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de Faria AC, Martins FA, da Cunha EFF, Freitas MP. Fluorinated benzoxazinones designed via MIA-QSAR, docking and molecular dynamics as protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase inhibitors. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:5326-5337. [PMID: 38319975 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluorine plays a significant role in agrochemical science because approximately 25% of herbicides licensed worldwide contain this element. In a pool of previously synthesized benzoxazinones, some compounds contained fluorine and demonstrated inhibitory activities against protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (PPO). Therefore, three data sets of benzoxazinone derivatives with known inhibitory activity against PPO were employed to build a multivariate image analysis applied to a quantitative structure-activity relationships (MIA-QSAR) model to identify improved analogs with at least one fluorine substituent. RESULTS The QSAR model was vigorously validated and demonstrated to be highly predictive (r2 = 0.85, q2 = 0.71, and r2 pred = 0.88); thus, the model can provide reliable estimations for the PPO inhibitory activity of unknown derivatives. From these compounds, a couple of N-substituted benzoxazinones that contained the -CH2CHF2 group were found with predicted pKi values larger than 8 (Ki in mol L-1) and higher lipophilicity than the most active data set compounds. In addition, we carried out a systematic investigation of the binding mode of PPO by performing computational docking followed by molecular dynamics simulations. The proposed binding mode was consistent with experimental studies, and several potential key residues were identified. CONCLUSION Two new proposed benzoxazinones exhibited better performance than compounds of the data set, and fluorine substituents played pivotal roles in describing the biological activities. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana C de Faria
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Natural Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | | | - Elaine F F da Cunha
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Natural Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - Matheus P Freitas
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Natural Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
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Espinosa-Colín M, Hernandez-Caballero I, Infante C, Gago I, García-Muñoz J, Sosa T. Evaluation of Propiophenone, 4-Methylacetophenone and 2',4'-Dimethylacetophenone as Phytotoxic Compounds of Labdanum Oil from Cistus ladanifer L. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1187. [PMID: 36904046 PMCID: PMC10006901 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This is the first study to evaluate the phytotoxic activity of three phenolic compounds present in the essential oil of the labdanum of Cistus ladanifer, an allelopathic species of the Mediterranean ecosystem. Propiophenone, 4'-methylacetophenone, and 2',4'-dimethylacetophenone slightly inhibit total germination and radicle growth of Lactuca sativa, and they strongly delay germination and reduce hypocotyl size. On the other hand, the inhibition effect of these compounds on Allium cepa was stronger on total germination than on germination rate, and radicle length compared to hypocotyl size. The position and number of methyl groups will affect the efficacy of the derivative. 2',4'-dimethylacetophenone was the most phytotoxic compound. The activity of the compounds depended on their concentration and presented hormetic effects. In L. sativa, on paper, propiophenone presented greater inhibition of hypocotyl size at greater concentrations, with IC50 = 0.1 mM, whereas 4'-methylacetophenone obtained IC50 = 0.4 mM for germination rate. When the mixture of the three compounds was applied, in L. sativa, on paper, the inhibition effect on total germination and the germination rate was significantly greater compared to the effect of the compounds when they were applied separately; moreover, the mixture inhibited radicle growth, whereas propiophenone and 4'-methylacetophenone did not exert such effect when applied separately. The activity of the pure compounds and that of the mixture also changed based on the substrate used. When the trial was conducted in soil, the separate compounds delayed the germination of the A. cepa to a greater extent compared to the trial on paper, although they stimulated seedling growth. In soil, L. sativa against 4'-methylacetophenone also showed the opposite effect at low concentrations (0.1 mM), with stimulation of germination rate, whereas propiophenone and 4'-methylacetophenone presented a slightly increased effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Espinosa-Colín
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Irene Hernandez-Caballero
- Department of Anatomy, Cellular Biology and Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Celia Infante
- Department of Forest Resources Technology, Center for Scientific and Technological Research of Extremadura (CICYTEX), 06187 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Irene Gago
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Javier García-Muñoz
- Toxicology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Teresa Sosa
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
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de la Calle ME, Cabrera G, Linares-Pineda T, Cantero D, Molinillo JMG, Varela RM, Valle A, Bolívar J. Automatable downstream purification of the benzohydroxamic acid D-DIBOA from a biocatalytic synthesis. N Biotechnol 2022; 72:48-57. [PMID: 36155894 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Herbicides play a vital role in agriculture, contributing to increased crop productivity by minimizing weed growth, but their low degradability presents a threat to the environment and human health. Allelochemicals, such as DIBOA (2,4-dihydroxy-(2H)-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4 H)-one), are secondary metabolites released by certain plants that affect the survival or growth of other organisms. Although these metabolites have an attractive potential for use as herbicides, their low natural production is a critical hurdle. Previously, the synthesis of the biologically active analog D-DIBOA (4-hydroxy-(2H)-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one) was achieved, using an engineered E. coli strain as a whole-cell biocatalyst, capable of transforming a precursor compound into D-DIBOA and exporting it into the culture medium, although it cannot be directly applied to crops. Here a chromatographic method to purify D-DIBOA from this cell culture medium without producing organic solvent wastes is described. The purification of D-DIBOA from a filtered culture medium to the pure compound could also be automated. Biological tests with the purified compound on weed models showed that it has virtually the same activity than the chemically synthesized D-DIBOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena de la Calle
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain; Institute of Viticulture and Agri-Food Research (IVAGRO)-International Campus of Excellence (ceiA3), University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Gema Cabrera
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain; Institute of Viticulture and Agri-Food Research (IVAGRO)-International Campus of Excellence (ceiA3), University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Teresa Linares-Pineda
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health-Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain; Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Domingo Cantero
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain; Institute of Viticulture and Agri-Food Research (IVAGRO)-International Campus of Excellence (ceiA3), University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - José M G Molinillo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain; Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Rosa M Varela
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain; Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Antonio Valle
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health-Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain; Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Jorge Bolívar
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health-Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain; Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), University of Cadiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain.
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Ionic liquid-catalyzed synthesis of (1,4-benzoxazin-3-yl) malonate derivatives via cross-dehydrogenative-coupling reactions. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/hc-2022-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
A convenient C(sp3)–C(sp3) oxidative dehydrogenative coupling reaction of 1,4-benzoxazin-2-ones with malonate esters was developed under mild conditions to obtain the respective ester malonates in high yields. Reactions take place in [omim]FeCl4, acting as both the solvent and the catalyst. Under [omim]Cl/FeCl3-DDQ conditions, derivatives of 1 coupled with malonate 2 to give the target molecules within 1–2 h time periods. The ionic liquid was recovered and reused in the next reactions without losing its efficiency.
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Zhang X, Zhu T, Bi X, Yang S, Huang J, Zhou L. Laboratory bioassay, greenhouse experiment and 3D-QSAR studies on berberine analogues: a search for new herbicides based on natural products. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:2054-2067. [PMID: 33342056 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Berberine is a herbicidal chemical that we isolated from Coptis chinensis. In continuation of our program aimed at discovering and developing natural botanical herbicides, we evaluated the herbicidal activities of 39 berberine analogues and developed a three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) model. RESULTS Among these 39 analogs, the most active compounds were determined to be worenine chloride and coptisine chloride, with median inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) values on all eight tested weed species of < 10 mg L-1 . As a reference, the IC50 values of berberine on six weed species were < 10 mg L-1 . Furthermore, the results of a greenhouse experiment showed that at 10 mg L-1 , and 7 days after treatment, the effects of worenine chloride and coptisine chloride on Lemna minor and Ageratum conyzoides were significantly higher than those of glyphosate and sulcotrione. In the 3D-QSAR analysis, the electrostatic field contour map indicated that introducing an electropositive group in the N-7, C-9 and C-10 positions would potentially improve the inhibition rate. A positively charged nitrogen atom at the N-7 position was important for activity. Replacement of -OCH3 by -OH at the C-9 and C-10 positions could decrease the inhibitory activity, while the hydrophobic field contour map revealed that the hydrophobicity of the C-10 position was associated with high activity. Moreover, the hydrogen bond acceptor field contour map suggested that the existence of a hydrogen bond acceptor at the C-3 and C-9 positions might affect the inhibition rate. CONCLUSIONS 3D-QSAR provided meaningful clues to the structural features of berberine analogues that will assist the design of more potent herbicidal compounds in the future. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingfei Zhu
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyang Bi
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sifan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiguang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Hossen K, Das KR, Okada S, Iwasaki A, Suenaga K, Kato-Noguchi H. Allelopathic Potential and Active Substances from Wedelia Chinensis (Osbeck). Foods 2020; 9:foods9111591. [PMID: 33147830 PMCID: PMC7692298 DOI: 10.3390/foods9111591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wedelia chinensis (Asteraceae) is a wetland herb native to India, China, and Japan. It is a valuable medicinal plant recorded to have pharmaceutical properties. However, the phytotoxic potential of Wedelia chinensis has not yet been examined. Thus, we carried out this study to establish the allelopathic effects of Wedelia chinensis and to identify its phytotoxic substances. Extracts of Wedelia chinensis exhibited high inhibitory activity against the root and shoot growth of cress, alfalfa, rapeseed, lettuce, foxtail fescue, Italian ryegrass, timothy, and barnyard grass. The inhibition was varied with species and was dependent on concentrations. The extracts were separated through several purification steps, and the two effective substances were isolated and characterized as vanillic acid and gallic acid using spectral analysis. Vanillic acid and gallic acid significantly arrested the growth of cress and Italian ryegrass seedlings. The concentrations of vanillic acid and gallic acid needed for 50% inhibition (I50 values) of the seedling growth of the cress and Italian ryegrass were 0.04–15.4 and 0.45–6.6 mM, respectively. The findings suggest that vanillic acid and gallic acid may be required for the growth inhibitory activities of Wedelia chinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawsar Hossen
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan; (K.H.); (K.R.D.); (S.O.)
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan
| | - Krishna Rany Das
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan; (K.H.); (K.R.D.); (S.O.)
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Shun Okada
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan; (K.H.); (K.R.D.); (S.O.)
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan
| | - Arihiro Iwasaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan; (A.I.); (K.S.)
| | - Kiyotake Suenaga
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan; (A.I.); (K.S.)
| | - Hisashi Kato-Noguchi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan; (K.H.); (K.R.D.); (S.O.)
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama 790-8566, Japan
- Correspondence:
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Prasad S, Brooks BR. A deep learning approach for the blind logP prediction in SAMPL6 challenge. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2020; 34:535-542. [PMID: 32002779 PMCID: PMC8689685 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-020-00292-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Water octanol partition coefficient serves as a measure for the lipophilicity of a molecule and is important in the field of drug discovery. A novel method for computational prediction of logarithm of partition coefficient (logP) has been developed using molecular fingerprints and a deep neural network. The machine learning model was trained on a dataset of 12,000 molecules and tested on 2000 molecules. In this article, we present our results for the blind prediction of logP for the SAMPL6 challenge. While the best submission achieved a RMSE of 0.41 logP units, our submission had a RMSE of 0.61 logP units. Overall, we ranked in the top quarter out of the 92 submissions that were made. Our results show that the deep learning model can be used as a fast, accurate and robust method for high throughput prediction of logP of small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samarjeet Prasad
- Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
| | - Bernard R Brooks
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
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Phytotoxic Activity and Identification of Phytotoxic Substances from Schumannianthus dichotomus. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9010102. [PMID: 31947649 PMCID: PMC7020185 DOI: 10.3390/plants9010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The phytotoxic potential of plants and their constituents against other plants is being increasingly investigated as a possible alternative to synthetic herbicides to control weeds in crop fields. In this study, we explored the phytotoxicity and phytotoxic substances of Schumannianthus dichotomus, a perennial wetland shrub native to Bangladesh, India, and Myanmar. Leaf extracts of S. dichotomus exerted strong phytotoxicity against two dicot species, alfalfa and cress, and two monocot species, barnyard grass and Italian ryegrass. A bioassay-driven purification process yielded two phenolic derivatives, syringic acid and methyl syringate. Both constituents significantly inhibited the growth of cress and Italian ryegrass in a concentration-dependent manner. The concentrations required for 50% growth inhibition (I50 value) of the shoot and root growth of cress were 75.8 and 61.3 μM, respectively, for syringic acid, compared with 43.2 and 31.5 μM, respectively, for methyl syringate. Similarly, to suppress the shoot and root growth of Italian rye grass, a greater amount of syringic acid (I50 = 213.7 and 175.9 μM) was needed than methyl syringate (I50 = 140.4 to 130.8 μM). Methyl syringate showed higher phytotoxic potential than syringic acid, and cress showed higher sensitivity to both substances. This study is the first to report on the phytotoxic potential of S. dichotomus and to identify phytotoxic substances from this plant material.
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Wang DW, Zhang RB, Ismail I, Xue ZY, Liang L, Yu SY, Wen X, Xi Z. Design, Herbicidal Activity, and QSAR Analysis of Cycloalka[ d]quinazoline-2,4-dione-Benzoxazinones as Protoporphyrinogen IX Oxidase Inhibitors. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:9254-9264. [PMID: 31356740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In continuation of our search for potent protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (PPO, EC 1.3.3.4) inhibitors, we designed and synthesized a series of novel herbicidal cycloalka[d]quinazoline-2,4-dione-benzoxazinones. The bioassay results of these synthesized compounds indicated that most of the compounds exhibited very strong Nicotiana tabacum PPO (NtPPO) inhibition activity. More than half of the 37 synthesized compounds displayed over 80% control of all three tested broadleaf weeds at 37.5-150 g ai/ha by postemergent application, and a majority of them showed no phytotoxicity toward at least one kind of crop at 150 g ai/ha. Promisingly, 17i (Ki = 6.7 nM) was 6 and 4 times more potent than flumioxazin (Ki = 46 nM) and trifludimoxazin (Ki = 31 nM), respectively. Moreover, 17i displayed excellent, broad-spectrum herbicidal activity, even at levels as low as 37.5 g ai/ha, and it was determined to be safe for wheat at 150 g ai/ha in postemergent application, indicating the great potential for 17i development as a herbicide for weed control in wheat fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, and Department of Chemical Biology, National Pesticide Engineering Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , PR China
| | - Rui-Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, and Department of Chemical Biology, National Pesticide Engineering Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , PR China
| | - Ismail Ismail
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, and Department of Chemical Biology, National Pesticide Engineering Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , PR China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, and Department of Chemical Biology, National Pesticide Engineering Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , PR China
| | - Lu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, and Department of Chemical Biology, National Pesticide Engineering Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , PR China
| | - Shu-Yi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, and Department of Chemical Biology, National Pesticide Engineering Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , PR China
| | - Xin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, and Department of Chemical Biology, National Pesticide Engineering Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , PR China
| | - Zhen Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, and Department of Chemical Biology, National Pesticide Engineering Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , PR China
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de la Calle ME, Cabrera G, Cantero D, Valle A, Bolivar J. Overexpression of the nitroreductase NfsB in an E. coli strain as a whole-cell biocatalyst for the production of chlorinated analogues of the natural herbicide DIBOA. N Biotechnol 2019; 50:9-19. [PMID: 30630092 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Benzohydroxamic acids, such as DIBOA (2,4-dihydroxy-2 H)-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4 H)-one), are plant products that exhibit interesting herbicidal, fungicidal and bactericidal properties. A feasible alternative to their purification from natural sources is the synthesis of analogous compounds such as D-DIBOA (2-deoxy-DIBOA) and their chlorinated derivatives. Their chemical synthesis has been simplified into two steps. However, the second step is an exothermic reaction and involves hydrogen release, which makes this methodology expensive and difficult to scale up. The study reported here concerns the possibility of producing chlorobenzoxazinones by a whole-cell biocatalytic process using the ability of the engineered E. coli nfsB-/pBAD-NfsB to catalyse the synthesis of 6-Cl-D-DIBOA and 8-Cl-D-DIBOA from their respective precursors (PCs). The results show that this strain is able to grow in media that contain these compounds and to produce the target molecules with 59.3% and 46.7% biotransformation yields, respectively. Moreover, the strain is capable of processing non-purified PCs from the first chemical step to give similar yields to those obtained from the purified PCs. The kinetics of the reaction in vitro with purified recombinant NfsB nitroreductase were studied to characterise the catalysis further and evaluate the effects that several components of the non-purified PCs have on the process. The results revealed that the kinetics are that of an allosteric enzyme. The inhibitory effect of the substrate of the first step of the chemical synthesis, which is present in some non-purified PCs, was also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena de la Calle
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, University of Cadiz, Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Gema Cabrera
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, University of Cadiz, Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Domingo Cantero
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technology, University of Cadiz, Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Antonio Valle
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health-Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cadiz, Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain.
| | - Jorge Bolivar
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health-Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cadiz, Campus Universitario de Puerto Real, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain.
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QSAR of 1,4-benzoxazin-3-one antimicrobials and their drug design perspectives. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:6105-6114. [PMID: 30471830 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic derivatives of 1,4-benzoxazin-3-ones have been shown to possess promising antimicrobial activity, whereas their natural counterparts were found lacking in this respect. In this work, quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) of natural and synthetic 1,4-benzoxazin-3-ones as antimicrobials were established. Data published in literature were curated into an extensive dataset of 111 compounds. Descriptor selection was performed by a genetic algorithm. QSAR models revealed differences in requirements for activity against fungi, gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Shape, VolSurf, and H-bonding property descriptors were frequently picked in all models. The models obtained for gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria showed good predictive power (Q2Ext 0.88 and 0.85, respectively). Based on the models generated, an additional set of 1,4-benzoxazin-3-ones, for which no antimicrobial activity had been determined in literature, were evaluated in silico. Additionally, newly designed lead compounds with a 1,4-benzoxazin-3-one scaffold were generated in silico by varying the positions and combinations of substituents. Two of these were predicted to be up to 5 times more active than any of the compounds in the current dataset. The 1,4-benzoxazin-3-one scaffold was concluded to possess potential for the design of new antimicrobial compounds with potent antibacterial activity, a multitarget mode of action, and possibly reduced susceptibility to gram negatives' efflux pumps.
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de Bruijn WJC, Gruppen H, Vincken JP. Structure and biosynthesis of benzoxazinoids: Plant defence metabolites with potential as antimicrobial scaffolds. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2018; 155:233-243. [PMID: 30218957 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Benzoxazinoids, comprising the classes of benzoxazinones and benzoxazolinones, are a set of specialised metabolites produced by the plant family Poaceae (formerly Gramineae), and some dicots. The family Poaceae in particular contains several important crops like maize and wheat. Benzoxazinoids play a role in allelopathy and as defence compounds against (micro)biological threats. The effectivity of benzoxazinones in these functionalities is largely imposed by the subclasses (determined by N substituent). In this review, we provide an overview of all currently known natural benzoxazinoids and a summary of the current state of knowledge of their biosynthesis. We also evaluated their antimicrobial activity based on minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values reported in literature. Monomeric natural benzoxazinoids seem to lack potency as antimicrobial agents. The 1,4-benzoxazin-3-one backbone, however, has been shown to be a potential scaffold for designing new antimicrobial compounds. This has been demonstrated by a number of studies that report potent activity of synthetic derivatives of 1,4-benzoxazin-3-one, which possess MIC values down to 6.25 μg mL-1 against pathogenic fungi (e.g. C. albicans) and 16 μg mL-1 against bacteria (e.g. S. aureus and E. coli). Observations on the structural requirements for allelopathy, insecticidal, and antimicrobial activity suggest that they are not necessarily conferred by similar mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter J C de Bruijn
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Gruppen
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Paul Vincken
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Plant Protection by Benzoxazinoids—Recent Insights into Biosynthesis and Function. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy8080143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Benzoxazinoids (BXs) are secondary metabolites present in many Poaceae including the major crops maize, wheat, and rye. In contrast to other potentially toxic secondary metabolites, BXs have not been targets of counter selection during breeding and the effect of BXs on insects, microbes, and neighbouring plants has been recognised. A broad knowledge about the mode of action and metabolisation in target organisms including herbivorous insects, aphids, and plants has been gathered in the last decades. BX biosynthesis has been elucidated on a molecular level in crop cereals. Recent advances, mainly made by investigations in maize, uncovered a significant diversity in the composition of BXs within one species. The pattern can be specific for single plant lines and dynamic changes triggered by biotic and abiotic stresses were observed. Single BXs might be toxic, repelling, attractive, and even growth-promoting for insects, depending on the particular species. BXs delivered into the soil influence plant and microbial communities. Furthermore, BXs can possibly be used as signalling molecules within the plant. In this review we intend to give an overview of the current data on the biosynthesis, structure, and function of BXs, beyond their characterisation as mere phytotoxins.
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Durán AG, Chinchilla N, Molinillo JM, Macías FA. Influence of lipophilicity in O-acyl and O-alkyl derivatives of juglone and lawsone: a structure-activity relationship study in the search for natural herbicide models. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2018; 74:682-694. [PMID: 29024464 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Naphthoquinones are known for their broad range of biological activities. Given the increasing demands of consumers in relation to food quality and growing concerns about the impact of synthetic herbicides, it is necessary to search for new agrochemicals. Natural products and allelopathy provide new alternatives for the development of pesticides with lower toxicity and greater environmental compatibility. RESULTS A structure-activity relationship to evaluate the effect of bioavailability was performed. A total of 44 O-acyl and O-alkyl derivatives of juglone and lawsone with different linear chain lengths were prepared. These compounds were tested on etiolated wheat coleoptiles, standard target species (STS) and four weeds, Echinochloa crus-galli L., Lolium rigidum Gaud., Lolium perenne L. and Avena fatua L. The results showed a strong influence of lipophilicity and, in most cases, the data fitted a logP-dependent quadratic mathematical model. CONCLUSION The effects produced were mostly stunting and necrosis caused by growth inhibition. The potential structure and activity behaviour is described. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra G Durán
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), University of Cadiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Nuria Chinchilla
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), University of Cadiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - José Mg Molinillo
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), University of Cadiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Francisco A Macías
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Biomolecules (INBIO), University of Cadiz, Cádiz, Spain
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Nain-Perez A, Barbosa LCA, Maltha CRA, Giberti S, Forlani G. Tailoring Natural Abenquines To Inhibit the Photosynthetic Electron Transport through Interaction with the D1 Protein in Photosystem II. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:11304-11311. [PMID: 29191002 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Abenquines are natural N-acetylaminobenzoquinones bearing amino acid residues, which act as weak inhibitors of the photosynthetic electron transport chain. Aiming to exploit the abenquine scaffold as a model for the synthesis of new herbicides targeting photosynthesis, 14 new analogues were prepared by replacing the amino acid residue with benzylamines and the acetyl with different acyl groups. The synthesis was accomplished in three steps with a 68-95% overall yield from readily available 2,5-dimethoxyaniline, acyl chlorides, and benzyl amines. Key steps include (i) acylation of the aniline, (ii) oxidation, and (iii) oxidative addition of the benzylamino moiety. The compounds were assayed for their activity as Hill inhibitors, under basal, uncoupled, or phosphorylating conditions, or excluding photosystem I. Four analogues showed high effectiveness (IC50 = 0.1-0.4 μM), comparable with the commercial herbicide diuron (IC50 = 0.3 μM). The data suggest that this class of compounds interfere at the reducing side of photosystem II, having protein D1 as the most probable target. Molecular docking studies with the plastoquinone binding site of Spinacia oleracea further strengthened this proposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalyn Nain-Perez
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Luiz C A Barbosa
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Viçosa , Viçosa, Av. P. H. Rolfs s/n, CEP 36570-000, Viçosa, MG Brazil
| | - Celia R A Maltha
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Viçosa , Viçosa, Av. P. H. Rolfs s/n, CEP 36570-000, Viçosa, MG Brazil
| | - Samuele Giberti
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara , via L. Borsari 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Forlani
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara , via L. Borsari 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Araniti F, Mancuso R, Lupini A, Giofrè SV, Sunseri F, Gabriele B, Abenavoli MR. Phytotoxic Potential and Biological Activity of Three Synthetic Coumarin Derivatives as New Natural-Like Herbicides. Molecules 2015; 20:17883-902. [PMID: 26426002 PMCID: PMC6331834 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201017883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coumarin is a natural compound well known for its phytotoxic potential. In the search for new herbicidal compounds to manage weeds, three synthetic derivatives bearing the coumarin scaffold (1–3), synthesized by a carbonylative organometallic approach, were in vitro assayed on germination and root growth of two noxious weeds, Amaranthus retroflexus and Echinochloa crus-galli. Moreover, the synthetic coumarins 1–3 were also in vitro assayed on seedlings growth of the model species Arabidopsis thaliana to identify the possible physiological targets. All molecules strongly affected seed germination and root growth of both weeds. Interestingly, the effects of synthetic coumarins on weed germination were higher than template natural coumarin, pointing out ED50 values ranging from 50–115 µM. Moreover, all synthetic coumarins showed a strong phytotoxic potential on both Arabidopsis shoot and root growth, causing a strong reduction in shoot fresh weight (ED50 values ≤ 60 µM), accompanied by leaf development and a decrease in pigment content. Furthermore, they caused a strong alteration in root growth (ED50 values ≤ 170 µM) and morphology with evident alterations in root tip anatomy. Taken together, our results highlight the promising potential herbicidal activity of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Araniti
- Dipartimento AGRARIA, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria 89124, Italy.
| | - Raffaella Mancuso
- Laboratory of Industrial and Synthetic Organic Chemistry (LISOC), Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci 12/C, Arcavacata di Rende (Cosenza) 87036, Italy.
| | - Antonio Lupini
- Dipartimento AGRARIA, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria 89124, Italy.
| | - Salvatore V Giofrè
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti per la Salute, Università di Messina, Via SS Annunziata, Messina 98168, Italy.
| | - Francesco Sunseri
- Dipartimento AGRARIA, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria 89124, Italy.
| | - Bartolo Gabriele
- Laboratory of Industrial and Synthetic Organic Chemistry (LISOC), Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci 12/C, Arcavacata di Rende (Cosenza) 87036, Italy.
| | - Maria Rosa Abenavoli
- Dipartimento AGRARIA, Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria 89124, Italy.
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Zhang H, Liu K, Liu R, Li Q, Li Y, Wang Q, Liu S. Design, Synthesis and Herbicidal Activities of Tetrahydroisoindoline-1,3-dione Derivatives Containing Alkoxycarbonyl Substituted 2-Benzoxazolinone. CHINESE J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201500046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Rodriguez-Hernandez D, Oliveros-Bastidas A, Alonso-Amelot ME, Calcagno-Pissarelli MP. Diterpene Foliar Exudates of Blakiella bartsiifolia and Phytotoxicity of Clerodanes. Nat Prod Commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1400901003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Blakiella bartsiifolia (S.F. Blake), an endemic and rare high altitude plant of the northern Andes, appears well adapted to the prevailing harsh environment owing in part to a thick glandular trichome cover. From foliar exudates, two new clerodanes, 15,16-epoxy-2-hydroxy-3,13(16),14-clerodatrien-20-oic acid (bartsiifolic acid) (2) and Z-15,16-dihydroxy-3,13-clerodien-20-oic acid (barthydrolic acid) (3), were isolated in addition to the known junceic acid (1). In addition, three new alicyclic furanoditerpenes: 1,20-epoxy-1,3(20),6( E),10( E),14-phytapentaen-18-methyl-19-oic acid (blakielic acid) (4), 1,20-epoxy-1,3(20),10( E),14-phytapentaen-18-methyl-19-oic acid (blakifolic acid) (5) and 1,20-epoxy-1,3(20),6,14-phytatetraen-19-methyl-18-oic acid (dihydrocentipedic acid) (6) were obtained in minor quantity. Seed germination and plantlet growth bioassays on Allium cepa and Lactuca sativa to monitor bioactivity during isolation procedures revealed compounds 1–3 with substantial inhibition comparable with synthetic linuron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Rodriguez-Hernandez
- Grupo de Química Ecológica, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida-5101, Venezuela
| | - Alberto Oliveros-Bastidas
- Grupo de Química Ecológica, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida-5101, Venezuela
| | - Miguel E. Alonso-Amelot
- Grupo de Química Ecológica, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida-5101, Venezuela
| | - Maria Pia Calcagno-Pissarelli
- Grupo de Química Ecológica, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida-5101, Venezuela
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Morales-Flores F, Aguilar MI, King-Díaz B, Lotina-Hennsen B. Derivatives of diterpen labdane-8α,15-diol as photosynthetic inhibitors in spinach chloroplasts and growth plant inhibitors. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2013; 125:42-50. [PMID: 23733160 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In a search of new efficient herbicides of natural origin, four derivatives were prepared from labdane-8α,15-diol (1) and 15-O-acetyl-8α-hydroxy labdane (2) isolated from Croton ciliatoglanduliferus. Their inhibitory activity on photosynthetic electron transport on fresh, broken spinach chloroplasts and on the growth of plants were determined. Derivative 15-O-benzoyl-8α-hydroxy labdane (5) was seven times more active than 2 as reaction Hill inhibitor. Complex of 5 with the adjuvant 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (5:HPB) (200 μM) was sprayed on Physalys ixocarpa (green tomato) plants; 48 h later the complex inhibited PS II by transforming the active reaction centers to silent reaction centers or "heat sinks". After 72 h this effect disappeared, probably 5:HPB was metabolized by the plant. Chlorophyll a fluorescence of Trifolium alexandrinum (clover) leaves was affected with 5:HPB at the level of PQ pool reduction. 5:HPB decreases the tomato and clover dry-biomass, without affecting Lolium perenne (grass) plants, suggesting that complex 5 acts as selective herbicide for dicotyledonous plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Morales-Flores
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Delegación Coyoacan, México DF, Mexico
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Berhanu WM, Pillai GG, Oliferenko AA, Katritzky AR. Quantitative Structure-Activity/Property Relationships: The Ubiquitous Links between Cause and Effect. Chempluschem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201200038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Clark RD. A perspective on the role of quantitative structure-activity and structure-property relationships in herbicide discovery. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2012; 68:513-8. [PMID: 22323389 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Revised: 11/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For the last 15 years the agrochemical industry has focused on using genetic modification to put genes that confer resistance to existing commercial herbicides into crop plants rather than on discovering new herbicides with novel modes of action. The widespread appearance of weeds resistant to those herbicides is now causing the industry to revive their herbicide discovery programs. RESULTS Elucidation of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) played a major role in the discovery and development of existing commercial herbicides, but the advent of genetically modified crops has caused published work (at least) in the area to drift from the industrial arena into academic studies. The focus has also turned inward, to refining models for established herbicide targets instead of elucidating new ones. CONCLUSION This perspective highlights the importance of QSARs and quantitative structure-property relationships (QSPRs) to herbicide discovery in an historical context and provides some guidance as to how they might profitably be applied going forward.
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Hussain MI, Reigosa MJ. A chlorophyll fluorescence analysis of photosynthetic efficiency, quantum yield and photon energy dissipation in PSII antennae of Lactuca sativa L. leaves exposed to cinnamic acid. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2011; 49:1290-8. [PMID: 22000052 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2011.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of cinnamic acid (CA) on growth, biochemical and physiological responses of Lactuca sativa L. CA (0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mM) treatments decreased plant height, root length, leaf and root fresh weight, but it did not affect the leaf water status. CA treatment (1.5 mM) significantly reduced F(v), F(m), photochemical efficiency of PSII (F(v)/F(m)) and quantum yield of PSII (ΦPSII) photochemistry in L. sativa. The photochemical fluorescence quenching (qP) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) were reduced after treatment with 1.5 mM CA. Fraction of photon energy absorbed by PS II antennae trapped by "open" PS II reaction centers (P) was reduced by CA (1.5 mM) while, portion of absorbed photon energy thermally dissipated (D) and photon energy absorbed by PSII antennae and trapped by "closed" PSII reaction centers (E) was increased. Carbon isotope composition ratios (δ(13)C) was less negative (-27.10) in CA (1.5 mM) treated plants as compared to control (-27.61). Carbon isotope discrimination (Δ(13)C) and ratio of intercellular CO(2) concentration (ci/ca) from leaf to air were also less in CA treated plants. CA (1.5 mM) also decreased the leaf protein contents of L. sativa as compared to control.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Iftikhar Hussain
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, University of Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
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Mahmoud MR, El-Shahawi MM, Abu El-Azm FSM. Synthesis of novel quinazolinone and fused quinazolinones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.5155/eurjchem.2.3.404-409.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Sánchez-Moreiras AM, Martínez-Peñalver A, Reigosa MJ. Early senescence induced by 2-3H-benzoxazolinone (BOA) in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 168:863-70. [PMID: 21237530 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2010.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Revised: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of chlorophyll a fluorescence, nutrient and trace elements, total protein content and malonyldialdehyde in leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana between 1 and 192 h after treatment with 0, 1 or 3 mM 2-3H-benzoxazolinone (BOA), together with imaging of chlorophyll a fluorescence and of the distributions of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion, suggested that the primary phytotoxic action of BOA is the induction of premature senescence, and that oxidative stress is a secondary effect that sets in a day or two later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela M Sánchez-Moreiras
- Dept. of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo Campus Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
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Macías FA, Chinchilla N, Arroyo E, Varela RM, Molinillo JMG, Marín D. Multifunctionalised benzoxazinones in the systems Oryza sativa-Echinochloa crus-galli and Triticum aestivum-Avena fatua as natural-product-based herbicide leads. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2010; 66:1137-1147. [PMID: 20628996 DOI: 10.1002/ps.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fifteen novel derivatives of D-DIBOA, including aromatic ring modifications and the addition of side chains in positions C-2 and N-4, had previously been synthesised and their phytotoxicity on standard target species (STS) evaluated. This strategy combined steric, electronic, solubility and lipophilicity requirements to achieve the maximum phytotoxic activity. An evaluation of the bioactivity of these compounds on the systems Oryza sativa-Echinochloa crus-galli and Triticum aestivum-Avena fatua is reported here. RESULTS All compounds showed inhibition profiles on the two species Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. and Avena fatua L. The most marked effects were caused by 6F-4Pr-D-DIBOA, 6F-4Val-D-DIBOA, 6Cl-4Pr-D-DIBOA and 6Cl-4Val-D-DIBOA. The IC(50) values for the systems Echinochloa crus-galli-Oryza sativa and Avena fatua-Triticum aestivum for all compounds were compared. The compound that showed the greatest selectivity for the system Echinochloa crus-galli-Oryza sativa was 8Cl-4Pr-D-DIBOA, which was 15 times more selective than the commercial herbicide propanil (Cotanil-35). With regard to the system Avena fatua-Triticum aestivum, the compounds that showed the highest selectivities were 8Cl-4Val-D-DIBOA and 6F-4Pr-D-DIBOA. The results obtained for 6F-4Pr-D-DIBOA are of great interest because of the high phytotoxicity to Avena fatua (IC(50) = 6 µM, r(2) = 0.9616). CONCLUSION The in vitro phytotoxicity profiles and selectivities shown by the compounds described here make them candidates for higher-level studies. 8Cl-4Pr-D-DIBOA for the system Echinochloa crus-galli-Oryza sativa and 6F-4Pr-D-DIBOA for Avena fatua-Triticum aestivum were the most interesting compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco A Macías
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
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Macías FA, Chinchilla N, Arroyo E, Molinillo JMG, Marín D, Varela RM. Combined strategy for phytotoxicity enhancement of benzoxazinones. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:2047-2053. [PMID: 20014762 DOI: 10.1021/jf903445m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Fifteen new derivatives of D-DIBOA, including aromatic ring modifications and the addition of side chains in positions C-2 and N-4, were synthesized and their phytotoxicity, selectivity, and structure-activity relationships evaluated. The most active compounds among the derivatives at the C-2 position were 6-Cl-2-Et-D-DIBOA and 6-F-2-Et-D-DIBOA. Of the derivatives at N-4, the most active compounds were 6-Cl-4-Pr-D-DIBOA and 6-Cl-4-Val-D-DIBOA. These four compounds showed high levels of inhibition in root length at very low concentrations in all species. The most remarkable result is the 70% inhibition observed for the root length of cress at 100 nM caused by the latter two compounds. These results support our previous research and conclusions regarding the steric, electronic, and solubility requirements to achieve the maximum phytotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco A Macías
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Cadiz, Avda Republica Saharaui, s/n 11510 Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain.
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Arroyo E, Chinchilla N, Molinillo JM, Macias FA, Astola A, Ortiz M, Valdivia MM. Aneugenic effects of benzoxazinones in cultured human cells. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2010; 695:81-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2009.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2009] [Revised: 07/31/2009] [Accepted: 09/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Macías FA, Chinchilla N, Varela RM, Molinillo JM, Marín D, de Siqueira JM. Aromatic-ring-functionalised benzoxazinones in the system Oryza sativa-Echinochloa crus-galli as biorational herbicide models. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2009; 65:1104-1113. [PMID: 19551813 DOI: 10.1002/ps.1799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Barnyardgrass, Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv., is one of the most problematic weeds occurring in rice crops. Although efficient chemical control is provided by herbicides available on the market, resistant biotypes provoked by pressure selection have appeared in recent times. This emphasises the need for alternative treatments in which herbicidal compounds from a natural origin could be included. RESULTS A number of chemicals with a [2H]-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (D-DIBOA) skeleton were tested on this weed, and also in rice, in order to achieve an optimal lead for herbicide composition development by taking into consideration phytotoxic effects and selectivity on the weed. 6-Cl-D-DIBOA causes the same effect as the commercial herbicide propanil at a concentration 15 times lower, while 6-F-D-DIBOA causes this inhibition at a dose 30 times lower. The phytotoxicities caused by 8-Cl-D-DIBOA (IC50 = 44 microM, R2 = 0.866) and 7,8-diF-D-DIBOA (IC50 = 52 microM, R2 = 0.9067) are also remarkable. 8-Cl-D-DIBOA was the compound that presented the highest selectivity on Echinochloa crus-galli. The structural requirements for optimal phytotoxicity and selectivity were elucidated by means of QSAR methodology, considering electronic and steric factors. One of the most important descriptors influencing the bioactivity was the dipole moment modulus. This was successfully correlated by employing a second-order polynomial model. CONCLUSION The in vitro phytotoxic profiles and selectivities shown for these chemicals make them truly promising candidates for higher-level studies. 6F- and 6Cl-D-DIBOA, for their high phytotoxicities, and 8-Cl-D-DIBOA, because of its high selectivity, were found to be the most interesting compounds from this point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco A Macías
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Cádiz, Avda. República Saharaui, s/n, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
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Macías FA, Marín D, Oliveros-Bastidas A, Molinillo JMG. Rediscovering the bioactivity and ecological role of 1,4-benzoxazinones. Nat Prod Rep 2009; 26:478-89. [PMID: 19642418 DOI: 10.1039/b700682a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Compounds of the (2H)-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one class have attracted the attention of phytochemists since the first isolation of 2,4-dihydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (DIBOA) and 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-(2H)-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (DIMBOA). Extensive research has been carried out on the isolation and synthesis of these materials as well as on the dynamics of their degradation in different systems. This has led to the discovery of a wide variety of compounds that are of high interest from the point of view of phytotoxic, antifungal, antimicrobial, and antifeedant effects among others. The potential application of benzoxazinones and their derivatives as leads for natural herbicide models is a topic of current interest. Furthermore, the importance of degradation on the ecological behaviour of benzoxazinone-producing plants is also being realised, and proposals concerning the role of the degradation products in chemical defence mechanisms have been put forward. There is also increasing interest in the improvement of analytical methodologies, and ecotoxicologic effects, toxicity on target and non-target organisms, and degradation kinetics are also being addressed. The development of new phytotoxicity bioassay techniques represents one of the most important breakthroughs in this respect. Moreover, benzoxazinones and some of their derivatives have been employed in the development of pharmaceuticals. The versatility of the benzoxazinone skeleton, in addition to its relative chemical simplicity and accessibility, makes these chemicals amongst the most promising sources of bioactive compounds that are natural in origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco A Macías
- Grupo de Alelopatía, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Cádiz, Avda. Repiúlica Saharaui, s/n 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
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Niemeyer HM. Hydroxamic acids derived from 2-hydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one: key defense chemicals of cereals. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:1677-96. [PMID: 19199602 DOI: 10.1021/jf8034034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Many cereals accumulate hydroxamic acids derived from 2-hydroxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one. These benzoxazinoid hydroxamic acids are involved in defense of maize against various lepidopteran pests, most notably the European corn borer, in defense of cereals against various aphid species, and in allelopathy affecting the growth of weeds associated with rye and wheat crops. The role of benzoxazinoid hydroxamic acids in defense against fungal infection is less clear and seems to depend on the nature of the interactions at the plant-fungus interface. Efficient use of benzoxazinoid hydroxamic acids as resistance factors has been limited by the inability to selectively increase their levels at the plant growth stage and the plant tissues where they are mostly needed for a given pest. Although the biosynthesis of benzoxazinoid hydroxamic acids has been elucidated, the genes and mechanisms controlling their differential expression in different plant tissues and along plant ontogeny remain to be unraveled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermann M Niemeyer
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecologicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile.
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Zhang YL, Ge HM, Li F, Song YC, Tan RX. New phytotoxic metabolites from Pestalotiopsis sp. HC02, a Fungus Residing in Chondracris rosee gut. Chem Biodivers 2009; 5:2402-7. [PMID: 19035568 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200890204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Two new phytotoxic gamma-lactones, pestalotines A and B (1 and 2, resp.), along with 4-oxo-4H-pyran-3-acetic acid (3) and 6-hydroxyramulosin (=3,4,4a,5,6,7-hexahydro-6,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-1H-2-benzopyran-1-one; 4), were isolateded from the culture of Pestalotiopsis sp. HC02, a fungus residing in the Chondracris rosee gut. Structures of the new metabolites were elucidated on the basis of their IR, NMR, and MS data. Pestalotines A and B (1 and 2, resp.) significantly inhibited the radical growth of Echinochloa crusgalli with IC(50) values of 1.85 x 10(-4) and 2.50 x 10(-4) M, respectively, comparable to that of 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (0.94 x 10(-4) M) used as a positive control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lao Zhang
- Institute of Functional Biomolecules, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China, (phone: +86-25-8359-5103; fax: +86-25-8368-6559)
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Macías FA, Chinchilla N, Varela RM, Molinillo JMG, Marín D, De Siqueira JM. Modified benzoxazinones in the system Oryza sativa-Echinochloa crus-galli: an approach to the development of biorational herbicide models. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:9941-9948. [PMID: 18922010 DOI: 10.1021/jf802735m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The utility of benzoxazinones and some of their synthetic derivatives in the search for new leads for herbicide model development has been explored. The work described focuses on obtaining derivatives that present selectivity in the system Oryza sativa- Echinochloa crus-galli. To achieve this goal the influence of lipophilicity in this system has been studied by preparing 14 ester derivatives at the N-4 position of D-DIBOA along with other compounds with different functionalization and chain lengths at position C-2. These compounds have been tested in the aforementioned system, and the dose-response profiles have been compared. The most active compound was 2-ethyl-4-hydroxy-(2H)-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one, which presented higher selectivity than the specific herbicide Cotanil-35. These results confirm the potential of D-DIBOA as a lead herbicide for the control of Echinochloa spp. in rice crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco A Macías
- Allelopathy Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
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Boaventura MAD, Pereira RG, de Oliveira Freitas LB, Dos Reis LA, da Silva Vieira H. Preparation and phytotoxicity of novel kaurane diterpene amides with potential use as herbicides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:2985-8. [PMID: 18393433 DOI: 10.1021/jf0729309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Novel kaurane ditepene monoamides were synthesized in good yields directly from kaurenoic ( 1) and grandiflorenic ( 2) acids and unprotected symmetrical diamines, using a modified protocol for monoacylation. Amides from 1 and 2 and monoamines were also obtained and tested against seed germination and growth of radicle and shoot of Lactuca sativa (lettuce), at 10 (-3), 10 (-5), and 10 (-7) M. Amides from symmetrical diamines showed significant inhibitory activity at higher concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Amélia Diamantino Boaventura
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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