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King O, Pérez-Madrigal MM, Murphy ER, Hmayed AAR, Dove AP, Weems AC. 4D Printable Salicylic Acid Photopolymers for Sustained Drug Releasing, Shape Memory, Soft Tissue Scaffolds. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:4680-4694. [PMID: 37747816 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
3D printing of pharmaceuticals offers a unique opportunity for long-term, sustained drug release profiles for an array of treatment options. Unfortunately, this approach is often limited by physical compounding or processing limitations. Modification of the active drug into a prodrug compound allows for seamless incorporation with advanced manufacturing methods that open the door to production of complex tissue scaffold drug depots. Here we demonstrate this concept using salicylic acids with varied prodrug structures for control of physical and chemical properties. The role of different salicylic acid derivatives (salicylic acid, bromosalicylic allyl ester, iodosalicylic allyl ester) and linker species (allyl salicylate, allyl 2-(allyloxy)benzoate, allyl 2-(((allyloxy)carbonyl)oxy)benzoate) were investigated using thiol-ene cross-linking in digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing to produce porous prodrug tissue scaffolds containing more than 50% salicylic acid by mass. Salicylic acid photopolymer resins were all found to be highly reactive (solidification within 5 s of irradiation at λ = 405 nm), while the cross-linked solids display tunable thermomechanical behaviors with low glass transition temperatures (Tgs) and elastomeric behaviors, with the carbonate species displaying an elastic modulus matching that of adipose tissue (approximately 65 kPa). Drug release profiles were found to be zero order, sustained release based upon hydrolytic degradation of multilayered scaffolds incorporating fluorescent modeling compounds, with release rates tuned through selection of the linker species. Cytocompatibility in 2D and 3D was further demonstrated for all species compared to polycarbonate controls, as well as salicylic acid-containing composites (physical incorporation), over a 2-week period using murine fibroblasts. The use of drugs as the matrix material for solid prodrug tissue scaffolds opens the door to novel therapeutic strategies, longer sustained release profiles, and even reduced complications for advanced medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia King
- Biomedical Engineering, Russ College of Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - Maria M Pérez-Madrigal
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Campus Diagonal Besòs (EEBE), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019, Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Campus Diagonal Besòs (EEBE), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Erin R Murphy
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
- Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | | | - Andrew P Dove
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Andrew C Weems
- Biomedical Engineering, Russ College of Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
- Mechanical Engineering, Russ College of Engineering, Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
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2
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Longo DL, Carella A, Corrado A, Pirotta E, Mohanta Z, Singh A, Stabinska J, Liu G, McMahon MT. A snapshot of the vast array of diamagnetic CEST MRI contrast agents. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e4715. [PMID: 35187749 PMCID: PMC9724179 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Since the inception of CEST MRI in the 1990s, a number of compounds have been identified as suitable for generating contrast, including paramagnetic lanthanide complexes, hyperpolarized atom cages and, most interesting, diamagnetic compounds. In the past two decades, there has been a major emphasis in this field on the identification and application of diamagnetic compounds that have suitable biosafety profiles for usage in medical applications. Even in the past five years there has been a tremendous growth in their numbers, with more and more emphasis being placed on finding those that can be ultimately used for patient studies on clinical 3 T scanners. At this point, a number of endogenous compounds present in tissue have been identified, and also natural and synthetic organic compounds that can be administered to highlight pathology via CEST imaging. Here we will provide a very extensive snapshot of the types of diamagnetic compound that can generate CEST MRI contrast, together with guidance on their utility on typical preclinical and clinical scanners and a review of the applications that might benefit the most from this new technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Livio Longo
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Turin, Italy
| | - Antonella Carella
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Turin, Italy
| | - Alessia Corrado
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Turin, Italy
| | - Elisa Pirotta
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging (IBB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Turin, Italy
| | - Zinia Mohanta
- F.M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Aruna Singh
- F.M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Julia Stabinska
- F.M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Guanshu Liu
- F.M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael T. McMahon
- F.M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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3
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Synthetic metabolic transducers in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as sensors for aromatic permeant acids and bioreporters of hydrocarbon metabolism. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 220:114897. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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4
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Muhizi S, Cho S, Palanisamy T, Kim IH. Effect of dietary salicylic acid supplementation on performance and
blood metabolites of sows and their litters. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 64:707-716. [PMID: 35969704 PMCID: PMC9353358 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2022.e25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Serge Muhizi
- Department of Animal Resource and Science,
Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Sungbo Cho
- School of Mongolian Medicine, Inner
Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, Inner
Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Thanapal Palanisamy
- Department of Animal Resource and Science,
Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science,
Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Corresponding author: In Ho Kim,
Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116,
Korea. Tel: +82-41-550-3652, E-mail:
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Effectiveness of Personalized Low Salicylate Diet in the Management of Salicylates Hypersensitive Patients: Interventional Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030991. [PMID: 33808619 PMCID: PMC8003553 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Salicylic acid and its derivatives (including acetylsalicylic acid/aspirin) are popular in medicine. They also occur naturally in many food products. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of the personalized low salicylate diet (PLSD) on the reduction of asthma, rhinosinusitis and urticaria symptoms in patients with hypersensitivity to aspirin (ASA) or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). To achieve the research goal, a prospective, nonrandomized, baseline-controlled intervention study was conducted. Thirty patients diagnosed with NSAIDs hypersensitivity, who despite pharmacotherapy had symptoms of hypersensitivity, were included in the study. The PLSD was recommended for all participants for a period of two to four weeks. The intensity of subjectively declared symptoms of asthma, rhinosinusitis and urticaria were measured before and after dietary intervention, using, respectively, the asthma control test (ACT), the sino-nasal outcome test (SNOT-22) and the four-item itch questionnaire (FIIQ). Diet adherence and salicylate intake were measured by a 3-day food record. The severity of symptoms improved significantly after the intervention. The median of the ACT score was 24 scores before and 25 after the dietary intervention (p < 0.002), the median of the SNOT-22 score was 25 before and 13 after a dietary intervention (p < 0.0002) and the median of the FIIQ score was 5 before and 0 after a dietary intervention (p < 0.0002). The intake of salicylates decreased from 0.79 mg/day (before intervention) to 0.15 mg/day (p < 0.001) (during intervention). Although the usefulness of a low salicylate diet in the treatment of salicylate hypersensitivity is controversial, the results of our study indicate that the PLSD may have a positive effect in reducing symptoms of salicylate hypersensitivity and could be an additional tool supporting the therapy of these patients.
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Chien T, Jones DR, Danino T. Engineered Bacterial Production of Volatile Methyl Salicylate. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:204-208. [PMID: 33331760 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The engineering of microbial metabolic pathways over the last two decades has led to numerous examples of cell factories used for the production of small molecules. These molecules have an array of utility in commercial industries and as in situ expressed biomarkers or therapeutics in microbial applications. While most efforts have focused on the production of molecules in the liquid phase, there has been increasing interest in harnessing microbes' inherent ability to generate volatile compounds. Here, we optimized and characterized the production of methyl salicylate, an aromatic compound found mainly in plants, using a common lab strain of E. coli. We utilized genetic components from both microbes and plants to construct the volatile metabolite circuit cassette. In order to maximize production, we explored expression of methyl salicylate precursors, upregulation of expression by increasing ribosomal binding strength and codon optimization of the methyl transferase gene obtained from plant Petunia x hybrida. Last, we validated and quantified the production of methyl salicylate with liquid chromatography or gas chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS or GC-MS) and found that the codon optimized strain with precursor supplementation yielded the highest production compared to the other strains. This work characterizes an optimized metabolite producing genetic circuit and sets the stage for creation of an engineered bacteria diagnostic to be used in volatile assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Chien
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Drew R. Jones
- NYU School of Medicine, Metabolomics Core Resource Laboratory at NYU Langone Health, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Tal Danino
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Data Science Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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7
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Zhang Q, Zhu Z, Ni Y. Interaction between aspirin and vitamin C with human serum albumin as binary and ternary systems. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 236:118356. [PMID: 32325408 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Foods generally contain special ingredients which easily to interact with drugs human intaking, thus affecting drug efficacy and excretion, and even cause adverse reactions. Vitamin C (Vit. C) is abundant in fresh fruits and vegetables. It plays a regulatory role in redox metabolism, and its absence can cause scurvy. Aspirin (ASP) can be used to treat many diseases, is the earliest, common and widely used as antipyretic, analgesic and antirheumatic medicine. Human serum albumin (HSA) is the most abundant protein in vertebrate plasma and has the property of combining and transporting endogenous and exogenous substances. In this paper, the effects of Vit. C on the combination of ASP and HSA were studied by multi-spectra and voltammetric approaches. Fluorescence spectra showed that the quenching mode between Vit. C and HSA is dynamic, and the main binding force is hydrophobic force. The quenching mode between ASP and HSA is static one, and the main binding force is hydrogen bond and van der Waals force. For ternary biological system of (HSA-ASP)-Vit. C, the binding constant decreases compared with HSA-Vit. C system. However, for (HSA-Vit. C)-ASP system, the binding constant does not change when compared with binary system of HSA-ASP. Based on the technology combination of voltammetry, infrared, three-dimensional fluorescence and circular dichroism (CD), it is proved that the existence of ASP will influence the binding process of Vit. C to HSA. It could be concluded that taking Vit. C first doesn't affect the absorption of ASP and may be good for health; in contrast, it is not good to take Vit. C immediately as one have just taken ASP, because the existence of ASP reduce the absorption of Vit. C for human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiulan Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
| | - Zhi Zhu
- School of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yongnian Ni
- School of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
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8
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Kim SW, Goossens A, Libert C, Van Immerseel F, Staal J, Beyaert R. Phytohormones: Multifunctional nutraceuticals against metabolic syndrome and comorbid diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 175:113866. [PMID: 32088261 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is characterized by the co-occurrence of diverse symptoms initiating the development of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and a variety of comorbid diseases. The complex constellation of numerous comorbidities makes it difficult to develop common therapeutic approaches that ameliorate these pathological features simultaneously. The plant hormones abscisic acid, salicylic acid, auxin, and cytokinins, have shown promising anti-inflammatory and pro-metabolic effects that could mitigate several disorders relevant to metabolic syndrome. Intriguingly, besides plants, human cells and gut microbes also endogenously produce these molecules, indicating a role in the complex interplay between inflammatory responses associated with metabolic syndrome, the gut microbiome, and nutrition. Here, we introduce how bioactive phytohormones can be generated endogenously and through the gut microbiome. These molecules subsequently influence immune responses and metabolism. We also elaborate on how phytohormones can beneficially modulate metabolic syndrome comorbidities, and propose them as nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Woo Kim
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alain Goossens
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Claude Libert
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip Van Immerseel
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Jens Staal
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Rudi Beyaert
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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9
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Mussbacher M, Salzmann M, Brostjan C, Hoesel B, Schoergenhofer C, Datler H, Hohensinner P, Basílio J, Petzelbauer P, Assinger A, Schmid JA. Cell Type-Specific Roles of NF-κB Linking Inflammation and Thrombosis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:85. [PMID: 30778349 PMCID: PMC6369217 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor NF-κB is a central mediator of inflammation with multiple links to thrombotic processes. In this review, we focus on the role of NF-κB signaling in cell types within the vasculature and the circulation that are involved in thrombo-inflammatory processes. All these cells express NF-κB, which mediates important functions in cellular interactions, cell survival and differentiation, as well as expression of cytokines, chemokines, and coagulation factors. Even platelets, as anucleated cells, contain NF-κB family members and their corresponding signaling molecules, which are involved in platelet activation, as well as secondary feedback circuits. The response of endothelial cells to inflammation and NF-κB activation is characterized by the induction of adhesion molecules promoting binding and transmigration of leukocytes, while simultaneously increasing their thrombogenic potential. Paracrine signaling from endothelial cells activates NF-κB in vascular smooth muscle cells and causes a phenotypic switch to a “synthetic” state associated with a decrease in contractile proteins. Monocytes react to inflammatory situations with enforced expression of tissue factor and after differentiation to macrophages with altered polarization. Neutrophils respond with an extension of their life span—and upon full activation they can expel their DNA thereby forming so-called neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which exert antibacterial functions, but also induce a strong coagulatory response. This may cause formation of microthrombi that are important for the immobilization of pathogens, a process designated as immunothrombosis. However, deregulation of the complex cellular links between inflammation and thrombosis by unrestrained NET formation or the loss of the endothelial layer due to mechanical rupture or erosion can result in rapid activation and aggregation of platelets and the manifestation of thrombo-inflammatory diseases. Sepsis is an important example of such a disorder caused by a dysregulated host response to infection finally leading to severe coagulopathies. NF-κB is critically involved in these pathophysiological processes as it induces both inflammatory and thrombotic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Mussbacher
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuel Salzmann
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Brostjan
- Department of Surgery, General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bastian Hoesel
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Hannes Datler
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Hohensinner
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - José Basílio
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Petzelbauer
- Skin and Endothelial Research Division, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alice Assinger
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes A Schmid
- Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Robust and sensitive LC/MS-MS method for simultaneous detection of acetylsalicylic acid and salicylic acid in human plasma. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kęszycka PK, Szkop M, Gajewska D. Overall Content of Salicylic Acid and Salicylates in Food Available on the European Market. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:11085-11091. [PMID: 29182277 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to determine the salicylates content in 112 products available on the European market. Quantitative determination of free and conjugated forms of salicylic acid in food was performed using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The salicylates contents ranged from 0 to 1675.79 (μg/100 g). The results of this study confirm the presence of salicylates in food products, as well as a broad content diversity of these compounds depending on the species, variety, and method of processing the food items. The results can be very helpful for nutritionists and dieticians in planning low-salicylates or high-salicylates diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina K Kęszycka
- Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, and ‡Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW , Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Szkop
- Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, and ‡Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW , Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Danuta Gajewska
- Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, and ‡Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW , Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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Lee YH, Choi H, Park S, Lee B, Yi GS. Drug repositioning for enzyme modulator based on human metabolite-likeness. BMC Bioinformatics 2017; 18:226. [PMID: 28617219 PMCID: PMC5471945 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-017-1637-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, the metabolite-likeness of the drug space has emerged and has opened a new possibility for exploring human metabolite-like candidates in drug discovery. However, the applicability of metabolite-likeness in drug discovery has been largely unexplored. Moreover, there are no reports on its applications for the repositioning of drugs to possible enzyme modulators, although enzyme-drug relations could be directly inferred from the similarity relationships between enzyme's metabolites and drugs. METHODS We constructed a drug-metabolite structural similarity matrix, which contains 1,861 FDA-approved drugs and 1,110 human intermediary metabolites scored with the Tanimoto similarity. To verify the metabolite-likeness measure for drug repositioning, we analyzed 17 known antimetabolite drugs that resemble the innate metabolites of their eleven target enzymes as the gold standard positives. Highly scored drugs were selected as possible modulators of enzymes for their corresponding metabolites. Then, we assessed the performance of metabolite-likeness with a receiver operating characteristic analysis and compared it with other drug-target prediction methods. We set the similarity threshold for drug repositioning candidates of new enzyme modulators based on maximization of the Youden's index. We also carried out literature surveys for supporting the drug repositioning results based on the metabolite-likeness. RESULTS In this paper, we applied metabolite-likeness to repurpose FDA-approved drugs to disease-associated enzyme modulators that resemble human innate metabolites. All antimetabolite drugs were mapped with their known 11 target enzymes with statistically significant similarity values to the corresponding metabolites. The comparison with other drug-target prediction methods showed the higher performance of metabolite-likeness for predicting enzyme modulators. After that, the drugs scored higher than similarity score of 0.654 were selected as possible modulators of enzymes for their corresponding metabolites. In addition, we showed that drug repositioning results of 10 enzymes were concordant with the literature evidence. CONCLUSIONS This study introduced a method to predict the repositioning of known drugs to possible modulators of disease associated enzymes using human metabolite-likeness. We demonstrated that this approach works correctly with known antimetabolite drugs and showed that the proposed method has better performance compared to other drug target prediction methods in terms of enzyme modulators prediction. This study as a proof-of-concept showed how to apply metabolite-likeness to drug repositioning as well as potential in further expansion as we acquire more disease associated metabolite-target protein relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Hyeok Lee
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Hojae Choi
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Seongyong Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Boah Lee
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Gwan-Su Yi
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea.
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13
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Dempsey DA, Klessig DF. How does the multifaceted plant hormone salicylic acid combat disease in plants and are similar mechanisms utilized in humans? BMC Biol 2017; 15:23. [PMID: 28335774 PMCID: PMC5364617 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-017-0364-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is an important plant hormone that regulates many aspects of plant growth and development, as well as resistance to (a)biotic stress. Efforts to identify SA effector proteins have revealed that SA binds to and alters the activity of multiple plant proteins—this represents a shift from the paradigm that hormones mediate their functions via one or a few receptors. SA and its derivatives also have multiple targets in animals; some of these proteins, like their plant counterparts, are associated with pathological processes. Together, these findings suggest that SA exerts its defense-associated effects in both kingdoms via a large number of targets.
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14
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Malakar S. Bioactive food chemicals and gastrointestinal symptoms: a focus of salicylates. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 32 Suppl 1:73-77. [PMID: 28244660 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive food chemicals are substances present in food that are capable of interacting with living cells causing changes in physiological functions. Salicylic acid (SA), a plant hormone involved in plant immune response, is one such bioactive food chemical. Aspirin, a commercially available SA, might play beneficial roles in cardiovascular health and colon cancer. It may also cause urticaria, angioedema, asthma, and gastrointestinal symptoms in SA-sensitive individuals. Dietary SA might exert similar beneficial effects and/or may induce similar symptoms in hypersensitive individuals. Food-related SA sensitivity in relation to gastrointestinal symptoms is not well documented besides a few self-reported questionnaires and the knowledge that low doses of aspirin (equivalent of high dietary intake) can cause gastrointestinal injury. The only direct evidence that suggests benefits of reducing dietary SA was reported in asthmatic individuals. Although SA sensitivity in relation to gut symptoms in susceptible individuals is accepted by clinicians, the detection of this disease remains a challenge because of the complicated nature of dietary challenges and the risk of oral aspirin provocation tests in patients with severe hypersensitivity reactions. Given the non-IgE mediated nature of the disease, in vitro assays like basophil activation may have failed to produce reliable results. However, given the simplicity of this assay, further studies need to be formulated to firmly establish its reliability. Formulation of proper dietary strategies for symptom control is also impossible given the controversial and scant nature of the data on SA content of food. This issue needs to be resolved to formulate proper dietary strategies for effective symptom control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreepurna Malakar
- Department of Gastroenterology, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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15
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Creamer KE, Ditmars FS, Basting PJ, Kunka KS, Hamdallah IN, Bush SP, Scott Z, He A, Penix SR, Gonzales AS, Eder EK, Camperchioli DW, Berndt A, Clark MW, Rouhier KA, Slonczewski JL. Benzoate- and Salicylate-Tolerant Strains of Escherichia coli K-12 Lose Antibiotic Resistance during Laboratory Evolution. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:e02736-16. [PMID: 27793830 PMCID: PMC5203621 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02736-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli K-12 W3110 grows in the presence of membrane-permeant organic acids that can depress cytoplasmic pH and accumulate in the cytoplasm. We conducted experimental evolution by daily diluting cultures in increasing concentrations of benzoic acid (up to 20 mM) buffered at external pH 6.5, a pH at which permeant acids concentrate in the cytoplasm. By 2,000 generations, clones isolated from evolving populations showed increasing tolerance to benzoate but were sensitive to chloramphenicol and tetracycline. Sixteen clones grew to stationary phase in 20 mM benzoate, whereas the ancestral strain W3110 peaked and declined. Similar growth occurred in 10 mM salicylate. Benzoate-evolved strains grew like W3110 in the absence of benzoate, in media buffered at pH 4.8, pH 7.0, or pH 9.0, or in 20 mM acetate or sorbate at pH 6.5. Genomes of 16 strains revealed over 100 mutations, including single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), large deletions, and insertion knockouts. Most strains acquired deletions in the benzoate-induced multiple antibiotic resistance (Mar) regulon or in associated regulators such as rob and cpxA, as well as the multidrug resistance (MDR) efflux pumps emrA, emrY, and mdtA Strains also lost or downregulated the Gad acid fitness regulon. In 5 mM benzoate or in 2 mM salicylate (2-hydroxybenzoate), most strains showed increased sensitivity to the antibiotics chloramphenicol and tetracycline; some strains were more sensitive than a marA knockout strain. Thus, our benzoate-evolved strains may reveal additional unknown drug resistance components. Benzoate or salicylate selection pressure may cause general loss of MDR genes and regulators. IMPORTANCE Benzoate is a common food preservative, and salicylate is the primary active metabolite of aspirin. In the gut microbiome, genetic adaptation to salicylate may involve loss or downregulation of inducible multidrug resistance systems. This discovery implies that aspirin therapy may modulate the human gut microbiome to favor salicylate tolerance at the expense of drug resistance. Similar aspirin-associated loss of drug resistance might occur in bacterial pathogens found in arterial plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Karina S Kunka
- Department of Biology, Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Sean P Bush
- Department of Biology, Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio, USA
| | - Zachary Scott
- Department of Biology, Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio, USA
| | - Amanda He
- Department of Biology, Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Adama Berndt
- Department of Biology, Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio, USA
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Lievens L, Pollier J, Goossens A, Beyaert R, Staal J. Abscisic Acid as Pathogen Effector and Immune Regulator. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:587. [PMID: 28469630 PMCID: PMC5395610 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a sesquiterpene signaling molecule produced in all kingdoms of life. To date, the best known functions of ABA are derived from its role as a major phytohormone in plant abiotic stress resistance. Different organisms have developed different biosynthesis and signal transduction pathways related to ABA. Despite this, there are also intriguing common themes where ABA often suppresses host immune responses and is utilized by pathogens as an effector molecule. ABA also seems to play an important role in compatible mutualistic interactions such as mycorrhiza and rhizosphere bacteria with plants, and possibly also the animal gut microbiome. The frequent use of ABA in inter-species communication could be a possible reason for the wide distribution and re-invention of ABA as a signaling molecule in different organisms. In humans and animal models, it has been shown that ABA treatment or nutrient-derived ABA is beneficial in inflammatory diseases like colitis and type 2 diabetes, which confer potential to ABA as an interesting nutraceutical or pharmacognostic drug. The anti-inflammatory activity, cellular metabolic reprogramming, and other beneficial physiological and psychological effects of ABA treatment in humans and animal models has sparked an interest in this molecule and its signaling pathway as a novel pharmacological target. In contrast to plants, however, very little is known about the ABA biosynthesis and signaling in other organisms. Genes, tools and knowledge about ABA from plant sciences and studies of phytopathogenic fungi might benefit biomedical studies on the physiological role of endogenously generated ABA in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurens Lievens
- Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIBGhent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Jacob Pollier
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIBGhent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Alain Goossens
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIBGhent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Rudi Beyaert
- Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIBGhent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Jens Staal
- Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIBGhent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Jens Staal
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Lawrence JR, Baxter GJ, Paterson JR. Aspirin for cancer is no mere antiplatelet prototype. There is potential in its ancient roots. Med Hypotheses 2016; 94:74-6. [PMID: 27515206 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aspirin (ASA), increasingly accepted as predominantly a cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 inhibitor, is a prodrug for salicylic acid (SA) which has no such activity. SA is widespread in nature, vital in plants, and present in drug free serum from animals and man. Evolutionary conserved SA receptors are found in human tissues. Very low doses of ASA will, on repeat dosing, produce near maximal platelet COX-1 inhibition. Evidence for cancer prophylaxis is based on ASA doses of at least 75mg/day. Pleiotropic mechanisms underlie low dose ASA's undoubted efficacy in preventive medicine but the key barrier to its more widespread use is gastrointestinal toxicity. ASA/SA combination formulations may improve the current risk/benefit ratio of chemo-prophylactic preparations. There is well established methodology for, and should be few regulatory barriers to, their evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Lawrence
- From the Research and Development Support Unit, Dumfries and Galloway Royal Infirmary, Bankend Road, Dumfries DG1 4AP, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - Gwendoline J Baxter
- From the Research and Development Support Unit, Dumfries and Galloway Royal Infirmary, Bankend Road, Dumfries DG1 4AP, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - John R Paterson
- From the Research and Development Support Unit, Dumfries and Galloway Royal Infirmary, Bankend Road, Dumfries DG1 4AP, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Kristensen DM, Mazaud-Guittot S, Gaudriault P, Lesné L, Serrano T, Main KM, Jégou B. Analgesic use - prevalence, biomonitoring and endocrine and reproductive effects. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2016; 12:381-93. [PMID: 27150289 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2016.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Paracetamol and NSAIDs, in particular acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) and ibuprofen, are among the most used and environmentally released pharmaceutical drugs. The differences in international trends in the sale and consumption of mild analgesics reflect differences in marketing, governmental policies, habits, accessibility, disease patterns and the age distribution of each population. Biomonitoring indicates ubiquitous and high human exposure to paracetamol and to salicylic acid, which is the main metabolite of acetylsalicylic acid. Furthermore, evidence suggests that analgesics can have endocrine disruptive properties capable of altering animal and human reproductive function from fetal life to adulthood in both sexes. Medical and public awareness about these health concerns should be increased, particularly among pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Kristensen
- Genomic and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Séverine Mazaud-Guittot
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset-Inserm UMR 1085), 9 Avenue Léon Bernard, F-35042 RENNES, France
| | - Pierre Gaudriault
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset-Inserm UMR 1085), 9 Avenue Léon Bernard, F-35042 RENNES, France
| | - Laurianne Lesné
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset-Inserm UMR 1085), 9 Avenue Léon Bernard, F-35042 RENNES, France
| | - Tania Serrano
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset-Inserm UMR 1085), 9 Avenue Léon Bernard, F-35042 RENNES, France
- Ecole des hautes études en santé publique (EHESP), Avenue Léon Bernard, F-35043 RENNES, France
| | - Katharina M Main
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, University of Copenhagen, Section GR5064, Blegdamsvej 9, Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bernard Jégou
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset-Inserm UMR 1085), 9 Avenue Léon Bernard, F-35042 RENNES, France
- Ecole des hautes études en santé publique (EHESP), Avenue Léon Bernard, F-35043 RENNES, France
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Nácher-Mestre J, Ibáñez M, Serrano R, Boix C, Bijlsma L, Lunestad BT, Hannisdal R, Alm M, Hernández F, Berntssen MHG. Investigation of pharmaceuticals in processed animal by-products by liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 154:231-239. [PMID: 27058915 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.03.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
There is an on-going trend for developing more sustainable salmon feed in which traditionally applied marine feed ingredients are replaced with alternatives. Processed animal products (PAPs) have been re-authorized as novel high quality protein ingredients in 2013. These PAPs may harbor undesirable substances such as pharmaceuticals and metabolites which are not previously associated with salmon farming, but might cause a potential risk for feed and food safety. To control these contaminants, an analytical strategy based on a generic extraction followed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) using quadrupole time-of-flight mass analyzer (QTOF MS) was applied for wide scope screening. Quality control samples, consisting of PAP commodities spiked at 0.02, 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg with 150 analytes, were injected in every sample batch to verify the overall method performance. The methodology was applied to 19 commercially available PAP samples from six different types of matrices from the EU animal rendering industry. This strategy allows assessing possible emergent risk exposition of the salmon farming industry to 1005 undesirables, including pharmaceuticals, several dyes and relevant metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Nácher-Mestre
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), Avda. Sos Baynat, s/n, University Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain; Institute of Aquaculture of Torre la Sal (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - María Ibáñez
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), Avda. Sos Baynat, s/n, University Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Roque Serrano
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), Avda. Sos Baynat, s/n, University Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Clara Boix
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), Avda. Sos Baynat, s/n, University Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Lubertus Bijlsma
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), Avda. Sos Baynat, s/n, University Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Bjørn Tore Lunestad
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, PO Box 2029, Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Rita Hannisdal
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, PO Box 2029, Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Martin Alm
- European Fat Processors and Renderers Association (EFPRA), Boulevard Baudouin 18, 4th Floor, BE - 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Félix Hernández
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), Avda. Sos Baynat, s/n, University Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Marc H G Berntssen
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, PO Box 2029, Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway.
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Klessig DF, Tian M, Choi HW. Multiple Targets of Salicylic Acid and Its Derivatives in Plants and Animals. Front Immunol 2016; 7:206. [PMID: 27303403 PMCID: PMC4880560 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is a critical plant hormone that is involved in many processes, including seed germination, root initiation, stomatal closure, floral induction, thermogenesis, and response to abiotic and biotic stresses. Its central role in plant immunity, although extensively studied, is still only partially understood. Classical biochemical approaches and, more recently, genome-wide high-throughput screens have identified more than two dozen plant SA-binding proteins (SABPs), as well as multiple candidates that have yet to be characterized. Some of these proteins bind SA with high affinity, while the affinity of others exhibit is low. Given that SA levels vary greatly even within a particular plant species depending on subcellular location, tissue type, developmental stage, and with respect to both time and location after an environmental stimulus such as infection, the presence of SABPs exhibiting a wide range of affinities for SA may provide great flexibility and multiple mechanisms through which SA can act. SA and its derivatives, both natural and synthetic, also have multiple targets in animals/humans. Interestingly, many of these proteins, like their plant counterparts, are associated with immunity or disease development. Two recently identified SABPs, high mobility group box protein and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, are critical proteins that not only serve key structural or metabolic functions but also play prominent roles in disease responses in both kingdoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miaoying Tian
- Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, HI , USA
| | - Hyong Woo Choi
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University , Ithaca, NY , USA
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Lesniak WG, Oskolkov N, Song X, Lal B, Yang X, Pomper M, Laterra J, Nimmagadda S, McMahon MT. Salicylic Acid Conjugated Dendrimers Are a Tunable, High Performance CEST MRI NanoPlatform. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:2248-53. [PMID: 26910126 PMCID: PMC4890470 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) is a novel MRI contrast mechanism that is well suited for imaging, however, existing small molecule CEST agents suffer from low sensitivity. We have developed salicylic acid conjugated dendrimers as a versatile, high performance nanoplatform. In particular, we have prepared nanocarriers based on generation 5-poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers with salicylic acid covalently attached to their surface. The resulting conjugates produce strong CEST contrast 9.4 ppm from water with the proton exchange tunable from ∼1000 s(-1) to ∼4500 s(-1) making these dendrimers well suited for sensitive detection. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these conjugates can be used for monitoring convection enhanced delivery into U87 glioblastoma bearing mice, with the contrast produced by these nanoparticles persisting for over 1.5 h and distributed over ∼50% of the tumors. Our results demonstrate that SA modified dendrimers present a promising new nanoplatform for medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech G. Lesniak
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Nikita Oskolkov
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Xiaolei Song
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Bachchu Lal
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Xing Yang
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Martin Pomper
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - John Laterra
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Sridhar Nimmagadda
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Michael T. McMahon
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
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Marchlewicz A, Guzik U, Wojcieszyńska D. Over-the-Counter Monocyclic Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Environment-Sources, Risks, Biodegradation. WATER, AIR, AND SOIL POLLUTION 2015; 226:355. [PMID: 26478634 PMCID: PMC4600096 DOI: 10.1007/s11270-015-2622-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the increased use of monocyclic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs has resulted in their presence in the environment. This may have potential negative effects on living organisms. The biotransformation mechanisms of monocyclic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the human body and in other mammals occur by hydroxylation and conjugation with glycine or glucuronic acid. Biotransformation/biodegradation of monocyclic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the environment may be caused by fungal or bacterial microorganisms. Salicylic acid derivatives are degraded by catechol or gentisate as intermediates which are cleaved by dioxygenases. The key intermediate of the paracetamol degradation pathways is hydroquinone. Sometimes, after hydrolysis of this drug, 4-aminophenol is formed, which is a dead-end metabolite. Ibuprofen is metabolized by hydroxylation or activation with CoA, resulting in the formation of isobutylocatechol. The aim of this work is to attempt to summarize the knowledge about environmental risk connected with the presence of over-the-counter anti-inflammatory drugs, their sources and the biotransformation and/or biodegradation pathways of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Marchlewicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Urszula Guzik
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Danuta Wojcieszyńska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
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Zhang Q, Zhao B, Song Y, Hua C, Gou X, Chen B, Zhao J. Synthesis and Biological Activity ofN-Aroyl (Aryloxyacetyl)-N′-ferrocenyl Thiourea Derivatives. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.21266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University; Xi'an 710069 People's Republic of China
| | - Bihong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University; Xi'an 710069 People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Song
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University; Xi'an 710069 People's Republic of China
| | - Chengwen Hua
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University; Xi'an 710069 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Gou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University; Xi'an 710069 People's Republic of China
| | - Bang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University; Xi'an 710069 People's Republic of China
| | - Junlong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University; Xi'an 710069 People's Republic of China
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Malakar S, Bhattacharya S. Minding the greens: Role of dietary salicylates in common behavioural health conditions. ACTA ALIMENTARIA 2014. [DOI: 10.1556/aalim.2014.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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25
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Kästner J, von Knorre D, Himanshu H, Erb M, Baldwin IT, Meldau S. Salicylic acid, a plant defense hormone, is specifically secreted by a molluscan herbivore. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86500. [PMID: 24466122 PMCID: PMC3899270 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Slugs and snails are important herbivores in many ecosystems. They differ from other herbivores by their characteristic mucus trail. As the mucus is secreted at the interface between the plants and the herbivores, its chemical composition may play an essential role in plant responses to slug and snail attack. Based on our current knowledge about host-manipulation strategies employed by pathogens and insects, we hypothesized that mollusks may excrete phytohormone-like substances into their mucus. We therefore screened locomotion mucus from thirteen molluscan herbivores for the presence of the plant defense hormones jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA). We found that the locomotion mucus of one slug, Deroceras reticulatum, contained significant amounts of SA, a plant hormone that is known to induce resistance to pathogens and to suppress plant immunity against herbivores. None of the other slugs and snails contained SA or any other hormone in their locomotion mucus. When the mucus of D. reticulatum was applied to wounded leaves of A. thaliana, the promotor of the SA-responsive gene pathogenesis related 1 (PR1) was activated, demonstrating the potential of the mucus to regulate plant defenses. We discuss the potential ecological, agricultural and medical implications of this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kästner
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Himanshu Himanshu
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Erb
- Root-Herbivore Interactions Group, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Ian T. Baldwin
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Meldau
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Refat MS, Sharshar T, Elsabawy KM, Heiba ZK. Physicochemical impact studies of gamma rays on “aspirin” analgesics drug and its metal complexes in solid form: Synthesis, spectroscopic and biological assessment of Ca(II), Mg(II), Sr(II) and Ba(II) aspirinate complexes. J Mol Struct 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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27
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Yang X, Song X, Li Y, Liu G, Banerjee SR, Pomper MG, McMahon MT. Salicylic acid and analogues as diaCEST MRI contrast agents with highly shifted exchangeable proton frequencies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:8116-9. [PMID: 23794432 PMCID: PMC3819166 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201302764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Yang
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 991 N. Broadway Baltimore, Maryland 21287 (USA)
| | - Xiaolei Song
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 991 N. Broadway Baltimore, Maryland 21287 (USA)
| | - Yuguo Li
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 991 N. Broadway Baltimore, Maryland 21287 (USA)
| | - Guanshu Liu
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 991 N. Broadway Baltimore, Maryland 21287 (USA); F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 707 N. Broadway Ave., Baltimore, Maryland 21287 (USA)
| | - Sangeeta Ray Banerjee
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 991 N. Broadway Baltimore, Maryland 21287 (USA)
| | - Martin G. Pomper
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 991 N. Broadway Baltimore, Maryland 21287 (USA)
| | - Michael T. McMahon
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 991 N. Broadway Baltimore, Maryland 21287 (USA); F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 707 N. Broadway Ave., Baltimore, Maryland 21287 (USA)
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Yang X, Song X, Li Y, Liu G, Ray Banerjee S, Pomper MG, McMahon MT. Salicylic Acid and Analogues as diaCEST MRI Contrast Agents with Highly Shifted Exchangeable Proton Frequencies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201302764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Vijaya Bharathi D, Hotha KK, Kolagatla PRR, Venkateswarlu V. Low dose aspirin estimation: an application to a human pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2012; 27:589-98. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Vijaya Bharathi
- Bioanalytical Department, Integrated Product Development; Dr Reddy's Laboratories Ltd, Bachupalli; Hyderabad-500 072; India
| | - Kishore Kumar Hotha
- Bioanalytical Department, Integrated Product Development; Dr Reddy's Laboratories Ltd, Bachupalli; Hyderabad-500 072; India
| | - Pandu Ranga Reddy Kolagatla
- Bioanalytical Department, Integrated Product Development; Dr Reddy's Laboratories Ltd, Bachupalli; Hyderabad-500 072; India
| | - V. Venkateswarlu
- Bioanalytical Department, Integrated Product Development; Dr Reddy's Laboratories Ltd, Bachupalli; Hyderabad-500 072; India
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Shindo T, Kanazawa Y, Saito Y, Kojima K, Ohsawa M, Teshima R. Effective induction of oral anaphylaxis to ovalbumin in mice sensitized by feeding of the antigen with aid of oil emulsion and salicylate. J Toxicol Sci 2012; 37:307-15. [PMID: 22467021 DOI: 10.2131/jts.37.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
It is important to evaluate the ability of novel proteins in food crops and products to elicit potentially harmful immunologic responses, including allergic hypersensitivity. We developed a novel mouse model of food allergy involving an oral challenge of a protein antigen after feeding of the antigen in combination with modulating factors often ingested in daily life, namely, dietary oil emulsion and salicylate. In the model, BALB/c mice were sensitized orally for three weeks with ovalbumin (OVA) in linoleic acid/lecithin emulsion, followed immediately by intraperitoneal injection of sodium salicylate. At the end of the sensitization, the incidence of mice positive for serum OVA-specific IgG1 but not IgE had significantly increased in the combined-sensitization group. After the 3-week sensitization, a single or double oral challenge with OVA effectively and significantly caused severe anaphylaxis, as compared with the groups sensitized with OVA in the emulsion or the vehicle alone. Moderate increase of plasma histamine and intestinal abnormality in histology was found only in the combined-sensitization group. Anaphylaxis symptoms in the sensitized mice were induced more by oral challenge than by intravenous challenge, suggesting a critical role for the mucosal system. This is the first model for successful induction of oral anaphylaxis in mice sensitized by feeding of food protein without adjuvant. It will be useful to elucidate the mechanism of food allergy and to detect modulating factors of oral allergy at sensitization using this model, which simulates real life conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Shindo
- Hatano Research Institute, Food and Drug Safety Center, Kanagawa, Japan.
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31
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Zauber H, Mosler S, Heßberg AV, Schulze WX. Dynamics of salivary proteins and metabolites during extreme endurance sports - a case study. Proteomics 2012; 12:2221-35. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Zauber
- Max Planck Institut für molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie; Golm Germany
| | - Stephan Mosler
- Max Planck Institut für molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie; Golm Germany
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33
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Storozhok NM, Medyanik NP, Krysin AP, Pozdnyakov IP, Krekov SA. Interrelation between the chemical structure and antioxidant properties of N-substituted amides of salicylic acid. KINETICS AND CATALYSIS 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s0023158412020115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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34
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Salicylic acid induces apoptosis in colon carcinoma cells grown in-vitro: Influence of oxygen and salicylic acid concentration. Exp Cell Res 2012; 318:828-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Revised: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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35
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Rinelli S, Spadafranca A, Fiorillo G, Cocucci M, Bertoli S, Battezzati A. Circulating salicylic acid and metabolic and inflammatory responses after fruit ingestion. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 67:100-104. [PMID: 22392497 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-012-0282-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We hypothesized that fruit ingestion provides measurable amounts of salicylic acid (SA) and produces different metabolic and inflammatory responses compared to mere fruit sugars. In a randomized-crossover study, 26 healthy subjects received a peach shake meal (PSM) (SA: 0,06 ± 0,001 mg/100 g) and a mixed sugar meal (MSM), consisting in an aqueous solution with the same sugars found in the peach shake. In order to control for the SA contribution from meals in the previous day, 16 subjects (Group 1) abstained from fruits and vegetables consumption the evening before trials, and 10 subjects (Group 2) maintained their usual diet. Circulating SA, glucose, insulin, free fatty acids, and interleukin-6 were determined. Basal SA was lower in Group 1 than in Group 2 (0.09 ± 0.02 vs. 0.30 ± 0.03 μmol/l, p < 0.001), peaked at 90 min in both groups (0.18 ± 0.01 vs. 0.38 ± 0.02 μmol/l, p < 0.01) and remained above baseline (p < 0.05) up to 3 h. Glycemia increased less after PSM at 15 min (p < 0.01) with a lower average glucose excursion (p < 0.05). Insulin peaked at 45 min with both meals but decreased less rapidly with PSM. Free fatty acids decreased more (p < 0.01), and interleukin-6 increased less (p < 0.05) with PSM. Dietary fruit intake increases the concentration of SA in vivo, and provides non-nutrients capable to modulate the inflammatory and metabolic responses to carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Rinelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Alimentari e Microbiologiche, International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria, 2, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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36
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Shaukat A, Grau MV, Church TR, Baxter G, Barry EL, Summers R, Sandler RS, Baron JA. Serum salicylate levels and risk of recurrent colorectal adenomas. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011; 20:679-82. [PMID: 21307305 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-10-1135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intake of aspirin is associated with reduction in risk of colorectal adenoma and carcinoma. Some plants contain salicylates, and individuals not taking aspirin may have measurable salicylate levels. However, the association between serum salicylate level and recurrence of adenoma in nonusers of aspirin has not been studied. METHODS We measured serum salicylate levels in participants in a randomized controlled trial with calcium supplementation for the prevention of colorectal adenomas. Generalized linear models were used to assess the association between serum levels and adenoma risk during the follow-up period of the trial. RESULTS We did not find an association with recurrence of adenomas or advanced adenomas with serum salicylate levels at year 1 among nonusers of aspirin. There was no effect modification of the chemopreventive effect of calcium supplementation in reducing risk of recurrent adenomas or advanced adenomas. CONCLUSIONS Among nonusers of ASA, serum salicylate levels are not associated with risk of recurrence of adenomas. IMPACT Serum salicylate levels can be detected in individuals not taking aspirin, but the levels may be too low to confer protection from risk of recurrent adenomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aasma Shaukat
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA.
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37
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Cable ML, Levine DJ, Kirby JP, Gray HB, Ponce A. Luminescent lanthanide sensors. ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385904-4.00010-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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38
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Ni Y, Zhu R, Kokot S. Competitive binding of small molecules with biopolymers: a fluorescence spectroscopy and chemometrics study of the interaction of aspirin and ibuprofen with BSA. Analyst 2011; 136:4794-801. [DOI: 10.1039/c1an15550d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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Esplin TL, Cable ML, Gray HB, Ponce A. Terbium-Macrocycle Complexes as Chemical Sensors: Detection of an Aspirin Metabolite in Urine Using a Salicylurate-Specific Receptor Site. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:4643-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ic1003066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taran L. Esplin
- Planetary Science Section, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109
| | - Morgan L. Cable
- Planetary Science Section, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109
- Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Harry B. Gray
- Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
| | - Adrian Ponce
- Planetary Science Section, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109
- Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
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40
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Morgan G, Johnsen J. Might salicylate exert benefits against childhood cancer? Ecancermedicalscience 2010; 4:156. [PMID: 22276025 PMCID: PMC3234022 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2010.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood cancers are a broad range of diseases. Research on the chemopreventive potential of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as aspirin (acetylsalicylate) has yet to be fully directed towards childhood cancers. A prima facie hypothesis on salicylate and childhood cancer would therefore be based on several factors. Firstly, salicylate inhibits the production of inflammatory prostaglandins, which have been shown to stimulate the growth of cancer cells. Secondly, salicylate inhibits the growth of cancer cells in pre-clinical models. Thirdly, salicylate is a natural component of fruits and vegetables so it is consumed within the diet. Further research, of which some possibilities are identified, is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Morgan
- Fellow of the Royal Institute for Public Health, National Health Service for Wales, Wales, UK
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