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Zhong QE, Cheng C, Li M, Yang S, Wang Z, Yun L, Liu S, Mao L, Fu Z, Zhou Z. Insights into the different mixing states and formation processes of amine-containing single particles in Guangzhou, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 846:157440. [PMID: 35868389 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The formation processes of particulate amines are closely related to their emission sources and secondary reactions, which can be revealed through the investigation of their real-time mixing states in individual particles. The mixing states of methylamine (MA)-, trimethylamine (TMA)-, and diethylamine (DEA)-containing particles were studied using a high-performance single particle aerosol mass spectrometer (HP-SPAMS) in Guangzhou, China, in January 2020. The sharp increase in TMA particles was found to be closely associated with the increase in the ambient relative humidity (RH), while the MA- and DEA-containing particles were not similarly influenced by the changes in the RH. The prominent enrichment of secondary oxygenated organics in DEA particles during the daytime was consistent with the active period of photochemistry, implying that the sharp decrease in DEA particles in the afternoon was likely due to photo-oxidation of the DEA. The number fraction (Nf) of DEA particles, the Nf of the nitrate in the DEA particles, and the abundance of nitrate increased as the NOx content all increased during the nighttime, suggesting that the formation of DEA·HNO3 salt was the dominant pathway of particulate DEA production. These results are consistent with our previous measurements in Nanjing, confirming the general and distinct mixing states of TMA and DEA particles. Positive matrix factorization analysis revealed that the total fraction of the more oxidized organics factor and the less oxidized organics factor were much higher in the DEA particles (26.9 %) than in the TMA particles (9 %), confirming the significant enrichment of oxygenated species in the DEA particles. The different mixing states of the amines revealed the unique response of each type of amine to the same atmospheric environment, and the prominent mixing states of the DEA with secondary oxygenated species suggest the potential role of DEA in tracing the evolution of organic aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi En Zhong
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Online Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chunlei Cheng
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Online Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Mei Li
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Online Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Suxia Yang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China; Institute for Environment and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Zaihua Wang
- Institute of Resources Utilization and Rare Earth Development, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Lijun Yun
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Online Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Sulin Liu
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Online Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Liyuan Mao
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Online Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhong Fu
- Guangzhou Hexin Analytical Instrument Company Limited, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Online Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
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2
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Lian X, Tang G, Dao X, Hu X, Xiong X, Zhang G, Wang Z, Cheng C, Wang X, Bi X, Li L, Li M, Zhou Z. Seasonal variations of imidazoles in urban areas of Beijing and Guangzhou, China by single particle mass spectrometry. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 844:156995. [PMID: 35777561 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Imidazoles (IMs) are potential contributors to brown carbon; they may notably contribute to climate radiative forcing. However, only a few studies have assessed the mixing state, seasonal and spatial distributions of IMs, and influencing factors for IM formation in urban aerosols. In this study, two single-particle aerosol mass spectrometers were employed to investigate the IM-containing particles in the urban areas of Beijing and Guangzhou, China. IM-containing particles were identified in the size range (dva) of 0.2-2.0 μm, accounting for 0.7-21.7 % of all the detected particles. The number fractions of IM-containing particles in both cities were the lowest in winter and the highest in spring, probably owing to the difference in the abundance of precursors and the particle acidity. Majority of (60-80 % by number) the IM-containing particles were mixed with organic carbon (OC), with the lowest fractions found in summer. Although the number fractions of IM-containing particles in Beijing were generally higher (~1.5-3 times) than those in Guangzhou, the mixing states of the IM-containing particles at these two sites were only slightly different. Potassium-rich (K-rich) and potassium-sodium (KNa) particles were rarely found in Guangzhou; they accounted for ~15 % of the IM-containing particles in Beijing. Additionally, our results indicate that particles with higher acidity are favorable for IM formation. These findings help improving our knowledge of the mixing state, seasonal variation, and spatial distribution of IMs in urban aerosols, and the insights in influencing factors into IM formation provide valuable information for future studies of the atmospheric chemical processes associated with IMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufeng Lian
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Guigang Tang
- China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xu Dao
- China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiaodong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Xin Xiong
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Guohua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Zaihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Institute of Resources Utilization and Rare Earth Development, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Chunlei Cheng
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xinhui Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Lei Li
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Mei Li
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 510632, China
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3
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Li W, Chen J, Lin Q, An T. Bridged-ozonolysis of mixed aromatic hydrocarbons and organic amines: Inter-inhibited decay rate, altered product yield and synergistic-effect-enhanced secondary organic aerosol formation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 843:156872. [PMID: 35752231 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ozonolysis of aromatic hydrocarbons (AHs) or organic amines (OAs) occurs via different transformation processes, with varying rate constants and contributions to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. However, to date no data is available on the ozonolysis of mixtures of AHs and OAs. This study investigated the kinetics, products and SOA yield from ozonolysis of mixture of trimethylamine with styrene, toluene or m-xylene. In the mixed system, the decay rates of styrene and trimethylamine were (1.32 ± 0.26) × 10-4 s-1 and (0.80 ± 0.02) × 10-4 s-1, decreasing up to 36.5 % and 54.4 % compared with their respective individual systems. This inter-inhibition of decay rates increased the yield of main products from styrene (i.e. benzaldehyde) by 23.5 % and trimethylamine (i.e. nitromethane) by 346.4 %. Ozonolysis of styrene or trimethylamine produced formaldehyde, which acted as a bridged product connecting the ozonolysis pathways of these two substrates, altering the yields of all products. Ozonolysis of styrene to benzaldehyde determined the increase of SOA particle number concentration (from 9.5 × 105 to 1.9 × 106 particles cm-3), while trimethylamine ozonolysis to N, N-dimethylformamide contributed to synergistic-effect-enhanced SOA yield (from (64.3 ± 3.5)% to (68.1 ± 4.8)%). The findings provide a novel insight into the kinetics and mechanism of ozonolysis, as well as the resulting SOA formation from mixtures of AHs and OAs, helping to comprehensively understand the transformation and fate of organics in real atmospheric environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiangyao Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Qinhao Lin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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4
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Determination of Gaseous and Particulate Secondary Amines in the Atmosphere Using Gas Chromatography Coupled with Electron Capture Detection. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13050664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop and optimize methods for the determination of gaseous and particulate (PM2.5) secondary amines (SAs) in the atmosphere using gas chromatography coupled with electron capture detection (GC-ECD) following chemical derivatization. The methods employed the liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) of pentafluorobenzenesulfonyl derivatives of the SAs before analytical samples were injected into GC-ECD. The optimized methods were applied to the determination of SAs in gaseous and particulate samples at two sites (urban and rural areas) from June to September in 2021. Gaseous samples were collected into an SPE cartridge containing a mixture of silica gel and sulfamic acid at a flow rate of 2 L·min−1 for 48 h. Particulate samples were collected onto 47 mm filters by a cyclone sampler at a flow rate of 16.7 L·min−1 for 48 h. The linearity of calibration curves, accuracy, and precision of the methods were satisfactory. In most of the field samples, dimethylamine (DMA), methylethylamine (MEA), diethylamine (DEA), and dipropylamine (DPA) were found to be the most frequently encountered compounds at the sampling sites.
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5
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Qi L, Bozzetti C, Corbin JC, Daellenbach KR, El Haddad I, Zhang Q, Wang J, Baltensperger U, Prévôt ASH, Chen M, Ge X, Slowik JG. Source identification and characterization of organic nitrogen in atmospheric aerosols at a suburban site in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 818:151800. [PMID: 34813816 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite the fact that atmospheric particulate organic nitrogen (ON) can significantly affect human health, ecosystems and the earth's climate system, qualitative and quantitative chemical characterization of ON remains limited due to its chemical complexity. In this study, the Aerodyne soot particle - high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (SP-AMS) was deployed for ambient measurements in Nanjing, China. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was applied to the ON data to quantify the sources of ON in submicron aerosols. The averaged ON concentration was 1.24 μg m-3, while the averaged total nitrogen (TN) in the aerosol was 20.26 μg m-3. From the PMF ON analysis, a 5-factor solution was selected as the most representative and interpretable solution for the investigated dataset, including oxygenated OA (OOAON), amine-related OAON (AMOAON), hydrocarbon-like OA (HOAON), industry OA (IOAON), and local primary OA (POAON) factors. The quantified ON ions were separated into families, including CxHN, CxHyNO, C3H<6N, CxH2x+2N, CxH2xN and Others, consistent with their contribution to each factor. The CxHyNO family mainly contributed to the OOAON factor and suggested the presence of amides or amino acids. The CxH2x+2N family likely mostly originated from amines only contributing to the AMOAON and HOAON factors. The IOAON and POAON factors were resolved due to significant tracers in the mass spectra. Further, compared with regular organic PMF analysis, PMF ON analysis gave more insights due to improved source separation and interpretability of the OA components, which could be a role model for further atmospheric ON research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qi
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Carlo Bozzetti
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Joel C Corbin
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Kaspar R Daellenbach
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Imad El Haddad
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Junfeng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Urs Baltensperger
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - André S H Prévôt
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland.
| | - Mindong Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xinlei Ge
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Jay G Slowik
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland.
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6
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Dong F, Li H, Liu B, Liu R, Hou K. Protonated acetone ion chemical ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry for real-time measurement of atmospheric ammonia. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 114:66-74. [PMID: 35459515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) is ubiquitous in the atmosphere, it can affect the formation of secondary aerosols and particulate matter, and cause soil eutrophication through sedimentation. Currently, the use of radioactive primary reagent ion source and the humidity interference on the sensitivity and stability are the two major issues faced by chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS) in the analysis of atmospheric ammonia. In this work, a vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) Kr lamp was used to replace the radioactive source, and acetone was ionized under atmospheric pressure to obtain protonated acetone reagent ions to ionize ammonia. The ionization source is designed as a separated three-zone structure, and even 90 vol.% high-humidity samples can still be directly analyzed with a sensitivity of sub-ppbv. A signal normalization processing method was designed, and with this new method, the quantitative relative standard deviation (RSD) of the instrument was decreased from 17.5% to 9.1%, and the coefficient of determination was increased from 0.8340 to 0.9856. The humidity correction parameters of the instrument were calculated from different humidity, and the ammonia concentrations obtained under different humidity were converted to its concentration under zero humidity condition with these correction parameters. The analytical time for a single sample is only 60 sec, and the limit of detection (LOD) was 8.59 pptv (signal-to-noise ratio S/N = 3). The ambient measurement made in Qingdao, China, in January 2021 with this newly designed CIMS, showed that the concentration of ammonia ranged from 1 to 130 ppbv.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengshuo Dong
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Hang Li
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Ruidong Liu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Keyong Hou
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
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7
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Yang X, Tao Y, Murphy JG. Kinetics of the oxidation of ammonia and amines with hydroxyl radicals in the aqueous phase. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2021; 23:1906-1913. [PMID: 34704996 DOI: 10.1039/d1em00317h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
While many studies have reported on the oxidation kinetics of ammonia and amines with the hydroxyl radical (OH) in the gas phase, the analogous reactions in the aqueous phase have not been adequately studied. In this work, the reaction rate constants of ammonia, dimethylamine (DMA) and diethylamine (DEA) with hydroxyl radicals in the aqueous phase were investigated using ion chromatography. The neutral and protonated forms of each base were shown to have differing rate constants with OH by performing the measurements over a range of pH from 7.0 to 11.0. Excess hydrogen peroxide was used as the precursor for hydroxyl radicals, while monochloroacetic acid and benzoic acid were chosen as the reference compounds for the relative rate method. The rate constants of both protonated forms and neutral forms were calculated for DMA ((9.5 ± 1.2) ×106 M-1 s-1 and (3.3 ± 0.2) ×109 M-1 s-1) and DEA ((1.5 ± 0.4) × 108 M-1 s-1 and (4.9 ± 0.1) × 109 M-1 s-1) using the relative rate method. The rate constant of ammonium ion and neutral ammonia were calculated to be (2.3 ± 0.5) × 106 M-1 s-1 and (1.8 ± 0.4) × 108 M-1 s-1, respectively. With a pKa of 9.25, the rate constant of the protonated form is applicable to the overall rate constant of ammonia at pH <7, indicating that this oxidation pathway is not a significant sink for ammonia in acidic aqueous environments. Because of their partitioning characteristics, oxidation of DMA and DEA by OH in aerosol particles could be competitive with oxidation in the gas phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Ye Tao
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Jennifer G Murphy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada.
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8
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Li Z, Zhou R, Wang Y, Wang G, Chen M, Li Y, Wang Y, Yi Y, Hou Z, Guo Q, Meng J. Characteristics and sources of amine-containing particles in the urban atmosphere of Liaocheng, a seriously polluted city in North China during the COVID-19 outbreak. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 289:117887. [PMID: 34426186 PMCID: PMC8325104 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The Chinese government issued an unprecedentedly strict lockdown policy to control the spread of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), significantly mitigating air pollution because of the dramatic reduction of industrial and traffic emissions. To explore the impact of COVID-19 lockdown (LCD) on organic aerosols, the mixing states and evolution processes of amine-containing particles were studied using a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer from January to March 2020 in Liaocheng, which is a seriously polluted city in North China. The counts and percentages of amine-containing particles in total obtained particles during the pre-LCD (547832, 29.8 %) were higher than those during the LCD (283983, 20.7 %) and post-LCD (102026, 18.4 %), mainly due to the reduced emission strength of amines and suppressed gas-to-particle partitioning of amines during the LCD and post-LCD. 74(C2H5)2NH2+ was the most abundant amine marker, which accounted for 98.2 %, 98.4 %, and 96.7 % of all amine-containing particles during the pre-LCD, LCD, and post-LCD, respectively. Correlation analysis and temporal variations indicated that the gas-to-particle partitioning of amines was facilitated by the stronger acidic environment and lower temperature, while the effect of RH and aerosol liquid water content was minor. The A-OC particles were the most abundant type (accounting for ~40 %) throughout the observation period. The temporal profiles and correlation analysis suggested that the impact of the increased O3 on the amines and their oxidation products (e.g., trimethylamine oxide) was minor. The identified particle types, correlation analysis, and the potential source contribution function results implied that the amine-containing particles were mainly derived from local and surrounding sources during the LCD, while those were mainly affected by long-range transport during the pre-LCD and post-LCD. Our results could deepen the comprehension of the sources and atmospheric processing of amines in the urban area of North China during the COVID-19 outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- School of Geography and the Environment, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Ruiwen Zhou
- School of Geography and the Environment, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Yiqiu Wang
- Liaocheng Environmental Information and Monitoring Center, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Gehui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Min Chen
- School of Geography and the Environment, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- School of Geography and the Environment, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Yachen Wang
- School of Geography and the Environment, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Yanan Yi
- School of Geography and the Environment, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Zhanfang Hou
- School of Geography and the Environment, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Qingchun Guo
- School of Geography and the Environment, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Jingjing Meng
- School of Geography and the Environment, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710075, China.
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9
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Wang S, Li H. NO 3·-Initiated Gas-Phase Formation of Nitrated Phenolic Compounds in Polluted Atmosphere. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:2899-2907. [PMID: 33594878 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c08041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic nitrogen (ON) compounds are key contents of particulate matter in the megacities of Asia. As a series of important ON, nitrated phenolic compounds (NPs) are of high concentration in the atmosphere, although their formation mechanism and role in particulate nucleation and growth are not fully understood. Herein, using a high level of quantum mechanical calculations, we explore the formation paths of NPs initiated by NO3· radicals, where some common atmospheric species, such as H2O, (H2O)2, NH3, and dimethylamine (DMA), can act as molecular catalysts. The kinetic study predicts that the formation rate of methyl nitrophenols with the assistance of DMA and (H2O)2 can reach ∼103 molecules·cm-3·s-1 in a polluted and humid atmosphere. The volatilities obtained from the empirical model show the formed NPs mainly belong to the intermediate and semivolatile organic compounds, which can participate in the growth process of aerosols rather than the early stage of cluster nucleation. Moreover, some NPs can be salified with atmospheric bases to further increase their contributions to the particulate formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixian Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemistry Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemistry Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
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Han J, Wang L, Zhang H, Su Q, Zhou X, Liu S. Determinant Factor for Thermodynamic Stability of Sulfuric Acid-Amine Complexes. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:10246-10257. [PMID: 33238705 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c07908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric amines are thought to play significant roles in the nucleation of sulfuric acid-mediated aerosol particles. Their enhancing effects on the stabilization of the related complexes have formerly been correlated with the amine base strength, but there are a few exceptions reported. In this work, the influence of seven alkylamines on the thermodynamic stability of sulfuric acid-amine complexes has been theoretically investigated, e.g., ethylamine, propylamine, isopropylamine, tert-butylamine, dimethylamine, ethylmethylamine, and trimethylamine. For all primary and secondary amine-mediated complexes, a dual hydrogen bond configuration is generally suggested in the most stable isomer. The stabilization of this special structure predicted by the electrostatic potential distribution on the molecular surface of amines exactly agrees with the base strength sequence, providing crucial evidence for the previous deduction of correlation between the base strength and the enhancing effect. Meanwhile, the considerable van der Waals interactions are found between the free hydroxyl of sulfuric acid and the β-methyl group of amine, resulting in the extra stability for sulfuric acid-dimethylamine and sulfuric acid-ethylmethylamine complexes. Therefore, the electrostatic potential distribution of amines is the essential determinant factor for the thermodynamic stability of the relevant complexes. Our conclusions provide new insight into a way to evaluate the enhancing abilities of amines in aerosol particle nucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Han
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Hanhui Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Quyan Su
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoguo Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Shilin Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
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Tong D, Chen J, Qin D, Ji Y, Li G, An T. Mechanism of atmospheric organic amines reacted with ozone and implications for the formation of secondary organic aerosols. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 737:139830. [PMID: 32526582 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organic amines are one of the most important nitrogen-containing compounds in the atmosphere, and their reactions with tropospheric ozone contribute significantly to the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA). However, the chemical pathways of their reaction with atmospheric ozone are poorly understood. This study investigates the atmospheric ozonolysis mechanism of two typical organic amines-diethylamine and triethylamine using experimental and theoretical methods. Intermediate results from GC-MS and PTR-TOF-MS analysis confirm the formation of eight and eleven nitrogen- and oxygen-containing products during the ozonolysis of diethylamine and triethylamine, respectively. N-ethylethanimine (56.5% in average) or acetaldehyde (64.9% in average) is formed as the dominant product from the ozonolysis of each organic amine. Ozonolysis pathway results indicate that the conversion to N-ethylethanimine is the dominant pathway for diethylamine ozonolysis. At the same time, triethylamine prefers the initial transformation to diethylamine with the discharge of acetaldehyde and then converts to N-ethylethanimine. Higher SOA mass concentration is obtained from the ozonolysis of triethylamine than diethylamine, probably because the former releases a larger amount of intermediate products, especially acetaldehyde. Our results provide a deep insight into the atmospheric processing of organic amines via ozonolysis and the implications of this mechanism for SOA formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Tong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiangyao Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dandan Qin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuemeng Ji
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Qi X, Zhu S, Zhu C, Hu J, Lou S, Xu L, Dong J, Cheng P. Smog chamber study of the effects of NOx and NH 3 on the formation of secondary organic aerosols and optical properties from photo-oxidation of toluene. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 727:138632. [PMID: 32315905 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) have been receiving significant attention because of their significant impacts on air quality and human health. In this study, the influences of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and ammonia (NH3) on SOA formation from photooxidation of toluene was investigated in the Shanghai university smog chamber. The chemical and physical characteristics of gas-phase products and SOAs from toluene photo-oxidation were characterized using laboratory-developed single photon ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, single particle aerosol mass spectrometry, and cavity ring-down aerosol extinction albedo spectroscopy instruments. It was observed that increasing the initial nitrogen oxides ([NOx]0) under low-[NOx]0 conditions enhanced the SOA yield, while increasing [NOx]0 under high-[NOx]0 conditions suppressed the SOA yield. After adding NH3, the number concentration, average SOA diameter, and extinction and scattering coefficients showed an immediate and rapid increase due to the formation of significant amounts of condensable ammonium nitrate and nitrogen-containing (NOC) compounds. Moreover, a simplified reaction mechanism for the photooxidation of toluene initiated by the hydroxyl radical (OH) was believed to follow two reaction channels: minor H abstraction, and major OH addition, which continuously induced the subsequent reactions. The results of this study presented rapid analytical method for the joint use of a smog chamber with on-line analytical instruments to immediately characterize the effects of SOA formation, which will help in understanding the new particle formation and particle growth, and thus provides a new insight for in-depth understanding of the haze pollution in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Qi
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Shuping Zhu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Chenzhang Zhu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jing Hu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Shengrong Lou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of the Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Science, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Li Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Junguo Dong
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Ping Cheng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
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Rinaldi M, Paglione M, Decesari S, Harrison RM, Beddows DCS, Ovadnevaite J, Ceburnis D, O'Dowd CD, Simó R, Dall'Osto M. Contribution of Water-Soluble Organic Matter from Multiple Marine Geographic Eco-Regions to Aerosols around Antarctica. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:7807-7817. [PMID: 32501707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present shipborne measurements of size-resolved concentrations of aerosol components across ocean waters next to the Antarctic Peninsula, South Orkney Islands, and South Georgia Island, evidencing aerosol features associated with distinct eco-regions. Nonmethanesulfonic acid Water-Soluble Organic Matter (WSOM) represented 6-8% and 11-22% of the aerosol PM1 mass originated in open ocean (OO) and sea ice (SI) regions, respectively. Other major components included sea salt (86-88% OO, 24-27% SI), non sea salt sulfate (3-4% OO, 35-40% SI), and MSA (1-2% OO, 11-12% SI). The chemical composition of WSOM encompasses secondary organic components with diverse behaviors: while alkylamine concentrations were higher in SI air masses, oxalic acid showed higher concentrations in the open ocean air. Our online single-particle mass spectrometry data exclude a widespread source from sea bird colonies, while the secondary production of oxalic acid and sulfur-containing organic species via cloud processing is suggested. We claim that the potential impact of the sympagic planktonic ecosystem on aerosol composition has been overlooked in past studies, and multiple eco-regions act as distinct aerosol sources around Antarctica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Rinaldi
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council, Bologna 40129, Italy
| | - Marco Paglione
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council, Bologna 40129, Italy
| | - Stefano Decesari
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council, Bologna 40129, Italy
| | - Roy M Harrison
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - David C S Beddows
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Jurgita Ovadnevaite
- School of Physics and Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Darius Ceburnis
- School of Physics and Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Colin D O'Dowd
- School of Physics and Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Rafel Simó
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, Barcelona E-08003, Spain
| | - Manuel Dall'Osto
- Institute of Marine Sciences, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, Barcelona E-08003, Spain
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Perraud V, Li X, Smith JN, Finlayson-Pitts BJ. Novel ionization reagent for the measurement of gas-phase ammonia and amines using a stand-alone atmospheric pressure gas chromatography (APGC) source. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8561. [PMID: 31429122 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Contaminants present in ambient air or in sampling lines can interfere with the target analysis through overlapping peaks or causing a high background. This study presents a positive outcome from the unexpected presence of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, released from a PALL HEPA filter, in the analysis of atmospherically relevant gas-phase amines using chemical ionization mass spectrometry. METHODS Gas-phase measurements were performed using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with a modified atmospheric pressure gas chromatography (APGC) source which allows sampling of the headspace above pure amine standards. Gas-phase N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) emitted from a PALL HEPA filter located in the inlet stream served as the ionizing agent. RESULTS This study demonstrates that some alkylamines efficiently form a [NMP + amine+H]+ cluster with NMP upon chemical ionization at atmospheric pressure. The extent of cluster formation depends largely on the proton affinity of the amine compared with that of NMP. Aromatic amines (aniline, pyridine) and diamines (putrescine) were shown not to form cluster ions with NMP. CONCLUSIONS The use of NMP as an ionizing agent with stand-alone APGC provided high sensitivity for ammonia and the smaller amines. The main advantages, in addition to sensitivity, are direct sampling into the APGC source and avoiding uptake on sampling lines which can be a significant problem with ammonia and amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Perraud
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - James N Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
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Gunsch MJ, Liu J, Moffett CE, Sheesley RJ, Wang N, Zhang Q, Watson TB, Pratt KA. Diesel Soot and Amine-Containing Organic Sulfate Aerosols in an Arctic Oil Field. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:92-101. [PMID: 31840985 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b04825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The rapid decrease in Arctic sea ice is motivating development and increasing oil and gas extraction activities. However, few observations of these local Arctic emissions exist, limiting the understanding of impacts on atmospheric composition and climate. To address this knowledge gap, the chemical composition of atmospheric aerosols was measured within the North Slope of Alaska oil fields during August and September 2016 using an aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS) and a time-of-flight aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ToF-ACSM). Plumes from oil and gas extraction activities were characterized by soot internally mixed with sulfate (matching diesel soot) and organic carbon particles containing aminium sulfate salts. Sea spray aerosol at the coastal site was frequently internally mixed with sulfate and nitrate, from multiphase chemical processing from elevated NOx and SO2 within the oil field. Background (nonplume) air masses were characterized by aged combustion aerosol. No periods of "clean" (nonpolluted) Arctic air were observed. The composition of the nonrefractory aerosol measured with the ACSM was similar during plume and background periods and was consistent with the mass concentrations of nonrefractory particles measured by ATOFMS. Two ultrafine aerosol growth events were observed during oil field background periods and were correlated with fine mode amine-containing particles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claire E Moffett
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Rebecca J Sheesley
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Ningxin Wang
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Thomas B Watson
- Department of Environmental and Climate Sciences, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
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16
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Enhancing Potential of Trimethylamine Oxide on Atmospheric Particle Formation. ATMOSPHERE 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The role of an oxidation product of trimethylamine, trimethylamine oxide, in atmospheric particle formation is studied using quantum chemical methods and cluster formation simulations. Molecular-level cluster formation mechanisms are resolved, and theoretical results on particle formation are confirmed with mass spectrometer measurements. Trimethylamine oxide is capable of forming only one hydrogen bond with sulfuric acid, but unlike amines, trimethylamine oxide can form stable clusters via ion–dipole interactions. That is because of its zwitterionic structure, which causes a high dipole moment. Cluster growth occurs close to the acid:base ratio of 1:1, which is the same as for other monoprotic bases. Enhancement potential of trimethylamine oxide in particle formation is much higher than that of dimethylamine, but lower compared to guanidine. Therefore, at relatively low concentrations and high temperatures, guanidine and trimethylamine oxide may dominate particle formation events over amines.
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Tan W, Zhu L, Mikoviny T, Nielsen CJ, Wisthaler A, Eichler P, Müller M, D'Anna B, Farren NJ, Hamilton JF, Pettersson JBC, Hallquist M, Antonsen S, Stenstrøm Y. Theoretical and Experimental Study on the Reaction of tert-Butylamine with OH Radicals in the Atmosphere. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:4470-4480. [PMID: 29659281 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b01862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The OH-initiated atmospheric degradation of tert-butylamine (tBA), (CH3)3CNH2, was investigated in a detailed quantum chemistry study and in laboratory experiments at the European Photoreactor (EUPHORE) in Spain. The reaction was found to mainly proceed via hydrogen abstraction from the amino group, which in the presence of nitrogen oxides (NO x), generates tert-butylnitramine, (CH3)3CNHNO2, and acetone as the main reaction products. Acetone is formed via the reaction of tert-butylnitrosamine, (CH3)3CNHNO, and/or its isomer tert-butylhydroxydiazene, (CH3)3CN═NOH, with OH radicals, which yield nitrous oxide (N2O) and the (CH3)3Ċ radical. The latter is converted to acetone and formaldehyde. Minor predicted and observed reaction products include formaldehyde, 2-methylpropene, acetamide and propan-2-imine. The reaction in the EUPHORE chamber was accompanied by strong particle formation which was induced by an acid-base reaction between photochemically formed nitric acid and the reagent amine. The tert-butylaminium nitrate salt was found to be of low volatility, with a vapor pressure of 5.1 × 10-6 Pa at 298 K. The rate of reaction between tert-butylamine and OH radicals was measured to be 8.4 (±1.7) × 10-12 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 at 305 ± 2 K and 1015 ± 1 hPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Tan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oslo , P.O. Box 1033, Blindern , 0315 Oslo , Norway
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oslo , P.O. Box 1033, Blindern , 0315 Oslo , Norway
| | - Tomáš Mikoviny
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oslo , P.O. Box 1033, Blindern , 0315 Oslo , Norway
| | - Claus J Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oslo , P.O. Box 1033, Blindern , 0315 Oslo , Norway.,Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences , University of Oslo , P.O. Box 1033, Blindern , 0315 Oslo , Norway
| | - Armin Wisthaler
- Department of Chemistry , University of Oslo , P.O. Box 1033, Blindern , 0315 Oslo , Norway.,Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics , University of Innsbruck , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Philipp Eichler
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics , University of Innsbruck , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Markus Müller
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics , University of Innsbruck , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Barbara D'Anna
- IRCELYON, CNRS, University of Lyon , 69626 Villeurbanne , France
| | - Naomi J Farren
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry , University of York , York YO10 5DD , United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline F Hamilton
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry , University of York , York YO10 5DD , United Kingdom
| | - Jan B C Pettersson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science , University of Gothenburg , 41296 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Mattias Hallquist
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Atmospheric Science , University of Gothenburg , 41296 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Simen Antonsen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science , Norwegian University of Life Sciences , P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås , Norway
| | - Yngve Stenstrøm
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science , Norwegian University of Life Sciences , P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås , Norway
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LIU QY, ZHANG TT. Determination of Methylamines and Methylamine- N -oxides in Particulate Matter Using Solid Phase Extraction Coupled with Ion Chromatography. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(17)61080-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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19
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Xie HB, Elm J, Halonen R, Myllys N, Kurtén T, Kulmala M, Vehkamäki H. Atmospheric Fate of Monoethanolamine: Enhancing New Particle Formation of Sulfuric Acid as an Important Removal Process. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:8422-8431. [PMID: 28651044 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Monoethanolamine (MEA), a potential atmospheric pollutant from the capture unit of a leading CO2 capture technology, could be removed by participating H2SO4-based new particle formation (NPF) as simple amines. Here we evaluated the enhancing potential of MEA on H2SO4-based NPF by examining the formation of molecular clusters of MEA and H2SO4 using combined quantum chemistry calculations and kinetics modeling. The results indicate that MEA at the parts per trillion (ppt) level can enhance H2SO4-based NPF. The enhancing potential of MEA is less than that of dimethylamine (DMA), one of the strongest enhancing agents, and much greater than methylamine (MA), in contrast to the order suggested solely by their basicity (MEA < MA < DMA). The unexpectedly high enhancing potential is attributed to the role of -OH of MEA in increasing cluster binding free energies by acting as both a hydrogen bond donor and acceptor. After the initial formation of one H2SO4 and one MEA cluster, the cluster growth mainly proceeds by first adding one H2SO4, and then one MEA, which differs from growth pathways in H2SO4-DMA and H2SO4-MA systems. Importantly, the effective removal rate of MEA due to participation in NPF is comparable to that of oxidation by hydroxyl radicals at 278.15 K, indicating NPF as an important sink for MEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, China
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 64, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jonas Elm
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 64, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Roope Halonen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 64, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nanna Myllys
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 64, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Theo Kurtén
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 55, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Kulmala
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 64, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Vehkamäki
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 64, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Barsanti KC, Kroll JH, Thornton JA. Formation of Low-Volatility Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere: Recent Advancements and Insights. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:1503-1511. [PMID: 28281761 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation proceeds by bimolecular gas-phase oxidation reactions generating species that are sufficiently low in volatility to partition into the condensed phase. Advances in instrumentation have revealed that atmospheric SOA is less volatile and more oxidized than can be explained solely by these well-studied gas-phase oxidation pathways, supporting the role of additional chemical processes. These processes-autoxidation, accretion, and organic salt formation-can lead to exceedingly low-volatility species that recently have been identified in laboratory and field studies. Despite these new insights, the identities of the condensing species at the molecular level and the relative importance of the various formation processes remain poorly constrained. The thermodynamics of autoxidation, accretion, and organic salt formation can be described by equilibrium partitioning theory; a framework for which is presented here. This framework will facilitate the inclusion of such processes in model representations of SOA formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelley C Barsanti
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Center for Environmental Research and Technology, University of California-Riverside , Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Jesse H Kroll
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Joel A Thornton
- Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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21
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Fairhurst MC, Ezell MJ, Kidd C, Lakey PSJ, Shiraiwa M, Finlayson-Pitts BJ. Kinetics, mechanisms and ionic liquids in the uptake of n-butylamine onto low molecular weight dicarboxylic acids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:4827-4839. [PMID: 28133655 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp08663b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric particles adversely affect visibility, health, and climate, yet the kinetics and mechanisms of particle formation and growth are poorly understood. Multiphase reactions between amines and dicarboxylic acids (diacids) have been suggested to contribute. In this study, the reactions of n-butylamine (BA) with solid C3-C8 diacids were studied at 296 ± 1 K using a Knudsen cell interfaced to a quadrupole mass spectrometer. Uptake coefficients for amines on the diacids with known geometric surface areas were measured at initial amine concentrations from (3-50) × 1011 cm-3. Uptake coefficients ranged from 0.7 ± 0.1 (2σ) for malonic acid (C3) to <10-6 for suberic acid (C8), show an odd-even carbon number effect, and decrease with increasing chain length within each series. Butylaminium salts formed from evaporation of aqueous solutions of BA with C3, C5 and C7 diacids (as well as C8) were viscous liquids, suggesting that ionic liquids (ILs) form on the surface during the reactions of gas phase amine with the odd carbon diacids. Predictions from the kinetic multi-layer model of aerosol surface and bulk chemistry (KM-SUB) were quantitatively consistent with uptake occurring via dissolution of the underlying diacid into the IL layer and reaction with amine taken up from the gas phase. The butylaminium salts formed from the C4 and C6 diacids were solids, and their uptake coefficients were smaller. These experiments and kinetic modeling demonstrate the unexpected formation of ILs in a gas-solid reaction, and suggest that ILs should be considered under some circumstances in atmospheric processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael J Ezell
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Carla Kidd
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Pascale S J Lakey
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Multiphase Chemistry Department, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Manabu Shiraiwa
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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22
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Perez JE, Kumar M, Francisco JS, Sinha A. Oxygenate-Induced Tuning of Aldehyde-Amine Reactivity and Its Atmospheric Implications. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:1022-1031. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b10845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josue E. Perez
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California—San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Joseph S. Francisco
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Amitabha Sinha
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California—San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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23
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Chu Y, Chan CK. Reactive Uptake of Dimethylamine by Ammonium Sulfate and Ammonium Sulfate–Sucrose Mixed Particles. J Phys Chem A 2016; 121:206-215. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b10692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chak K. Chan
- School of Energy and
Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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24
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Ge Y, Liu Y, Chu B, He H, Chen T, Wang S, Wei W, Cheng S. Ozonolysis of Trimethylamine Exchanged with Typical Ammonium Salts in the Particle Phase. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:11076-11084. [PMID: 27626464 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b04375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Alkylamines contribute to both new particle formation and brown carbon. The toxicity of particle-phase amines is of great concern in the atmospheric chemistry community. Degradation of particulate amines may lead to secondary products in the particle phase, which are associated with changes in the adverse health impacts of aerosols. In this study, O3 oxidation of particulate trimethylamine (TMA) formed via heterogeneous uptake of TMA by (NH4)2SO4, NH4HSO4, NH4NO3 and NH4Cl, was investigated with in situ attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS). HCOOH, HCHO, CH3N═CH2, (CH3)2NCHO, CH3NO2, CH3N(OH)CHO, CH3NHOH and H2O were identified as products on all the substrates based upon IR (one-dimensional IR and two-dimensional correlation infrared spectroscopy), quantum chemical calculation and PTR-MS results. A reaction mechanism was proposed to explain the observed products. This work demonstrates that oxidation might be a degradation pathway of particulate amines in the atmosphere. This will aid in understanding the fate of particulate amines formed by nucleation and heterogeneous uptake and their potential health impacts during atmospheric aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Ge
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yongchun Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100085, China
- Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Biwu Chu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100085, China
- Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hong He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100085, China
- Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tianzeng Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shaoxin Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing University of Technology , Beijing 100022, China
| | - Shuiyuan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing University of Technology , Beijing 100022, China
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25
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Mackenzie RB, Dewberry CT, Leopold KR. The Trimethylamine–Formic Acid Complex: Microwave Characterization of a Prototype for Potential Precursors to Atmospheric Aerosol. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:2268-73. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b01500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca B. Mackenzie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant
Street, SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christopher T. Dewberry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant
Street, SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Kenneth R. Leopold
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant
Street, SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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26
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Gomez-Hernandez M, McKeown M, Secrest J, Marrero-Ortiz W, Lavi A, Rudich Y, Collins DR, Zhang R. Hygroscopic Characteristics of Alkylaminium Carboxylate Aerosols. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:2292-2300. [PMID: 26794419 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b04691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The hygroscopic growth factor (HGF) and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity for a series of alkylaminium carboxylate aerosols have been measured using a hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer coupled to a condensation particle counter and a CCN counter. The particles, consisting of the mixtures of mono- (acetic, propanoic, p-toluic, and cis-pinonic acid) and dicarboxylic (oxalic, succinic, malic, adipic, and azelaic acid) acid with alkylamine (mono-, di-, and trimethylamines), represent those commonly found under diverse environmental conditions. The hygroscopicity parameter (κ) of the alkylaminium carboxylate aerosols was derived from the HGF and CCN results and theoretically calculated. The HGF at 90% RH is in the range of 1.3 to 1.8 for alkylaminium monocarboxylates and 1.1 to 2.2 for alkylaminium dicarboxylates, dependent on the molecular functionality (i.e., the carboxylic or OH functional group in organic acids and methyl substitution in alkylamines). The κ value for all alkylaminium carboxylates is in the range of 0.06-1.37 derived from the HGF measurements at 90% RH, 0.05-0.49 derived from the CCN measurements, and 0.22-0.66 theoretically calculated. The measured hygroscopicity of the alkylaminium carboxylates increases with decreasing acid to base ratio. The deliquescence point is apparent for several of the alkylaminium dicarboxylates but not for the alkylaminium monocarboxylates. Our results reveal that alkylaminium carboxylate aerosols exhibit distinct hygroscopic and deliquescent characteristics that are dependent on their molecular functionality, hence regulating their impacts on human health, air quality, and direct and indirect radiative forcing on climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Gomez-Hernandez
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77840, United States
| | - Megan McKeown
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Jeremiah Secrest
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77840, United States
| | - Wilmarie Marrero-Ortiz
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77840, United States
| | - Avi Lavi
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot, 76100 Israel
| | - Yinon Rudich
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot, 76100 Israel
| | - Don R Collins
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Renyi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77840, United States
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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27
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Youn JS, Crosbie E, Maudlin L, Wang Z, Sorooshian A. Dimethylamine as a major alkyl amine species in particles and cloud water: Observations in semi-arid and coastal regions. ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT (OXFORD, ENGLAND : 1994) 2015; 122:250-258. [PMID: 26807039 PMCID: PMC4719122 DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Aerosol and cloud water measurements of dimethylamine (DMA), the most abundant amine in this study, were conducted in semi-arid (Tucson, Arizona) and marine (Nucleation in California Experiment, NiCE; central coast of California) areas. In both regions, DMA exhibits a unimodal aerosol mass size distribution with a dominant peak between 0.18 and 0.56 μm. Particulate DMA concentrations increase as a function of marine biogenic emissions, sulfate, BVOC emissions, and aerosol-phase water. Such data supports biogenic sources of DMA, aminium salt formation, and partitioning of DMA to condensed phases. DMA concentrations exhibit positive correlations with various trace elements and most especially vanadium, which warrants additional investigation. Cloud water DMA levels are enhanced significantly during wildfire periods unlike particulate DMA levels, including in droplet residual particles, due to effective dissolution of DMA into cloud water and probably DMA volatilization after drop evaporation. DMA:NH+4 molar ratios peak between 0.18 and 1.0 μm depending on the site and time of year, suggesting that DMA competes better with NH3 in those sizes in terms of reactive uptake by particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.-S. Youn
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - E. Crosbie
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - L.C. Maudlin
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Z. Wang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - A. Sorooshian
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Corresponding author. PO Box 210011, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA. (A. Sorooshian)
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28
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Louie MK, Francisco JS, Verdicchio M, Klippenstein SJ, Sinha A. Dimethylamine Addition to Formaldehyde Catalyzed by a Single Water Molecule: A Facile Route for Atmospheric Carbinolamine Formation and Potential Promoter of Aerosol Growth. J Phys Chem A 2015; 120:1358-68. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b04887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew K. Louie
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California−San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0314, United States
| | - Joseph S. Francisco
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, United States
| | - Marco Verdicchio
- Argonne National
Laboratory, Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne, Illinois 60439-4837, United States
| | - Stephen J. Klippenstein
- Argonne National
Laboratory, Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne, Illinois 60439-4837, United States
| | - Amitabha Sinha
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California−San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0314, United States
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29
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Giorio C, Tapparo A, Dall'Osto M, Beddows DCS, Esser-Gietl JK, Healy RM, Harrison RM. Local and regional components of aerosol in a heavily trafficked street canyon in central London derived from PMF and cluster analysis of single-particle ATOFMS spectra. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:3330-3340. [PMID: 25695365 DOI: 10.1021/es506249z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Positive matrix factorization (PMF) has been applied to single particle ATOFMS spectra collected on a six lane heavily trafficked road in central London (Marylebone Road), which well represents an urban street canyon. PMF analysis successfully extracted 11 factors from mass spectra of about 700,000 particles as a complement to information on particle types (from K-means cluster analysis). The factors were associated with specific sources and represent the contribution of different traffic related components (i.e., lubricating oils, fresh elemental carbon, organonitrogen and aromatic compounds), secondary aerosol locally produced (i.e., nitrate, oxidized organic aerosol and oxidized organonitrogen compounds), urban background together with regional transport (aged elemental carbon and ammonium) and fresh sea spray. An important result from this study is the evidence that rapid chemical processes occur in the street canyon with production of secondary particles from road traffic emissions. These locally generated particles, together with aging processes, dramatically affected aerosol composition producing internally mixed particles. These processes may become important with stagnant air conditions and in countries where gasoline vehicles are predominant and need to be considered when quantifying the impact of traffic emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Giorio
- †Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
- ‡National Centre for Atmospheric Science, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Division of Environmental Health and Risk Management, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Tapparo
- †Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Manuel Dall'Osto
- §Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Pg Marı́tim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David C S Beddows
- ‡National Centre for Atmospheric Science, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Division of Environmental Health and Risk Management, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Johanna K Esser-Gietl
- ‡National Centre for Atmospheric Science, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Division of Environmental Health and Risk Management, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Robert M Healy
- ∥Southern Ontario Centre for Atmospheric Aerosol Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Roy M Harrison
- ‡National Centre for Atmospheric Science, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Division of Environmental Health and Risk Management, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- ⊥Department of Environmental Sciences/Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
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30
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Nozière B, Kalberer M, Claeys M, Allan J, D'Anna B, Decesari S, Finessi E, Glasius M, Grgić I, Hamilton JF, Hoffmann T, Iinuma Y, Jaoui M, Kahnt A, Kampf CJ, Kourtchev I, Maenhaut W, Marsden N, Saarikoski S, Schnelle-Kreis J, Surratt JD, Szidat S, Szmigielski R, Wisthaler A. The molecular identification of organic compounds in the atmosphere: state of the art and challenges. Chem Rev 2015; 115:3919-83. [PMID: 25647604 DOI: 10.1021/cr5003485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Nozière
- †Ircelyon/CNRS and Université Lyon 1, 69626 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | - Barbara D'Anna
- †Ircelyon/CNRS and Université Lyon 1, 69626 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | - Irena Grgić
- ○National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | - Yoshiteru Iinuma
- ¶Leibniz-Institut für Troposphärenforschung, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Ivan Kourtchev
- ‡University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Willy Maenhaut
- §University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium.,□Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Jason D Surratt
- ▼University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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31
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Lavi A, Segre E, Gomez-Hernandez M, Zhang R, Rudich Y. Volatility of Atmospherically Relevant Alkylaminium Carboxylate Salts. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:4336-46. [DOI: 10.1021/jp507320v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avi Lavi
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science and ‡Physical Services, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100 Israel
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences and ∥Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Enrico Segre
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science and ‡Physical Services, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100 Israel
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences and ∥Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Mario Gomez-Hernandez
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science and ‡Physical Services, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100 Israel
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences and ∥Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Renyi Zhang
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science and ‡Physical Services, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100 Israel
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences and ∥Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Yinon Rudich
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science and ‡Physical Services, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100 Israel
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences and ∥Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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32
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Chu Y, Sauerwein M, Chan CK. Hygroscopic and phase transition properties of alkyl aminium sulfates at low relative humidities. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:19789-96. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp02404h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemical composition changes and phase transition during hygroscopic measurements of the studied alkyl aminium sulfate salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangxi Chu
- Division of Environment
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- Kowloon
- China
| | - Meike Sauerwein
- Division of Environment
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- Kowloon
- China
| | - Chak K. Chan
- Division of Environment
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- Kowloon
- China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
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33
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Paciga AL, Riipinen I, Pandis SN. Effect of ammonia on the volatility of organic diacids. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:13769-13775. [PMID: 25356879 DOI: 10.1021/es5037805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The effect of ammonia on the partitioning of two dicarboxylic acids, oxalic (C2) and adipic (C6) is determined. Measurements by a tandem differential mobility analysis system and a thermodenuder (TD-TDMA) system are used to estimate the saturation vapor pressure and enthalpy of vaporization of ammonium oxalate and adipate. Ammonia dramatically lowered the vapor pressure of oxalic acid, by several orders of magnitude, with an estimated vapor pressure of 1.7 ± 0.8 × 10(–6) Pa at 298 K. The vapor pressure of ammonium adipate was 2.5 ± 0.8 × 10(–5) Pa at 298 K, similar to that of adipic acid. These results suggest that the dominance of oxalate in diacid concentrations measured in ambient aerosol could be attributed to the salt formation with ammonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Paciga
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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34
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Tang Y, Huang Y, Li L, Chen H, Chen J, Yang X, Gao S, Gross DS. Characterization of aerosol optical properties, chemical composition and mixing states in the winter season in Shanghai, China. J Environ Sci (China) 2014; 26:2412-2422. [PMID: 25499489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Physical and chemical properties of ambient aerosols at the single particle level were studied in Shanghai from December 22 to 28, 2009. A Cavity-Ring-Down Aerosol Extinction Spectrometer (CRD-AES) and a nephelometer were deployed to measure aerosol light extinction and scattering properties, respectively. An Aerosol Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (ATOFMS) was used to detect single particle sizes and chemical composition. Seven particle types were detected. Air parcels arrived at the sampling site from the vicinity of Shanghai until mid-day of December 25, when they started to originate from North China. The aerosol extinction, scattering, and absorption coefficients all dropped sharply when this cold, clean air arrived. Aerosol particles changed from a highly aged type before this meteorological shift to a relatively fresh type afterwards. The aerosol optical properties were dependent on the wind direction. Aerosols with high extinction coefficient and scattering Ångström exponent (SAE) were observed when the wind blew from the west and northwest, indicating that they were predominantly fine particles. Nitrate and ammonium correlated most strongly with the change in aerosol optical properties. In the elemental carbon/organic carbon (ECOC) particle type, the diurnal trends of single scattering albedo (SSA) and elemental carbon (EC) signal intensity had a negative correlation. We also found a negative correlation (r=-0.87) between high mass-OC particle number fraction and the SSA in a relatively clean period, suggesting that particulate aromatic components might play an important role in light absorption in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuanlong Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ling Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Fudan-Tyndall Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Fudan-Tyndall Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Song Gao
- Division of Math, Science and Technology, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA
| | - Deborah S Gross
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton College, Northfield, MN 55057, USA
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35
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Single-particle speciation of alkylamines in ambient aerosol at five European sites. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 407:5899-909. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8092-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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36
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Ge X, Shaw SL, Zhang Q. Toward understanding amines and their degradation products from postcombustion CO2 capture processes with aerosol mass spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:5066-5075. [PMID: 24617831 PMCID: PMC4014145 DOI: 10.1021/es4056966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Amine-based postcombustion CO2 capture (PCCC) is a promising technique for reducing CO2 emissions from fossil fuel burning plants. A concern of the technique, however, is the emission of amines and their degradation byproducts. To assess the environmental risk of this technique, standardized stack sampling and analytical methods are needed. Here we report on the development of an integrated approach that centers on the application of a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) for characterizing amines and PCCC-relevant species. Molecular characterization is achieved via ion chromatography (IC) and electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The method has been optimized, particularly, by decreasing the AMS vaporizer temperature, to gain quantitative information on the elemental composition and major nitrogen-containing species in laboratory-degraded amine solvents commonly tested for PCCC applications, including ethanolamine (MEA), methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), and piperazine (PIP). The AMS-derived nitrogen-to-carbon (N/C) ratios for the degraded solvent and product mixtures agree well with the results from a total organic carbon and total nitrogen (TOC/TN) analyzer. In addition, marker ions identified in the AMS spectra are used to estimate the mass contributions of individual species. Overall, our results indicate that this new approach is suitable for characterizing PCCC-related mixtures as well as organic nitrogen species in other sample types. As an online instrument, AMS can be used for both real-time characterization of emissions from operating PCCC plants and ambient particles in the vicinity of the facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Ge
- Department
of Environmental Toxicology, University
of California at Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Stephanie L. Shaw
- Electric Power
Research Institute, 3420 Hillview Avenue, Palo Alto, California 98052, United States
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department
of Environmental Toxicology, University
of California at Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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37
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Kidd C, Perraud V, Finlayson-Pitts BJ. New insights into secondary organic aerosol from the ozonolysis of α-pinene from combined infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry measurements. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:22706-16. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03405h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Thermograms of desorbing species from size-fractionated SOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Kidd
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
- Irvine, USA
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38
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Hu D, Li C, Chen H, Chen J, Ye X, Li L, Yang X, Wang X, Mellouki A, Hu Z. Hygroscopicity and optical properties of alkylaminium sulfates. J Environ Sci (China) 2014; 26:37-43. [PMID: 24649689 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(13)60378-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The hygroscopicity and optical properties of alkylaminium sulfates (AASs) were investigated using a hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer coupled to a cavity ring-down spectrometer and a nephelometer. AAS particles do not exhibit a deliquescence phenomenon and show a monotonic increase in diameter as the relative humidity (RH) ascends. Hygroscopic growth factors (GFs) for 40, 100 and 150 nm alkylaminium sulfate particles do not show an apparent Kelvin effect when RH is less than 45%, whereas GFs of the salt aerosols increase with initial particle size when RH is higher than 45%. Calculation using the Zdanovskii-Stokes-Robinson mixing rule suggests that hygroscopic growth of triethylaminium sulfate-ammonium sulfate mixtures is non-deliquescent, occurring at very low RH, implying that the displacement of ammonia by amine will significantly enhance the hygroscopicity of (NH4)2SO4 aerosols. In addition, light extinction of AAS particles is a combined effect of both scattering and absorption under dry conditions, but is dominated by scattering under wet conditions.
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39
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Ocean–Atmosphere Interactions of Particles. OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE INTERACTIONS OF GASES AND PARTICLES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-25643-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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40
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Johnson CJ, Johnson MA. Vibrational Spectra and Fragmentation Pathways of Size-Selected, D2-Tagged Ammonium/Methylammonium Bisulfate Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:13265-74. [DOI: 10.1021/jp404244y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Johnson
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect
Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Mark A. Johnson
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect
Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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41
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Zauscher MD, Wang Y, Moore MJK, Gaston CJ, Prather KA. Air quality impact and physicochemical aging of biomass burning aerosols during the 2007 San Diego wildfires. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:7633-43. [PMID: 23750590 DOI: 10.1021/es4004137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Intense wildfires burning >360000 acres in San Diego during October, 2007 provided a unique opportunity to study the impact of wildfires on local air quality and biomass burning aerosol (BBA) aging. The size-resolved mixing state of individual particles was measured in real-time with an aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS) for 10 days after the fires commenced. Particle concentrations were high county-wide due to the wildfires; 84% of 120-400 nm particles by number were identified as BBA, with particles <400 nm contributing to mass concentrations dangerous to public health, up to 148 μg/m(3). Evidence of potassium salts heterogeneously reacting with inorganic acids was observed with continuous high temporal resolution for the first time. Ten distinct chemical types shown as BBA factors were identified through positive matrix factorization coupled to single particle analysis, including particles comprised of potassium chloride and organic nitrogen during the beginning of the wildfires, ammonium nitrate and amines after an increase of relative humidity, and sulfate dominated when the air mass back trajectories passed through the Los Angeles port region. Understanding BBA aging processes and quantifying the size-resolved mass and number concentrations are important in determining the overall impact of wildfires on air quality, health, and climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie D Zauscher
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
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42
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Mishra BK, Chakrabartty AK, Deka RC. Theoretical study on rate constants for the reactions of CF3CH2NH2 (TFEA) with the hydroxyl radical at 298 K and atmospheric pressure. J Mol Model 2013; 19:2189-95. [PMID: 23354476 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-013-1762-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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43
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Simplified mechanism for new particle formation from methanesulfonic acid, amines, and water via experiments and ab initio calculations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:18719-24. [PMID: 23090988 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1211878109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Airborne particles affect human health and significantly influence visibility and climate. A major fraction of these particles result from the reactions of gaseous precursors to generate low-volatility products such as sulfuric acid and high-molecular weight organics that nucleate to form new particles. Ammonia and, more recently, amines, both of which are ubiquitous in the environment, have also been recognized as important contributors. However, accurately predicting new particle formation in both laboratory systems and in air has been problematic. During the oxidation of organosulfur compounds, gas-phase methanesulfonic acid is formed simultaneously with sulfuric acid, and both are found in particles in coastal regions as well as inland. We show here that: (i) Amines form particles on reaction with methanesulfonic acid, (ii) water vapor is required, and (iii) particle formation can be quantitatively reproduced by a semiempirical kinetics model supported by insights from quantum chemical calculations of likely intermediate clusters. Such an approach may be more broadly applicable in models of outdoor, indoor, and industrial settings where particles are formed, and where accurate modeling is essential for predicting their impact on health, visibility, and climate.
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44
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Drewnick F. Speciation analysis in on-line aerosol mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 404:2127-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6295-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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45
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Ion chromatographic separation and quantitation of alkyl methylamines and ethylamines in atmospheric gas and particulate matter using preconcentration and suppressed conductivity detection. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1252:74-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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46
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Dall'Osto M, Ceburnis D, Monahan C, Worsnop DR, Bialek J, Kulmala M, Kurtén T, Ehn M, Wenger J, Sodeau J, Healy R, O'Dowd C. Nitrogenated and aliphatic organic vapors as possible drivers for marine secondary organic aerosol growth. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2012jd017522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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47
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Alavi S, Taghikhani M. Proton exchange in acid–base complexes induced by reaction coordinates with heavy atom motions. Chem Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2012.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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48
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Qiu C, Zhang R. Physiochemical properties of alkylaminium sulfates: hygroscopicity, thermostability, and density. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:4474-4480. [PMID: 22417685 DOI: 10.1021/es3004377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Although heterogeneous interaction of amines has been recently shown to play an important role in the formation and growth of atmospheric aerosols, little information is available on the physicochemical properties of aminium sulfates. In this study, the hygroscopicity, thermostability, and density of alkylaminium sulfates (AASs) have been measured by an integrated aerosol analytical system including a tandem differential mobility analyzer and an aerosol particle mass analyzer. AAS aerosols exhibit monotonic size growth at increasing RH without a well-defined deliquescence point. Mixing of ammonium sulfate (AS) with AASs lowers the deliquescence point corresponding to AS. Particles with AASs show comparable or higher thermostability than that of AS. The density of AASs is determined to be 1.2-1.5 g cm(-3), and an empirical model is developed to predict the density of AASs on the basis of the mole ratio of alkyl carbons to total sulfate. Our results reveal that the heterogeneous uptake of amines on sulfate particles may considerably alter the aerosol properties. In particular, the displacement reaction of alkylamines with ammonium sulfate aerosols leads to a transition from the crystalline to an amorphorous phase and an improved water uptake, considerably enhancing their direct and indirect climate forcing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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49
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Zhang R, Khalizov A, Wang L, Hu M, Xu W. Nucleation and growth of nanoparticles in the atmosphere. Chem Rev 2011; 112:1957-2011. [PMID: 22044487 DOI: 10.1021/cr2001756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 464] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renyi Zhang
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Center for Atmospheric Chemistry and Environment, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
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50
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Hanson DR, McMurry PH, Jiang J, Tanner D, Huey LG. Ambient pressure proton transfer mass spectrometry: detection of amines and ammonia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2011; 45:8881-8888. [PMID: 21892835 DOI: 10.1021/es201819a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
An instrument to detect gaseous amines and ammonia is described, and representative data from an urban site and a laboratory setting are presented. The instrument, an Ambient pressure Proton transfer Mass Spectrometer (AmPMS), consists of a chemical ionization and drift region at atmospheric pressure coupled to a standard quadrupole mass spectrometer. Calibrations show that AmPMS sensitivity is good for amines, and AmPMS backgrounds were suitably determined by diverting sampled air through a catalytic converter. In urban air at a site in Atlanta, amines were detected at subpptv levels for methyl and dimethyl amine which were generally at a low abundance of <1 and ∼3 pptv, respectively. Trimethyl amine (or isomers) was on average about 4 pptv in the morning and increased to 15 pptv in the afternoon, while triethyl amine (or isomers or amides) increased to 25 pptv on average in the late afternoon. The background levels for the 4 and 5 carbon amines and ammonia were high, and data are very limited for these species. Improvements in detecting amines and ammonia from a smog chamber were evident due to improvements in AmPMS background determination; notably dimethyl amine and its OH oxidation products were followed along with impurity ammonia and other species. Future work will focus on accurate calibration standards and on improving the sample gas inlet.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Hanson
- Chemistry Department, Augsburg College, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, USA.
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