1
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Surendran AK, Pereverzev AY, Roithová J. Intricacies of Mass Transport during Electrocatalysis: A Journey through Iron Porphyrin-Catalyzed Oxygen Reduction. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15619-15626. [PMID: 38778765 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical steps are increasingly attractive for green chemistry. Understanding reactions at the electrode-solution interface, governed by kinetics and mass transport, is crucial. Traditional insights into these mechanisms are limited, but our study bridges this gap through an integrated approach combining voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. This technique offers real-time monitoring of the chemical processes at the electrode-solution interface, tracking changes in intermediates and products during reactions. Applied to the electrochemical reduction of oxygen catalyzed by the iron(II) tetraphenyl porphyrin complex, it successfully reveals various reaction intermediates and degradation pathways under different kinetic regimes. Our findings illuminate complex electrocatalytic processes and propose new ways for studying reactions in alternating current and voltage-pulse electrosynthesis. This advancement enhances our capacity to optimize electrochemical reactions for more sustainable chemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adarsh Koovakattil Surendran
- Department of Spectroscopy and Catalysis, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Aleksandr Y Pereverzev
- Department of Spectroscopy and Catalysis, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jana Roithová
- Department of Spectroscopy and Catalysis, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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2
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Trowbridge L, Averkiev B, Sues PE. Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution using a Nickel-based Calixpyrrole Complex: Controlling the Secondary Coordination Sphere on an Electrode Surface. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301920. [PMID: 37665793 PMCID: PMC10842979 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Incorporating design elements from homogeneous catalysts to construct well defined active sites on electrode surfaces is a promising approach for developing next generation electrocatalysts for energy conversion reactions. Furthermore, if functionalities that control the electrode microenvironment could be integrated into these active sites it would be particularly appealing. In this context, a square planar nickel calixpyrrole complex, Ni(DPMDA) (DPMDA=2,2'-((diphenylmethylene)bis(1H-pyrrole-5,2-diyl))bis(methaneylylidene))bis(azaneylylidene))dianiline) with pendant amine groups is reported that forms a heterogeneous hydrogen evolution catalyst using anilinium tetrafluoroborate as the proton source. The supported Ni(DPMDA) catalyst was surprisingly stable and displayed fast reaction kinetics with turnover frequencies (TOF) up to 25,900 s-1 or 366,000 s-1 cm-2 . Kinetic isotope effect (KIE) studies revealed a KIE of 5.7, and this data, combined with Tafel slope analysis, suggested that a proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) process involving the pendant amine groups was rate-limiting. While evidence of an outer-sphere reduction of the Ni(DPMDA) catalyst was observed, it is hypothesized that the control over the secondary coordination sphere provided by the pendant amines facilitated such high TOFs and enabled the PCET mechanism. The results reported herein provide insight into heterogeneous catalyst design and approaches for controlling the secondary coordination sphere on electrode surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan Trowbridge
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 1212 Mid-Campus Drive North, Manhattan, Kansas, 66503, USA
| | - Boris Averkiev
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 1212 Mid-Campus Drive North, Manhattan, Kansas, 66503, USA
| | - Peter E Sues
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 1212 Mid-Campus Drive North, Manhattan, Kansas, 66503, USA
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3
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Chowdhury SN, Biswas S, Das S, Biswas AN. Kinetic and mechanistic investigations of dioxygen reduction by a molecular Cu(II) catalyst bearing a pentadentate amidate ligand. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:11581-11590. [PMID: 37548356 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02194g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
A pentadentate Cu(II) complex, [CuII(dpaq)](ClO4) (1), featuring a redox active ligand, H-dpaq (H-dpaq = 2-[bis(pyridine-2-ylmethyl)]amino-N-quinolin-8-yl-acetamidate), catalyses four-electron reduction of dioxygen by decamethylferrocene (Fc*) in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid (CF3COOH) in acetone at 298 K. No catalytic oxygen reduction was observed in the presence of stronger Brønsted acids than CF3COOH, such as perchloric acid (HClO4) or trifluoromethanesulphonic acid (HOTf). In contrast, facile catalytic reduction of O2 occurs by Fc* with 1 and HClO4 or HOTf in dimethylformamide (DMF). The use of CF3COOH as the proton source in DMF results in the suppression of O2 reduction under otherwise identical reaction conditions. While the O2 reduction reactions in DMF are linearly dependent on the pKa of Brønsted acids, the acid dependence on catalytic O2-reduction reactivity by 1 in acetone showed complete reversal. Cyclic voltammetry studies using p-chloranil as the probe substrates in the presence of acids in the solvents reveal that the strengths of the protonic acids increase significantly in acetone compared to that in DMF. The amidate-N in [CuII(dpaq)](ClO4) (1) undergoes protonation in the presence of HClO4 or HOTf in DMF to form [CuII(H-dpaq)]2+ (1-H+), but not in the presence of CF3COOH. Enhanced acid strength of CF3COOH in acetone, however, effectively protonates 1 and triggers O2 reduction. Protonation of 1 with HClO4 or HOTf in acetone results in the change of its coordination environment, and this protonated species does not trigger O2 reduction. Detailed kinetic studies indicate that 1-H+ undergoes reduction by two-electrons and the reduced species binds O2 to form a Cu(II)-superoxo intermediate. This is followed by a rate-determining proton-coupled electron-transfer (PCET) reduction to generate the Cu(II)-hydroperoxo intermediate. While catalytic O2 reduction in acetone occurs predominantly via a 4e-/4H+ pathway, product selectivity (H2O vs. H2O2) in DMF depends upon the concentration of the reductant (Fc*). While dioxygen reduction to H2O2 is favoured at low [Fc*], mechanistic studies suggest that O2 reduction with high [Fc*] proceeds via a [2e- + 2e-] mechanism, where the released H2O2 during catalysis is further reduced to water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijan Narayan Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Sikkim, Ravangla, South Sikkim 737139, India.
| | - Sachidulal Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Sikkim, Ravangla, South Sikkim 737139, India.
| | - Saikat Das
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Sikkim, Ravangla, South Sikkim 737139, India.
| | - Achintesh N Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Sikkim, Ravangla, South Sikkim 737139, India.
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4
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Lawson SE, Leznoff DB, Warren JJ. Contemporary Strategies for Immobilizing Metallophthalocyanines for Electrochemical Transformations of Carbon Dioxide. Molecules 2023; 28:5878. [PMID: 37570849 PMCID: PMC10421282 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Metallophthalocyanine (PcM) coordination complexes are well-known mediators of the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2). They have many properties that show promise for practical applications in the energy sector. Such properties include synthetic flexibility, a high stability, and good efficiencies for the reduction of CO2 to useful feedstocks, such as carbon monoxide (CO). One of the ongoing challenges that needs to be met is the incorporation of PcM into the heterogeneous materials that are used in a great many CO2-reduction devices. Much progress has been made in the last decade and there are now several promising approaches to incorporate PcM into a range of materials, from simple carbon-adsorbed preparations to extended polymer networks. These approaches all have important advantages and drawbacks. In addition, investigations have led to new proposals regarding CO2 reduction catalytic cycles and other operational features that are crucial to function. Here, we describe developments in the immobilization of PcM CO2 reduction catalysts in the last decade (2013 to 2023) and propose promising avenues and strategies for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel B. Leznoff
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A1S6, Canada;
| | - Jeffrey J. Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A1S6, Canada;
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5
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Hutchison P, Kaminsky CJ, Surendranath Y, Hammes-Schiffer S. Concerted Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer to a Graphite Adsorbed Metalloporphyrin Occurs by Band to Bond Electron Redistribution. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:927-936. [PMID: 37252356 PMCID: PMC10214502 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Surface immobilized catalysts are highly promising candidates for a range of energy conversion reactions, and atomistic mechanistic understanding is essential for their rational design. Cobalt tetraphenylporphyrin (CoTPP) nonspecifically adsorbed on a graphitic surface has been shown to undergo concerted proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) in aqueous solution. Herein, density functional theory calculations on both cluster and periodic models representing π-stacked interactions or axial ligation to a surface oxygenate are performed. As the electrode surface is charged due to applied potential, the adsorbed molecule experiences the electrical polarization of the interface and nearly the same electrostatic potential as the electrode, regardless of the adsorption mode. PCET occurs by electron abstraction from the surface to the CoTPP concerted with protonation to form a cobalt hydride, thereby circumventing Co(II/I) redox. Specifically, the Co(II) d-state localized orbital interacts with a proton from solution and an electron from the delocalized graphitic band states to produce a Co(III)-H bonding orbital below the Fermi level, corresponding to redistribution of electrons from the band states to the bonding states. These insights have broad implications for electrocatalysis by chemically modified electrodes and surface immobilized catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillips Hutchison
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Corey J. Kaminsky
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yogesh Surendranath
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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6
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Schlachta TP, Kühn FE. Cyclic iron tetra N-heterocyclic carbenes: synthesis, properties, reactivity, and catalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:2238-2277. [PMID: 36852959 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs01064j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic iron tetracarbenes are an emerging class of macrocyclic iron N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes. They can be considered as an organometallic compound class inspired by their heme analogs, however, their electronic properties differ, e.g. due to the very strong σ-donation of the four combined NHCs in equatorial coordination. The ligand framework of iron tetracarbenes can be readily modified, allowing fine-tuning of the structural and electronic properties of the complexes. The properties of iron tetracarbene complexes are discussed quantitatively and correlations are established. The electronic nature of the tetracarbene ligand allows the isolation of uncommon iron(III) and iron(IV) species and reveals a unique reactivity. Iron tetracarbenes are successfully applied in C-H activation, CO2 reduction, aziridination and epoxidation catalysis and mechanisms as well as decomposition pathways are described. This review will help researchers evaluate the structural and electronic properties of their complexes and target their catalyst properties through ligand design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim P Schlachta
- Technical University of Munich, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Molecular Catalysis, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Fritz E Kühn
- Technical University of Munich, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Molecular Catalysis, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany.
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7
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Battistella B, Iffland-Mühlhaus L, Schütze M, Cula B, Kuhlmann U, Dau H, Hildebrandt P, Lohmiller T, Mebs S, Apfel UP, Ray K. Evidence of Sulfur Non-Innocence in [Co II (dithiacyclam)] 2+ -Mediated Catalytic Oxygen Reduction Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214074. [PMID: 36378951 PMCID: PMC10108118 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In many metalloenzymes, sulfur-containing ligands participate in catalytic processes, mainly via the involvement in electron transfer reactions. In a biomimetic approach, we now demonstrate the implication of S-ligation in cobalt mediated oxygen reduction reactions (ORR). A comparative study between the catalytic ORR capabilities of the four-nitrogen bound [Co(cyclam)]2+ (1; cyclam=1,5,8,11-tetraaza-cyclotetradecane) and the S-containing analog [Co(S2 N2 -cyclam)]2+ (2; S2 N2 -cyclam=1,8-dithia-5,11-diaza-cyclotetradecane) reveals improved catalytic performance once the chalcogen is introduced in the Co coordination sphere. Trapping and characterization of the intermediates formed upon dioxygen activation at the CoII centers in 1 and 2 point to the involvement of sulfur in the O2 reduction process as the key for the improved catalytic ORR capabilities of 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Battistella
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Linda Iffland-Mühlhaus
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Maximillian Schütze
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Beatrice Cula
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Kuhlmann
- Institut für Chemie, Fakultät II, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Dau
- Institut für Physik, Freie Universität zu Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Hildebrandt
- Institut für Chemie, Fakultät II, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Lohmiller
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany.,EPR4Energy Joint Lab, Department Spins in Energy Conversion and Quantum Information Science, Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Str. 16, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Mebs
- Institut für Physik, Freie Universität zu Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulf-Peter Apfel
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany.,Department for Electrosynthesis, Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety and Energy Technology UMSICHT, Osterfelder Str. 3, 46047, Oberhausen, Germany
| | - Kallol Ray
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
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8
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Follmer AH, Luedecke KM, Hadt RG. μ-Oxo Dimerization Effects on Ground- and Excited-State Properties of a Water-Soluble Iron Porphyrin CO 2 Reduction Catalyst. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:20493-20500. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alec H. Follmer
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Kaitlin M. Luedecke
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Ryan G. Hadt
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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9
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Yan W, Xing Q, Guo O, Feng H, Liu H, Deshlahra P, Li X, Chen Y. A Combination of "Push Effect" Strategy with "Triple-Phase-Boundary Engineering" on Iron Porphyrin-Based MOFs: Enhanced Selectivity and Activity for Oxygen Reduction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:50751-50761. [PMID: 36322477 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the "push effect" strategy combined with "triple-phase-boundary" (TPB) engineering was innovatively employed to target the single Fe-N4 sites in an iron porphyrin-based metal-organic framework, with axially coordinated 4-octylpyridine groups on Fe-N4 (named as PCN-224 (Fe)-1). The amphiphilic 4-octylpyridine groups donate sufficient electrons toward Fe-N4 by the Fe-N(pyridine) coordination bond and simultaneously provide effective TBP reactive sites by the hydrophobic octyl terminals, resulting in enhanced ORR activity of the PCN-224 (Fe)-1 in hydrophobic octyl terminals, with an E1/2 of 0.81 V and complete 4-electron selectivity. Furthermore, TPB engineering is utilized to construct the PCN-224 (Fe)-1-based Zn-air battery with a maximum power density of 98 mW cm-2, demonstrating great practical application potential for molecule-based ORR catalysts. Meanwhile, the "push effect" mechanism on ORR is revealed by electron paramagnetic resonance, in situ UV-vis spectroelectrochemical analysis, and density functional theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao266580, P. R. China
| | - Qianli Xing
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts02155, United States
| | - Ouyang Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao266580, P. R. China
| | - Hao Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao266580, P. R. China
| | - Heyuan Liu
- College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao266580, P. R. China
| | - Prashant Deshlahra
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts02155, United States
| | - Xiyou Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao266580, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao266580, P. R. China
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10
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Lovrić M. Dimensionless rate constant of homogeneous electrocatalysis on the rotating disk electrode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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11
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12
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van Dijk B, Kinders R, Ferber TH, Hofmann JP, Hetterscheid D. A selective copper based oxygen reduction catalyst for the electrochemical synthesis of H2O2 at neutral pH. ChemElectroChem 2022; 9:e202101692. [PMID: 35911791 PMCID: PMC9305592 DOI: 10.1002/celc.202101692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
H2O2 is a bulk chemical used as “green” alternative in a variety of applications, but has an energy and waste intensive production method. The electrochemical O2 reduction to H2O2 is viable alternative with examples of the direct production of up to 20% H2O2 solutions. In that respect, we found that the dinuclear complex Cu2(btmpa) (6,6’‐bis[[bis(2‐pyridylmethyl)amino]methyl]‐2,2’‐bipyridine) reduces O2 to H2O2 with a selectivity up to 90 % according to single linear sweep rotating ring disk electrode measurements. Microbalance experiments showed that complex reduction leads to surface adsorption thereby increasing the catalytic current. More importantly, we kept a high Faradaic efficiency for H2O2 between 60 and 70 % over the course of 2 h of amperometry by introducing high potential intervals to strip deposited copper (depCu). This is the first example of extensive studies into the long term electrochemical O2 to H2O2 reduction by a molecular complex which allowed to retain the high intrinsic selectivity of Cu2(btmpa) towards H2O2 production leading to relevant levels of H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas van Dijk
- University of Leiden: Universiteit Leiden Leiden Institute of Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Rick Kinders
- Leiden University: Universiteit Leiden Leiden Insitute of Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Thimo H. Ferber
- Technical University of Darmstadt: Technische Universitat Darmstadt deparment of materials and earth sciences GERMANY
| | - Jan P. Hofmann
- Technical University of Darmstadt: Technische Universitat Darmstadt department of materials and earth sciences GERMANY
| | - Dennis Hetterscheid
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry Department of Chemistry Einsteinweg 55Room number EE4.19 2333 CC Leiden NETHERLANDS
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13
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Edmondson M, Frampton ES, Judd CJ, Champness NR, Jones RG, Saywell A. Order, disorder, and metalation of tetraphenylporphyrin (2H-TPP) on Au(111). Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6247-6250. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00820c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A thermally induced order-disorder transition of tetraphenylporphyrin (2H-TPP) on Au(111) is characterised by a combination of scanning probe microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy-based techniques. We observed that a transition from...
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14
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Rawah BS, Li W. Electrocatalytic generation of hydrogen peroxide on cobalt nanoparticles embedded in nitrogen-doped carbon. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(21)63804-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Lv B, Li X, Guo K, Ma J, Wang Y, Lei H, Wang F, Jin X, Zhang Q, Zhang W, Long R, Xiong Y, Apfel UP, Cao R. Controlling Oxygen Reduction Selectivity through Steric Effects: Electrocatalytic Two-Electron and Four-Electron Oxygen Reduction with Cobalt Porphyrin Atropisomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12742-12746. [PMID: 33742485 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202102523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Achieving a selective 2 e- or 4 e- oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is critical but challenging. Herein, we report controlling ORR selectivity of Co porphyrins by tuning only steric effects. We designed Co porphyrin 1 with meso-phenyls each bearing a bulky ortho-amido group. Due to the resulted steric hinderance, 1 has four atropisomers with similar electronic structures but dissimilar steric effects. Isomers αβαβ and αααα catalyze ORR with n=2.10 and 3.75 (n is the electron number transferred per O2 ), respectively, but ααββ and αααβ show poor selectivity with n=2.89-3.10. Isomer αβαβ catalyzes 2 e- ORR by preventing a bimolecular O2 activation path, while αααα improves 4 e- ORR selectivity by improving O2 binding at its pocket, a feature confirmed by spectroscopy methods, including O K-edge near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure. This work represents an unparalleled example to improve 2 e- and 4 e- ORR by tuning only steric effects without changing molecular and electronic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Lv
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Xialiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Kai Guo
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Collaborative Innovative Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Yanzhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Haitao Lei
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Xiaotong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Qingxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Ran Long
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Collaborative Innovative Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Yujie Xiong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Collaborative Innovative Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Ulf-Peter Apfel
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie I, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany.,Fraunhofer UMSICHT, Osterfelder Strasse 3, 46047, Oberhausen, Germany
| | - Rui Cao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
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16
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Lv B, Li X, Guo K, Ma J, Wang Y, Lei H, Wang F, Jin X, Zhang Q, Zhang W, Long R, Xiong Y, Apfel U, Cao R. Controlling Oxygen Reduction Selectivity through Steric Effects: Electrocatalytic Two‐Electron and Four‐Electron Oxygen Reduction with Cobalt Porphyrin Atropisomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202102523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Lv
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Xialiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Kai Guo
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Jun Ma
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Collaborative Innovative Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) School of Chemistry and Materials Science National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Yanzhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Haitao Lei
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Xiaotong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Qingxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Ran Long
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Collaborative Innovative Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) School of Chemistry and Materials Science National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Yujie Xiong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Collaborative Innovative Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM) School of Chemistry and Materials Science National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Ulf‐Peter Apfel
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie I Universitätsstrasse 150 44801 Bochum Germany
- Fraunhofer UMSICHT Osterfelder Strasse 3 46047 Oberhausen Germany
| | - Rui Cao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
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17
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Xie L, Zhang X, Zhao B, Li P, Qi J, Guo X, Wang B, Lei H, Zhang W, Apfel U, Cao R. Enzyme‐Inspired Iron Porphyrins for Improved Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction and Evolution Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202015478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Xue‐Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Jing Qi
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Xinai Guo
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Haitao Lei
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Ulf‐Peter Apfel
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie Anorganische Chemie I Universitätsstrasse 150 44801 Bochum Germany
- Fraunhofer UMSICHT Osterfelder Strasse 3 46047 Oberhausen Germany
| | - Rui Cao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
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18
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Xie L, Zhang XP, Zhao B, Li P, Qi J, Guo X, Wang B, Lei H, Zhang W, Apfel UP, Cao R. Enzyme-Inspired Iron Porphyrins for Improved Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction and Evolution Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:7576-7581. [PMID: 33462971 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202015478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nature uses Fe porphyrin sites for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Synthetic Fe porphyrins have been extensively studied as ORR catalysts, but activity improvement is required. On the other hand, Fe porphyrins have been rarely shown to be efficient for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). We herein report an enzyme-inspired Fe porphyrin 1 as an efficient catalyst for both ORR and OER. Complex 1, which bears a tethered imidazole for Fe binding, beats imidazole-free analogue 2, with an anodic shift of ORR half-wave potential by 160 mV and a decrease of OER overpotential by 150 mV to get the benchmark current density at 10 mA cm-2 . Theoretical studies suggested that hydroxide attack to a formal FeV =O form the O-O bond. The axial imidazole can prevent the formation of trans HO-FeV =O, which is less effective to form O-O bond with hydroxide. As a practical demonstration, we assembled rechargeable Zn-air battery with 1, which shows equal performance to that with Pt/Ir-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Xue-Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Jing Qi
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Xinai Guo
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Haitao Lei
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Ulf-Peter Apfel
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie I, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany.,Fraunhofer UMSICHT, Osterfelder Strasse 3, 46047, Oberhausen, Germany
| | - Rui Cao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
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19
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Ren R, Wang X, Chen H, Miller HA, Salam I, Varcoe JR, Wu L, Chen Y, Liao H, Liu E, Bartoli F, Vizza F, Jia Q, He Q. Reshaping the Cathodic Catalyst Layer for Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: From Heterogeneous Catalysis to Homogeneous Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Ren
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Xiaojiang Wang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Hengquan Chen
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Hamish Andrew Miller
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds ICCOM-CNR, Polo Scientifico Area CNR 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Ihtasham Salam
- Department of Chemistry University of Surrey Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - John Robert Varcoe
- Department of Chemistry University of Surrey Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - Liang Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Scientific and Engineering Computing of Ministry of Education Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Youhu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Hong‐Gang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Ershuai Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Northeastern University Center for Renewable Energy Technology Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Francesco Bartoli
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds ICCOM-CNR, Polo Scientifico Area CNR 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Francesco Vizza
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds ICCOM-CNR, Polo Scientifico Area CNR 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Qingying Jia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Northeastern University Center for Renewable Energy Technology Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Qinggang He
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
- Ningbo Research Institute Zhejiang University Ningbo Zhejiang 315100 China
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20
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Fernández CC, Franke M, Steinrück HP, Lytken O, Williams FJ. Demetalation of Surface Porphyrins at the Solid-Liquid Interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:852-857. [PMID: 33400533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the factors that control the demetalation of surface porphyrins at the solid-liquid interface is important as the molecular properties of porphyrins are largely determined by their metal centers. In this work, we used X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to follow the demetalation of Zn and Cd tetraphenylporphyrin molecules (ZnTPP and CdTPP) adsorbed as three-monolayer-thin multilayer films on Au(111), by exposing the molecular layers to acidic aqueous solutions. We found that porphyrin molecules at the solid-liquid interface are less prone to lose their metal center than molecules in solution. We propose that this behavior is due to either the incoming protons provided by the solution or the outgoing metal ion having to pass through the hydrophobic porphyrin multilayers where they cannot be solvated. Our results are relevant for the design of molecular devices based on porphyrin molecules adsorbed on solid surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia C Fernández
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía INQUIMAE, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matthias Franke
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ole Lytken
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Federico J Williams
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía INQUIMAE, CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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21
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Zhang R, Warren JJ. Recent Developments in Metalloporphyrin Electrocatalysts for Reduction of Small Molecules: Strategies for Managing Electron and Proton Transfer Reactions. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:293-302. [PMID: 33064354 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Porphyrins are archetypal ligands in inorganic chemistry. The last 10 years have seen important new advances in the use of metalloporphyrins as catalysts in the activation and reduction of small molecules, in particular O2 and CO2 . Recent developments of new molecular designs, scaling relationships, and theoretical modeling of mechanisms have rapidly advanced the utility of porphyrins as electrocatalysts. This Minireview focuses on the summary and evaluation of recent developments of metalloporphyrin O2 and CO2 reduction electrocatalysts, with an emphasis on contrasting homogeneous and heterogeneous electrocatalysis. Comparisons for proposed reaction mechanisms are provided for both CO2 and O2 reduction, and ideas are proposed about how lessons from the last decade of research can lead to the development of practical, applied porphyrin-derived catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BCV5A1S6, Canada
| | - Jeffrey J Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BCV5A1S6, Canada
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22
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Márquez I, Olloqui-Sariego JL, Molero M, Andreu R, Roldán E, Calvente JJ. Active Role of the Buffer in the Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer of Immobilized Iron Porphyrins. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:42-54. [PMID: 32568550 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Evaluation of the proton-coupled electron transfer thermodynamics of immobilized hemin is challenging due to the disparity of its electrochemical titration curves reported in the literature. Deviations from the one-electron, one-proton transfer at circumneutral pHs have been commonly ascribed to either the formation of dimeric species or the ionization of a second iron-bound water molecule. Herein, however, we report on non-idealities in the more acidic region, whose onset and extent vary with the nature and concentration of the commonly used phosphate and acetate buffers. It is shown that these deviations originate in the ligand-exchange binding between the oxidized aquo-hemin complex and the anionic components of the buffer, so that they are restricted to the pH interval where these forms coexist. A stepwise approach was developed to quantify unambiguously the apparent and intrinsic binding equilibrium constants. The apparent binding equilibrium constant exhibits a peak-shaped pH dependence, whose maximum is located at approximately the midpoint between the pKa of the iron-bound water and the first pKa of the buffer, and its magnitude is greater for the phosphate than for the acetate buffer. But strikingly, the opposite trend was found for the magnitude of the intrinsic binding equilibrium constants determined from the apparent ones, due to the different relative locations of the phosphoric and acetic pKa values with respect to that of the oxidized aquo-hemin. To probe the role of the heme propionic residues, a similar study was carried out with a propionic-free iron porphyrin containing eight ethyl residues. These substituents decrease the acidity of the iron-bound water, strengthen the iron(III)-acetate binding, weaken the iron(III)-dihydrogen phosphate binding, and enable the binding between iron(III) and monohydrogen phosphate, which was hampered in hemin by the presence of the negatively charged propionate residues. Overall, this work provides a more complete speciation of immobilized iron porphyrins under acidic conditions than previously considered, showing the substitutional lability of the aqua ligand in the oxidized state of the iron center and the reluctance of its hydroxyl counterpart to anion exchange. Knowledge of these redox- and pH-dependent bindings with the buffer components is crucial for a rigorous quantification of the proton-coupled electron transfer and the electrocatalytic activity of iron porphyrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Márquez
- Departamento de Quı́mica Fı́sica, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor Garcı́a Conzález, 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José Luis Olloqui-Sariego
- Departamento de Quı́mica Fı́sica, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor Garcı́a Conzález, 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Miguel Molero
- Departamento de Quı́mica Fı́sica, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor Garcı́a Conzález, 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rafael Andreu
- Departamento de Quı́mica Fı́sica, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor Garcı́a Conzález, 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Emilio Roldán
- Departamento de Quı́mica Fı́sica, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor Garcı́a Conzález, 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan José Calvente
- Departamento de Quı́mica Fı́sica, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor Garcı́a Conzález, 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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23
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Liang Z, Wang HY, Zheng H, Zhang W, Cao R. Porphyrin-based frameworks for oxygen electrocatalysis and catalytic reduction of carbon dioxide. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:2540-2581. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01482f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The recent progress made on porphyrin-based frameworks and their applications in energy-related conversion technologies (e.g., ORR, OER and CO2RR) and storage technologies (e.g., Zn–air batteries).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuozhong Liang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry
- Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi’an 710119
- China
| | - Hong-Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry
- Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi’an 710119
- China
| | - Haoquan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry
- Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi’an 710119
- China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry
- Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi’an 710119
- China
| | - Rui Cao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry
- Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi’an 710119
- China
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24
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Ren R, Wang X, Chen H, Miller HA, Salam I, Varcoe JR, Wu L, Chen Y, Liao H, Liu E, Bartoli F, Vizza F, Jia Q, He Q. Reshaping the Cathodic Catalyst Layer for Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: From Heterogeneous Catalysis to Homogeneous Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:4049-4054. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Ren
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Xiaojiang Wang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Hengquan Chen
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Hamish Andrew Miller
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds ICCOM-CNR, Polo Scientifico Area CNR 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Ihtasham Salam
- Department of Chemistry University of Surrey Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - John Robert Varcoe
- Department of Chemistry University of Surrey Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - Liang Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Scientific and Engineering Computing of Ministry of Education Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Youhu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Hong‐Gang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Ershuai Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Northeastern University Center for Renewable Energy Technology Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Francesco Bartoli
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds ICCOM-CNR, Polo Scientifico Area CNR 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Francesco Vizza
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds ICCOM-CNR, Polo Scientifico Area CNR 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Qingying Jia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Northeastern University Center for Renewable Energy Technology Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Qinggang He
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China
- Ningbo Research Institute Zhejiang University Ningbo Zhejiang 315100 China
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25
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Mukherjee S, Nayek A, Bhunia S, Dey SG, Dey A. A Single Iron Porphyrin Shows pH Dependent Switch between "Push" and "Pull" Effects in Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:14564-14576. [PMID: 32970430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The "push-pull" effects associated with heme enzymes manifest themselves through highly evolved distal amino acid environments and axial ligands to the heme. These conserved residues enhance their reactivities by orders of magnitude relative to small molecules that mimic the primary coordination. An instance of a mononuclear iron porphyrin with covalently attached pendent phenanthroline groups is reported which exhibit reactivity indicating a pH dependent "push" to "pull" transition in the same molecule. The pendant phenanthroline residues provide proton transfer pathways into the iron site, ensuring selective 4e-/4H+ reduction of O2 to water. The protonation of these residues at lower pH mimics the pull effect of peroxidases, and a coordination of an axial hydroxide ligand at high pH emulates the push effect of P450 monooxygenases. Both effects enhance the rate of O2 reduction by orders of magnitude over its value at neutral pH while maintaining exclusive selectivity for 4e-/4H+ oxygen reduction reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Mukherjee
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Abhijit Nayek
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Sarmistha Bhunia
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Somdatta Ghosh Dey
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Abhishek Dey
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
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26
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Kostopoulos N, Achaibou C, Noël JM, Kanoufi F, Robert M, Fave C, Anxolabéhère-Mallart E. Electrocatalytic O 2 Activation by Fe Tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin in Acidic Organic Media. Evidence of High-Valent Fe Oxo Species. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:11577-11583. [PMID: 32799464 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
O2 activation under mild conditions remains a weighty challenge for chemists. Herein we report a study of electrochemical O2 reductive activation catalyzed by FeIII(F20TPP)Cl, by means of cyclic voltammetry and UV-vis spectroelectrochemistry in acidic solutions of N,N-dimethylformamide. Two parallel catalytic pathways have been evidenced occurring at different overpotentials. At high overpotential a classical electron-proton (EPT) pathway where protonation of Fe peroxo ultimately leads to the formation of high-valent Fe oxo species dominates. At low overpotential a proton-electron (PET) pathway involving a hydrosuperoxo species has been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Kostopoulos
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Célia Achaibou
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Noël
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
| | | | - Marc Robert
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Claire Fave
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France
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27
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Zhang R, Warren JJ. Controlling the Oxygen Reduction Selectivity of Asymmetric Cobalt Porphyrins by Using Local Electrostatic Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:13426-13434. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Simon Fraser University, Department of Chemistry, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Jeffrey J. Warren
- Simon Fraser University, Department of Chemistry, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada
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28
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Noel J, Kostopoulos N, Achaibou C, Fave C, Anxolabéhère‐Mallart E, Kanoufi F. Probing the Activity of Iron Peroxo Porphyrin Intermediates in the Reaction Layer during the Electrochemical Reductive Activation of O
2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikolaos Kostopoulos
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie MoléculaireCNRS 75006 Paris France
| | - Célia Achaibou
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie MoléculaireCNRS 75006 Paris France
| | - Claire Fave
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie MoléculaireCNRS 75006 Paris France
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29
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Noel JM, Kostopoulos N, Achaibou C, Fave C, Anxolabéhère-Mallart E, Kanoufi F. Probing the Activity of Iron Peroxo Porphyrin Intermediates in the Reaction Layer during the Electrochemical Reductive Activation of O 2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16376-16380. [PMID: 32543058 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report the first example of using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) to quantitatively analyze O2 reductive activation in organic media catalyzed by three different Fe porphyrins. For each porphyrin, SECM can provide in one single experiment the redox potential of various intermediates, the association constant of FeII with O2 , and the pKa of the FeIII (OOH- )/ FeIII (OO2- ) couple. The results obtained can contribute to a further understanding of the parameters controlling the catalytic efficiency of the Fe porphyrin towards O2 activation and reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikolaos Kostopoulos
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, CNRS, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Célia Achaibou
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, CNRS, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Claire Fave
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire, CNRS, 75006, Paris, France
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30
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Cobalt porphyrin supported on graphene/Ni (111) surface: Enhanced oxygen evolution/reduction reaction and the role of electron coupling. Catal Today 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2018.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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31
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Chandra A, Mebs S, Kundu S, Kuhlmann U, Hildebrandt P, Dau H, Ray K. Catalytic dioxygen reduction mediated by a tetranuclear cobalt complex supported on a stannoxane core. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:6065-6073. [PMID: 32319492 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00475h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, spectroscopic characterization (infrared, electron paramagnetic resonance and X-ray absorption spectroscopies) and density functional theoretical calculations of a tetranuclear cobalt complex Co4L1 involving a nonheme ligand system, L1, supported on a stannoxane core are reported. Co4L1, similar to the previously reported hexanuclear cobalt complex Co6L2, shows a unique ability to catalyze dioxygen (O2) reduction, where product selectivity can be changed from a preferential 4e-/4H+ dioxygen-reduction (to water) to a 2e-/2H+ process (to hydrogen peroxide) only by increasing the temperature from -50 to 30 °C. Detailed mechanistic insights were obtained on the basis of kinetic studies on the overall catalytic reaction as well as by low-temperature spectroscopic (UV-Vis, resonance Raman and X-ray absorption spectroscopies) trapping of the end-on μ-1,2-peroxodicobalt(iii) intermediate 1. The Co4L1- and Co6L2-mediated O2-reduction reactions exhibit different reaction kinetics, and yield different ratios of the 2e-/2H+ and 4e-/4H+ products at -50 °C, which can be attributed to the different stabilities of the μ-1,2-peroxodicobalt(iii) intermediates formed upon dioxygen activation in the two cases. The deep mechanistic insights into the transition-metal mediated dioxygen reduction process that are obtained from the present study should serve as useful and broadly applicable principles for future design of more efficient catalysts in fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Chandra
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
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32
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Kudas Z, Atmaca U, Saruhan T, Celik M, Ekinci D. Electrocatalytic Reduction of Oxygen at Glassy Carbon Electrodes Coated with Diazonium‐derived Porphyrin/Metalloporphyrin Films. ELECTROANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201900707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zuleyha Kudas
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of SciencesAtatürk University 25240 Erzurum Turkey
| | - Ufuk Atmaca
- Department of Food Processing, Oltu Vocational CollegeAtatürk University 25240 Erzurum Turkey
| | - Tuba Saruhan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of SciencesAtatürk University 25240 Erzurum Turkey
| | - Murat Celik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of SciencesAtatürk University 25240 Erzurum Turkey
| | - Duygu Ekinci
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of SciencesAtatürk University 25240 Erzurum Turkey
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33
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MacFarlane DR, Choi J, Suryanto BHR, Jalili R, Chatti M, Azofra LM, Simonov AN. Liquefied Sunshine: Transforming Renewables into Fertilizers and Energy Carriers with Electromaterials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1904804. [PMID: 31762106 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201904804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It has become apparent that renewable energy sources are plentiful in many, often remote, parts of the world, such that storing and transporting that energy has become the key challenge. For long-distance transportation by pipeline and bulk tanker, a liquid form of energy carrier is ideal, focusing attention on liquid hydrogen and ammonia. Development of high-activity and selectivity electrocatalyst materials to produce these energy carriers by reductive electrochemistry has therefore become an important area of research. Here, recent developments and challenges in the field of electrocatalytic materials for these processes are discussed, including the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR). Some of the mis-steps currently plaguing the nitrogen reduction to ammonia field are highlighted. The rapidly growing roles that in situ/operando and quantum chemical studies can play in new electromaterials discovery are also surveyed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R MacFarlane
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Jaecheol Choi
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Bryan H R Suryanto
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Rouhollah Jalili
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Manjunath Chatti
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Luis Miguel Azofra
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Campus de Tafira, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- CIDIA-FEAM (Unidad Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC, avalada por el Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla), Instituto de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Campus de Tafira, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Alexandr N Simonov
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
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34
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Nazemi Z, Prasad P, Chakraborty S. Kinetics of Oxygen Reduction by a Beta Barrel Heme Protein on Hyrid Bioelectrodes. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201901945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Nazemi
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Mississippi, University Mississippi MS 38677 USA
| | - Pallavi Prasad
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Mississippi, University Mississippi MS 38677 USA
| | - Saumen Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Mississippi, University Mississippi MS 38677 USA
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles W. Machan
- University of Virginia, McCormick Road,
PO Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, United States
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36
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Smith PT, Kim Y, Benke BP, Kim K, Chang CJ. Supramolecular Tuning Enables Selective Oxygen Reduction Catalyzed by Cobalt Porphyrins for Direct Electrosynthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:4902-4907. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter T. Smith
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720-1460 USA
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity (CSC) Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Bahiru Punja Benke
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity (CSC) Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Kimoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity (CSC) Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Christopher J. Chang
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720-1460 USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology University of California, Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720-1460 USA
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37
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Smith PT, Kim Y, Benke BP, Kim K, Chang CJ. Supramolecular Tuning Enables Selective Oxygen Reduction Catalyzed by Cobalt Porphyrins for Direct Electrosynthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter T. Smith
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720-1460 USA
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity (CSC) Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Bahiru Punja Benke
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity (CSC) Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Kimoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
- Center for Self-assembly and Complexity (CSC) Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Pohang 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Christopher J. Chang
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720-1460 USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology University of California, Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720-1460 USA
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38
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Chen X, Hu XM, Daasbjerg K, Ahlquist MSG. Understanding the Enhanced Catalytic CO2 Reduction upon Adhering Cobalt Porphyrin to Carbon Nanotubes and the Inverse Loading Effect. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Chen
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry & Biology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xin-Ming Hu
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kim Daasbjerg
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mårten S. G. Ahlquist
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry & Biology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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39
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Lee KJ, Gruninger CT, Lodaya KM, Qadeer S, Griffith BE, Dempsey JL. Analysis of multi-electron, multi-step homogeneous catalysis by rotating disc electrode voltammetry: theory, application, and obstacles. Analyst 2020; 145:1258-1278. [PMID: 31984999 DOI: 10.1039/c9an02192b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Rotating disc electrode (RDE) voltammetry has been widely adopted for the study of heterogenized molecular electrocatalysts for multi-step fuel-forming reactions but this tool has never been comprehensively applied to their homogeneous analogues. Here, the utility and limitations of RDE techniques for mechanistic and kinetic analysis of homogeneous molecular catalysts that mediate multi-electron, multi-substrate redox transformations are explored. Using the ECEC' reaction mechanism as a case study, two theoretical models are derived based on the Nernst diffusion layer model and the Hale transformation. Current-potential curves generated by these computational strategies are compared under a variety of limiting conditions to identify conditions under which the more minimalist Nernst Diffusion Layer approach can be applied. Based on this theoretical treatment, strategies for extracting kinetic information from the plateau current and the foot of the catalytic wave are derived. RDEV is applied to a cobaloxime hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalyst under non-aqueous conditions in order to experimentally validate this theoretical framework and explore the feasibility of RDE as a tool for studying homogeneous catalysts. Crucially, analysis of the foot-of-the-wave via this theoretical framework provides rate constants for elementary reaction steps that agree with those extracted from stationary voltammetric methods, supporting the application of RDE to study homogeneous fuel-forming catalysts. Finally, obstacles encountered during the kinetic analysis of cobaloxime, along with the voltammetric signatures used to diagnose this reactivity, are discussed with the goal of guiding groups working to improve RDE set-ups and help researchers avoid misinterpretation of RDE data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA 27599.
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40
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Hooe SL, Machan CW. Catalytic Reduction of O2 to H2O2 via a Mn Complex. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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41
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Sun Y, Silvioli L, Sahraie NR, Ju W, Li J, Zitolo A, Li S, Bagger A, Arnarson L, Wang X, Moeller T, Bernsmeier D, Rossmeisl J, Jaouen F, Strasser P. Activity-Selectivity Trends in the Electrochemical Production of Hydrogen Peroxide over Single-Site Metal-Nitrogen-Carbon Catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:12372-12381. [PMID: 31306016 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b05576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen-doped carbon materials featuring atomically dispersed metal cations (M-N-C) are an emerging family of materials with potential applications for electrocatalysis. The electrocatalytic activity of M-N-C materials toward four-electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) to H2O is a mainstream line of research for replacing platinum-group-metal-based catalysts at the cathode of fuel cells. However, fundamental and practical aspects of their electrocatalytic activity toward two-electron ORR to H2O2, a future green "dream" process for chemical industry, remain poorly understood. Here we combined computational and experimental efforts to uncover the trends in electrochemical H2O2 production over a series of M-N-C materials (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu) exclusively comprising atomically dispersed M-Nx sites from molecular first-principles to bench-scale electrolyzers operating at industrial current density. We investigated the effect of the nature of a 3d metal within a series of M-N-C catalysts on the electrocatalytic activity/selectivity for ORR (H2O2 and H2O products) and H2O2 reduction reaction (H2O2RR). Co-N-C catalyst was uncovered with outstanding H2O2 productivity considering its high ORR activity, highest H2O2 selectivity, and lowest H2O2RR activity. The activity-selectivity trend over M-N-C materials was further analyzed by density functional theory, providing molecular-scale understandings of experimental volcano trends for four- and two-electron ORR. The predicted binding energy of HO* intermediate over Co-N-C catalyst is located near the top of the volcano accounting for favorable two-electron ORR. The industrial H2O2 productivity over Co-N-C catalyst was demonstrated in a microflow cell, exhibiting an unprecedented production rate of more than 4 mol peroxide gcatalyst-1 h-1 at a current density of 50 mA cm-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Sun
- Department of Chemistry , Technical University of Berlin , 10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - Luca Silvioli
- Nano-Science Center, Department of Chemistry , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5 , 2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Nastaran Ranjbar Sahraie
- CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, UMR 5253 , Institut Charles Gerhardt de Montpellier , 34090 Montpellier , France
| | - Wen Ju
- Department of Chemistry , Technical University of Berlin , 10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - Jingkun Li
- CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, UMR 5253 , Institut Charles Gerhardt de Montpellier , 34090 Montpellier , France
| | - Andrea Zitolo
- Synchrotron SOLEIL , L'Orme des Merisiers , BP 48 Saint Aubin , 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette , France
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Chemistry , Technical University of Berlin , 10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - Alexander Bagger
- Nano-Science Center, Department of Chemistry , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5 , 2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Logi Arnarson
- Nano-Science Center, Department of Chemistry , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5 , 2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Xingli Wang
- Department of Chemistry , Technical University of Berlin , 10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - Tim Moeller
- Department of Chemistry , Technical University of Berlin , 10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - Denis Bernsmeier
- Department of Chemistry , Technical University of Berlin , 10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - Jan Rossmeisl
- Nano-Science Center, Department of Chemistry , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5 , 2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Frédéric Jaouen
- CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, UMR 5253 , Institut Charles Gerhardt de Montpellier , 34090 Montpellier , France
| | - Peter Strasser
- Department of Chemistry , Technical University of Berlin , 10623 Berlin , Germany
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42
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Wang YH, Schneider PE, Goldsmith ZK, Mondal B, Hammes-Schiffer S, Stahl SS. Brønsted Acid Scaling Relationships Enable Control Over Product Selectivity from O 2 Reduction with a Mononuclear Cobalt Porphyrin Catalyst. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2019; 5:1024-1034. [PMID: 31263762 PMCID: PMC6598176 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.9b00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The selective reduction of O2, typically with the goal of forming H2O, represents a long-standing challenge in the field of catalysis. Macrocyclic transition-metal complexes, and cobalt porphyrins in particular, have been the focus of extensive study as catalysts for this reaction. Here, we show that the mononuclear Co-tetraarylporphyrin complex, Co(porOMe) (porOMe = meso-tetra(4-methoxyphenyl)porphyrin), catalyzes either 2e-/2H+ or 4e-/4H+ reduction of O2 with high selectivity simply by changing the identity of the Brønsted acid in dimethylformamide (DMF). The thermodynamic potentials for O2 reduction to H2O2 or H2O in DMF are determined and exhibit a Nernstian dependence on the acid pK a, while the CoIII/II redox potential is independent of the acid pK a. The reaction product, H2O or H2O2, is defined by the relationship between the thermodynamic potential for O2 reduction to H2O2 and the CoIII/II redox potential: selective H2O2 formation is observed when the CoIII/II potential is below the O2/H2O2 potential, while H2O formation is observed when the CoIII/II potential is above the O2/H2O2 potential. Mechanistic studies reveal that the reactions generating H2O2 and H2O exhibit different rate laws and catalyst resting states, and these differences are manifested as different slopes in linear free energy correlations between the log(rate) versus pK a and log(rate) versus effective overpotential for the reactions. This work shows how scaling relationships may be used to control product selectivity, and it provides a mechanistic basis for the pursuit of molecular catalysts that achieve low overpotential reduction of O2 to H2O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Heng Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Patrick E. Schneider
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Zachary K. Goldsmith
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Biswajit Mondal
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Sharon Hammes-Schiffer
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- E-mail:
| | - Shannon S. Stahl
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- E-mail:
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43
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Lieske LE, Hooe SL, Nichols AW, Machan CW. Electrocatalytic reduction of dioxygen by Mn(iii) meso-tetra(N-methylpyridinium-4-yl)porphyrin in universal buffer. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:8633-8641. [PMID: 31116202 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01436e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The electrochemical characterization of manganese(iii) meso-tetra(N-methylpyridinium-4-yl)porphyrin pentachloride ([Mn(TMPyP)Cl][Cl]4) via cyclic voltammetry (CV) and UV-vis spectroelectrochemistry (UV-vis SEC) was performed across the entire pH domain in aqueous buffered conditions. Assessment of the homogeneous electrocatalytic efficiency for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) from pH 3 to 6 using rotating-ring disk electrode experiments (RRDE) found it to be selective for water (82 to 93%). The observed efficiency for water is in contrast to previous reports on electrocatalytic ORR activity by Mn porphyrins in aqueous systems, which identified H2O2 as the primary product using indirect RDE methods only. The results described here are consistent with recent reports on the electrocatalytic behavior of Mn porphyrins under nonaqueous conditions, where the similar selectivity for water was also determined by RRDE methods. At pH 1, UV-vis SEC experiments also revealed that decomposition was occurring; free-base porphyrin was observed after the application of reducing potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Lieske
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4319, USA.
| | - Shelby L Hooe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4319, USA.
| | - Asa W Nichols
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4319, USA.
| | - Charles W Machan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4319, USA.
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44
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Anxolabéhère-Mallart E, Bonin J, Fave C, Robert M. Small-molecule activation with iron porphyrins using electrons, photons and protons: some recent advances and future strategies. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:5869-5878. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00136k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Substituted tetraphenyl Fe porphyrins are versatile molecular catalysts for the activation of small molecules (such as O2, H+ or CO2), which could lead to renewable energy storage, the direct production of fuels or new catalytic relevant processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Anxolabéhère-Mallart
- Université Paris Diderot
- Sorbonne Paris Cité
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire
- UMR 7591 CNRS
- F-75205 Paris Cedex 13
| | - Julien Bonin
- Université Paris Diderot
- Sorbonne Paris Cité
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire
- UMR 7591 CNRS
- F-75205 Paris Cedex 13
| | - Claire Fave
- Université Paris Diderot
- Sorbonne Paris Cité
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire
- UMR 7591 CNRS
- F-75205 Paris Cedex 13
| | - Marc Robert
- Université Paris Diderot
- Sorbonne Paris Cité
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Moléculaire
- UMR 7591 CNRS
- F-75205 Paris Cedex 13
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45
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Hötger D, Abufager P, Morchutt C, Alexa P, Grumelli D, Dreiser J, Stepanow S, Gambardella P, Busnengo HF, Etzkorn M, Gutzler R, Kern K. On-surface transmetalation of metalloporphyrins. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:21116-21122. [PMID: 30406233 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr04786c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Increasing the complexity of 2D metal-organic networks has led to the fabrication of structures with interesting magnetic and catalytic properties. However, increasing complexity by providing different coordination environments for different metal types imposes limitations on their synthesis if the controlled placement of one metal type into one coordination environment is desired. Whereas metal insertion into free-base porphyrins at the vacuum/solid interface has been thoroughly studied, providing detailed insight into the mechanisms at play, the chemical interaction of a metal atom with a metallated porphyrin is rarely investigated. Herein, the breadth of metalation reactions is augmented towards the metal exchange of a metalloporphyrin through the deliberate addition of atomic metal centers. The cation of Fe(ii)-tetraphenylporphyrins can be replaced by Co in a redox transmetalation-like reaction on a Au(111) surface. Likewise, Cu can be replaced by Co. The reverse reaction does not occur, i.e. Fe does not replace Co in the porphyrin. This non-reversible exchange is investigated in detail by X-ray absorption spectroscopy complemented by scanning tunneling microscopy. Density functional theory illuminates possible reaction pathways and leads to the conclusion that the transmetalation proceeds through the adsorption of initially metallic (neutral) Co onto the porphyrin and the expulsion of Fe towards the surface accompanied by Co insertion. Our findings have important implications for the fabrication of porphyrin layers on surfaces when subject to the additional deposition of metals. Mixed-metal porphyrin layers can be fabricated by design in a solvent-free process, but conversely care must be taken that the transmetalation does not proceed as an undesired side reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Hötger
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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Passard G, Dogutan DK, Qiu M, Costentin C, Nocera DG. Oxygen Reduction Reaction Promoted by Manganese Porphyrins. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b01944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Passard
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Dilek K. Dogutan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Mengting Qiu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Cyrille Costentin
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Moléculaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche Université - CNRS No. 7591, Bâtiment Lavoisier, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 15 rue Jean de Baïf, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Daniel G. Nocera
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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48
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Bhunia S, Rana A, Roy P, Martin DJ, Pegis ML, Roy B, Dey A. Rational Design of Mononuclear Iron Porphyrins for Facile and Selective 4e -/4H + O 2 Reduction: Activation of O-O Bond by 2nd Sphere Hydrogen Bonding. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:9444-9457. [PMID: 29975839 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b02983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Facile and selective 4e-/4H+ electrochemical reduction of O2 to H2O in aqueous medium has been a sought-after goal for several decades. Elegant but synthetically demanding cytochrome c oxidase mimics have demonstrated selective 4e-/4H+ electrochemical O2 reduction to H2O is possible with rate constants as fast as 105 M-1 s-1 under heterogeneous conditions in aqueous media. Over the past few years, in situ mechanistic investigations on iron porphyrin complexes adsorbed on electrodes have revealed that the rate and selectivity of this multielectron and multiproton process is governed by the reactivity of a ferric hydroperoxide intermediate. The barrier of O-O bond cleavage determines the overall rate of O2 reduction and the site of protonation determines the selectivity. In this report, a series of mononuclear iron porphyrin complexes are rationally designed to achieve efficient O-O bond activation and site-selective proton transfer to effect facile and selective electrochemical reduction of O2 to water. Indeed, these crystallographically characterized complexes accomplish facile and selective reduction of O2 with rate constants >107 M-1 s-1 while retaining >95% selectivity when adsorbed on electrode surfaces (EPG) in water. These oxygen reduction reaction rate constants are 2 orders of magnitude faster than all known heme/Cu complexes and these complexes retain >90% selectivity even under rate determining electron transfer conditions that generally can only be achieved by installing additional redox active groups in the catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmistha Bhunia
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , 2A Raja SC Mullick Road , Kolkata , West Bengal 700032 , India
| | - Atanu Rana
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , 2A Raja SC Mullick Road , Kolkata , West Bengal 700032 , India
| | - Pronay Roy
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , 2A Raja SC Mullick Road , Kolkata , West Bengal 700032 , India
| | - Daniel J Martin
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , United States
| | - Michael L Pegis
- Department of Chemistry , Yale University , New Haven , Connecticut 06520 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Bijan Roy
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , 2A Raja SC Mullick Road , Kolkata , West Bengal 700032 , India
| | - Abhishek Dey
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , 2A Raja SC Mullick Road , Kolkata , West Bengal 700032 , India
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49
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Zahran ZN, Mohamed EA, Haleem AA, Naruta Y. Efficient Solar-Assisted O2
Reduction Using a Cofacial Iron Porphyrin Dimer Catalyst Integrated into a p-CuBi2
O4
Photocathode. Chemistry 2018; 24:10606-10611. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zaki N. Zahran
- Center for Chemical Energy Conversion Research; Institute for Science and Technology Research; Chubu University; Kasugai 487-8501 Japan
- Faculty of Science; Tanta University; Tanta 31527 Egypt
| | - Eman A. Mohamed
- Center for Chemical Energy Conversion Research; Institute for Science and Technology Research; Chubu University; Kasugai 487-8501 Japan
| | - Ashraf Abdel Haleem
- Center for Chemical Energy Conversion Research; Institute for Science and Technology Research; Chubu University; Kasugai 487-8501 Japan
- Department of Engineering Mathematics and Physics; Faculty of Engineering; Fayoum University; Fayoum Egypt
| | - Yoshinori Naruta
- Center for Chemical Energy Conversion Research; Institute for Science and Technology Research; Chubu University; Kasugai 487-8501 Japan
- JST ACT-C, Kawaguchi; Saitama 332-0012 Japan
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50
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Huang X, Groves JT. Oxygen Activation and Radical Transformations in Heme Proteins and Metalloporphyrins. Chem Rev 2018; 118:2491-2553. [PMID: 29286645 PMCID: PMC5855008 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 567] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
As a result of the adaptation of life to an aerobic environment, nature has evolved a panoply of metalloproteins for oxidative metabolism and protection against reactive oxygen species. Despite the diverse structures and functions of these proteins, they share common mechanistic grounds. An open-shell transition metal like iron or copper is employed to interact with O2 and its derived intermediates such as hydrogen peroxide to afford a variety of metal-oxygen intermediates. These reactive intermediates, including metal-superoxo, -(hydro)peroxo, and high-valent metal-oxo species, are the basis for the various biological functions of O2-utilizing metalloproteins. Collectively, these processes are called oxygen activation. Much of our understanding of the reactivity of these reactive intermediates has come from the study of heme-containing proteins and related metalloporphyrin compounds. These studies not only have deepened our understanding of various functions of heme proteins, such as O2 storage and transport, degradation of reactive oxygen species, redox signaling, and biological oxygenation, etc., but also have driven the development of bioinorganic chemistry and biomimetic catalysis. In this review, we survey the range of O2 activation processes mediated by heme proteins and model compounds with a focus on recent progress in the characterization and reactivity of important iron-oxygen intermediates. Representative reactions initiated by these reactive intermediates as well as some context from prior decades will also be presented. We will discuss the fundamental mechanistic features of these transformations and delineate the underlying structural and electronic factors that contribute to the spectrum of reactivities that has been observed in nature as well as those that have been invented using these paradigms. Given the recent developments in biocatalysis for non-natural chemistries and the renaissance of radical chemistry in organic synthesis, we envision that new enzymatic and synthetic transformations will emerge based on the radical processes mediated by metalloproteins and their synthetic analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongyi Huang
- Department
of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - John T. Groves
- Department
of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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