1
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Wu Y, Xin Y, Pan Y, Yiu SM, Yan J, Lau KC, Duan L, Chi Y. Ir(III) Metal Emitters with Cyano-Modified Imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-ylidene Chelates for Deep-Blue Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2309389. [PMID: 38689505 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Ir(III) carbene complexes have been explored as one of the best blue phosphors for their high performance. Herein, the authors designed and synthesized a series of blue-emitting Ir(III) phosphors (f-ct9a-c), featuring fac-coordinated cyano-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-ylidene cyclometalates. These Ir(III) complexes exhibit true-blue emission with a peak maximum spanning 448-467 nm, with high photoluminescence quantum yields of 81-88% recorded in degassed toluene. Moreover, OLED devices bearing phosphors f-ct9a and f-ct9b deliver maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQEmax) of 25.9% and 30.3%, together with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIEx,y) coordinates of (0.157, 0.225) and (0.142, 0.169), respectively. Remarkably, the f-ct9b-based device displays an incredible EQE of 29.0% at 5000 cd·m-2. The hyper-OLED device based on f-ct9b and ν-DABNA exhibits an EQEmax of 34.7% and CIEx,y coordinates of (0.122, 0.131), affirming high potentials in achieving efficient blue electroluminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, 999077, China
| | - Yangyang Xin
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yi Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, 999077, China
| | - Shek-Man Yiu
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, 999077, China
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, 999077, China
| | - Kai Chung Lau
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, 999077, China
| | - Lian Duan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yun Chi
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, 999077, China
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2
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Mohan M, Pham DJ, Fluck A, Chapuis S, Chaumont A, Kauffmann B, Barloy L, Mobian P. A Chiral [2+3] Covalent Organic Cage Based on 1,1'-Bi-2-naphthol (BINOL) Units. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400458. [PMID: 38427204 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
A [2+3] chiral covalent organic cage is produced through a dynamic covalent chemistry approach by mixing two readily available building units, viz. an enantiopure 3,3'-diformyl 2,2'-BINOL compound (A) with a triamino spacer (B). The two enantiomeric (R,R,R) and (S,S,S) forms of the cage C are formed nearly quantitatively thanks to the reversibility of the imine linkage. The X-ray diffraction analysis of cage (S,S,S)-C highlights that the six OH functions of the BINOL fragments are positioned inside the cage cavity. Upon reduction of the imine bonds of cage C, the amine cage D is obtained. The ability of the cage D to host the 1-phenylethylammonium cation (EH+) as a guest is evaluated through UV, CD and DOSY NMR studies. A higher binding constant for (R)-EH+ cation (Ka=1.7 106±10 % M-1) related to (S)-EH+ (Ka=0.9 106±10 % M-1) is determined in the presence of the (R,R,R)-D cage. This enantiopreference is in close agreement with molecular dynamics simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midhun Mohan
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et Fonctions des Architectures Moléculaire (SFAM), UMR 7140 (CMC), Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032, 67081, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - David-Jérôme Pham
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et Fonctions des Architectures Moléculaire (SFAM), UMR 7140 (CMC), Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032, 67081, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Audrey Fluck
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et Fonctions des Architectures Moléculaire (SFAM), UMR 7140 (CMC), Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032, 67081, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Simon Chapuis
- Laboratoire de Modélisation et Simulations Moléculaires, UMR 7140 (CMC), Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032, 67081, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Alain Chaumont
- Laboratoire de Modélisation et Simulations Moléculaires, UMR 7140 (CMC), Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032, 67081, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Brice Kauffmann
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, IECB, US1, UAR 3033, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Laurent Barloy
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et Fonctions des Architectures Moléculaire (SFAM), UMR 7140 (CMC), Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032, 67081, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Pierre Mobian
- Laboratoire de Synthèse et Fonctions des Architectures Moléculaire (SFAM), UMR 7140 (CMC), Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032, 67081, Strasbourg Cedex, France
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3
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Liang ZL, Zhang ZH, Jiao YE, Xu H, Hu HS, Zhao B. Highly Stable 72-Nuclearity Nanocages for Efficient Synthesis of Aryl Nitriles via Ni/Cu Synergistic Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10776-10784. [PMID: 38578219 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Seeking noble-metal-free catalysts for efficient synthesis of aryl nitriles under mild conditions poses a significant challenge due to the use of hypertoxic cyanides or high-pressure/temperature NH3/O2 in conventional synthesis processes. Herein, we developed a novel framework 1 assembled by [Ni72] nanocages with excellent solvents/pH stability. To investigate the structure-activity relationship of catalytic performance, several isostructural MOFs with different molar ratios of Ni/Cu by doping Cu2+ into framework 1 (Ni0.59Cu0.41 (2), Ni0.81Cu0.19 (3), Ni0.88Cu0.12 (4), and Ni0.92Cu0.08 (5)) were prepared. Catalytic studies revealed that catalyst 3 exhibited remarkable performance in the synthesis of aryl nitriles, utilizing a formamide alternative to hypertoxic NaCN/KCN. Notably, catalyst 3 achieved an excellent TOF value of 9.8 h-1. Furthermore, catalyst 3 demonstrated its applicability in a gram-scale experiment and maintained its catalytic performance even after six recycling cycles, owing to its high stability resulting from significant electrostatic and orbital interactions between the Ni center and ligands as well as a large SOMO-LUMO energy gap supported by DFT calculations. Control experiments and DFT calculations further revealed that the excellent catalytic performance of catalyst 3 originated from the synergistic effect of Ni/Cu. Importantly, this work not only provides a highly feasible method to construct highly stable MOFs containing multinuclear nanocages with exceptional catalytic performance but also represents the first example of a heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of aryl nitriles using formamide as the cyanide source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Long Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education), and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zi-He Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yue-E Jiao
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education), and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hang Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education), and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Han-Shi Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Material Chemistry (Ministry of Education), and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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4
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Zhang M, He Z, Wang L, Zhang X, Li G. Isomorphous Substitution of Organic Cage Crystal by Pd Nanoclusters for Selective Hydrogenation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308400. [PMID: 37948438 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
For supporting active metal, the cavity confinement and mass transfer facilitation lie not in one sack, a trade-off between high activity and good stability of the catalyst is present. Porous organic cages (POCs) are expected to break the trade-off when metal particles are properly loaded. Herein, three organic cages (CC3, RCC3, and FT-RCC3) are employed to support Pd nanoclusters for catalytic hydrogenation. Subnanometer Pd clusters locate differently in different cage frameworks by using the same reverse double-solvents approach. Compared with those encapsulated in the intrinsic cavity of RCC3 and anchored on the outer surface of CC3, the Pd nanoclusters orderly assembled in FT-RCC3 crystal via isomorphous substitution exhibit superior activity, high selectivity, and good stability for semi-hydrogenation of phenylacetylene. Isomorphous substitution of FT-RCC3 crystal by Pd nanoclusters is originated from high crystallization capacity of FT-RCC3 and specific interaction of each Pd nanocluster with four cage windows. Both confinement function and H2 accumulation capacity of FT-RCC3 are fully utilized to support active Pd nanoclusters for efficient selective hydrogenation. The present results provide a new perspective to the heterogeneous catalysis field in terms of crystalizing metal nanoclusters in POC framework and outside the cage for making the best use of both parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zexing He
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiangwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Guozhu Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
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5
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Peng Y, Su Z, Jin M, Zhu L, Guan ZJ, Fang Y. Recent advances in porous molecular cages for photocatalytic organic conversions. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:15216-15232. [PMID: 37492891 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01679j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic organic conversion is considered an efficient, environmentally friendly, and energy-saving strategy for organic synthesis. In recent decades, the molecular cage has emerged as a creative functional material with broad applications in host-guest recognition, drug delivery, catalysis, intelligent materials and other fields. Based on the unique properties of porous molecular cage materials, they provide an ideal platform for leveraging pre-structuring in catalytic reactions and show great potential in various photocatalytic organic reactions. As a result, they have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional molecules or inorganic photocatalysts in redox processes. In this Review, the synthesis strategies based on coordination cages and organic cages, as well as their recent progress in photocatalytic organic conversion, are comprehensively summarized. Finally, we deliver the persistent challenges associated with porous molecular cage compounds that need to be overcome for further development in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Peng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhifang Su
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Meng Jin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Zong-Jie Guan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Fang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China
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6
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Mihara N, Machida A, Takeda Y, Shiga T, Ishii A, Nihei M. Formation and Growth of Atomic Scale Seeds of Au Nanoparticle in the Nanospace of an Organic Cage Molecule. Chemistry 2023:e202302604. [PMID: 37743250 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Seed-mediated growth has been widely used to synthesize noble metal nanoparticles with controlled size and shape. Although it is becoming possible to directly observe the nucleation process of metal atoms at the single atom level by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), it is challenging to control the formation and growth of seeds with only a few metal atoms in homogeneous solution systems. This work reports site-selective formation and growth of atomic scale seeds of the Au nanoparticle in a nanospace of an organic cage molecule. We synthesized a cage molecule with amines and phenols, which were found to both capture and reduce Au(III) ions to spontaneously form the atomic scale seeds containing Au(0) in the nanospace. The growth reaction of the atomic scale seeds afforded Au nanoparticles with an average diameter of 2.0±0.2 nm, which is in good agreement with the inner diameter of the cage molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Mihara
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Ayaka Machida
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Yuko Takeda
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Takuya Shiga
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Ayumi Ishii
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Okubo 3-4-1, Shinjyuku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Masayuki Nihei
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
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7
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Chen Q, Li Z, Lei Y, Chen Y, Tang H, Wu G, Sun B, Wei Y, Jiao T, Zhang S, Huang F, Wang L, Li H. The sharp structural switch of covalent cages mediated by subtle variation of directing groups. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4627. [PMID: 37532710 PMCID: PMC10397198 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40255-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It is considered a more formidable task to precisely control the self-assembled products containing purely covalent components, due to a lack of intrinsic templates such as transition metals to suppress entropy loss during self-assembly. Here, we attempt to tackle this challenge by using directing groups. That is, the self-assembly products of condensing a 1:2 mixture of a tetraformyl and a biamine can be precisely controlled by slightly changing the substituent groups in the aldehyde precursor. This is because different directing groups provide hydrogen bonds with different modes to the adjacent imine units, so that the building blocks are endowed with totally different conformations. Each conformation favors the formation of a specific product that is thus produced selectively, including chiral and achiral cages. These results of using a specific directing group to favor a target product pave the way for accomplishing atom economy in synthesizing purely covalent molecules without relying on toxic transition metal templates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Zhaoyong Li
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Ye Lei
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Yixin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Hua Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Guangcheng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Bin Sun
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, PR China
| | - Yuxi Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Tianyu Jiao
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Songna Zhang
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, PR China.
| | - Feihe Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, PR China.
| | - Linjun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, PR China.
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8
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Yang Z, Esteve F, Antheaume C, Lehn JM. Dynamic covalent self-assembly and self-sorting processes in the formation of imine-based macrocycles and macrobicyclic cages. Chem Sci 2023; 14:6631-6642. [PMID: 37350816 PMCID: PMC10284075 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01174g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigating the self-assembly and self-sorting behaviour of dynamic covalent organic architectures makes possible the parallel generation of multiple discrete products in a single one pot procedure. We here report the self-assembly of covalent organic macrocycles and macrobicyclic cages from dialdehyde and polyamine components via multiple [2 + 2] and [3 + 2] polyimine condensations. Furthermore, component self-sorting processes have been monitored within the dynamic covalent libraries formed by these macrocycles and macrobicyclic cages. The progressive assembly of the final structures involves intermediates which undergo component selection and self-correction to generate the final thermodynamic constituents. The homo-self-sorting observed seems to involve entropic factors, as the homoleptic species present a higher symmetry than the competing heteroleptic ones. This study not only emphasizes the importance of an adequate design of the components of complex self-sorting systems, but also verifies the conjecture that systems of higher complexity may generate simpler outputs through the operation of competitive self-sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaozheng Yang
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM), Sun Yat-Sen University 510006 Guangzhou China
- Laboratoire de Chimie Supramoléculaire, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), Université de Strasbourg 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Ferran Esteve
- Laboratoire de Chimie Supramoléculaire, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), Université de Strasbourg 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Cyril Antheaume
- Laboratoire de Chimie Supramoléculaire, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), Université de Strasbourg 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Jean-Marie Lehn
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM), Sun Yat-Sen University 510006 Guangzhou China
- Laboratoire de Chimie Supramoléculaire, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), Université de Strasbourg 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
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9
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Zhang Q, Zhou JH, Tan LX, Zhang SY, Sun JK. Immobilizing Metal Nanoparticles on Hierarchically Porous Organic Cages with Size Control for Enhanced Catalysis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:23671-23678. [PMID: 37142548 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Incorporating metal nanoparticles (MNPs) into porous composites with controlled size and spatial distributions is beneficial for a broad range of applications, but it remains a synthetic challenge. Here, we present a method to immobilize a series of highly dispersed MNPs (Pd, Ir, Pt, Rh, and Ru) with controlled size (<2 nm) on hierarchically micro- and mesoporous organic cage supports. Specifically, the metal-ionic surfactant complexes serve as both metal precursors and mesopore-forming agents during self-assembly with a microporous imine cage CC3, resulting in a uniform distribution of metal precursors across the resultant supports. The functional heads on the ionic surfactants as binding sites, together with the nanoconfinement of pores, guide the nucleation and growth of MNPs and prevent their agglomeration after chemical reduction. Moreover, the as-synthesized Pd NPs exhibit remarkable activity and selectivity in the tandem reaction due to the advantages of ultrasmall particle size and improved mass diffusion facilitated by the hierarchical pores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Hao Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China
| | - Liang-Xiao Tan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China
| | - Su-Yun Zhang
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Ke Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, P. R. China
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10
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Abstract
Porous organic cages (POCs) are a relatively new class of low-density crystalline materials that have emerged as a versatile platform for investigating molecular recognition, gas storage and separation, and proton conduction, with potential applications in the fields of porous liquids, highly permeable membranes, heterogeneous catalysis, and microreactors. In common with highly extended porous structures, such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and porous organic polymers (POPs), POCs possess all of the advantages of highly specific surface areas, porosities, open pore channels, and tunable structures. In addition, they have discrete molecular structures and exhibit good to excellent solubilities in common solvents, enabling their solution dispersibility and processability─properties that are not readily available in the case of the well-established, insoluble, extended porous frameworks. Here, we present a critical review summarizing in detail recent progress and breakthroughs─especially during the past five years─of all the POCs while taking a close look at their strategic design, precise synthesis, including both irreversible bond-forming chemistry and dynamic covalent chemistry, advanced characterization, and diverse applications. We highlight representative POC examples in an attempt to gain some understanding of their structure-function relationships. We also discuss future challenges and opportunities in the design, synthesis, characterization, and application of POCs. We anticipate that this review will be useful to researchers working in this field when it comes to designing and developing new POCs with desired functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchun Yang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Energy Engineering/Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zakir Ullah
- Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, South Korea
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Cafer T Yavuz
- Oxide & Organic Nanomaterials for Energy & Environment Laboratory, Physical Science & Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 4700 KAUST, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
- Advanced Membranes & Porous Materials Center, PSE, KAUST, 4700 KAUST, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
- KAUST Catalysis Center, PSE, KAUST, 4700 KAUST, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Sun YL, Wang Z, Ma H, Zhang QP, Yang BB, Meng X, Zhang Y, Zhang C. Chiral emissive porous organic cages. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:302-305. [PMID: 36507910 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05283k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A pair of chiral, emissive and porous tubular multi-functional organic molecular cages were synthesized easily by imine chemistry of 4,4',4'',4'''-(ethene-1,1,2,2-tetrayl)-tetrabenzaldehyde (ETTBA) with (R,R)- or (S,S)-diaminocyclohexane (CHDA). It was found that the chirality of CHDA was transferred and amplified to tetraphenylethylene (TPE) in the process of formation of cages, which further endowed the cages with circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) characteristics. As a result of the synergy of the chirality and porous structure in the solid state, both cages exhibited a good chiral adsorption enantioselectivity to a series of aromatic racemates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Sun
- College of Life Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Zhen Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China. .,Technology Institute, National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Yarn and Fabric Formation and Clean Production, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430200, China
| | - Hui Ma
- College of Life Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Qing-Pu Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Bin-Bin Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Xianggao Meng
- College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
| | - Yaohua Zhang
- Technology R&D Center, Hubei Tobacco (Group) Co., Ltd, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Chun Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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12
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Noble Metal Nanoparticles Meet Molecular Cages: A tale of Integration and Synergy. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2022.101660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Shi H, Luo S, Ma H, Yu W, Wei X. Tuning the Properties of Metal‐Organic Cages through Platinum Nanoparticle Encapsulation. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua‐Tian Shi
- Analysis and Testing Central Facility Institutes of Molecular Engineering and Applied Chemistry Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan 243002 P. R. China
| | - Shi‐Ting Luo
- Analysis and Testing Central Facility Institutes of Molecular Engineering and Applied Chemistry Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan 243002 P. R. China
| | - Hui‐Rong Ma
- Analysis and Testing Central Facility Institutes of Molecular Engineering and Applied Chemistry Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan 243002 P. R. China
| | - Weibin Yu
- Analysis and Testing Central Facility Institutes of Molecular Engineering and Applied Chemistry Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan 243002 P. R. China
| | - Xianwen Wei
- Analysis and Testing Central Facility Institutes of Molecular Engineering and Applied Chemistry Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan 243002 P. R. China
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14
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Qin J, Han B, Liu X, Dai W, Wang Y, Luo H, Lu X, Nie J, Xian C, Zhang Z. An enzyme-mimic single Fe-N 3 atom catalyst for the oxidative synthesis of nitriles via C─C bond cleavage strategy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadd1267. [PMID: 36206338 PMCID: PMC9544340 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add1267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The cleavage and functionalization of recalcitrant carbon─carbon bonds is highly challenging but represents a very powerful tool for value-added transformation of feedstock chemicals. Here, an enzyme-mimic iron single-atom catalyst (SAC) bearing iron (III) nitride (FeN3) motifs was prepared and found to be robust for cleavage and cyanation of carbon-carbon bonds in secondary alcohols and ketones. High nitrile yields are obtained with a wide variety of functional groups. The prepared FeN3-SAC exhibits high enzyme-like activity and is capable of generating a dioxygen-to-superoxide radical at room temperature, while the commonly reported FeN4-SAC bearing FeN4 motifs was inactive. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation reveals that the activation energy of dioxygen activation and the activation energy of the rate-determining step of nitrile formation are lower over FeN3-SAC than FeN4-SAC. In addition, DFT calculation also explains the catalyst's high selectivity for nitriles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Sciences of the Ministry of Education, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Bo Han
- Sustainable Energy Laboratory, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xixi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Sciences of the Ministry of Education, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Wen Dai
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Yanxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Sciences of the Ministry of Education, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Huihui Luo
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Sciences of the Ministry of Education, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jiabao Nie
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Sciences of the Ministry of Education, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Chensheng Xian
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Sciences of the Ministry of Education, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Zehui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Sciences of the Ministry of Education, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
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15
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Thomas CM, Liang W, Preston D, Doonan CJ, White NG. Post‐Synthetic Modification of a Porous Hydrocarbon Cage to Give a Discrete Co
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Organometallic Complex**. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200958. [PMID: 35863888 PMCID: PMC9544953 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A new alkyne‐based hydrocarbon cage was synthesized in high overall yield using alkyne‐alkyne coupling in the cage forming step. The cage is porous and displays a moderately high BET surface area (546 m2 g−1). The cage loses crystallinity on activation and thus is porous in its amorphous form, while very similar cages have been either non‐porous, or retained crystallinity on activation. Reaction of the cage with Co2(CO)8 results in exhaustive metalation of its 12 alkyne groups to give the Co24(CO)72 adduct of the cage in good yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chriso M. Thomas
- Research School of ChemistryThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACTAustralia
| | - Weibin Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced MaterialsThe University of AdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Dan Preston
- Research School of ChemistryThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACTAustralia
| | - Christian J. Doonan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced MaterialsThe University of AdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Nicholas G. White
- Research School of ChemistryThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACTAustralia
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16
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Bhandari P, Mukherjee PS. Post‐Synthesis Conversion of an Unstable Imine Cage to a Stable Cage with Amide Moieties Towards Selective Receptor for Fluoride. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201901. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pallab Bhandari
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Partha Sarathi Mukherjee
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
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17
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Tao R, Zhao X, Zhao T, Zhao M, Li R, Yang T, Tang L, Jin Y, Zhang W, Qiu L. Cage-Confinement Induced Emission Enhancement. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:6604-6611. [PMID: 35833794 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As a proof-of-concept study, Imi-cage and Phos-cage organic molecular cages (OMCs) containing the triphenylphosphine (TPP) moiety, a nonclassic AIE luminogen (AIEgen), have been designed to demonstrate the cage-confinement induced emission enhancement (CCIEE). Thanks to the confinement effect of OMCs, the rigid Imi-cage exhibits much higher photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (ΦPL) than the open-shell Semicage and small molecule TPP in both solution and amorphous solid states. The emission of Phos-cage could be further enhanced in crystalline solid state with a remarkably high ΦPL of 97.6% (vs 3.47% of crystalline TPP) benefiting from AIE enabled by the highly ordered molecular packing. The novel strategy of CCIEE via confining an AIEgen into an OMC to achieve a significant emission enhancement will shed light on the development of solid-state highly fluorescent materials. The fluorescent nature of Imi-cage was further exploited for the ultrahighly sensitive detection of the explosive picric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rao Tao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Tianshu Zhao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Ruiyang Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Tianfu Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Lizhi Tang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Yinghua Jin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Li Qiu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
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18
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Vatsadze SZ, Maximov AL, Bukhtiyarov VI. Supramolecular Effects and Systems in Catalysis. A Review. DOKLADY CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0012500822010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Saha R, Mondal B, Mukherjee PS. Molecular Cavity for Catalysis and Formation of Metal Nanoparticles for Use in Catalysis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:12244-12307. [PMID: 35438968 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The employment of weak intermolecular interactions in supramolecular chemistry offers an alternative approach to project artificial chemical environments like the active sites of enzymes. Discrete molecular architectures with defined shapes and geometries have become a revolutionary field of research in recent years because of their intrinsic porosity and ease of synthesis using dynamic non-covalent/covalent interactions. Several porous molecular cages have been constructed from simple building blocks by self-assembly, which undergoes many self-correction processes to form the final architecture. These supramolecular systems have been developed to demonstrate numerous applications, such as guest stabilization, drug delivery, catalysis, smart materials, and many other related fields. In this respect, catalysis in confined nanospaces using such supramolecular cages has seen significant growth over the years. These porous discrete cages contain suitable apertures for easy intake of substrates and smooth release of products to exhibit exceptional catalytic efficacy. This review highlights recent advancements in catalytic activity influenced by the nanocavities of hydrogen-bonded cages, metal-ligand coordination cages, and dynamic or reversible covalently bonded organic cages in different solvent media. Synthetic strategies for these three types of supramolecular systems are discussed briefly and follow similar and simplistic approaches manifested by simple starting materials and benign conditions. These examples demonstrate the progress of various functionalized molecular cages for specific chemical transformations in aqueous and nonaqueous media. Finally, we discuss the enduring challenges related to porous cage compounds that need to be overcome for further developments in this field of work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupak Saha
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012, India
| | - Bijnaneswar Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur-495 009, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Partha Sarathi Mukherjee
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560 012, India
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20
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Liu T, Bai S, Zhang L, Hahn FE, Han YF. N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Stabilized Metal Nanoparticles within Porous Organic Cages for Catalytic Applications. Natl Sci Rev 2022; 9:nwac067. [PMID: 35673537 PMCID: PMC9166563 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwac067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuning the surface-embellishing ligands of metal nanoparticles (NPs) is a powerful strategy to modulate their morphology and surface electronic and functional features, impacting their catalytic activity and selectivity. In this work, we report the design and synthesis of a polytriazolium organic cage PIC-T, capable of stabilizing PdNPs within its discrete cavity. The obtained material (denoted Pd@PCC-T) is highly durable and monodispersed with narrow particle-size distribution of 2.06 ± 0.02 nm, exhibiting excellent catalytic performance and recyclability in the Sonogashira coupling and tandem reaction to synthesize benzofuran derivatives. Further investigation indicates that the modulation of N-heterocyclic carbene sites embedded in the organic cage has an impact on NPs’ catalytic efficiency, thus providing a novel methodology to design superior NP catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an710127, China
| | - Sha Bai
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an710127, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an710127, China
| | - F Ekkehardt Hahn
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an710127, China
- Institut für Anorganicshe und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Ying-Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an710127, China
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21
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Xu M, Yang F. Transition Metal Nanoparticles‐Catalyzed Organic Reactions within Porous Organic Cages. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Xu
- Beijing Institute of Technology Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Sciences 100081 Beijing CHINA
| | - Fanzhi Yang
- Beijing Institute of Technology Advanced Research Institute for Multidisciplinary Science 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District 100081 Beijing CHINA
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22
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Tan L, Zhou JH, Sun JK, Yuan J. Electrostatically cooperative host-in-host of metal cluster ⊂ ionic organic cages in nanopores for enhanced catalysis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1471. [PMID: 35304468 PMCID: PMC8933400 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29031-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The construction of hierarchically nanoporous composite for high-performance catalytic application is still challenging. In this work, a series of host-in-host ionic porous materials are crafted by encapsulating ionic organic cages into a hyper-crosslinked, oppositely charged porous poly(ionic liquid) (PoPIL) through an ion pair-directed assembly strategy. Specifically, the cationic cage (C-Cage) as the inner host can spatially accommodate a functional Au cluster, forming a [Au⊂C-Cage+]⊂PoPIL− supramolecular composite. This dual-host molecular hierarchy enables a charge-selective substrate sorting effect to the Au clusters, which amplifies their catalytic activity by at least one order of magnitude as compared to Au confined only by C-Cage as the mono-host (Au⊂C-Cage+). Moreover, we demonstrate that such dual-host porous system can advantageously immobilize electrostatically repulsive Au⊂C-Cage+ and cationic ferrocene co-catalyst (Fer+) together into the same microcompartments, and synergistically speed up the enzyme-like tandem reactions by channelling the substrate to the catalytic centers via nanoconfinement. The encapsulation of catalysts within hosts is a strategy to tune their reactivity. Here, the authors encapsulate a gold cluster within a porous cage and study its reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangxiao Tan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, P. R. China.,Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jun-Hao Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Ke Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, P. R. China.
| | - Jiayin Yuan
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden.
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23
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Cao LM, Zhang J, Zhang XF, He CT. Confinement synthesis in porous molecule-based materials: a new opportunity for ultrafine nanostructures. Chem Sci 2022; 13:1569-1593. [PMID: 35282621 PMCID: PMC8827140 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05983a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A balance between activity and stability is greatly challenging in designing efficient metal nanoparticles (MNPs) for heterogeneous catalysis. Generally, reducing the size of MNPs to the atomic scale can provide high atom utilization, abundant active sites, and special electronic/band structures, for vastly enhancing their catalytic activity. Nevertheless, due to the dramatically increased surface free energy, such ultrafine nanostructures often suffer from severe aggregation and/or structural degradation during synthesis and catalysis, greatly weakening their reactivities, selectivities and stabilities. Porous molecule-based materials (PMMs), mainly including metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and porous organic polymers (POPs) or cages (POCs), exhibit high specific surface areas, high porosity, and tunable molecular confined space, being promising carriers or precursors to construct ultrafine nanostructures. The confinement effects of their nano/sub-nanopores or specific binding sites can not only effectively limit the agglomeration and growth of MNPs during reduction or pyrolysis processes, but also stabilize the resultant ultrafine nanostructures and modulate their electronic structures and stereochemistry in catalysis. In this review, we highlight the latest advancements in the confinement synthesis in PMMs for constructing atomic-scale nanostructures, such as ultrafine MNPs, nanoclusters, and single atoms. Firstly, we illustrated the typical confinement methods for synthesis. Secondly, we discussed different confinement strategies, including PMM-confinement strategy and PMM-confinement pyrolysis strategy, for synthesizing ultrafine nanostructures. Finally, we put forward the challenges and new opportunities for further applications of confinement synthesis in PMMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ming Cao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Molecules for Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Molecules for Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 China
| | - Xue-Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Molecules for Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 China
| | - Chun-Ting He
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Molecules for Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University Nanchang 330022 China
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24
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Song Q, Xu D, David Wang W, Fang J, Sun X, Li F, Li B, Kou J, Zhu H, Dong Z. Ru clusters confined in Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks for homogeneous catalytic hydrogenation of N-heterocyclic compounds with heterogeneous recyclability. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2021.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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25
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Bhandari P, Mondal B, Howlader P, Mukherjee PS. Face‐Directed Tetrahedral Organic Cage Anchored Palladium Nanoparticles for Selective Homocoupling Reactions. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pallab Bhandari
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Bijnaneswar Mondal
- Department of Chemistry Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya Bilaspur Chhattisgarh 495009 India
| | - Prodip Howlader
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Partha Sarathi Mukherjee
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
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26
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Hang X, Wang S, Pang H, Xu Q. A coordination cage hosting ultrafine and highly catalytically active gold nanoparticles. Chem Sci 2022; 13:461-468. [PMID: 35126978 PMCID: PMC8729796 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05407d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrafine metal nanoparticles (MNPs) with size <2 nm are of great interest due to their superior catalytic capabilities. Herein, we report the size-controlled synthesis of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) by using a thiacalixarene-based coordination cage CIAC-108 as a confined host or stabilizer. The Au NPs encapsulated within the cavity of CIAC-108 (Au@CIAC-108) show smaller size (∼1.3 nm) than the ones (∼4.7 nm) anchored on the surface of CIAC-108 (Au/CIAC-108). The cage-embedded Au NPs can be used as a homogeneous catalyst in a mixture of methanol and dichloromethane while as a heterogeneous catalyst in methanol. The homogeneous catalyst Au@CIAC-108-homo exhibits significantly enhanced catalytic activities toward nitroarene reduction and organic dye decomposition, as compared with its larger counterpart Au/CIAC-108-homo and its heterogeneous counterpart Au@CIAC-108-hetero. More importantly, the as-prepared Au@CIAC-108-homo possesses remarkable stability and durability. The size-controlled synthesis of Au NPs was achieved by using a coordination cage CIAC-108 as a support. The Au NPs encapsulated within the cavity of CIAC-108 show smaller size (∼1.3 nm) than the ones (∼4.7 nm) anchored on the surface of CIAC-108.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Hang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute for Innovative Materials and Energy, Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 P. R. China
| | - Shentang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 P. R. China
| | - Huan Pang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute for Innovative Materials and Energy, Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 P. R. China
| | - Qiang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute for Innovative Materials and Energy, Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225002 P. R. China .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, SUSTech Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech) Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China.,Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University Yoshida, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
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27
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Li Q, Gu D, Yu D, Liu Y. Caged iridium catalyst for hydrosilylation of alkynes with high site selectivity. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202101727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaosheng Li
- Beihang University School of Chemistry and Environment CHINA
| | - Defa Gu
- Beihang University School of Chemistry and Environment CHINA
| | - Dongdong Yu
- Beihang University School of Chemistry and Environment CHINA
| | - Yuzhou Liu
- Beihang University School of Chemistry and Environment 37 Xueyuan RdHaidian District 100191 Beijing CHINA
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28
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Xue PC, Chen Q, Chen X, Han Y, Liang M. Luminescent organic porous crystals from non-cyclic molecules and their applications. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01702k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Organic porous crystals from small and non-cyclic organic molecules can be constructed by various intermolecular weak interactions. Owing to their precise stacking types, intermolecular interaction and pore microstructure, the relationship...
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29
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Liu C, Jin Y, Qi D, Ding X, Ren H, Wang H, Jiang J. Enantioselective assembly and recognition of heterochiral porous organic cages deduced from binary chiral components. Chem Sci 2022; 13:7014-7020. [PMID: 35774155 PMCID: PMC9200113 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01876d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chiral recognition and discrimination is not only of significance in biological processes but also a powerful method to fabricate functional supramolecular materials. Herein, a pair of heterochiral porous organic cages (HPOC-1), out of four possible enantiomeric products, with mirror stereoisomeric crystal structures were cleanly prepared by condensation occurring in the exclusive combination of cyclohexanediamine and binaphthol-based tetraaldehyde enantiomers. Nuclear magnetic resonance and luminescence spectroscopy have been employed to monitor the assembly process of HPOC-1, revealing the clean formation of heterochiral organic cages due to the enantioselective recognition of (S,S)-binaphthol towards (R,R)-cyclohexanediamine derivatives and vice versa. Interestingly, HPOC-1 exhibits circularly polarized luminescence and enantioselective recognition of chiral substrates according to the circular dichroism spectral change. Theoretical simulations have been carried out, rationalizing both the enantioselective assembly and recognition of HPOC-1. Heterochiral organic cages based on enantioselective self-assembly of binary chiral components have been prepared, exhibiting circularly polarized luminescence property and enantioselective recognition ability towards chiral substrates according to the circular dichroism spectral change.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yucheng Jin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Dongdong Qi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xu Ding
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Huimin Ren
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jianzhuang Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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Mukhtar A, Sarfaraz S, Ayub K. Organic transformations in the confined space of porous organic cage CC2; catalysis or inhibition. RSC Adv 2022; 12:24397-24411. [PMID: 36128520 PMCID: PMC9415023 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03399b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Porous organic cages have shape persistent cavities which provide a suitable platform for encapsulation of guest molecules with size suitably fitting to the cavity. The interactions of the guest molecule with the porous organic cage significantly alter the properties of the guest molecule. Herein, we report the effect of encapsulation on the kinetics of various organic transformations including 2 + 4 cycloaddition, 1,5-sigmatropic, 6π-electrocyclization, ring expansion, cheletropic, dyotropic, trimerization and tautomerization reactions. Non-bonding interactions are generated between the CC2 cage and encapsulated species. However, the number and nature/strength of interactions are different for reactant and TS with the CC2 cage and this difference detects the reaction to be accelerated or slowed down. A significant drop in the barrier of reactions is observed for reactions involving strong interactions of the transition state within the cage. However, for some reactions such as the Claisen rearrangement, reactants are stabilized more than the transition state and therefore an increase in activation barrier is observed. Furthermore, non-covalent analyses of all transition states (inside the cage) confirm the interaction between the CC2 cage and substrate. The current study will promote further exploration of the potential of other porous structures for similar applications. Porous organic cages have shape persistent cavities which provide a suitable platform for encapsulation of guest molecules with size suitably fitting to the cavity.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Mukhtar
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University, Abbottabad Campus, KPK, Pakistan, 22060
| | - Sehrish Sarfaraz
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University, Abbottabad Campus, KPK, Pakistan, 22060
| | - Khurshid Ayub
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University, Abbottabad Campus, KPK, Pakistan, 22060
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Yang X, Tan LX, Sun JK. Encapsulation of Metal Clusters within Porous Organic Materials: From Synthesis to Catalysis Applications. Chem Asian J 2021; 17:e202101289. [PMID: 34964281 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202101289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Metal clusters (MCs) with dimensions between a single metal atom and nanoparticles of >2 nm usually possess distinct geometric and electronic structures, their outstanding performance in catalysis applications have underpinned a broad research interest. However, smaller-sized MCs are easily deactivated by migration coalescence during the catalysis process because of their high surface energy. Therefore, the search of an appropriate stabilizer for MCs is urgently demanded. In recent years, porous organic polymers (POPs) and organic molecular cages (OMCs), as emerging functional materials, have attracted significant attention. Benefiting from the spatial confinement, encapsulating MCs into these porous organic materials is a promising approach to guarantee the uniform size distribution and stability. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive summary of the recent progress in the synthetic strategies and catalysis applications of the encapsulated MCs, and seek to uncover promising ideas that can stimulate future developments at both the fundamental and applied levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Yang
- Beijing Institute of Technology, chemistry and chemical engineering, CHINA
| | - Liang-Xiao Tan
- Beijing Institute of Technology, chemistry and chemical engineering, CHINA
| | - Jian-Ke Sun
- Beijing Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 8 East Liangxiang Street, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, Beijing, CHINA
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Yang M, Qiu F, M El-Sayed ES, Wang W, Du S, Su K, Yuan D. Water-stable hydrazone-linked porous organic cages. Chem Sci 2021; 12:13307-13315. [PMID: 34777749 PMCID: PMC8528071 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04531h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although porous organic cages (POCs), particularly imine-linked (C[double bond, length as m-dash]N) ones, have advanced significantly over the last few decades, the reversible nature of imine linkages makes them prone to hydrolysis and structural collapse, severely limiting their applications under moist or water conditions. Herein, seven water-stable hydrazone-linked (C[double bond, length as m-dash]N-N) POCs are prepared through a simple coupling of the same supramolecular tetraformylresorcin[4]arene cavitand with different dihydrazide linkers. Their structures are all determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography, demonstrating rich structural diversity from the [2 + 4] lantern, [3 + 6] triangular prism, and unprecedented [4 + 8] square prism to the extra-large [6 + 12] octahedron. In addition, they respectively exhibit tunable window diameters and cavity volumes ranging from about 5.4 to 11.1 nm and 580 to 6800 Å3. Moreover, their application in the water environment for pollutant removal was explored, indicating that they can effectively eliminate various types of contaminants from water, including radionuclide waste, toxic heavy metal ions, and organic micropollutants. This work demonstrates a convenient method for rationally constructing versatile robust POCs and presents their great application potentialities in water medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 China .,College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University Fuzhou 350007 China
| | - Fenglei Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 China .,College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350116 China
| | - El-Sayed M El-Sayed
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 China .,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China.,Chemical Refining Laboratory, Refining Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute Nasr City 11727 Egypt
| | - Wenjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 China .,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Shunfu Du
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 China .,College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350116 China
| | - Kongzhao Su
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 China .,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Daqiang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 China .,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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33
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Chen Y, Lei Y, Tong L, Li H. Stabilization of Dynamic Covalent Architectures by Multivalence. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202102910. [PMID: 34591343 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The formation of imine bond is reversible. This feature has been taken advantage of by chemists for accomplishing high yielding self-assembly. On the other hand, it also jeopardizes the intrinsic stability of these self-assembled products. However, some recent discoveries demonstrate that some of these imine bond containing molecules could be rather stable or kinetically inert. A deep investigation indicated that such enhanced stability results from, at least partially, multivalence. Such results also inspire chemists to use imine condensation for self-assembly in water, a solvent that is considered not compatible with imine bond for a long time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Ye Lei
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Lu Tong
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China.,ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311215, P. R. China
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Míguez‐Lago S, Gliemann BD, Kivala M, Cid MM. A Chiral Molecular Cage Comprising Diethynylallenes and N-Heterotriangulenes for Enantioselective Recognition. Chemistry 2021; 27:13352-13357. [PMID: 34374138 PMCID: PMC8518621 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Chirality, a characteristic tool of molecular recognition in nature, is often a complement of redox active systems. Scientists, in their eagerness to mimic such sophistication, have designed numerous chiral systems based on molecular entities with cavities, such as macrocycles and cages. In an attempt to combine chirality and redox-active species, in this contribution we report the synthesis and detailed characterization of a chiral shape-persistent molecular cage based on the combination of enantiopure diethynylallenes and electron-rich bridged triarylamines, also known as N-heterotriangulenes. Its ability for chiral recognition in solution was revealed through UV/vis titrations with enantiopure helicenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Míguez‐Lago
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidade de VigoCampus Lagoas-Marcosende36310VigoSpain
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyChair of Organic Chemistry IFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Bettina D. Gliemann
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyChair of Organic Chemistry IFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Milan Kivala
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
- Centre for Advanced MaterialsRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 22569120HeidelbergGermany
| | - María Magdalena Cid
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidade de VigoCampus Lagoas-Marcosende36310VigoSpain
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Ramakrishna E, Tang JD, Tao JJ, Fang Q, Zhang Z, Huang J, Li S. Self-assembly of chiral BINOL cages via imine condensation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:9088-9091. [PMID: 34498622 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01507a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Condensation of an (S)- or (R)-BINOL-derived dialdehyde and tris(2-aminoethyl)amine produced chiral [2+3] imine cages, which were further reduced to furnish more stable chiral amine cages and applied in the enantioselective recognition of (1R,2R)- and (1S,2S)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ramakrishna
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Jia-Dong Tang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Jia-Ju Tao
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Qiang Fang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China. .,College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Zibin Zhang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
| | - Jianying Huang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Shijun Li
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
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36
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Li TT, Shao MQ, Gu C, Peng SS, Liu XQ, Sun LB. Low-temperature conversion of base precursor KNO3 on core–shell structured Fe3O4@C: Fabrication of magnetically responsive solid strong bases. Catal Today 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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37
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Tao R, Kang K, Li X, Li R, Huang R, Jin Y, Qiu L, Zhang W. Controlled Synthesis of Palladium Nanoparticles with Size-Dependent Catalytic Activities Enabled by Organic Molecular Cages. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:12517-12525. [PMID: 34320317 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Particle size plays a key role in the performance of metal nanoparticles (MNPs). However, the size-controlled synthesis of MNPs still represents a challenging task. In this work, we revealed a strong solvent effect on the growth of palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs), which was directed by a porous [2 + 3] organic molecular cage (OMC, Phos-cage) containing triphenylphosphine moieties. PdNPs with different average diameters of 0.8, 1.2, and 3.3 nm supported by Phos-cage were obtained by simply varying the reaction media. The catalytic performance of such ultrafine PdNPs in the reduction of p-nitrophenol and a Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction has been studied, which clearly shows size-dependent catalytic activity and stability. The knowledge gained in this study, controlling the size of PdNPs supported by the OMC template in different solvents, will open new possibilities for size-controlled synthesis of ultrafine MNPs with high catalytic activity and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rao Tao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Kun Kang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Xian Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Ruiyang Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Rong Huang
- Advanced Analysis and Measurement Center of Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Yinghua Jin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Li Qiu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Materials & Technology, National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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Olivo G, Capocasa G, Del Giudice D, Lanzalunga O, Di Stefano S. New horizons for catalysis disclosed by supramolecular chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:7681-7724. [PMID: 34008654 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00175b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The adoption of a supramolecular approach in catalysis promises to address a number of unmet challenges, ranging from activity (unlocking of novel reaction pathways) to selectivity (alteration of the innate selectivity of a reaction, e.g. selective functionalization of C-H bonds) and regulation (switch ON/OFF, sequential catalysis, etc.). Supramolecular tools such as reversible association and recognition, pre-organization of reactants and stabilization of transition states upon binding offer a unique chance to achieve the above goals disclosing new horizons whose potential is being increasingly recognized and used, sometimes reaching the degree of ripeness for practical use. This review summarizes the main developments that have opened such new frontiers, with the aim of providing a guide to researchers approaching the field. We focus on artificial supramolecular catalysts of defined stoichiometry which, under homogeneous conditions, unlock outcomes that are highly difficult if not impossible to attain otherwise, namely unnatural reactivity or selectivity and catalysis regulation. The different strategies recently explored in supramolecular catalysis are concisely presented, and, for each one, a single or very few examples is/are described (mainly last 10 years, with only milestone older works discussed). The subject is divided into four sections in light of the key design principle: (i) nanoconfinement of reactants, (ii) recognition-driven catalysis, (iii) catalysis regulation by molecular machines and (iv) processive catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Olivo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", Dipartimento di Chimica and ISB-CNR Sede Secondaria di Roma - Meccanismi di Reazione, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Capocasa
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", Dipartimento di Chimica and ISB-CNR Sede Secondaria di Roma - Meccanismi di Reazione, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Daniele Del Giudice
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", Dipartimento di Chimica and ISB-CNR Sede Secondaria di Roma - Meccanismi di Reazione, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Osvaldo Lanzalunga
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", Dipartimento di Chimica and ISB-CNR Sede Secondaria di Roma - Meccanismi di Reazione, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Stefano Di Stefano
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", Dipartimento di Chimica and ISB-CNR Sede Secondaria di Roma - Meccanismi di Reazione, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Rome, Italy.
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Wang W, Li C, Zhang H, Zhang J, Lu L, Jiang Z, Cui L, Liu H, Yan L, Ding Y. Enhancing the activity, selectivity, and recyclability of Rh/PPh3 system-catalyzed hydroformylation reactions through the development of a PPh3-derived quasi-porous organic cage as a ligand. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(20)63746-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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40
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Wang H, Jin Y, Sun N, Zhang W, Jiang J. Post-synthetic modification of porous organic cages. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:8874-8886. [PMID: 34180920 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01142h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Porous organic cages (POCs) represent an emerging class of organic materials with intrinsic porosity. They have found various applications in supramolecular chemistry, materials science, and many other related disciplines, which stem from their molecular host-guest interactions, intrinsic and inter-cage porosity in solid state as well as the diversity of functionalities. Post-synthetic modification (PSM) has emerged as a highly viable strategy for broadening the functions and applications of POCs. Intricate structures, enhanced stability, tunable porosity and guest binding selectivity and sensitivity have been realized through PSM of POCs, which cannot be directly achieved via the predesign and bottom-up assembly from small molecule building blocks. For example, an unstable imine-linked POC can be transformed into a more stable amine-linked cage, whose cavity size can be further tuned by selective binding of some amine groups, offering unusual gas adsorption selectivity for noble gases (e.g., preferred uptake of Xe over Kr). Such improvement of the chemical stability and gas separation properties through the consolidation of linkage and adjustment of porosity is challenging to achieve otherwise. In this tutorial review, we highlight the importance and impact of PSM in engineering the properties of POC molecules, their frameworks, and composites going beyond the direct predesign synthetic strategy. The primary PSM strategies for exploring new compositions, functions and applications as well as their structure-property relationship have been summarized, including cage-to-cage transformation at the molecular level, covalent or noncovalent assembly of POCs into frameworks, and formation of composites with guest species or other additives encapsulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
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41
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Mukhopadhyay S, Sarkar A, Ghoshal S, Sarkar P, Dhara K, Chattopadhyay P. Encapsulation and Stabilization of a Donor-Acceptor Stenhouse Adduct Isomer in Water Inside the Blue Box: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Approach. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:7222-7230. [PMID: 34181423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c03890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We synthesized two types of donor-acceptor Stenhouse adducts (DASAs), a new type of photochromic molecules showing dual color in two different isomeric forms in solution phase, using Meldrum acid (DASA-Mel) and barbituric acid (DASA-Bar), along with a naphthalimide derivative to obtain interesting fluorescence properties. DASA-Mel was found to have fast photochromic conversion in comparison to DASA-Bar, evident from ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) and fluorescence spectroscopic studies. The colored form of DASA-Mel was encapsulated inside the water-soluble Stoddart's blue box and became soluble in water much faster than DASA-Bar. Interestingly, the competitive encapsulation experiment showed that DASA-Mel was selectively encapsulated inside the blue box in water whereas DASA-Bar was mostly separated out from the solution after centrifugation, and this phenomenon was confirmed by 1H and DOSY NMR and mass spectroscopies. Moreover, we found through density functional theory (DFT) optimization that the open form of DASA-Mel was more stable during the encapsulation reaction in a water medium in comparison to DASA-Bar. The calculated binding energies of encapsulated DASA-Mel and DASA-Bar are -10.2 and -9.9 kcal/mol, respectively, clearly showing that the former is more stable by 0.3 kcal. Consequently, the organic macrocycle selectively separating one kind of DASA from a mixture by encapsulation in water is reported for the first time with experimental and theoretical support in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujay Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India
| | - Arnab Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India
| | - Sourav Ghoshal
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, West Bengal, India
| | - Pranab Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, West Bengal, India
| | - Koushik Dhara
- Department of Chemistry, Sambhu Nath College, Labpur, Birbhum 731303, West Bengal, India
| | - Pabitra Chattopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India
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42
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Hua M, Wang S, Gong Y, Wei J, Yang Z, Sun J. Hierarchically Porous Organic Cages. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Hua
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry Ministry of Education Shandong University Jinan 250100 P. R. China
| | - Shuping Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry Ministry of Education Shandong University Jinan 250100 P. R. China
| | - Yanjun Gong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry Ministry of Education Shandong University Jinan 250100 P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry Ministry of Education Shandong University Jinan 250100 P. R. China
| | - Zhijie Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry Ministry of Education Shandong University Jinan 250100 P. R. China
| | - Jian‐Ke Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing P. R. China
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Hua M, Wang S, Gong Y, Wei J, Yang Z, Sun JK. Hierarchically Porous Organic Cages. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12490-12497. [PMID: 33694301 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Imparting mesopores to organic cages of an intrinsic microporous nature to build up hierarchically porous cage soft materials is a grand challenge and will reshape the property and application scope of traditional organic cage molecules. Herein, we discovered how to engineer mesopores into microporous organic cages via their host-guest interactions with long chain ionic surfactants. Equally important, the ionic head of surfactants equips the supramolecularly assembled porous structures with charge-selective uptake and release function in solution. Interestingly, such hierarchically porous organic cage can serve as a nanoreactor once trapping enzymes within the cavity, which show 5-fold enhanced activity of enzymatic catalysis when compared with the free enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Hua
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Shuping Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yanjun Gong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Zhijie Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Ke Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
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Gao S, Liu Y, Wang L, Wang Z, Liu P, Gao J, Jiang Y. Incorporation of Metals and Enzymes with Porous Imine Molecule Cages for Highly Efficient Semiheterogeneous Chemoenzymatic Catalysis. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Yunting Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Lihui Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Tianjin Modern Vocational Technology College, No. 3 Yaguan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zihan Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Pengbo Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Jing Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Yanjun Jiang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
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The Ionic Organic Cage: An Effective and Recyclable Testbed for Catalytic CO2 Transformation. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11030358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Porous organic cages (POC) are a class of relatively new molecular porous materials, whose concept was raised in 2009 by Cooper’s group and has rarely been directly used in the area of organic catalysis. In this contribution, a novel ionic quasi-porous organic cage (denoted as Iq-POC), a quaternary phosphonium salt, was easily synthesized through dynamic covalent chemistry and a subsequent nucleophilic addition reaction. Iq-POC was applied as an effective nucleophilic catalyst for the cycloaddition reaction of CO2 and epoxides. Owing to the combined effect of the relatively large molecular weight (compared with PPh3+I−) and the strong polarity of Iq-POC, the molecular catalyst Iq-POC displayed favorable heterogeneous nature (i.e., insolubility) in this catalytic system. Therefore, the Iq-POC catalyst could be easily separated and recycled by simple centrifugation method, and the catalyst could be reused five times without obvious loss of activity. The molecular weight augmentation route in this study (from PPh3+I− to Iq-POC) provided us a “cage strategy” of designing separable and recyclable molecular catalysts.
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Lei Y, Chen Q, Liu P, Wang L, Wang H, Li B, Lu X, Chen Z, Pan Y, Huang F, Li H. Molecular Cages Self‐Assembled by Imine Condensation in Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:4705-4711. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202013045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Lei
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Qiong Chen
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Peiren Liu
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Lingxiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Hongye Wang
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Bingda Li
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Xingyu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province Instrumentation and Service Centre for Molecular Sciences Westlake University Hangzhou 310024 China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province Instrumentation and Service Centre for Molecular Sciences Westlake University Hangzhou 310024 China
| | - Yuanjiang Pan
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Feihe Huang
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
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Lei Y, Chen Q, Liu P, Wang L, Wang H, Li B, Lu X, Chen Z, Pan Y, Huang F, Li H. Molecular Cages Self‐Assembled by Imine Condensation in Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202013045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Lei
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Qiong Chen
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Peiren Liu
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Lingxiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Hongye Wang
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Bingda Li
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Xingyu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province Instrumentation and Service Centre for Molecular Sciences Westlake University Hangzhou 310024 China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Precise Synthesis of Functional Molecules of Zhejiang Province Instrumentation and Service Centre for Molecular Sciences Westlake University Hangzhou 310024 China
| | - Yuanjiang Pan
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Feihe Huang
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
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Zhang SY, Miao H, Zhang HM, Zhou JH, Zhuang Q, Zeng YJ, Gao Z, Yuan J, Sun JK. Accelerating Crystallization of Open Organic Materials by Poly(ionic liquid)s. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:22109-22116. [PMID: 32748542 PMCID: PMC7756458 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The capability to significantly shorten the synthetic period of a broad spectrum of open organic materials presents an enticing prospect for materials processing and applications. Herein we discovered 1,2,4‐triazolium poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) could serve as a universal additive to accelerate by at least one order of magnitude the growth rate of representative imine‐linked crystalline open organics, including organic cages, covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and macrocycles. This phenomenon results from the active C5‐protons in poly(1,2,4‐triazolium)s that catalyze the formation of imine bonds, and the simultaneous salting‐out effect (induced precipitation by decreasing solubility) that PILs exert on these crystallizing species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Yun Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China.,College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Han Miao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - He-Min Zhang
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hao Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhuang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Jia Zeng
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Zhiming Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jiayin Yuan
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jian-Ke Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, P. R. China
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Wang Z, Reddy CB, Zhou X, Ibrahim JJ, Yang Y. Phosphine-Built-in Porous Organic Cage for Stabilization and Boosting the Catalytic Performance of Palladium Nanoparticles in Cross-Coupling of Aryl Halides. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:53141-53149. [PMID: 33175493 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report first a novel phosphine-containing porous organic cage (PPOC) from a [2 + 3] self-assembly of triphenyl phosphine-based trialdehyde and (S,S)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane via dynamic imine chemistry, which was employed as a porous material for the controlled growth of palladium nanoparticles (NPs) due to the strong affinity of Pd to the phosphine ligand based on the principle of hard and soft acids and bases. Comprehensive characterizations including X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, NMR, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy reveal that ultrafine Pd NPs with narrow size distribution (1.7 ± 0.3 nm) and enhanced surface electronic density via a strong interaction between NPs and phosphine were homogeneously dispersed in the PPOC. The resultant catalyst Pd@PPOC exhibits remarkably superior catalytic activities for various cross-coupling reactions of aryl halides, for example, Sonogashira, Suzuki, Heck, and carbonylation. The catalytic activity of Pd@PPOC outperforms the state-of-the-art Pd complexes and other Pd NPs supported on N-containing porous cages under identical conditions, owing to the enhanced surface electronic density of Pd NPs and their high stability and dispersibility in solution. More importantly, Pd@PPOC is highly stable and easily recycled and reused without loss of their catalytic activity. This work provides a new functional POC with extended potentials in catalysis and material science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaozhan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - C Bal Reddy
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Jessica Juweriah Ibrahim
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian 116023, China
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