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Liu M, Li S. Nitrile biosynthesis in nature: how and why? Nat Prod Rep 2024; 41:649-671. [PMID: 38193577 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00028a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Covering: up to the end of 2023Natural nitriles comprise a small set of secondary metabolites which however show intriguing chemical and functional diversity. Various patterns of nitrile biosynthesis can be seen in animals, plants, and microorganisms with the characteristics of both evolutionary divergence and convergence. These specialized compounds play important roles in nitrogen metabolism, chemical defense against herbivores, predators and pathogens, and inter- and/or intraspecies communications. Here we review the naturally occurring nitrile-forming pathways from a biochemical perspective and discuss the biological and ecological functions conferred by diversified nitrile biosyntheses in different organisms. Elucidation of the mechanisms and evolutionary trajectories of nitrile biosynthesis underpins better understandings of nitrile-related biology, chemistry, and ecology and will ultimately benefit the development of desirable nitrile-forming biocatalysts for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.
| | - Shengying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
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2
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Kurimoto SI, Ohno T, Hokari R, Ishiyama A, Iwatsuki M, Ōmura S, Kobayashi J, Kubota T. Ceratinadins E and F, New Bromotyrosine Alkaloids from an Okinawan Marine Sponge Pseudoceratina sp. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16120463. [PMID: 30477099 PMCID: PMC6316200 DOI: 10.3390/md16120463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new bromotyrosine alkaloids, ceratinadins E (1) and F (2), were isolated from an Okinawan marine sponge Pseudoceratina sp. as well as a known bromotyrosine alkaloid, psammaplysin F (3). The gross structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data. The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were assigned by comparison of the NMR and ECD data with those of a known related bromotyrosine alkaloid, psammaplysin A (4). Ceratinadins E (1) and F (2) are new bromotyrosine alkaloids possessing an 8,10-dibromo-9-methoxy-1,6-dioxa-2-azaspiro[4.6]undeca-2,7,9-trien-4-ol unit with two or three 11-N-methylmoloka’iamine units connected by carbonyl groups, respectively. Ceratinadin E (1) exhibited antimalarial activities against a drug-resistant and a drug-sensitive strains of Plasmodium falciparum (K1 and FCR3 strains, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichiro Kurimoto
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan.
| | - Taito Ohno
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan.
| | - Rei Hokari
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan.
| | - Aki Ishiyama
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan.
| | - Masato Iwatsuki
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Ōmura
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan.
| | - Jun'ichi Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Takaaki Kubota
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan.
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3
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Nicacio KJ, Ióca LP, Fróes AM, Leomil L, Appolinario LR, Thompson CC, Thompson FL, Ferreira AG, Williams DE, Andersen RJ, Eustaquio AS, Berlinck RGS. Cultures of the Marine Bacterium Pseudovibrio denitrificans Ab134 Produce Bromotyrosine-Derived Alkaloids Previously Only Isolated from Marine Sponges. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:235-240. [PMID: 28191971 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report the isolation and spectroscopic identification of fistularin-3 (1), 11-hydroxyaerothionin (2), and verongidoic acid (3), as well as the UPLC-HRMS detection of aerothionin (4), homopurpuroceratic acid B (5), purealidin L (6), and aplysinamisine II (7), from cultures of the marine bacterium Pseudovibrio denitrificans Ab134, isolated from tissues of the marine sponge Arenosclera brasiliensis. These results unambiguously demonstrate for the first time that bromotyrosine-derived alkaloids that were previously isolated only from Verongida sponges can be biosynthesized by a marine bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Nicacio
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo , CP 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Laura P Ióca
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo , CP 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana M Fróes
- Instituto de Biologia, Centro de Ciência da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Avenida Carlos Chagas Fo. 373, Bloco A, Anexo A3, Sl. 302, Cidade Universitária, CEP 21941-599, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luciana Leomil
- Instituto de Biologia, Centro de Ciência da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Avenida Carlos Chagas Fo. 373, Bloco A, Anexo A3, Sl. 302, Cidade Universitária, CEP 21941-599, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luciana R Appolinario
- Instituto de Biologia, Centro de Ciência da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Avenida Carlos Chagas Fo. 373, Bloco A, Anexo A3, Sl. 302, Cidade Universitária, CEP 21941-599, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Christiane C Thompson
- Instituto de Biologia, Centro de Ciência da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Avenida Carlos Chagas Fo. 373, Bloco A, Anexo A3, Sl. 302, Cidade Universitária, CEP 21941-599, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fabiano L Thompson
- Instituto de Biologia, Centro de Ciência da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Avenida Carlos Chagas Fo. 373, Bloco A, Anexo A3, Sl. 302, Cidade Universitária, CEP 21941-599, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Antonio G Ferreira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos , CEP 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - David E Williams
- Departments of Chemistry and Earth, Ocean & Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Raymond J Andersen
- Departments of Chemistry and Earth, Ocean & Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Alessandra S Eustaquio
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Center for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago , 900 S. Ashland Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Roberto G S Berlinck
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo , CP 780, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Determination of the Halogenated Skeleton Constituents of the Marine Demosponge Ianthella basta. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15020034. [PMID: 28208597 PMCID: PMC5334614 DOI: 10.3390/md15020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Demosponges of the order Verongida such as Ianthella basta exhibit skeletons containing spongin, a collagenous protein, and chitin. Moreover, Verongida sponges are well known to produce bioactive brominated tyrosine derivatives. We recently demonstrated that brominated compounds do not only occur in the cellular matrix but also in the skeletons of the marine sponges Aplysina cavernicola and I. basta. Further investigations revealed the amino acid composition of the skeletons of A. cavernicola including the presence of several halogenated amino acids. In the present work, we investigated the skeletal amino acid composition of the demosponge I. basta, which belongs to the Ianthellidae family, and compared it with that of A. cavernicola from the Aplysinidae family. Seventeen proteinogenic and five non-proteinogenic amino acids were detected in I. basta. Abundantly occurring amino acids like glycine and hydroxyproline show the similarity of I. basta and A. cavernicola and confirm the collagenous nature of their sponging fibers. We also detected nine halogenated tyrosines as an integral part of I. basta skeletons. Since both sponges contain a broad variety of halogenated amino acids, this seems to be characteristic for Verongida sponges. The observed differences of the amino acid composition confirm that spongin exhibits a certain degree of variability even among the members of the order Verongida.
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5
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Kubota T, Watase S, Sakai K, Fromont J, Gonoi T, Kobayashi J. Tyrokeradines G and H, new bromotyrosine alkaloids from an Okinawan Verongid sponge. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:5221-3. [PMID: 26459215 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two new bromotyrosine alkaloids, tyrokeradines G (1) and H (2), have been isolated from an Okinawan marine sponge of the order Verongida. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data. Tyrokeradine G (1) is the first bromotyrosine alkaloid possessing a β-alanine unit, while tyrokeradine H (2) is a rare bromotyrosine alkaloid possessing a N-substituted pyridinium ring. Tyrokeradines G (1) and H (2) showed antifungal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Kubota
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Shinya Watase
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Kanae Sakai
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba 260-0856, Japan
| | - Jane Fromont
- Western Australian Museum, Locked Bag 49, Welshpool DC, WA 6986, Australia
| | - Tohru Gonoi
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba 260-0856, Japan
| | - Jun'ichi Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
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6
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Niemann H, Marmann A, Lin W, Proksch P. Sponge Derived Bromotyrosines: Structural Diversity through Natural Combinatorial Chemistry. Nat Prod Commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1501000143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sponge derived bromotyrosines are a multifaceted class of marine bioactive compounds that are important for the chemical defense of sponges but also for drug discovery programs as well as for technical applications in the field of antifouling constituents. These compounds, which are mainly accumulated by Verongid sponges, exhibit a diverse range of bioactivities including antibiotic, cytotoxic and antifouling effects. In spite of the simple biogenetic building blocks, which consist only of brominated tyrosine and tyramine units, an impressive diversity of different compounds is obtained through different linkages between these precursors and through structural modifications of the side chains and/or aromatic rings resembling strategies that are known from combinatorial chemistry. As examples for bioactive, structurally divergent bromotyrosines psammaplin A, Aplysina alkaloids featuring aerothionin, aeroplysinin-1 and the dienone, and the bastadins, including the synthetically derived hemibastadin congeners, have been selected for this review. Whereas all of these natural products are believed to be involved in the chemical defense of sponges, some of them may also be of particular relevance to drug discovery due to their interaction with specific molecular targets in eukaryotic cells. These targets involve important enzymes and receptors, such as histone deacetylases (HDAC) and DNA methyltransferases (DNMT), which are inhibited by psammaplin A, as well as ryanodine receptors that are targeted by bastadine type compounds. The hemibastadins such as the synthetically derived dibromohemibastadin are of particular interest due to their antifouling activity. For the latter, a phenoloxidase which catalyzes the bioglue formation needed for firm attachment of fouling organisms to a given substrate was identified as a molecular target. The Aplysina alkaloids finally provide a vivid example for dynamic wound induced bioconversions of natural products that generate highly efficient chemical weapons precisely when and where needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Niemann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Marmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wenhan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing100191, China
| | - Peter Proksch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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7
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Brominated skeletal components of the marine demosponges, Aplysina cavernicola and Ianthella basta: analytical and biochemical investigations. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:1271-87. [PMID: 23595055 PMCID: PMC3705403 DOI: 10.3390/md11041271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Demosponges possess a skeleton made of a composite material with various organic constituents and/or siliceous spicules. Chitin is an integral part of the skeleton of different sponges of the order Verongida. Moreover, sponges of the order Verongida, such as Aplysina cavernicola or Ianthella basta, are well-known for the biosynthesis of brominated tyrosine derivates, characteristic bioactive natural products. It has been unknown so far whether these compounds are exclusively present in the cellular matrix or whether they may also be incorporated into the chitin-based skeletons. In the present study, we therefore examined the skeletons of A. cavernicola and I. basta with respect to the presence of bromotyrosine metabolites. The chitin-based-skeletons isolated from these sponges indeed contain significant amounts of brominated compounds, which are not easily extractable from the skeletons by common solvents, such as MeOH, as shown by HPLC analyses in combination with NMR and IR spectroscopic measurements. Quantitative potentiometric analyses confirm that the skeleton-associated bromine mainly withstands the MeOH-based extraction. This observation suggests that the respective, but yet unidentified, brominated compounds are strongly bound to the sponge skeletons, possibly by covalent bonding. Moreover, gene fragments of halogenases suggested to be responsible for the incorporation of bromine into organic molecules could be amplified from DNA isolated from sponge samples enriched for sponge-associated bacteria.
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8
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Genta-Jouve G, Thomas OP. Sponge chemical diversity: from biosynthetic pathways to ecological roles. ADVANCES IN MARINE BIOLOGY 2012; 62:183-230. [PMID: 22664123 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394283-8.00004-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Since more than 50 years, sponges have raised the interest of natural product chemists due to the presence of structurally original secondary metabolites. While the main objective were first to discover new drugs from the Sea, a large number of interrogations arose along with the isolation and structure elucidations of a wide array of original architectures and new families of natural products not found in the terrestrial environment. In this chapter, we focus on the results obtained during this period on the following questions. A preliminary but still unresolved issue to be addressed will be linked to the role of the microbiota into the biosynthesis of these low-weight compounds. Our knowledge on the biosynthetic pathways leading to plant secondary metabolites is now well established, and this background will influence our comprehension of the biosynthetic events occurring in a sponge. But is the level of similarity between both metabolisms so important? We clearly need more experimental data to better assess this issue. This question is of fundamental interest because sponges have a long evolutionary history, and this will allow a better understanding on the transfer of the genetic information corresponding to the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. After the how, the why! The question of the ecological role of these metabolites is also of high importance first not only because they can serve as synapomorphic characters but also because they may represent chemical cues in the water environment. Even if most of these compounds are considered as defensive weapons for these sessile invertebrates, they may also be linked to physiological characters as the reproduction. Finally, a metabolomic approach can appear as a complementary tool to give additional information on the sponge fitness. All the new developments in molecular biology and bioanalytical tools will open the way for a better comprehension on the complex field of sponge secondary metabolites.
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9
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Relevant spatial scales of chemical variation in Aplysina aerophoba. Mar Drugs 2011; 9:2499-2513. [PMID: 22363236 PMCID: PMC3280577 DOI: 10.3390/md9122499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Revised: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the scale at which natural products vary the most is critical because it sheds light on the type of factors that regulate their production. The sponge Aplysina aerophoba is a common Mediterranean sponge inhabiting shallow waters in the Mediterranean and its area of influence in Atlantic Ocean. This species contains large concentrations of brominated alkaloids (BAs) that play a number of ecological roles in nature. Our research investigates the ecological variation in BAs of A. aerophoba from a scale of hundred of meters to thousand kilometers. We used a nested design to sample sponges from two geographically distinct regions (Canary Islands and Mediterranean, over 2500 km), with two zones within each region (less than 50 km), two locations within each zone (less than 5 km), and two sites within each location (less than 500 m). We used high-performance liquid chromatography to quantify multiple BAs and a spectrophotometer to quantify chlorophyll a (Chl a). Our results show a striking degree of variation in both natural products and Chl a content. Significant variation in Chl a content occurred at the largest and smallest geographic scales. The variation patterns of BAs also occurred at the largest and smallest scales, but varied depending on which BA was analyzed. Concentrations of Chl a and isofistularin-3 were negatively correlated, suggesting that symbionts may impact the concentration of some of these compounds. Our results underline the complex control of the production of secondary metabolites, with factors acting at both small and large geographic scales affecting the production of multiple secondary metabolites.
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10
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Shaker KH, Zinecker H, Ghani MA, Imhoff JF, Schneider B. Bioactive metabolites from the sponge Suberea sp. Chem Biodivers 2011; 7:2880-7. [PMID: 21162000 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200900277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Two new brominated compounds, subereaphenol K (2) and 2-(3,5-dibromo-1-ethoxy-4-oxocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-yl)acetamide (3), together with subereaphenol B (methyl 2-(2,4-dibromo-3,6-dihydroxyphenyl)acetate; 1) with a revised structure, and five dibromotyrosine-derived metabolites, 4-8, were isolated from the sponge Suberea sp. and characterized by 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopic and HR-MS spectrometric data. Compounds 1, 2, 6, and 8 exhibited various weak or moderate bioactivities, including antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. Furthermore, compounds 1 and 2 inhibited human recombinant phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) with IC₅₀ values of 2 μM, whereas compounds 6 and 8 were less active.
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11
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Rinehart KL. Secondary metabolites from marine organisms. CIBA FOUNDATION SYMPOSIUM 2007; 171:236-49; discussion 249-54. [PMID: 1302180 DOI: 10.1002/9780470514344.ch14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Marine macroorganisms and microorganisms, like terrestrial species, produce a dizzying array of secondary metabolites, including terpenes, steroids, polyketides, peptides, alkaloids and porphyrins. Most of the marine metabolites are found in terrestrial species as such or have close counterparts in land-based species, but some are sufficiently unusual to constitute a separate class (e.g. marine sterols). Although in many cases the functions of these secondary metabolites in the marine species themselves are unclear, other compounds play well-defined roles-for example as trail markers, sexual attractants, antifouling substances or antifeedants. What is clear is that many of the most interesting marine secondary metabolites have potent activities largely unrelated to their in situ roles. Examples abound of antitumour, antiviral, immunosuppressive and antimicrobial agents, as well as neurotoxins, hepatotoxins and cardiac stimulants. Relatively few biosynthetic studies of marine secondary metabolites have been done because of the logistical problems of working under water and the primitive state of techniques for growing marine invertebrates in culture. However, recent studies indicate that many compounds isolated from marine macrospecies (e.g. sponges) may instead be produced by microorganisms (e.g. bacteria or phytoplankton). Studies of these symbionts may facilitate efforts to understand the biosyntheses of these metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Rinehart
- Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
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12
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Abstract
Syntheses of several unique spironitronates are reported. The key transformation involves the first known example of an ipso oxidative cyclization of nitro functionality. Oxidation proceeds from both o- and p-phenols. Reductions of these compounds provide novel spiroisoxazoline derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice A Marsini
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9510, USA
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13
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Boehlow TR, Spilling CD. An Efficient Biomimetic Synthesis of Some Marine Sponge Tyrosine Metabolites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10575639508043179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Todd R. Boehlow
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Missouri-St. Louis , 8001 Natural Bridge Road, St. Louis, MO, 63121-4499
| | - Christopher D. Spilling
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Missouri-St. Louis , 8001 Natural Bridge Road, St. Louis, MO, 63121-4499
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14
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Iwatsuki S, Mizushima C, Morimoto N, Muranaka S, Ishihara K, Matsumoto K. Precise investigation of the axial ligand substitution mechanism on a hydrogenphosphato-bridged lantern-type platinum(III) binuclear complex in acidic aqueous solution. Inorg Chem 2006; 44:8097-104. [PMID: 16241160 DOI: 10.1021/ic050930p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Detailed equilibrium and kinetic studies on axial water ligand substitution reactions of the "lantern-type" platinum(III) binuclear complex, [Pt(2)(mu-HPO(4))(4)(H(2)O)(2)](2)(-), with halide and pseudo-halide ions (X(-) = Cl(-), Br(-), and SCN(-)) were carried out in acidic aqueous solution at 25 degrees C with I = 1.0 M. The diaqua Pt(III) dimer complex is in acid dissociation equilibrium in aqueous solution with -log K(h1) = 2.69 +/- 0.04. The consecutive formation constants of the aquahalo complex () and the dihalo complex () were determined spectrophotometrically to be log = 2.36 +/- 0.01 and log = 1.47 +/- 0.01 for the reaction with Cl(-) and log = 2.90 +/- 0.04 and log = 2.28 +/- 0.01 for the reaction with Br(-), respectively. In the kinetic measurements carried out under the pseudo-first-order conditions with a large excess concentration of halide ion compared to that of Pt(III) dimer (C(X)()- >> C(Pt)), all of the reactions proceeded via a one-step first-order reaction, which is a contrast to the consecutive two-step reaction for the amidato-bridged platinum(III) binuclear complexes. The conditional first-order rate constant (k(obs)) depended on C(X)()- as well as the acidity of the solution. From kinetic analyses, the rate-limiting step was determined to be the first substitution process that forms the monohalo species, which is in rapid equilibrium with the dihalo complex. The reaction with 4-penten-1-ol was also kinetically investigated to examine the reactivity of the lantern complex with olefin compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Iwatsuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, and School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.
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15
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Thoms C, Ebel R, Proksch P. Sequestration and possible role of dietary alkaloids in the sponge-feeding mollusk Tylodina perversa. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 43:261-75. [PMID: 17153347 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-30880-5_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Opisthobranchs of the genus Tylodina are found at exceedingly distant geographical regions in the marine environment but are always associated with sponges of the order Verongida (e.g., Aplysina species) which serve as prey for these gastropods. We investigated the chemical ecology of the Mediterranean species T. perversa that commonly feeds on A. aerophoba. The gastropod sequesters a set of sponge-derived brominated isoxazoline alkaloids which are accumulated in the mantle and egg masses and are furthermore exuded as part of the mucus when the animal is molested. Based on the documented feeding deterrent properties of the sponge alkaloids against fish, it is speculated that the sequestered sponge alkaloids serve also as a defense for T. perversa. Interestingly, specimens of T. perversa that were either collected while feeding on A. aerophoba or had been kept on these sponges under controlled conditions for several weeks almost always contained the brominated alkaloid aerothionin, which is not detected in A. aerophoba but occurs in the sibling species A. cavernicola instead. The latter sponge is also accepted as a food source by the gastropod, at least under experimental conditions. The possible origin of aerothionin in T. perversa is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Thoms
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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16
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Amijs CHM, Berger A, Soulimani F, Visser T, van Klink GPM, Lutz M, Spek AL, van Koten G. Neutral Pyridyl-Functionalized C,N-ortho-Chelated Aminoaryl Platinum(II) Corner Building Blocks for Application in Coordination Reactions. Inorg Chem 2005; 44:6567-78. [PMID: 16156615 DOI: 10.1021/ic050697v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two homoleptic pyridyl-functionalized C,N-ortho-chelating aminoaryl platinum(II) complexes, cis-[Pt(eta(2)-C,N)] (3a,b), were prepared via an unconventional method involving the initial synthesis of a bromide-functionalized C,N-chelating aminoaryl platinum(II) precursor complex 8, to which subsequently pyridyl groups were attached via a Suzuki-Miyaura C-C coupling reaction. The electron-donating properties of the pyridyl nitrogen atoms of the resulting complexes (3a,b) were used in complexation reactions with monocationic NCN-pincer (NCN = [C6H3(CH2NMe2)(2-)2,6]-) platinum(II) (11a) and palladium(II) (12a) nitrate complexes [M(NCN)(NO3)], thereby obtaining four trimetallic coordination complexes 16-19. The difference in the pyridine-metal coordination behavior between platinum and palladium was studied by varying the ratios of the reagents and by variable-temperature NMR experiments. IR and Raman analyses of 11a and 12a were performed to determine the coordination behavior of the nitrate counteranion, and it was found that both NO3- and H2O coordinate to the metal centers. The crystal structure determinations of free pyridyl complex 3a, [Pt(NCN)(NO3)] (11a), and [Pt(NCN)(NO3)].(H2O) (11b), as well as the crystal structure of trisplatinum coordination complex 16, are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catelijne H M Amijs
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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17
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Harburn JJ, Rath NP, Spilling CD. Efficient Synthesis of Tyrosine-Derived Marine Sponge Metabolites via Acylation of Amines with a Coumarin. J Org Chem 2005; 70:6398-403. [PMID: 16050702 DOI: 10.1021/jo050846r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Condensation of N-acetylglycine with aldehyde 15 in acetic anhydride gave acetamido coumarin 16. Hydrolysis to the enol coumarin 17 and reaction with hydroxylamine gave the oximino coumarin 18. Reaction of the oximino coumarin 18 with a range of nucleophiles gave the phenolic oximes in excellent yield. The rates of acylation of histamine with the oximino coumarin 18 and methyl ester 9 were compared. Oxidative spirocyclization of three representative phenolic oximes with polymer-supported (diacetoxyiodo) benzene gave the spiroisoxazolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jonathan Harburn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121-4499, USA
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18
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Rogers EW, de Oliveira MF, Berlinck RGS, König GM, Molinski TF. Stereochemical heterogeneity in Verongid sponge metabolites. Absolute stereochemistry of (+)-fistularin-3 and (+)-11-epi-fistularin-3 by microscale LCMS-Marfey's analysis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2005; 68:891-6. [PMID: 15974614 DOI: 10.1021/np050050n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The absolute configurations of fistularin-3, 11-epi-fistularin-3, and a related bis-oxazolidinone were determined by microscale hydrolysis followed by derivatization with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrophenyl-5-l-alaninamide. Samples of fistularin-3 from Verongid marine sponges collected in the Great Barrier Reef (Australia), Baía de Todos os Santos (Brazil), and the Key Largo, Florida (USA) varied in configuration at C11, a phenomenon that may be attributed to the involvement of stereochemically promiscuous hydroxylase enzymes. Variability in C11 configuration in fistularin-3 samples may have been overlooked in previously reported encounters due to the similarity of spectroscopic properties of fistularin-3 and 11-epi-fistularin-3 and their coelution under chromatographic conditions. Stereochemical heterogeneity at C11 in fistularin-3 samples suggests a possibility of a native biotransformation of suitable precursor in Verongid sponges by their associated microbial flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan W Rogers
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, 95616, USA
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19
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Peng J, Li J, Hamann MT. The marine bromotyrosine derivatives. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2005; 61:59-262. [PMID: 16173400 PMCID: PMC4943341 DOI: 10.1016/s1099-4831(05)61002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangnan Peng
- Department of Pharmacognosy, National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi, USA
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20
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21
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Andersen RJ, Ireland CM, Molinski TF, Bewley CA. Research achievement award--D. John Faulkner. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2004; 67:1239-1251. [PMID: 15332836 DOI: 10.1021/np049912v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
David John Faulkner, one of the pioneers of marine natural products chemistry and the 2003 recipient of the ASP Research Achievement Award, passed away on November 23, 2002. John was very pleased to learn that he'd been named as the award recipient and was intending to present the ASP Research Achievement Award Address at the annual meeting in July 2003, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. John's untimely death left an unprecedented event in the history of the ASP-a posthumous Research Achievement Award to a deserving individual and an untimely loss for us all. We are bereft of a colleague, a friend, and a mentor, and the opportunity to hear John's words on the occasion of his own award. In tribute to John, we have assembled a retrospective of John's work that is not meant to be a comprehensive review (this would take considerably more space) but a selection of highlights and personal vignettes from some of those that trained in marine natural products under his mentorship. This paper is a written account of the symposium presented by the authors at the ASP Annual Meeting in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, on July 16, 2003.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond J Andersen
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
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22
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Hentschel U, Fieseler L, Wehrl M, Gernert C, Steinert M, Hacker J, Horn M. Microbial diversity of marine sponges. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2003; 37:59-88. [PMID: 15825640 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-55519-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The recent application of molecular microbial ecology tools to sponge-microbe associations has revealed a glimpse into the biodiversity of these microbial communities, that is considered just 'the tip of the iceberg'. This chapter provides an overview over these new findings with regard to identity, diversity and distribution patterns of sponge-associated microbial consortia. The sponges Aplysina aerophoba (Verongida), Rhopaloeides odorabile (Dicytoceratida) and Theonella swinhoei (Lithistida) were chosen as model systems for this review because they have been subject to both, cultivation-dependent and cultivation-independent approaches. A discussion of the microbial assemblages of Halichondriapanicea is presented in the accompanying chapter by Imhoff and Stöhr. Considering that a large fraction of sponge-associated microbes is not yet amenable to cultivation, an emphasis has been placed on the techniques centering around the 16S rRNA gene. A section has been included that covers the potential of sponge microbial communities for drug discovery. Finally, a 'sponge-microbe interaction model' is presented that summarizes our current understanding of the processes that might have shaped the community structure of the microbial assemblages within sponges.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Hentschel
- Institut für Molekulare Infektionsbiologie, Universität Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- L Rahbaek
- Marine Chemistry Section, H. C. Ørsted Institute, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
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24
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Boehlow TR, Harburn JJ, Spilling CD. Approaches to the synthesis of some tyrosine-derived marine sponge metabolites: synthesis of verongamine and purealidin N. J Org Chem 2001; 66:3111-8. [PMID: 11325276 DOI: 10.1021/jo010015v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The oxidation of tyrosine ethyl ester (7) with Na(2)WO(4)/H(2)O(2) in ethanol, dimethyldioxirane in acetone, or methyltrioxorhenium/H(2)O(2) in EtOH gave the corresponding tyrosine oxime (8) in high yield. Controlled bromination of the aromatic ring gave the monobromo oxime (9), the dibromo oxime (10), or the spiroisoxazoline (11) depending upon reaction conditions. Synthesis of the known metabolite verongamine (15) was achieved by oxidation of O-methyl bromotyrosine methyl ester and amidation of the resulting oxime ester (14) with histamine. The mono- and di-bromotyrosine oxime derivatives (9 and 10) were further transformed into the naturally occurring nitriles (16 and 17) by base hydrolysis of the ester and acid-catalyzed decarboxylation. Wadsworth-Emmons olefination of the dibromobenzaldehyde (20b) with phosphonate (18) gave the pyruvate silylenolether (21b). Deprotection and in situ oxime formation gave the oxime ester (23b). Attempted purification of the pyruvate ester resulted in a homoaldol condensation yielding butenolide (22). Amidation of the oxime ester (23b) with histamine, followed by deprotection of the MOM ether gave the first synthesis of purealidin N (28). Oxidative spirocyclization of the phenolic oxime ester (23d) with a polymer-bound iodosyl diacetate gave the spiroisoxazoline (24) and represents a formal synthesis of aerothionin (26a), homoaerothionin (26b), and aerophobin-1 (25).
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Boehlow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis, 8001 Natural Bridge Road, St. Louis, Missouri 63121-4499, USA
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25
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Schoenfeld RC, Ganem B. Synthesis of ceratinamine and moloka'iamine: Antifouling agents from the marine sponge Pseudoceratina purpurea. Tetrahedron Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(98)00771-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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26
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27
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28
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Guella G, Mancini I, Pietra F. C15 acetogenins and terpenes of the dictyoceratid sponge Spongia zimocca of Il Rogiolo: A case of seaweed-metabolite transfer to, and elaboration within, a sponge? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(92)90232-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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29
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Kobayashi J, Ishibashi M. Chapter 2 Marine Alkaloids II. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0099-9598(08)60105-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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30
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Bicchierini N, Cavazza M, Nucci L, Pergola F, Pietra F. Halogenatedp-quinols of marine sponges. Synthesis via anodic oxidation of phenols and NHI-like rearrangement. Tetrahedron Lett 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(91)80622-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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31
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Kobayashi J, Cheng JF, Yamamura S, Ishibashi M. Revised structures of prianosins C and D, antineoplastic alkaloids from the Okinawan marine sponge Prianos melanos. Tetrahedron Lett 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)92051-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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32
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33
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Silva CJ, Wünsche L, Djerassi C. Biosynthetic studies of marine lipids. 35. The demonstration of de novo sterol biosynthesis in sponges using radiolabeled isoprenoid precursors. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY 1991; 99:763-73. [PMID: 1790671 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(91)90140-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
1. De novo sterol biosynthesis in the sponges Tethya aurantia and Aplysina fistularis was investigated, using sodium [5,5-3H]-mevalonate, [1-3H]-farnesol and [3-3H]-squalene. [3-3H]-Squalene was found to be the best precursor for demonstrating de novo sterol biosynthesis in a wider range of sponges. 2. By feeding [3-3H]-squalene and using cell-free techniques, the de novo sterol biosynthesis was established in 18 sponges belonging to nine orders. Among these sponges were Axinella polypoides and Axinella verrucosa which had previously been thought to be incapable of de novo sterol biosynthesis based on work with radiolabeled lanosterol, cycloartenol, mevalonate, and acetate. 3. In contrast to earlier assumptions, it is likely that all sponges are capable of de novo sterol biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, CA 94305
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34
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35
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36
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Perry NB, Blunt JW, Munro MH. Cytotoxic pigments from new zealand sponges of the genus latrunculia : discorhabdins a, b and c. Tetrahedron 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)86737-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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37
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The Search for Antiviral and Anticancer Compounds from Marine Organisms. BIOORGANIC MARINE CHEMISTRY 1987. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-72726-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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38
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Isolation and synthesis of aplysinadiene, a new rearranged dibromotyrosine derivative from aplysina aerophoba. Tetrahedron Lett 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)95396-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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39
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Higa T, Okuda RK, Severns R, Scheuer PJ, He C, Changfu X, Clardy J. . Tetrahedron 1987; 43:1063-1070. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)90042-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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40
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Krebs HC. Recent developments in the field of marine natural products with emphasis on biologically active compounds. FORTSCHRITTE DER CHEMIE ORGANISCHER NATURSTOFFE = PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS. PROGRES DANS LA CHIMIE DES SUBSTANCES ORGANIQUES NATURELLES 1986; 49:151-363. [PMID: 2877925 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-8846-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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41
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D'Ambrosio M, Mealli C, Guerriero A, Pietra F. 7-Bromocavernicolenone, a New ?-Bromoenone from the Mediterranean SpongeAplysina (=Verongia)cavernicola. Implied, Unprecedented Involvement of a Halogenated Dopa in the Biogenesis of a Natural Product. Helv Chim Acta 1985. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19850680536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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42
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Guella G, Guerriero A, Pietra F. Sesquiterpenoids of the SpongeDysidea fragilis of the North-Brittany Sea. Helv Chim Acta 1985. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19850680105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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43
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44
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45
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D'Ambrosio M, Guerriero A, Pietra F. Novel, racemic or nearly-racemic antibacterial bromo- and chloroquinols and ?-lactams of the verongiaquinol and the cavernicolin type from the marine spongeAplysina (=Verongia)cavernicola. Helv Chim Acta 1984. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19840670610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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46
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Thompson JE, Barrow KD, Faulkner DJ. Localization of Two Brominated Metabolites, Aerothionin and Homoaerothionin, in Spherulous Cells of the Marine SpongeAplysina fistularis(=Verongia thiona). ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 1983. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6395.1983.tb00801.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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47
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Dichloroverongiaquinol, a new marine antibacterial compound fromAplysina cavernicola. Isolation and synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01943123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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48
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Sullivan B, Faulkner DJ, Webb L. Siphonodictidine, a Metabolite of the Burrowing Sponge Siphonodictyon sp. That Inhibits Coral Growth. Science 1983; 221:1175-6. [PMID: 17811521 DOI: 10.1126/science.221.4616.1175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Siphonodictidine is the major secondary metabolite of an undescribed Indo-Pacific sponge Siphonodictyon sp. that burrows into living coral heads. The structure of siphonodictidine was determined from spectral data. Laboratory bioassays suggest that siphonodictidine and, by analogy, the siphonodictyals from S. coralliphagum are responsible for maintaining zones of dead coral polyps around the oscular chimneys of these sponges.
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49
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Rotem M, Carmely S, Kashman Y, Loya Y. Two new antibiotics from the red sea sponge Psammaplysilla purpurea. Tetrahedron 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)91843-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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50
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D'Ambrosio M, Guerriero A, Traldi P, Pietra F. Cavernicolin-1 and cavernicolin-2, epimeric dibromolactams from the mediterranean sponge. Tetrahedron Lett 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)85613-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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