1
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Gahlot K, Meijer J, Protesescu L. Structural and optical control through anion and cation exchange processes for Sn-halide perovskite nanostructures. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:5177-5187. [PMID: 38385551 PMCID: PMC10918525 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr06075f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskite nanostructures, characterized by their ionic nature, present a compelling avenue for the tunability of dimensions and band gaps through facile compositional transformations involving both cationic and anionic exchange reactions. While post-synthetic ion-exchange processes have been extensively explored in Pb-halide perovskite nanocrystals, the inherent instability of Sn2+ has limited the exploration of such processes in Sn-halide perovskite nanostructures. In this study, we present a straightforward cation exchange process wherein 2D [R-NH3]2SnX4 Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) nanostructures with n = 1 transition to 3D ASnX3 nanocrystals at room temperature with the addition of A-cation oleate. In addition, anion exchange processes have been demonstrated for both 2D [R-NH3]2SnX4 RP nanostructures and 3D nanocrystals, showcasing transitions between iodide and bromide counterparts. Furthermore, we have fabricated a thin film of 2D [R-NH3]2SnX4 RP nanostructures for cation exchange, wherein A-cation diffusion through a liquid-solid interface facilitates the transformation into a 3D ASnX3 crystal. This investigation underscores the versatility of ion exchange processes in engineering the composition of Sn-halide perovskite nanostructures and, consequently, modulating their optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kushagra Gahlot
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747AG, The Netherlands.
| | - Julius Meijer
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747AG, The Netherlands.
| | - Loredana Protesescu
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747AG, The Netherlands.
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2
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Ren Y, Wang J, Zhang M, Wang Y, Cao Y, Kim DH, Lin Z. Locally Ordered Single-Atom Catalysts for Electrocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202315003. [PMID: 37932862 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Single-atom catalysts manifest nearly 100 % atom utilization efficiency, well-defined active sites, and high selectivity. However, their practical applications are hindered by a low atom loading density, uncontrollable location, and ambiguous interaction with the support, thereby posing challenges to maximizing their electrocatalytic performance. To address these limitations, the ability to arrange randomly dispersed single atoms into locally ordered single-atom catalysts (LO-SACs) substantially influences the electronic effect between reactive sites and the support, the synergistic interaction among neighboring single atoms, the bonding energy of intermediates with reactive sites and the complexity of the mechanism. As such, it dramatically promotes reaction kinetics, reduces the energy barrier of the reaction, improves the performance of the catalyst and simplifies the reaction mechanism. In this review, firstly, we introduce a variety of compelling characteristics of LO-SACs as electrocatalysts. Subsequently, the synthetic strategies, characterization methods and applications of LO-SACs in electrocatalysis are discussed. Finally, the future opportunities and challenges are elaborated to encourage further exploration in this rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Ren
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081 (P. R., China
| | - Jinyong Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Yuan Cao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Dong Ha Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760 (Republic of, Korea
| | - Zhiqun Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760 (Republic of, Korea
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3
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Freyer A, Tumiel TM, Smeaton M, Savitzky BH, Kourkoutis LF, Krauss TD. Heterogeneity in Cation Exchange Ag + Doping of CdSe Nanocrystals. ACS NANOSCIENCE AU 2023; 3:280-285. [PMID: 37601918 PMCID: PMC10436366 DOI: 10.1021/acsnanoscienceau.3c00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Cation exchange is becoming extensively used for nanocrystal (NC) doping in order to produce NCs with unique optical and electronic properties. However, despite its ever-increasing use, the relationships between the cation exchange process, its doped NC products, and the resulting NC photophysics are not well characterized. For example, similar doping procedures on NCs with the same chemical compositions have resulted in quite different photophysics. Through a detailed single molecule investigation of a postsynthesis Ag+ doping of CdSe NCs, a number of species were identified within a single doped NC sample, suggesting the differences in the optical properties of the various synthesis methods are due to the varied contributions of each species. Electrostatic force microscopy (EFM), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) mapping, and single molecule photoluminescence (PL) studies were used to identify four possible species resulting from the Ag+-CdSe cation exchange doping process. The heterogeneity of these samples shows the difficulty in controlling a postsynthesis cation exchange method to produce homogeneous samples needed for use in any potential application. Additionally, the heterogeneity in the doped samples demonstrates that significant care must be taken in describing the ensemble or average characteristics of the sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Freyer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0216, United
States
| | - Trevor M. Tumiel
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0216, United
States
| | - Michelle Smeaton
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Benjamin H. Savitzky
- Department
of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Lena F. Kourkoutis
- School
of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Kavli Institute
at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Todd D. Krauss
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0216, United
States
- The
Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627-0216, United
States
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4
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Chen Y, Amirav L. Shape tunability of copper nanocrystals deposited on nanorods. Chem Sci 2023; 14:7512-7523. [PMID: 37449067 PMCID: PMC10337768 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00677h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The significant role of metal particle geometry in dictating catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability is well established in heterocatalysis. However, this topic is rarely explored in semiconductor-metal hybrid photocatalytic systems, primarily due to the lack of synthetic control over this feature. Herein, we present a new synthetic route for the deposition of metallic Cu nanoparticles with spherical, elliptic, or cubic geometrical shapes, which are selectively grown on one side of the well-established CdSe@CdS nanorod photocatalytic system. An additional multipod morphology in which several nanorod branches are combined on a single Cu domain is presented as well. Cu is an earth-abundant low-cost catalyst known to promote a diverse gallery of organic transformations and is an excellent thermal and electrical conductor with interesting plasmonic properties. Its deposition on cadmium chalcogenide nanostructures is enabled here via mitigation of the reaction kinetics such that the cation exchange reaction is prevented. The structural diversity of these sophisticated nanoscale hybrid systems lays the foundations for shape-activity correlation studies and employment in various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexing Chen
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Lilac Amirav
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Haifa 32000 Israel
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5
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Liu L, Bai B, Yang X, Du Z, Jia G. Anisotropic Heavy-Metal-Free Semiconductor Nanocrystals: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications. Chem Rev 2023; 123:3625-3692. [PMID: 36946890 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Heavy-metal (Cd, Hg, and Pb)-containing semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) have been explored widely due to their unique optical and electrical properties. However, the toxicity risks of heavy metals can be a drawback of heavy-metal-containing NCs in some applications. Anisotropic heavy-metal-free semiconductor NCs are desirable replacements and can be realized following the establishment of anisotropic growth mechanisms. These anisotropic heavy-metal-free semiconductor NCs can possess lower toxicity risks, while still exhibiting unique optical and electrical properties originating from both the morphological and compositional anisotropy. As a result, they are promising light-emitting materials in use various applications. In this review, we provide an overview on the syntheses, properties, and applications of anisotropic heavy-metal-free semiconductor NCs. In the first section, we discuss hazards of heavy metals and introduce the typical heavy-metal-containing and heavy-metal-free NCs. In the next section, we discuss anisotropic growth mechanisms, including solution-liquid-solid (SLS), oriented attachment, ripening, templated-assisted growth, and others. We discuss mechanisms leading both to morphological anisotropy and to compositional anisotropy. Examples of morphological anisotropy include growth of nanorods (NRs)/nanowires (NWs), nanotubes, nanoplatelets (NPLs)/nanosheets, nanocubes, and branched structures. Examples of compositional anisotropy, including heterostructures and core/shell structures, are summarized. Third, we provide insights into the properties of anisotropic heavy-metal-free NCs including optical polarization, fast electron transfer, localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPR), and so on, which originate from the NCs' anisotropic morphologies and compositions. Finally, we summarize some applications of anisotropic heavy-metal-free NCs including catalysis, solar cells, photodetectors, lighting-emitting diodes (LEDs), and biological applications. Despite the huge progress on the syntheses and applications of anisotropic heavy-metal-free NCs, some issues still exist in the novel anisotropic heavy-metal-free NCs and the corresponding energy conversion applications. Therefore, we also discuss the challenges of this field and provide possible solutions to tackle these challenges in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Liu
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Bing Bai
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xuyong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, 149 Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
| | - Zuliang Du
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Guohua Jia
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
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6
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Park J, Kim HK, Park J, Kim B, Baik H, Baik MH, Lee K. Flattening bent Janus nanodiscs expands lattice parameters. Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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7
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He L, Luan C, Liu S, Chen M, Rowell N, Wang Z, Li Y, Zhang C, Lu J, Zhang M, Liang B, Yu K. Transformations of Magic-Size Clusters via Precursor Compound Cation Exchange at Room Temperature. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:19060-19069. [PMID: 36215103 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The transformation of colloidal semiconductor magic-size clusters (MSCs) from zinc to cadmium chalcogenide (ZnE to CdE) at low temperatures has received scant attention. Here, we report the first room-temperature evolution of CdE MSCs from ZnE samples and our interpretation of the transformation pathway. We show that when prenucleation stage samples of ZnE are mixed with cadmium oleate (Cd(OA)2), CdE MSCs evolve; without this mixing, ZnE MSCs develop. When ZnE MSCs and Cd(OA)2 are mixed, CdE MSCs also form. We propose that Cd(OA)2 reacts with the precursor compounds (PCs) of the ZnE MSCs but not directly with the ZnE MSCs. The cation exchange reaction transforms the ZnE PCs into CdE PCs, from which CdE MSCs develop. Our findings suggest that in reactions that lead to the production of binary ME quantum dots, the E precursor dominates the formation of binary ME PCs (M = Zn or Cd) to have similar stoichiometry. The present study provides a much more profound view of the formation and transformation mechanisms of the ME PCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li He
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Chaoran Luan
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Tissue-orientated Property of Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Shangpu Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Meng Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Nelson Rowell
- Metrology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Ze Wang
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Chunchun Zhang
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Lu
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Bin Liang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Kui Yu
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China.,Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
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8
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Yan C, Byrne D, Ondry JC, Kahnt A, Moreno-Hernandez IA, Kamat GA, Liu ZJ, Laube C, Crook MF, Zhang Y, Ercius P, Alivisatos AP. Facet-selective etching trajectories of individual semiconductor nanocrystals. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq1700. [PMID: 35947667 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq1700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The size and shape of semiconductor nanocrystals govern their optical and electronic properties. Liquid cell transmission electron microscopy (LCTEM) is an emerging tool that can directly visualize nanoscale chemical transformations and therefore inform the precise synthesis of nanostructures with desired functions. However, it remains difficult to controllably investigate the reactions of semiconductor nanocrystals with LCTEM, because of the highly reactive environment formed by radiolysis of liquid. Here, we harness the radiolysis processes and report the single-particle etching trajectories of prototypical semiconductor nanomaterials with well-defined crystalline facets. Lead selenide nanocubes represent an isotropic structure that retains the cubic shape during etching via a layer-by-layer mechanism. The anisotropic arrow-shaped cadmium selenide nanorods have polar facets terminated by either cadmium or selenium atoms, and the transformation trajectory is driven by etching the selenium-terminated facets. LCTEM trajectories reveal how nanoscale shape transformations of semiconductors are governed by the reactivity of specific facets in liquid environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Dana Byrne
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Justin C Ondry
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Axel Kahnt
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Gaurav A Kamat
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Zi-Jie Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Christian Laube
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michelle F Crook
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Peter Ercius
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - A Paul Alivisatos
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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9
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Li C, Li X, Liu X. Tuning Luminescence of Lanthanide-Doped Upconversion Nanoparticles through Simultaneous Binary Cation Exchange. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:10947-10954. [PMID: 35175048 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dual-mode luminescent nanomaterials have outstanding performance in biosensing and multistage anticounterfeiting. Herein, we report the tuning of optical attributes of lanthanide-doped nanoparticles (NPs) via simultaneous binary cation exchange. We show that cation exchange of NaYF4:Yb/Er (18/2 mol %)@NaLnF4 (Ln = Y and Gd) NPs with a combination of Ce3+ and Tb3+ enables the resultant nanoparticles to exhibit both upconversion and downshifting emissions upon excitation at 980 and 254 nm, respectively. We find that in addition to introducing downshifting emission attributes, the use of Tb3+ ions allows conservation of the integrity of the parent core@shell NPs by decreasing the dissociation tendency caused by Ce3+ ions during the cation exchange. The upconversion color output can be tuned from green to red and blue by changing lanthanide combinations in the core NPs. This work not only provides an effective strategy for the optical tuning of lanthanide-doped NPs but also builds a platform for probing the difference in the reactivity nature of lanthanides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecular-Based Materials, Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Clean Energy of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Centre for Nano Science and Technology, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Xiyan Li
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Solar Energy Conversion Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Tianjin 300350, China
- Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Photoelectronic Technology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiaowang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecular-Based Materials, Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Clean Energy of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Centre for Nano Science and Technology, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics, Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, China
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10
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Guo Y, Liang Z, Xue Y, Wang X, Zhang X, Tian J. A cation exchange strategy to construct Rod-shell CdS/Cu 2S nanostructures for broad spectrum photocatalytic hydrogen production. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 608:158-163. [PMID: 34626963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.09.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Herein, Cu2S as the outer shell is grown on CdS nanorods (NRs) to construct rod-shell nanostructures (CdS/Cu2S) by a rapid, scalable and facile cation exchange reaction. The CdS NRs are firstly synthesized by a hydrothermal route, in which thiourea as the precursor of sulfur and ethylenediamine (EDA) as the solvent. And then, the outer shells of CdS NRs are successfully exchanged by Cu2S via a cation exchange reaction. The obtained CdS/Cu2S rod-shell NRs exhibit much enhanced activity of hydrogen production (640.95 μmol h-1 g-1) in comparison with pure CdS NRs (74.1 μmol h-1 g-1) and pure Cu2S NRs (0 μmol h-1 g-1). The enhanced photocatalytic activity of CdS/Cu2S rod-shell NRs owns to the following points: i) the photogenerated electrons generated by CdS quickly migrate to Cu2S without any barrier due to rod-shell structure by the in-situ cation exchange reaction, a decreased carrier recombination is achieved; ii) Cu2S as outer shells broaden the light absorption range of CdS/Cu2S rod-shell NRs into visible or even NIR light, which can produce more electrons and holes. This work inspires people to further study the rod-shell structured photocatalyst through the cation exchange strategy to further solar energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Zhangqian Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Yanjun Xue
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jian Tian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China.
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11
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Salzmann B, Wit JD, Li C, Arenas-Esteban D, Bals S, Meijerink A, Vanmaekelbergh D. Two-Dimensional CdSe-PbSe Heterostructures and PbSe Nanoplatelets: Formation, Atomic Structure, and Optical Properties. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2022; 126:1513-1522. [PMID: 35116087 PMCID: PMC8802322 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c09412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cation exchange enables the preparation of nanocrystals (NCs), which are not reachable by direct synthesis methods. In this work, we applied Pb2+-for-Cd2+ cation exchange on CdSe nanoplatelets (NPLs) to prepare two-dimensional CdSe-PbSe heterostructures and PbSe NPLs. Lowering the reaction temperature slowed down the rate of cation exchange, making it possible to characterize the intermediary NCs ex situ with atomically resolved high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy and optical spectroscopy. We observe that the Pb2+-for-Cd2+ cation exchange starts from the vertices of the NPLs and grows into the zinc blende CdSe (zb-CdSe) lattice as a rock salt PbSe phase (rs-PbSe), while the anion (selenium) sublattice is being preserved. In agreement with previous works on CdTe-PbTe films, the interfaces between zb-CdSe and rs-PbSe consist of shared {001} and {011} planes. The final PbSe NPLs are highly crystalline and contain protrusions at the edges, which are slightly rotated, indicating an atomic reconfiguration of material. The growth of PbSe domains into CdSe NPLs could also be monitored by the emission peak shift as a function of the exchange time. Temperature-dependent emission measurements confirm a size-dependent change of the band gap energy with temperature and reveal a strong influence of the anisotropic shape. Time-resolved photoluminescence measurements between 4 and 30 K show a dark-bright exciton-state splitting different from PbSe QDs with three-dimensional quantum confinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastiaan
B.V. Salzmann
- Condensed
Matter & Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3508TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jur de Wit
- Condensed
Matter & Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3508TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chen Li
- EMAT
and Nanolab Centre of Excellence, Antwerp
University, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Sara Bals
- EMAT
and Nanolab Centre of Excellence, Antwerp
University, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Andries Meijerink
- Condensed
Matter & Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3508TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Vanmaekelbergh
- Condensed
Matter & Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3508TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
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12
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Bhar M, Rudra S, Bhunia N, Mukherjee S, Banerjee A, Mukherjee P. Remarkable Difference in Pre-Cation Exchange Reactions of Inorganic Nanoparticles in Cases with Eventual Complete Exchange. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj03442e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Postsynthetic modification of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) involving appropriate cation pairs at or near ambient conditions can exchange their spatial positions. The characterization of final products from these reactions although attracted...
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13
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Kaur A, Goswami T, Rondiya SR, Jadhav YA, Babu KJ, Shukla A, Yadav DK, Ghosh HN. Enhanced Charge Carrier Separation and Improved Biexciton Yield at the p-n Junction of SnSe/CdSe Heterostructures: A Detailed Electrochemical and Ultrafast Spectroscopic Investigation. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:10958-10968. [PMID: 34738822 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tin chalcogenides (SnX, X = S, Se)-based heterostructures (HSs) are promising materials for the construction of low-cost optoelectronic devices. Here, we report the synthesis of a SnSe/CdSe HS using the controlled cation exchange reaction. The (400) plane of SnSe and the (111) plane of CdSe confirm the formation of an interface between SnSe and CdSe. The Type I band alignment is estimated for the SnSe/CdSe HS with a small conduction band offset (CBO) of 0.72 eV through cyclic voltammetry measurements. Transient absorption (TA) studies demonstrate a drastic enhancement of the CdSe biexciton signal that points toward the hot carrier transfer from SnSe to CdSe in a short time scale. The fast growth and recovery of CdSe bleach in the presence of SnSe indicate charge transfer back to SnSe. The observed delocalization of carriers in these two systems is crucial for an optoelectronic device. Our findings provide new insights into the fabrication of cost-effective photovoltaic devices based on SnSe-based heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshdeep Kaur
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, SAS Nagar, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab140306, India
| | - Tanmay Goswami
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, SAS Nagar, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab140306, India
| | - Sachin R Rondiya
- School of Energy Studies, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune411007, India
| | - Yogesh A Jadhav
- School of Energy Studies, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune411007, India
| | - K Justice Babu
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, SAS Nagar, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab140306, India
| | - Ayushi Shukla
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, SAS Nagar, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab140306, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Yadav
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, SAS Nagar, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab140306, India
| | - Hirendra N Ghosh
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, SAS Nagar, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab140306, India
- Radiation and Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai400085, India
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14
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Li Z, Saruyama M, Asaka T, Tatetsu Y, Teranishi T. Determinants of crystal structure transformation of ionic nanocrystals in cation exchange reactions. Science 2021; 373:332-337. [PMID: 34437152 DOI: 10.1126/science.abh2741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the crystal system of an ionic nanocrystal during a cation exchange reaction are unusual yet remain to be systematically investigated. In this study, chemical synthesis and computational modeling demonstrated that the height of hexagonal-prism roxbyite (Cu1.8S) nanocrystals with a distorted hexagonal close-packed sulfide anion (S2-) sublattice determines the final crystal phase of the cation-exchanged products with Co2+ [wurtzite cobalt sulfide (CoS) with hexagonal close-packed S2- and/or cobalt pentlandite (Co9S8) with cubic close-packed S2-]. Thermodynamic instability of exposed planes drives reconstruction of anion frameworks under mild reaction conditions. Other incoming cations (Mn2+, Zn2+, and Ni2+) modulate crystal structure transformation during cation exchange reactions by various means, such as volume, thermodynamic stability, and coordination environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanzhao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Masaki Saruyama
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
| | - Toru Asaka
- Division of Advanced Ceramics and Frontier Research Institute for Materials Science, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan
| | - Yasutomi Tatetsu
- University Center for Liberal Arts Education, Meio University, Nago 905-8585, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Teranishi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
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15
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Guo X, Liu S, Wang W, Li C, Yang Y, Tian Q, Liu Y. Plasmon-induced ultrafast charge transfer in single-particulate Cu 1.94S-ZnS nanoheterostructures. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:3481-3490. [PMID: 36133727 PMCID: PMC9418435 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00037c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recombination centers generated from structural and interfacial defects in nanoheterostructures (NHs) prevent effective photo-induced charge transfer and have blocked the advance of many photoresponsive applications. Strategies to construct high-quality interfaces in NHs are emerging but are limited in the release of interfacial strain and the integrality of the sublattice. Herein, we synthesize single-particulate Cu1.94S-ZnS NHs with a continuous sublattice using a nanoscale cation exchange reaction (CE). Under near-infrared (NIR) radiation (λ = 1500 nm), femtosecond open-aperture (OA) Z-scan measurements are applied to investigate the nonlinear optical features of samples and verify the existence of plasma-induced charge transfer in the Cu1.94S-ZnS NHs system. The resulting charge transfer time (τ CT) of ∼0.091 picoseconds (ps) was confirmed by the femtosecond time-resolved pump-probe technique. Such an ultrafast charge transfer process has been rarely reported in semiconductor-semiconductor NHs. The results suggest that CE can be used as a promising tool to construct well-ordered interfacial structures, which are significant for the performance enhancement of NHs for photon utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyi Guo
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University Changsha 410083 China
- Research Institute of Resource Recycling, Central South University Changsha 410083 China
| | - Sheng Liu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University Changsha 410083 China
- Research Institute of Resource Recycling, Central South University Changsha 410083 China
| | - Weijia Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Powder Metallurgy, Powder Metallurgy Research Institute, Central South University Changsha 410083 China
- Research Institute of Resource Recycling, Central South University Changsha 410083 China
| | - Chongyao Li
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University Changsha 410083 China
- Research Institute of Resource Recycling, Central South University Changsha 410083 China
| | - Ying Yang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University Changsha 410083 China
- Research Institute of Resource Recycling, Central South University Changsha 410083 China
| | - Qinghua Tian
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University Changsha 410083 China
- Research Institute of Resource Recycling, Central South University Changsha 410083 China
| | - Yong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Powder Metallurgy, Powder Metallurgy Research Institute, Central South University Changsha 410083 China
- Research Institute of Resource Recycling, Central South University Changsha 410083 China
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16
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Gan XY, Sen R, Millstone JE. Connecting Cation Exchange and Metal Deposition Outcomes via Hume-Rothery-Like Design Rules Using Copper Selenide Nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:8137-8144. [PMID: 34019400 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Heterogenous nanomaterials containing various inorganic phases have far-reaching impacts both from the physical phenomena they reveal and the technologies they enable. While the variety and impact of these materials has been demonstrated in many reports, there is critical ambiguity in the factors that lead to major bifurcations in developing these heterostructures, for example, the formation of either mixed metal semiconductors or segregated metal-semiconductor phases. Here, we compare outcomes of independently introducing 5 different metal cations (Au3+, Ag+, Hg2+, Pd2+, and Pt2+) to antifluorite copper selenide (Cu2-xSe) nanoparticles (diameter = 52 ± 5 nm). This suite of metal cations allowed us to control for and evaluate a variety of potentially competing intrinsic system parameters including metal cation size, valency, and reduction potential as well as lattice volume change, lattice formation energy, and lattice mismatch. Upon secondary metal addition, we determined that the transformation of a cubic Cu2-xSe lattice will occur via cation exchange reaction when the change in symmetry to the resulting metal selenide phase(s) preserves mutually orthogonal lattice vectors. However, if the new lattice symmetry would be disrupted further, metal deposition is the likely outcome of secondary metal cation addition, forming metal-semiconductor heterostructures. These results suggest a synthesis design rule that relies on an intrinsic property of the material, not the reaction pathway, and indicates that more such factors may be found in other particle and synthetic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Yee Gan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Riti Sen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Jill E Millstone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States.,Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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17
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Saruyama M, Sato R, Teranishi T. Transformations of Ionic Nanocrystals via Full and Partial Ion Exchange Reactions. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:765-775. [PMID: 33533609 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusElaborate chemical synthesis methods allow the production of various types of inorganic nanocrystals (NCs) with uniform shape and size distributions. Many single-step synthesis approaches, such as the reduction of metal ions, the decomposition of metal complexes, double replacement reactions, and hydrolysis, have been adapted to promote the generation of monodisperse metal and ionic NCs. However, the question has become, how can we synthesize NCs with thermodynamically metastable phases or very complex structures? The transformation of already-synthesized NCs via elemental substitutions, such as ion exchange reactions for ionic NCs and galvanic replacement reactions for metal NCs, can overcome the difficulties facing conventional one-step syntheses. In particular, NC ion exchange reactions have been studied with numerous combinations of foreign ions and ionic NCs with various shapes. They have been investigated extensively because the reactions proceed under relatively mild conditions thanks to the large surface-to-volume ratio of the NCs relative to their bulk form. The functionality of the resulting ionic NCs, including semiconducting and plasmonic properties, can be easily tuned in a wide range, from the visible to near-infrared. Because anions generally have much larger ionic radii than cations within the frameworks of NCs, the cation exchange reactions proceed much faster than the anion exchange reactions. For ionic NCs above a critical size, the anion framework remains intact, and the original shape of the parent NCs is retained throughout the cation exchange reaction. In contrast, the anion exchange reaction often provides the new NCs with unique structures, such as hollow or anisotropically phase-segregated assemblies.This Account focuses on the full and partial ion exchange reactions involving ionic NCs, which have been thoroughly investigated by our group and others while highlighting important aspects such as the preservation of appearance and dimensions. First, we discuss how each type of ion exchange reaction progresses to understand the morphologies and crystal structures of their final products. This discussion is supported by emphasizing important examples, which help to explore the formation of NCs with thermodynamically metastable phases and complex structures, and other significant features of the ion exchange reactions leading to structure-specific functions. As a special case, we examine how the shape-dependent anionic framework (surface anion sublattice and stacking pattern) of polyhedral Cu2O NCs determines the crystalline structure of the anion-exchanged products of hollow CuxS NCs. In addition, we review the characteristic anion exchange behavior of metal halide perovskite NCs observed in our laboratory and other laboratories. Finally, a general outline of the transformation of NCs via ion exchange reactions and future prospects in this field are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Saruyama
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Ryota Sato
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Teranishi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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18
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Han H, Yao Y, Robinson RD. Interplay between Chemical Transformations and Atomic Structure in Nanocrystals and Nanoclusters. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:509-519. [PMID: 33434011 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusChemically induced transformations are postsynthetic processing reactions applied to first generation (as-synthesized) nanomaterials to modify property-defining factors such as atomic structure, chemical composition, surface chemistry, and/or morphology. Compared with conditions for direct synthesis of colloidal nanocrystals, postsynthetic chemical transformations can be conducted in relatively mild conditions with a more controllable process, which makes them suitable for the precise manipulation of nanomaterials and for trapping metastable phases that are typically inaccessible from the conventional synthetic routes. Each of the chemically induced transformations methods can result in substantial restructuring of the atomic structure, but their transformation pathways can be very different. And the converse is also true: the atomic structure of the parent material plays a large role in the pathway toward and the resulting chemically transformed product. Additionally, the characteristic length of the parent material greatly affects the structure, which affects the outcome of the reaction.In this Account, we show how the atomic structure and nanoscale size directs the product formation into materials that are inaccessible from analogous chemically transformations in bulk materials. Through examples from the three chemical transformation processes (cation/anion exchange, redox reactions, and ligand exchange and ligand etching), the effect of the atomic structure on chemical transformations is made apparent, and vice versa. For cation exchange, an anisotropic atomic lattice results in a unidirectional exchange boundary. And because the interface can extend through the full crystal, a substantial strain field can form, influencing the phase of the material. In the redox reaction that leads to the nanoscale Kirkendall effect, the atomic structure is the key to inverting the diffusion rates in a diffusion couple to form the hollow cores. And for ligand etching, if one of the materials in a heterostructure has a defected and\or defect-tolerant atomic structure, it can be preferentially etched and its atomic structure can undergo phase transformations while the other composition remains intact. For length scales, we show how the chemically induced transformations greatly differ between bulk, nanocrystal, and nanocluster characteristic sizes. For instance, the structural transformation on relatively large nanocrystals (2-100 nm) can be a continuous process when the activation volume is smaller than the nanocrystal, while for smaller nanoclusters (<2 nm) the transformation kinetics could be swift resulting in only discrete thermodynamic states. Comparing the two nanosystems (nanocrystals to small nanoclusters), we address how their atomic structural differences can direct the divergent transformation phenomena and the corresponding mechanisms. Understanding the nanoscale mechanisms of chemically induced transformations and how they differ from bulk processes is key to unlocking new science and for implementing this processing for functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixiang Han
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Yuan Yao
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Richard D. Robinson
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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19
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Abstract
![]()
Following the impressive development of bulk
lead-based perovskite
photovoltaics, the “perovskite fever” did not spare
nanochemistry. In just a few years, colloidal cesium lead halide perovskite
nanocrystals have conquered researchers worldwide with their easy
synthesis and color-pure photoluminescence. These nanomaterials promise
cheap solution-processed lasers, scintillators, and light-emitting
diodes of record brightness and efficiency. However, that promise
is threatened by poor stability and unwanted reactivity issues, throwing
down the gauntlet to chemists. More generally, Cs–Pb–X
nanocrystals have opened
an exciting chapter in the chemistry of colloidal nanocrystals, because
their ionic nature and broad diversity have challenged many paradigms
established by nanocrystals of long-studied metal chalcogenides, pnictides,
and oxides. The chemistry of colloidal Cs–Pb–X nanocrystals
is synonymous with change: these materials demonstrate an intricate
pattern of shapes and compositions and readily transform under physical
stimuli or the action of chemical agents. In this Account, we walk
through four types of Cs–Pb–X nanocrystal metamorphoses:
change of structure, color, shape, and surface. These transformations
are often interconnected; for example, a change in shape may also
entail a change of color. The ionic bonding, high anion mobility
due to vacancies, and preservation
of cationic substructure in the Cs–Pb–X compounds enable
fast anion exchange reactions, allowing the precise control of the
halide composition of nanocrystals
of perovskites and related compounds (e.g., CsPbCl3 ⇄
CsPbBr3 ⇄ CsPbI3 and Cs4PbCl6 ⇄ Cs4PbBr6 ⇄ Cs4PbI6) and tuning of their absorption edge and bright photoluminescence
across the visible spectrum. Ion exchanges, however, are just one
aspect of a richer chemistry. Cs–Pb–X nanocrystals
are able to capture or release
(in short, trade) ions or even neutral species from or to the surrounding
environment, causing major changes to their structure and properties.
The trade of neutral PbX2 units allows Cs–Pb–X
nanocrystals to cross the boundaries among four different types of
compounds: 4CsX + PbX2 ⇄ Cs4PbBr6 + 3PbX2 ⇄ 4CsPbBr3 + PbX2 ⇄ 4CsPb2X5. These reactions
do not occur at random, because the reactant and product nanocrystals
are connected by the Cs+ cation substructure preservation
principle, stating that ion trade reactions can transform one compound
into another by means of distorting, expanding, or contracting their
shared Cs+ cation substructure. The nanocrystal surface
is a boundary between the core and the
surrounding environment of Cs–Pb–X nanocrystals. The
surface influences nanocrystal stability, optical properties, and
shape. For these reasons, the dynamic surface of Cs–Pb–X
nanocrystals has been studied in detail, especially in CsPbX3 perovskites. Two takeaways have emerged from these studies. First,
the competition between primary alkylammonium and cesium cations for
the surface sites during the CsPbX3 nanocrystal nucleation
and growth governs the cube/plate shape equilibrium. Short-chain acids
and branched amines influence that equilibrium and enable shape-shifting
synthesis of pure CsPbX3 cubes, nanoplatelets, nanosheets,
or nanowires. Second, quaternary ammonium halides are emerging as
superior ligands that extend the shelf life of Cs–Pb–X
colloidal nanomaterials, boost their photoluminescence quantum yield,
and prevent foreign ions from escaping the nanocrystals. That is accomplished
by combining reduced ligand solubility, due to the branched organic
ammonium cation, with the surface-healing capabilities of the halide
counterions, which are small Lewis bases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Toso
- Department of Nanochemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
- International Doctoral Program in Science, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Dmitry Baranov
- Department of Nanochemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Liberato Manna
- Department of Nanochemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
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20
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Lei L, Huang D, Chen S, Zhang C, Chen Y, Deng R. Metal chalcogenide/oxide-based quantum dots decorated functional materials for energy-related applications: Synthesis and preservation. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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21
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Antibacterial mechanism for inactivation of E. Coli by AgNPs@polydoamine/titania nanotubes via speciation analysis of silver ions and silver nanoparticles by cation exchange reaction. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Kagan CR, Bassett LC, Murray CB, Thompson SM. Colloidal Quantum Dots as Platforms for Quantum Information Science. Chem Rev 2020; 121:3186-3233. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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23
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Steimle BC, Lord RW, Schaak RE. Phosphine-Induced Phase Transition in Copper Sulfide Nanoparticles Prior to Initiation of a Cation Exchange Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:13345-13349. [PMID: 32700901 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cation exchange reactions of colloidal copper sulfide nanoparticles are widely used to produce derivative nanoparticles having unique compositions, metastable crystal structures, and complex heterostructures. The copper sulfide crystal structure plays a key role in the mechanism by which cation exchange occurs and the product that forms. Here, we show that digenite copper sulfide nanoparticles undergo a spontaneous phase transition to tetragonal chalcocite in situ, prior to the onset of cation exchange. Room-temperature sonication of digenite (Cu1.8S) in trioctylphosphine, a Lewis base that drives cation exchange, extracts sulfur to produce tetragonal chalcocite (Cu2S). The subtle structural differences between digenite and tetragonal chalcocite are believed to influence the accessibility of cation diffusion channels and concomitantly the mechanism of cation exchange. Structural relationships in nanocrystal cation exchange are therefore dynamic, and intermediates generated in situ must be considered.
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24
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Lübkemann F, Rusch P, Getschmann S, Schremmer B, Schäfer M, Schulz M, Hoppe B, Behrens P, Bigall NC, Dorfs D. Reversible cation exchange on macroscopic CdSe/CdS and CdS nanorod based gel networks. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:5038-5047. [PMID: 32067005 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr09875e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, cation exchange reactions applied to nanoparticles have opened up synthetic pathways to nanocrystals, which were not accessible by other means before. The limitation of cation exchange on the macroscopic scale of bulk materials is given by the limited ion diffusion within the crystal structure. Lyogels or aerogels are macroscopic, highly voluminous, porous materials composed of interconnected nanoscopic building blocks and hence represent a type of bridge between the macroscopic and the nanoscopic world. To demonstrate the feasibility of cation exchange on such macroscopic nanomaterials, the cation exchange on CdSe/CdS core/shell and CdS nanorod based lyogels to Cu2-xSe/Cu2-xS and Cu2-xS and the reversible exchange back to CdSe/CdS and CdS lyogels is presented. These copper-based lyogels can also be used as an intermediate state on the way to other metal chalcogenide-based macroscopic structures. By reversed cation exchange back to cadmium an additional proof is given, that the crystal structures remain unchanged. It is shown that cation exchange reactions can also be transferred to macroscopic objects like aerogels or lyogels. This procedure additionally allows the access of aerogels which cannot be synthesized via direct destabilization of the respective colloidal solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Lübkemann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 3A, 30167 Hannover, Germany. and Laboratory of Nano and Quantum Engineering, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 39, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Pascal Rusch
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 3A, 30167 Hannover, Germany. and Laboratory of Nano and Quantum Engineering, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 39, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sven Getschmann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 3A, 30167 Hannover, Germany. and Laboratory of Nano and Quantum Engineering, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 39, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Björn Schremmer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 3A, 30167 Hannover, Germany. and Laboratory of Nano and Quantum Engineering, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 39, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Malte Schäfer
- Laboratory of Nano and Quantum Engineering, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 39, 30167 Hannover, Germany and Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 9, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Marcel Schulz
- Laboratory of Nano and Quantum Engineering, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 39, 30167 Hannover, Germany and Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 9, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Bastian Hoppe
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 9, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Behrens
- Laboratory of Nano and Quantum Engineering, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 39, 30167 Hannover, Germany and Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 9, 30167 Hannover, Germany and Cluster of Excellency PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering - Innovation Across Disciplines), Hannover, Germany
| | - Nadja C Bigall
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 3A, 30167 Hannover, Germany. and Laboratory of Nano and Quantum Engineering, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 39, 30167 Hannover, Germany and Cluster of Excellency PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering - Innovation Across Disciplines), Hannover, Germany
| | - Dirk Dorfs
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 3A, 30167 Hannover, Germany. and Laboratory of Nano and Quantum Engineering, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 39, 30167 Hannover, Germany and Cluster of Excellency PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering - Innovation Across Disciplines), Hannover, Germany
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25
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Liu J, Zhang J. Nanointerface Chemistry: Lattice-Mismatch-Directed Synthesis and Application of Hybrid Nanocrystals. Chem Rev 2020; 120:2123-2170. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Jiatao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
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26
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Li D, Huang S, Zhang X, Nazir Z, Li Y, Zhang J, Chen Y, Zhong H. Colloidal Cd xM 1-xTe Nanowires from the Visible to the Near Infrared Region: N, N-Dimethylformamide-Mediated Precise Cation Exchange. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:7-13. [PMID: 31821758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cation exchange has been a successful methodology for tuning the bandgaps of nanomaterials, while the most popular protocol in the toluene/methanol system lacks precise compositional control due to its inherent poor solvent compatibility. We herein report an alternative cation exchange route in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent for converting preformed colloidal CdTe nanowires into CdxM1-xTe (M = Pb2+, Zn2+, Ag+, Hg2+) nanowires with good batch-to-batch reproducibility. The resulting CdxM1-xTe nanowires show a tunable bandgap from 2.26 to 0.63 eV, and the energy levels of these nanowires can be finely tuned. Furthermore, a comparative study for the cation exchange of CdTe nanowires with Pb2+ ions in toluene/methanol and DMF illustrated that the reduction of Cd2+ extraction and the Pb2+ introduction barrier accounts for precise compositional control. The cation exchange reaction in the DMF phase provides an efficient way to obtain nanomaterials with precise composition control. Moreover, these available high-quality colloidal semiconductor nanowires also pave the way for near-infrared device exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Li
- MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, School of Materials Science & Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Sheng Huang
- MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, School of Materials Science & Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, School of Materials Science & Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Zahid Nazir
- MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, School of Materials Science & Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Yunchao Li
- College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Jiatao Zhang
- MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, School of Materials Science & Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Yu Chen
- MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, School of Materials Science & Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Haizheng Zhong
- MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, School of Materials Science & Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , China
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27
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Sonntag L, Shamraienko V, Fan X, Samadi Khoshkhoo M, Kneppe D, Koitzsch A, Gemming T, Hiekel K, Leo K, Lesnyak V, Eychmüller A. Colloidal PbS nanoplatelets synthesized via cation exchange for electronic applications. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:19370-19379. [PMID: 31173035 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr02437a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we present a new synthetic approach to colloidal PbS nanoplatelets (NPLs) utilizing a cation exchange (CE) strategy starting from CuS NPLs synthesized via the hot-injection method. Whereas the thickness of the resulting CuS NPLs was fixed at approx. 5 nm, the lateral size could be tuned by varying the reaction conditions, such as time from 6 to 16 h, the reaction temperature (120 °C, 140 °C), and the amount of copper precursor. In a second step, Cu+ cations were replaced with Pb2+ ions within the crystal lattice via CE. While the shape and the size of parental CuS platelets were preserved, the crystal structure was rearranged from hexagonal covellite to PbS galena, accompanied by the fragmentation of the monocrystalline phase into polycrystalline one. Afterwards a halide mediated ligand exchange (LE) was carried out in order to remove insulating oleic acid residues from the PbS NPL surface and to form stable dispersions in polar organic solvents enabling thin-film fabrication. Both CE and LE processes were monitored by several characterization techniques. Furthermore, we measured the electrical conductivity of the resulting PbS NPL-based films before and after LE and compared the processing in ambient to inert atmosphere. Finally, we fabricated field-effect transistors with an on/off ratio of up to 60 and linear charge carrier mobility for holes of 0.02 cm2 V-1 s-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Sonntag
- Physical Chemistry, TU Dresden, Bergstr. 66b, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
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28
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Chen J, Ma Q, Wu XJ, Li L, Liu J, Zhang H. Wet-Chemical Synthesis and Applications of Semiconductor Nanomaterial-Based Epitaxial Heterostructures. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2019; 11:86. [PMID: 34138028 PMCID: PMC7770813 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-019-0317-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor nanomaterial-based epitaxial heterostructures with precisely controlled compositions and morphologies are of great importance for various applications in optoelectronics, thermoelectrics, and catalysis. Until now, various kinds of epitaxial heterostructures have been constructed. In this minireview, we will first introduce the synthesis of semiconductor nanomaterial-based epitaxial heterostructures by wet-chemical methods. Various architectures based on different kinds of seeds or templates are illustrated, and their growth mechanisms are discussed in detail. Then, the applications of epitaxial heterostructures in optoelectronics, catalysis, and thermoelectrics are described. Finally, we provide some challenges and personal perspectives for the future research directions of semiconductor nanomaterial-based epitaxial heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junze Chen
- Center for Programmable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Qinglang Ma
- Center for Programmable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xue-Jun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Liuxiao Li
- Center for Programmable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jiawei Liu
- Center for Programmable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Hua Zhang
- Center for Programmable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
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29
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Zhang Y, Lu D, Gao M, Lai M, Lin J, Lei T, Lin Z, Quan LN, Yang P. Quantitative imaging of anion exchange kinetics in halide perovskites. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:12648-12653. [PMID: 31189607 PMCID: PMC6601281 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1903448116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion exchange, as a postsynthetic transformation strategy, offers more flexibilities in controlling material compositions and structures beyond direct synthetic methodology. Observation of such transformation kinetics on the single-particle level with rich spatial and spectroscopic information has never been achieved. We report the quantitative imaging of anion exchange kinetics in individual single-crystalline halide perovskite nanoplates using confocal photoluminescence microscopy. We have systematically observed a symmetrical anion exchange pathway on the nanoplates with dependence on reaction time and plate thickness, which is governed by the crystal structure and the diffusion-limited transformation mechanism. Based on a reaction-diffusion model, the halide diffusion coefficient was estimated to be on the order of [Formula: see text] This diffusion-controlled mechanism leads to the formation of 2D perovskite heterostructures with spatially resolved coherent interface through the precisely controlled anion exchange reaction, offering a design protocol for tailoring functionalities of semiconductors at the nano-/microscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Dylan Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Mengyu Gao
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Minliang Lai
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Jia Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Teng Lei
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Zhenni Lin
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Li Na Quan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Peidong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720;
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Kavli Energy Nano Science Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720
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30
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Wang H, Butler DJ, Straus DB, Oh N, Wu F, Guo J, Xue K, Lee JD, Murray CB, Kagan CR. Air-Stable CuInSe 2 Nanocrystal Transistors and Circuits via Post-Deposition Cation Exchange. ACS NANO 2019; 13:2324-2333. [PMID: 30707549 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b09055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) are a promising materials class for solution-processable, next-generation electronic devices. However, most high-performance devices and circuits have been achieved using NCs containing toxic elements, which may limit their further device development. We fabricate high mobility CuInSe2 NC field-effect transistors (FETs) using a solution-based, post-deposition, sequential cation exchange process that starts with electronically coupled, thiocyanate (SCN)-capped CdSe NC thin films. First Cu+ is substituted for Cd2+ transforming CdSe NCs to Cu-rich Cu2Se NC films. Next, Cu2Se NC films are dipped into a Na2Se solution to Se-enrich the NCs, thus compensating the Cu-rich surface, promoting fusion of the Cu2Se NCs, and providing sites for subsequent In-dopants. The liquid-coordination-complex trioctylphosphine-indium chloride (TOP-InCl3) is used as a source of In3+ to partially exchange and n-dope CuInSe2 NC films. We demonstrate Al2O3-encapsulated, air-stable CuInSe2 NC FETs with linear (saturation) electron mobilities of 8.2 ± 1.8 cm2/(V s) (10.5 ± 2.4 cm2/(V s)) and with current modulation of 105, comparable to that for high-performance Cd-, Pb-, and As-based NC FETs. The CuInSe2 NC FETs are used as building blocks of integrated inverters to demonstrate their promise for low-cost, low-toxicity NC circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nuri Oh
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering , Hanyang University , Seoul 133-791 , Republic of Korea
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31
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Hughes KE, Ostheller SR, Nelson HD, Gamelin DR. Copper's Role in the Photoluminescence of Ag 1- xCu xInS 2 Nanocrystals, from Copper-Doped AgInS 2 ( x ∼ 0) to CuInS 2 ( x = 1). NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:1318-1325. [PMID: 30584807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A series of Ag1- xCu xInS2 nanocrystals (NCs) spanning from 0 ≤ x ≤ ∼1 was synthesized by partial cation exchange to identify copper's contributions to the electronic structure and spectroscopic properties of these NCs. Discrete midgap states appear above the valence band upon doping AgInS2 NCs with Cu+ (small x). Density functional theory calculations confirm that these midgap states are associated with the 3d valence orbitals of the Cu+ impurities. With increasing x, these impurity d levels gradually evolve to become the valence-band edge of CuInS2 NCs, but the highest-occupied orbital's description does not change significantly across the entire range of x. In contrast with this gradual evolution, Ag1- xCu xInS2 NC photoluminescence shifts rapidly with initial additions of Cu+ (small x) but then becomes independent of x beyond x > ∼0.20, all the way to CuInS2 ( x = 1.00). Data analysis suggests small but detectable hole delocalization in the luminescent excited state of CuInS2 NCs, estimated by Monte Carlo simulations to involve at most about four copper ions. These results provide unique insights into the luminescent excited states of these materials and they reinforce the description of CuInS2 NCs as "heavily copper-doped NCs" in which photogenerated holes are rapidly localized in copper 3d-based orbitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira E Hughes
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195-1700 , United States
| | - Sarah R Ostheller
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195-1700 , United States
| | - Heidi D Nelson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195-1700 , United States
| | - Daniel R Gamelin
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195-1700 , United States
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32
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Liu Q, Lin Y, Xiong J, Wu L, Hou X, Xu K, Zheng C. Disposable Paper-Based Analytical Device for Visual Speciation Analysis of Ag(I) and Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs). Anal Chem 2019; 91:3359-3366. [PMID: 30688069 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A disposable, instrument-free, height readout paper-based analytical device (HR-PAD) based on a paper strip inkjet-printed with CdTe quantum dots (QDs) was developed for the sensitive speciation analysis of Ag+ and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). When the paper strip is immersed into a sample solution, capillary action draws it through the surface and any Ag+ in the solution quenches the fluorescence of CdTe QDs via a cation exchange reaction between Ag+ and the CdTe QDs, with the height of the quenched band being proportional to the concentration of Ag+. In contrast, fluorescence quenching cannot be observed when only AgNPs are present in solution. Thus, the concentration of AgNPs can be obtained by subtracting the Ag+ content from the total silver determined by the HR-PAD after digestion with HNO3. Under optimized conditions, the methodology provides high selectivity, sensitivity, and accuracy for the detection of Ag+ or AgNPs in various samples, even at concentrations as low as 0.05 mg L-1. Precisions of 4.5% and 2.2% RSDs were achieved at concentrations of 1 mg L-1 and 7 mg L-1 of Ag+, respectively. Compared to conventional methods, this approach is inexpensive and user-friendly and eliminates the need for expensive and sophisticated detection instruments. The practicality of the method was demonstrated via the speciation analysis of AgNPs and Ag+ in river water and 12 commercial products with satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinlei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610064 , China
| | - Yao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610064 , China
| | - Jing Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610064 , China
| | - Li Wu
- Analytical & Testing Center , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610064 , China
| | - Xiandeng Hou
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610064 , China.,Analytical & Testing Center , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610064 , China
| | - Kailai Xu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610064 , China
| | - Chengbin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610064 , China
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33
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Bai X, Purcell-Milton F, Gun'ko YK. Optical Properties, Synthesis, and Potential Applications of Cu-Based Ternary or Quaternary Anisotropic Quantum Dots, Polytypic Nanocrystals, and Core/Shell Heterostructures. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9010085. [PMID: 30634642 PMCID: PMC6359286 DOI: 10.3390/nano9010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This review summaries the optical properties, recent progress in synthesis, and a range of applications of luminescent Cu-based ternary or quaternary quantum dots (QDs). We first present the unique optical properties of the Cu-based multicomponent QDs, regarding their emission mechanism, high photoluminescent quantum yields (PLQYs), size-dependent bandgap, composition-dependent bandgap, broad emission range, large Stokes’ shift, and long photoluminescent (PL) lifetimes. Huge progress has taken place in this area over the past years, via detailed experimenting and modelling, giving a much more complete understanding of these nanomaterials and enabling the means to control and therefore take full advantage of their important properties. We then fully explore the techniques to prepare the various types of Cu-based ternary or quaternary QDs (including anisotropic nanocrystals (NCs), polytypic NCs, and spherical, nanorod and tetrapod core/shell heterostructures) are introduced in subsequent sections. To date, various strategies have been employed to understand and control the QDs distinct and new morphologies, with the recent development of Cu-based nanorod and tetrapod structure synthesis highlighted. Next, we summarize a series of applications of these luminescent Cu-based anisotropic and core/shell heterostructures, covering luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs), bioimaging and light emitting diodes (LEDs). Finally, we provide perspectives on the overall current status, challenges, and future directions in this field. The confluence of advances in the synthesis, properties, and applications of these Cu-based QDs presents an important opportunity to a wide-range of fields and this piece gives the reader the knowledge to grasp these exciting developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bai
- School of Chemistry and CRANN Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Finn Purcell-Milton
- School of Chemistry and CRANN Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Yuri K Gun'ko
- School of Chemistry and CRANN Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland.
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34
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Fenton JL, Steimle BC, Schaak RE. Structure-Selective Synthesis of Wurtzite and Zincblende ZnS, CdS, and CuInS 2 Using Nanoparticle Cation Exchange Reactions. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:672-678. [PMID: 30525523 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
For polymorphic solid-state systems containing multiple distinct crystal structures of the same composition, identifying rational pathways to selectively target one particular structure is an important synthetic capability. Cation exchange reactions can transform a growing library of metal chalcogenide nanocrystals into different phases by replacing the cation sublattice, often while retaining morphology and crystal structure. However, only a few examples have been demonstrated where multiple distinct phases in a polymorphic system could be selectively accessed using nanocrystal cation exchange reactions. Here, we show that roxbyite (hexagonal) and digenite (cubic) Cu2- xS nanoparticles transform upon cation exchange with Cd2+, Zn2+, and In3+ to wurtzite (hexagonal) and zincblende (cubic) CdS, ZnS, and CuInS2, respectively. These products retain the anion and cation sublattice features programmed into the copper sulfide template, and each phase forms to the exclusion of other known crystal structures. These results significantly expand the scope of structure-selective cation exchange reactions in polymorphic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie L Fenton
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Research Institute , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - Benjamin C Steimle
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Research Institute , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - Raymond E Schaak
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Research Institute , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
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35
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Bai X, Ji M, Xu M, Su N, Zhang J, Wang J, Zhu C, Yao Y, Li B. Synthesis of M-doped (M = Ag, Cu, In) Bi2Te3 nanoplates via a solvothermal method and cation exchange reaction. Inorg Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qi00116f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cation-doped Bi2Te3 nanoplates were prepared via a cation exchange reaction between a cation solution and a Bi2Te3 nanoplate colloid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyun Bai
- Graduate School at Shenzhen
- Tsinghua University
- Shenzhen 518055
- P.R. China
| | - Muwei Ji
- Graduate School at Shenzhen
- Tsinghua University
- Shenzhen 518055
- P.R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction-Tailorable
| | - Meng Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction-Tailorable
- Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing
| | - Ning Su
- Graduate School at Shenzhen
- Tsinghua University
- Shenzhen 518055
- P.R. China
| | - Jiatao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction-Tailorable
- Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications
- School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing
| | - Jin Wang
- Graduate School at Shenzhen
- Tsinghua University
- Shenzhen 518055
- P.R. China
| | - Caizhen Zhu
- Institute of Low-dimensional Materials Genome Initiative
- College of chemistry and environmental engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Guangdong
- P. R. China
| | - Youwei Yao
- Graduate School at Shenzhen
- Tsinghua University
- Shenzhen 518055
- P.R. China
| | - Bo Li
- Graduate School at Shenzhen
- Tsinghua University
- Shenzhen 518055
- P.R. China
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36
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Jharimune S, Sathe AA, Rioux RM. Thermochemical Measurements of Cation Exchange in CdSe Nanocrystals Using Isothermal Titration Calorimetry. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:6795-6803. [PMID: 30160126 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b02661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Among the various reported post synthetic modifications of colloidal nanocrystals, cation exchange (CE) is one of the most promising and versatile approaches for the synthesis of nanostructures that cannot be directly synthesized from their constitutive precursors. Numerous studies have reported on the qualitative analysis of these reactions, but rigorous quantitative study of the thermodynamics of CE in colloidal nanoparticles is still lacking. We demonstrate using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), the thermodynamics of the CE between cadmium selenide (CdSe) nanocrystals and silver in solution can be quantified. We survey the influence of CdSe nanocrystal diameter, capping ligands and temperature on the thermodynamics of the exchange reaction. Results obtained from ITC provide a detailed description of overall thermodynamic parameters-equilibrium constant ( K eq), enthalpy (Δ H), entropy (Δ S) and stoichiometry ( n)-of the exchange reaction. We compared the free energy change of reaction (Δ G) between CdSe and Ag+ obtained directly from ITC for both CdSe bulk and nanoparticles with values calculated from previously reported methods. While the calculated value is closer to the experimentally obtained Δ G rxn for bulk particles, nanocrystals show an additional Gibbs free energy stabilization of ∼-14 kJ/mol Se. We discuss a thermochemical cycle elucidating the steps involved in the overall cation exchange process. This work demonstrates the application of ITC to probe the thermochemistry of nanoscale transformations under relevant solution conditions.
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37
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Shang H, Di Q, Ji M, Bai B, Liu J, Chen W, Xu M, Rong H, Liu J, Zhang J. From Indium-Doped Ag2
S to AgInS2
Nanocrystals: Low-Temperature In Situ Conversion of Colloidal Ag2
S Nanoparticles and Their NIR Fluorescence. Chemistry 2018; 24:13676-13680. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huishan Shang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction-Tailorable, Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications; School of Materials Science & Engineering; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing 10081 P.R. China
| | - Qiumei Di
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction-Tailorable, Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications; School of Materials Science & Engineering; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing 10081 P.R. China
| | - Muwei Ji
- Graduate School at Shenzhen; Tsinghua University; Shenzhen 518055 P.R. China
| | - Bing Bai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction-Tailorable, Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications; School of Materials Science & Engineering; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing 10081 P.R. China
| | - Jiajia Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction-Tailorable, Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications; School of Materials Science & Engineering; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing 10081 P.R. China
| | - Wenxing Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction-Tailorable, Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications; School of Materials Science & Engineering; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing 10081 P.R. China
| | - Meng Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction-Tailorable, Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications; School of Materials Science & Engineering; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing 10081 P.R. China
| | - Hongpan Rong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction-Tailorable, Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications; School of Materials Science & Engineering; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing 10081 P.R. China
| | - Jia Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction-Tailorable, Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications; School of Materials Science & Engineering; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing 10081 P.R. China
| | - Jiatao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction-Tailorable, Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications; School of Materials Science & Engineering; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing 10081 P.R. China
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38
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Banerjee P, Jain PK. Lithiation of Copper Selenide Nanocrystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:9315-9319. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Progna Banerjee
- Department of Physics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Prashant K. Jain
- Department of Physics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 600 Matthews Ave Urbana IL 61801 USA
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39
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40
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Giri A, Park G, Yang H, Pal M, Kwak J, Jeong U. Synthesis of 2D Metal Chalcogenide Thin Films through the Process Involving Solution-Phase Deposition. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1707577. [PMID: 29687479 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201707577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
2D metal chalcogenide thin films have recently attracted considerable attention owing to their unique physicochemical properties and great potential in a variety of applications. Synthesis of large-area 2D metal chalcogenide thin films in controllable ways remains a key challenge in this research field. Recently, the solution-based synthesis of 2D metal chalcogenide thin films has emerged as an alternative approach to vacuum-based synthesis because it is relatively simple and easy to scale up for high-throughput production. In addition, solution-based thin films open new opportunities that cannot be achieved from vacuum-based thin films. Here, a comprehensive summary regarding the basic structures and properties of different types of 2D metal chalcogenides, the mechanistic details of the chemical reactions in the synthesis of the metal chalcogenide thin films, recent successes in the synthesis by different reaction approaches, and the applications and potential uses is provided. In the last perspective section, the technical challenges to be overcome and the future research directions in the solution-based synthesis of 2D metal chalcogenides are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Giri
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Cheongam-Ro 77, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 790-784, Korea
| | - Gyeongbae Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Cheongam-Ro 77, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 790-784, Korea
| | - Heeseung Yang
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seoul, 120-749, Korea
| | - Monalisa Pal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Cheongam-Ro 77, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 790-784, Korea
| | - Junghyeok Kwak
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Cheongam-Ro 77, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 790-784, Korea
| | - Unyong Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Cheongam-Ro 77, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 790-784, Korea
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Abstract
Abstract
Highly crystalline vertically aligned Ag2S/CdS heterostructured nanosheets with lateral sizes of several micrometers and thicknesses of a few nanometers are prepared directly on silver surfaces by a two-step process. Firstly, Ag2S sheets were prepared by direct reaction of partially dissolved elementary sulfur in methanol with a solid silver surface in methanol at room temperature. The second step involves a self-limited cation exchange of Ag+ vs. Cd2+ to achieve the formation of large-area Ag2S/CdS heteronanosheets on the solid substrate. The cation exchange was proven and investigated over time via several analytical methods, e.g. X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and three-dimensional photoluminescence mapping.
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42
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Jang Y, Shapiro A, Horani F, Kauffmann Y, Lifshitz E. Towards Low-Toxic Colloidal Quantum Dots. Z PHYS CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-2018-1148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are of enormous interest in the scientific and engineering fields. During the past few decades, significant efforts have been conducted in investigating Cd- and Pb-based CQDs, resulting in excellent photoluminescence (PL) properties and impressive performance in various applications. But the high toxicity of Cd and Pb elements pushed the scientific community to explore low-toxic CQDs excluding poisonous heavy metals. Several semiconductor materials with lower toxicity than Cd and Pb species have been proposed. This article presents a short overview of recent efforts involving low-toxic CQDs, focusing especially on IV–VI and III–V semiconductors which are active in the near- and short-wave-infrared (IR) regimes. Recent achievements pertinent to Sn- and In-based CQDs are highlighted as representative examples. Finally, limitations and future challenges are discussed in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjin Jang
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Nancy and Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 3200003 , Israel
| | - Arthur Shapiro
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Nancy and Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 3200003 , Israel
| | - Faris Horani
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Nancy and Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 3200003 , Israel
| | - Yaron Kauffmann
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 3200003 , Israel
| | - Efrat Lifshitz
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Nancy and Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 3200003 , Israel
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Agarwal R, Krook NM, Ren ML, Tan LZ, Liu W, Rappe AM, Agarwal R. Anion Exchange in II-VI Semiconducting Nanostructures via Atomic Templating. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:1620-1627. [PMID: 29406729 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Controlled chemical transformation of nanostructures is a promising technique to obtain precisely designed novel materials, which are difficult to synthesize otherwise. We report high-temperature vapor-phase anion-exchange reactions to chemically transform II-VI semiconductor nanostructures (100-300 nm length scale) while retaining the single crystallinity, crystal structure, morphology, and even defect distribution of the parent material via atomic templating. The concept of atomic templating is employed to obtain kinetically controlled, thermodynamically metastable structural phases such as zincblende CdSe and CdS from zincblende CdTe upon complete chemical replacement of Te with Se or S. The underlying transformation mechanisms are explained through first-principles density functional theory calculations. Atomic templating is a unique path to independently tune materials' phase and composition at the nanoscale, allowing the synthesis of novel materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Agarwal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Nadia M Krook
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Ming-Liang Ren
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Liang Z Tan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104-6323 , United States
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Andrew M Rappe
- Department of Chemistry , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104-6323 , United States
| | - Ritesh Agarwal
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
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Lateral epitaxial heterojunctions in single nanowires fabricated by masked cation exchange. Nat Commun 2018; 9:505. [PMID: 29410426 PMCID: PMC5802801 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-02878-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cation exchange is a versatile tool to control the composition of nanocrystals, and recently deterministic patterning could be achieved by combining it with lithography techniques. Regarding single nanocrystal structures, such spatial control of cation exchange enables the design of heterostructures, which can be integrated in functional optoelectronic elements. In this work, we fabricate nanowire CdSe/Cu2Se heterojunctions by masking cation exchange via electron-beam irradiation, such that cation exchange proceeds only in the non-irradiated sections. Interestingly, the heterojunction interfaces are almost atomically sharp, and the adjacent CdSe and Cu2Se domains exhibit epitaxial relationships. We show that the cation exchange at the CdSe/Cu2Se interface is only possible if the displaced Cd2+ ions can radially out-diffuse to the solution phase. If this exit pathway is blocked, the cation exchange cannot occur. Our technique allows one to transform already contacted single nanowires, and the obtained heterojunction nanowires manifest a noticeable gain in conductance. Lateral structuring of the chemical composition of nanowires can enhance their functionality for photoconductive devices. Here, the authors fabricate CdSe/Cu2Se nanowire heterojunctions with atomically sharp interfaces and epitaxial relationships by a masked cation exchange approach.
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Enright MJ, Cossairt BM. Synthesis of tailor-made colloidal semiconductor heterostructures. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:7109-7122. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc03498b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This feature article provides an account of the various bottom-up and top-down methods that have been developed to prepare colloidal heterostructures and highlights the benefits of a seeded assembly approach for greater control and customizability.
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Banerjee P, Jain PK. Mechanism of sulfidation of small zinc oxide nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2018; 8:34476-34482. [PMID: 35548607 PMCID: PMC9087119 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra06949b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ZnO has industrial utility as a solid sorbent for the removal of polluting sulfur compounds from petroleum-based fuels. Small ZnO nanoparticles may be more effective in terms of sorption capacity and ease of sulfidation as compared to bulk ZnO. Motivated by this promise, here, we study the sulfidation of ZnO NPs and uncover the solid-state mechanism of the process by crystallographic and optical absorbance characterization. The wurtzite-structure ZnO NPs undergo complete sulfidation to yield ZnS NPs with a drastically different zincblende structure. However, in the early stages, the ZnO NP lattice undergoes only substitutional doping by sulfur, while retaining its wurtzite structure. Above a threshold sulfur-doping level of 30 mol%, separate zincblende ZnS grains nucleate, which grow at the expense of the ZnO NPs, finally yielding ZnS NPs. Thus, the full oxide to sulfide transformation cannot be viewed simply as a topotactic place-exchange of anions. The product ZnS NPs formed by nucleation-growth share neither the crystallographic structure nor the size of the initial ZnO NPs. The reaction mechanism may inform the future design of nanostructured ZnO sorbents. In the sulfidation of small ZnO nanoparticles, the nanoparticles first undergo sulfur doping followed by the nucleation-growth of ZnS domains.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Progna Banerjee
- Department of Physics
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Urbana
- USA
| | - Prashant K. Jain
- Department of Physics
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Urbana
- USA
- Department of Chemistry
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Naushad M, Khan MR, Bhande SS, Shaikh SF, Alfadul SM, Shinde PV, Mane RS. High current density cation-exchanged SnO 2–CdSe/ZnSe and SnO 2–CdSe/SnSe quantum-dot photoelectrochemical cells. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj01409d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The 9.74 mA cm−2 current density of SnO2–CdSe photoanode is enhanced to 19.82 and 28.40 mA cm−2 on SnO2–CdSe/ZnSe and SnO2–CdSe/SnSe surface modifications, respectively, through a process of cation-exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu. Naushad
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- Bld#5
- King Saud University
- Riyadh
| | - M. R. Khan
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- Bld#5
- King Saud University
- Riyadh
| | | | | | - S. M. Alfadul
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology
- Riyadh
- Saudi Arabia
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Rudra S, Debnath GH, Mukherjee P. Role of reactant concentration and identity of added cation in controlling emission from post-synthetically modified terbium incorporated zinc sulfide nanoparticles: an avenue for the detection of lead(ii) cations. RSC Adv 2018; 8:18093-18108. [PMID: 35542071 PMCID: PMC9080542 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02403k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This work reports the photophysical properties of 1-thioglycerol capped hydrophilic terbium cation incorporated (doped) zinc sulfide [Zn(Tb)S] nanoparticles, which have been post-synthetically modified using Pb2+ [Zn(Tb)S/Pb] under ambient conditions with [Zn(Tb)S] : [Pb2+] = 1 : 10−5–1 : 10, essentially providing a scenario with low to heavy co-doping and ultimately the possibility of forming a material of different chemical identity. The effects of selected concentrations of [Zn(Tb)S] : [Mn+] = 1 : 1 and 1 : 10−2 have also been evaluated for the post-synthetic addition of Hg2+, Cd2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+. The broad zinc sulfide nanoparticle and sharp Tb3+ emission have different dependence on the relative reactant concentration, with cation identity playing a significant role. The underlying photophysical processes have been rationalized based on the interplay among the (i) cation exchange, (ii) modification of the structural properties of the nanoparticles without necessarily exchanging the cations and (iii) emission enhancement of terbium dopants. In cases where Tb3+ emission is apparent, all the nanoparticles studied demonstrate an optical antenna effect, thus accessing a lower Tb3+ concentration regime compared to in bulk environments. The results presented provide an avenue for the detection of heavy metal ions in general and Pb2+ in particular, with a limit of detection that is at least in the range of sub-ppm, using either the broad ZnS or sharp Tb3+ emission, respectively. This strategy provides an avenue to combine (i) the extremely sensitive and easily accessible analytical technique of photoluminescence spectroscopy, (ii) post-synthetic modification reactions in semiconductor nanoparticles that can be performed with less experimental demand, (iii) time-gated measurement related to the longer luminescence lifetime of terbium cations and (iv) the simultaneous use of broad ZnS nanoparticle and sharp Tb3+ emission from the same assembly, helping eliminate false positive results. Reactant concentration and the identity of the added cation control the emission in post-synthetically modified terbium incorporated zinc sulfide nanoparticles.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Saoni Rudra
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata-700106
- India
| | - Gouranga H. Debnath
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata-700106
- India
| | - Prasun Mukherjee
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata-700106
- India
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49
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Kim D, Lee YK, Lee D, Kim WD, Bae WK, Lee DC. Colloidal Dual-Diameter and Core-Position-Controlled Core/Shell Cadmium Chalcogenide Nanorods. ACS NANO 2017; 11:12461-12472. [PMID: 29131591 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b06542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
To capitalize on shape- and structure-dependent properties of semiconductor nanorods (NRs), high-precision control and exquisite design of their growth are desired. Cadmium chalcogenide (CdE; E = S or Se) NRs are the most studied class of such, whose growth exhibits axial anisotropy, i.e., different growth rates along the opposite directions of {0001} planes. However, the mechanism behind asymmetric axial growth of NRs remains unclear because of the difficulty in instant analysis of growth surfaces. Here, we design colloidal dual-diameter semiconductor NRs (DDNRs) under the quantum confinement regime, which have two sections along the long axis with different diameters. The segmentation of the DDNRs allows rigorous assessment of the kinetics of NR growth at a molecular level. The reactivity of a terminal facet passivated by an organic ligand is governed by monomer diffusivity through the surface ligand monolayer. Therefore, the growth rate in two polar directions can be finely tuned by controlling the strength of ligand-ligand attraction at end surfaces. Building on these findings, we report the synthesis of single-diameter CdSe/CdS core/shell NRs with CdSe cores of controllable position, which reveals a strong structure-optical polarization relationship. The understanding of the NR growth mechanism with controllable anisotropy will serve as a cornerstone for the exquisite design of more complex anisotropic nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahin Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST Institute for the NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Young Kuk Lee
- Advanced Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) , Daejeon 34114, Korea
| | - Dongkyu Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST Institute for the NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Whi Dong Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST Institute for the NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Wan Ki Bae
- Photoelectronic Hybrids Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) , Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Doh C Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, KAIST Institute for the NanoCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) , Daejeon 34141, Korea
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Huang K, Deng W, Dai R, Wang X, Xiong Q, Yuan Q, Jiang X, Yuan X, Xiong X. Ultrasensitive speciation analysis of silver ions and silver nanoparticles with a CdSe quantum dots immobilized filter by Cation exchange reaction. Microchem J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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