glass 13-93 scaffolds with amorphous, homocrystalline, or stereocomplex PLA to investigate their mechanical and degradation properties before and after immersion in simulated body fluid. The glass scaffolds had interconnected pores and an average porosity of 76%. The PLA coatings, which were 10-100 μm thick and approximately 3% of the glass scaffold mass, covered the glass to a large extent. The compressive strength and toughness of all PLA-coated scaffolds were significantly higher than those of uncoated scaffolds, with approximately a fourfold increase before immersion and a twofold increase after immersion. The compressive strength and toughness of PLA SC-coated scaffolds were similar to those of scaffolds with homocrystalline PLA coating, and significantly higher than for scaffolds with amorphous PLA coating. All PLA coatings moderated the initial pH increase caused by the glass, which could benefit surrounding cells and bone tissue in vivo after implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Uppstu
- Laboratory of Molecular Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Simon Engblom
- Laboratory of Molecular Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Saara Inkinen
- Laboratory of Molecular Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Nordic Catalyst e.U., Vienna, Austria
| | - Leena Hupa
- Laboratory of Molecular Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Carl-Eric Wilén
- Laboratory of Molecular Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
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6
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Binczarski MJ, Zuberek JZ, Samadi P, Cieslak M, Kaminska I, Berlowska J, Pawlaczyk A, Szynkowska-Jozwik MI, Witonska IA. Use of copper-functionalized cotton waste in combined chemical and biological processes for production of valuable chemical compounds. RSC Adv 2023; 13:34681-34692. [PMID: 38035250 PMCID: PMC10682913 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06071c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cotton textiles modified with copper compounds have a documented mechanism of antimicrobial action against bacteria, fungi, and viruses. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was pronounced interest in finding new solutions for textile engineering, using modifiers and bioactive methods of functionalization, including introducing copper nanoparticles and complexes into textile products (e.g. masks, special clothing, surface coverings, or tents). However, copper can be toxic, depending on its form and concentration. Functionalized waste may present a risk to the environment if not managed correctly. Here, we present a model for managing copper-modified cotton textile waste. The process includes pressure and temperature-assisted hydrolysis and use of the hydrolysates as a source of sugars for cultivating yeast and lactic acid bacteria biomass as valuable chemical compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal J Binczarski
- Lodz University of Technology, Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry 116 Zeromskiego Street 90-924 Lodz Poland
| | - Justyna Z Zuberek
- Lodz University of Technology, Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry 116 Zeromskiego Street 90-924 Lodz Poland
| | - Payam Samadi
- Lodz University of Technology, Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry 116 Zeromskiego Street 90-924 Lodz Poland
| | - Malgorzata Cieslak
- Lukasiewicz Research Network - Lodz Institute of Technology, Department of Chemical Textile Technologies 19/27 Marii Sklodowska-Curie Street 90-570 Lodz Poland
| | - Irena Kaminska
- Lukasiewicz Research Network - Lodz Institute of Technology, Department of Chemical Textile Technologies 19/27 Marii Sklodowska-Curie Street 90-570 Lodz Poland
| | - Joanna Berlowska
- Lodz University of Technology, Department of Environmental Biotechnology 171/173 Wolczanska Street 90-924 Lodz Poland
| | - Aleksandra Pawlaczyk
- Lodz University of Technology, Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry 116 Zeromskiego Street 90-924 Lodz Poland
| | | | - Izabela A Witonska
- Lodz University of Technology, Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry 116 Zeromskiego Street 90-924 Lodz Poland
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7
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Yan Z, Huang Y, Zhao W, Wu B, Liu C, Yan X, Pan H, Zhao Y, Zhang H. Effect of a Self-Assembled Nucleating Agent on the Crystallization Behavior and Spherulitic Morphology of Poly(lactic acid). ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:44093-44105. [PMID: 38027386 PMCID: PMC10666238 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Herein, decanedioic acid dibenzoylhydrazide (DDBH) was used as a nucleating agent to improve the crystallization of poly(lactic acid) (PLA). The formation of DDBH assemblies in PLA melts at different concentrations was systematically investigated. The DDBH (0.5-0.9 wt %) recrystallized as dendrite-like structures during the isothermal crystallization process, and the crystal morphology of PLA underwent a morphological change from spherical form to a similar dendritic crystal form. Differential scanning calorimetry and in situ wide-angle X-ray diffraction analysis results showed that crystallizability and overall crystallization rate of PLA were enhanced by the addition of DDBH. The half-crystallization time at 120 °C reduced to 0.28 min compared to pure PLA (6.12 min), after adding 0.9 wt % DDBH. Moreover, the crystallinity and lamellar thickness of crystalline PLA increased, while the size of the microcrystal of PLA decreased with an increase in DDBH content. The heat deflection temperatures of PLA/DDBH blends increased and hence heat resistance improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Yan
- Key
Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun
Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yanqin Huang
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of
Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wenfeng Zhao
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of
Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Bin Wu
- State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of
Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Chengkai Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun
Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Xiangyu Yan
- Jilin
COFCO Biochemical Technology Co. Ltd., Changchun 130033, China
| | - Hongwei Pan
- Key
Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun
Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key
Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun
Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Huiliang Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun
Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
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8
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Impemba S, Manca G, Tozio I, Milione S. Ring-Opening Polymerization of rac-β-Butyrolactone Promoted by New Tetradentate Thioether-Amide Ligand-Type Zinc Complexes. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4366. [PMID: 38006091 PMCID: PMC10675234 DOI: 10.3390/polym15224366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, thioether-amide ligands featuring a combination of hard amide groups with soft donor groups have been employed to develop new zinc catalysts for the ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters. All complexes were prepared in high yields through alkane elimination reactions with diethyl zinc and characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Density functional theory (DFT) characterization provided insight into the parameters that influence catalytic activity, such as steric hindrance at the metal center, Lewis acidity and electronic density of thioether-amide ligands. In the presence of one equivalent of isopropanol, all complexes were active in the ring-opening polymerization of rac-β-butyrolactone. Quantitative conversion of 100 monomer equivalents was achieved within 1 h at 80 °C in a toluene solution. Number-average molecular weights increased linearly with monomer conversion; the values were in optimal agreement with those expected, and polydispersity index values were narrow and relatively constant throughout the course of polymerization. The most active complex was also effective in the ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone and L-lactide. To propose a reliable reaction path, DFT calculations were undertaken. In the first step of the reaction, the acidic proton of the alcohol is transferred to the basic nitrogen atom of the amide ligand coordinated to the zinc ion. This leads to the alcoholysis of the Zn-N bond and the formation of an alcoholate derivative that starts the polymerization. In subsequent steps, the reaction follows the classical coordination-insertion mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Impemba
- Center for Colloid and Surface Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy;
| | - Gabriele Manca
- CNR-ICCOM, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy;
| | - Irene Tozio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy;
| | - Stefano Milione
- Department of Chemistry, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy;
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9
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Glöckler E, Kapp L, Wölper C, Schumacher M, Gröschel AH, Schulz S. Homoleptic and heteroleptic ketodiiminate zinc complexes for the ROP of cyclic l-lactide. RSC Adv 2023; 13:29879-29885. [PMID: 37842672 PMCID: PMC10568404 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06529d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Homo- and heteroleptic ketodiiminate zinc complexes L12Zn2 (1, L1 = [Me2NC2H4NC(Me)CH]2CO), L2(ZnCp)2 (2, L2 = [Me2NC3H6NC(Me)CH]2CO, Cp = C5H5) and L2HZnCp* (3, Cp* = C5Me5) were synthesized and characterized by 1H and 13C NMR and IR spectroscopy as well as by elemental analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction (sc-XRD, 2, 3). The catalytical activity of heteroleptic complexes 2 and 3 were tested in the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of l-lactide. Homobimetallic complex 2 showed the highest activity and selectivity for the synthesis of cyclic polylactide (cPLLA; TOF = 17 460 h-1) at 100 °C in toluene solution, while linear polymers are formed with mononuclear complex 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Glöckler
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 7 45141 Essen Germany
| | - Leon Kapp
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 7 45141 Essen Germany
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 7 45141 Essen Germany
| | - Marcel Schumacher
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Münster and Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN) Busso-Peus-Strasse 10 48149 Münster Germany
| | - André H Gröschel
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Münster and Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN) Busso-Peus-Strasse 10 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen Universitätsstraße 7 45141 Essen Germany
- Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE) Carl-Benz-Straße 199 47057 Duisburg Germany
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10
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Khaled MM, Ibrahium AM, Abdelgalil AI, El-Saied MA, El-Bably SH. Regenerative Strategies in Treatment of Peripheral Nerve Injuries in Different Animal Models. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2023; 20:839-877. [PMID: 37572269 PMCID: PMC10519924 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00559-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral nerve damage mainly resulted from traumatic or infectious causes; the main signs of a damaged nerve are the loss of sensory and/or motor functions. The injured nerve has limited regenerative capacity and is recovered by the body itself, the recovery process depends on the severity of damage to the nerve, nowadays the use of stem cells is one of the new and advanced methods for treatment of these problems. METHOD Following our review, data are collected from different databases "Google scholar, Springer, Elsevier, Egyptian Knowledge Bank, and PubMed" using different keywords such as Peripheral nerve damage, Radial Nerve, Sciatic Nerve, Animals, Nerve regeneration, and Stem cell to investigate the different methods taken in consideration for regeneration of PNI. RESULT This review contains tables illustrating all forms and types of regenerative medicine used in treatment of peripheral nerve injuries (PNI) including different types of stem cells " adipose-derived stem cells, bone marrow stem cells, Human umbilical cord stem cells, embryonic stem cells" and their effect on re-constitution and functional recovery of the damaged nerve which evaluated by physical, histological, Immuno-histochemical, biochemical evaluation, and the review illuminated the best regenerative strategies help in rapid peripheral nerve regeneration in different animal models included horse, dog, cat, sheep, monkey, pig, mice and rat. CONCLUSION Old surgical attempts such as neurorrhaphy, autogenic nerve transplantation, and Schwann cell implantation have a limited power of recovery in cases of large nerve defects. Stem cell therapy including mesenchymal stromal cells has a high potential differentiation capacity to renew and form a new nerve and also restore its function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona M Khaled
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza Square, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa M Ibrahium
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza Square, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I Abdelgalil
- Department of Surgery, Anaesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza Square, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A El-Saied
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza Square, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Samah H El-Bably
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza Square, Giza, 12211, Egypt
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11
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Lyu K, Zhao Y, Zhang M, Tang J, Zhang J, Liu Y, Bian X, Chen X, Chen H, Wang D. Tracking of Protein Adsorption on Poly(l-lactic acid) Film Surfaces: The Role of Molar Mass. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:13534-13545. [PMID: 37712535 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) has been extensively utilized as a biomaterial for various biomedical applications. The first and one of the most critical steps upon contact with biological fluids is the adsorption of proteins on the material's surface. Understanding the behavior of protein adsorption is vital for guiding the synthesis and preparation of PLLA for biomedical purposes. In this study, total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy was employed to investigate the adsorption of human serum albumin (HSA) on PLLA films with different molar masses. We found that molar mass affects HSA adsorption in such a way that it affects only the adsorption rate constants, but not the desorption rate constants. Additionally, we observed that HSA adsorption is spatially heterogeneous and exhibits many strong binding sites regardless of the molar mass of the PLLA films. We found that the free volume of PLLA plays a crucial role in determining its water uptake capacity and surface hydration, consequently impacting the adsorption of HSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixuan Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yuehua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jilin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jidong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yanlong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xinchao Bian
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Hongbo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Dapeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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12
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Fiorentini F, Diment WT, Deacy AC, Kerr RWF, Faulkner S, Williams CK. Understanding catalytic synergy in dinuclear polymerization catalysts for sustainable polymers. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4783. [PMID: 37553344 PMCID: PMC10409799 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40284-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the chemistry underpinning intermetallic synergy and the discovery of generally applicable structure-performances relationships are major challenges in catalysis. Additionally, high-performance catalysts using earth-abundant, non-toxic and inexpensive elements must be prioritised. Here, a series of heterodinuclear catalysts of the form Co(III)M(I/II), where M(I/II) = Na(I), K(I), Ca(II), Sr(II), Ba(II) are evaluated for three different polymerizations, by assessment of rate constants, turn over frequencies, polymer selectivity and control. This allows for comparisons of performances both within and between catalysts containing Group I and II metals for CO2/propene oxide ring-opening copolymerization (ROCOP), propene oxide/phthalic anhydride ROCOP and lactide ring-opening polymerization (ROP). The data reveal new structure-performance correlations that apply across all the different polymerizations: catalysts featuring s-block metals of lower Lewis acidity show higher rates and selectivity. The epoxide/heterocumulene ROCOPs both show exponential activity increases (vs. Lewis acidity, measured by the pKa of [M(OH2)m]n+), whilst the lactide ROP activity and CO2/epoxide selectivity show linear increases. Such clear structure-activity/selectivity correlations are very unusual, yet are fully rationalised by the polymerization mechanisms and the chemistry of the catalytic intermediates. The general applicability across three different polymerizations is significant for future exploitation of catalytic synergy and provides a framework to improve other catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wilfred T Diment
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, OX1 3TA, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Arron C Deacy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, OX1 3TA, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan W F Kerr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, OX1 3TA, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Faulkner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, OX1 3TA, Oxford, United Kingdom
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13
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Vašíček A, Lenfeld P, Běhálek L. Degradation of Polylactic Acid Polymer and Biocomposites Exposed to Controlled Climatic Ageing: Mechanical and Thermal Properties and Structure. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2977. [PMID: 37514367 PMCID: PMC10384364 DOI: 10.3390/polym15142977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper deals with the study of the degradation of polylactic acid (PLA) material structures and biocomposite systems with a PLA matrix containing ground natural particulate waste fillers, buckwheat husks and egg shells. Waste fillers were used without difficult cleaning operations to describe the effect of the raw waste material on PLA. Biocomposites with raw waste materials are increasingly coming to the forefront in car interiors and packaging products. The prepared material systems were exposed to controlled climatic ageing simulating long-term solar radiation and cyclic outdoor conditions. The degradation of the biocomposite systems was evaluated via thermal (differential scanning calorimetry) and mechanical properties (tensile and flexural tests, Charpy impact toughness). In addition to evaluating the degradation of the material structures using standardized tests, the influence and effect of controlled climatic ageing was visually assessed using SEM images (electron microscopy) of the surfaces and fracture surfaces of the test specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Vašíček
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Liberec, Studentska 1402/2, 46117 Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Lenfeld
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Liberec, Studentska 1402/2, 46117 Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Luboš Běhálek
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Liberec, Studentska 1402/2, 46117 Liberec, Czech Republic
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14
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de Bomfim ASC, de Oliveira DM, Benini KCCDC, Cioffi MOH, Voorwald HJC, Rodrigue D. Effect of Spent Coffee Grounds on the Crystallinity and Viscoelastic Behavior of Polylactic Acid Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2719. [PMID: 37376365 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This work investigated the addition of spent coffee grounds (SCG) as a valuable resource to produce biocomposites based on polylactic acid (PLA). PLA has a positive biodegradation effect but generates poor proprieties, depending on its molecular structure. The PLA and SCG (0, 10, 20 and 30 wt.%) were mixed via twin-screw extrusion and molded by compression to determine the effect of composition on several properties, including mechanical (impact strength), physical (density and porosity), thermal (crystallinity and transition temperature) and rheological (melt and solid state). The PLA crystallinity was found to increase after processing and filler addition (34-70% in the 1st heating) due to a heterogeneous nucleation effect, leading to composites with lower glass transition temperature (1-3 °C) and higher stiffness (~15%). Moreover, the composites had lower density (1.29, 1.24 and 1.16 g/cm3) and toughness (30.2, 26.8 and 19.2 J/m) as the filler content increased, which is associated with the presence of rigid particles and residual extractives from SCG. In the melt state, polymeric chain mobility was enhanced, and composites with a higher filler content became less viscous. Overall, the composite with 20 wt.% SCG provided the most balanced properties being similar to or better than neat PLA but at a lower cost. This composite could be applied not only to replace conventional PLA products, such as packaging and 3D printing, but also to other applications requiring lower density and higher stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Shayene Campos de Bomfim
- Fatigue and Aeronautical Materials Research Group, Department of Materials and Technology, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Guaratinguetá 12516-410, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel Magalhães de Oliveira
- Fatigue and Aeronautical Materials Research Group, Department of Materials and Technology, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Guaratinguetá 12516-410, SP, Brazil
| | - Kelly Cristina Coelho de Carvalho Benini
- Fatigue and Aeronautical Materials Research Group, Department of Materials and Technology, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Guaratinguetá 12516-410, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Odila Hilário Cioffi
- Fatigue and Aeronautical Materials Research Group, Department of Materials and Technology, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Guaratinguetá 12516-410, SP, Brazil
| | - Herman Jacobus Cornelis Voorwald
- Fatigue and Aeronautical Materials Research Group, Department of Materials and Technology, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Guaratinguetá 12516-410, SP, Brazil
| | - Denis Rodrigue
- Center for Research on Advanced Materials (CERMA), Department of Chemical Engineering, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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15
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Tansky M, Comito RJ. Bimetallic polymerization of lactide with binaphthol-derived bis-heteroscorpionate dizinc and dimagnesium complexes. Dalton Trans 2023. [PMID: 37318380 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00592e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Discrete bimetallic catalysts often provide enhanced reactivity and selectivity in lactone polymerization, making metal-metal cooperativity an important design principle for new catalyst development. However, the poor modularity of binucleating ligands limits structure-reactivity analysis and optimization. This report describes a modular, binucleating bis(pyrazolyl)alkane ligand series (1-R) bridged by a chiral binaphthol unit, prepared by nucleophile-catalyzed condensation between a dialdehyde and a bis(pyrazolyl)methanone. A bis(ethylzinc) complex was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, but in situ complexation with Zn(HMDS)2 and Mg(HMDS)2 provided more active catalysts for lactide polymerization (HMDS- = hexamethyldisilazide). Structure-reactivity studies identified complexes of 1-Me2 as the most active, and these catalysts show significant enhancements in rate compared to their monometallic analogues. Kinetic analysis resulted in first-order dependence on both mono- and bimetallic catalysts, suggesting metal-metal cooperativity as the basis for this rate enhancement. End-group analysis and low dispersity implicate a coordination-insertion mechanism through an alkoxide. Despite rapid transesterification observed by MALDI, we still demonstrated controlled polymerization in the block copolymerization of ε-caprolactone and L-lactide. Although we observed rate differences in the polymerization of L-lactide by opposite enantiomer catalysts, we did not observe catalyst-directed stereoselectivity in the polymerization of rac- or meso-lactide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxym Tansky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, USA.
| | - Robert J Comito
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, USA.
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16
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Photo- and Water-Degradation Phenomena of ZnO Bio-Blend Based on Poly(lactic acid) and Polyamide 11. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061434. [PMID: 36987214 PMCID: PMC10058673 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of this work was to investigate the morphological and chemical–physical changes induced by adding ZnO nanoparticles to bio-based polymeric materials based on polylactic acid (PLA) and polyamide 11 (PA11). Precisely, the photo- and water-degradation phenomena of nanocomposite materials were monitored. For this purpose, the formulation and characterization of novel bio-nanocomposite blends based on PLA and PA11 at a ratio of 70/30 wt.% filled with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures at different percentages were performed. The effect of ZnO nanoparticles (≤2 wt.%) within the blends was thoroughly explored by employing thermogravimetry (TGA), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). Adding up to 1% wt. of ZnO resulted in a higher thermal stability of the PA11/PLA blends, with a decrement lower than 8% in terms of molar masses (MMs) values being obtained during blend processing at 200 °C. ZnO promoted trans-ester-amide reactions between the two polymers, leading to the formation of PLA/PA11 copolymers. These species could work as compatibilisers at the polymer interface, improving thermal and mechanical properties. However, the addition of higher quantities of ZnO affected such properties, influencing the photo-oxidative behaviour and thus thwarting the material’s application for packaging use. The PLA and blend formulations were subjected to natural aging in seawater for two weeks under natural light exposure. The 0.5% wt. ZnO sample induced polymer degradation with a decrease of 34% in the MMs compared to the neat samples.
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17
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Martínez de Sarasa Buchaca M, de la Cruz-Martínez F, Sánchez-Barba LF, Tejeda J, Rodríguez AM, Castro-Osma JA, Lara-Sánchez A. One-pot terpolymerization of CHO, CO 2 and L-lactide using chloride indium catalysts. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:3482-3492. [PMID: 36843480 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00391d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Ring-opening copolymerization reactions of epoxides, carbon dioxide and cyclic esters to produce copolymers is a promising strategy to prepare CO2-based polymeric materials. In this contribution, bimetallic chloride indium complexes have been developed as catalysts for the copolymerization processes of cyclohexene oxide, carbon dioxide and L-lactide under mild reaction conditions. The catalysts displayed good catalytic activity and excellent selectivity towards the preparation of poly(cyclohexene carbonate) (PCHC) at one bar CO2 pressure in the absence of a co-catalyst. Additionally, polyester-polycarbonate copolymers poly(lactide-co-cyclohexene carbonate) (PLA-co-PCHC) were obtained via an one-pot one-step route without the use of a co-catalyst. The degree of incorporation of carbon dioxide can be easily modulated by changing the CO2 pressure and the monomer feed, resulting in copolymers with different thermal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Martínez de Sarasa Buchaca
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas and Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada-IRICA, 13071-Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Felipe de la Cruz-Martínez
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas and Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada-IRICA, 13071-Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Luis F Sánchez-Barba
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, 28933 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Tejeda
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas and Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada-IRICA, 13071-Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Ana M Rodríguez
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas and Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada-IRICA, 13071-Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - José A Castro-Osma
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Dpto. de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, 02071-Albacete, Spain.
| | - Agustín Lara-Sánchez
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica-Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas and Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada-IRICA, 13071-Ciudad Real, Spain.
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18
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Fully biobased poly(lactic acid)/lignin composites compatibilized by epoxidized natural rubber. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 236:123960. [PMID: 36921823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Biobased poly(lactic acid)/lignin (PLA/lignin) composites are limited by poor mechanical properties resulted from poor compatibility and low interfacial adhesion. Herein, we reported a novel approach to improve compatibility and interfacial adhesion of PLA/lignin composites via reactive compatibilization with epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) as a compatibilizer. Interfacial tension calculation indicated that lignin tended to act as interfacial phase between PLA and ENR, but morphology analysis demonstrated lignin was wrapped with a layer of ENR and dispersed in PLA matrix, which was attributed to the interfacial reaction of ENR with both PLA and lignin. The interfacial reaction was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The compatibility and interfacial adhesion between PLA and lignin were improved significantly by incorporation and increase in the content of ENR, as evidenced by the reduced interfacial gaps, blurry phase boundaries, and enhanced elastic response. As such, the mechanical properties of PLA/lignin composites were enhanced significantly. The tensile strength and elongation at break of PLA/lignin (W/W, 80/20) were improved by 15 % and 77 %, respectively, with the incorporation of only 1 wt% ENR. We believe this approach to compatibilize PLA/lignin composites is promising because it would not require costly modification of lignin and would not compromise the sustainability of composites.
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19
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Synthesis by Melt-Polymerization of a Novel Series of Bio-Based and Biodegradable Thiophene-Containing Copolyesters with Promising Gas Barrier and High Thermomechanical Properties. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041825. [PMID: 36838821 PMCID: PMC9965281 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Volatile global oil prices, owing to the scarcity of fossil resources, have impacted the cost of producing petrochemicals. Therefore, there is a need to seek novel, renewable chemicals from biomass feedstocks that have comparable properties to petrochemicals. In this study, synthesis, thermal and mechanical properties, and degradability studies of a novel series of sustainable thiophene-based copolyesters like poly(hexylene 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylate-co-bis(2-hydroxyethoxybenzene) (PTBxHy) were conducted via a controlled melt polymerization method. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy techniques elucidated the degree of randomness and structural properties of copolyesters. Meanwhile, gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis showed a high average molecular weight in the range of 67.4-78.7 × 103 g/mol. The glass transition temperature (Tg) was between 69.4 and 105.5 °C, and the melting point between 173.7 and 194.2 °C. The synthesized polymers outperformed poly(ethylene 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylate) (PETF) and behaved similarly to polyethylene terephthalate. The copolyesters exhibited a high tensile strength of 46.4-70.5 MPa and a toughness of more than 600%, superior to their corresponding homopolyesters. The copolyesters, which ranged from 1,4-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)benzene thiophenedicarboxylate (TBB)-enriched to hexylene thiophenedicarboxylate (THH)-enriched, offered significant control over crystallinity, thermal and mechanical properties. Enzymatic hydrolysis of synthetized polymers using porcine pancreatic lipase (PP-L) over a short period resulted in significant weight losses of 9.6, 11.4, 30.2, and 35 wt%, as observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), with perforations visible on all surfaces of the films. Thus, thiophene-based polyesters with cyclic aromatic structures similar to terephthalic acid (TPA) show great promise as PET mimics. At the same time, PP-L appears to be a promising biocatalyst for the degradation of bioplastic waste and its recycling via re-synthesis processes.
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20
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Laezza A, Celeste A, Curcio M, Teghil R, De Bonis A, Brutti S, Pepe A, Bochicchio B. Cellulose Nanocrystals as Additives in Electrospun Biocompatible Separators for Aprotic Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2023; 5:1453-1463. [PMID: 36817333 PMCID: PMC9926463 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.2c01956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This work concerns the study of electrospun scaffolds as separators for aprotic lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) composed of the amorphous poly-d,l-lactide (PDLLA), in solution concentrations of 8, 10, and 12 wt % and in different ratios with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). PDLLA has been studied for the first time as a separator, taking into account its amorphous character that could facilitate electrolyte incorporation into the polymer matrix and influence ionic conductivity, together with CNCs, for reducing the hydrophobicity of the scaffolds. The embedding of the nanocrystals in the scaffolds was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The polymer combination influenced the nanofibrous morphology as evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and modulated the electrochemical behavior of the membranes that was investigated through linear sweep voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests. Among the studied categories, the P12 series displayed a nonhomogeneous electrolyte resistance and electrochemical stability, differently from P10, whose results suggested their application in LIBs with standard formulation, as confirmed by a preliminary performance test of the P10N6 formulation in a full Li-ion cell configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Laezza
- Department
of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano
10, Potenza85100, Italy
| | - Arcangelo Celeste
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università di Roma La
Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Roma00185, Italy
| | - Mariangela Curcio
- Department
of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano
10, Potenza85100, Italy
| | - Roberto Teghil
- Department
of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano
10, Potenza85100, Italy
| | - Angela De Bonis
- Department
of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano
10, Potenza85100, Italy
| | - Sergio Brutti
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università di Roma La
Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Roma00185, Italy
- GISEL—National
Centre of Reference for Electrochemical Energy Storage Systems, INSTM, Via G. Giusti 9, Firenze50121, Italy
| | - Antonietta Pepe
- Department
of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano
10, Potenza85100, Italy
| | - Brigida Bochicchio
- Department
of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale dell’Ateneo Lucano
10, Potenza85100, Italy
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21
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Akintayo DC, Munzeiwa WA, Jonnalagadda SB, Omondi B. Ring-opening polymerization of lactides and ε-caprolactone catalyzed by Zn(II) aryl carboxylate complexes supported by 4-pyridinyl schiff base ligands. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13514. [PMID: 36846710 PMCID: PMC9950825 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthesis and catalytic studies of aryl carboxylate Zn (II) complexes is reported. Reaction of substituted (E)-N-phenyl-1-(pyridin-4-yl)methanimine with a methanolic solution of Zn(CH3COO)2 and substituted aryl carboxylate co-ligands gave heteroleptic Zn(II) complexes; [Zn(C6H5COO)2(L1)]2 (1), [Zn(C7H7COO)2(L1)]2 (2), [Zn (4-F-C6H4COO)2(L1)]2 (3), [Zn(C6H5COO)2(L2)]2 (4), [Zn(C7H7COO)2(L2)]2 (5), [Zn (4-F-C6H4COO)2(L2)]2 (6), [Zn(C6H5COO)2(L3)]2 (7), [Zn(C7H7COO)2(L3)]2 (8), [Zn (4-F-C6H4COO)2(L3)]2 (9). The molecular structures of complexes 1 and 4 are dinuclear with the zinc atom in complex 1 adopting a distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry in a bi-metallacycle while complex 4 is square pyramidal where all four benzoate ligands bridge the zinc metals in a paddle wheel arrangement. All complexes successfully initiated mass/bulk ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of ϵ-caprolactone (ϵ-CL) and lactides (LAs) monomers with or without alcohol co-initiators at elevated temperatures. Complexes 1, 4 and 6 containing the unsubstituted benzoate co-ligands were the most active in their triad; with complex 4 being the most active (k app) of 0.3450 h-1. The physicochemical properties of the polymerization products of l-lactide and rac-lactide in toluene revealed melting temperatures (Tm) between 116.58 °C and 188.03 °C, and decomposition temperatures between 278.78 °C and 331.32 °C suggestive of an isotactic PLA with a metal capped end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damilola C. Akintayo
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Wisdom A. Munzeiwa
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa,Chemistry Department, Bindura University of Science Education, Private Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe
| | - Sreekantha B. Jonnalagadda
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Bernard Omondi
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa,Corresponding author.
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Bioplastics: Innovation for Green Transition. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030517. [PMID: 36771817 PMCID: PMC9920607 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioplastics are one of the possible alternative solutions to the polymers of petrochemical origins. Bioplastics have several advantages over traditional plastics in terms of low carbon footprint, energy efficiency, biodegradability and versatility. Although they have numerous benefits and are revolutionizing many application fields, they also have several weaknesses, such as brittleness, high-water absorption, low crystallization ability and low thermal degradation temperature. These drawbacks can be a limiting factor that prevents their use in many applications. Nonetheless, reinforcements and plasticizers can be added to bioplastic production as a way to overcome such limitations. Bioplastics materials are not yet studied in depth, but it is with great optimism that their industrial use and market scenarios are increasing; such growth can be a positive driver for more research in this field. National and international investments in the bioplastics industry can also promote the green transition. International projects, such as EcoPlast and Animpol, aim to study and develop new polymeric materials made from alternative sources. One of their biggest problems is their waste management; there is no separation process yet to recycle the nonbiodegradable bioplastics, and they are considered contaminants when mixed with other polymers. Some materials use additives, and their impact on the microplastics they leave after breaking apart is subject to debate. For this reason, it is important to consider their life cycle analysis and assess their environmental viability. These are materials that can possibly be processed in various ways, including conventional processes used for petrochemical ones. Those include injection moulding and extrusion, as well as digital manufacturing. This and the possibility to use these materials in several applications is one of their greatest strengths. All these aspects will be discussed in this review.
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23
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Liu R, Li X, Ma K, Chen Z, Tang C. Sustainable production of bio-propionic acid: synergy between vacancy and thermoelectron in MoS 2/MoO 3 composite-enhanced hydrodeoxygenation of lactic acid. Catal Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy01913b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The MoS2/MoO3 composite offered superior conversion (90.4%) of lactic acid and propionic acid selectivity (88.4%) since the hydroxyl-specific site in the lactic acid molecule was accurately activated by a sulfur vacancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, P.R. China
| | - Xinli Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, P.R. China
| | - Kai Ma
- Synthetic Lubricants Research Institute of Sinopec Lubricant Co., Ltd., Chongqing 400039, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, P.R. China
| | - Congming Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, P.R. China
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24
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Meng X, Qi Z, Yu L, Zhang Y. Catalytic System for Poly(lactic acid) Synthesis: Opportunities and Challenges. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202206051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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25
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Venâncio C, Lopes I, Oliveira M. Bioplastics: known effects and potential consequences to marine and estuarine ecosystem services. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 309:136810. [PMID: 36228730 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bioplastics have been suggested as more sustainable alternatives to conventional, petroleum-based plastics. In this work, the available studies comparing effects of biopolymers and petroleum-based plastics were reviewed to improve the knowledge on the sustainability of biobased polymers, providing a benchmark regarding their ecotoxicological effects, as well as to highlight research priorities in this field. The literature review shows that, only a small number of the available biopolymers have been tested highlighting the need for more research diversifying the tested polymers. Overall, the available studies support the idea that bioplastics are likely to cause physiological impairments (feeding, reproduction, or locomotion) as well as cellular (proteome and enzyme activity) effects on biota. Furthermore, the studies on bioplastic degradation under realistic conditions report changes in water and sediment quality, which may also have consequences to biota. It is evident that some reservations must be kept regarding conventional plastics substitutions by bioplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Venâncio
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Isabel Lopes
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Miguel Oliveira
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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26
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Benny Mattam L, Bijoy A, Abraham Thadathil D, George L, Varghese A. Conducting Polymers: A Versatile Material for Biomedical Applications. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liya Benny Mattam
- Department of Chemistry CHRIST (Deemed to be University) Hosur Road, Bengaluru Karnataka 560029 India
| | - Anusha Bijoy
- Department of Chemistry CHRIST (Deemed to be University) Hosur Road, Bengaluru Karnataka 560029 India
| | - Ditto Abraham Thadathil
- Department of Chemistry CHRIST (Deemed to be University) Hosur Road, Bengaluru Karnataka 560029 India
| | - Louis George
- Department of Chemistry CHRIST (Deemed to be University) Hosur Road, Bengaluru Karnataka 560029 India
| | - Anitha Varghese
- Department of Chemistry CHRIST (Deemed to be University) Hosur Road, Bengaluru Karnataka 560029 India
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27
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Wu Y, Wang Y, Wang F, Huang Y, He J. Preparation of 3D Printed Polylactic Acid/Bacterial Cellulose Composite Scaffold for Tissue Engineering Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:4756. [PMID: 36365749 PMCID: PMC9657219 DOI: 10.3390/polym14214756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) has become a universal biomaterial owing to its intrinsic properties. BC fibers are composed of microfibers with a diameter of 3-4 nm into fiber bundles with a thickness of 40-60 nm, and interweave with each other to form a well-developed ultra-fine network structure. Polylactic acid (PLA) has good mechanical properties and excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. Therefore, PLA has been widely applied in tissue engineering. Addressed herein is a novel type of PLA/BC (PLA/BC) composite scaffold prepared by 3D printing (3D), 3D modeling of the required porous membrane material support established in the computer, and decomposition of the model into 5 layer 20 μM sheets. The range of PLA loadings assessed in this work was 1.0 wt.%, 1.5 wt.%, and 2.0 wt.%, and its physicochemical properties and biological properties were characterized and evaluated. Tensile strength of PLA/BC composite scaffolds increased to 66.49 MPa compared to that of a pure BC film (25.61 MPa). Hydrophilicity was tunable with the amount of added PLA. In this paper, the effects of 3D round hole and stripe surface topology on cell growth behavior were characterized. Schwann cells (SCs) adhered to the surface of the 3D composite membrane successfully, and their proliferation rate on the surface of the regular circular pore and stripe structure was better than that of the smooth surface. Erythrocyte fixation and platelet adhesion experiments showed that the 3D composite scaffold had excellent blood compatibility. Further degradation studies showed that loose structures appeared after 1 week, and structural defects began after 3 weeks. The in vitro degradation results showed that the degradation rate of the BC membrane in simulated body fluid after 6 weeks was 14.38%, while the degradation rate of the PLA/BC composite scaffold was 18.75%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Wu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yunfeng Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Laboratory for Space Environment and Physical Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yudong Huang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jinmei He
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
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28
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Chang CJ, Lee W, Liou YC, Chang YL, Lai YC, Ding S, Chen HY, Chen HY, Chang YC. Synergy Effect of Aluminum Complexes During the Ring-Opening Polymerization of ε-Caprolactone: Inductive Effects Between Dinuclear Metal Catalysts. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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29
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Wang Y, Liu J, Li C, Xiao Y, Wu S, Zhang B. Synthesis and characterization of poly(butylene terephthalate-co-glycolic acid) biodegradable copolyesters. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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30
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Microplastic burden in Africa: A review of occurrence, impacts, and sustainability potential of bioplastics. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2022.100402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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31
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Effect of Nucleating Agents Addition on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Natural Fiber-Reinforced Polylactic Acid Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14204263. [PMID: 36297841 PMCID: PMC9607137 DOI: 10.3390/polym14204263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, natural fiber-reinforced polylactic acid (NFRP) composite materials were prepared by adding nucleating agents (NAs) and natural fiber (NF) to compensate for the low thermal stability and brittleness of polylactic acid (PLA). The thermal stability of the fabricated composite material was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. In addition, the tensile modulus of elasticity according to the crystallinity of the composite was measured. The crystallinity of the PLA composite increased to ~700% upon the addition of the NA; thus, the thermal stability also increased. However, the changes in crystallinity and tensile modulus were insignificant when the concentration of the NA added was 4 wt.% or higher. The study demonstrates that the addition of NA and NF is effective in improving the thermal stability and mechanical properties of NFRP.
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32
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Hador R, Shuster M, Venditto V, Kol M. Stereogradient Poly(Lactic Acid) from meso-Lactide/L-Lactide Mixtures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207652. [PMID: 35789524 PMCID: PMC9796763 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The production of L-lactide from L-lactic acid involves a substantial formation of meso-lactide as an impurity, and, upon polymerization with the industrial catalyst tin octanoate, results in poly(L-lactic acid) of reduced crystallinity due to stereoerrors randomly distributed along the polymer chains. We describe a new approach wherein, instead of avoiding stereoerrors by removing the meso-lactide prior to polymerization, the stereoerrors in the polymer are tolerated, by crowding them in a stereogradient copolymer. A zirconium complex of an amine tris(phenolate) ligand is found to exhibit very high syndioselectivity in the ring opening polymerization catalysis of meso-lactide at room temperature, and gives rise to stereogradient copolymers in the polymerization of mixtures of meso-lactide/L-lactide in the melt at 180 °C. Relative to the stereo-random copolymers obtained with tin octanoate, the stereogradient copolymers exhibit enhanced crystallinities manifested in lower solubilities and higher melting temperatures and enthalpies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Hador
- School of ChemistryTel Aviv UniversityRamat AvivTel Aviv6997801Israel
| | | | - Vincenzo Venditto
- Department of Chemistry and Biology A. Zambelli, and INSTM Research UnitUniversity of SalernoVia Giovanni Paolo II 13284084Fisciano (SA)Italy
| | - Moshe Kol
- School of ChemistryTel Aviv UniversityRamat AvivTel Aviv6997801Israel
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33
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Effect of Different Comonomers Added to Graft Copolymers on the Properties of PLA/PPC/PLA-g-GMA Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194088. [PMID: 36236042 PMCID: PMC9573763 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The melt-free radical grafting of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) onto poly (lactic acid) (PLA) with styrene (St), α-methylstyrene (AMS), and epoxy resin (EP) as comonomers in a twin-screw extruder was used to prepare PLA-g-GMA graft copolymers. The prepared graft copolymers were then used as compatibilizers to prepare PLA/PPC/PLA-g-GMA blends by melt blending with PLA and polypropylene carbonate (PPC), respectively. The effects of different comonomers in the PLA-g-GMA graft copolymers on the thermal, rheological, optical, and mechanical properties and microstructure of the blends were studied. It was found that the grafting degree of PLA-g-GMA graft copolymers was increased to varying degrees after the introduction of comonomers in the PLA-g-GMA grafting reaction system. When St was used as the comonomer, the grafting degree of the PLA-g-GMA graft copolymer increased most significantly, from 0.8 to 1.6 phr. St as a comonomer also most improved the compatibility between PLA and PPC, and the haze of the blends was reduced while maintaining high transmittance. In addition, the PLA-g-GMA graft copolymer with the introduction of St as a comonomer significantly improved the impact toughness of the blends, while the thermal stability and tensile strength of the blends remained largely unchanged.
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34
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Ghosh S, Schulte Y, Wölper C, Tjaberings A, Gröschel AH, Haberhauer G, Schulz S. Cooperative Effect in Binuclear Zinc Catalysts in the ROP of Lactide. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Swarup Ghosh
- Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 7, S07S03C30, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Yannick Schulte
- Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 7, S07S03C30, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 7, S07S03C30, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Alexander Tjaberings
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Münster and Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), Busso-Peus-Strasse 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - André H. Gröschel
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Münster and Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), Busso-Peus-Strasse 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Gebhard Haberhauer
- Organic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 7, S07S05C39, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Inorganic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstraße 7, S07S03C30, 45141 Essen, Germany
- Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), Carl-Benz-Straße 199, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
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35
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Khan BS, Flores-Romero V, LeBlanc J, Lavoie GG. Lactide Polymerization Using Zinc Dichloride Complexes Containing a Neutral Bidentate Ligand with a Diacylated Cyclic Guanidine. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon S. Khan
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Víctor Flores-Romero
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Jesse LeBlanc
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Gino G. Lavoie
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
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36
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Bodin JB, Gateau J, Coïs J, Lucas T, Lefebvre F, Moine L, Noiray M, Cailleau C, Denis S, Clavier G, Tsapis N, Méallet-Renault R. Biocompatible and Photostable Photoacoustic Contrast Agents as Nanoparticles Based on Bodipy Scaffold and Polylactide Polymers: Synthesis, Formulation, and In Vivo Evaluation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:40501-40512. [PMID: 36044427 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c04874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We have designed a new Bodipy scaffold for efficient in vivo photoacoustic (PA) imaging of nanoparticles commonly used as drug nanovectors. The new dye has an optimized absorption band in the near-infrared window in biological tissue and a low fluorescence quantum yield that leads to a good photoacoustic generation efficiency. After Bodipy-initiated ring-opening polymerization of lactide, the polylactide-Bodipy was formulated into PEGylated nanoparticles (NPs) by mixing with PLA-PEG at different concentrations. Formulated NPs around 100 nm exhibit excellent PA properties: an absorption band at 760 nm and a molar absorption coefficient in between that of molecular PA absorbers and gold NPs. Highly improved photostability compared to cyanine-labeled PLA NPs as well as innocuity in cultured macrophages were demonstrated. After intravenous injection in healthy animals, NPs were easily detected using a commercial PA imaging system and spectral unmixing, opening the way to their use as theranostic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Bodin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Jérôme Gateau
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, LIB, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Justine Coïs
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, PPSM, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Théotim Lucas
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, LIB, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Flora Lefebvre
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Laurence Moine
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Magali Noiray
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Catherine Cailleau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Stéphanie Denis
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Gilles Clavier
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, PPSM, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Nicolas Tsapis
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Rachel Méallet-Renault
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France
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37
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Supercritical Fluid Extraction from Zataria multiflora Boiss and Impregnation of Bioactive Compounds in PLA for the Development of Materials with Antibacterial Properties. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10091787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In this research, the extraction with supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) and the subsequent impregnation of the extracted bioactive compounds from Zataria multiflora Boiss (Z. multiflora) into polylactic acid (PLA) films was investigated. The effects of temperature (318 and 338 K), pressure (15 and 25 MPa) and cosolvent presence (0 and 3 mol%) on the extraction yield were studied. The SC-CO2 assisted impregnation runs were carried out in a discontinuous mode at different pressure (15 and 25 MPa), temperature (318 and 328 K), and time (2 and 8 h) values, using 0.5 MPa min−1 as a constant value of depressurization rate. ANOVA results confirmed that pressure, temperature, and time influenced the extraction yield. Moreover, antioxidant activities of extracts of Z. multiflora were evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assays. In addition, the antibacterial activities of the extracts were screened against standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). The results of this investigation indicated that extracts obtained from the aerial parts of Z. multiflora possessed antioxidant and antibacterial properties. The impregnated samples presented strong antibacterial activity against the selected microorganisms.
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38
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Brehm J, Wilde MV, Reiche L, Leitner LC, Petran B, Meinhart M, Wieland S, Ritschar S, Schott M, Boos JP, Frei S, Kress H, Senker J, Greiner A, Fröhlich T, Laforsch C. In-depth characterization revealed polymer type and chemical content specific effects of microplastic on Dreissena bugensis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 437:129351. [PMID: 35728319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In aquatic ecosystems, filter feeders like mussels are particularly vulnerable to microplastics (MP). However, little is known about how the polymer type and the associated properties (like additives or remaining monomers) of MP impact organisms, as the predominant type of MP used for effect studies on the organismic level are micron grade polystyrene spheres, without considering their chemical composition. Therefore, we exposed the freshwater mussel Dreissena bugensis (D. bugensis) to in-depth characterized fragments in the same concentration and size range (20-120 µm): recycled polyethylene terephthalate from drinking bottles, polyamide, polystyrene, polylactic acid, and mussel shell fragments as natural particle control. Real-time valvometry, used to study behavioral responses via the movement of the mussels' valves, showed that mussels cannot distinguish between natural and MP particles, and therefore do not cease their filtration, as when exposed to dissolved pollutants. This unintentional ingestion led to polymer type-dependent adverse effects (activity of antioxidant enzymes and proteomic alterations), related to chemicals and residual monomers found in MP. Overall, recycled PET elicited the strongest negative effects, likely caused by anthranilamide, anthranilonitrile and butylated hydroxytoluene, contained in the fragments, which are toxic to aquatic organisms. As PET is among the most abundant MP in the environment, sublethal effects may gradually manifest at the population level, leading to irreversible ecosystem changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Brehm
- University of Bayreuth, Animal Ecology I, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Magdalena V Wilde
- LMU Munich, Gene Center Munich, Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Feodor-Lynen Straße 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Lukas Reiche
- University of Bayreuth, Animal Ecology I, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Lisa-Cathrin Leitner
- University of Bayreuth, Macromolecular Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Benedict Petran
- University of Bayreuth, Macromolecular Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Marcel Meinhart
- University of Bayreuth, Inorganic Chemistry III and Northern Bavarian NMR Centre, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Simon Wieland
- University of Bayreuth, Animal Ecology I, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; University of Bayreuth, Biological Physics, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Sven Ritschar
- University of Bayreuth, Animal Ecology I, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Matthias Schott
- University of Bayreuth, Animal Ecology I, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Jan-Pascal Boos
- University of Bayreuth, Department of Hydrology and Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BAYCEER), Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Sven Frei
- University of Bayreuth, Department of Hydrology and Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BAYCEER), Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Holger Kress
- University of Bayreuth, Biological Physics, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Jürgen Senker
- University of Bayreuth, Inorganic Chemistry III and Northern Bavarian NMR Centre, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Andreas Greiner
- University of Bayreuth, Macromolecular Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Thomas Fröhlich
- LMU Munich, Gene Center Munich, Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Feodor-Lynen Straße 25, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Laforsch
- University of Bayreuth, Animal Ecology I, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.
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39
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Rapid biodegradation of high molecular weight semi-crystalline polylactic acid at ambient temperature via enzymatic and alkaline hydrolysis by a defined bacterial consortium. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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40
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Glöckler E, Ghosh S, Wölper C, Coban D, Gröschel AH, Schulz S. Binuclear ketodiiminate magnesium complexes for the ROP of cyclic -Lactide and ε-Caprolactone. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.115918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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41
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Kol M, Hador R, Shuster M, Venditto V. Stereogradient Poly(Lactic Acid) from meso‐Lactide / L‐Lactide Mixtures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moshe Kol
- Tel Aviv University School of Chemistry Ramat Aviv 69978 Tel Aviv ISRAEL
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42
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Ren F, Li X, Xian J, Han X, Cao L, Pan X, Wu J. Bench‐stable potassium complexes for living and isoselective
ring‐opening
polymerization of
rac‐lactide. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fangping Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (Lanzhou University), Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Xinlei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (Lanzhou University), Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Ji Xian
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (Lanzhou University), Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Xinning Han
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Ningxia Normal University Guyuan China
| | - Luya Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (Lanzhou University), Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
- State Key Laboratory of Baiyunobo Rare Earth Resource Researches and Comprehensive Utilization Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths Baotou China
| | - Xiaobo Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (Lanzhou University), Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Jincai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (Lanzhou University), Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University Lanzhou China
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Materials informatics approach using domain modelling for exploring structure-property relationships of polymers. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10558. [PMID: 35732681 PMCID: PMC9217937 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14394-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the development of polymer materials, it is an important issue to explore the complex relationships between domain structure and physical properties. In the domain structure analysis of polymer materials, 1H-static solid-state NMR (ssNMR) spectra can provide information on mobile, rigid, and intermediate domains. But estimation of domain structure from its analysis is difficult due to the wide overlap of spectra from multiple domains. Therefore, we have developed a materials informatics approach that combines the domain modeling (http://dmar.riken.jp/matrigica/) and the integrated analysis of meta-information (the elements, functional groups, additives, and physical properties) in polymer materials. Firstly, the 1H-static ssNMR data of 120 polymer materials were subjected to a short-time Fourier transform to obtain frequency, intensity, and T2 relaxation time for domains with different mobility. The average T2 relaxation time of each domain is 0.96 ms for Mobile, 0.55 ms for Intermediate (Mobile), 0.32 ms for Intermediate (Rigid), and 0.11 ms for Rigid. Secondly, the estimated domain proportions were integrated with meta-information such as elements, functional group and thermophysical properties and was analyzed using a self-organization map and market basket analysis. This proposed method can contribute to explore structure–property relationships of polymer materials with multiple domains.
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Tian T, Feng C, Wang Y, Zhu X, Yuan D, Yao Y. Synthesis of N-Methyl- o-phenylenediamine-Bridged Bis(phenolato) Lanthanide Alkoxides and Their Catalytic Performance for the (Co)Polymerization of rac-Butyrolactone and l-Lactide. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:9918-9929. [PMID: 35723524 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of lanthanide alkoxo complexes supported by ONNO salalen ligands were synthesized and characterized. A one-pot reaction of LH2 (L = (2-O-C6H2-tBu2-3,5)CH═N-C6H4-N(CH3)CH2(2-O-C6H2-tBu2-3,5)) with LnCp3(THF) in a 1:1 molar ratio followed by the addition of 1 equiv of ROH (R = Bn, iPr, and CF3CH2), afforded the dimeric lanthanide alkoxo complexes [LLn(μ-OCH2Ph)]2 [Ln = Lu (1), Yb (2), Sm (3), Nd (4)], [L2Yb(μ-OiPr)]2 (5), and [L2Yb(μ-OCH2CF3)]2 (6) in good isolated yields. All these lanthanide complexes were characterized by elemental analysis and FT-IR spectroscopy. In addition, complex 1 has been characterized by NMR spectroscopy. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of complexes 1, 2, 5, and 6 showed that these lanthanide alkoxo complexes are dimeric in the solid state. Complexes 1-6 showed good activity toward the homopolymerization of rac-butyrolactone (rac-BBL) to give atactic PHB, and ionic radii of central metals have profound influence on the polymerization. The polymerization behavior of l-lactide (l-LA) initiated by complex 2 was also explored. The kinetic study revealed that the polymerizations of rac-BBL and l-LA initiated by salalen lanthanide akoxide are first order for both the monomer and the initiator concentrations. Furthermore, it was found that complexes 1 and 2 showed good activity in the copolymerization of l-LA and rac-BBL, affording gradient copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tian
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Dushu Lake Campus, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunping Feng
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Dushu Lake Campus, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaorong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Dushu Lake Campus, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuehua Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Dushu Lake Campus, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingming Yao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Dushu Lake Campus, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
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de França JOC, da Silva Valadares D, Paiva MF, Dias SCL, Dias JA. Polymers Based on PLA from Synthesis Using D,L-Lactic Acid (or Racemic Lactide) and Some Biomedical Applications: A Short Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122317. [PMID: 35745893 PMCID: PMC9229942 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is an important polymer that is based on renewable biomass resources. Because of environmental issues, more renewable sources for polymers synthesis have been sought for industrial purposes. In this sense, cheaper monomers should be used to facilitate better utilization of less valuable chemicals and therefore granting more sustainable processes. Some points are raised about the need to study the total degradability of any PLA, which may require specific composting conditions (e.g., temperature, type of microorganism, adequate humidity and aerobic environment). Polymerization processes to produce PLA are presented with an emphasis on D,L-lactic acid (or rac-lactide) as the reactant monomer. The syntheses involving homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic processes to produce poly(D,L-Lactic acid) (PDLLA) are also addressed. Additionally, the production of blends, copolymers, and composites with PDLLA are also presented exemplifying different preparation methods. Some general applications of these materials mostly dedicated to the biomedical area over the last 10–15 years will be pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - José Alves Dias
- Correspondence: (S.C.L.D.); (J.A.D.); Tel.: +55-61-3107-3846 (J.A.D.); Fax: 55-61-3107-3900 (J.A.D.)
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Polymer Processing under Microwaves. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/3961233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decades, microwave heating has experienced a great development and reached various domains of application, especially in material processing. In the field of polymers, this unusual source of energy showed important advantages arising from the direct microwave/matter interaction. Indeed, microwave heating allows regio-, chemio-, and stereo-selectivity, faster chemical reactions, and higher yields even in solvent-free processes. Thus, this heating mode provides a good alternative to the conventional heating by reducing time and energy consumption, hence reducing the costs and ecological impact of polymer chemistry and processing. This review states some achievements in the use of microwaves as energy source during the synthesis and transformation of polymers. Both in-solution and free-solvent processes are described at different scales, with comparison between microwave and conventional heating.
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Garavand F, Rouhi M, Jafarzadeh S, Khodaei D, Cacciotti I, Zargar M, Razavi SH. Tuning the Physicochemical, Structural, and Antimicrobial Attributes of Whey-Based Poly (L-Lactic Acid) (PLLA) Films by Chitosan Nanoparticles. Front Nutr 2022; 9:880520. [PMID: 35571878 PMCID: PMC9097867 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.880520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the research and innovation to produce raw materials from microbial processes has gained much attention due to their economic and environmental impacts. Lactic acid is a very important microbial product due to its wide application in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and chemical industries. In the current study, poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA) was produced by the ring opening polymerization (ROP) technique of L-lactic acid recovered from whey fermentation, and was used for the production of nanocomposites films reinforced with chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) (average diameter ca. 100–200 nm). Three different CNPs concentrations, namely 1, 3, and 5% w/w, were tested, and their influence on the physical, mechanical, thermal, antibacterial and structural attributes of PLLA film was assessed. The results showed that the addition of CNPs up to 3% caused a significant improvement in water vapor permeability, appearance, tensile strength and elongation at break. The antibacterial properties of nanocomposites followed a dose-depended pattern as a result of CNPs addition. Therefore, the best inhibitory effects on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was made by the addition of 5% of CNPs and lower dosages slightly affected the growth of pathogens or didn't cause any inhibitory effects (in 1% of CNPs). It can be concluded that the incorporation of CNPs into the PLLA matrix allows to improve the structural, thermal, physical, mechanical and antibacterial properties of the polymer, generating promising systems for food packaging and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Garavand
- Department of Food Chemistry and Technology, Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre, County Cork, Ireland
- Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory (BPEL), Department of Food Science, Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
- *Correspondence: Farhad Garavand
| | - Milad Rouhi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shima Jafarzadeh
- School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Diako Khodaei
- Department of Sport, Exercise, and Nutrition, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology (GMIT), Galway, Ireland
| | - Ilaria Cacciotti
- Department of Engineering, INSTM RU, University of Rome “Niccolò Cusano”, Rome, Italy
- Ilaria Cacciotti
| | - Masoumeh Zargar
- School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Seyed Hadi Razavi
- Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory (BPEL), Department of Food Science, Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
- Seyed Hadi Razavi
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Lamberti FM, Román-Ramírez LA, Dove AP, Wood J. Methanolysis of Poly(lactic Acid) Using Catalyst Mixtures and the Kinetics of Methyl Lactate Production. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14091763. [PMID: 35566932 PMCID: PMC9105383 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Polylactic acid (PLA) is a leading bioplastic of which the market share is predicted to increase in the future; its growing production capacity means its end-of-life treatment is becoming increasingly important. One beneficial disposal route for PLA is its chemical recycling via alcoholysis. The alcoholysis of PLA leads to the generation of value-added products alkyl lactates; this route also has potential for a circular economy. In this work, PLA was chemically recycled via methanolysis to generate methyl lactate (MeLa). Four commercially available catalysts were investigated: zinc acetate dihydrate (Zn(OAc)2), magnesium acetate tetrahydrate (Mg(OAc)2), 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP), and triazabicyclodecene (TBD). Dual catalyst experiments displayed an increase in reactivity when Zn(OAc)2 was paired with TBD or DMAP, or when Mg(OAc)2 was paired with TBD. Zn(OAc)2 coupled with TBD displayed the greatest reactivity. Out of the single catalyst reactions, Zn(OAc)2 exhibited the highest activity: a higher mol% was found to increase reaction rate but plateaued at 4 mol%, and a higher equivalent of methanol was found to increase the reaction rate, but plateaued at 17 equivalents. PLA methanolysis was modelled as a two-step reversible reaction; the activation energies were estimated at: Ea1 = 25.23 kJ∙mol−1, Ea2 = 34.16 kJ∙mol−1 and Ea-2 = 47.93 kJ∙mol−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio M. Lamberti
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Luis A. Román-Ramírez
- Division of Chemical and Energy Engineering, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SE1 0AA, UK;
| | - Andrew P. Dove
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Joseph Wood
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
- Correspondence:
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Martins RC, Ribeiro SPDS, Rezende MJC, Nascimento RSV, Nascimento MAC, Batistella M, Lopez-Cuesta JM. Flame-Retarding Properties of Injected and 3D-Printed Intumescent Bio-Based PLA Composites: The Influence of Brønsted and Lewis Acidity of Montmorillonite. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14091702. [PMID: 35566871 PMCID: PMC9105856 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of processing intumescent bio-based poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites by injection and fused filament fabrication (FFF) was evaluated. A raw (ANa) and two acidic-activated (AH2 and AH5) montmorillonites were added to the intumescent formulation, composed by lignin and ammonium polyphosphate, in order to evaluate the influence of the strength and the nature (Brønsted or Lewis) of their acidic sites on the fire behavior of the composites. The thermal stability and the volatile thermal degradation products of the composites were assessed. The injected and 3D-printed composites were submitted to cone calorimeter (CC), limit oxygen index (LOI), and UL-94 flammability tests. A similar tendency was observed for the injected and 3D-printed samples. The high density of strong Lewis sites in AH2 showed to be detrimental to the fire-retarding properties. For the CC test, the addition of the intumescent composite reduced the peak of heat released (pHRR) in approximately 49% when compared to neat PLA, while the composites containing ANa and AH5 presented a reduction of at least 54%. However, the addition of AH2 caused a pHRR reduction of around 47%, close to the one of the composite without clay (49%). In the LOI tests, the composites containing ANa and AH5 achieved the best results: 39% and 35%, respectively, for the injected samples, and 35 and 38% for the 3D-printed samples. For the composite containing AH2 the LOI values were 34% and 32% for injected and 3D-printed samples, respectively. Overall, the best performance in the flammability tests was achieved by the composites containing clays with only weak and moderate strength acidic sites (ANa and AH5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Raíssa Carvalho Martins
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, CT, Bloco A, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil; (S.P.S.R.); (M.J.C.R.); (R.S.V.N.); (M.A.C.N.)
- Polymères Composites et Hybrides (PCH), IMT Mines Alès, 6, Avenue de Clavières, 30319 Alès, France; (M.B.); (J.-M.L.-C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Simone Pereira da Silva Ribeiro
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, CT, Bloco A, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil; (S.P.S.R.); (M.J.C.R.); (R.S.V.N.); (M.A.C.N.)
| | - Michelle Jakeline Cunha Rezende
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, CT, Bloco A, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil; (S.P.S.R.); (M.J.C.R.); (R.S.V.N.); (M.A.C.N.)
| | - Regina Sandra Veiga Nascimento
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, CT, Bloco A, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil; (S.P.S.R.); (M.J.C.R.); (R.S.V.N.); (M.A.C.N.)
| | - Marco Antonio Chaer Nascimento
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, CT, Bloco A, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil; (S.P.S.R.); (M.J.C.R.); (R.S.V.N.); (M.A.C.N.)
| | - Marcos Batistella
- Polymères Composites et Hybrides (PCH), IMT Mines Alès, 6, Avenue de Clavières, 30319 Alès, France; (M.B.); (J.-M.L.-C.)
| | - José-Marie Lopez-Cuesta
- Polymères Composites et Hybrides (PCH), IMT Mines Alès, 6, Avenue de Clavières, 30319 Alès, France; (M.B.); (J.-M.L.-C.)
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