1
|
Cho J, Bejaoui M, Tominaga K, Isoda H. Comparative Analysis of Olive-Derived Phenolic Compounds' Pro-Melanogenesis Effects on B16F10 Cells and Epidermal Human Melanocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4479. [PMID: 38674064 PMCID: PMC11050296 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Olive leaf contains plenty of phenolic compounds, among which oleuropein (OP) is the main component and belongs to the group of secoiridoids. Additionally, phenolic compounds such as oleocanthal (OL) and oleacein (OC), which share a structural similarity with OP and two aldehyde groups, are also present in olive leaves. These compounds have been studied for several health benefits, such as anti-cancer and antioxidant effects. However, their impact on the skin remains unknown. Therefore, this study aims to compare the effects of these three compounds on melanogenesis using B16F10 cells and human epidermal cells. Thousands of gene expressions were measured by global gene expression profiling with B16F10 cells. We found that glutaraldehyde compounds derived from olive leaves have a potential effect on the activation of the melanogenesis pathway and inducing differentiation in B16F10 cells. Accordingly, the pro-melanogenesis effect was investigated by means of melanin quantification, mRNA, and protein expression using human epidermal melanocytes (HEM). This study suggests that secoiridoid and its derivates have an impact on skin protection by promoting melanin production in both human and mouse cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juhee Cho
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-0006, Japan; (J.C.)
| | - Meriem Bejaoui
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-0006, Japan; (J.C.)
- Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tominaga
- Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-0006, Japan; (J.C.)
- Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Anticancer effects of olive oil polyphenols and their combinations with anticancer drugs. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2019; 69:461-482. [PMID: 31639094 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2019-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cancer presents one of the leading causes of death in the world. Current treatment includes the administration of one or more anticancer drugs, commonly known as chemotherapy. The biggest issue concerning the chemotherapeutics is their toxicity on normal cells and persisting side effects. One approach to the issue is chemoprevention and the other one is the discovery of more effective drugs or drug combinations, including combinations with polyphenols. Olive oil polyphenols (OOPs), especially hydroxytyrosol (HTyr), tyrosol (Tyr) and their derivatives oleuropein (Ole), oleacein and oleocanthal (Oc) express anticancer activity on different cancer models. Recent studies report that phenolic extract of virgin olive oil may be more effective than the individual phenolic compounds. Also, there is a growing body of evidence about the combined treatment of OOPs with various anticancer drugs, such as cisplatin, tamoxifen, doxorubicin and others. These novel approaches may present an advanced strategy in the prevention and treatment of cancer.
Collapse
|
3
|
The Polyphenolic Composition of Extracts Derived from Different Greek Extra Virgin Olive Oils Is Correlated with Their Antioxidant Potency. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:1870965. [PMID: 31015888 PMCID: PMC6446106 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1870965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Olive oil possesses a predominant role in the diet of countries around the Mediterranean basin, whereas it is a known constituent of several sectors of human culture. The polyphenolic composition of olive oil seems to be a key factor in its beneficial biological properties. Based on the above, the aim of this study was to correlate the polyphenolic composition of five extracts derived from a Greek olive oil variety with their antioxidant potency and antimutagenic activities in vitro with chemical-based techniques and cell culture-based assays. According to the results obtained, the polyphenol samples with higher concentration of hydroxytyrosol (HT) were more potent in antioxidant and antimutagenic activity in vitro, as indicated by their ability to scavenge ABTS·+ radical and to protect the strand of plasmid DNA from free radical-induced breaking compared to the corresponding samples with higher levels of tyrosol (T) and its derivatives. However, this observation was not evident in the cell culture model (i.e., the HeLa cervical cancer cell line) to which the tested extracts were administered. Specifically, the T-rich extracts more effectively increased endogenous GSH levels measured by flow cytometry than did the HT-rich compounds. Also, olive oil compounds contributed variously to the expression of genes implicated in the cell antioxidant machinery, as indicated by quantitative PCR. Therefore, the relationship between structure and function in redox regulation is complex and merits the combination of tests. Given that factors like the production and storage regimen of the plants are major determinants of the composition of the generated extracts, we propose that specific conditions should be adopted in order to achieve their maximum biological activity. These results followed by others in the same direction could provide a solid basis for the production of functional foods enriched in olive oil extracts with potential antioxidant action in vivo.
Collapse
|
4
|
Enzyme-assisted extraction of Momordica balsamina L. fruit phenolics: process optimized by response surface methodology. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-018-9982-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
5
|
Sivakumar G, Uccella NA, Gentile L. Probing Downstream Olive Biophenol Secoiridoids. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19102892. [PMID: 30249049 PMCID: PMC6212805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous bioactive biophenol secoiridoids (BPsecos) are found in the fruit, leaves, and oil of olives. These BPsecos play important roles in both the taste of food and human health. The main BPseco bioactive from green olive fruits, leaves, and table olives is oleuropein, while olive oil is rich in oleuropein downstream pathway molecules. The aim of this study was to probe olive BPseco downstream molecular pathways that are alike in biological and olive processing systems at different pHs and reaction times. The downstream molecular pathway were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI/MS) and typed neglected of different overlap (TNDO) computational methods. Our study showed oleuropein highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and HOMO-1 triggered the free radical processes, while HOMO-2 and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) were polar reactions of glucoside and ester groups. Olive BPsecos were found to be stable under acid and base catalylic experiments. Oleuropein aglycone opened to diales and rearranged to hydroxytyrosil-elenolate under strong reaction conditions. The results suggest that competition among olive BPseco HOMOs could induce glucoside hydrolysis during olive milling due to native olive β-glucosidases. The underlined olive BPsecos downstream molecular mechanism herein could provide new insights into the olive milling process to improve BPseco bioactives in olive oil and table olives, which would enhance both the functional food and the nutraceuticals that are produced from olives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ganapathy Sivakumar
- Department of Engineering Technology, College of Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
| | - Nicola A Uccella
- IRESMO Foundation Group, via Petrozza 16A, 87040 Montalto Uffugo, Italy.
- Department of Mechanical, Energy and Management Engineering (DIMEG), University of Calabria, P. Bucci 42C, 87036 Rende, Italy.
| | - Luigi Gentile
- Chemistry and Chemical Technology Department, University of Calabria, P. Bucci 12C, 87036 Rende, Italy.
- Molecular Ecology, Microbial Ecology and Evolutionary Genetics (MEMEG) unit, Department of Biology, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Souza PALD, Marcadenti A, Portal VL. Effects of Olive Oil Phenolic Compounds on Inflammation in the Prevention and Treatment of Coronary Artery Disease. Nutrients 2017; 9:E1087. [PMID: 28973999 PMCID: PMC5691704 DOI: 10.3390/nu9101087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is responsible for more than 7 million deaths worldwide. In the early stages of the development of atherosclerotic plaques, cardiovascular risk factors stimulate vascular endothelial cells, initiating an inflammatory process, fundamental in the pathogenesis of CAD. The inclusion of potentially cardioprotective foods, such as olive oil, to the diet, may aid in the control of these risk factors, and in the reduction of cytokines and inflammatory markers. The present review aims to address the interaction between phenolic compounds present in olive oil, and inflammation, in the prevention and treatment of CAD. In vitro and in vivo studies suggest that phenolic compounds, such as hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, and their secoiridoid derivatives, may reduce the expression of adhesion molecules and consequent migration of immune cells, modify the signaling cascade and the transcription network (blocking the signal and expression of the nuclear factor kappa B), inhibit the action of enzymes responsible for the production of eicosanoids, and consequently, decrease circulating levels of inflammatory markers. Daily consumption of olive oil seems to modulate cytokines and inflammatory markers related to CAD in individuals at risk for cardiovascular diseases. However, clinical studies that have evaluated the effects of olive oil and its phenolic compounds on individuals with CAD are still scarce.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Azambuja Lopes de Souza
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences: Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology/University Foundation of Cardiology (IC/FUC), Princesa Isabel Avenue, 370, Porto Alegre RS 90620-001, Brazil.
| | - Aline Marcadenti
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences: Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology/University Foundation of Cardiology (IC/FUC), Princesa Isabel Avenue, 370, Porto Alegre RS 90620-001, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Sarmento Leite Avenue, 245, Porto Alegre RS 90050-170, Brazil.
| | - Vera Lúcia Portal
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences: Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology/University Foundation of Cardiology (IC/FUC), Princesa Isabel Avenue, 370, Porto Alegre RS 90620-001, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Analytical Evaluation and Antioxidant Properties of Some Secondary Metabolites in Northern Italian Mono- and Multi-Varietal Extra Virgin Olive Oils (EVOOs) from Early and Late Harvested Olives. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040797. [PMID: 28398235 PMCID: PMC5412381 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant activity and the phenolic and α-tocopherol content of 10 Northern Italian mono- and multi-varietal extra virgin olive oils (EVOOs), after early and late olive harvests, was analyzed. A hierarchical cluster analysis was used to evaluate sample similarity. Secoiridoids (SIDs), lignans and flavonoids were the most abundant phenolic compounds identified. The organic Casaliva (among mono-cultivar) and the organic multi-varietal (among blended oils) EVOOs had the higher total phenol content both in early (263.13 and 326.19 mg/kg, respectively) and late harvest (241.88 and 292.34 mg/kg, respectively) conditions. In comparison to late harvest EVOOs, early harvest EVOOs, in particular the organic mono-cultivar Casaliva, showed both higher antioxidant capacity (up to 1285.97 Oxygen Radicals Absorbance Capacity/ORAC units), probably due to the higher SID fraction (54% vs. 40%), and higher α-tocopherol content (up to 280.67 mg/kg). Overall, these results suggest that SIDs and α-tocopherol mainly contribute to antioxidant properties of the studied EVOOs. In light of this, the authors conclude that early harvest, organic mono-cultivar Casaliva EVOO represents the most interesting candidate to explicate healthy effects ascribed to these functional constituents, particularly regarding oxidative stress-related pathologies.
Collapse
|
8
|
Cano-Lamadrid M, Hernández F, Corell M, Burló F, Legua P, Moriana A, Carbonell-Barrachina ÁA. Antioxidant capacity, fatty acids profile, and descriptive sensory analysis of table olives as affected by deficit irrigation. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:444-451. [PMID: 27059299 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influence of three irrigation treatments (T0, no stress; T1, soft stress; and, T2, moderate stress) on the key functional properties [fatty acids, sugar alcohols, organic acids, minerals, total polyphenols content (TPC), and antioxidant activity (AA)], sensory quality, and consumers' acceptance of table olives, cv. 'Manzanilla', was evaluated. RESULTS A soft water stress, T1, led to table olives with the highest oil and dry matter contents, with the highest intensities of key sensory attributes and slightly, although not significant, higher values of consumer satisfaction degree. Besides, RDI in general (T1 and T2) slightly increased green colour, the content of linoleic acid, but decreased the content of phytic acid and some minerals. CONCLUSION The soft RDI conditions are a good option for the cultivation of olive trees because they are environmentally friendly and simultaneously maintain or even improve the functionality, sensory quality, and consumer acceptance of table olives. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Cano-Lamadrid
- Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela, Department of Agro-Food Technology, Research Group 'Food Quality and Safety', Carretera Beniel, km 3.2, 03312-Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - Francisca Hernández
- Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela, Department of Plant Sciences and Microbiology, Research Group 'Plant Production and Technology', Carretera de Beniel, km 3.2, 03312-Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - Mireia Corell
- Unidad Asociada al CSIC de Uso Sostenible del Suelo y el Agua en la Agricultura (US-IRNAS), Carretera de Utrera, km 1, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
- Universidad de Sevilla, Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestales, ETSIA, Ctra. de Utrera, km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Francisco Burló
- Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela, Department of Agro-Food Technology, Research Group 'Food Quality and Safety', Carretera Beniel, km 3.2, 03312-Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - Pilar Legua
- Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela, Department of Plant Sciences and Microbiology, Research Group 'Plant Production and Technology', Carretera de Beniel, km 3.2, 03312-Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - Alfonso Moriana
- Unidad Asociada al CSIC de Uso Sostenible del Suelo y el Agua en la Agricultura (US-IRNAS), Carretera de Utrera, km 1, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
- Universidad de Sevilla, Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestales, ETSIA, Ctra. de Utrera, km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ángel A Carbonell-Barrachina
- Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela, Department of Agro-Food Technology, Research Group 'Food Quality and Safety', Carretera Beniel, km 3.2, 03312-Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Quintero-Flórez A, Sinausia Nieva L, Sánchez-Ortíz A, Beltrán G, Perona JS. The Fatty Acid Composition of Virgin Olive Oil from Different Cultivars Is Determinant for Foam Cell Formation by Macrophages. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:6731-8. [PMID: 26184645 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Although the beneficial role of Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) in the Mediterranean diet is well-known, its effects on health cannot be attributed solely to oleic acid. In addition to minor components, the presence of other fatty acids (FA), which depend largely on the cultivar among other factors, needs to be considered. The present study examined the effect of chylomicron remnant-like particles (CRLP) enriched in fatty acids of EVOO from 'Chetoui', 'Buidiego', 'Galega', 'Blanqueta', and 'Picual' cultivars on the foam cell formation by THP-1 macrophages. THP-1 cells were incubated with EVOO-CRLP for 24 h. Lipid accumulation in cells was measured by determining intracellular total triacylglycerol (TAG) concentration and FA composition. Intracellular TAG concentrations were higher in cells incubated with 'Chetoui' and 'Blanqueta' CRLP (0.33 ± 0.05 and 0.38 ± 0.07 μmol/mg of protein, respectively) than with 'Buidiego' and 'Picual' CRLP (0.20 ± 0.05 and 0.24 ± 0.06 μmol/mg of protein, respectively). In conclusion, linoleic acid-rich EVOO induced higher TAG incorporation into THP-1 macrophages compared to oleic acid-rich EVOO, the 18:1/18:2 ratio being consistently correlated with intracellular TAG accumulation. The results of this study demonstrated that the differences in EVOO-FA composition may have an important role in foam cell formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Sinausia Nieva
- §Instituto de la Grasa, Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Building 46, Ctra. Utrera km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | | | - Gabriel Beltrán
- †IFAPA Centro Venta del Llano, Cart. N-323a Km 18, 23620 Mengibar, Spain
| | - Javier S Perona
- §Instituto de la Grasa, Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Building 46, Ctra. Utrera km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ahmad N, Zuo Y, Lu X, Anwar F, Hameed S. Characterization of free and conjugated phenolic compounds in fruits of selected wild plants. Food Chem 2015. [PMID: 26212944 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.05.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) method was utilized for the separation, and systematic characterization of phenolic compounds as trimethylsilyl derivatives in fruits of wild plants including Olive, Jujube and Common Fig. Both the free and conjugate phenolic acids (rarely determined before and several are reported first time here) were characterized. A baseline separation of the 20 phenolics was achieved in 25 min with standard calibration curves linear over the concentration range from the detection limits to 20 μg/mL. Total of fourteen phenolic acids were identified in wild Olive fruit, eight in wild Jujube fruit and ten in wild Common Fig fruit, out of which 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid and trans-cinnamic acid were dominant in these fruits with concentration of 87.02, 5.25 and 14.16 mg/kg and 32.43, 5.77 and 11.70 mg/kg (dry weight), respectively. The results of this study support the utilization of the tested wild fruits as a potential source of valuable phenolics for functional food and nutraceutical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 41000, Pakistan; National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, NIBGE, PO Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Yuegang Zuo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA.
| | - Xiaofei Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA
| | - Farooq Anwar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 41000, Pakistan; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, PO Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sohail Hameed
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, NIBGE, PO Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fuccelli R, Fabiani R, Sepporta MV, Rosignoli P. The hydroxytyrosol-dependent increase of TNF-α in LPS-activated human monocytes is mediated by PGE2 and adenylate cyclase activation. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:933-7. [PMID: 25866079 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
An accurate regulation of PGE2 and TNF-α production is an important event for a physiological inflammation process. We have recently reported that in LPS-activated human monocytes hydroxytyrosol, the main phenol present in extra virgin olive oil reduced both the COX-2 gene expression and PGE2 secretion while it increased the TNF-α accumulation in the culture medium. Here we have investigated whether these effects were related to each other, clarifying the possible mechanisms involved. We found that hydroxytyrosol (100 μM) increased the TNF-α mRNA level in LPS-activated human monocytes as evaluated by both RT-PCR and real time PCR (qPCR). Exogenous PGE2 reduced both TNF-α mRNA and TNF-α secretion (EIA assay) while the activation of adenylate cyclase by forskolin decreased only the TNF-α secretion but did not influence the TNF-α mRNA level. Acting similarly to non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), the hydroxytyrosol could be used to develop innovative drugs for the control of inflammation and immune response. The decrease of TNF mediated by forskolin, moreover, could suggest that the pharmacological regulation of cAMP production may represent a strategy to control the side effects of NSAIDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Fuccelli
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, via del Giochetto, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
| | - R Fabiani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, via del Giochetto, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
| | - M V Sepporta
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, via del Giochetto, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
| | - P Rosignoli
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia, via del Giochetto, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Roleira FMF, Tavares-da-Silva EJ, Varela CL, Costa SC, Silva T, Garrido J, Borges F. Plant derived and dietary phenolic antioxidants: anticancer properties. Food Chem 2015; 183:235-58. [PMID: 25863633 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a review of the literature on the phenolic compounds with anticancer activity published between 2008 and 2012 is presented. In this overview only phenolic antioxidant compounds that display significant anticancer activity have been described. In the first part of this review, the oxidative and nitrosative stress relation with cancer are described. In the second part, the plant-derived food extracts, containing identified phenolic antioxidants, the phenolic antioxidants isolated from plants and plant-derived food or commercially available and the synthetic ones, along with the type of cancer and cells where they exert anticancer activity, are described and summarized in tables. The principal mechanisms for their anti-proliferative effects were also described. Finally, a critical analysis of the studies and directions for future research are included in the conclusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda M F Roleira
- CEF, Center for Pharmaceutical Studies, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Elisiário J Tavares-da-Silva
- CEF, Center for Pharmaceutical Studies, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carla L Varela
- CEF, Center for Pharmaceutical Studies, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Saul C Costa
- CEF, Center for Pharmaceutical Studies, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Tiago Silva
- CIQUP/Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Garrido
- CIQUP/Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior de Engenharia, IPP, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Borges
- CIQUP/Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Vilaplana-Pérez C, Auñón D, García-Flores LA, Gil-Izquierdo A. Hydroxytyrosol and potential uses in cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and AIDS. Front Nutr 2014; 1:18. [PMID: 25988120 PMCID: PMC4428486 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2014.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol is one of the main phenolic components of olive oil. It is present in the fruit and leaf of the olive (Olea europaea L.). During the past decades, it has been well documented that this phenolic compound has health benefits and a protective action has been found in preclinical studies against several diseases. Here, we review its bioavailability in human beings and several assays showing significant results related with cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Mechanisms of action include potent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, among others. The importance of hydroxytyrosol in protection of low-density lipoproteins and consequently its implication in the reduction of cardiovascular disease risk has been highlighted by the European Food Safety Authority, concluding that 5 mg of hydroxytyrosol and its derivatives should be consumed daily to reach this effect at physiological level. We discuss the potential uses of this compound in supplements, nutraceutic foods, or topical formulations in the disease risk reduction. Finally, we conclude that more studies are needed to sustain or reject many other health claims not yet fully documented and to validate these newly available hydroxytyrosol-based products, because it seems to be a good candidate to reduce the risk of diseases mentioned.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Vilaplana-Pérez
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CSIC , Murcia , Spain
| | - David Auñón
- Department of Research and Development, Seprox BIOTECH, S.L. , Madrid , Spain
| | - Libia A García-Flores
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CSIC , Murcia , Spain
| | - Angel Gil-Izquierdo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CSIC , Murcia , Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Priore P, Caruso D, Siculella L, Gnoni GV. Rapid down-regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism by phenolic fraction from extra virgin olive oil. Eur J Nutr 2014; 54:823-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-014-0761-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
15
|
Troise AD, Ferracane R, Palermo M, Fogliano V. Targeted metabolite profile of food bioactive compounds by Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry: The “FancyTiles” approach. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
16
|
Adhami HR, Zehl M, Dangl C, Dorfmeister D, Stadler M, Urban E, Hewitson P, Ignatova S, Krenn L. Preparative isolation of oleocanthal, tyrosol, and hydroxytyrosol from olive oil by HPCCC. Food Chem 2014; 170:154-9. [PMID: 25306330 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.08.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
For the provision of oleocanthal (OLC), a phenolic compound with very promising pharmacological properties, isolation from olive oil is a very important option. Due to the compound's sensitivity to decomposition upon exposure to oxygen and light, a very gentle isolation method has been developed under use of high performance countercurrent chromatography (HPCCC). By partition of olive oil between hexane and methanol, an extract enriched in phenolics was prepared and subjected to a two-step HPCCC separation under use of heptane-EtOAc-MeOH-H2O mixtures in normal-phase and reverse phase mode, respectively. With this method, the isolation of tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol, and the mixture of (3S,4E)- and (3S,4Z)-OLC was achieved in approx. 70 min for each step. By one- and two-dimensional NMR-experiments and LC-MS, the equilibrium of (3S,4E)- and (3S,4Z)-OLC in such olive oil extracts has unambiguously been proven for the first time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Zehl
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina Dangl
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Marco Stadler
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ernst Urban
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Hewitson
- Brunel Institute for Bioengineering, Brunel University, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Svetlana Ignatova
- Brunel Institute for Bioengineering, Brunel University, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Liselotte Krenn
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Vougogiannopoulou K, Lemus C, Halabalaki M, Pergola C, Werz O, Smith AB, Michel S, Skaltsounis L, Deguin B. One-step semisynthesis of oleacein and the determination as a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:441-445. [PMID: 24568174 DOI: 10.1021/np401010x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The dialdehydes oleacein (2) and oleocanthal (4) are closely related to oleuropein (1) and ligstroside (3), the two latter compounds being abundant iridoids of Olea europaea. By exploiting oleuropein isolated from the plant leaf extract, an efficient procedure has been developed for a one-step semisynthesis of oleacein under Krapcho decarbomethoxylation conditions. Highlighted is the fact that 5-lipoxygenase is a direct target for oleacein with an inhibitory potential (IC50: 2 μM) more potent than oleocanthal (4) and oleuropein (1). This enzyme catalyzes the initial steps in the biosynthesis of pro-inflammatory leukotrienes. Taken together, the methodology presented here offers an alternative solution to isolation or total synthesis for the procurement of oleacein, thus facilitating the further development as a potential anti-inflammatory agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Vougogiannopoulou
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Athens , Panepistimiopolis, GR-15771, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cecchi L, Migliorini M, Cherubini C, Giusti M, Zanoni B, Innocenti M, Mulinacci N. Phenolic profiles, oil amount and sugar content during olive ripening of three typical Tuscan cultivars to detect the best harvesting time for oil production. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
19
|
Sepporta MV, Mazza T, Morozzi G, Fabiani R. Pinoresinol inhibits proliferation and induces differentiation on human HL60 leukemia cells. Nutr Cancer 2013; 65:1208-18. [PMID: 24099079 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2013.828089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Pinoresinol (PIN), one of the simplest lignans, is the precursor of other dietary lignans that are present in whole-grain cereals, legumes, fruits, and other vegetables. Several experimental and epidemiological evidences suggest that lignans may prevent human cancer in different organs. In this study we investigated the chemopreventive properties of PIN on cell lines derived from different sites either expressing or not the functional tumor suppressor protein p53. It was found that PIN inhibited the proliferation of p53 wild type colon and prostate tumor cells (HCT116 and LNCaP) while in breast cells the inhibition of growth was observed only in p53 mutant cells (MDA-MB-231). A potent antiproliferative activity of PIN was also observed on p53 null cells HL60 (IC50% 8 μM), their multidrug resistant variant HL60R (IC50% 32 μM) and K562. On HL60 cells, PIN caused a block of cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase, induced a weak proapoptotic effect but it was a good trigger of differentiation (NBT reduction and CD11b expression). PIN caused an upregulation of the CDK inhibitor p21(WAF1/Cip1) both at mRNA and protein levels so suggesting that this could be a mechanism by which PIN reduced proliferation and induced differentiation on HL60 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vittoria Sepporta
- a Dipartimento di Specialità Medico-Chirurgiche e Sanità Pubblica, Sezione di Epidemiologia Molecolare ed Igiene Ambientale , Università degli Studi di Perugia , Perugia , Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mateos R, Pereira-Caro G, Bacon JR, Bongaerts R, Sarriá B, Bravo L, Kroon PA. Anticancer activity of olive oil hydroxytyrosyl acetate in human adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:3264-3269. [PMID: 23452288 DOI: 10.1021/jf305158q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The anticancer activity of hydroxytyrosyl acetate (HTy-Ac) has been studied in human colon adenocarcinoma cells. Gene expression of proteins involved in cell cycle (p21, p53, cyclin B1, and cyclin G2) and programmed cell death (BNIP3, BNIP3L, PDCD4, and ATF3), as well as phase I and phase II detoxifying enzymes CYPA1 and UGT1A10, were evaluated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction after 24 h of exposure of Caco-2/TC7 cells to 5, 10, and 50 μM of HTy-Ac. The results show that HTy-Ac inhibited cell proliferation and arrested cell cycle by enhancing p21 and CCNG2 and lowering CCNB1 protein expression. HTy-Ac also affected the transcription of genes involved in apoptosis up-regulating of BNIP3, BNIP3L, PDCD4, and ATF3 and activating caspase-3. In addition, HTy-Ac also up-regulated xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes CYP1A1 and UGT1A10, thus enhancing carcinogen detoxification. In conclusion, these results highlight that HTy-Ac has the potential to modulate biomarkers involved in colon cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Mateos
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Polyphenolic compounds, antioxidant activity and l-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity during ripening of olive cv. “Cobrançosa” under different irrigation regimes. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2012.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
22
|
Effect of olive oil phenols on the production of inflammatory mediators in freshly isolated human monocytes. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 24:1513-9. [PMID: 23477728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that the anti-inflammatory properties of extra virgin olive oil may be involved in the prevention of chronic degenerative diseases. In this study, the ability of olive oil phenols to influence the release of superoxide anions (O2-), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and the expression of cyclooxygenase2 (COX2) in human monocytes, freshly isolated from healthy donors, was investigated. O2- were measured by superoxide dismutase-inhibitable cytochrome c reduction and PGE2 and TNFα production were determined in culture medium with appropriate enzyme immunoassay kits. COX2 mRNA and protein were evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western immunoblotting, respectively. Treatment of monocytes for 24 h with 100 μM of hydroxytyrosol (3,4-DHPEA), tyrosol (p-HPEA) and their secoiridoid derivatives (3,4-DHPEA and p-HPEA linked to the dialdehydic form of elenolic acid: 3,4-DHPEA-EDA and p-HPEA-EDA, respectively) significantly (P<.05) inhibited the production of O2(-) as follows: 3,4-DHPEA (40%,), p-HPEA (9%), 3,4-DHPEA-EDA (25%) and p-HPEA-EDA (36%). Hydroxytyrosol also considerably reduced the expression of COX2 at both the mRNA and protein level (P<.05) and caused a clear dose-dependent reduction of PGE2 released into the culture medium (45% and 71% at 50 and 100 μM, respectively, P<.05). The COX2 mRNA was also efficiently inhibited by the secoiridoids. Moreover, it was shown that hydroxytyrosol increased the monocytes TNFα production. In addition to other chemopreventive properties, these results suggest that the health effects of olive oil phenols may be related to their ability to modulate the production of pro-inflammatory molecules, a property common to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Collapse
|
23
|
Di Maio I, Esposto S, Taticchi A, Selvaggini R, Veneziani G, Urbani S, Servili M. Characterization of 3,4-DHPEA-EDA oxidation products in virgin olive oil by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2012; 138:1381-91. [PMID: 23411258 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.10.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Secoiridoid derivatives are the most important antioxidants of virgin olive oil (VOO), and their oxidation products could be used as molecular markers of VOO freshness to define the VOO autoxidation state. The aim of this research was to characterise the dialdehydic form of decarboxymethyl elenolic acid linked to hydroxytyrosol (3,4-DHPEA-EDA) oxidation products to find analytical indicators that could be used as early evaluation index of the VOO autoxidation state. 3,4-DHPEA-EDA was oxidised by enzymatic and Fenton reactions. Terpenic structure oxidation products accumulated in VOO during the autoxidation process, thus they may be used as early evaluation index of the VOO autoxidation state before fatty acids oxidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Di Maio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Economico-Estimative e degli Alimenti, Sezione di Tecnologie e Biotecnologie degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via S. Costanzo, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|