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Banayan Esfahani E, Asadi Zeidabadi F, Jafarikojour M, Mohseni M. Photo-reductive decomposition of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and its common alternatives by UV/VUV/sulfite process: Mechanism, kinetic modeling, and water matrix effects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175796. [PMID: 39187080 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
The present study investigated the photo-reduction of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and its alternatives, focusing on decomposition mechanisms, active species involvement, the influence of background water constituents, and kinetic model development. The decomposition and defluorination rates followed the order of PFOS > PFHxS > 6:2 FTSA > PFBS, with shorter chains and CH2 linkers enhancing the resistance of PFOS alternatives against the attack of hydrated electrons (eaq-). Two primary pathways were identified during the photodegradation of PFAS: (i) H/F exchange at CF bonds with the lowest bond dissociation energies (BDEs) and (ii) functional group cleavage followed by short-chain PFCAs formation, with OH playing a crucial role in transforming intermediates. Adding iodide and elevated temperatures demonstrated a synergistic effect on PFBS decomposition and defluorination, with high temperatures promoting functional group cleavage as the preferred defluorination pathway. The study examined the impact of background water constituents in different aqueous environments, from surface waters to wastewater streams and ion-exchange brine concentrates. Chloride exhibited a concentration-based dual impact on the UV/VUV/sulfite process: promotive effects at low dosages (1-10 mM) by acting as a secondary eaq- mediator, and adverse effects at high dosages (20-500 mM) due to the scavenging effect of generated chlorine radicals (Cl). High ionic strength adversely affected eaq- quantum efficiency. Additionally, bicarbonate and natural organic matter (NOM) had opposing effects on PFOS photo-reduction, primarily through eaq- scavenging and pH alteration. Kinetic modeling revealed reaction rate constants of the studied PFAS with eaq- ranging from 1.8 × 106 to 1.3 × 109 M-1 s-1, corroborating the concentration profiles of active species and highlighting the reductive nature of sulfite-mediated processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Banayan Esfahani
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Fatemeh Asadi Zeidabadi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Morteza Jafarikojour
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Madjid Mohseni
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, Canada.
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Li J, Duan W, An Z, Jiang Z, Li L, Guo M, Tan Z, Zeng X, Liu X, Liu Y, Li A, Guo H. Legacy and alternative per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances spatiotemporal distribution in China: Human exposure, environmental media, and risk assessment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 480:135795. [PMID: 39278030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, China's rapid development has led to significant environmental pollution from the widespread use of chemical products. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are among the most concerning pollutants due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. This article assesses PFAS exposure levels, distribution, and health risks in Chinese blood, environment, and food. Out of 4037 papers retrieved from November 2022 to December 31, 2023, 351 articles met the criteria. Findings show perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) as the main PFAS in both Chinese populations and the environment. The highest PFOA levels in Chinese populations were in Shandong (53.868 ng/mL), while Hubei had the highest PFOS levels (43.874 ng/mL). Similarly, water samples from Sichuan (2115.204 ng/L) and Jiangsu (368.134 ng/L) had the highest PFOA and PFOS levels, respectively. Although localized areas showed high PFAS concentrations. Additionally, developed areas had higher PFAS contamination. The researches conducted in areas such as Qinghai and Hainan remain limited, underscoring the imperative for further investigation. Temporal analysis indicates declining levels of some PFAS, but emerging alternatives require more research. Limited studies on PFAS concentrations in soil, atmosphere, and food emphasize the need for comprehensive research to mitigate human exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Wenjing Duan
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Ziwen An
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Zexuan Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Longfei Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Mingmei Guo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Zhenzhen Tan
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Xiuli Zeng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Xuehui Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, PR China; Center of Environmental and Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, PR China.
| | - Huicai Guo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China.
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Wei W, Chen Q, Zhang J, Wang H. Prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances and childhood bone mineral density: A prospective birth cohort study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2024; 263:114459. [PMID: 39270406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have demonstrated potential toxicity in skeletal development. However, the relationship between prenatal PFAS exposure and offspring bone health remains unclear in epidemiological studies. Therefore, we aim to investigate whether prenatal exposure to PFAS is associated with bone mineral density (BMD) in offspring. METHOD This study population included 182 mother-child pairs in the Shanghai Obesity and Allergy Cohort, enrolled during 2012-2013. 10 PFAS were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) in cord plasma. The child's spinal BMD was measured using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanner at the age of 8. Multivariable linear regression models were used to estimate the associations between individual PFAS concentrations (as a continuous variable or categorized into quartiles) and child BMD. Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) was employed to explore the joint effects of PFAS mixtures on BMD. RESULTS Among the 10 PFAS, 8 of them had a detection rate >90% and were included in the subsequent analysis. We observed no significant associations between individual PFAS (as a continuous variable) and spinal BMD in 8-year-old children using the multivariable linear regression model. When treated as quartile categories, the second and fourth quartiles of perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) was associated with higher BMD in the first lumbar vertebra, compared with the lowest quartile. BKMR analysis revealed no association between the PFAS mixture and child BMD. CONCLUSION We observed no associations of prenatal PFAS exposure with child BMD at 8 years of age. Given the inconsistent epidemiological evidence, further research is needed to confirm these findings from other studies or elucidate the potentially toxic effects of PFAS on bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Xu Y, Sui X, Li J, Zhang L, Wang P, Liu Y, Shi H, Zhang Y. Early-life exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances: Analysis of levels, health risk and binding abilities to transport proteins. ECO-ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH 2024; 3:308-316. [PMID: 39258237 PMCID: PMC11385757 DOI: 10.1016/j.eehl.2024.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) can pass through the placenta and adversely affect fetal development. However, there is a lack of comparison of legacy and emerging PFAS levels among different biosamples in pregnant women and their offspring. This study, based on the Shanghai Maternal-Child Pairs Cohort, analyzed the concentrations of 16 PFAS in the maternal serum, cord serum, and breast milk samples from 1,076 mother-child pairs. The placental and breastfeeding transfer efficiencies of PFAS were determined in maternal-cord and maternal-milk pairs, respectively. The binding affinities of PFAS to five transporters were simulated using molecular docking. The results suggested that PFAS were frequently detected in different biosamples. The median concentration of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was the highest at 8.85 ng/mL, followed by perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) at 7.13 ng/mL and 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate at 5.59 ng/mL in maternal serum. The median concentrations of PFOA were highest in cord serum (4.23 ng/mL) and breast milk (1.08 ng/mL). PFAS demonstrated higher placental than breastfeeding transfer efficiencies. The transfer efficiencies and the binding affinities of most PFAS to proteins exhibited alkyl chain length-dependent patterns. Furthermore, we comprehensively assessed the estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of PFAS in breastfeeding infants of different age groups and used the hazard quotient (HQ) to characterize the potential health risk. EDIs decreased with infant age, and PFOS had higher HQs than PFOA. These findings highlight the significance of considering PFAS exposure, transfer mechanism, and health risks resulting from breast milk intake in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Xu
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xinyao Sui
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Liyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Pengpeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huijing Shi
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Soomro MH, England-Mason G, Reardon AJF, Liu J, MacDonald AM, Kinniburgh DW, Martin JW, Dewey D. Maternal exposure to bisphenols, phthalates, perfluoroalkyl acids, and trace elements and their associations with gestational diabetes mellitus in the APrON cohort. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 127:108612. [PMID: 38782143 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The increasing global prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been hypothesized to be associated with maternal exposure to environmental chemicals. Here, among 420 women participating in the Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition (APrON) cohort study, we examined associations between GDM and second trimester blood or urine concentrations of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs): bisphenol-A (BPA), bisphenol-S (BPS), twelve phthalate metabolites, eight perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), and eleven trace elements. Fifteen (3.57%) of the women were diagnosed with GDM, and associations between the environmental chemical exposures and GDM diagnosis were examined using multiple logistic and LASSO regression analyses in single- and multi-chemical exposure models, respectively. In single chemical exposure models, BPA and mercury were associated with increased odds of GDM, while a significant inverse association was observed for zinc. Double-LASSO regression analysis selected mercury (AOR: 1.51, CI: 1.12-2.02), zinc (AOR: 0.017, CI: 0.0005-0.56), and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnA), a PFAAs, (AOR: 0.43, CI: 0.19-0.94) as the best predictors of GDM. The combined data for this Canadian cohort suggest that second trimester blood mercury was a robust predictor of GDM diagnosis, whereas blood zinc and PFUnA were protective factors. Research into mechanisms that underlie the associations between mercury, zinc, PFUnA, and the development of GDM is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munawar Hussain Soomro
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Owerko Centre, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gillian England-Mason
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Owerko Centre, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anthony J F Reardon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jiaying Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Amy M MacDonald
- Alberta Centre for Toxicology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - David W Kinniburgh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Centre for Toxicology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jonathan W Martin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Deborah Dewey
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Owerko Centre, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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Ru H, Lee AL, Rappazzo KM, Dzierlenga M, Radke E, Bateson TF, Wright JM. Systematic review and meta-analysis of birth weight and perfluorohexane sulfonate exposures: examination of sample timing and study confidence. Occup Environ Med 2024; 81:266-276. [PMID: 38724253 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2023-109328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
We examined the association between mean birth weight (BW) differences and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) exposure biomarkers.We fit a random effects model to estimate the overall pooled effect and for different strata based on biomarker sample timing and overall study confidence. We also conducted an analysis to examine the impact of a continuous measure of gestational age sample timing on the overall pooled effect.We detected a -7.9 g (95% CI -15.0 to -0.7; pQ=0.85; I2=0%) BW decrease per ln ng/mL PFHxS increase based on 27 studies. The 11 medium confidence studies (β=-10.0 g; 95% CI -21.1 to 1.1) showed larger deficits than 12 high (β=-6.8 g; 95% CI -16.3 to 2.8) and 4 low confidence studies (β=-1.5 g; 95% CI -51.6 to 48.7). 10 studies with mid-pregnancy to late-pregnancy sampling periods showed smaller deficits (β=-3.9 g; 95% CI -17.7 to 9.9) than 5 post-partum studies (β=-28.3 g; 95% CI -69.3 to 12.7) and 12 early sampling studies (β=-7.6 g; 95% CI -16.2 to 1.1). 6 of 12 studies with the earliest sampling timing showed results closer to the null.Overall, we detected a small but statistically significant BW deficit across 27 studies. We saw comparable BW deficit magnitudes in both the medium and high confidence studies as well as the early pregnancy group. Despite no definitive pattern by sample timing, larger deficits were seen in postpartum studies. We also saw results closer to the null for a subset of studies restricted to the earliest biomarker collection times. Serial pregnancy sampling, improved precision in gestational age estimates and more standardised reporting of sample variation and exposure units in future epidemiologic research may offer a greater understanding of the relationship between PFHxS on BW and any potential impact of pregnancy haemodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Ru
- Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment; Chemical and Pollutant Assessment Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alexandra L Lee
- Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment; Chemical and Pollutant Assessment Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kristen M Rappazzo
- Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment; Public Health and Environmental Systems Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael Dzierlenga
- Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment; Chemical and Pollutant Assessment Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Elizabeth Radke
- Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment; Chemical and Pollutant Assessment Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Thomas F Bateson
- Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment; Chemical and Pollutant Assessment Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - J Michael Wright
- Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment; Chemical and Pollutant Assessment Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Pili MP, Cagliero L, Panichi V, Bordoni M, Pansarasa O, Cremaschi G, Tonga EB, Cappelletti F, Provenzi L. Exposure to pollution during the first thousand days and telomere length regulation: A literature review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 249:118323. [PMID: 38336161 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Telomere length (TL) is a biomarker for cellular senescence and TL erosion is predictive of the risk for age-related diseases. Despite being genetically determined at birth, TL may be susceptible to modifications through epigenetic mechanisms. Pollutant agents are considered one of the major threats to both human and planetary health. Their ability to cross the placental barrier and induce oxidative stress in fetal cells is particularly concerning and it may be associated with early TL erosion. In consideration of the timely relevance of this topic, we conducted a literature review on the impact of prenatal exposure to pollutant agents on newborn TL. The search yielded a total of 1099 records, of which only 32 met the inclusion criteria for the review. These criteria included the participation of human subjects, a longitudinal design or collection of longitudinal data, reporting of original TL data, and a focus on exposure to pollutant agents. The majority of the studies reported a significant inverse association between prenatal exposure to pollutant agents and TL. Furthermore, the second trimester of pregnancy emerged as a special sensitive period for the occurrence of pollutant agent-driven TL modifications. Sex differences were inconsistently reported across studies. This review contributes to highlighting biochemical pathways for the threats of environmental pollution to human health. Future research is warranted to further highlight potential buffering mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Paola Pili
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Strada Nuova 65, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Lucia Cagliero
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Strada Nuova 65, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Virginia Panichi
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Strada Nuova 65, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Matteo Bordoni
- Cellular Models and Neuroepigenetics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, via Mondino 2, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Orietta Pansarasa
- Cellular Models and Neuroepigenetics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, via Mondino 2, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giacomo Cremaschi
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Strada Nuova 65, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elgin Bilge Tonga
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Strada Nuova 65, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Livio Provenzi
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Strada Nuova 65, 27100, Pavia, Italy; Developmental Psychobiology Lab, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, via Mondino 2, 27100, Pavia, Italy
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Jones RR, Madrigal JM, Troisi R, Surcel HM, Öhman H, Kivelä J, Kiviranta H, Rantakokko P, Koponen J, Medgyesi DN, McGlynn KA, Sampson J, Albert PS, Ward MH. Maternal serum concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Natl Cancer Inst 2024; 116:728-736. [PMID: 38092046 PMCID: PMC11077307 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djad261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widespread and environmentally persistent chemicals with immunotoxic properties. Children are prenatally exposed through maternal transfer of PFAS to cord blood, but no studies have investigated the relationship with childhood leukemia. METHODS We measured maternal serum levels of 19 PFAS in first-trimester samples collected in 1986-2010 and evaluated associations with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in full-term offspring (aged younger than 15 years) for 400 cases and 400 controls in the Finnish Maternity Cohort, matched on sample year, mother's age, gestational age, birth order, and child's sex. We analyzed continuous and categorical exposures, estimating odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) via conditional logistic regression adjusted for maternal smoking and correlated PFAS (ρ ≥ ±0.3). We also stratified by calendar period, mean diagnosis age, and the child's sex. RESULTS N-methyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamidoacetic acid was associated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in continuous models (per each doubling in levels: ORperlog2 = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.07 to 1.39), with a positive exposure-response across categories (OR>90th percentile = 2.52, 95% CI = 1.33 to 4.78; Ptrend = .01). Although we found no relationship with perfluorooctane sulfonic acid overall, an association was observed in samples collected in 1986-1995, when levels were highest (median = 17.9 µg/L; ORperlog2 = 4.01, 95% CI = 1.62 to 9.93). A positive association with perfluorononanoic acid was suggested among first births (Pinteraction = .06). The N-methyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamidoacetic acid association was mainly limited to children diagnosed before age 5 years (Pinteraction = .02). We found no consistent patterns of association with other PFAS or differences by sex. CONCLUSIONS These novel data offer evidence of a relationship between some PFAS and risk of the most common childhood cancer worldwide, including associations with the highest levels of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid and with a precursor, N-methyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamidoacetic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena R Jones
- Occupational & Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics (DCEG), National Cancer Institute (NCI), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Jessica M Madrigal
- Occupational & Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics (DCEG), National Cancer Institute (NCI), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Rebecca Troisi
- Trans-Divisional Research Program, DCEG, NCI, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Heljä-Marja Surcel
- Biobank Borealis of Northern Finland/Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Hanna Öhman
- Biobank Borealis of Northern Finland/Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha Kivelä
- Biobank Borealis of Northern Finland/Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Hannu Kiviranta
- Environmental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Panu Rantakokko
- Environmental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jani Koponen
- Environmental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Danielle N Medgyesi
- Occupational & Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics (DCEG), National Cancer Institute (NCI), Rockville, MD, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mary H Ward
- Occupational & Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics (DCEG), National Cancer Institute (NCI), Rockville, MD, USA
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Ratier A, Casas M, Grazuleviciene R, Slama R, Småstuen Haug L, Thomsen C, Vafeiadi M, Wright J, Zeman FA, Vrijheid M, Brochot C. Estimating the dynamic early life exposure to PFOA and PFOS of the HELIX children: Emerging profiles via prenatal exposure, breastfeeding, and diet. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 186:108621. [PMID: 38593693 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
In utero and children's exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is a major concern in health risk assessment as early life exposures are suspected to induce adverse health effects. Our work aims to estimate children's exposure (from birth to 12 years old) to PFOA and PFOS, using a Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling approach. A model for PFAS was updated to simulate the internal PFAS exposures during the in utero life and childhood, and including individual characteristics and exposure scenarios (e.g., duration of breastfeeding, weight at birth, etc.). Our approach was applied to the HELIX cohort, involving 1,239 mother-child pairs with measured PFOA and PFOS plasma concentrations at two sampling times: maternal and child plasma concentrations (6 to 12 y.o). Our model predicted an increase in plasma concentrations during fetal development and childhood until 2 y.o when the maximum concentrations were reached. Higher plasma concentrations of PFOA than PFOS were predicted until 2 y.o, and then PFOS concentrations gradually became higher than PFOA concentrations. From 2 to 8 y.o, mean concentrations decreased from 3.1 to 1.88 µg/L or ng/mL (PFOA) and from 4.77 to 3.56 µg/L (PFOS). The concentration-time profiles vary with the age and were mostly influenced by in utero exposure (on the first 4 months after birth), breastfeeding (from 5 months to 2 (PFOA) or 5 (PFOS) y.o of the children), and food intake (after 3 (PFOA) or 6 (PFOS) y.o of the children). Similar measured biomarker levels can correspond to large differences in the simulated internal exposures, highlighting the importance to investigate the children's exposure over the early life to improve exposure classification. Our approach demonstrates the possibility to simulate individual internal exposures using PBPK models when measured biomarkers are scarce, helping risk assessors in gaining insight into internal exposure during critical windows, such as early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Ratier
- INERIS, Unit of Experimental Toxicology and Modelling, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; PériTox Laboratory, UMR-I 01 INERIS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.
| | - Maribel Casas
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiologa y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Remy Slama
- Team of Environmental Epidemiology, IAB, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Inserm, CNRS, CHU-Grenoble-Alpes, University Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Line Småstuen Haug
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Department of Food Safety, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cathrine Thomsen
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Department of Food Safety, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marina Vafeiadi
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Florence A Zeman
- INERIS, Unit of Experimental Toxicology and Modelling, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiologa y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Céline Brochot
- INERIS, Unit of Experimental Toxicology and Modelling, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; Certara UK Ltd, Simcyp Division, Sheffield, UK
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10
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Madrigal JM, Troisi R, Surcel HM, Öhman H, Kivelä J, Kiviranta H, Rantakokko P, Koponen J, Medgyesi DN, Kitahara CM, McGlynn KA, Sampson J, Albert PS, Ward MH, Jones RR. Prediagnostic serum concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and risk of papillary thyroid cancer in the Finnish Maternity Cohort. Int J Cancer 2024; 154:979-991. [PMID: 37902275 PMCID: PMC11286200 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) occurs globally through contaminated food, dust, and drinking water. Studies of PFAS and thyroid cancer have been limited. We conducted a nested case-control study of prediagnostic serum levels of 19 PFAS and papillary thyroid cancer (400 cases, 400 controls) in the Finnish Maternity Cohort (pregnancies 1986-2010; follow-up through 2016), individually matched on sample year and age. We used conditional logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for log2 transformed and categorical exposures, overall and stratified by calendar period, birth cohort, and median age at diagnosis. We adjusted for other PFAS with Spearman correlation rho = 0.3-0.6. Seven PFAS, including perfluoroctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), N-ethyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamidoacetic acid (EtFOSAA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) were detected in >50% of women. These PFAS were not associated with risk of thyroid cancer, except for PFHxS, which was inversely associated (OR log2 = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.70-0.97). We observed suggestive but imprecise increased risks associated with PFOA, PFOS, and EtFOSAA for those diagnosed at ages <40 years, whereas associations were null or inverse among those diagnosed at 40+ years (P-interaction: .02, .08, .13, respectively). There was little evidence of other interactions. These results show no clear association between PFAS and papillary thyroid cancer risk. Future work would benefit from evaluation of these relationships among those with higher exposure levels and during periods of early development when the thyroid gland may be more susceptible to environmental harms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M. Madrigal
- Occupational & Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics (DCEG), National Cancer Institute (NCI), Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Heljä-Marja Surcel
- Biobank Borealis of Northern Finland, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Hanna Öhman
- Biobank Borealis of Northern Finland, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha Kivelä
- Biobank Borealis of Northern Finland, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Hannu Kiviranta
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare /Environmental Health Unit, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Panu Rantakokko
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare /Environmental Health Unit, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jani Koponen
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare /Environmental Health Unit, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Danielle N. Medgyesi
- Occupational & Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics (DCEG), National Cancer Institute (NCI), Rockville, Maryland, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Mary H. Ward
- Occupational & Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics (DCEG), National Cancer Institute (NCI), Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Rena R. Jones
- Occupational & Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics (DCEG), National Cancer Institute (NCI), Rockville, Maryland, USA
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11
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Zhang X, Zhou X, Chen H, Gao X, Zhou Y, Lee HK, Huang Z. Changes in Concentrations of Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Human Milk Over Lactation Time and Effects of Maternal Exposure via Analysis of Matched Samples. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:4115-4126. [PMID: 38390687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are potentially related to many adverse health outcomes and could be transferred from maternal blood to human milk, which is an important exposure source for infants during a long-term period. In this study, the maternal blood of 76 women after delivery and their matched human milk samples obtained at 0.5, 1, and 3 months were analyzed by solid-phase extraction method with metal-organic framework/polymer hybrid nanofibers as the sorbents and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-negative electrospray ionization mass spectrometric for quantitative analysis of 31 PFAS. The perfluorooctanoic acid, perfluorooctane sulfonate, and N-methyl perfluorooctane sulfonamido acetic acid (N-MeFOSAA) contributed to more than approximately 50% of the total PFAS concentrations in blood and human milk, while N-MeFOSAA (median: 0.274 ng/mL) was the highest PFAS in human milk at 3 months. The transfer efficiencies for PFAS from maternal blood to human milk at 0.5 months were generally lower, with medians ranging from 0.20% to 16.9%. The number of PFAS species detected in human milk increased as the lactation time went on from 0.5 to 3 months, and the concentrations of 10 PFAS displayed an increasing trend as the prolongation of lactation time (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Xingyan Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Huijun Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Xinyi Gao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Hian Kee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhenzhen Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, PR China
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12
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Ayodele A, Obeng-Gyasi E. Exploring the Potential Link between PFAS Exposure and Endometrial Cancer: A Review of Environmental and Sociodemographic Factors. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:983. [PMID: 38473344 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This exploratory narrative review paper delves into the intricate interplay between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure, sociodemographic factors, and the influence of stressors in the context of endometrial cancer. PFAS, ubiquitous environmental contaminants notorious for their persistence in the ecosystem, have garnered attention for their potential to disrupt endocrine systems and provoke immune responses. We comprehensively examine the various sources of PFAS exposure, encompassing household items, water, air, and soil, thus shedding light on the multifaceted routes through which individuals encounter these compounds. Furthermore, we explore the influence of sociodemographic factors, such as income, education, occupation, ethnicity/race, and geographical location and their relationship to endometrial cancer risk. We also investigated the role of stress on PFAS exposure and endometrial cancer risk. The results revealed a significant impact of sociodemographic factors on both PFAS levels and endometrial cancer risk. Stress emerged as a notable contributing factor influencing PFAS exposure and the development of endometrial cancer, further emphasizing the importance of stress management practices for overall well-being. By synthesizing evidence from diverse fields, this review underscores the need for interdisciplinary research and targeted interventions to comprehensively address the complex relationship between PFAS, sociodemographic factors, stressors, and endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aderonke Ayodele
- Department of Built Environment, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Emmanuel Obeng-Gyasi
- Department of Built Environment, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
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13
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Rosato I, Bonato T, Fletcher T, Batzella E, Canova C. Estimation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) half-lives in human studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 242:117743. [PMID: 38008199 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) constitute a heterogeneous group of synthetic compounds widely used in industrial applications. The estimation of PFAS half-life (t1/2) is essential to quantify their persistence, their toxicity and mechanism of action in humans. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this review is to summarize the evidence on PFAS half-lives in humans from the available literature, and to investigate the limitations and uncertainties characterizing half-life estimation. METHODS The search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases up to July 03, 2023 and was aimed at identifying all papers that estimated PFAS half-life in human populations. We excluded studies on temporal trends or providing estimates of half-life based solely on renal clearance. As persistent and ongoing exposures can influence half-life estimation, we decided to include only studies that were conducted after the main source of exposure to PFAS had ceased. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted on studies that reported perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) or perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) half-life estimation. Risk of bias was evaluated using the OHAT tool. RESULTS A total of 13 articles were included in the review, with 5 studies conducted in exposed general populations and 8 studies conducted in exposed workers; the estimated mean half-life ranged from 1.48 to 5.1 years for PFOA, from 3.4 to 5.7 years for total PFOS, and from 2.84 to 8.5 years for PFHxS. High heterogeneity among studies was observed; potential reasons include the variability among the investigated populations, discrepancies in considering ongoing exposures, variability in PFAS isomeric compositions, accounting for background exposure, time since exposure stopped and methods used for half-life estimation. DISCUSSION Despite the efforts made to better understand PFAS toxicokinetics, further studies are needed to identify important characteristics of these persistent chemicals. Biomonitoring studies should focus on persistent and unaccounted sources of exposure to PFAS and on individual characteristics potentially determining half-life, to ensure accurate estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Rosato
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, Padova, Italy
| | - Tiziano Bonato
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, Padova, Italy
| | - Tony Fletcher
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Erich Batzella
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, Padova, Italy
| | - Cristina Canova
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, Padova, Italy.
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14
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Sun B, Li J, Bai Y, Zhou X, Lam PKS, Chen L. Hypoxic and temporal variation in the endocrine disrupting toxicity of perfluorobutanesulfonate in marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma). J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 136:279-291. [PMID: 37923438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS) is an emerging pollutant capable of potently disrupting the sex and thyroid endocrine systems of teleosts. However, the hypoxic and temporal variation in PFBS endocrine disrupting toxicity remain largely unknown. In the present study, adult marine medaka were exposed to environmentally realistic concentrations of PFBS (0 and 10 µg/L) under normoxia or hypoxia conditions for 7 days, aiming to explore the interactive behavior between PFBS and hypoxia. In addition, PFBS singular exposure was extended till 21 days under normoxia to elucidate the time-course progression in PFBS toxicity. The results showed that hypoxia inhibited the growth and caused the suspension of egg spawn regardless of PFBS exposure. With regard to the sex endocrine system, 7-day PFBS exposure led to an acute stimulation of transcriptional profiles in females, which, subsequently, recovered after the 21-day exposure. The potency of hypoxia to disturb the sex hormones was much stronger than PFBS. A remarkable increase in estradiol concentration was noted in medaka blood after hypoxia exposure. Changes in sex endocrinology of coexposed fish were largely determined by hypoxia, which drove the formation of an estrogenic environment. PFBS further enhanced the endocrine disrupting effects of hypoxia. However, the hepatic synthesis of vitellogenin and choriogenin, two commonly used sensitive biomarkers of estrogenic activity, failed to initiate in response to the estrogen stimulus. Compared to sex endocrine system, disturbances in thyroidal axis by PFBS or hypoxia were relatively mild. Overall, the present findings will advance our toxicological understanding about PFBS pollutant under the interference of hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baili Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yachen Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiangzhen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Paul K S Lam
- Office of the President, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, 30 Good Shepherd Street, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lianguo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
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15
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Soomro MH, England-Mason G, Liu J, Reardon AJF, MacDonald AM, Kinniburgh DW, Martin JW, Dewey D. Associations between the chemical exposome and pregnancy induced hypertension. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:116838. [PMID: 37544468 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental chemicals has been linked to an increased risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH). This prospective cohort study examined the associations between PIH and maternal chemical exposure to four classes of chemicals (i.e., phthalates, bisphenols, perfluoroalkyl acids, non-essential metals and trace minerals). Participants included 420 pregnant women from the Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition (APrON) cohort who had data available on diagnosed PIH and environmental chemical exposure. Twelve phthalate metabolites, two bisphenols, eight perfluoroalkyl acids and eleven non-essential metals or trace minerals were quantified in maternal urine or blood samples collected in the second trimester of pregnancy. Associations between the urinary and blood concentrations of these chemicals and PIH were assessed using multiple logistic and LASSO regression analyses in single- and multi-chemical exposure models, respectively. Thirty-five (8.3%) participants were diagnosed with PIH. In single chemical exposure models, two phthalate metabolites, mono-methyl phthalate (MMP) and monoethyl phthalate (MEP), three perfluoroalkyl acids, perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), and one metal, manganese, were associated with increased odds of PIH. The metabolites of di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and the molar sum of these metabolites, as well as antimony, displayed trend associations (p < 0.10). In multi-chemical exposure models using LASSO penalized regressions and double-LASSO regressions, MEP (AOR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.09-1.88, p = 0.009) and PFNA (AOR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.01-4.07, p = 0.04) were selected as the chemicals most highly associated with PIH. These findings suggest that maternal levels of phthalates and perfluoroalkyl acids may be associated with the diagnosis on PIH. Future research should consider both individual and multi-chemical exposures when examining predictors of PIH and other maternal cardiometabolic health disorders, such as preeclampsia, eclampsia, HELLP syndrome, and gestational diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munawar Hussain Soomro
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Owerko Centre, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Gillian England-Mason
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Owerko Centre, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Jiaying Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anthony J F Reardon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Amy M MacDonald
- Alberta Centre for Toxicology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - David W Kinniburgh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Alberta Centre for Toxicology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jonathan W Martin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Deborah Dewey
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Owerko Centre, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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16
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Hull SD, Deen L, Petersen KU, Jensen TK, Hammer P, Wils RS, Frankel HN, Ostrowski SR, Tøttenborg SS. Time trends in per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) concentrations in the Danish population: A review based on published and newly analyzed data. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:117036. [PMID: 37659637 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent chemicals used in many industries and everyday consumer products and exposure has been linked to several adverse health outcomes. Currently, no systematic monitoring of PFAS levels in the general Danish population has been conducted. OBJECTIVE To study temporal trends of PFAS concentrations in the Danish population. MATERIALS AND METHODS In August 2023, we performed a search for original peer-reviewed reports in PubMed using combinations of search terms for PFAS and Denmark. Reports were included if they comprised a Danish study population and direct measurements of PFAS in serum or plasma samples. Scatter plots of medians presented in the reports were used to visualize time-trends of PFAS concentrations among Danish individuals. RESULTS We included 29 reports based on a total of 18,231 individuals from 19 Danish study populations. A total of 24 PFAS measured in serum or plasma were presented in the reports, the most frequent being PFOS, PFOA, PFDA, PFNA, PFHpA, PFHpS, and PFHxS. Median concentrations of PFOS ranged from 4.0 ng/mL to 44.5 ng/mL, PFOA ranged from 0.8 ng/mL to 9.7 ng/mL, while lower concentrations were presented for the other PFAS. Median concentrations of PFOS and PFOA increased from 1988 until the late 1990s followed by a decrease until 2021. A less clear time-trend were observed for the other PFAS. CONCLUSION Blood concentrations of PFOS and PFOA in the Danish population have declined substantially from the late 1990s until 2021 reflecting a phase-out of the production and regulation of the use of these PFAS. Time-trends for PFDA, PFNA, PFHpA, PFHpS, and PFHxS were less evident, yet a tendency toward a decline was observed. As only some of the compounds are measured, it is not possible to determine if the decrease in some PFAS is outweighed by an increase in others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidsel Dan Hull
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Laura Deen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Kajsa Ugelvig Petersen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Tina Kold Jensen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Institute for Public Health, University of Southern, Denmark
| | - Paula Hammer
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark; Department of Occupational and Social Medicine, Holbaek University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Regitze Sølling Wils
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Hannah Nørtoft Frankel
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Sisse Rye Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sandra Søgaard Tøttenborg
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark; Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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17
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Qin XD, Zhou Y, Bloom MS, Qian Z(M, Geiger SD, Vaughn MG, Chu C, Li QQ, Yang BY, Hu LW, Yu Y, Zeng XW, Dong GH. Prenatal Exposure to PFAS, Associations with Preterm Birth and Modification by Maternal Estrogen Levels: The Maoming Birth Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:117006. [PMID: 37962440 PMCID: PMC10644897 DOI: 10.1289/ehp11377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estrogens play a critical role in parturition, and poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), which have estrogenic effects, have been associated with preterm birth. However, the impact of estrogens on the association between PFAS and preterm birth is unknown. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to investigate if estrogens modified the association between PFAS and preterm birth, using a nested case-control study design. METHODS A total of 371 preterm births and 508 controls were selected from a birth cohort study in China between 2016 and 2018. Perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) and its branched isomer, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and its branched isomer, and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) were quantified in maternal serum (mean gestational age of 32 wk). Estradiol and estriol were quantified in cord serum. Preterm birth was defined as live delivery at < 37 gestational weeks. Causal mediation analysis was used to estimate the mediation and interaction effects of estrogen on the association between PFAS and preterm birth. Latent profile analysis was used to identify important estrogen profiles. Multiple linear regression was used to estimate associations between PFAS and preterm birth and interactions between PFAS and estrogens on preterm birth. RESULTS Overall, higher odds ratios (ORs) of preterm birth were associated with each 1 ln-unit PFAS increase: PFBA [1.20, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.14, 1.26], PFNA (1.30, 95% CI: 1.21, 1.39), PFOA (1.98, 95% CI: 1.54, 2.55), and PFOS (1.91, 95% CI: 1.76, 2.07) and its branched isomer (1.91, 95% CI: 1.90, 1.92). We detected statistically significant interactions between cord estradiol and PFAS on preterm birth, while no mediation effects of cord estrogen were observed. The ORs of PFOS (4.29, 95% CI: 1.31, 8.25), its branched isomer (6.71, 95% CI: 1.06, 11.91), and preterm birth were greater for participants with high cord estrogen levels than for participants with low cord estrogen levels. DISCUSSION Our findings suggest that estrogen modified the association between maternal PFAS exposure and preterm birth. Further studies on maternal PFAS exposure and preterm birth, taking interaction effects of cord estrogens into account, are warranted. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11377.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Di Qin
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, China
| | - Michael S. Bloom
- Department of Global and Community Health, College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - Zhengmin (Min) Qian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sarah Dee Geiger
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael G. Vaughn
- School of Social Work, College for Public Health & Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Chu Chu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Qing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo-Yi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Wen Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunjiang Yu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Højsager FD, Sigvaldsen A, Andersen MS, Juul A, Nielsen F, Möller S, Christesen HBT, Grøntved A, Grandjean P, Jensen TK. Prenatal and early postnatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and bone mineral content and density in the Odense Child Cohort. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 181:108264. [PMID: 37864903 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has been associated with lower bone mineral density (BMD) in animal and human studies, but prospective data from children are limited. OBJECTIVES To determine associations between prenatal and early postnatal PFAS exposure and BMD at age 7 years. METHODS In the Odense Child Cohort, Denmark, pregnant women were recruited in 2010-2012, and their children were invited for subsequent health examinations. At 12 weeks of gestation the pregnant women delivered a serum sample, and at age 18 months serum was obtained from the child to measure perfluorooctane sulfonic acid(PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) by LC-MS/MS. At age 7 years DXA scans were performed to measure bone mineral content (BMC) and BMD Z-score. PFAS in pregnancy (n = 881) and/or at age 18 months (n = 668) were regressed against DXA measurements, adjusted for maternal education, child height Z-score, sex (for BMC) and for postnatal exposure, additionally duration of total breastfeeding. We additionally performed structural equation models determining combined effects of pre-and postnatal PFAS exposures. RESULTS Higher prenatal and early postnatal serum concentrations of all measured PFAS were associated with lower BMC and BMD Z-scores at age 7 years, all estimates were negative although not all significant. For each doubling of 18-month exposure to PFNA or PFOS, BMD Z-scores were lowered by -0.10 (95 % CI -0.19;-0.00) and -0.08 (-0.17;-0.00), respectively after adjustment. Pre- and postnatal PFAS were correlated, but structural equation models suggested that associations with BMD were stronger for 18-month than prenatal PFAS exposure. DISCUSSION Bone density is established in childhood, and a reduction in BMD during early childhood may have long-term implication for peak bone mass and lifelong bone health. Future studies of the impact of PFAS exposure on fracture incidence will help elucidate the clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Damsgaard Højsager
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløwsvej 17A, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Annika Sigvaldsen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløwsvej 17A, 5000 Odense, Denmark.
| | - Marianne Skovsager Andersen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark
| | - Anders Juul
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Denmark
| | - Flemming Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløwsvej 17A, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Sören Möller
- Odense Patient Data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Anders Grøntved
- Exercise Epidemiology, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Centre of Research in Childhood Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Philippe Grandjean
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløwsvej 17A, 5000 Odense, Denmark; Depertment of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Tina Kold Jensen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløwsvej 17A, 5000 Odense, Denmark; Odense Patient Data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense, Denmark; Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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19
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Meng X, Yu G, Luo T, Zhang R, Zhang J, Liu Y. Transcriptomics integrated with metabolomics reveals perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) exposure effect during pregnancy and lactation on lipid metabolism in rat offspring. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:140120. [PMID: 37696479 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Emerging epidemiological evidence indicates potential associations between gestational perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) exposure and adverse metabolic outcomes in offspring. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Our study aimed to investigate PFBS exposure effects during pregnancy and lactation on rat offspring lipid profiles and the possible underlying mechanisms. Although the biochemical index difference including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), alanine amino transaminase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), and fasting blood glucose between exposed groups and the control group was not significant, transcriptome analyses showed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the 50 mg/kg/day PFBS exposure group were significantly related to protein digestion and absorption, peroxisome proliferator activated-receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway, xenobiotic metabolism by cytochrome P450, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, β-alanine metabolism, bile secretion, unsaturated fatty acid (FA) biosynthesis, and alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism. Untargeted metabolomics analyses identified 17 differential metabolites in the 50 mg/kg/day PFBS exposure group. Among these, phosphatidylserine [PS (18:0/22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z))], lysoPE (18:1(11Z)/0:0), and PS (14:0/20:4(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)) were significantly correlated with phospholipid metabolism disorders. Correlation analysis indicated the DEGs, including FA binding protein (Fabp4), spermine oxidase (Smox), Fabp2, acyl-CoA thioesterase 5 (Acot5), sarcosine dehydrogenase (Sardh), and amine oxidase, copper-containing 3 (Aoc3) that significantly enriched in xenobiotic metabolism by cytochrome P450 and glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism signaling pathways were highly related to the differential metabolite pantetheine 4'-phosphate. Pantetheine 4'-phosphate was significantly negatively associated with non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) and TC levels. Collectively, our study indicated that maternal PFBS exposure at a relatively low level could alter gene expression and metabolic molecules in lipid metabolism-related pathway series in rat offspring, although the effects on metabolic phenotypes were not significant within the limited observational period, using group-wise and trend analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Meng
- Ministry of Education -Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Guoqi Yu
- Ministry of Education -Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China; Global Center for Asian Women's Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Tingyu Luo
- School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, China
| | - Ruiyuan Zhang
- Ministry of Education -Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Ministry of Education -Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Yongjie Liu
- Ministry of Education -Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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20
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Zheng G, Eick SM, Salamova A. Elevated Levels of Ultrashort- and Short-Chain Perfluoroalkyl Acids in US Homes and People. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:15782-15793. [PMID: 37818968 PMCID: PMC10603771 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) make up a large group of fluorinated organic compounds extensively used in consumer products and industrial applications. Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), the two perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) with 8 carbons in their structure, have been phased out on a global scale because of their high environmental persistence and toxicity. As a result, shorter-chain PFAAs with less than 8 carbons in their structure are being used as their replacements and are now widely detected in the environment, raising concerns about their effects on human health. In this study, 47 PFAAs and their precursors were measured in paired samples of dust and drinking water collected from residential homes in Indiana, United States, and in blood and urine samples collected from the residents of these homes. Ultrashort- (with 2 or 3 carbons [C2-C3]) and short-chain (with 4-7 carbons [C4-C7]) PFAAs were the most abundant in all four matrices and constituted on average 69-100% of the total PFAA concentrations. Specifically, trifluoroacetic acid (TFA, C2) and perfluoropropanoic acid (PFPrA, C3) were the predominant PFAAs in most of the samples. Significant positive correlations (n = 81; r = 0.23-0.42; p < 0.05) were found between TFA, perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA, C4), and perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA, C7) concentrations in dust or water and those in serum, suggesting dust ingestion and/or drinking water consumption as important exposure pathways for these compounds. This study demonstrates that ultrashort- and short-chain PFAAs are now abundant in the indoor environment and in humans and warrants further research on potential adverse health effects of these exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guomao Zheng
- School
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Stephanie M. Eick
- Gangarosa
Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Department
of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Amina Salamova
- Gangarosa
Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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21
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Huang S, Li X, Deng L, Xie J, Huang G, Zeng C, Wu N, Zhu S, Liu C, Mei H, Xiao H, Chen D, Yang P. Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in women with twin pregnancies: Patterns and variability, transplacental transfer, and predictors. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 460:132432. [PMID: 37688869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
The extensive exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) has raised public health concerns. The issue of PFAS exposures in women with twin pregnancies remains unresolved. To determine exposure profiles, the transplacental transfer efficiencies (TTEs) of PFASs and predictors were estimated. We found that serum PFASs were widely detected, with detection rates of over 50% for 12 PFASs in maternal serum throughout pregnancy. The majority of PFAS levels exhibited fair to good reproducibility (ICCs > 0.40). Moderate to low correlations were observed for most PFASs between twin cord serum and maternal serum at three trimesters (rs = 0.13-0.77, p values < 0.01). We first presented a U-shaped trend for TTEs with increasing chain length for perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids (PFSAs) in twins, even in twin sex subgroups. Further, we found that PC4 and PC5 (indicators of exposure to PFHxS and 6:2 Cl-PFESA) were positively associated with age (β = 0.85, 1.30, and 1.36, respectively). Our findings suggested that there is moderate variability among certain PFASs and that these PFASs have the ability to cross the placental barrier. Exposure patterns were found to be associated with maternal age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyi Huang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, PR China; China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, PR China; China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Langjing Deng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, PR China; China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Jinying Xie
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, PR China; China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Guangtong Huang
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Chenyan Zeng
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, PR China; China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Nanxin Wu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, PR China; China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Sui Zhu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, PR China; China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Chaoqun Liu
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, PR China; China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Hong Mei
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Han Xiao
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Da Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Pan Yang
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, PR China; China Greater Bay Area Research Center of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, PR China.
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22
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Wang J, Ji Z, Fan P, Duan J, Xiong J, Liu Z, Hou Y, Wang N. Effects of inorganic ions with different concentrations on the nanofiltration separation performance of perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS). CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 337:139334. [PMID: 37379976 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS) is a kind of anthropogenic recalcitrant contaminant that has posed a threat to drinking water safety and brought widespread public health concerns. Nanofiltration (NF) is an effective way to remove PFBS from drinking water, while the removal is influenced by coexisting ions. To investigate the effects and intrinsic mechanisms of coexisting ions on the rejection of PFBS, poly(piperazineamide) NF membrane was utilized in this work. Results showed that most cations and anions in the feedwater could effectively improve PFBS rejection and simultaneously reduce NF membrane permeability. In most cases, the decrease in NF membrane permeability corresponded to an increase in the valence of cations or anions. When cations (Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+) were present, the rejection of PFBS was effectively improved from 79% to more than 91.07%. Under these conditions, electrostatic exclusion was the dominant NF rejection mechanism. This was also the leading mechanism for 0.1 mmol/L Fe3+ coexisted condition. As the concentration of Fe3+ increased to 0.5-1 mmol/L, intensified hydrolyzation would accelerate the formation of the cake layers. The differences in the cake layer characteristics led to the different rejection trends of PFBS. For anions (SO42- and PO43-), both sieving effects and electrostatic exclusion were enhanced. As anionic concentration raised, the NF rejection of PFBS increased to above 90.15%. By contrast, the effect of Cl- on PFBS rejection was also affected by coexisting cations in the solution. The dominant NF rejection mechanism was electrostatic exclusion. Accordingly, it is suggested that the usage of negatively charged NF membranes could facilitate the efficient separation of PFBS under ionic coexisting conditions, thereby ensuring the safety of drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxuan Wang
- School of Architecture & Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Yan Ta Road, No. 58, Xi'an, 710054, China; Shaanxi Yulin Changjialiang Shengli Coal Mine Co., Ltd., Niujialiang Town, Yulin, 719000, China; Research Institute of Membrane Separation Technology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, Yan Ta Road, No. 13, Xi'an, 710055, China.
| | - Zhengxuan Ji
- School of Architecture & Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Yan Ta Road, No. 58, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Peiru Fan
- School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, Yan Ta Road, No. 13, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Jiaqi Duan
- School of Architecture & Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Yan Ta Road, No. 58, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Jiaqing Xiong
- School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, Yan Ta Road, No. 13, Xi'an, 710055, China; Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- School of Environmental & Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, Yan Ta Road, No. 13, Xi'an, 710055, China; Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Yulin Ecological Environment Monitoring Station, High-tech Zone Xingda Road, Yulin, 719000, China
| | - Yushi Hou
- Shaanxi Architectural Design and Research Institute (Group) Co., Ltd., Wen Jing Road, No. 58, Xi'an, 710018, China
| | - Na Wang
- School of Architecture & Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Yan Ta Road, No. 58, Xi'an, 710054, China
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23
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Beck IH, Bilenberg N, Möller S, Nielsen F, Grandjean P, Højsager FD, Halldorsson TI, Nielsen C, Jensen TK. Association Between Prenatal and Early Postnatal Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances and IQ Score in 7-Year-Old Children From the Odense Child Cohort. Am J Epidemiol 2023; 192:1522-1535. [PMID: 37119029 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwad110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent chemicals capable of crossing the placenta and passing into breast milk. Evidence suggests that PFAS exposure may affect brain development. We investigated whether prenatal or early postnatal PFAS exposure was associated with intelligence quotient (IQ) scores in schoolchildren from the Odense Child Cohort (Denmark, 2010-2020). We assessed concentrations of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) in maternal serum collected during the first trimester of pregnancy and in child serum at age 18 months. At 7 years of age, children completed an abbreviated version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fifth Edition, from which Full Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ) and Verbal Comprehension Index scores were estimated. In multiple linear regression analyses conducted among 967 mother-child pairs, a doubling in maternal PFOS and PFNA concentrations was associated with a lower FSIQ score, while no significant associations were observed for PFOA, PFHxS, or PFDA. PFAS concentrations at age 18 months and duration of breastfeeding were strongly correlated, and even in structural equation models it was not possible to differentiate between the opposite effects of PFAS exposure and duration of breastfeeding on FSIQ. PFAS exposure is ubiquitous; therefore, an association with even a small reduction in IQ is of public health concern.
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India-Aldana S, Yao M, Midya V, Colicino E, Chatzi L, Chu J, Gennings C, Jones DP, Loos RJF, Setiawan VW, Smith MR, Walker RW, Barupal D, Walker DI, Valvi D. PFAS Exposures and the Human Metabolome: A Systematic Review of Epidemiological Studies. CURRENT POLLUTION REPORTS 2023; 9:510-568. [PMID: 37753190 PMCID: PMC10520990 DOI: 10.1007/s40726-023-00269-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review There is a growing interest in understanding the health effects of exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) through the study of the human metabolome. In this systematic review, we aimed to identify consistent findings between PFAS and metabolomic signatures. We conducted a search matching specific keywords that was independently reviewed by two authors on two databases (EMBASE and PubMed) from their inception through July 19, 2022 following PRISMA guidelines. Recent Findings We identified a total of 28 eligible observational studies that evaluated the associations between 31 different PFAS exposures and metabolomics in humans. The most common exposure evaluated was legacy long-chain PFAS. Population sample sizes ranged from 40 to 1,105 participants at different stages across the lifespan. A total of 19 studies used a non-targeted metabolomics approach, 7 used targeted approaches, and 2 included both. The majority of studies were cross-sectional (n = 25), including four with prospective analyses of PFAS measured prior to metabolomics. Summary Most frequently reported associations across studies were observed between PFAS and amino acids, fatty acids, glycerophospholipids, glycerolipids, phosphosphingolipids, bile acids, ceramides, purines, and acylcarnitines. Corresponding metabolic pathways were also altered, including lipid, amino acid, carbohydrate, nucleotide, energy metabolism, glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, and metabolism of cofactors and vitamins. We found consistent evidence across studies indicating PFAS-induced alterations in lipid and amino acid metabolites, which may be involved in energy and cell membrane disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra India-Aldana
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health,
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1057, New
York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Meizhen Yao
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health,
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1057, New
York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Vishal Midya
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health,
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1057, New
York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Elena Colicino
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health,
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1057, New
York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Leda Chatzi
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck
School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jaime Chu
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount
Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chris Gennings
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health,
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1057, New
York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Dean P. Jones
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary,
Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ruth J. F. Loos
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health,
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1057, New
York, NY 10029, USA
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn
School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk
Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen,
Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Veronica W. Setiawan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck
School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mathew Ryan Smith
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary,
Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Ryan W. Walker
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health,
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1057, New
York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Dinesh Barupal
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health,
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1057, New
York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Douglas I. Walker
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health,
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1057, New
York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Damaskini Valvi
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health,
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1057, New
York, NY 10029, USA
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25
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Spyrakis F, Dragani TA. The EU's Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Ban: A Case of Policy over Science. TOXICS 2023; 11:721. [PMID: 37755732 PMCID: PMC10536631 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11090721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The proposal by the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) to ban over 12,000 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has sparked a debate about potential consequences for the economy, industry, and the environment. Although some PFAS are known to be harmful, a blanket ban may lead to significant problems in attempting to replace PFAS-based materials for environmental transition, as well as in medical devices and everyday products. Alternative materials may potentially be less safe, as a rush to replace PFAS would reduce the time needed for toxicological analyses. Studies have shown that PFAS exhibit a diverse range of mechanisms of action, biopersistence, and bioaccumulation potential, and should thus not be treated as a single group. This is particularly true for the class of fluoropolymers. A targeted approach that considers the specific risks and benefits of each chemical may be more effective. Moreover, the proposed ban may also have unintended consequences for the environment as PFAS use is also associated with benefits such as reducing greenhouse-gas emissions and improving energy efficiency. Policymakers must carefully weigh up the potential consequences before making a final decision on the ban.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Spyrakis
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy;
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26
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Sevelsted A, Pedersen CET, Gürdeniz G, Rasmussen MA, Schullehner J, Sdougkou K, Martin JW, Lasky-Su J, Morin A, Ober C, Schoos AMM, Stokholm J, Bønnelykke K, Chawes B, Bisgaard H. Exposures to perfluoroalkyl substances and asthma phenotypes in childhood: an investigation of the COPSAC2010 cohort. EBioMedicine 2023; 94:104699. [PMID: 37429082 PMCID: PMC10339117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances may affect offspring immune development and thereby increase risk of childhood asthma, but the underlying mechanisms and asthma phenotype affected by such exposure is unknown. METHODS In the Danish COPSAC2010 cohort of 738 unselected pregnant women and their children plasma PFOS and PFOA concentrations were semi-quantified by untargeted metabolomics analyses and calibrated using a targeted pipeline in mothers (gestation week 24 and 1 week postpartum) and children (age ½, 1½ and 6 years). We examined associations between pregnancy and childhood PFOS and PFOA exposure and childhood infections, asthma, allergic sensitization, atopic dermatitis, and lung function measures, and studied potential mechanisms by integrating data on systemic low-grade inflammation (hs-CRP), functional immune responses, and epigenetics. FINDINGS Higher maternal PFOS and PFOA exposure during pregnancy showed association with a non-atopic asthma phenotype by age 6, a protection against sensitization, and no association with atopic asthma or lung function, or atopic dermatitis. The effect was primarily driven by prenatal exposure. There was no association with infection proneness, low-grade inflammation, altered immune responses or epigenetic changes. INTERPRETATIONS Prenatal exposure to PFOS and PFOA, but not childhood exposure, specifically increased the risk of low prevalent non-atopic asthma, whereas there was no effect on atopic asthma, lung function, or atopic dermatitis. FUNDING All funding received by COPSAC are listed on www.copsac.com. The Lundbeck Foundation (Grant no R16-A1694); The Novo Nordic Foundation (Grant nos NNF20OC0061029, NNF170C0025014, NNF180C0031764); The Ministry of Health (Grant no 903516); Danish Council for Strategic Research (Grant no 0603-00280B); and The Capital Region Research Foundation have provided core support to the COPSAC research center. COPSAC acknowledges the National Facility for Exposomics (SciLifeLab, Sweden) for supporting calibration of the untargeted metabolomics PFAS data. BC and AS has received funding for this project from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (BC: grant agreement No. 946228 DEFEND; AS: grant agreement No. 864764 HEDIMED).
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Sevelsted
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Casper-Emil Tingskov Pedersen
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gözde Gürdeniz
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Arendt Rasmussen
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jörg Schullehner
- Research Unit for Environment, Work and Health, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kalliroi Sdougkou
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonathan W Martin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jessica Lasky-Su
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andreanne Morin
- Departments of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carole Ober
- Departments of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ann-Marie Malby Schoos
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Pediatrics, Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Jakob Stokholm
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Pediatrics, Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Klaus Bønnelykke
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bo Chawes
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Hans Bisgaard
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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27
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Reardon AJF, Hajihosseini M, Dinu I, Field CJ, Kinniburgh DW, MacDonald AM, Dewey D, England-Mason G, Martin JW. Maternal co-exposure to mercury and perfluoroalkyl acid isomers and their associations with child neurodevelopment in a Canadian birth cohort. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 178:108087. [PMID: 37454627 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) within the broader class of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are present in human serum as isomer mixtures, but epidemiological studies have yet to address isomer-specific associations with child development and behavior. OBJECTIVES To examine associations between prenatal exposure to 25 PFAAs, including perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) isomers, and child neurodevelopment among 490 mother-child pairs in a prospective Canadian birth cohort, the Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition (APrON) study. To consider the influence of a classic neurotoxicant, total mercury (THg), based on its likelihood of co-exposure with PFAAs from common dietary sources. METHODS Maternal blood samples were collected in the second trimester and child neurodevelopment was assessed at 2 years of age using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd Edition (Bayley-III). Linear or curvilinear multiple regression models were used to examine associations between exposures and neurodevelopment outcomes. RESULTS Select PFAAs were associated with lower Cognitive composite scores, including perfluoroheptanoate (PFHpA) (β = -0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI): -1.7, -0.06) and perfluorododecanoate (PFDoA) (β = -2.0, 95% CI: -3.9, -0.01). Non-linear relationships revealed associations of total PFOS (β = -4.4, 95% CI: -8.3, -0.43), and linear-PFOS (β = -4.0, 95% CI: -7.5, -0.57) and 1m-PFOS (β = -1.8, 95% CI: -3.3, -0.24) isomers with lower Language composite scores. Although there was no effect modification, including THg interaction terms in PFAA models revealed negative associations between perfluorononanoate (PFNA) and Motor (β = -3.3, 95% CI: -6.2, -0.33) and Social-Emotional (β = -3.0, 95% CI: -5.6, -0.40) composite scores. DISCUSSION These findings reinforce previous reports of adverse effects of maternal PFAA exposure during pregnancy on child neurodevelopment. The unique hazards posed from isomers of PFOS justify isomer-specific analysis in future studies. To control for possible confounding, mercury co-exposure may be considered in studies of PFAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J F Reardon
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Irina Dinu
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Catherine J Field
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - David W Kinniburgh
- Alberta Centre for Toxicology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Amy M MacDonald
- Alberta Centre for Toxicology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Deborah Dewey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Owerko Centre at the Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Community Health Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gillian England-Mason
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Owerko Centre at the Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jonathan W Martin
- Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Peritore AF, Gugliandolo E, Cuzzocrea S, Crupi R, Britti D. Current Review of Increasing Animal Health Threat of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS): Harms, Limitations, and Alternatives to Manage Their Toxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11707. [PMID: 37511474 PMCID: PMC10380748 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Perfluorinated and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS), more than 4700 in number, are a group of widely used man-made chemicals that accumulate in living things and the environment over time. They are known as "forever chemicals" because they are extremely persistent in our environment and body. Because PFAS have been widely used for many decades, their presence is evident globally, and their persistence and potential toxicity create concern for animals, humans and environmental health. They can have multiple adverse health effects, such as liver damage, thyroid disease, obesity, fertility problems, and cancer. The most significant source of living exposure to PFAS is dietary intake (food and water), but given massive industrial and domestic use, these substances are now punctually present not only domestically but also in the outdoor environment. For example, livestock and wildlife can be exposed to PFAS through contaminated water, soil, substrate, air, or food. In this review, we have analyzed and exposed the characteristics of PFAS and their various uses and reported data on their presence in the environment, from industrialized to less populated areas. In several areas of the planet, even in areas far from large population centers, the presence of PFAS was confirmed, both in marine and terrestrial animals (organisms). Among the most common PFAS identified are undoubtedly perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), two of the most widely used and, to date, among the most studied in terms of toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics. The objective of this review is to provide insights into the toxic potential of PFAS, their exposure, and related mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Enrico Gugliandolo
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Domenico Britti
- Department of Health Sciences, Campus Universitario "Salvatore Venuta" Viale Europa, "Magna Græcia University" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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Ubong D, Stewart L, Sepai O, Knudsen LE, Berman T, Reynders H, Van Campenhout K, Katsonouri A, Van Nieuwenhuyse A, Ingelido AM, Castaño A, Pedraza-Díaz S, Eiríksdóttir ÁV, Thomsen C, Hartmann C, Gjorgjev D, De Felip E, Tolonen H, Santonen T, Klanova J, Norström K, Kononenko L, Silva MJ, Uhl M, Kolossa-Gehring M, Apel P, Jõemaa M, Jajcaj M, Estokova M, Luijten M, Lebret E, von Goetz N, Holcer NJ, Probst-Hensch N, Cavaleiro R, Barouki R, Tarroja E, Balčienė RM, Strumylaite L, Latvala S, Namorado S, Szigeti T, Ingi Halldorsson T, Olafsdottir K, Wasowicz W. Application of human biomonitoring data to support policy development, raise awareness and environmental public health protection among countries within the HBM4EU project. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 251:114170. [PMID: 37207539 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Most countries have acknowledged the importance of assessing and quantifying their population's internal exposure from chemicals in air, water, soil, food and other consumer products due to the potential health and economic impact. Human biomonitoring (HBM) is a valuable tool which can be used to quantify such exposures and effects. Results from HBM studies can also contribute to improving public health by providing evidence of individuals' internal chemical exposure as well as data to understand the burden of disease and associated costs thereby stimulating the development and implementation of evidence-based policy. To have a holistic view on HBM data utilisation, a multi-case research approach was used to explore the use of HBM data to support national chemical regulations, protect public health and raise awareness among countries participating in the HBM4EU project. The Human Biomonitoring for Europe (HBM4EU) Initiative (https://www.hbm4eu.eu/) is a collaborative effort involving 30 countries, the European Environment Agency (EEA) and the European Commission (contracting authority) to harmonise procedures across Europe and advance research into the understanding of the health impacts of environmental chemical exposure. One of the aims of the project was to use HBM data to support evidence based chemical policy and make this information timely and directly available for policy makers and all partners. The main data source for this article was the narratives collected from 27 countries within the HBM4EU project. The countries (self-selection) were grouped into 3 categories in terms of HBM data usage either for public awareness, policy support or for the establishment HBM programme. Narratives were analysed/summarised using guidelines and templates that focused on ministries involved in or advocating for HBM; steps required to engage policy makers; barriers, drivers and opportunities in developing a HBM programme. The narratives reported the use of HBM data either for raising awareness or addressing environmental/public health issues and policy development. The ministries of Health and Environment were reported to be the most prominent entities advocating for HBM, the involvement of several authorities/institutions in the national hubs was also cited to create an avenue to interact, discuss and gain the attention of policy makers. Participating in European projects and the general population interest in HBM studies were seen as drivers and opportunities in developing HBM programmes. A key barrier that was cited by countries for establishing and sustaining national HBM programmes was funding which is mainly due to the high costs associated with the collection and chemical analysis of human samples. Although challenges and barriers still exist, most countries within Europe were already conversant with the benefits and opportunities of HBM. This article offers important insights into factors associated with the utilisation of HBM data for policy support and public awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dragan Gjorgjev
- Institute of Public Health, Republic of North Macedonia, Macedonia
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30
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Sun B, Li J, Hu C, Giesy JP, Lam PKS, Chen L. Toxicity of perfluorobutanesulfonate on gill functions of marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma): A time course and hypoxia co-exposure study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 872:162297. [PMID: 36801345 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS) is found in hypoxia regions. Results of previous studies have shown that hypoxia was capable of altering the inherent toxicity of PFBS. However, regarding gill functions, hypoxic influences and time course progression of toxic effects of PFBS remain unclear. In this study, with the aim to reveal the interaction behavior between PFBS and hypoxia, adult marine medaka Oryzias melastigma were exposed for 7 days to 0 or 10 μg PFBS/L under normoxic or hypoxic conditions. Subsequently, to explore the time-course transition in gill toxicity, medaka were exposed to PFBS for 21 days. The results showed that hypoxia dramatically increased the respiratory rate of medaka gill, which was further enhanced by exposure to PFBS; although exposure to PFBS under normoxic conditions for 7 days did not alter respiration, exposure to PFBS for 21 days significantly accelerated the respiration rate of female medaka. Concurrently, both hypoxia and PFBS were potent to interrupt the gene transcriptions and Na+, K+-ATPase enzymatic activity that play pivotal roles in the osmoregulation in gills of marine medaka, consequently disrupting homeostasis of major ions in blood, such as Na+, Cl-, and Ca2+. In addition, composition and diversity of the microbiome residing on surfaces of the gill were profiled by using amplicon sequencing. Acute exposure to hypoxia for only 7 days caused a significant decrease in diversity of the bacterial community of gill whatever the presence of PFBS, while PFBS exposure for 21 days increased the diversity of gill microbial community. Principal component analysis revealed that, compared with PFBS, hypoxia was the predominant driver of gill microbiome dysbiosis. Depending on duration of exposure, a divergence was caused in the microbial community of gill. Overall, the current findings underline the interaction between hypoxia and PFBS on gill function and demonstrate the temporal variation in PFBS toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baili Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chenyan Hu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Paul K S Lam
- Office of the President, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, 30 Good Shepherd Street, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Lianguo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
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31
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McAdam J, Bell EM. Determinants of maternal and neonatal PFAS concentrations: a review. Environ Health 2023; 22:41. [PMID: 37161484 PMCID: PMC10170754 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-023-00992-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are used for their properties such as stain and water resistance. The substances have been associated with adverse health outcomes in both pregnant mothers and infants, including pre-eclampsia and low birthweight. A growing body of research suggests that PFAS are transferred from mother to fetus through the placenta, leading to in utero exposure. A systematic review was performed using the PubMed database to search for studies evaluating determinants of PFAS concentrations in blood matrices of pregnant mothers and neonates shortly after birth. Studies were included in this review if an observational study design was utilized, exposure to at least one PFAS analyte was measured, PFAS were measured in maternal or neonatal matrices, at least one determinant of PFAS concentrations was assessed, and results such as beta estimates were provided. We identified 35 studies for inclusion in the review and evaluated the PFAS and determinant relationships among the factors collected in these studies. Parity, breastfeeding history, maternal race and country of origin, and household income had the strongest and most consistent evidence to support their roles as determinants of certain PFAS concentrations in pregnant mothers. Reported study findings on smoking status, alcohol consumption, and pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) suggest that these factors are not important determinants of PFAS concentrations in pregnant mothers or neonates. Further study into informative factors such as consumer product use, detailed dietary information, and consumed water sources as potential determinants of maternal or neonatal PFAS concentrations is needed. Research on determinants of maternal or neonatal PFAS concentrations is critical to estimate past PFAS exposure, build improved exposure models, and further our understanding on dose-response relationships, which can influence epidemiological studies and risk assessment evaluations. Given the potential for adverse outcomes in pregnant mothers and neonates exposed to PFAS, it is important to identify and understand determinants of maternal and neonatal PFAS concentrations to better implement public health interventions in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan McAdam
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Erin M Bell
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY, USA.
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32
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Wright JM, Lee AL, Rappazzo KM, Ru H, Radke EG, Bateson TF. Systematic review and meta-analysis of birth weight and PFNA exposures. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 222:115357. [PMID: 36706898 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We used a systematic review that included risk of bias and study sensitivity analysis to identify 34 studies examining changes in birth weight (BWT) in relation to PFNA biomarker measures (e.g., maternal serum/plasma or umbilical cord samples). We fit a random effects model of the overall pooled estimate and stratified estimates based on sample timing and overall study confidence. We conducted a meta-regression to further examine the impact of gestational age at biomarker sample timing. We detected a -32.9 g (95%CI: -47.0, -18.7) mean BWT deficit per each ln PFNA increase from 27 included studies. We did not detect evidence of publication bias (pE = 0.30) or between-study heterogeneity in the summary estimate (pQ = 0.05; I2 = 36%). The twelve high confidence studies yielded a smaller pooled effect estimate (β = -28.0 g; 95%CI: -49.0, -6.9) than the ten medium (β = -39.0 g; 95%CI: -61.8, -16.3) or four low (β = -36.9 g; 95%CI: -82.9, 9.1) confidence studies. The stratum-specific results based on earlier pregnancy sampling periods in 11 studies showed smaller deficits (β = -22.0 g; 95%CI: -40.1, -4.0) compared to 10 mid- and late-pregnancy (β = -44.2 g; 95%CI: -64.8, -23.5) studies and six post-partum studies (β = -42.9 g; 95%CI: -88.0, 2.2). Using estimates of the specific gestational week of sampling, the meta-regression showed results consistent with the categorical sample analysis, in that as gestational age at sampling time increases across these studies, the summary effect estimate of a mean BWT deficit got larger. Overall, we detected mean BWT deficits for PFNA that were larger and more consistent across studies than previous PFAS meta-analyses. Compared to studies with later sampling, BWT deficits were smaller but remained sizeable for even the earliest sampling periods. Contrary to earlier meta-analyses for PFOA and PFOS, BWT deficits that were detected across all strata did not appear to be fully explained by potential bias due to pregnancy hemodynamics from sampling timing differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Wright
- US EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health & Environmental Assessment, Chemical and Pollutant Assessment Division, USA.
| | - A L Lee
- US EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health & Environmental Assessment, Chemical and Pollutant Assessment Division, USA
| | - K M Rappazzo
- US EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health & Environmental Assessment, Public Health and Environmental Systems Division, USA
| | - H Ru
- US EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health & Environmental Assessment, Chemical and Pollutant Assessment Division, USA
| | - E G Radke
- US EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health & Environmental Assessment, Chemical and Pollutant Assessment Division, USA
| | - T F Bateson
- US EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health & Environmental Assessment, Chemical and Pollutant Assessment Division, USA
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Chen L, Zhu M, Liu Y, Yang Z, Li H, Mu H, Liu S, Wu B. Perfluorobutanesulfonate exposure induces metabolic disturbances in different regions of mouse gut. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 866:161261. [PMID: 36587682 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS), an alternative to perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), has raised many health concerns. However, PFBS toxicity in the mammalian gut remains unclear. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 10 μg/L and 500 μg/L PFBS or 500 μg/L PFOS in their water supply for 28 days. PFBS toxicity in the ileum and colon was explored and compared to that of PFOS. Biochemical analysis showed that tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels increased in the ileum exposed to 10 μg/L PFBS, whereas no significant changes were observed in those levels in the colon. Catalase (CAT) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA), TNF-α, and IL-1β levels increased and glutathione (GSH) levels decreased in the ileum of the 500 μg/L-PFBS group, whereas only MDA levels increased in the colon of the 500 μg/L-PFBS group. The results showed that more severe damage occurred in the ileum than in the colon after PFBS exposure, and these align with the 500 μg/L-PFOS group exposure as well. Furthermore, metabolomic analysis revealed glutathione metabolism as a vital factor in inducing PFBS and PFOS toxicities in the ileum. Steroid hormone and amino acid metabolisms were other important factors involved in PFBS and PFOS toxicities, respectively. In the colon, GSH, pyrimidine, and glucose (especially galactose) metabolism was the main contributor to PFBS toxicity, and sulfur amino acid metabolism was the main pathway for PFOS toxicity. This study provides more evidence of the health hazards due to low-dose PFBS exposure in the mammalian gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Mengyuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yafeng Liu
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Zhongchao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Huan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Hongxin Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Su Liu
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China; School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Bing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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Johanson G, Gyllenhammar I, Ekstrand C, Pyko A, Xu Y, Li Y, Norström K, Lilja K, Lindh C, Benskin JP, Georgelis A, Forsell K, Jakobsson K, Glynn A, Vogs C. Quantitative relationships of perfluoroalkyl acids in drinking water associated with serum concentrations above background in adults living near contamination hotspots in Sweden. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 219:115024. [PMID: 36535390 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Contaminated drinking water (DW) is a major source of exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) at locations around PFAS production/use facilities and military airports. This study aimed to investigate quantitative relationships between concentrations in DW and serum of nine perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in Swedish adult populations living near contamination hotspots. Short-chained (PFPeA, PFHxA, PFHpA, and PFBS) and long-chained PFAAs (PFOA, PFNA, PFDA, PFHxS and PFOS) were measured in DW and serum. We matched DW and serum concentrations for a total of 398 subjects living or working in areas receiving contaminated DW and in one non-contaminated area. Thereafter, linear regression analysis with and without adjustments for co-variates was conducted. This enabled to derive (i) serum concentrations at background exposure (CB) from sources other than local DW exposure (i.e. food, dust and textiles) at 0 ng/L DW concentration, (ii) population-mean PFAA serum:water ratios (SWR) and (iii) PFAA concentrations in DW causing observable elevated serum PFAA concentrations above background variability. Median concentrations of the sum of nine PFAAs ranged between 2.8 and 1790 ng/L in DW and between 7.6 and 96.9 ng/mL in serum. DW concentration was the strongest predictor, resulting in similar unadjusted and adjusted regression coefficients. Mean CB ranged from <0.1 (PFPeA, PFHpA, PFBS) to 5.1 ng/mL (PFOS). Serum concentrations increased significantly with increasing DW concentrations for all PFAAs except for PFPeA with SWRs ranging from <10 (PFHxA, PFHpA and PFBS) to 111 (PFHxS). Observed elevated serum concentrations above background variability were reached at DW concentrations between 24 (PFOA) and 357 ng/L (PFHxA). The unadjusted linear regression predictions agreed well with serum concentrations previously reported in various populations exposed to low and high DW levels of PFOA, PFHxS and PFOS. The quantitative relationships derived herein should be helpful to translate PFAA concentrations in DW to concentrations in serum at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Johanson
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7028, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden; Unit of Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, P.O. Box 210, SE 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Irina Gyllenhammar
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7028, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden; Swedish Food Agency, Box 622, 751 26, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carl Ekstrand
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7028, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andrei Pyko
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, Region Stockholm, Sweden; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yiyi Xu
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, P.O Box 414, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ying Li
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, P.O Box 414, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Norström
- Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Circular Economy Department, 106 48, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karl Lilja
- Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Circular Economy Department, 106 48, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christian Lindh
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Antonios Georgelis
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, Region Stockholm, Sweden; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karl Forsell
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Norrland University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kristina Jakobsson
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, P.O Box 414, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden; Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Box 414, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Glynn
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7028, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carolina Vogs
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7028, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Li A, Hou J, Fu J, Wang Y, Hu Y, Zhuang T, Li M, Song M, Jiang G. Association between serum levels of TSH and free T4 and per- and polyfluoroalkyl compounds concentrations in pregnant women. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 124:11-18. [PMID: 36182121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Many per- and polyfluoralkyl substances (PFASs) may disrupt maternal thyroid hormone homeostasis in pregnancy. Concerns should be raised regarding the PFASs exposure in pregnant women because thyroid hormones are involved in the early development of the fetus. In this study, we measured the concentrations of 13 PFASs, including five novel short-chain PFASs, in serum from 123 pregnant women in Beijing, China. Linear regression models were used to investigate the association between thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or free thyroxine (FT4) levels and PFASs concentrations under consideration of the impacts of pregnancy-induced physiological factors. We found that perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) (β=0.189, 95%CI=-0.039, 0.417, p=0.10) and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) (β=-0.554, 95%CI=-1.16, 0.049, p=0.071) were suggestive of significant association with TSH in thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) negative women. No association was observed between all PFASs and FT4 levels after controlling for these confounding factors, such as BMI, gestational weight gain and maternal age. These findings suggest that it should pay more attention to the association between thyroid hormone levels and short-chain PFASs concentrations. Future studies could consider a greater sample and the inclusion of other clinical indicators of thyroid function, such as free T3 and total T3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian Hou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jianjie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yinan Wang
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Yifei Hu
- Department of Child, Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Taifeng Zhuang
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100026, China
| | - Menglong Li
- Department of Child, Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Maoyong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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36
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Wang H, Wei K, Wu Z, Liu F, Wang D, Peng X, Liu Y, Xu J, Jiang A, Zhang Y. Association between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and semen quality. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:27884-27894. [PMID: 36396760 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24182-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Some studies have suggested that perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) exposure may be associated with semen quality in the general population, but with inconsistent results. To identify a more precise relationship between them, a meta-analysis was performed. We searched Embase, the PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Ovid databases, and Web of Science databases (before March 2022) for appropriate studies on the correlations of PFAS exposure with semen parameters. We extracted β value and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to conduct meta-analysis. Subgroup analyses was performed by sample size, geographic location, and sample type. A total of seven articles involving 2190 participants were included in this study. The concentrations of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) (β value = - 1.38; 95% CI: - 2.44, - 0.32) and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) (β value = - 1.31, 95% CI: - 2.35, - 0.26) were negatively associated with sperm progressive motility. Subgroup analysis revealed that PFNA exposure was related to sperm morphology in studies with the sample size exceeding 200 people (β value = - 0.14; 95% CI: - 0.26, - 0.01). Our study supports that exposure to some PFASs (e.g., PFNA, PFOA) may be associated with semen quality, such as lower sperm progressive motility. Therefore, it is of great significance for the prevention of male infertility by control the use of PFASs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanqiang Wang
- Department of Public Health, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, 222000, China
| | - Kai Wei
- Department of Public Health, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, 222000, China
| | - Zhixin Wu
- Department of Public Health, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, 222000, China
| | - Fucun Liu
- Department of Public Health, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, 222000, China
| | - Danhua Wang
- Department of Public Health, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, 222000, China
| | - Xianzheng Peng
- Department of Public Health, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, 222000, China
- Department of Nursing, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, 222000, China
| | - Yongyou Liu
- Department of Public Health, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, 222000, China
| | - Jida Xu
- Department of Public Health, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, 222000, China
| | - A'pei Jiang
- Department of Public Health, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, 222000, China
- Department of Nursing, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, 222000, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Public Health, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, 222000, China.
- Department of Nursing, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, 222000, China.
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Chen L, Liu Y, Mu H, Li H, Liu S, Zhu M, Bu Y, Wu B. Effects of perfluorobutane sulfonate and perfluorooctane sulfonate on lipid homeostasis in mouse liver. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 315:120403. [PMID: 36228861 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS), an alternative to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), has been increasingly used in recent years. However, emerging evidence has raised concerns about the potential health risks of PFBS. Here, the toxicityof low-dose PFBS on livers was explored and compared with that of PFOS. Adult C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 10 μg/L, 500 μg/L PFBS, or 500 μg/L PFOS for 28 days through drinking water. At the phenotypic level, no liver damage was observed in the 10 μg/L PFBS group. The cell apoptosis and decrease of CAT activities were observed in the 500 μg/L PFBS group, while accumulation of lipid droplets, increase of CAT activities and TAG levels were found in the 500 μg/L PFOS group. Lipidomics analysis revealed that 138, 238, and 310 lipids were significantly changed in the 10 μg/L, 500 μg/L PFBS and 500 μg/L PFOS groups, respectively. The two PFBS-treated groups induced similar global lipid changes in a dose-dependent manner, which were distinct from PFOS. Overall, PFBS exposure induced an increase in phosphatidylcholines and sphingomyelins, but a decrease in phosphatidylinositol. PFOS exposure caused an increase in triacylglycerols. This study provides more evidence on the health hazards caused by exposure to low-dose PFBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Yafeng Liu
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Hongxin Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Su Liu
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, PR China; School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Mengyuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Yuanqing Bu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Bing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
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38
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Pirard C, Charlier C. Urinary levels of parabens, phthalate metabolites, bisphenol A and plasticizer alternatives in a Belgian population: Time trend or impact of an awareness campaign? ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:113852. [PMID: 35820649 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A human biomonitoring study was carried out in 2015 within an adult population living in Liege (Belgium). Some phthalate metabolites and parabens were measured in the urine of 252 participants, and information were collected about their food habits, life styles and home environment to identify some predictors of exposure. Concomitantly, an awareness campaign was initiated by the Provincial Authorities of Liege and spread over 2 years. Three years later (2018), 92 of the initial participants provided again urine samples, and the levels of phthalate metabolites, phthalate substitute (DINCH), parabens, bisphenol-A and bisphenol alternatives (bisphenol-S, -F, -Z, -P) were determined and compared to those obtained in 2015 to assess time trends. In 2015, methyl- and ethylparaben were the most abundant parabens (P50 = 9.12 μg/L and 1.1 μg/L respectively), while propyl- and butylparaben were sparsely detected. Except for mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate and 6-OH-mono-propyl-heptyl phthalate, all other targeted phthalate metabolites were positively quantified in most of the urine samples (between 89 and 98%) with median concentrations ranging between 2.7 μg/L and 21.3 μg/L depending on the metabolite. The multivariate regression models highlighted some significant associations between urinary phthalate metabolite or paraben levels and age, rural or urban character of the residence place, and the use of some personal care products. However, all determination coefficients were weak meaning that the usual covariates included in the models only explained a small part of the variance. Between 2015 and 2018, levels of parabens and phthalate metabolites significantly decreased (from 1.3 to 2.5 fold) except for monoethyl phthalate which seemed to remain quite constant. Contrariwise, all bisphenol alternatives and DINCH metabolites were measured in higher concentrations in 2018 vs 2015 while BPA levels did not differ significantly. However, it was not feasible to unequivocally highlight an impact of the awareness campaign on the exposure levels of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Pirard
- Laboratory of Clinical, Forensic and Environmental Toxicology, CHU of Liege, B35, 4000, Liege, Belgium; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liege (ULiege), CHU (B35), 4000, Liege, Belgium.
| | - Corinne Charlier
- Laboratory of Clinical, Forensic and Environmental Toxicology, CHU of Liege, B35, 4000, Liege, Belgium; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liege (ULiege), CHU (B35), 4000, Liege, Belgium
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Yu Y, Qin XD, Bloom MS, Chu C, Dai X, Li QQ, Chen ZX, Kong ML, Xie YQ, Meng WJ, Yang BY, Hu LW, Zeng XW, Zhao XM, Zhou Y, Dong GH. Associations of prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances with preterm birth: A family-based birth cohort study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:113803. [PMID: 35810818 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Studies have investigated associations between maternal exposure to PFAS and preterm birth, but the impact of paternal and overall family exposure to PFAS mixtures on preterm birth remains unknown. To address this knowledge gap, a total of 355 preterm births and 481 controls were selected for a family-based birth cohort study in a coastal area of China, between 2016 and 2018. Seven PFAS, including perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), were quantified in maternal, paternal and neonatal sera. Preterm birth was defined as live delivery at <37 completed gestational weeks. Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) model was used to inspect the combined effect of family PFAS mixtures. Latent class analysis was used to identify family-level PFAS exposure profiles. Multiple linear regression analysis showed higher odds of preterm birth in association with higher maternal PFBA (OR = 1.16, 95%CI:1.09, 1.25), PFOA (OR = 1.51, 95%CI:1.27, 1.80), PFOS (OR = 2.07, 95%CI:1.70, 2.52) and PFNA (OR = 1.36, 95%CI: 1.01, 1.83), and neonatal PFBA (OR = 1.16, 95%CI:1.05,1.29), PFHxA (OR = 1.46, 95%CI:1.32, 1.62), PFHxS (OR = 1.15, 95%CI:1.05, 1.26) and PFNA (OR = 1.30, 95%CI:1.09,1.56). The associations were reversed between individual paternal PFAS exposures and preterm birth. At the family level, higher PFAS mixture concentration was associated with higher odds of preterm birth. In particular, higher PFNA and PFDA exposure was associated with greater preterm birth risk (OR = 2.55, 95%CI:1.45, 4.50). The PFAS-preterm association was modified by family-level seafood consumption. Our results suggest that higher family-level PFNA and PFDA exposure was associated with greater preterm birth risk, although the results for individual paternal, maternal and neonatal PFAS exposures were contradictory. If replicated in other coastal areas, these findings highlight a need to focus on the family triad and to consider seafood consumption when assessing the reproductive toxicity of PFAS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjiang Yu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Xiao-Di Qin
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Michael S Bloom
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA
| | - Chu Chu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xin Dai
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Center for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Qin-Qin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zan-Xiong Chen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Maoming City, Maoming, 525000, Guangdong, China
| | - Min-Li Kong
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Maoming City, Maoming, 525000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan-Qi Xie
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Maoming City, Maoming, 525000, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-Jie Meng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Bo-Yi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Li-Wen Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiao-Miao Zhao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Yang Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou, 510655, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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40
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Borghese MM, Liang CL, Owen J, Fisher M. Individual and mixture associations of perfluoroalkyl substances on liver function biomarkers in the Canadian Health Measures Survey. Environ Health 2022; 21:85. [PMID: 36104725 PMCID: PMC9472375 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00892-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perfluoroalkyl substances can disrupt hepatic metabolism and may be associated with liver function biomarkers. We examined individual and mixture associations of PFAS on liver function biomarkers in a representative sample of Canadian adults. We explored the potential for effect modification by sex and body mass index, as well as by physical activity level which may attenuate the deleterious effect of PFAS on metabolic disorders. METHODS We analyzed data from participants aged 20-74 from the Canadian Health Measures Survey. We used linear regression to examine associations between plasma concentrations of PFOA, PFOS, PFHxS, PFNA, PFDA, and PFUDA on serum concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and total bilirubin. We used quantile g-computation to estimate associations with a PFAS mixture for each simultaneous, one-quartile change in PFAS concentrations. RESULTS Each doubling of PFOA, PFOS, PFHxS, or PFNA concentrations was associated with higher AST, GGT, and ALP concentrations. Each doubling of PFOA concentrations was associated with 16.5% (95%CI: 10.4, 23.0) higher GGT concentrations among adults not meeting Canada's physical activity guidelines vs. 6.6% (95%CI: -1.6, 15.5) among those meeting these guidelines. Sex and BMI also modified some associations, though to a lesser extent. We did not observe associations between ALT and PFOA (1.2% change; 95%CI: -2.5, 4.9), PFOS (2.2% change; 95%CI: -0.8, 5.3), or PFHxS (1.5% change; 95%CI: -0.4, 3.4). We also did not observe consistent associations for PFDA and PFUDA or with total bilirubin. In quantile g-computation models, each simultaneous one-quartile increase in the PFAS mixture was positively associated with AST (7.5% higher; 95%CI: 4.0, 10.4), GGT (9.7% higher; 95%CI: 1.7, 17.0), and ALP (2.8% higher; 95%CI: 0.5, 5.4). CONCLUSION Higher plasma concentrations of PFOA, PFOS, PFHxS, and PFNA - both individually and as a mixture - were associated with higher serum concentrations of liver function biomarkers. These results contribute to emerging evidence suggesting that higher levels of physical activity appear to be protective against the hepatotoxic effects of PFOA. This work contributes to a growing body of evidence supporting the hepatotoxic effects of PFAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Borghese
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 0M1, Canada.
| | - Chun Lei Liang
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 0M1, Canada
| | - James Owen
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 0M1, Canada
| | - Mandy Fisher
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, 251 Sir Frederick Banting, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 0M1, Canada
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Højsager FD, Andersen M, Juul A, Nielsen F, Möller S, Christensen HT, Grøntved A, Grandjean P, Jensen TK. Prenatal and early postnatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and bone mineral content and density in the Odense child cohort. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 167:107417. [PMID: 35914335 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has been associated with lower bone mineral density (BMD) in animal and human studies, but prospective data from children are limited. OBJECTIVES To determine associations between prenatal and early postnatal PFAS exposure and BMD at age 7 years. METHODS In the Odense Child Cohort, Denmark, pregnant women were recruited in 2010-2012, and their children were invited for subsequent health examinations. At 12 weeks of gestation the pregnant women delivered a serum sample, and at age 18 months serum was obtained from the child to measure perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) by LC-MS/MS. At age 7 years DXA scans were performed to measure bone mineral content (BMC) and BMD Z-score. PFAS in pregnancy (n = 924) and/or at age 18 months (n = 511) were regressed against DXA measurements, adjusted for maternal education, child height Z-score, sex (for BMC) and for postnatal exposure, additionally duration of total breastfeeding. We additionally performed structural equation models determining combined effects of pre-and postnatal PFAS exposures. RESULTS Higher prenatal and early postnatal serum concentrations of all measured PFAS were associated with lower BMC and BMD Z-scores at age 7 years, all estimates were negative although not all significant. For each doubling of prenatal or 18-month exposure to PFDA, BMD Z-scores were lowered by -0.07 (95 % CI -0.10; -0.03) and -0.14 (-0.25; -0.03), respectively after adjustment. Pre- and postnatal PFAS were correlated, but structural equation models suggested that associations with BMD were stronger for 18-month than prenatal PFAS exposure. DISCUSSION Bone density is established in childhood, and a reduction in BMD during early childhood may have long-term implication for peak bone mass and lifelong bone health. Future studies of the impact of PFAS exposure on fracture incidence will help elucidate the clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- F D Højsager
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløwsvej 17A, 5000 Odense, Denmark.
| | - M Andersen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark
| | - A Juul
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Denmark
| | - F Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløwsvej 17A, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - S Möller
- Odense Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense, Denmark
| | - H T Christensen
- Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - A Grøntved
- Exercise Epidemiology, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Centre of Research in Childhood Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - P Grandjean
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløwsvej 17A, 5000 Odense, Denmark; Depertment of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - T K Jensen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløwsvej 17A, 5000 Odense, Denmark; Odense Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense, Denmark; Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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Jensen RC, Glintborg D, Timmermann CAG, Nielsen F, Boye H, Madsen JB, Bilenberg N, Grandjean P, Jensen TK, Andersen MS. Higher free thyroxine associated with PFAS exposure in first trimester. The Odense Child Cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113492. [PMID: 35597289 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are endocrine disrupting chemicals with elimination half-lives ranging from four to eight years. Experimental studies found PFAS able to interfere with thyroid hormone-binding proteins. During the first 20 weeks of gestation (GW), the fetus is reliant on placental transfer of maternal thyroid hormones, mainly free thyroxine (FT4). However, previous studies investigating associations between exposure to PFAS and thyroid hormone status mainly focused on blood samples from late pregnancy or umbilical cord with mixed findings. OBJECTIVES To investigate associations between serum-PFAS concentrations and thyroid hormone status in early pregnancy as reflected by FT4 and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). METHODS In the Odense Child Cohort, a single-center study, we measured maternal pregnancy serum concentrations of five PFAS: perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA); and FT4 and TSH in 1048 pregnant women at median GW 12 (25th, 75th percentile: 10, 15). Multivariate linear regression models were performed to estimate associations between PFAS exposure and thyroid hormone status. RESULTS A doubling in PFOS, PFOA, and PFNA concentrations was associated with an increment in FT4 concentration by 1.85% (95% CI: 0.66%, 3.05%), 1.29% (95% CI: 0.21%, 2.39%), and 1.70% (95% CI: 0.48%, 2.94%), respectively, in adjusted analyses. A statistically significant dose-response relationship was observed across exposure quartiles for PFOS, PFOA, and PFNA in the association with FT4. No association was found between concentrations of PFAS and TSH in adjusted analyses. CONCLUSION Exposure to PFOS, PFOA, and PFNA was associated with higher FT4 concentrations in women during early pregnancy. The potential clinical implications of these findings remain to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Christian Jensen
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Søndre Blvd. 29, 5000, Odense C, Denmark; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 17A, 5000, Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Dorte Glintborg
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Søndre Blvd. 29, 5000, Odense C, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, 5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Clara Amalie Gade Timmermann
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 17A, 5000, Odense C, Denmark; National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Studiestræde 6, 1455, København K, Denmark
| | - Flemming Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 17A, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Henriette Boye
- Odense Child Cohort, Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Kløvervænget 23C, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Buur Madsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Lillebaelt Hospital, Kabbeltoft 25, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 7100, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Niels Bilenberg
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, 5000, Odense, Denmark; Odense Child Cohort, Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Kløvervænget 23C, 5000, Odense C, Denmark; Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health Odense, Mental Health Services in the Region of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsløws Vej 16, 5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Philippe Grandjean
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 17A, 5000, Odense C, Denmark; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, 677 Huntington Avenue Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tina Kold Jensen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 17A, 5000, Odense C, Denmark; Odense Child Cohort, Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Kløvervænget 23C, 5000, Odense C, Denmark; OPEN, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsløws Vej 9a, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Marianne S Andersen
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Søndre Blvd. 29, 5000, Odense C, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, 5000, Odense, Denmark
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Sevelsted A, Gürdeniz G, Rago D, Pedersen CET, Lasky-Su JA, Checa A, Zhang P, Wheelock CE, Normann SS, Kristensen DM, Rasmussen MA, Schullehner J, Sdougkou K, Martin JW, Stokholm J, Bønnelykke K, Bisgaard H, Chawes B. Effect of perfluoroalkyl exposure in pregnancy and infancy on intrauterine and childhood growth and anthropometry. Sub study from COPSAC2010 birth cohort. EBioMedicine 2022; 83:104236. [PMID: 36030647 PMCID: PMC9434040 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perfluoroalkyl substances PFOS and PFOA are persistent and bioaccumulative exogenous chemicals in the human body with a range of suspected negative health effects. It is hypothesised that exposure during prenatal and early postnatal life might have particularly detrimental effects on intrauterine and childhood growth. In a Danish longitudinal mother-child cohort we investigate effect of PFOS and PFOA in pregnancy and infancy on intrauterine and childhood growth and anthropometry. METHODS COPSAC2010 is an ongoing population based mother-child cohort of 738 pregnant women and their children followed from 24 week gestation with longitudinal deep clinical phenotyping until age 10 years. In this observational cohort sub study plasma PFOS and PFOA concentrations were semi-quantified by untargeted metabolomics in the mothers at week 24 and 1 week postpartum and in the children at ages 6 and 18 months and calibrated using a targeted pipeline. We examined associations to intrauterine and childhood growth and anthropometry, including interactions with child sex. Untargeted and targeted blood metabolomics profiles were integrated to investigate underlying mechanisms. FINDINGS Pregnancy plasma PFOA concentrations were associated with lower birth size -0.19 [-0.33; -0.05] BMI z-score per 1-ng/mL and increased childhood height (z-scored) at age 6: 0.18 [0.05; 0.31], but there was no association between childs' own infancy plasma PFOA concentration and height. Pregnancy plasma PFOS concentrations were also associated with lower birth BMI (-0.04 [-0.08; -0.01]), but in childhood pregnancy plasma PFOS concentration interacted with child sex on BMI and fat percentage at 6 years with negative associations in girls and positive in boys. The effect of maternal plasma PFOS concentration on lower girl BMI was borderline mediated through increasing child plasma lactosyl-ceramide levels (p-mediation=0.08). Similarly the effect of maternal plasma PFOS concentration on higher boy fat percentage was borderline mediated through increasing child plasma lactosyl-ceramide levels (p-mediation=0.07). Infancy concentrations of plasma PFOS associated with lower height in childhood, -0.06 z-score at age 6 [-0.19; -0.03]. INTERPRETATION Higher PFOS and PFOA plasma concentrations during pregnancy had detrimental effects on fetal growth. The effects on childhood growth were not similar as PFOA increased child height, opposite of PFOS in multipollutant models suggesting a differing fetal programming effect. Sex specific growth effects were borderline mediated through an altered lactosyl-ceramide metabolism, proposing a possible mechanism of PFOS that has long-lasting health consequences in this observational study. FUNDING All funding received by COPSAC are listed on www.copsac.com. The Lundbeck Foundation (Grant no R16-A1694); The Novo Nordic Foundation (Grant nos NNF20OC0061029, NNF170C0025014, NNF180C0031764) The Ministry of Health (Grant no 903516); Danish Council for Strategic Research (Grant no 0603-00280B) and The Capital Region Research Foundation have provided core support to the COPSAC research center. Effort from JALS is supported by R01HL123915, R01HL141826, and R01HL155742 from NIH/NHLBI. CEW was supported by the Swedish Heart Lung Foundation (HLF 20180290, HLF 20200693). BC has received funding for this project from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 946228). The funding agencies did not have any role in design and conduct of the study; collection, management, and interpretation of the data; or preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Sevelsted
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gözde Gürdeniz
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniela Rago
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Casper-Emil Tingskov Pedersen
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jessica A Lasky-Su
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Antonio Checa
- Unit of Integrative Metabolomics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171-77, Sweden
| | - Pei Zhang
- Unit of Integrative Metabolomics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171-77, Sweden; Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Craig E Wheelock
- Unit of Integrative Metabolomics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171-77, Sweden; Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm 141-86, Sweden; Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Stine S Normann
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David M Kristensen
- Department of Neurology, Danish Headache Center, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Arendt Rasmussen
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jörg Schullehner
- Department of Groundwater and Quaternary Geology Mapping, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Aarhus, Denmark; Research Unit for Environment, Work and Health, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kalliroi Sdougkou
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm 114 18, Sweden
| | - Jonathan W Martin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm 114 18, Sweden
| | - Jakob Stokholm
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus Bønnelykke
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Bisgaard
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bo Chawes
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Oh J, Bennett DH, Tancredi DJ, Calafat AM, Schmidt RJ, Hertz-Picciotto I, Shin HM. Longitudinal Changes in Maternal Serum Concentrations of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances from Pregnancy to Two Years Postpartum. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:11449-11459. [PMID: 35904360 PMCID: PMC9798824 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) during pregnancy and lactation is of increasing public health concern, but little is known about longitudinal changes in maternal PFAS concentrations from pregnancy to a few years postpartum. We quantified 11 PFAS in 251 serum samples prospectively collected from 42 Northern California mothers during the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy and at 3, 6, and 24 months after delivery over 2009-2017. We fit separate linear mixed models during pregnancy, early postpartum, and late postpartum to estimate percent changes of PFAS for each subperiod. Among five PFAS detected in more than 99% of samples, linear and branched perfluorooctanesulfonate (n- and Sm-PFOS), linear perfluorooctanoate (n-PFOA), and perfluorononanoate (PFNA) concentrations changed -4% to -3% per month during pregnancy. During early postpartum, perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS) and n-PFOA concentrations changed -6% and -5%, respectively, per month, and Sm-PFOS and PFNA concentrations changed -1% per month. During late postpartum, n-PFOS, Sm-PFOS, and PFNA concentrations changed -1% per month. Breastfeeding duration was the primary determinant of n-PFOA and PFNA concentrations during late postpartum, showing negative associations. Our findings might be useful for reconstructing reliable prenatal or early life PFAS exposures for offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Oh
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Deborah H. Bennett
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Daniel J. Tancredi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis, California 95817, USA
| | - Antonia M. Calafat
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, USA
| | - Rebecca J. Schmidt
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
- UC Davis MIND (Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Institute, Sacramento, California 95817, USA
| | - Irva Hertz-Picciotto
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
- UC Davis MIND (Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Institute, Sacramento, California 95817, USA
| | - Hyeong-Moo Shin
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, USA
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Meng P, DeStefano NJ, Knappe DRU. Extraction and Matrix Cleanup Method for Analyzing Novel Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Ether Acids and Other Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Fruits and Vegetables. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:4792-4804. [PMID: 35188387 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl ether acids (PFEAs) are a subclass of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) that are detected with increasing frequency in environmental matrices. Diet can be an important route of PFEA exposure, but the presence of PFEAs in food is poorly understood. Extraction methods for food samples exist for traditionally studied PFAS, but their suitability for PFEAs and other novel PFAS remains unknown. In this study, an extraction and matrix cleanup method was developed to quantify 45 PFAS, including 13 PFEAs, 3 perfluoroalkane sulfonamides, and 6 fluorotelomer carboxylic acids in 10 types of fruits and vegetables. Homogenized samples were extracted with basic methanol, and resulting extracts were diluted with water and cleaned up using solid-phase extraction with weak anion-exchange cartridges. The method was validated by performing spike-recovery experiments at spike levels of 1 ng/g in all 10 matrices and 0.1 ng/g in 2 matrices. For PFAS without a corresponding isotopically labeled internal standard (IS), adopting an IS with a similar chromatographic retention time generated the most accurate recoveries. Dependent upon the matrix, recoveries of 38-44 PFAS (including 10-13 PFEAs) fell within 50-150% for samples spiked at 1 ng/g. Recoveries of 40 and 38 PFAS in blueberries and corn, respectively, fell within 50-150% for samples spiked at 0.1 ng/g. Method quantification limits (MQLs) of PFAS in pure solvents were determined as the lowest calibration level with an accuracy between 70 and 130%. To compensate for matrix effects, a matrix factor was applied on the basis of the analyte response in different matrices relative to the pure solvent. The MQLs of 45 PFAS (including 13 PFEAs) in 10 matrices ranged from 0.025 to 0.25 ng/g. Overall, this method is capable of sensitively quantifying 45 PFAS in many fruits and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Meng
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Noelle J DeStefano
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Detlef R U Knappe
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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Luo D, Wu W, Pan Y, Du B, Shen M, Zeng L. Response to Comment on "Associations of Prenatal Exposure to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances with the Neonatal Birth Size and Hormones in the Growth Hormone/Insulin-Like Growth Factor Axis": What Is the Origin of PFHxS Found in the Human Body? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:5285-5286. [PMID: 35369693 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Luo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Weixiang Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Yanan Pan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Bibai Du
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Mingjie Shen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Lixi Zeng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
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47
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Wen Y, Rashid F, Fazal Z, Singh R, Spinella MJ, Irudayaraj J. Nephrotoxicity of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS)-effect on transcription and epigenetic factors. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2022; 8:dvac010. [PMID: 35633893 PMCID: PMC9134076 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvac010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a widespread persistent environmental pollutant implicated in nephrotoxicity with altered metabolism, carcinogenesis, and fibrosis potential. We studied the underlying epigenetic mechanism involving transcription factors of PFOS-induced kidney injury. A 14-day orally dosed mouse model was chosen to study acute influences in vivo. Messenger RNA expression analysis and gene set enrichment analysis were performed to elucidate the relationship between epigenetic regulators, transcription factors, kidney disease, and metabolism homeostasis. PFOS was found to accumulate in mouse kidney in a dose-dependent manner. Kidney injury markers Acta2 and Bcl2l1 increased in expression significantly. Transcription factors, including Nef2l2, Hes1, Ppara, and Ppard, were upregulated, while Smarca2 and Pparg were downregulated. Furthermore, global DNA methylation levels decreased and the gene expression of histone demethylases Kdm1a and Kdm4c were upregulated. Our work implicates PFOS-induced gene expression alterations in epigenetics, transcription factors, and kidney biomarkers with potential implications for kidney fibrosis and kidney carcinogenesis. Future experiments can focus on epigenetic mechanisms to establish a panel of PFOS-induced biomarkers for nephrotoxicity evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Faizan Rashid
- Biomedical Research Center, Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, 509 W University Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 S Lincoln Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Zeeshan Fazal
- Biomedical Research Center, Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, 509 W University Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 S Lincoln Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Ratnakar Singh
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 S Lincoln Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Michael J Spinella
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 S Lincoln Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, 405 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Joseph Irudayaraj
- Biomedical Research Center, Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, 509 W University Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1406 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 S Lincoln Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, 405 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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48
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Schildroth S, Rodgers KM, Strynar M, McCord J, Poma G, Covaci A, Dodson RE. Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and persistent chemical mixtures in dust from U.S. colleges. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 206:112530. [PMID: 34902383 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Indoor spaces contain several classes of persistent organic chemicals, including per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). However, concentrations of PFAS and persistent chemical mixtures and their associations with building characteristics on college campuses are understudied. We collected dust from 43 nonresidential spaces on four U.S. college campuses in 2016 and evaluated associations of room characteristics (carpeting, upholstered furniture, and years since last furnished) with dust concentrations of PFAS, PBDEs, PCBs, and OCPs. Nine PFAS, twelve PBDEs, two PCBs, and four OCPs were each detected in at least 75% of the spaces, including several chemicals (e.g., DDT) that have been banned for decades. Concentrations were correlated within and, in some cases, between chemical classes. Wall-to-wall carpeting (compared to rooms without wall-to-wall carpeting) was associated with higher concentrations of six individual PFAS and a mixture of PFAS, and the number of pieces of upholstered furniture was associated with increased concentrations of a mixture of PBDEs. These findings indicate that carpeting and furniture are current sources of PFAS and PBDEs, respectively. Building and finish materials should be carefully selected to avoid exposure to persistent chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Schildroth
- Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany St, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Kathryn M Rodgers
- Silent Spring Institute, 320 Nevada Street, Suite 302, Newton, MA, 02460, USA
| | - Mark Strynar
- US EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling Durham, NC, 27711, USA
| | - James McCord
- US EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling Durham, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Giulia Poma
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Robin E Dodson
- Silent Spring Institute, 320 Nevada Street, Suite 302, Newton, MA, 02460, USA.
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49
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Fan X, Tang S, Wang Y, Fan W, Ben Y, Naidu R, Dong Z. Global Exposure to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Associated Burden of Low Birthweight. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:4282-4294. [PMID: 35293723 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Low birthweight (LBW) is a worldwide public health concern, while the global burden of LBW attributable to endocrine-disrupting chemicals, such as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), has not yet been evaluated. Here, we established a large dataset for the biomonitoring of seven representative congeners of PFAS by examining data from 2325 publications. Global exposure to perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) was the highest, followed by perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). Spatiotemporal exposure to PFAS varied considerably, with daily intake estimated in the range of 0.01-1.7 ng/kg/day. Moreover, decreasing trends in PFOS, PFHxS, and PFOA exposure were noted in most regions of the world over the past two decades, but such trends were not observed for other PFAS with long carbon chains, especially in East Asia. Furthermore, we estimated that human exposure to PFOA contributed to approximately 461,635 (95% confidence interval: 57,418 to 854,645) cases per year of LBW during the past two decades, predominantly from Asian regions. Although our estimation may be constrained by uncertainties from the dose-response curve and data availability, this study has unveiled that PFAS might be a contributor to global LBW prevalence during 2000-2019, supporting continuous actions to mitigate PFAS contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiarui Fan
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Song Tang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wenhong Fan
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yujie Ben
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation (GCER), The University of Newcastle, ATC Building, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- CRC for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), The University of Newcastle, ATC Building, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Zhaomin Dong
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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50
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Li JFT, Li XH, Wan YY, Li YY, Qin ZF. Comparison of Dechlorane Plus Concentrations in Sequential Blood Samples of Pregnant Women in Taizhou, China. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27072242. [PMID: 35408641 PMCID: PMC9000586 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To develop an appropriate sampling strategy to assess the intrauterine exposure to dechlorane plus (DP), we investigated DP levels in sequential maternal blood samples collected in three trimesters of pregnancy, respectively, from women living in Taizhou. The median concentration of DPs (sum of syn-DP and anti-DP) in all samples was 30.5 pg g−1 wet-weight and 5.01 ng g−1 lipid-adjusted weight, respectively. The trimester-related DP concentrations were consistently strongly correlated (p < 0.01), indicating that a single measurement of DP levels could represent intrauterine exposure without sampling from the same female repeatedly; however, the wet-weight levels significantly increased across trimesters (p < 0.05), while the lipid-adjusted levels did not significantly vary. Notably, whether lipid-adjusted weight or wet-weight levels, the variation extent of DP across trimesters was found to be less than 41%, and those for other persistent organic pollutants (POPs) reported in the literature were also limited to 100%. The limitation in variation extents indicated that, regardless of the time of blood collection during pregnancy and how the levels were expressed, a single measurement could be extended to screen for exposure risk if necessary. Our study provides different strategies for sampling the maternal blood to serve the requirement for assessment of in utero exposure to DP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Fang-Tong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China; (J.-F.-T.L.); (Y.-Y.W.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Z.-F.Q.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xing-Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China; (J.-F.-T.L.); (Y.-Y.W.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Z.-F.Q.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-6291-9177; Fax: +86-10-6292-3563
| | - Yao-Yuan Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China; (J.-F.-T.L.); (Y.-Y.W.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Z.-F.Q.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China; (J.-F.-T.L.); (Y.-Y.W.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Z.-F.Q.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhan-Fen Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China; (J.-F.-T.L.); (Y.-Y.W.); (Y.-Y.L.); (Z.-F.Q.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
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