1
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Cho H, Kwon HY, Kim Y, Kim K, Lee EJ, Kang NY, Chang YT. Development of a Mature B Lymphocyte Probe through Gating-Oriented Live-Cell Distinction (GOLD) and Selective Imaging of Topical Spleen. JACS AU 2024; 4:1450-1457. [PMID: 38665660 PMCID: PMC11040558 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
B lymphocytes play a pivotal role in the adaptive immune system by facilitating antibody production. Young B cell progenitors originate in the bone marrow and migrate to the spleen for antigen-dependent maturation, leading to the development of diverse B cell subtypes. Thus, tracking B cell trajectories through cell type distinction is essential for an appropriate checkpoint assessment. Despite its significance, monitoring specific B cell subclasses in live states has been hindered by a lack of suitable molecular tools. In this study, we introduce CDoB as the first mature B cell-selective probe, enabling real-time discrimination of three classified stages in B-cell development: progenitor, transitional, and mature B cells, through a single analysis using CyTOF. The selective mechanism of CDoB, elucidated as gating-oriented live-cell distinction (GOLD), targets SLC25A16, identified through systematic screening of SLC-CRISPRa and CRISPRi libraries. CDoB selectively brightens mature B cells in the mitochondrial area using SLC25A16 as the main gate, and the staining intensity correlates positively with the expression level of SLC25A16 along the B cell maturation continuum. In spleen tissues, CDoB demonstrates selective marking in mature B cell areas in live tissue status, representing the first performance achieved by a small-molecule fluorescent probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heewon Cho
- Department
of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science
and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Haw-Young Kwon
- Department
of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science
and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37673, Republic of Korea
- Center
for Self-Assembly and Complexity, Institute
for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsook Kim
- Endocrinology,
Institute of Endocrine Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungwon Kim
- Endocrinology,
Institute of Endocrine Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jig Lee
- Endocrinology,
Institute of Endocrine Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Young Kang
- Department
of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University
of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Tae Chang
- Department
of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science
and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37673, Republic of Korea
- Center
for Self-Assembly and Complexity, Institute
for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37673, Republic of Korea
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2
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Alabed HBR, Pellegrino RM, Buratta S, Lema Fernandez AG, La Starza R, Urbanelli L, Mecucci C, Emiliani C, Gorello P. Metabolic Profiling as an Approach to Differentiate T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cell Lines Belonging to the Same Genetic Subgroup. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3921. [PMID: 38612731 PMCID: PMC11011837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive tumor mainly affecting children and adolescents. It is driven by multiple genetic mutations that together define the leukemic phenotype. Interestingly, based on genetic alterations and/or deregulated expression, at least six genetic subgroups have been recognized. The TAL/LMO subgroup is one of the most represented genetic subgroups, characterizing 30-45% of pediatric T-ALL cases. The study of lipid and metabolic profiles is increasingly recognized as a valuable tool for comprehending the development and progression of tumors. In this study, metabolic and lipidomic analysis via LC/MS have been carried out on four T-ALL cell lines belonging to the TAL/LMO subgroup (Jurkat, Molt-4, Molt-16, and CCRF-CEM) to identify new potential metabolic biomarkers and to provide a subclassification of T-ALL cell lines belonging to the same subgroup. A total of 343 metabolites were annotated, including 126 polar metabolites and 217 lipid molecules. The statistical analysis, for both metabolic and lipid profiles, shows significant differences and similarities among the four cell lines. The Molt-4 cell line is the most distant cell line and CCRF-CEM shows a high activity in specific pathways when compared to the other cell lines, while Molt-16 and Jurkat show a similar metabolic profile. Additionally, this study highlighted the pathways that differ in each cell line and the possible enzymes involved using bioinformatic tools, capable of predicting the pathways involved by studying the differences in the metabolic profiles. This experiment offers an approach to differentiate T-ALL cell lines and could open the way to verify and confirm the obtained results directly in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husam B. R. Alabed
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy (R.M.P.); (S.B.); (L.U.)
| | - Roberto Maria Pellegrino
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy (R.M.P.); (S.B.); (L.U.)
| | - Sandra Buratta
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy (R.M.P.); (S.B.); (L.U.)
- Centro di Eccellenza sui Materiali Innovativi Nanostrutturati (CEMIN), University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Anair Graciela Lema Fernandez
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine (CREO), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (A.G.L.F.); (C.M.)
| | - Roberta La Starza
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine (CREO), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (A.G.L.F.); (C.M.)
| | - Lorena Urbanelli
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy (R.M.P.); (S.B.); (L.U.)
- Centro di Eccellenza sui Materiali Innovativi Nanostrutturati (CEMIN), University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Cristina Mecucci
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine (CREO), Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (A.G.L.F.); (C.M.)
| | - Carla Emiliani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy (R.M.P.); (S.B.); (L.U.)
- Centro di Eccellenza sui Materiali Innovativi Nanostrutturati (CEMIN), University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Gorello
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy (R.M.P.); (S.B.); (L.U.)
- Centro di Eccellenza sui Materiali Innovativi Nanostrutturati (CEMIN), University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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3
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Kwon HY, Chang YT, Kang NY. Discovery of Live Cell Selective Fluorescent Probes and Elucidation of Their Mechanisms: Case Study of B Cell Selective Probe CDgB. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2779:305-321. [PMID: 38526792 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3738-8_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The development of small-molecule fluorescent probes for specific immune cell identification offers an economical alternative to expensive antibodies. Moreover, it enables the identification of live target cells and provides insights into the distinct properties of cells, leveraging their specific staining mechanisms. This chapter presents a comprehensive elucidation of the methodology employed for screening fluorescent compounds using flow cytometry measurements. A novel analytical approach is proposed to distinguish a fluorescent compound with a specific carbon length for B lymphocytes, involving an assessment of the staining index and the predominant ratio of immune cells. Moreover, a protocol is presented for investigating the staining mechanisms of these probes by employing cell mimicking models such as small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Haw-Young Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
- SenPro, C5 building, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea
| | - Young-Tae Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
- SenPro, C5 building, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea
| | - Nam-Young Kang
- SenPro, C5 building, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea.
- Department of Creative IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, South Korea.
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4
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Breton V, Nazac P, Boulet D, Danglot L. Molecular mapping of neuronal architecture using STORM microscopy and new fluorescent probes for SMLM imaging. NEUROPHOTONICS 2024; 11:014414. [PMID: 38464866 PMCID: PMC10923464 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.11.1.014414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Imaging neuronal architecture has been a recurrent challenge over the years, and the localization of synaptic proteins is a frequent challenge in neuroscience. To quantitatively detect and analyze the structure of synapses, we recently developed free SODA software to detect the association of pre and postsynaptic proteins. To fully take advantage of spatial distribution analysis in complex cells, such as neurons, we also selected some new dyes for plasma membrane labeling. Using Icy SODA plugin, we could detect and analyze synaptic association in both conventional and single molecule localization microscopy, giving access to a molecular map at the nanoscale level. To replace those molecular distributions within the neuronal three-dimensional (3D) shape, we used MemBright probes and 3D STORM analysis to decipher the entire 3D shape of various dendritic spine types at the single-molecule resolution level. We report here the example of synaptic proteins within neuronal mask, but these tools have a broader spectrum of interest since they can be used whatever the proteins or the cellular type. Altogether with SODA plugin, MemBright probes thus provide the perfect toolkit to decipher a nanometric molecular map of proteins within a 3D cellular context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Breton
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, Membrane Traffic in Healthy and Diseased Brain, Paris, France
| | - Paul Nazac
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, Membrane Traffic in Healthy and Diseased Brain, Paris, France
| | - David Boulet
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, Membrane Traffic in Healthy and Diseased Brain, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, NeurImag Core Facility, Paris, France
| | - Lydia Danglot
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, Membrane Traffic in Healthy and Diseased Brain, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, NeurImag Core Facility, Paris, France
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5
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Zhang Z, Gao C, Lu Z, Xie X, You J, Li Z. Sunlight-directed fluorophore-switch in photosynthesis of cyanine subcellular organelle markers for bio-imaging. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 237:115485. [PMID: 37348191 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
The photoconvertible fluorophore synthesis enables the light controlled imaging channels switch for accurate tracking the quantity and localization of intracellular biomolecules in chemical biology. Herein, we repurposed the photochemistry of Fischer's base and developed a sunlight-directed fluorophore-switch strategy for high-efficiency trimethine cyanine (Cy3.5/Cy3) synthesis. The unexpected sunlight-directed photoconversion of Fischer's base proceeds in conventional solvents and accelerates in chloroform via photo-oxidation and hydrogen atom transfer without using extra additives, and the heterogenous dimerization mechanism was proposed and confirmed by isolation of the reactive intermediates. The reliable strategy is employed in the photosynthesis of commercially available cytomembrane marker (DiI) and other cyanine based organelle markers with appreciable yields. Sunlight-controlled fluorophore-switch of subcellular organelle markers in living cells validated the feasibility of our strategy with cell-tolerant character. Moreover, remote control synthesis of Cy3.5 in vivo directed via sunlight further demonstrated the extended application of our strategy. Therefore, this sunlight-directed strategy will facilitate exploitation of cyanine-based probes with switched fluorescence imaging channels and further enable precise description of the dynamic variations in living cells with minimal autofluorescence and cellular disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Chunyu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Zhihao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, PR China
| | - Xiunan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, PR China
| | - Jinmao You
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, PR China
| | - Zan Li
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
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6
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Bertolini M, Wong MS, Mendive-Tapia L, Vendrell M. Smart probes for optical imaging of T cells and screening of anti-cancer immunotherapies. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:5352-5372. [PMID: 37376918 PMCID: PMC10424634 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00928e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
T cells are an essential part of the immune system with crucial roles in adaptive response and the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Depending on their microenvironment, T cells can be differentiated into multiple states with distinct functions. This myriad of cellular activities have prompted the development of numerous smart probes, ranging from small molecule fluorophores to nanoconstructs with variable molecular architectures and fluorescence emission mechanisms. In this Tutorial Review, we summarize recent efforts in the design, synthesis and application of smart probes for imaging T cells in tumors and inflammation sites by targeting metabolic and enzymatic biomarkers as well as specific surface receptors. Finally, we briefly review current strategies for how smart probes are employed to monitor the response of T cells to anti-cancer immunotherapies. We hope that this Review may help chemists, biologists and immunologists to design the next generation of molecular imaging probes for T cells and anti-cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bertolini
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, UK.
- IRR Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Man Sing Wong
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, UK.
- IRR Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lorena Mendive-Tapia
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, UK.
- IRR Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marc Vendrell
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, UK.
- IRR Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Edinburgh, UK
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7
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Serrano-Buitrago S, Muñoz-Úbeda M, Almendro-Vedia VG, Sánchez-Camacho J, Maroto BL, Moreno F, Bañuelos J, García-Moreno I, López-Montero I, de la Moya S. Polar ammoniostyryls easily converting a clickable lipophilic BODIPY in an advanced plasma membrane probe. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:2108-2114. [PMID: 36808432 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02516g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
A very simple, small and symmetric, but highly bright, photostable and functionalizable molecular probe for plasma membrane (PM) has been developed from an accessible, lipophilic and clickable organic dye based on BODIPY. To this aim, two lateral polar ammoniostyryl groups were easily linked to increase the amphiphilicity of the probe and thus its lipid membrane partitioning. Compared to the BODIPY precursor, the transversal diffusion across lipid bilayers of the ammoniostyryled BODIPY probe was highly reduced, as evidenced by fluorescence confocal microscopy on model membranes built up as giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). Moreover, the ammoniostyryl groups endow the new BODIPY probe with the ability to optically work (excitation and emission) in the bioimaging-useful red region, as shown by staining of the plasma membrane of living mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Upon incubation, this fluorescent probe rapidly entered the cell through the endosomal pathway. By blocking the endocytic trafficking at 4 °C, the probe was confined within the PM of MEFs. Our experiments show the developed ammoniostyrylated BODIPY as a suitable PM fluorescent probe, and confirm the synthetic approach for advancing PM probes, imaging and science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Serrano-Buitrago
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mónica Muñoz-Úbeda
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Hospital Doce de Octubre (imas12), Avda. de Córdoba s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Víctor G Almendro-Vedia
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Hospital Doce de Octubre (imas12), Avda. de Córdoba s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Farmacia Galénica y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Sánchez-Camacho
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Beatriz L Maroto
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Florencio Moreno
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jorge Bañuelos
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV-EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48080, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Inmaculada García-Moreno
- Departamento de Química-Física de Materiales, Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, C.S.I.C., 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iván López-Montero
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Hospital Doce de Octubre (imas12), Avda. de Córdoba s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain. .,Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Paseo de Juan XXIII 1, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago de la Moya
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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8
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Baruah M, Kwon HY, Cho H, Chang YT, Samanta A. A Photoinduced Electron Transfer-Based Hypochlorite-Specific Fluorescent Probe for Selective Imaging of Proinflammatory M1 in a Rheumatoid Arthritis Model. Anal Chem 2023; 95:4147-4154. [PMID: 36800528 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
The differentiation of the distinct phenotypes of macrophages is essential for monitoring the stage of inflammatory diseases for accurate diagnosis and treatment. Recent studies revealed that the level of hypochlorite (OCl-) varies from activated M1 macrophages (killing pathogens) to M2 (resolution of inflammation) during inflammation. Thus, we developed a simple and efficient fluorescent probe for discriminating M1 from M0 and M2. Herein, fluorescent-based imaging is applied as an alternative to immunohistochemistry, which is challenging due to the tedious process and high cost. We developed a hypochlorite-specific probe PMS-T to differentiate M1 and M2, employing a metabolism-oriented live-cell distinction. This probe enables the detection of inflammatory rheumatoid arthritis in an ex vivo mouse model. Thus, it can be a potential chemical tool for monitoring inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, that may overcome the existing barriers of immunohistochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousumi Baruah
- Molecular Sensors and Therapeutics (MST) Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Delhi NCR, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Haw-Young Kwon
- Center for Self-Assembly and Complexity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Heewon Cho
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Tae Chang
- Center for Self-Assembly and Complexity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Animesh Samanta
- Molecular Sensors and Therapeutics (MST) Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Delhi NCR, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
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9
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Gao M, Chang YT. Human-T-Cell-Selective Fluorescent Probe. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182836. [PMID: 36139410 PMCID: PMC9497063 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of T and B lymphocytes has relied on using antibodies against different biomarkers as the gold standard. Emerging small molecule-based fluorescent probes have the potential to replace antibodies. Herein, we report the first human-T-cell-selective fluorescent probe, Mito thermo yellow (MTY), achieving the live T cells’ distinction from B cells, which was previously impossible without the help of antibodies. The unexpected cell selectivity of MTY is attributed to the higher mitochondria mass and membrane potential of T cells over B cells. This study enriches the toolbox for live cell distinction from complex cell communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gao
- Center for Self-Assembly and Complexity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Young-Tae Chang
- Center for Self-Assembly and Complexity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang 37673, Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Korea
- Correspondence:
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10
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Gao M, Lee SH, Das RK, Kwon HY, Kim HS, Chang YT. A SLC35C2 Transporter-Targeting Fluorescent Probe for the Selective Detection of B Lymphocytes Identified by SLC-CRISPRi and Unbiased Fluorescence Library Screening. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202095. [PMID: 35789526 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
T and B lymphocytes are two major adaptive immune cells in the human defense system. To real-time monitor their diverse functions, a live-cell-selective probe for only one cell type is need to investigate the complex interaction of the immune cells. Herein, a small-molecule probe CDyB for live B cells is developed by an unbiased fluorescence library screening. The cell selectivity was confirmed by multiparametric single-cell analysis using CyTOF. Through a systematic SLC-CRISPRi library screening, the molecular target of CDyB was identified as SLC35C2 transporter based on a gating-oriented live-cell distinction (GOLD) mechanism. The gene expression analysis and knock-out experiments validated that the SLC35C2 transporter was the target for CDyB distinction. Interestingly, when CDyB was applied to study B cell development, the CDyB fluorescence and SLC35C2 expression were positively correlated with the B cell maturation process, and not involved in the T cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gao
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hyeok Lee
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Raj Kumar Das
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Haw-Young Kwon
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Heon Seok Kim
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Young-Tae Chang
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.,School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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11
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Thomas CN, Alfahad N, Capewell N, Cowley J, Hickman E, Fernandez A, Harrison N, Qureshi OS, Bennett N, Barnes NM, Dick AD, Chu CJ, Liu X, Denniston AK, Vendrell M, Hill LJ. Triazole-derivatized near-infrared cyanine dyes enable local functional fluorescent imaging of ocular inflammation. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 216:114623. [PMID: 36029662 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) chemical fluorophores are promising tools for in-vivo imaging in real time but often succumb to rapid photodegradation. Indocyanine green (ICG) is the only NIR dye with regulatory approval for ocular imaging in humans; however, ICG, when employed for applications such as labelling immune cells, has limited sensitivity and does not allow precise detection of specific inflammatory events, for example leukocyte recruitment during uveitic flare-ups. We investigated the potential use of photostable novel triazole NIR cyanine (TNC) dyes for detecting and characterising activated T-cell activity within the eye. Three TNC dyes were evaluated for ocular cytotoxicity in-vitro using a MTT assay and optimised concentrations for intraocular detection within ex-vivo porcine eyes after topical application or intracameral injections of the dyes. TNC labelled T-cell tracking experiments and mechanistic studies were also performed in-vitro. TNC-1 and TNC-2 dyes exhibited greater fluorescence intensity than ICG at 10 μM, whereas TNC-3 was only detectable at 100 μM within the porcine eye. TNC dyes did not demonstrate any ocular cell toxicity at working concentrations of 10 μM. CD4+T-cells labelled with TNC-1 or TNC-2 were detected within the porcine eye, with TNC-1 being brighter than TNC-2. Detection of TNC-1 and TNC-2 into CD4+T-cells was prevented by prior incubation with dynole 34-2 (50 μM), suggesting active uptake of these dyes via dynamin-dependent processes. The present study provides evidence that TNC dyes are suitable to detect activated CD4+T-cells within the eye with potential as a diagnostic marker for ocular inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe N Thomas
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Nada Alfahad
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nicholas Capewell
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jamie Cowley
- Celentyx Ltd, Birmingham Research Park, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Eleanor Hickman
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Antonio Fernandez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain; Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Neale Harrison
- Celentyx Ltd, Birmingham Research Park, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Omar S Qureshi
- Celentyx Ltd, Birmingham Research Park, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Naomi Bennett
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Healthcare Technologies Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nicholas M Barnes
- Neuropharmacology Research Group, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrew D Dick
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK; Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Bristol Medical School and School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Colin J Chu
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK; Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Bristol Medical School and School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Xiaoxuan Liu
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK; Birmingham Health Partners Centre for Regulatory Science and Innovation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Health Data Research UK, London, UK
| | - Alastair K Denniston
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK; Birmingham Health Partners Centre for Regulatory Science and Innovation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Health Data Research UK, London, UK; Centre for Patient Reported Outcomes Research, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Marc Vendrell
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lisa J Hill
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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12
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Gao M, Lee SH, Das RK, Kwon HY, Kim HS, Chang YT. A SLC35C2 Transporter‐Targeting Fluorescent Probe for the Selective Detection of B Lymphocytes Identified by SLC‐CRISPRi and Unbiased Fluorescence Library Screening. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Gao
- Institute for Basic Science Center for Self Assembly and Complexity KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Sun Hyeok Lee
- POSTECH: Pohang University of Science and Technology School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Raj Kumar Das
- National University of Singapore Department of Chemistry SINGAPORE
| | - Haw-Young Kwon
- Institute for Basic Science Center for Self Assembly and Complexity KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Heon Seok Kim
- Stanford University School of Medicine Department of Medicine UNITED STATES
| | - Young-Tae Chang
- POSTECH Department of Chemistry 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu 37673 Pohang KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
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13
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Abstract
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Optical
imaging has become an essential tool to study biomolecular
processes in live systems with unprecedented spatial resolution. New
fluorescent technologies and advances in optical microscopy have revolutionized
the ways in which we can study immune cells in real time. For example,
activatable fluorophores that emit signals after target recognition
have enabled direct imaging of immune cell function with enhanced
readouts and minimal background. In this Account, we summarize recent
advances in the chemical synthesis and implementation of activatable
fluorescent probes to monitor the activity and the role of immune
cells in different pathological processes, from infection to inflammatory
diseases or cancer. In addition to the contributions that our group
has made to this field, we review the most relevant literature disclosed
over the past decade, providing examples of different activatable
architectures and their application in diagnostics and drug discovery.
This Account covers the imaging of the three major cell types in the
immune system, that is, neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes.
Attracted by the tunability and target specificity of peptides, many
groups have designed strategies based on fluorogenic peptides whose
fluorescence emission is regulated by the reaction with enzymes (e.g.,
MMPs, cathepsins, granzymes), or through Förster resonance
energy transfer (FRET) mechanisms. Selective imaging of immune cells
has been also achieved by targeting different intracellular metabolic
routes, such as lipid biogenesis. Other approaches involve the implementation
of diversity-oriented fluorescence libraries or the use of environmentally
sensitive fluorescent scaffolds (e.g., molecular rotors). Our group
has made important progress by constructing probes to image metastasis-associated
macrophages in tumors, apoptotic neutrophils, or cytotoxic natural
killer (NK) cells against cancer cells, among other examples. The
chemical probes covered in this Account have been successfully validated
in vitro in cell culture systems, and in vivo in relevant models of
inflammation and cancer. Overall, the range of chemical structures
and activation mechanisms reported to sense immune cell function is
remarkable. However, the emergence of new strategies based on new
molecular targets or activatable mechanisms that are yet to be discovered
will open the door to track unexplored roles of immune cells in different
biological systems. We anticipate that upcoming generations of activatable
probes will find applications in the clinic to help assessing immunotherapies
and advance precision medicine. We hope that this Account will evoke
new ideas and innovative work in the design of fluorescent probes
for imaging cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Mendive-Tapia
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ Edinburgh, U.K
| | - Marc Vendrell
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ Edinburgh, U.K
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14
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Abstract
Live cell discrimination is the first and essential step to understand complex biosystems. Conventional cell discrimination involving various antibodies relies on selective surface biomarkers. Compared to antibodies, the fluorescent probe strategy allows the utilisation of intracellular biomarkers, providing broader options with unique chemical principles to achieve the live cell distinction. In general, fluorescent probes can be retained in cells by interacting with biomolecules, accumulating via transporters, and participating in metabolism. Based on the target difference, fluorescent probe strategy can be divided into several categories: protein-oriented live cell distinction (POLD), carbohydrate-oriented live cell distinction (COLD), DNA-oriented live cell distinction (DOLD), gating-oriented live cell distinction (GOLD), metabolism-oriented live cell distinction (MOLD) and lipid-oriented live cell distinction (LOLD). In this review, we will outline the concepts and mechanisms of different strategies, introduce their applications in cell-type discrimination, and discuss their advantages and challenges in this area. We expect this tutorial will provide a new perspective on the mechanisms of fluorescent probe strategy and facilitate the development of cell-type-specific probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Tae Chang
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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15
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Wang C, Wang J, Xue K, Xiao M, Wu K, Lv S, Hao B, Zhu C. Polarity-Sensitive Fluorescent Probe for Reflecting the Packing Degree of Bacterial Membrane Lipids. Anal Chem 2022; 94:3303-3312. [PMID: 35133812 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance of an intact membrane structure is of great importance for bacteria to execute various biological functions. However, chemical probes for monitoring the dynamic changes of bacterial membranes are barely reported. Herein, we, for the first time, report a novel polarity-sensitive probe for reflecting the packing degree of bacterial membrane lipids. Specifically, we synthesize a membrane-targeting fluorescent probe (TICT-lipid) that possesses both twist intramolecular charge transfer and aggregation-induced emission properties. TICT-lipid exhibits sensitive responses to the minute difference in the packing degree of membrane lipids, facilitating rapid differentiation of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Interestingly, in the presence of membrane-disrupting antibiotics, the localization of TICT-lipid shifts from the outer membrane to the cell membrane by outputting blue-shifted and enhanced emission, making the mechanism of action of antibiotics clearly visible. TICT-lipid is a polarity-sensitive fluorescent probe, holding great promise in the study of membrane-related bacterial processes and antibiotic screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ke Xue
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Minghui Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Kaiyu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shuyi Lv
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Boyi Hao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Chunlei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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