1
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Dutta B, Ahmed F, Mir MH. Coordination polymers: a promising candidate for photo-responsive electronic device application. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:17084-17098. [PMID: 37916313 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02768f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of electrically conductive coordination polymers (CPs) are of special interest due to their applications in the fabrication of many environmentally benign emerging technologies, such as molecular wires, photovoltaic cells, light emitting diodes (LEDs), field effect transistors (FETs) and Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs). Owing to their structural flexibility, easy functionality and adjustable energy levels, CPs are promising candidates for providing a better pathway for superior charge transport. Again, the utilization of visible light as an external stimulus to control and manoeuvre the electrical properties of the CPs is exceptionally motivating for the development of many optoelectronic devices, such as photodetectors, photo-switches, photodiodes and chemiresistive sensors. The applications of such materials in devices will solve questions regarding the energy crisis and environmental concerns. This study provides an overview of the recent advances in the development of photo-responsive CPs and the possibility of their application in developing optoelectronic devices. In this regard, a thorough literature survey was performed and the studies related to the fabrication of photosensitive conducting CPs for applications in optoelectronic devices are listed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basudeb Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Aliah University, New Town, Kolkata 700 160, India.
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida Ushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Faruk Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Aliah University, New Town, Kolkata 700 160, India.
- Department of Chemistry, Saheed Nurul Islam Mahavidyalaya, Tentulia, West Bengal 743286, India
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2
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Griffiths K, Greenfield JL, Halcovitch NR, Fuchter MJ, Griffin JM. Systematic Investigation into the Photoswitching and Thermal Properties of Arylazopyrazole-based MOF Host-Guest Complexes. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2023; 23:7044-7052. [PMID: 37808902 PMCID: PMC10557064 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.2c01384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
A series of arylazopyrazole-loaded metal-organic frameworks were synthesized with the general formula Zn2(BDC)2(DABCO)(AAP)x (BDC = 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate; DABCO = 1,4-diazabicyclo-[2.2.2]octane; AAP = arylazopyrazole guest). The empty framework adopts a large pore tetragonal structure. Upon occlusion of the E-AAP guests, the frameworks contract to form narrow pore tetragonal structures. The extent of framework contraction is dependent on guest shapes and pendant groups and ranges between 1.5 and 5.8%. When irradiated with 365 nm light, the framework expands due to the photoisomerization of E-AAP to Z-AAP. The proportion of Z-isomer at the photostationary state varies between 19 and 57% for the AAP guests studied and appears to be limited by the framework which inhibits further isomerization once fully expanded. Interestingly, confinement within the framework significantly extends the thermal half-life of the Z-AAP isomers to a maximum of approximately 56 years. This finding provides scope for the design of photoresponsive host-guest complexes with high stability of the metastable isomer for long-duration information or energy storage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran Griffiths
- Department
of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, U.K.
| | - Jake L. Greenfield
- Molecular
Sciences Research Hub, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
- Center
for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Institut
für Organische Chemie, Universität, Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | | | - Matthew J. Fuchter
- Molecular
Sciences Research Hub, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - John M. Griffin
- Department
of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, U.K.
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3
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Greussing V, Kremer S, Ober I, Küssner K, Rödl M, Huppertz H, Schwartz HA. Mechanochemical Loading: An Alternative Route to form Spiropyran@MOF Composite Materials. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202200273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Greussing
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry University of Innsbruck Innrain 80–82 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Stephane Kremer
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry University of Innsbruck Innrain 80–82 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Isabell Ober
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry University of Innsbruck Innrain 80–82 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Kira Küssner
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry University of Innsbruck Innrain 80–82 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Markus Rödl
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry University of Innsbruck Innrain 80–82 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Hubert Huppertz
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry University of Innsbruck Innrain 80–82 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Heidi A. Schwartz
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry University of Innsbruck Innrain 80–82 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
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4
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Guo Z, Mao K, Ma G, Li G, Wu Q, Chen J, Bao SS, Yu G, Li S, Zhang J, Wu X. Light-Induced Tunable Ferroelectric Polarization in Dipole-Embedded Metal-Organic Framework. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:10018-10024. [PMID: 36475866 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Reversible regulation of ferroelectric polarization possesses great potentials recently in bionic neural networks. Photoinduced cis-trans isomers have changeable dipole moments, but they cannot be directed to some specific orientation. Here, we construct a host-guest composite structure which consists of a porous ferroelectric metal (Ni)-organic framework [Ni(DPA)2] as host and photoisomer, azobenzene (AZB), as guest molecules. When AZB molecules are embedded in the nanopores of Ni(DPA)2 in the form of a single molecule, polarization strength tunable regulation is realized after ultraviolet irradiation of 365 and 405 nm via cis-trans isomerism transformation of AZB. An intrinsic built-in field originating from the distorted {NiN2O4} octahedra in Ni(DPA)2 directs the dipole moments of AZB to the applied electric field. As a result, the overlapped ferroelectric polarization strength changes with content of cis-AZB after ultraviolet and visible irradiation. Such a connection of ferroelectric Ni(DPA)2 structure with cis-trans isomers provides an important strategy for regulating the ferroelectric polarization strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijing Guo
- National Laboratory of Solid States Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Kaihui Mao
- National Laboratory of Solid States Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Guodong Ma
- National Laboratory of Solid States Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Guoao Li
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Qifan Wu
- National Laboratory of Solid States Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Jian Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid States Microstructures and Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Song Song Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Geliang Yu
- National Laboratory of Solid States Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
| | - Shuhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jinlei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Physics, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, P. R. China
| | - Xinglong Wu
- National Laboratory of Solid States Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China
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5
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Thaggard GC, Haimerl J, Park KC, Lim J, Fischer RA, Maldeni Kankanamalage BKP, Yarbrough BJ, Wilson GR, Shustova NB. Metal-Photoswitch Friendship: From Photochromic Complexes to Functional Materials. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:23249-23263. [PMID: 36512744 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cooperative metal-photoswitch interfaces comprise an application-driven field which is based on strategic coupling of metal cations and organic photochromic molecules to advance the behavior of both components, resulting in dynamic molecular and material properties controlled through external stimuli. In this Perspective, we highlight the ways in which metal-photoswitch interplay can be utilized as a tool to modulate a system's physicochemical properties and performance in a variety of structural motifs, including discrete molecular complexes or cages, as well as periodic structures such as metal-organic frameworks. This Perspective starts with photochromic molecular complexes as the smallest subunit in which metal-photoswitch interactions can occur, and progresses toward functional materials. In particular, we explore the role of the metal-photoswitch relationship for gaining fundamental knowledge of switchable electronic and magnetic properties, as well as in the design of stimuli-responsive sensors, optically gated memory devices, catalysts, and photodynamic therapeutic agents. The abundance of stimuli-responsive systems in the natural world only foreshadows the creative directions that will uncover the full potential of metal-photoswitch interactions in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace C Thaggard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Johanna Haimerl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States.,Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Kyoung Chul Park
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Jaewoong Lim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Roland A Fischer
- Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Buddhima K P Maldeni Kankanamalage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Brandon J Yarbrough
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Gina R Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Natalia B Shustova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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6
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Yamaguchi T, Ogawa M. Photoinduced movement: how photoirradiation induced the movements of matter. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2022; 23:796-844. [PMID: 36465797 PMCID: PMC9718566 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2022.2142955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pioneered by the success on active transport of ions across membranes in 1980 using the regulation of the binding properties of crown ethers with covalently linked photoisomerizable units, extensive studies on the movements by using varied interactions between moving objects and environments have been reported. Photoinduced movements of various objects ranging from molecules, polymers to microscopic particles were discussed from the aspects of the driving for the movements, materials design to achieve the movements and systems design to see and to utilize the movements are summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Yamaguchi
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Makoto Ogawa
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong, Thailand
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7
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Semionova VV, Glebov EM. SUPRAMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS FORMED BY METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS AND ORGANIC PHOTOCHROMES. REVIEW. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476622090086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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8
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Rödl M, Reka A, Panic M, Fischereder A, Oberlechner M, Mairegger T, Kopacka H, Huppertz H, Hofer TS, Schwartz HA. Fundamental Study of the Optical and Vibrational Properties of Fx-AZB@MOF systems as Functions of Dye Substitution and the Loading Amount. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:4295-4309. [PMID: 35344366 PMCID: PMC9009183 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c03482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the switching efficiency of photoactive hybrid systems is an obligatory key prerequisite for systematically improving the design of functional materials. By modulating the degree of fluorination and the amount being embedded into porous hosts, the E/Z ratios of fluorinated azobenzenes were adjusted as both functions of substitution and the degree of loading. Octafluoroazobenzene (F8-AZB) and perfluoroazobenzene (F10-AZB) were inserted into porous DMOF-1. Especially for perfluoroazobenzene (F10-AZB), an immense stabilization of the E isomer was observed. In complementary molecular dynamics simulations performed at the DFTB (density functional tight binding) level, an in-depth characterization of the interactions of the different photoisomers and the host structure was carried out. On the basis of the resulting structural and energetic data, the experimentally observed increase in the amount of the Z conformer for F8-AZB can be explained, while the stabilization of E-F10-AZB can be directly related to a fundamentally different interaction motif compared to its tetra- and octafluorinated counterparts.
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9
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Drake HF, Xiao Z, Day GS, Vali SW, Daemen LL, Cheng Y, Cai P, Kuszynski JE, Lin H, Zhou HC, Ryder MR. Influence of Metal Identity on Light-Induced Switchable Adsorption in Azobenzene-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:11192-11199. [PMID: 35192321 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Energy-efficient capture and release of small gas molecules, particularly carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), are of significant interest in academia and industry. Porous materials such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been extensively studied, as their ultrahigh porosities and tunability enable significant amounts of gas to be adsorbed while also allowing specific applications to be targeted. However, because of the microporous nature of MOFs, the gas adsorption performance is dominated by high uptake capacity at low pressures, limiting their application. Hence, methods involving stimuli-responsive materials, particularly light-induced switchable adsorption (LISA), offer a unique alternative to thermal methods. Here, we report the mechanism of a well-known LISA system, the azobenzene-based material PCN-250, for CO2 and CH4 adsorption. There is a noticeable difference in the LISA effect dependent on the metal cluster involved, with the most significant being PCN-250-Al, where the adsorption can change by 83.1% CH4 and 56.1% CO2 at 298 K and 1 bar and inducing volumetric storage changes of 36.2 and 33.9 cm3/cm3 at 298 K between 5 and 85 bar (CH4) and 2 and 9 bar (CO2), respectively. Using UV light in both single-crystal X-ray diffraction and gas adsorption testing, we show that upon photoirradiation, the framework undergoes a "localized heating" phenomenon comparable to an increase of 130 K for PCN-250-Fe and improves the working capacity. This process functions because of the constrained nature of the ligand, preventing the typical trans-to-cis isomerization observed in free azobenzene. In addition, we observed that the degree of localized heating is highly dependent on the metal cluster involved, with the series of isostructural PCN-250 systems showing variable performance based upon the degree of interaction between the ligand and the metal center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah F Drake
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Zhifeng Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Gregory S Day
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Shaik Waseem Vali
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Luke L Daemen
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Yongqiang Cheng
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Peiyu Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Jason E Kuszynski
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Hengyu Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Hong-Cai Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department of Materials Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Matthew R Ryder
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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10
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Orlioglo BM, Kovalenko KA, Glebov EM. INCLUSION COMPOUNDS OF ORGANIC AZOCHROMOPHORES IN THE CAVITIES OF METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS (Cr, Al)– MIL-101: SYNTHESIS AND PHOTOCHEMICAL STUDIES. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476622010152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Light-induced switchable adsorption in azobenzene- and stilbene-based porous materials. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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12
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Griffiths K, Halcovitch NR, Griffin JM. Efficient solid-state photoswitching of methoxyazobenzene in a metal–organic framework for thermal energy storage. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3014-3019. [PMID: 35382460 PMCID: PMC8905824 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00632d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient photoswitching in the solid-state remains rare, yet is highly desirable for the design of functional solid materials. In particular, for molecular solar thermal energy storage materials high conversion to the metastable isomer is crucial to achieve high energy density. Herein, we report that 4-methoxyazobenzene (MOAB) can be occluded into the pores of a metal–organic framework Zn2(BDC)2(DABCO), where BDC = 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate and DABCO = 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane. The occluded MOAB guest molecules show near-quantitative E → Z photoisomerization under irradiation with 365 nm light. The energy stored within the metastable Z-MOAB molecules can be retrieved as heat during thermally-driven relaxation to the ground-state E-isomer. The energy density of the composite is 101 J g−1 and the half-life of the Z-isomer is 6 days when stored in the dark at ambient temperature. 4-Methoxyazobenzene can be occluded into the pores of a MOF and show near-quantitative E → Z photoisomerization under irradiation with 365 nm light. The energy density of the composite is 101 J g−1 and the half-life of the Z-isomer is 6 days.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran Griffiths
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA14YB, UK
| | | | - John M. Griffin
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA14YB, UK
- Materials Science Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA14YB, UK
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13
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Hatcher LE, Coulson BA. Exploring the influence of polymorphism and chromophore co-ligands on linkage isomer photoswitching in [Pd(bpy4dca)(NO 2) 2]. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00213b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The polymorphic Pd(II)-nitrite complex [Pd(bpy4dca)(NO2)2] (1) (bpy4dca = 2,2’-bipyridine-4,4’-dicarboxylic acid methyl ester) is shown to undergo photoinduced nitro → nitrito linkage isomer switching in two crystal forms, to varying excited...
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14
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Xie K, Ruan Z, Lyu B, Chen X, Zhang X, Huang G, Chen Y, Ni Z, Tong M. Guest‐Driven Light‐Induced Spin Change in an Azobenzene Loaded Metal–Organic Framework. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai‐Ping Xie
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Ze‐Yu Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Bang‐Heng Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Xiao‐Xian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Xue‐Wen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Guo‐Zhang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Yan‐Cong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Zhao‐Ping Ni
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Ming‐Liang Tong
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
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15
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Xie KP, Ruan ZY, Lyu BH, Chen XX, Zhang XW, Huang GZ, Chen YC, Ni ZP, Tong ML. Guest-Driven Light-Induced Spin Change in an Azobenzene Loaded Metal-Organic Framework. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:27144-27150. [PMID: 34676638 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive materials that can be reversibly switched by light are of immense interest. Among them, photo-responsive spin crossover (SCO) complexes have great promises to combine the photoactive inputs with multifaceted outputs into switchable materials and devices. However, the reversible control the spin-state change by photochromic guests is still challenging. Herein, we report an unprecedented guest-driven light-induced spin change (GD-LISC) in a Hofmann-type metal-organic framework (MOF), [Fe(bpn){Ag(CN)2 }2 ]⋅azobenzene. (1, bpn=1,4-bis(4-pyridyl)naphthalene). The reversible trans-cis photoisomerization of azobenzene guest upon UV/Vis irradiation in the solid-state results in the remarkable magnetic changes in a wide temperature range of 10-180 K. This finding not only establishes a new switching mechanism for SCO complexes, but also paves the way toward the development of new generation of photo-responsive magnetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Ping Xie
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Ze-Yu Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Bang-Heng Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Xian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Wen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Zhang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Cong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Zhao-Ping Ni
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Liang Tong
- Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
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16
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Kremer S, Ober I, Greussing V, Kopacka H, Gallmetzer HG, Trübenbacher B, Demmel D, Olthof S, Huppertz H, Schwartz HA. Modulating the Optical Characteristics of Spiropyran@Metal-Organic Framework Composites as a Function of Spiropyran Substitution. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:7834-7842. [PMID: 34143632 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the interactions between the single components of hybrid systems is essential to drive the development of advanced functional materials. A prerequisite for this is the systematic variation of the building blocks of such compounds. Focusing on spiropyran@metal-organic framework (MOF) composite materials with noncovalently attached spiropyran dyes, both the host scaffold and the dye molecules can be systematically tuned. In this work, a broad substitution pattern was applied to systematically elucidate the characteristics of the resulting hybrid materials as a function of the supplemental substitution on spiropyran. The newly developed 12 composites exhibit substitution and host-dependent optical characteristics, which are particularly affected by the substitution of the 6'-position on the chromene ring. Through the favorable combination of the MOF host's polarity and an adequate strength of the spiropyran's indolinedonor-chromeneacceptor pair, reversible conversion between photoisomers is efficiently accomplished, especially for nitro-substituted spiropyrans inside MIL-68(In).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Kremer
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Isabell Ober
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Victoria Greussing
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Holger Kopacka
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Hans G Gallmetzer
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Benedikt Trübenbacher
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - David Demmel
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Selina Olthof
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4-6, D-50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Hubert Huppertz
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Heidi A Schwartz
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
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17
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Leith GA, Martin CR, Mayers JM, Kittikhunnatham P, Larsen RW, Shustova NB. Confinement-guided photophysics in MOFs, COFs, and cages. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:4382-4410. [PMID: 33594994 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01519a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this review, the dependence of the photophysical response of chromophores in the confined environments associated with crystalline scaffolds, such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent-organic frameworks (COFs), and molecular cages, has been carefully evaluated. Tunability of the framework aperture, cavity microenvironment, and scaffold topology significantly affects emission profiles, quantum yields, or fluorescence lifetimes of confined chromophores. In addition to the role of the host and its effect on the guest, the methods for integration of a chromophore (e.g., as a framework backbone, capping linker, ligand side group, or guest) are discussed. The overall potential of chromophore-integrated frameworks for a wide-range of applications, including artificial biomimetic systems, white-light emitting diodes, photoresponsive devices, and fluorescent sensors with unparalleled spatial resolution are highlighted throughout the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle A Leith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29210, USA.
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18
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Rödl M, Kerschbaumer S, Kopacka H, Blaser L, Purtscher FRS, Huppertz H, Hofer TS, Schwartz HA. Structural, dynamical, and photochemical properties of ortho-tetrafluoroazobenzene inside a flexible MOF under visible light irradiation. RSC Adv 2021; 11:3917-3930. [PMID: 35424349 PMCID: PMC8694203 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10500g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering porous materials as host matrices is an elegant way to enable photoswitching of non-covalently attached organic dyes even in the solid state. By focusing on the resulting optical properties as a function of loading degree and synthesis procedure, the occurring host-guest and guest-guest interactions can be determined and further exploited. In the course of this study, the photochromic behavior of ortho-tetrafluoroazobenzene (tF-AZB) inside flexible DMOF-1 was investigated from these points of view. It was found that depending on the loading degree and temperature, tF-AZB shows varying E/Z ratios and switching efficiency. For systems with low loading, reversible visible light induced isomerization was observed over ten switching cycles: Upon violet light exposure, formation of 100% E isomer was generated, while green light irradiation resulted in ∼60% Z-tF-AZB. Complementary molecular dynamics simulations at DFTB (density functional tight binding)-level revealed changing binding sites for Z-tF-AZB inside DMOF-1. For the E isomer, only low oscillations have been found, which in turn display a rare T-stacking interaction. Although the interaction strengths of the E and Z isomers with DMOF-1 are in the same range, the different mobility of both isomers due to varying binding sites explains the preference of the E isomer even upon green light exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Rödl
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck Innrain 80-82 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Samuel Kerschbaumer
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck Innrain 80-82 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Holger Kopacka
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck Innrain 80-82 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Laura Blaser
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck Innrain 80-82 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Felix R S Purtscher
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck Innrain 80-82 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Hubert Huppertz
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck Innrain 80-82 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Thomas S Hofer
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck Innrain 80-82 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Heidi A Schwartz
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck Innrain 80-82 A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
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19
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Haldar R, Heinke L, Wöll C. Advanced Photoresponsive Materials Using the Metal-Organic Framework Approach. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1905227. [PMID: 31763731 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
When fabricating macroscopic devices exploiting the properties of organic chromophores, the corresponding molecules need to be condensed into a solid material. Since optical absorption properties are often strongly affected by interchromophore interactions, solids with a well-defined structure carry substantial advantages over amorphous materials. Here, the metal-organic framework (MOF)-based approach is presented. By appropriate functionalization, most organic chromophores can be converted to function as linkers, which can coordinate to metal or metal-oxo centers so as to yield stable, crystalline frameworks. Photoexcitations in such chromophore-based MOFs are surveyed, with a special emphasis on light-switchable MOFs from photochromic molecules. The conventional powder form of MOFs obtained using solvothermal approaches carries certain disadvantages for optical applications, such as limited efficiency resulting from absorption and light scattering caused by the (micrometer-sized) powder particles. How these problems can be avoided by using MOF thin films is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh Haldar
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut für Funktionelle Grenzflächen (IFG), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Lars Heinke
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut für Funktionelle Grenzflächen (IFG), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christof Wöll
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut für Funktionelle Grenzflächen (IFG), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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20
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Goulet-Hanssens A, Eisenreich F, Hecht S. Enlightening Materials with Photoswitches. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1905966. [PMID: 31975456 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Incorporating molecular photoswitches into various materials provides unique opportunities for controlling their properties and functions with high spatiotemporal resolution using remote optical stimuli. The great and largely still untapped potential of these photoresponsive systems has not yet been fully exploited due to the fundamental challenges in harnessing geometrical and electronic changes on the molecular level to modulate macroscopic and bulk material properties. Herein, progress made during the past decade in the field of photoswitchable materials is highlighted. After pointing to some general design principles, materials with an increasing order of the integrated photoswitchable units are discussed, spanning the range from amorphous settings over surfaces/interfaces and supramolecular ensembles, to liquid crystalline and crystalline phases. Finally, some potential future directions are pointed out in the conclusion. In view of the exciting recent achievements in the field, the future emergence and further development of light-driven and optically programmable (inter)active materials and systems are eagerly anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Goulet-Hanssens
- Department of Chemistry & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Eisenreich
- Department of Chemistry & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Hecht
- Department of Chemistry & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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21
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He J, Aggarwal K, Katyal N, He S, Chiang E, Dunning SG, Reynolds JE, Steiner A, Henkelman G, Que EL, Humphrey SM. Reversible Solid-State Isomerism of Azobenzene-Loaded Large-Pore Isoreticular Mg-CUK-1. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:6467-6471. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b13793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Kanchan Aggarwal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Naman Katyal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Shichao He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Edward Chiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Samuel G. Dunning
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Joseph E. Reynolds
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Alexander Steiner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, U.K
| | - Graeme Henkelman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Emily L. Que
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Simon M. Humphrey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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22
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Fan WW, Cheng Y, Zheng LY, Cao QE. Reversible Phase Transition of Porous Coordination Polymers. Chemistry 2020; 26:2766-2779. [PMID: 31697441 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Porous coordination polymers or metal-organic frameworks with reversible phase-transition behavior possess some attractive properties, and can respond to external stimuli, including physical and chemical stimuli, in a dynamic fashion. Their phase transitions can be triggered by adsorption/desorption of guest molecules, temperature changes, high pressure, light irradiation, and electric fields; these mainly include two types of transitions: crystal-amorphous and crystal-crystal transitions. These types of porous coordination polymers have received much attention because of their interesting properties and potential applications. Herein, reversible phase transition porous coordination polymers are summarized and classified based on different stimuli sources. Corresponding typical examples are then introduced. Finally, examples of their applications in gas separation, chemical sensors, guest molecule encapsulation, and energy storage are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wen Fan
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, (Yunnan University), Ministry of Education, Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation, Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, No. 2 North Cuihu Road, Kunming, 650091, P.R. China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, (Yunnan University), Ministry of Education, Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation, Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, No. 2 North Cuihu Road, Kunming, 650091, P.R. China
| | - Li-Yan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, (Yunnan University), Ministry of Education, Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation, Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, No. 2 North Cuihu Road, Kunming, 650091, P.R. China
| | - Qiu-E Cao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, (Yunnan University), Ministry of Education, Functional Molecules Analysis and Biotransformation, Key Laboratory of Universities in Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, No. 2 North Cuihu Road, Kunming, 650091, P.R. China
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23
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Schwartz HA, Werker M, Tobeck C, Christoffels R, Schaniel D, Olthof S, Meerholz K, Kopacka H, Huppertz H, Ruschewitz U. Novel Photoactive Spirooxazine Based Switch@MOF Composite Materials. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201900193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi A. Schwartz
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Cologne Greinstraße 6 50939 Cologne Germany
- Institute of General, Inorganic, and Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of Innsbruck Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine Innrain 80–82 6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Melanie Werker
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Cologne Greinstraße 6 50939 Cologne Germany
| | - Christian Tobeck
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Cologne Greinstraße 6 50939 Cologne Germany
| | - Ronja Christoffels
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Cologne Greinstraße 6 50939 Cologne Germany
| | - Dominik Schaniel
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, CRM2 Boulevard des Aiguillettes, BP 70239 54506 Vandoeuvre les Nancy France
| | - Selina Olthof
- Institute of Physical ChemistryUniversity of Cologne Greinstraße 4–6 50939 Cologne Germany
| | - Klaus Meerholz
- Institute of Physical ChemistryUniversity of Cologne Greinstraße 4–6 50939 Cologne Germany
| | - Holger Kopacka
- Institute of General, Inorganic, and Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of Innsbruck Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine Innrain 80–82 6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Hubert Huppertz
- Institute of General, Inorganic, and Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of Innsbruck Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine Innrain 80–82 6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Uwe Ruschewitz
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Cologne Greinstraße 6 50939 Cologne Germany
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24
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Schwartz HA, Laurenzen H, Kerschbaumer S, Werker M, Olthof S, Kopacka H, Huppertz H, Meerholz K, Ruschewitz U. High fatigue resistance of a photochromic dithienylethene embedded into the pores of a metal–organic framework (MOF). Photochem Photobiol Sci 2020; 19:1730-1740. [DOI: 10.1039/d0pp00002g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of photochromic dyes into porous metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is an attractive way to transfer the photochromic properties of the dye to a solid crystalline material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi A. Schwartz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- University of Cologne
- D-50939 Cologne
- Germany
- Institute of General, Inorganic, and Theoretical Chemistry
| | - Hannah Laurenzen
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- University of Cologne
- D-50939 Cologne
- Germany
| | - Samuel Kerschbaumer
- Institute of General, Inorganic, and Theoretical Chemistry
- University of Innsbruck
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine
- A-6020 Innsbruck
- Austria
| | - Melanie Werker
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- University of Cologne
- D-50939 Cologne
- Germany
| | - Selina Olthof
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- University of Cologne
- D-50939 Cologne
- Germany
| | - Holger Kopacka
- Institute of General, Inorganic, and Theoretical Chemistry
- University of Innsbruck
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine
- A-6020 Innsbruck
- Austria
| | - Hubert Huppertz
- Institute of General, Inorganic, and Theoretical Chemistry
- University of Innsbruck
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine
- A-6020 Innsbruck
- Austria
| | - Klaus Meerholz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
- University of Cologne
- D-50939 Cologne
- Germany
| | - Uwe Ruschewitz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- University of Cologne
- D-50939 Cologne
- Germany
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25
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Schwartz HA, Schaniel D, Ruschewitz U. Tracking the light-induced isomerization processes and the photostability of spiropyrans embedded in the pores of crystalline nanoporous MOFs via IR spectroscopy. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2020; 19:1433-1441. [DOI: 10.1039/d0pp00267d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Difference IR spectroscopy of spiropyran@MOF systems to obtain the characteristic signatures of the spiropyran and merocyanine form at ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi A. Schwartz
- Institute of General
- Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry
- University of Innsbruck
- A-6020 Innsbruck
- Austria
| | | | - Uwe Ruschewitz
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cologne
- D-50939 Cologne
- Germany
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26
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Functionalized Dynamic Metal-Organic Frameworks as Smart Switches for Sensing and Adsorption Applications. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2019; 378:5. [PMID: 31823121 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-019-0271-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with flexible structures or dynamic behavior have shown great potential as functional materials in many fields. This paper presents a review of these dynamic and functional MOFs, which can undergo controllable and reversible transformation, with regard to their application as smart switches. Trigger conditions, which include physical/chemical stimuli (e.g., guest molecules, light, temperature, pressure), are also discussed. Research methods for investigating the dynamic processes and mechanisms involving experimental characterization and computational modeling are briefly mentioned as well. The emphasis is on the aspects of the design and functionalization of dynamic MOFs. The pre-design of metal nodes, organic linkers, and topology, as well as post-modification of components, increases the possibility of obtaining functionalized dynamic materials. Recent advances with regard to potential applications for dynamic frameworks as smart switches for adsorption and sensing are also reviewed.
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27
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Zhang Z, Müller K, Heidrich S, Koenig M, Hashem T, Schlöder T, Bléger D, Wenzel W, Heinke L. Light-Switchable One-Dimensional Photonic Crystals Based on MOFs with Photomodulatable Refractive Index. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:6626-6633. [PMID: 31596091 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Photonic crystals are solids with regular structures having periodicities comparable to the wavelength of light. Here, we showcase the photomodulation of the refractive index of a crystalline material and present a quasi-one-dimensional photonic crystal with remote-controllable optical properties. The photonic material is composed of layers of TiO2 and films of a nanoporous metal-organic framework (MOF) with azobenzene side groups. While the rigid MOF lattice is unaffected, the optical density is reversibly modified by the light-induced trans-cis-azobenzene isomerization. Spectroscopic ellipsometry and precise DFT calculations show the optical-density change results from the different orbital localizations of the azobenzene isomers and their tremendously different oscillator strengths. The photomodulation of the MOF refractive index controls the optical properties of the quasi-one-dimensional photonic crystal with Bragg reflexes reversibly shifted by more than 4 nm. This study may path the way to photoswitchable photonic materials applied in advanced, tunable optical components and lens coatings and in light-based information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - David Bléger
- Department of Chemistry and IRIS Adlershof , Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , 12489 Berlin , Germany
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28
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29
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Rice AM, Martin CR, Galitskiy VA, Berseneva AA, Leith GA, Shustova NB. Photophysics Modulation in Photoswitchable Metal-Organic Frameworks. Chem Rev 2019; 120:8790-8813. [PMID: 31638383 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this Review, we showcase the upsurge in the development and fundamental photophysical studies of more than 100 metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as versatile stimuli-responsive platforms. The goal is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the field of photoresponsive MOFs while delving into the underlying photophysical properties of various classes of photochromic molecules including diarylethene, azobenzene, and spiropyran as well as naphthalenediimide and viologen derivatives integrated inside a MOF matrix as part of a framework backbone, as a ligand side group, or as a guest. In particular, the geometrical constraints, photoisomerization rates, and electronic structures of photochromic molecules integrated inside a rigid MOF scaffold are discussed. Thus, this Review reflects on the challenges and opportunities of using photoswitchable MOFs in next-generation multifunctional stimuli-responsive materials while highlighting their use in optoelectronics, erasable inks, or as the next generation of sensing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Rice
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Corey R Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Vladimir A Galitskiy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Anna A Berseneva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Gabrielle A Leith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Natalia B Shustova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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30
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Otolski CJ, Mohan Raj A, Sharma G, Prabhakar R, Ramamurthy V, Elles CG. Ultrafast trans → cis Photoisomerization Dynamics of Alkyl-Substituted Stilbenes in a Supramolecular Capsule. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:5061-5071. [PMID: 31140802 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b03285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ultrafast spectroscopy reveals the effects of confinement on the excited-state photoisomerization dynamics for a series of alkyl-substituted trans-stilbenes encapsulated in the hydrophobic cavity of an aqueous supramolecular organic host-guest complex. Compared with the solvated compounds, encapsulated trans-stilbenes have broader excited-state absorption spectra, excited-state lifetimes that are 3-4 times longer, and photoisomerization quantum yields that are 1.7-6.5 times lower in the restricted environment. The organic capsule disrupts the equilibrium structure and restricts torsional rotation around the central C═C double bond in the excited state, which is an important motion for the relaxation of trans-stilbene from S1 to S0. The location and identity of alkyl substituents play a significant role in determining the excited-state dynamics and photoisomerization quantum yields by tuning the relative crowding inside the capsule. The results are discussed in terms of distortions of the ground- and excited-state potential energy surfaces, including the topology of the S1-S0 conical intersection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Otolski
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kansas , Lawrence , Kansas 66045 , United States
| | - A Mohan Raj
- Department of Chemistry , University of Miami , Coral Gables , Florida 33146 , United States
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Department of Chemistry , University of Miami , Coral Gables , Florida 33146 , United States
| | - Rajeev Prabhakar
- Department of Chemistry , University of Miami , Coral Gables , Florida 33146 , United States
| | | | - Christopher G Elles
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kansas , Lawrence , Kansas 66045 , United States
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31
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Abstract
Much has been written about the fundamental aspects of the metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). Still, details concerning the MOFs with structural flexibility are not comprehensively understood. However, a dramatic increase in research activities concerning rigid MOFs over the years has brought deeper levels of understanding for their properties and applications. Nonetheless, robustness and flexibility of such smart frameworks are intriguing for different research areas such as catalysis, adsorption, etc. This manuscript overviews the different aspects of framework flexibility. The review has touched lightly on several ideas and proposals, which have been demonstrated within the selected examples to provide a logical basis to obtain a fundamental understanding of their synthesis and behavior to external stimuli.
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Heinke L, Wöll C. Surface-Mounted Metal-Organic Frameworks: Crystalline and Porous Molecular Assemblies for Fundamental Insights and Advanced Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1806324. [PMID: 30701602 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are crystalline coordination polymers, assembled from inorganic nodes connected by organic linker molecules. An enormous surface area, huge compositional variety, regular structure, and favorable mechanical properties are among their outstanding properties. Monolithic MOF thin films, i.e., surface-mounted metal-organic frameworks (SURMOFs), with high degree of structural order and adjustable defect density, can be prepared on solid substrates using layer-by-layer techniques. Recent studies where SURMOFs served as model systems for quantitative studies of molecular interactions in porous media, including diffusion, are reviewed. Moreover, SURMOFs are ideally suited for the incorporation of photoactive molecules as well as to study electrical transport through crystalline molecular assemblies. Recent work has demonstrated that the realization of crystalline chromophore assemblies via the SURMOF approach allows the study of fundamental aspects of exciton transport, exciton channeling, and photon upconversion at internal interfaces in organic semiconductor materials. Due to their crystalline nature, MOF materials are well suited for quantitative comparisons with theoretical results; especially, since defect densities and types can be characterized and varied in a straightforward fashion. The active role of these nanoporous films in advanced applications, like for remote-controlled release of molecules, membranes with photoswitchable selectivity, and ion-conductors with adjustable conductivity, are also emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Heinke
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut für Funktionelle Grenzflächen (IFG), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christof Wöll
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut für Funktionelle Grenzflächen (IFG), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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Agarkar H, Das D. The photo-switching study of guest 2-(phenylazo)pyridine (PAP) embedded in solid host material MOF-5. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Hermann D, Schwartz HA, Werker M, Schaniel D, Ruschewitz U. Metal‐Organic Frameworks as Hosts for Fluorinated Azobenzenes: A Path towards Quantitative Photoswitching with Visible Light. Chemistry 2019; 25:3606-3616. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Hermann
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Cologne Greinstraße 6 50939 Köln Germany
| | - Heidi A. Schwartz
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Cologne Greinstraße 6 50939 Köln Germany
| | - Melanie Werker
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Cologne Greinstraße 6 50939 Köln Germany
| | | | - Uwe Ruschewitz
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Cologne Greinstraße 6 50939 Köln Germany
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Kanj AB, Bürck J, Grosjean S, Bräse S, Heinke L. Switching the enantioselectivity of nanoporous host materials by light. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:8776-8779. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc02849h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A chiral photoswitchable nanoporous material with remote-controllable enantioselective adsorption capacity is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anemar Bruno Kanj
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG)
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Jochen Bürck
- KIT
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2)
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Sylvain Grosjean
- KIT
- Institute of Biological Interfaces 3 – Soft Matter Lab (IBG-3)
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- KIT
- Institute of Biological Interfaces 3 – Soft Matter Lab (IBG-3)
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
- KIT
| | - Lars Heinke
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG)
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
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36
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Das D, Agarkar H. Unexpected Nonresponsive Behavior of a Flexible Metal-Organic Framework under Conformational Changes of a Photoresponsive Guest Molecule. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:7630-7638. [PMID: 31458913 PMCID: PMC6644571 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we describe the synthesis, characterization, and optical properties of a photochromic-guest-incorporated metal-organic framework (MOF). The photochromic guest molecule, 2-phenylazopyridine (PAP), was introduced into a pre-synthesized porous crystalline host MOF, [Zn2(1,4-bdc)2(dabco)] n (1). The successful embedment of PAP has been confirmed by elemental analysis, powder X-ray diffraction measurements, IR spectroscopy, etc. The number of PAP molecules per unit cell of host was 1.0, as evidenced by elemental and thermogravimetric analyses of the host-guest composite, 1⊃PAP. The 1⊃PAP composite did not adsorb N2, revealed by the adsorption isotherm of 1⊃PAP, which indicates the pore blockage by the close contact of the host framework with the guest PAP in the trans form. The light-induced trans/cis isomerization with partial reversibility of the guest molecule (PAP) in this hybrid host-guest compound (1⊃PAP) has been investigated by detailed IR spectroscopy and UV-vis spectroscopy. The structural transformation from tetragonal in 1 to orthorhombic in 1⊃PAP exhibits dynamic nature of the framework upon inclusion of guest in the framework, which remarkably becomes nonresponsive with the photoirradiation of guest PAP, retaining its orthorhombic structure in the photoirradiated complex, 1⊃PAP(UV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanwita Das
- E-mail: . Phone: (022)33612616. Fax: (91)022-3361-1020
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Wang L, Li Q. Photochromism into nanosystems: towards lighting up the future nanoworld. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:1044-1097. [PMID: 29251304 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00630f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ability to manipulate the structure and function of promising nanosystems via energy input and external stimuli is emerging as an attractive paradigm for developing reconfigurable and programmable nanomaterials and multifunctional devices. Light stimulus manifestly represents a preferred external physical and chemical tool for in situ remote command of the functional attributes of nanomaterials and nanosystems due to its unique advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and digital controllability. Photochromic moieties are known to undergo reversible photochemical transformations between different states with distinct properties, which have been extensively introduced into various functional nanosystems such as nanomachines, nanoparticles, nanoelectronics, supramolecular nanoassemblies, and biological nanosystems. The integration of photochromism into these nanosystems has endowed the resultant nanostructures or advanced materials with intriguing photoresponsive behaviors and more sophisticated functions. In this Review, we provide an account of the recent advancements in reversible photocontrol of the structures and functions of photochromic nanosystems and their applications. The important design concepts of such truly advanced materials are discussed, their fabrication methods are emphasized, and their applications are highlighted. The Review is concluded by briefly outlining the challenges that need to be addressed and the opportunities that can be tapped into. We hope that the review of the flourishing and vibrant topic with myriad possibilities would shine light on exploring the future nanoworld by encouraging and opening the windows to meaningful multidisciplinary cooperation of engineers from different backgrounds and scientists from the fields such as chemistry, physics, engineering, biology, nanotechnology and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA.
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Schwartz HA, Ruschewitz U, Heinke L. Smart nanoporous metal–organic frameworks by embedding photochromic molecules – state of the art and future perspectives. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:864-873. [DOI: 10.1039/c7pp00456g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The opportunities, properties and perspectives of smart photochromic materials, which are obtained by embedment of stimuli-responsive molecules in nanoporous MOFs (metal–organic frameworks), both in bulk and in thin films, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. A. Schwartz
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cologne
- D-50939 Cologne
- Germany
| | - U. Ruschewitz
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cologne
- D-50939 Cologne
- Germany
| | - L. Heinke
- Institute for Functional Interfaces (IFG)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
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40
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Hermann D, Schwartz HA, Ruschewitz U. Crystal Structures of Z
and E ortho
-Tetrafluoroazobenzene. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Hermann
- Department für Chemie; Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität zu Köln; Greinstraße 6 D-50939 Köln Germany
| | - Heidi A. Schwartz
- Department für Chemie; Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität zu Köln; Greinstraße 6 D-50939 Köln Germany
| | - Uwe Ruschewitz
- Department für Chemie; Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Universität zu Köln; Greinstraße 6 D-50939 Köln Germany
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Schwartz HA, Olthof S, Schaniel D, Meerholz K, Ruschewitz U. Solution-Like Behavior of Photoswitchable Spiropyrans Embedded in Metal–Organic Frameworks. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:13100-13110. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi A. Schwartz
- University of Cologne, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Greinstraße 6, D-50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Selina Olthof
- University of Cologne, Institute of Physical
Chemistry, Luxemburger
Straße 116, D-50939 Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Klaus Meerholz
- University of Cologne, Institute of Physical
Chemistry, Luxemburger
Straße 116, D-50939 Cologne, Germany
| | - Uwe Ruschewitz
- University of Cologne, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Greinstraße 6, D-50939 Cologne, Germany
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Kanj AB, Müller K, Heinke L. Stimuli‐Responsive Metal‐Organic Frameworks with Photoswitchable Azobenzene Side Groups. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 39. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anemar Bruno Kanj
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG) Hermann‐von‐Helmholtz‐Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein‐Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Kai Müller
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG) Hermann‐von‐Helmholtz‐Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein‐Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Lars Heinke
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG) Hermann‐von‐Helmholtz‐Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein‐Leopoldshafen Germany
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44
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Aguirre-Díaz LM, Reinares-Fisac D, Iglesias M, Gutiérrez-Puebla E, Gándara F, Snejko N, Monge MÁ. Group 13th metal-organic frameworks and their role in heterogeneous catalysis. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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45
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Semionova VV, Korolev VV, Glebov EM, Shirinyan VZ, Sapchenko SA. Photochromic properties of polycrystals: 2,3-diarylcyclopentenone and its adduct with a metal-organic coordination polymer. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476616060238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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46
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Caddy JS, Faust TB, Walton IM, Cox JM, Benedict JB, Solomon MB, Southon PD, Kepert CJ, D'Alessandro DM. Photoactive and Physical Properties of an Azobenzene-Containing Coordination Framework. Aust J Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1071/ch17215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A new three-dimensional coordination framework, [Zn4(tbazip)3(bpe)2(OH)2]·bpe·{solvent} (where bpe = 1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethene) containing the novel photoactive ligand tbazip (tbazip = 5-((4-tert-butyl)phenylazo)isophthalic acid) has been synthesised and crystallographically characterised. The photoactivity of discrete tbazip was investigated and compared with its photoactivity while incorporated within the framework. The effect of isomerisation of the incorporated azobenzene on the chemical and physical properties of the framework were investigated using UV-vis and Raman spectroscopies. The framework is porous only to hydrogen gas at 77 K, but displayed an appreciable uptake for CO2 at 195 K.
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Müller K, Wadhwa J, Singh Malhi J, Schöttner L, Welle A, Schwartz H, Hermann D, Ruschewitz U, Heinke L. Photoswitchable nanoporous films by loading azobenzene in metal–organic frameworks of type HKUST-1. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:8070-8073. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc00961e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Photoswitchable metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), realized by loading with azobenzene molecules, enable the dynamic remote control of their key properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Müller
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Jasmine Wadhwa
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Jasleen Singh Malhi
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Ludger Schöttner
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Alexander Welle
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
- Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility
| | - Heidi Schwartz
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cologne
- 50939 Köln
- Germany
| | - Daniela Hermann
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cologne
- 50939 Köln
- Germany
| | - Uwe Ruschewitz
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Cologne
- 50939 Köln
- Germany
| | - Lars Heinke
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
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48
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Tunable molecular separation by nanoporous membranes. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13872. [PMID: 27996002 PMCID: PMC5187437 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks offer tremendous potential for efficient separation of molecular mixtures. Different pore sizes and suitable functionalizations of the framework allow for an adjustment of the static selectivity. Here we report membranes which offer dynamic control of the selectivity by remote signals, thus enabling a continuous adjustment of the permeate flux. This is realized by assembling linkers containing photoresponsive azobenzene-side-groups into monolithic, crystalline membranes of metal-organic frameworks. The azobenzene moieties can be switched from the trans to the cis configuration and vice versa by irradiation with ultraviolet or visible light, resulting in a substantial modification of the membrane permeability and separation factor. The precise control of the cis:trans azobenzene ratio, for example, by controlled irradiation times or by simultaneous irradiation with ultraviolet and visible light, enables the continuous tuning of the separation. For hydrogen:carbon-dioxide, the separation factor of this smart membrane can be steplessly adjusted between 3 and 8. The tunable pore size and functionalization of metal-organic frameworks offers great potential for efficient and selective separation of molecular mixtures. Here, the authors report a metal-organic membrane containing photoresponsive linkers which offers a dynamic control of selectivity by remote signals
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Koo BK. Synthesis and Crystal Structures of Zn(II)- and Mn(II)- Diphenyldicarboxylate Complexes with N-Donor Ligand. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY-DAEHAN HWAHAK HOE JEE 2016. [DOI: 10.5012/jkcs.2016.60.5.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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50
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Dar AA, Bhat GA, Murugavel R. Dimensionality Alteration and Intra- versus Inter-SBU Void Encapsulation in Zinc Phosphate Frameworks. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:5180-90. [PMID: 27159770 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
4,4'-Bipyridine-N-oxide (BIPYMO, 1), a less commonly employed coordination polymer linker, has been used as a ditopic spacer to bridge double-four-ring (D4R) zinc phosphate clusters to form novel framework coordination polymers. Zinc phosphate framework compounds [Zn4(X-dipp)4(BIPYMO)2]n·2MeOH [X = H (2), Cl (3), Br (4), I (5); dipp = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl phosphate] have been obtained by treating a methanol solution of zinc acetate with X-dippH2 and BIPYMO (in a 1:1:1 molar ratio) at ambient conditions. Framework phosphates 2-5 can also be obtained by treating the preformed D4R cubanes [Zn(X-dipp)(DMSO)]4 with required quantities of BIPYMO in methanol. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies reveal that these framework solids are two-dimensional (2D) networks as opposed to the diamondoid networks obtained when the parent unoxidized 4,4'-bipyridine is used as the linker (Inorg. Chem. 2014, 53, 8959). The two types of voids (viz., smaller intra-D4R and larger inter-D4R) present in these framework solids can be utilized for different types of encapsulation processes. For example, the in situ generated 2D framework 2 encapsulates fluoride ions accompanied by a change in the dimensionality of the framework to yield {[(nC4H9)4N][F@(Zn4(dipp)4(BIPYMO)2)]}n (6). The three-dimensional framework 6 represents the first structurally characterized example of a fluoride-ion-encapsulated polymeric coordination compound or a metal-organic framework. The possibility of utilizing inter-D4R voids as hosts for small organic molecules has been explored by treating in situ generated 2 with a series of organic molecules of appropriate size. Framework 2 has been found to be a selective host for benzil and not for other structurally similar molecules such as benzoquinone, benzidine, anthracene, naphthalene, α-pyridoin, etc. The benzil-occluded isolated framework [benzil@{Zn4(dipp)4(BIPYMO)2}]n (7) has been isolated as single crystals, and its crystal structure determination revealed the binding of benzil molecules to the framework through strong π-π interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijaz A Dar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Gulzar A Bhat
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Ramaswamy Murugavel
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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