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Will I, Attardo GM, de Bekker C. Multiomic interpretation of fungus-infected ant metabolomes during manipulated summit disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14363. [PMID: 37658067 PMCID: PMC10474057 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40065-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Camponotus floridanus ants show altered behaviors followed by a fatal summiting phenotype when infected with manipulating Ophiocordyceps camponoti-floridani fungi. Host summiting as a strategy to increase transmission is also observed with parasite taxa beyond fungi, including aquatic and terrestrial helminths and baculoviruses. The drastic phenotypic changes can sometimes reflect significant molecular changes in gene expression and metabolite concentrations measured in manipulated hosts. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms still need to be fully characterized. To investigate the small molecules producing summiting behavior, we infected C. floridanus ants with O. camponoti-floridani and sampled their heads for LC-MS/MS when we observed the characteristic summiting phenotype. We link this metabolomic data with our previous genomic and transcriptomic data to propose mechanisms that underlie manipulated summiting behavior in "zombie ants." This "multiomic" evidence points toward the dysregulation of neurotransmitter levels and neuronal signaling. We propose that these processes are altered during infection and manipulation based on (1) differential expression of neurotransmitter synthesis and receptor genes, (2) altered abundance of metabolites and neurotransmitters (or their precursors) with known behavioral effects in ants and other insects, and (3) possible suppression of a connected immunity pathway. We additionally report signals for metabolic activity during manipulation related to primary metabolism, detoxification, and anti-stress protectants. Taken together, these findings suggest that host manipulation is likely a multi-faceted phenomenon, with key processes changing at multiple levels of molecular organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Will
- Biology Department, University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA.
| | - G M Attardo
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of California-Davis, Davis, USA
| | - C de Bekker
- Biology Department, University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA.
- Biology Department, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Arrieta AA, Nuñez de la Rosa Y, Palencia M. Electrochemistry Study of Bio-Based Composite Biopolymer Electrolyte-Starch/Cardol. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15091994. [PMID: 37177142 PMCID: PMC10181454 DOI: 10.3390/polym15091994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The environmental problems generated by pollution due to polymers of petrochemical origin have led to the search for eco-friendly alternatives such as the development of biopolymers or bio-based polymers. The aim of this work was to evaluate the electrochemical behavior of a biopolymer composite made from cassava starch and cardol extracted from cashew nut shell liquid. The biopolymers were prepared using the thermochemical method, varying the synthesis pH and the cardol amounts. The biopolymers were synthesized in the form of films and characterized by cyclic voltamperometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The biopolymers showed a rich electroactivity, with three oxidation-reduction processes evidenced in the voltamperograms. On the other hand, the equivalent circuit corresponding to the impedance behavior of biopolymers integrated the processes of electron transfer resistance, electric double layer, redox reaction process, and resistance of the biopolymeric matrix. The results allowed us to conclude that the cardol content and the synthesis pH were factors that affect the electrochemical behavior of biopolymer composite films. Electrochemical processes in biopolymers were reversible and involved two-electron transfer and were diffusion-controlled processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro A Arrieta
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Universidad de Sucre (University of Sucre), Sincelejo 700001, Colombia
| | - Yamid Nuñez de la Rosa
- Faculty of Engineering and Basic Sciences, Fundación Universitaria Los Libertadores, Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | - Manuel Palencia
- Research Group in Science with Technological Applications (GI-CAT), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Valle, Cali 760042, Colombia
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3
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Srisuksomwong P, Kaenhin L, Mungmai L. Collagenase and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activities and Stability of Facial Cream Formulation Containing Cashew Leaf Extract. Cosmetics 2023; 10:17. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics10010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale L.) is a tropical plant found widely in many Southeast Asian countries, including Thailand, and contains bioactive phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity. The natural antioxidants such as collagenase and tyrosinase inhibitors found in medicinal plants are promising agents in cosmetic products. This study evaluated the inhibitory activities of the collagenase and tyrosinase from cashew leaf extracts by developing and evaluating the stability of facial cream formulations. The ethanol (DEN), ethyl acetate (DEA) and distilled water (DDW) crude extracts of cashew leaves were investigated for their bioactive compound efficacy. The DDW extract had the highest yield (24.97%). All the extracts were investigated for their antioxidant activities. The DEN extract showed the highest DPPH radical-scavenging ability, ferric-reducing power and flavonoid compounds, which were 152.04 ± 2.40 mg gallic acid/g extract, 37.90 ± 1.07 mg gallic acid/g dry weight and 7.63 ± 0.07 mg quercetin/g dry weight, respectively. The DDW extract exhibited the highest potent activity, which was 111.00 ± 0.78 mg gallic acid/g dry weight in terms of phenolic content, while the DEN extract showed the highest tyrosinase inhibition at 0.100 mg/mL (46.97 ± 3.34%) and collagenase activity at 40 µg/mL. The results suggested that the ethanolic extracts from cashew leaves showed promise for use in skincare product development. Cosmeceutical formulations for skincare were prepared. The formula mixed with DEN extract and added to whitening and anti-aging skincare cream demonstrated good stability and physical properties.
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Chen T, Su W, Wu Y, Chen Q, Wang Q, Song J, Zhuang J, Shi Y. Inhibitory effect of CADI on melanin transfer in the B16F10-HaCAT cells co-culture system and anti-melanogenesis of CNCE in zebrafish. Process Biochem 2021; 105:50-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Loaiza-Cano V, Monsalve-Escudero LM, Filho CDSMB, Martinez-Gutierrez M, de Sousa DP. Antiviral Role of Phenolic Compounds against Dengue Virus: A Review. Biomolecules 2020; 11:biom11010011. [PMID: 33374457 PMCID: PMC7823413 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds have been related to multiple biological activities, and the antiviral effect of these compounds has been demonstrated in several viral models of public health concern. In this review, we show the antiviral role of phenolic compounds against dengue virus (DENV), the most widespread arbovirus globally that, after its re-emergence, has caused multiple epidemic outbreaks, especially in the last two years. Twenty phenolic compounds with anti-DENV activity are discussed, including the multiple mechanisms of action, such as those directed against viral particles or viral proteins, host proteins or pathways related to the productive replication viral cycle and the spread of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Loaiza-Cano
- Grupo de Investigacion en Ciencias Animales-GRICA, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, 680003 Bucaramanga, Colombia; (V.L.-C.); (L.M.M.-E.)
| | - Laura Milena Monsalve-Escudero
- Grupo de Investigacion en Ciencias Animales-GRICA, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, 680003 Bucaramanga, Colombia; (V.L.-C.); (L.M.M.-E.)
| | | | - Marlen Martinez-Gutierrez
- Grupo de Investigacion en Ciencias Animales-GRICA, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, 680003 Bucaramanga, Colombia; (V.L.-C.); (L.M.M.-E.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.-G.); (D.P.d.S.); Tel.: +57-310-543-8583 (M.M.-G.); +55-833-216-7347 (D.P.d.S.)
| | - Damião Pergentino de Sousa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, CEP 58051-970 João Pessoa, PB, Brazil;
- Correspondence: (M.M.-G.); (D.P.d.S.); Tel.: +57-310-543-8583 (M.M.-G.); +55-833-216-7347 (D.P.d.S.)
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Huang Q, Chai WM, Ma ZY, Deng WL, Wei QM, Song S, Zou ZR, Peng YY. Antityrosinase mechanism of ellagic acid in vitro and its effect on mouse melanoma cells. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12996. [PMID: 31659813 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The activities of ellagic acid in inhibiting mushroom tyrosinase and cell proliferation were evaluated in this research. The results of enzyme kinetics indicated that ellagic acid could effectively inhibit tyrosinase activity. The value of the semi-inhibitory rate (IC50 ) was 0.2 ± 0.05 mM. Ellagic acid inhibited tyrosinase activity in a reversible manner and was a mixed tyrosinase inhibitor. Furthermore, ellagic acid had a good inhibitory effect on the proliferation of mouse melanoma B16 cells and could induce apoptosis. The results acquired from fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that the interaction of ellagic acid with tyrosinase depended on hydrogen bond and electrostatic force. In addition, computational docking showed that ellagic acid interacted with amino acid residues of tyrosinase (Asn19 and Lys372) by hydrogen bond and produced electrostatic interaction with amino residue Lys18. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: In the present research, the antityrosinase mechanism of ellagic acid and its effect on mouse melanoma cells were investigated. This study suggested that ellagic acid had a strong inhibitory activity against tyrosinase and cell proliferation,which laid an experimental foundation for the development of new drugs and whitening products. The combined multispectral methods used in this research can be applied to the screening of other antityrosinase inhibitors, further promoting the development and utilization of tyrosinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Huang
- College of Life Science, and Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wei-Ming Chai
- College of Life Science, and Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zuo-Yuan Ma
- College of Life Science, and Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wei-Liang Deng
- College of Life Science, and Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qi-Ming Wei
- College of Life Science, and Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shuang Song
- College of Life Science, and Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zheng-Rong Zou
- College of Life Science, and Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yi-Yuan Peng
- College of Life Science, and Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
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Gong CF, Wang YX, Wang ML, Su WC, Wang Q, Chen QX, Shi Y. Evaluation of the Structure and Biological Activities of Condensed Tannins from Acanthus ilicifolius Linn and Their Effect on Fresh-Cut Fuji Apples. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 189:855-870. [PMID: 31131419 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03038-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Condensed tannins (CTS) have been isolated and purified from leaves of Acanthus ilicifolius Linn. And their structures were investigated by three methods: 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR), reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The results showed that the CTS were a mixture of catechin/epicatechin, galatechin/epicatechin, and amphicin/epigalin, and that the polymer chain lengths were 3-mers to 14-mers. Antityrosinase activities and antioxidant activities of the CTS from A. ilicifolius leaves were further studied. The IC50 of the CTS on mushroom tyrosinase activity was determined to be 19.7 ± 0.13 μg/mL, and inhibition type analyses indicated that the CTS were mixed type inhibitors and their inhibition CTS was reversible. The CTS from A. ilicifolius leaves also exhibited potential antioxidant activity. The IC50 of DPPH and ABTS scavenging activities were 104 ± 0.894 μg/mL and 86 ± 0.616 μg/mL, respectively. And the FRAP value was 758.28 ± 2.42 mg AAE/g. In addition, we found that the CTS from A. ilicifolius leaves had an excellent effect on preserving the quality of fresh-cut apples by preventing apples from browning through reducing polyphenol oxidase activities in apples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Fang Gong
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361002, China
| | - Yu-Xia Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361002, China
| | - Meng-Li Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361002, China
| | - Wei-Chao Su
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361002, China
| | - Qin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361002, China
| | - Qing-Xi Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361002, China
| | - Yan Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361002, China.
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Matutino Bastos T, Mannochio Russo H, Silvio Moretti N, Schenkman S, Marcourt L, Gupta MP, Wolfender JL, Ferreira Queiroz E, Botelho Pereira Soares M. Chemical Constituents of Anacardium occidentale as Inhibitors of Trypanosoma cruzi Sirtuins. Molecules 2019; 24:E1299. [PMID: 30987092 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Benznidazole and nifurtimox, the only drugs available for the treatment of Chagas disease, have limited efficacy and have been associated with severe adverse side effects. Thus, there is an urgent need to find new biotargets for the identification of novel bioactive compounds against the parasite and with low toxicity. Silent information regulator 2 (Sir2) enzymes, or sirtuins, have emerged as attractive targets for the development of novel antitrypanosomatid agents. In the present work, we evaluated the inhibitory effect of natural compounds isolated from cashew nut (Anacardium occidentale, L. Anacardiaceae) against the target enzymes TcSir2rp1 and TcSir2rp3 as well as the parasite. Two derivates of cardol (1, 2), cardanol (3, 4), and anacardic acid (5, 6) were investigated. The two anacardic acids (5, 6) inhibited both TcSir2rp1 and TcSir2rp3, while the cardol compound (2) inhibited only TcSir2rp1. The most potent sirtuin inhibitor active against the parasite was the cardol compound (2), with an EC50 value of 12.25 µM, similar to that of benznidazole. Additionally, compounds (1, 4), which were inactive against the sirtuin targets, presented anti-T. cruzi effects. In conclusion, our results showed the potential of Anacardium occidentale compounds for the development of potential sirtuin inhibitors and anti-Trypanosoma cruzi agents.
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Zhou L, Xiong Z, Liu W, Zou L. Different inhibition mechanisms of gentisic acid and cyaniding-3-O-glucoside on polyphenoloxidase. Food Chem 2017; 234:445-454. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Chai W, Lin M, Wang Y, Xu K, Huang W, Pan D, Zou Z, Peng Y. Inhibition of tyrosinase by cherimoya pericarp proanthocyanidins: Structural characterization, inhibitory activity and mechanism. Food Res Int 2017; 100:731-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.07.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Alvarenga TA, de Oliveira PF, de Souza JM, Tavares DC, Andrade E Silva ML, Cunha WR, Groppo M, Januário AH, Magalhães LG, Pauletti PM. Schistosomicidal Activity of Alkyl-phenols from the Cashew Anacardium occidentale against Schistosoma mansoni Adult Worms. J Agric Food Chem 2016; 64:8821-8827. [PMID: 27934289 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Bioassay-guided study of the ethanol extract from the cashew Anacardium occidentale furnished cardol triene (1), cardol diene (2), anacardic acid triene (3), cardol monoene (4), anacardic acid diene (5), 2-methylcardol triene (6), and 2-methylcardol diene (7). 1D- and 2D-NMR experiments and HRMS analysis confirmed the structures of compounds 1-7. Compounds 2 and 7 were active against Schistosoma mansoni adult worms in vitro, with LC50 values of 32.2 and 14.5 μM and selectivity indices of 6.1 and 21.2, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy of the tegument of male worms in the presence of compound 7 at 25 μM after 24 h of incubation showed severe damage as well as peeling and reduction in the number of spine tubercles. Transmission electron microscopy analyses revealed swollen mitochondrial membrane, vacuoles, and altered tegument in worms incubated with compound 2 (25 μM after 24 h). Worms incubated with compound 7 (25 μM after 24 h) had lysed interstitial tissue, degenerated mitochondria, and drastically altered tegument. Together, the results indicated that compound 7 presents promising in vitro schistosomicidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tavane A Alvarenga
- Center for Research in Exact and Technological Sciences, University of Franca , Avenida Doutor Armando Salles Oliveira 201, Franca, São Paulo 14404-600, Brazil
| | - Pollyanna F de Oliveira
- Center for Research in Exact and Technological Sciences, University of Franca , Avenida Doutor Armando Salles Oliveira 201, Franca, São Paulo 14404-600, Brazil
| | - Julia M de Souza
- Center for Research in Exact and Technological Sciences, University of Franca , Avenida Doutor Armando Salles Oliveira 201, Franca, São Paulo 14404-600, Brazil
| | - Denise C Tavares
- Center for Research in Exact and Technological Sciences, University of Franca , Avenida Doutor Armando Salles Oliveira 201, Franca, São Paulo 14404-600, Brazil
| | - Márcio L Andrade E Silva
- Center for Research in Exact and Technological Sciences, University of Franca , Avenida Doutor Armando Salles Oliveira 201, Franca, São Paulo 14404-600, Brazil
| | - Wilson R Cunha
- Center for Research in Exact and Technological Sciences, University of Franca , Avenida Doutor Armando Salles Oliveira 201, Franca, São Paulo 14404-600, Brazil
| | - Milton Groppo
- Department of Biology, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras, Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo , Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Ana H Januário
- Center for Research in Exact and Technological Sciences, University of Franca , Avenida Doutor Armando Salles Oliveira 201, Franca, São Paulo 14404-600, Brazil
| | - Lizandra G Magalhães
- Center for Research in Exact and Technological Sciences, University of Franca , Avenida Doutor Armando Salles Oliveira 201, Franca, São Paulo 14404-600, Brazil
| | - Patrícia M Pauletti
- Center for Research in Exact and Technological Sciences, University of Franca , Avenida Doutor Armando Salles Oliveira 201, Franca, São Paulo 14404-600, Brazil
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Jia Y, Zheng J, Yu F, Cai Y, Zhan X, Wang H, Chen Q. Anti-tyrosinase kinetics and antibacterial process of caffeic acid N-nonyl ester in Chinese Olive (Canarium album) postharvest. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 91:486-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.05.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Aracelli DSL, Md. TI, Antonio LGJ, Joao MDCES, Marcus VOBDA, Marcia FCJP, Hercilia MLR, Maria DGFDM, Ana ADCMC, Jose ADL. Pharmacological properties of cashew (Anacardium occidentale). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5897/ajb2015.15051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Choi J, Park SJ, Jee JG. Analogues of ethionamide, a drug used for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, exhibit potent inhibition of tyrosinase. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 106:157-66. [PMID: 26544630 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosinase catalyzes two distinct sequential reactions in melanin biosynthesis: the hydroxylation of tyrosine to DOPA followed by the oxidation of DOPA to dopaquinone. The central roles of melanin in living species have motivated researchers to maintain constant efforts to discover new agents that modulate tyrosinase activity. In this study, we report on the inhibition of tyrosinase by ethionamide and its analogues. Ethionamide, 2-ethylpyridine-4-carbothioamide, is a second-line antituberculosis drug used for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. The chemical similarity of ethionamide to phenylthiourea, a well-known tyrosinase inhibitor, led us to investigate its inhibitory effects on mushroom tyrosinase and the IC50 was calculated as 4 μM. Five analogues of ethionamide, including another antituberculosis drug, prothionamide, were also inhibitory, with values for IC50 in the range of 3-43 μM. Fluorescence quenching experiments supported a mechanism of direct binding. In contrast, isoniazid, a structural analogue and first-line antituberculosis drug, was a poor inhibitor of tyrosinase. We also tested the effects of ethionamide and its analogues on melanin content in B16F10 cells. At a concentration of 50 μM, the molecules, pyridine-2-carbothioamide and thiobenzamide substantially decreased the melanin content by 44% and 37%, respectively. In addition to identifying other interactions, docking simulations showed that the carbothioamide groups of the molecules make essential contacts with the catalytic di-copper atoms. Our results suggest that carbothioamide can be a central moiety for the development of new and potent tyrosinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonhyeok Choi
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Jean Park
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 406-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Goo Jee
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea.
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Chai WM, Wei MK, Wang R, Deng RG, Zou ZR, Peng YY. Avocado Proanthocyanidins as a Source of Tyrosinase Inhibitors: Structure Characterization, Inhibitory Activity, and Mechanism. J Agric Food Chem 2015; 63:7381-7. [PMID: 26259028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b03099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins were purified from avocado (Persea americana) fruit, and their structures were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-QTRAP mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-QTRAP MS) techniques. The results obtained from mass spectrometry (MS) analysis demonstrated that the proanthocyanidins were homo- and heteropolymers of procyanidins, prodelphinidins, propelargonidins, and procyanidin gallate. From the enzyme analysis, the results showed that they could inhibit the monophenolase and diphenolase activities of tyrosinase. The inhibition mechanism of the proanthocyanidins on the enzyme was further studied, and the results indicated that they were reversible and competitive inhibitors. Finally, the results acquired from molecular docking, fluorescence quenching, and copper ion interacting tests revealed that adjacent hydroxyl groups on the B ring of proanthocyanidins could chelate the dicopper catalytic center of the enzyme. In addtion, proanthocyanidins were proven to be an efficient quencher of substrates. This study would lay a scientific foundation for their use in agriculture, food, and nutrition industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ming Chai
- College of Life Science, and Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, People's Republic of China
| | - Man-Kun Wei
- College of Life Science, and Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Life Science, and Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Gen Deng
- College of Life Science, and Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Rong Zou
- College of Life Science, and Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Yuan Peng
- College of Life Science, and Key Laboratory of Small Functional Organic Molecule, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University , Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, People's Republic of China
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Chen BN, Xing R, Wang F, Zheng AP, Wang L. Inhibitory effects of α-Na8SiW11CoO40 on tyrosinase and its application in controlling browning of fresh-cut apples. Food Chem 2015; 188:177-83. [PMID: 26041180 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
α-Na8SiW11CoO40 was synthesized and characterized. The inhibitory effects of α-Na8SiW11CoO40 on the activity of mushroom tyrosinase and the effects of α-Na8SiW11CoO40 on the browning of fresh-cut apples were studied. The Native-PAGE result showed that α-Na8SiW11CoO40 had a significant inhibitory effect on tyrosinase. Kinetic analyses showed that α-Na8SiW11CoO40 was an irreversible and competitive inhibitor. The inhibitor concentration leading to a 50% reduction in activity (IC50) was estimated to be 0.239 mM. Additionally, the results also showed that α-Na8SiW11CoO40 treatment could significantly decrease the browning process of apple slices and inhibit the polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity. Moreover, application of α-Na8SiW11CoO40 resulted in higher peroxidase activity and promoted high amounts of phenolic compounds and ascorbic acid. This study may provide a promising method for the use of polyoxometalates to inhibit tyrosinase activity and control the browning of fresh-cut apples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Nian Chen
- Yanwu Affiliated Hospital of Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University (Xiamen University Hospital), Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Rui Xing
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Fang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Quanzhou Normal College, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - A-Ping Zheng
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China.
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Rebolleda S, Sanz MT, Benito JM, Beltrán S, Escudero I, González San-José ML. Formulation and characterisation of wheat bran oil-in-water nanoemulsions. Food Chem 2015; 167:16-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.06.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chen XX, Shi Y, Chai WM, Feng HL, Zhuang JX, Chen QX. Condensed tannins from Ficus virens as tyrosinase inhibitors: structure, inhibitory activity and molecular mechanism. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91809. [PMID: 24637701 PMCID: PMC3956756 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Condensed tannins from Ficus virens leaves, fruit, and stem bark were isolated and their structures characterized by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, high performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The results showed that the leaves, fruit, and stem bark condensed tannins were complex mixtures of homo- and heteropolymers of B-type procyanidins and prodelphinidins with degrees of polymerization up to hexamer, dodecamer, and pentadecamer, respectively. Antityrosinase activities of the condensed tannins were studied. The results indicated that the condensed tannins were potent tyrosinase inhibitors. The concentrations for the leaves, fruit, and stem bark condensed tannins leading to 50% enzyme activity were determined to be 131.67, 99.89, and 106.22 μg/ml on monophenolase activity, and 128.42, 43.07, and 74.27 μg/ml on diphenolase activity. The inhibition mechanism, type, and constants of the condensed tannins on the diphenolase activity were further investigated. The results indicated that the condensed tannins were reversible and mixed type inhibitors. Fluorescence quenching, copper interacting, and molecular docking techniques were utilized to unravel the molecular mechanisms of the inhibition. The results showed that the hydroxyl group on the B ring of the condensed tannins could chelate the dicopper irons of the enzyme. Moreover, the condensed tannins could reduce the enzyme product o-quinones into colourless compounds. These results would contribute to the development and design of antityrosinase agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xin Chen
- Key Lab of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Key Lab of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wei-Ming Chai
- Key Lab of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hui-Ling Feng
- Key Lab of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiang-Xing Zhuang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qing-Xi Chen
- Key Lab of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Hu YH, Liu X, Jia YL, Guo YJ, Wang Q, Chen QX. Inhibitory kinetics of chlorocinnamic acids on mushroom tyrosinase. J Biosci Bioeng 2014; 117:142-146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Chai WM, Liu X, Hu YH, Feng HL, Jia YL, Guo YJ, Zhou HT, Chen QX. Antityrosinase and antimicrobial activities of furfuryl alcohol, furfural and furoic acid. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 57:151-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Yang M, Chen C, Hu Y, Zheng C, Li Z, Ni L, Sun L, Chen Q. Inhibitory kinetics of DABT and DABPT as novel tyrosinase inhibitors. J Biosci Bioeng 2013; 115:514-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2012.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Lin YF, Hu YH, Lin HT, Liu X, Chen YH, Zhang S, Chen QX. Inhibitory effects of propyl gallate on tyrosinase and its application in controlling pericarp browning of harvested longan fruits. J Agric Food Chem 2013; 61:2889-95. [PMID: 23427826 DOI: 10.1021/jf305481h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosinase (EC 1.14.18.1), also known as polyphenol oxidase (PPO), is a key enzyme in pigment biosynthesis of organisms. The inhibitory effects of propyl gallate on the activity of mushroom tyrosinase and effects of propyl gallate on pericarp browning of harvested longan fruits in relation to phenolic metabolism were investigated. The results showed that propyl gallate could potently inhibit diphenolase activity of tyrosinase. The inhibitor concentration leading to 50% activity lost (IC50) was determined to be 0.685 mM. Kinetic analyses showed that propyl gallate was a reversible and mixed type inhibitor on this enzyme. The inhibition constants (K(IS) and K(I)) were determined to be 2.135 and 0.661 mM, respectively. Furthermore, the results also showed that propyl gallate treatment inhibited activities of PPO and POD in pericarp of harvested longan fruits, and maintained higher contents of total phenol and flavonoid of longan pericarp. Moreover, propyl gallate treatment also delayed the increases of browning index and browning degree in pericarp of harvested longan fruits. Therefore, application of propyl gallate may be a promising method for inhibiting tyrosinase activity, controlling pericarp browning, and extending shelf life of harvested longan fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fen Lin
- Institute of Postharvest Technology of Agricultural Products, College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
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Lin Y, Hu Y, Jia Y, Li Z, Guo Y, Chen Q, Lin H. Inhibitory effects of naphthols on the activity of mushroom tyrosinase. Int J Biol Macromol 2012; 51:32-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Chai WM, Shi Y, Feng HL, Qiu L, Zhou HC, Deng ZW, Yan CL, Chen QX. NMR, HPLC-ESI-MS, and MALDI-TOF MS analysis of condensed tannins from Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf. and their bioactivities. J Agric Food Chem 2012; 60:5013-22. [PMID: 22515734 DOI: 10.1021/jf300740d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The structures of the condensed tannins isolated from leaf, fruit, and stem bark of Delonix regia (Bojer ex Hook.) Raf. have been investigated with (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance ((13)C NMR) and high performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) coupled with thiolysis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analyses. The results showed that these condensed tannins from D. regia possessed structural heterogeneity in monomer units and degree of polymerization. Propelargonidin (PP) and procyanidin (PC) were found in the leaf, fruit, and stem bark of D. regia, while prodelphinidin (PD) was found only in the leaves. The polymer chain lengths of condensed tannins from leaf and fruit organs were detected to be trimers to hexadecamers but from trimers to tridecamers for stem bark. B-type linkages were present in all these compounds. Condensed tannins from different parts of D. regia can be explored as tyrosinase inhibitors and food antioxidants because of their potent antityrosinase and antioxidant activities. The inhibitor concentration leading to 50% enzyme activity (IC(50)) was estimated to be 38 ± 1, 73 ± 2, and 54 ± 1.5 μg/mL for the condensed tannins of leaf, fruit, and stem bark. Condensed tannins extracted from stem bark exhibited the highest antioxidant activity; the DPPH scavenging activity (IC(50)) and the FRAP values were 90 ± 2 μg/mL and 5.42 ± 0.09 mmol AAE/g, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ming Chai
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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Liang CH. Ov-16 [4-(3,4-dihydroxybenzoyloxymethyl)phenyl-O-β-D-glucopyranoside] inhibits melanin synthesis by regulating expressions of melanogenesis-regulated gene and protein. Exp Dermatol 2011; 20:743-8. [PMID: 21672031 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2011.01311.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Ov-16 (4-(3,4-dihydroxybenzoyloxymethyl)phenyl-O-β-D-glucopyranoside), a polyphenolic glycoside that is isolated from oregano (Origanum vulgare L.), can scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals. This investigation is the first to study in detail the hypopigmentary properties of Ov-16. It demonstrates that 0-1000 μg/ml Ov-16 inhibits the activity of mushroom tyrosinase (Tyr) in a concentration-dependent manner. The inhibitionary Tyr kinetics of Ov-16 towards the oxidation of L-DOPA was found to be uncompetitive. Following the treatment of human skin premalignant kerationcyte HaCaT cells, human skin fibroblast Hs68 cells and mice melanoma B16 cells with Ov-16 (0-100 μg/ml), cell viability was >98%, suggesting that Ov-16 is non-toxic. Ov-16 can reduce cellular Tyr activity, DOPA oxidase activity and melanin synthesis in B16 cells that are stimulated by the α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH). Moreover, Ov-16 inhibited the production of melanin in Streptomyces bikiniensis without affecting the growth of the microorganism. The treatment of B16 cells with Ov-16 considerably reduced the gene expressions of melanocortin-1 receptor (Mc1r), microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (Mitf), Tyr, tyrosinase-related proteins-2 (Trp-2) and Trp-1, as determined by RT-PCR. The expressions of Mc1r, Mift, Tyr, Trp-2 and TrpP-1 protein in Ov-16-treated B16 cells were also significantly reduced, as determined by western blotting and fluorescent staining analysis. These results suggest that Ov-16 exhibits hypopigmentary performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hua Liang
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, 60 Erh-Jen Road Sec. 1, Pao-An, Jen-Te Hsiang, Tainan, Taiwan.
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