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Zuo M, Chen H, Liao Y, He P, Xu T, Tang J, Zhang N. Sulforaphane and bladder cancer: a potential novel antitumor compound. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1254236. [PMID: 37781700 PMCID: PMC10540234 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1254236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is a common form of urinary tract tumor, and its incidence is increasing annually. Unfortunately, an increasing number of newly diagnosed BC patients are found to have advanced or metastatic BC. Although current treatment options for BC are diverse and standardized, it is still challenging to achieve ideal curative results. However, Sulforaphane, an isothiocyanate present in cruciferous plants, has emerged as a promising anticancer agent that has shown significant efficacy against various cancers, including bladder cancer. Recent studies have demonstrated that Sulforaphane not only induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in BC cells, but also inhibits the growth, invasion, and metastasis of BC cells. Additionally, it can inhibit BC gluconeogenesis and demonstrate definite effects when combined with chemotherapeutic drugs/carcinogens. Sulforaphane has also been found to exert anticancer activity and inhibit bladder cancer stem cells by mediating multiple pathways in BC, including phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1)/beta-catenin (β-Catenin), miR-124/cytokines interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R)/transcription 3 (STAT3). This article provides a comprehensive review of the current evidence and molecular mechanisms of Sulforaphane against BC. Furthermore, we explore the effects of Sulforaphane on potential risk factors for BC, such as bladder outlet obstruction, and investigate the possible targets of Sulforaphane against BC using network pharmacological analysis. This review is expected to provide a new theoretical basis for future research and the development of new drugs to treat BC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Neng Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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2
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Kwa FAA, Bui BV, Thompson BR, Ayton LN. Preclinical investigations on broccoli-derived sulforaphane for the treatment of ophthalmic disease. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103718. [PMID: 37467881 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Vision loss causes a significant burden on individuals and communities on a financial, emotional and social level. Common causes include age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), glaucoma and retinitis pigmentosa (RP; also known as 'rod-cone dystrophy'). As the population continues to grow and age globally, an increasing number of people will experience vision loss. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop therapies that can curb early pathological events. The broccoli-derived compound, sulforaphane (SFN), is reported to have multiple health benefits and modes of action. In this review, we outline the preclinical findings on SFN in ocular diseases and discuss the future clinical testing of this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith A A Kwa
- Department of Health Sciences and Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia.
| | - Bang V Bui
- Department of Optometry & Vision Sciences, Faculty Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Bruce R Thompson
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Lauren N Ayton
- Department of Optometry & Vision Sciences, Faculty Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology), Faculty Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
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3
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van Steenwijk HP, Winter E, Knaven E, Brouwers JF, van Baardwijk M, van Dalum JB, Luijendijk TJC, van Osch FHM, Troost FJ, Bast A, Semen KO, de Boer A. The beneficial effect of sulforaphane on platelet responsiveness during caloric load: a single-intake, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial in healthy participants. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1204561. [PMID: 37485383 PMCID: PMC10359317 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1204561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims As our understanding of platelet activation in response to infections and/or inflammatory conditions is growing, it is becoming clearer that safe, yet efficacious, platelet-targeted phytochemicals could improve public health beyond the field of cardiovascular diseases. The phytonutrient sulforaphane shows promise for clinical use due to its effect on inflammatory pathways, favorable pharmacokinetic profile, and high bioavailability. The potential of sulforaphane to improve platelet functionality in impaired metabolic processes has however hardly been studied in humans. This study investigated the effects of broccoli sprout consumption, as a source of sulforaphane, on urinary 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 (TXB2), a stable thromboxane metabolite used to monitor eicosanoid biosynthesis and response to antithrombotic therapy, in healthy participants exposed to caloric overload. Methods In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial 12 healthy participants were administered 16g of broccoli sprouts, or pea sprouts (placebo) followed by the standardized high-caloric drink PhenFlex given to challenge healthy homeostasis. Urine samples were collected during the study visits and analyzed for 11-dehydro-TXB2, sulforaphane and its metabolites. Genotyping was performed using Illumina GSA v3.0 DTCBooster. Results Administration of broccoli sprouts before the caloric load reduced urinary 11-dehydro-TXB2 levels by 50% (p = 0.018). The amount of sulforaphane excreted in the urine during the study visits correlated negatively with 11-dehydro-TXB2 (rs = -0.377, p = 0.025). Participants carrying the polymorphic variant NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1 (NQO1*2) showed decreased excretion of sulforaphane (p = 0.035). Conclusion Sulforaphane was shown to be effective in targeting platelet responsiveness after a single intake. Our results indicate an inverse causal relationship between sulforaphane and 11-dehydro-TXB2, which is unaffected by the concomitant intake of the metabolic challenge. 11-Dehydro-TXB2 shows promise as a non-invasive, sensitive, and suitable biomarker to investigate the effects of phytonutrients on platelet aggregation within hours. Clinical trial registration [https://clinicaltrials.gov/], identifier [NCT05146804].
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidde P. van Steenwijk
- Food Claims Centre Venlo, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Evi Winter
- Food Claims Centre Venlo, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Edward Knaven
- Research Group Analysis Techniques in the Life Sciences, Avans University of Applied Sciences, Breda, Netherlands
| | - Jos F. Brouwers
- Research Group Analysis Techniques in the Life Sciences, Avans University of Applied Sciences, Breda, Netherlands
| | - Myrthe van Baardwijk
- Omnigen B.V., Delft, Netherlands
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Frits H. M. van Osch
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, VieCuri Medical Center, Venlo, Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, NUTRIM, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Freddy J. Troost
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Food Innovation and Health, Centre for Healthy Eating and Food Innovation, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Aalt Bast
- University College Venlo, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Khrystyna O. Semen
- University College Venlo, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Alie de Boer
- Food Claims Centre Venlo, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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4
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Sulforaphane and Its Bifunctional Analogs: Synthesis and Biological Activity. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27051750. [PMID: 35268851 PMCID: PMC8911885 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, various plants have been studied as sources of biologically active compounds. Compounds with anticancer and antimicrobial properties are the most frequently desired. Cruciferous plants, including Brussels sprouts, broccoli, and wasabi, have a special role in the research studies. Studies have shown that consumption of these plants reduce the risk of lung, breast, and prostate cancers. The high chemopreventive and anticancer potential of cruciferous plants results from the presence of a large amount of glucosinolates, which, under the influence of myrosinase, undergo an enzymatic transformation to biologically active isothiocyanates (ITCs). Natural isothiocyanates, such as benzyl isothiocyanate, phenethyl isothiocyanate, or the best-tested sulforaphane, possess anticancer activity at all stages of the carcinogenesis process, show antibacterial activity, and are used in organic synthesis. Methods of synthesis of sulforaphane, as well as its natural or synthetic bifunctional analogues with sulfinyl, sulfanyl, sulfonyl, phosphonate, phosphinate, phosphine oxide, carbonyl, ester, carboxamide, ether, or additional isothiocyanate functional groups, and with the unbranched alkyl chain containing 2-6 carbon atoms, are discussed in this review. The biological activity of these compounds are also reported. In the first section, glucosinolates, isothiocyanates, and mercapturic acids (their metabolites) are briefly characterized. Additionally, the most studied anticancer and antibacterial mechanisms of ITC actions are discussed.
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Zhang G, Kang Y, Cathey D, LeBlanc AJ, Cai J, Cai L, Wang S, Huang J, Keller BB. Sulforaphane Does Not Protect Right Ventricular Systolic and Diastolic Functions in Nrf2 Knockout Pulmonary Artery Hypertension Mice. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2022; 36:425-436. [PMID: 35157168 PMCID: PMC9091145 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-022-07323-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nrf2 is a nuclear transcription factor and plays an important role in the regulation of oxidative stress and inflammation. We recently demonstrated that sulforaphane (SFN) protected mice from developing pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and right ventricular (RV) dysfunction by elevating cardiac Nrf2 expression and function. Here we further investigate Nrf2 dependence for SFN-mediated prevention of PAH and RV dysfunction in an Nrf2 knockout mouse model. METHODS We used male global Nrf2-knockout mice and male C57/6 J wild type mice in the following groups: Control group received room air and vehicle control; SuHx group received SU5416 and 10% hypoxia for 4 weeks to induce PAH; SuHx+SFN group received both SuHx and sulforaphane, a Nrf2 activator, for 4 weeks. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed to quantify RV function and estimate pulmonary vascular resistance over 4 weeks. PAH was confirmed using invasive RV systolic pressure measurement at 4 weeks. RESULTS All Nrf2 knockout mice survived the 4-week SuHx induction of PAH. SuHx caused progressive RV diastolic/systolic dysfunction and increased RV systolic pressure. The development of RV diastolic dysfunction occurred earlier in the Nrf2 knockout PAH mice when compared with the wide type PAH mice. SFN partially or completely reversed SuHx-induced RV diastolic/systolic dysfunction and increased RV systolic pressure in wild-type mice, but not in Nrf2 knockout mice. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrated the essential role of Nrf2 in SFN-mediated prevention of RV dysfunction and PAH, and increasing Nrf2 activity in patients with PAH may have therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Louisville, 530 South Jackson Street, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Yin Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Louisville, 530 South Jackson Street, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Dakotah Cathey
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Louisville, 530 South Jackson Street, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Amanda J LeBlanc
- Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jun Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiapeng Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Louisville, 530 South Jackson Street, Louisville, KY, USA. .,Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA. .,Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
| | - Bradley B Keller
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Kosair Charities Pediatric Heart Research Program, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.,Cincinnati Children's Heart Institute, Greater Louisville and Western Kentucky Practice, Louisville, KY, USA
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Janczewski Ł, Kręgiel D, Kolesińska B. Synthesis of Isothiocyanates Using DMT/NMM/TsO - as a New Desulfurization Reagent. Molecules 2021; 26:2740. [PMID: 34066597 PMCID: PMC8125326 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thirty-three alkyl and aryl isothiocyanates, as well as isothiocyanate derivatives from esters of coded amino acids and from esters of unnatural amino acids (6-aminocaproic, 4-(aminomethyl)benzoic, and tranexamic acids), were synthesized with satisfactory or very good yields (25-97%). Synthesis was performed in a "one-pot", two-step procedure, in the presence of organic base (Et3N, DBU or NMM), and carbon disulfide via dithiocarbamates, with 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium toluene-4-sulfonate (DMT/NMM/TsO-) as a desulfurization reagent. For the synthesis of aliphatic and aromatic isothiocyanates, reactions were carried out in a microwave reactor, and selected alkyl isothiocyanates were also synthesized in aqueous medium with high yields (72-96%). Isothiocyanate derivatives of L- and D-amino acid methyl esters were synthesized, under conditions without microwave radiation assistance, with low racemization (er 99 > 1), and their absolute configuration was confirmed by circular dichroism. Isothiocyanate derivatives of natural and unnatural amino acids were evaluated for antibacterial activity on E. coli and S. aureus bacterial strains, where the most active was ITC 9e.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Janczewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Dorota Kręgiel
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Beata Kolesińska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
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7
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Kim J. Pre-Clinical Neuroprotective Evidences and Plausible Mechanisms of Sulforaphane in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062929. [PMID: 33805772 PMCID: PMC7999245 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane, a potent dietary bioactive agent obtainable from cruciferous vegetables, has been extensively studied for its effects in disease prevention and therapy. Sulforaphane potently induces transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated expression of detoxification, anti-oxidation, and immune system-modulating enzymes, and possibly acts as an anti-carcinogenic agent. Several clinical trials are in progress to study the effect of diverse types of cruciferous vegetables and sulforaphane on prostate cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, atopic asthmatics, skin aging, dermatitis, obesity, etc. Recently, the protective effects of sulforaphane on brain health were also considerably studied, where the studies have further extended to several neurological diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, autism spectrum disorder, and schizophrenia. Animal and cell studies that employ sulforaphane against memory impairment and AD-related pre-clinical biomarkers on amyloid-β, tau, inflammation, oxidative stress, and neurodegeneration are summarized, and plausible neuroprotective mechanisms of sulforaphane to help prevent AD are discussed. The increase in pre-clinical evidences consistently suggests that sulforaphane has a multi-faceted neuroprotective effect on AD pathophysiology. The anti-AD-like evidence of sulforaphane seen in cells and animals indicates the need to pursue sulforaphane research for relevant biomarkers in AD pre-symptomatic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Kim
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Cedrowski J, Dąbrowa K, Przybylski P, Krogul-Sobczak A, Litwinienko G. Antioxidant activity of two edible isothiocyanates: Sulforaphane and erucin is due to their thermal decomposition to sulfenic acids and methylsulfinyl radicals. Food Chem 2021; 353:129213. [PMID: 33774519 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sulforaphane(SFN) and erucin(ERN) are isothiocyanates (ITCs) bearing, respectively, methylsulfinyl and methylsulfanyl groups. Their chemopreventive and anticancer activity is attributed to ability to modulate cellular redox status due to induction of Phase 2 cytoprotective enzymes (indirect antioxidant action) but many attempts to connect the bioactivity of ITCs with their radical trapping activity failed. Both ITCs are evolved from their glucosinolates during food processing of Cruciferous vegetables, therefore, we studied antioxidant behaviour of SFN/ERN at elevated temperature in two lipid systems. Neither ERN nor SFN inhibit the oxidation of bulk linolenic acid (below 100 °C) but both ITCs increase oxidative stability of soy lecithin (above 150 °C). On the basis of GC-MS analysis we verified our preliminary hypothesis (Antioxidants2020, 9, 1090) about participation of sulfenic acids and methylsulfinyl radicals as radical trapping agents responsible for the antioxidant effect of edible ITCs during thermal oxidation of lipids at elevated temperatures (above 140 °C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Cedrowski
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Chemistry, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kajetan Dąbrowa
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Przybylski
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Chemistry, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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Vaghefinezhad N, Farsani SF, Gharaghani S. In Silico Drug-designing Studies on Sulforaphane Analogues: Pharmacophore Mapping, Molecular Docking and QSAR Modeling. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2021; 18:139-157. [PMID: 31721705 DOI: 10.2174/1570163816666191112122047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS In the presented work we successfully discovered several novel NQO1 inducers using the computational approaches. BACKGROUND The phytochemical sulforaphane (SFN) is a potent inducer of carcinogen detoxication enzymes like NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) through the Kelch-like erythroid cellderived protein with CNC homology[ECH]-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-[NF-E2]-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway. OBJECTIVE In this paper, we report the first QSAR and pharmacophore modeling study of sulforaphane analogues as NQO1 inducers. The pharmacophore model and understanding the relationships between the structures and activities of the known inducers will give useful information on the structural basis for NQO1 enzymatic activity and lead optimization for future rational design of new sulforaphane analogues as potent NQO1 inducers. METHODS In this study, a combination of QSAR modeling, pharmacophore generation, virtual screening and molecular docking was performed on a series of sulforaphane analogues as NQO1 inducers. RESULTS In deriving the QSAR model, the stepwise multiple linear regression established a reliable model with the training set (N: 43, R: 0.971, RMSE: 0.216) and test set (N: 14, R: 0.870, RMSE: 0.324, Q2: 0.80) molecules. The best ligand-based pharmacophore model comprised two hydrophobic (HY), one ring aromatic (RA) and three hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) sites. The model was validated by a testing set and the decoys set, Güner-Henry (GH) scoring methods, etc. The enrichment of model was assessed by the sensitivity (0.92) and specificity (0.95). Moreover, the values of enrichment factor (EF) and the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) were 12 and 0.94, respectively. This well-validated model was applied to screen two Asinex libraries for the novel NQO1 inducers. The hits were subsequently subjected to molecular docking after being filtering by Lipinski's, MDDR-like, and Veber rules as well as evaluating their interaction with three major drugmetabolizing P450 enzymes, CYP2C9, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4. Ultimately, 12 hits filtered by molecular docking were subjected to validated QSAR model for calculating their inducer potencies and were introduced as potential NQO1 inducers for further investing action. CONCLUSION Conclusively, the validated QSAR model was applied on the hits to calculate their inducer potencies and these 12 hits were introduced as potential NQO1 inducers for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Vaghefinezhad
- Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Tehran Shargh Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sajjad Gharaghani
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Drug Design, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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10
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A Lesson Learnt from Food Chemistry-Elevated Temperature Triggers the Antioxidant Action of Two Edible Isothiocyanates: Erucin and Sulforaphane. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111090. [PMID: 33171969 PMCID: PMC7694611 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this communication we demonstrate that two natural isothiocyanates, sulforaphane (SFN) and erucin (ERN), inhibit autoxidation of lipids at 140 °C but not below 100 °C. This effect is due to thermal decomposition of ERN and SFN to sulfenic acids and methylsulfinyl radicals, species able to trap lipidperoxyl radicals. Our observations shed new light on thermal processing of vegetables containing these two isothiocyanates.
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11
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Wei J, Liang S, Jiang L, Yi W. Synthesis of Thiocarbamoyl Fluorides and Isothiocyanates Using Amines with CF 3SO 2Cl. J Org Chem 2020; 85:12374-12381. [PMID: 32866002 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A practical and efficient method to synthesize thiocarbamyl fluorides and isothiocyanates from amines with trifluoromethanesulfonyl chloride was developed. In the presence of the reducing agent triphenylphosphine and sodium iodide, thiocarbamyl fluorides and isothiocyanates were synthesized from secondary/primary amine in moderate to excellent yields, respectively. A broad scope of substrates and good functional group compatibility were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wei
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Shuaishuai Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Lvqi Jiang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Wenbin Yi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
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12
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Georgikou C, Buglioni L, Bremerich M, Roubicek N, Yin L, Gross W, Sticht C, Bolm C, Herr I. Novel Broccoli Sulforaphane-Based Analogues Inhibit the Progression of Pancreatic Cancer without Side Effects. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050769. [PMID: 32429039 PMCID: PMC7277136 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The naturally occurring isothiocyanate sulforaphane, found in Brassicaceae vegetables, is promising in cancer treatment, e.g., by the normalization of enhanced levels of NF-κB-signaling in tumor stem cells. We chemically synthesized seven sulforaphane analogues by substitution of the sulfinyl group (S(O)) to either sulfimidoyl (S(NR)) or sulfonimidoyl (S (O) (NR)) groups, and characterized them in the cell lines of pancreatic cancer and several other tumor entities, including the NCI-60 cell panel. MTT and colony forming assays, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, microRNA arrays, bioinformatics, tumor xenotransplantation, and Kaplan Meier survival curves were performed. Compared to sulforaphane, the analogue SF102 was most efficient in inhibition of viability, colony formation, tumor growth, and the induction of apoptosis, followed by SF134. Side effects were not observed, as concluded from the body weight and liver histology of chick embryos and survival of C. elegans nematodes. Among 6659 differentially regulated microRNAs, miR29b-1-5p, and miR-27b-5p were downregulated by sulforaphane compared to controls, but upregulated by SF102 and SF134 compared to sulforaphane, suggesting differential signaling. Each substance was involved in the regulation of several NF-κB-related target genes. In conclusion, sulforaphane analogues are promising for the development of highly active new drugs in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Georgikou
- Section Surgical Research, Molecular OncoSurgery, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.G.); (L.Y.); (W.G.)
| | - Laura Buglioni
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany; (L.B.); (M.B.); (N.R.)
| | - Maximilian Bremerich
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany; (L.B.); (M.B.); (N.R.)
| | - Nico Roubicek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany; (L.B.); (M.B.); (N.R.)
| | - Libo Yin
- Section Surgical Research, Molecular OncoSurgery, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.G.); (L.Y.); (W.G.)
| | - Wolfgang Gross
- Section Surgical Research, Molecular OncoSurgery, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.G.); (L.Y.); (W.G.)
| | - Carsten Sticht
- Medical Research Center, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 69117 Mannheim, Germany;
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany; (L.B.); (M.B.); (N.R.)
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (I.H.); Tel.: +49-241-809-4675 (C.B.); +49-6221-56-6401 (I.H.); Fax: +49-241-809-2391 (C.B.); +49-6221-56-6402 (I.H.)
| | - Ingrid Herr
- Section Surgical Research, Molecular OncoSurgery, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.G.); (L.Y.); (W.G.)
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (I.H.); Tel.: +49-241-809-4675 (C.B.); +49-6221-56-6401 (I.H.); Fax: +49-241-809-2391 (C.B.); +49-6221-56-6402 (I.H.)
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Sulforaphene Suppresses Adipocyte Differentiation via Induction of Post-Translational Degradation of CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein Beta (C/EBPβ). Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030758. [PMID: 32183002 PMCID: PMC7146557 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipocyte differentiation (adipogenesis) is a crucial process that determines the total number and size of mature adipocytes that will develop. In this study, the anti-adipogenic effect of sulforaphene (SFEN), a dietary isothiocyanate (ITC) derived from radish, is investigated both in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes and in human adipose tissue-derived stem cells. The results revealed that SFEN significantly inhibit adipogenic cocktail-induced adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation at the early stage of adipogenesis. Additionally, the effects are more potent compared to those of other ITCs derived from various cruciferous vegetables. As a related molecular mechanism of action, SFEN promotes the post-translational degradation of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) β by decreasing the stability of C/EBPβ, which is responsible for decreasing the expression of master regulatory proteins such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and C/EBPα. Collectively, these results suggest that the intake of SFEN-enriched natural materials could be helpful as a strategy for preventing obesity.
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Sulforaphane as an anticancer molecule: mechanisms of action, synergistic effects, enhancement of drug safety, and delivery systems. Arch Pharm Res 2020; 43:371-384. [PMID: 32152852 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01225-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sulforaphane is an isothiocyanate compound that has been derived from cruciferous vegetables. It was shown in numerous studies to be active against multiple cancer types including pancreatic, prostate, breast, lung, cervical, and colorectal cancers. Sulforaphane exerts its therapeutics action by a variety of mechanisms, such as by detoxifying carcinogens and oxidants through blockage of phase I metabolic enzymes, and by arresting cell cycle in the G2/M and G1 phase to inhibit cell proliferation. The most striking observation was the ability of sulforaphane to potentiate the activity of several classes of anticancer agents including paclitaxel, docetaxel, and gemcitabine through additive and synergistic effects. Although a good number of reviews have reported on the mechanisms by which sulforaphane exerts its anticancer activity, a comprehensive review on the synergistic effect of sulforaphane and its delivery strategies is lacking. Therefore, the aim of the current review was to provide a summary of the studies that have been reported on the activity enhancement effect of sulforaphane in combination with other anticancer therapies. Also provided is a summary of the strategies that have been developed for the delivery of sulforaphane.
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15
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Transcriptional activation of antioxidant gene expression by Nrf2 protects against mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal death associated with acute and chronic neurodegeneration. Exp Neurol 2020; 328:113247. [PMID: 32061629 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are both a primary source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a sensitive target of oxidative stress; damage to mitochondria can result in bioenergetic dysfunction and both necrotic and apoptotic cell death. These relationships between mitochondria and cell death are particularly strong in both acute and chronic neurodegenerative disorders. ROS levels are affected by both the production of superoxide and its toxic metabolites and by antioxidant defense mechanisms. Mitochondrial antioxidant activities include superoxide dismutase 2, glutathione peroxidase and reductase, and intramitochondrial glutathione. When intracellular conditions disrupt the homeostatic balance between ROS production and detoxification, a net increase in ROS and an oxidized shift in cellular redox state ensues. Cells respond to this imbalance by increasing the expression of genes that code for proteins that protect against oxidative stress and inhibit cytotoxic oxidation of proteins, DNA, and lipids. If, however, the genomic response to mitochondrial oxidative stress is insufficient to maintain homeostasis, mitochondrial bioenergetic dysfunction and release of pro-apoptotic mitochondrial proteins into the cytosol initiate a variety of cell death pathways, ultimately resulting in potentially lethal damage to vital organs, including the brain. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a translational activating protein that enters the nucleus in response to oxidative stress, resulting in increased expression of numerous cytoprotective genes, including genes coding for mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial antioxidant proteins. Many experimental and some FDA-approved drugs promote this process. Since mitochondria are targets of ROS, it follows that protection against mitochondrial oxidative stress by the Nrf2 pathway of gene expression contributes to neuroprotection by these drugs. This document reviews the evidence that Nrf2 activation increases mitochondrial antioxidants, thereby protecting mitochondria from dysfunction and protecting neural cells from damage and death. New experimental results are provided demonstrating that post-ischemic administration of the Nrf2 activator sulforaphane protects against hippocampal neuronal death and neurologic injury in a clinically-relevant animal model of cardiac arrest and resuscitation.
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Yagishita Y, Fahey JW, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Kensler TW. Broccoli or Sulforaphane: Is It the Source or Dose That Matters? Molecules 2019; 24:E3593. [PMID: 31590459 PMCID: PMC6804255 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is robust epidemiological evidence for the beneficial effects of broccoli consumption on health, many of them clearly mediated by the isothiocyanate sulforaphane. Present in the plant as its precursor, glucoraphanin, sulforaphane is formed through the actions of myrosinase, a β-thioglucosidase present in either the plant tissue or the mammalian microbiome. Since first isolated from broccoli and demonstrated to have cancer chemoprotective properties in rats in the early 1990s, over 3000 publications have described its efficacy in rodent disease models, underlying mechanisms of action or, to date, over 50 clinical trials examining pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and disease mitigation. This review evaluates the current state of knowledge regarding the relationships between formulation (e.g., plants, sprouts, beverages, supplements), bioavailability and efficacy, and the doses of glucoraphanin and/or sulforaphane that have been used in pre-clinical and clinical studies. We pay special attention to the challenges for better integration of animal model and clinical studies, particularly with regard to selection of dose and route of administration. More effort is required to elucidate underlying mechanisms of action and to develop and validate biomarkers of pharmacodynamic action in humans. A sobering lesson is that changes in approach will be required to implement a public health paradigm for dispensing benefit across all spectrums of the global population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Yagishita
- Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Jed W Fahey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
- Cullman Chemoprotection Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
- Cullman Chemoprotection Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland DD1 9SY, UK.
| | - Thomas W Kensler
- Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
- Cullman Chemoprotection Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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17
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Zhen L, Fan H, Wang X, Jiang L. Synthesis of Thiocarbamoyl Fluorides and Isothiocyanates Using CF 3SiMe 3 and Elemental Sulfur or AgSCF 3 and KBr with Amines. Org Lett 2019; 21:2106-2110. [PMID: 30855147 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Reactions of thiocarbonyl fluoride derived from cheap, readily available, and widely used CF3SiMe3, elemental sulfur, and KF with secondary amines and primary amines at room temperature in THF provided a wide variety of thiocarbamoyl fluorides and isothiocyanates in moderate to excellent yields, respectively. The two reactions show broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance. Moreover, AgSCF3 reacts with secondary/primary amines under KBr at room temperature, affording quantitative thiocarbamoyl fluorides/isothiocyanates, which feature late-stage application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhen
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China Normal University , 500 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200241 , China
| | - Hui Fan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China Normal University , 500 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200241 , China
| | - Xiaoji Wang
- School of life Science , Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University , Nanchang , 330013 , China
| | - Liqin Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China Normal University , 500 Dongchuan Road , Shanghai 200241 , China
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18
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Janczewski Ł, Burchacka E, Psurski M, Ciekot J, Gajda A, Gajda T. New diaryl ω-(isothiocyanato)alkylphosphonates and their mercapturic acids as potential antibacterial agents. Life Sci 2019; 219:264-271. [PMID: 30658100 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Thirty-four novel, diaryl ω-(isothiocyanato)alkylphosphonates with chlorine atom and methoxy, dimethoxy, methylsulfanyl, or methoxycarbonyl groups at ortho, meta, or para positions of the phenyl ring, and with an unbranched alkyl chain (n = 2-6) were designed and synthesized in a one-pot reaction in 11-76% yields. All isothiocyanates thus generated were evaluated for the first time for antibacterial activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus bacterial strains, and had satisfactory antibacterial activity in most cases. The highest activity, similar to that of reference gentamicin activity against S. aureus, was seen in compounds 9 and 13 (1.5 ± 0.1 and 2.5 ± 0.2 μM, respectively), whereas for P. aeruginosa more than half of tested compounds proved to be more effective than gentamicin. Additionally, selected isothiocyanates (9, 13, 18, and 23) were transformed in 52-73% yields into mercapturic acids 42-45, which also exhibited satisfactory antibacterial effect against S. aureus strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Janczewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, 116 Żeromskiego St., 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Ewa Burchacka
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Psurski
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Rudolfa Weigla St., 53-144 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jarosław Ciekot
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Rudolfa Weigla St., 53-144 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Gajda
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, 116 Żeromskiego St., 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Gajda
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, 116 Żeromskiego St., 90-924 Łódź, Poland
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19
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Feng W, Zhang XG. Organophosphine-free copper-catalyzed isothiocyanation of amines with sodium bromodifluoroacetate and sulfur. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:1144-1147. [PMID: 30632549 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09190k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A copper-catalyzed isothiocyanation of amines with sodium bromodifluoroacetate and sulfur in the absence of organophosphine has been established. This approach represents a simple and efficient one-pot synthesis of isothiocyanates, and features excellent functional group tolerance and the use of a cheap, safe and odorless sulfur source. Moreover, this process could directly provide isothiocyanate analogous bioactive molecules, thiocarbonyl-containing pesticides and facile construction of benzoxazole and benzimidazole frames.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Feng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Xing-Guo Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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20
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Houghton CA. Sulforaphane: Its "Coming of Age" as a Clinically Relevant Nutraceutical in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2716870. [PMID: 31737167 PMCID: PMC6815645 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2716870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A growing awareness of the mechanisms by which phytochemicals can influence upstream endogenous cellular defence processes has led to intensified research into their potential relevance in the prevention and treatment of disease. Pharmaceutical medicine has historically looked to plants as sources of the starting materials for drug development; however, the focus of nutraceutical medicine is to retain the plant bioactive in as close to its native state as possible. As a consequence, the potency of a nutraceutical concentrate or an extract may be lower than required for significant gene expression. The molecular structure of bioactive phytochemicals to a large extent determines the molecule's bioavailability. Polyphenols are abundant in dietary phytochemicals, and extensive in vitro research has established many of the signalling mechanisms involved in favourably modulating human biochemical pathways. Such pathways are associated with core processes such as redox modulation and immune modulation for infection control and for downregulating the synthesis of inflammatory cytokines. Although the relationship between oxidative stress and chronic disease continues to be affirmed, direct-acting antioxidants such as vitamins A, C, and E, beta-carotene, and others have not yielded the expected preventive or therapeutic responses, even though several large meta-analyses have sought to evaluate the potential benefit of such supplements. Because polyphenols exhibit poor bioavailability, few of their impressive in vitro findings have been replicated in vivo. SFN, an aliphatic isothiocyanate, emerges as a phytochemical with comparatively high bioavailability. A number of clinical trials have demonstrated its ability to produce favourable outcomes in conditions for which there are few satisfactory pharmaceutical solutions, foreshadowing the potential for SFN as a clinically relevant nutraceutical. Although myrosinase-inert broccoli sprout extracts are widely available, there now exist myrosinase-active broccoli sprout supplements that yield sufficient SFN to match the doses used in clinical trials.
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21
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Akiyoshi S, Kikuchi H, Kuribayashi F, Madhyastha H, Minami H. Sulforaphane displays the growth inhibition, cytotoxicity and enhancement of retinoic acid-induced superoxide-generating activity in human monoblastic U937 cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.2131/fts.6.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumiko Akiyoshi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Shokei University Junior College
- Department of Food Health Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto
| | - Hidehiko Kikuchi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Shokei University Junior College
| | | | | | - Hisanori Minami
- Department of Food Health Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto
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22
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Boehm J, Davis R, Murar CE, Li T, McCleland B, Dong S, Yan H, Kerns J, Moody CJ, Wilson AJ, Graves AP, Mentzer M, Qi H, Yonchuk J, Kou JP, Foley J, Sanchez Y, Podolin PL, Bolognese B, Booth-Genthe C, Galop M, Wolfe L, Carr R, Callahan JF. Discovery of a crystalline sulforaphane analog with good solid-state stability and engagement of the Nrf2 pathway in vitro and in vivo. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 27:579-588. [PMID: 30626555 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The antioxidant natural product sulforaphane (SFN) is an oil with poor aqueous and thermal stability. Recent work with SFN has sought to optimize methods of formulation for oral and topical administration. Herein we report the design of new analogs of SFN with the goal of improving stability and drug-like properties. Lead compounds were selected based on potency in a cellular screen and physicochemical properties. Among these, 12 had good aqueous solubility, permeability and long-term solid-state stability at 23 °C. Compound 12 also displayed comparable or better efficacy in cellular assays relative to SFN and had in vivo activity in a mouse cigarette smoke challenge model of acute oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Boehm
- Respiratory Stress and Repair DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, PA 19426, USA.
| | - Roderick Davis
- Respiratory Stress and Repair DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, PA 19426, USA
| | - Claudia E Murar
- Respiratory Stress and Repair DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, PA 19426, USA
| | - Tindy Li
- Respiratory Stress and Repair DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, PA 19426, USA
| | - Brent McCleland
- Respiratory Stress and Repair DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, PA 19426, USA
| | - Shuping Dong
- Respiratory Stress and Repair DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, PA 19426, USA
| | - Hongxing Yan
- Respiratory Stress and Repair DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, PA 19426, USA
| | - Jeffrey Kerns
- Respiratory Stress and Repair DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, PA 19426, USA
| | | | - Anthony J Wilson
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Alan P Graves
- Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, PA 19426, USA
| | - Mary Mentzer
- Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, PA 19426, USA
| | - Hongwei Qi
- Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, PA 19426, USA
| | - John Yonchuk
- Respiratory Stress and Repair DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, PA 19426, USA
| | - Jen-Pyng Kou
- Respiratory Stress and Repair DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, PA 19426, USA
| | - Joseph Foley
- Respiratory Stress and Repair DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, PA 19426, USA
| | - Yolanda Sanchez
- Respiratory Stress and Repair DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, PA 19426, USA
| | - Patricia L Podolin
- Respiratory Stress and Repair DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, PA 19426, USA
| | - Brian Bolognese
- Respiratory Stress and Repair DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, PA 19426, USA
| | | | - Marc Galop
- Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, PA 19426, USA
| | - Lawrence Wolfe
- Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, PA 19426, USA
| | - Robin Carr
- Respiratory Stress and Repair DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, PA 19426, USA
| | - James F Callahan
- Respiratory Stress and Repair DPU, GlaxoSmithKline, Upper Providence, PA 19426, USA
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23
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Palliyaguru DL, Yuan JM, Kensler TW, Fahey JW. Isothiocyanates: Translating the Power of Plants to People. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1700965. [PMID: 29468815 PMCID: PMC6226005 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Isothiocyanates from cruciferous vegetables have been studied extensively in cells and in animals for their disease preventive and therapeutic effects. However, translating their utility to human populations has been both limited and challenging. Herein, clinical trials employing two isothiocyanates, sulforaphane (SFN; 1-isothiocyanato-4-(methylsulfinyl) butane) and phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC; 2-isothiocyanatoethylbenzene) that are isolated principally from broccoli and watercress, respectively, are summarized and discussed. Both of these compounds have been used in small human clinical trials, either within food matrices or as single agents, against a variety of diseases ranging from cancer to autism. Results suggest an opportunity to incorporate them, or more likely preparations derived from their source plants, into larger human disease mitigation efforts. The context for the applications of these compounds and plants in evidence-based food and nutritional policy is also evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dushani L Palliyaguru
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Thomas W Kensler
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jed W Fahey
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, International Health and Cullman Chemoprotection Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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24
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Lan A, Li W, Liu Y, Xiong Z, Zhang X, Zhou S, Palko O, Chen H, Kapita M, Prigge JR, Schmidt EE, Chen X, Sun Z, Chen XL. Chemoprevention of oxidative stress-associated oral carcinogenesis by sulforaphane depends on NRF2 and the isothiocyanate moiety. Oncotarget 2018; 7:53502-53514. [PMID: 27447968 PMCID: PMC5288201 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is known to play an important role in oral cancer development. In this study we aimed to examine whether a chemical activator of NRF2, sulforaphane (SFN), may have chemopreventive effects on oxidative stress-associated oral carcinogenesis. We first showed that Nrf2 activation and oxidative damage were commonly seen in human samples of oral leukoplakia. With gene microarray and immunostaining, we found 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO) in drink activated the Nrf2 pathway and produced oxidative damage in mouse tongue. Meanwhile whole exome sequencing of mouse tongue identified mutations consistent with 4NQO's mutagenic profile. Using cultured human oral keratinocytes and 4NQO-treated mouse tongue, we found that SFN pre-treatment activated the NRF2 pathway and inhibited oxidative damage both in vitro and in vivo. On the contrary, a structural analogue of SFN without the isothiocyanate moiety did not have such effects. In a long-term chemoprevention study using wild-type and Nrf2-/- mice, we showed that topical application of SFN activated the NRF2 pathway, inhibited oxidative damage, and prevented 4NQO-induced oral carcinogenesis in an Nrf2-dependent manner. Our data clearly demonstrate that SFN has chemopreventive effects on oxidative stress-associated oral carcinogenesis, and such effects depend on Nrf2 and the isothiocyanate moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aixian Lan
- Department of Oral Medicine, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Oral Medicine, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Oral Medicine, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhaohui Xiong
- Cancer Research Program, JLC-BBRI, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Xinyan Zhang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical & Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Olesya Palko
- Cancer Research Program, JLC-BBRI, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Cancer Research Program, JLC-BBRI, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Mayanga Kapita
- Cancer Research Program, JLC-BBRI, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Justin R Prigge
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Edward E Schmidt
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical & Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Zheng Sun
- Department of Oral Medicine, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaoxin Luke Chen
- Cancer Research Program, JLC-BBRI, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
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Janczewski Ł, Psurski M, Świtalska M, Gajda A, Goszczyński TM, Oleksyszyn J, Wietrzyk J, Gajda T. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of ω-(Isothiocyanato)alkylphosphinates and Phosphine Oxides as Antiproliferative Agents. ChemMedChem 2017; 13:105-115. [PMID: 29171934 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of 21 novel, structurally diverse ω-(isothiocyanato)alkylphosphinates and phosphine oxides (ITCs) were designed and synthesized in moderate to good yields. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for in vitro antiproliferative activity using LoVo and LoVo/DX cancer cell lines. The biological activity of the synthesized compounds was higher than that of natural isothiocyanates such as benzyl isothiocyanate or sulforaphane. The antiproliferative activity of selected ITCs was also tested on selected cancer cell lines: A549, MESSA and MESSA/DX-5, HL60 and HL60MX2, BALB/3T3, and 4T1. These compounds were assessed for their mechanism of action as inducers of cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Ethyl (6-isothiocyanatohexyl)(phenyl)phosphinate (71) was tested in vivo on the 4T1 cell line and demonstrated moderate antitumor activity, similar to that benzyl isothiocyanate and cyclophosphamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Janczewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924, Łódź, Poland
| | - Mateusz Psurski
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marta Świtalska
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Gajda
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924, Łódź, Poland
| | - Tomasz M Goszczyński
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Józef Oleksyszyn
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Wietrzyk
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Gajda
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924, Łódź, Poland
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Scattolin T, Klein A, Schoenebeck F. Synthesis of Isothiocyanates and Unsymmetrical Thioureas with the Bench-Stable Solid Reagent (Me 4N)SCF 3. Org Lett 2017; 19:1831-1833. [PMID: 28357864 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient, selective, and rapid transformation of primary amines and diamines to isothiocyanates and cyclic thioureas is disclosed. As opposed to established approaches that employ toxic or volatile electrophilic liquids and require reaction control (i.e., slow addition, cooling), this protocol utilizes the bench-stable, solid reagent (Me4N)SCF3 at room temperature. The method is characterized by operational simplicity, high speed, efficiency, high functional group tolerance, and late-stage applicability. The byproducts are solids, allowing isolation of the target compounds by filtration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Scattolin
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Klein
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University , Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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27
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Psurski M, Janczewski Ł, Świtalska M, Gajda A, Goszczyński TM, Oleksyszyn J, Wietrzyk J, Gajda T. Novel phosphonate analogs of sulforaphane: Synthesis, in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 132:63-80. [PMID: 28342398 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A library of over forty, novel, structurally diverse phosphonate analogs of sulforaphane (P-ITCs) were designed, synthesized and fully characterized. All compounds were evaluated for antiproliferative activity in vitro on Lovo and LoVo/DX colon cancer cell lines. All compounds exhibited high antiproliferative activity, comparable or higher to the activity of naturally occurring benzyl isothiocyanate and sulforaphane. Assessment of the mechanisms of action of selected compounds revealed their potential as inducers of G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Further antiproliferative studies for selected compounds with the use of a set of selected cell lines derived from colon, lung, mammary gland and uterus as well as normal murine fibroblasts were performed. In vivo studies of the analyzed phosphonate analogs of sulforaphane showed lower activity in comparison with those of benzyl isothiocyanate. Our studies demonstrated that newly synthesized P-ITCs can be used for as a starting point for the synthesis of novel isothiocyanates with higher anticancer activity in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Psurski
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Rudolf Weigl St., 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Łukasz Janczewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, 116 Stefan Żeromski St., 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Marta Świtalska
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Rudolf Weigl St., 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Gajda
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, 116 Stefan Żeromski St., 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Tomasz M Goszczyński
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Rudolf Weigl St., 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Józef Oleksyszyn
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, 27 Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego St., 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Wietrzyk
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Rudolf Weigl St., 53-114 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Tadeusz Gajda
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, 116 Stefan Żeromski St., 90-924 Łódź, Poland.
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Pinapati S, Mandapati U, Rudraraju RR. Iron-Mediated Desulphurization Towards the Synthesis of 2-Halo Aromatic Isothiocyanates. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201601602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasarao Pinapati
- Department of Chemistry; Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna nagar; Guntur, Andhra Pradesh India- 522510
| | - Usharani Mandapati
- Department of Chemistry; Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna nagar; Guntur, Andhra Pradesh India- 522510
| | - Ramesh Raju Rudraraju
- Department of Chemistry; Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna nagar; Guntur, Andhra Pradesh India- 522510
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29
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Klingaman CA, Wagner MJ, Brown JR, Klecker JB, Pauley EH, Noldner CJ, Mays JR. HPLC-based kinetics assay facilitates analysis of systems with multiple reaction products and thermal enzyme denaturation. Anal Biochem 2016; 516:37-47. [PMID: 27742213 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Glucosinolates are plant secondary metabolites abundant in Brassica vegetables that are substrates for the enzyme myrosinase, a thioglucoside hydrolase. Enzyme-mediated hydrolysis of glucosinolates forms several organic products, including isothiocyanates (ITCs) that have been explored for their beneficial effects in humans. Myrosinase has been shown to be tolerant of non-natural glucosinolates, such as 2,2-diphenylethyl glucosinolate, and can facilitate their conversion to non-natural ITCs, some of which are leads for drug development. An HPLC-based method capable of analyzing this transformation for non-natural systems has been described. This current study describes (1) the Michaelis-Menten characterization of 2,2-diphenyethyl glucosinolate and (2) a parallel evaluation of this analogue and the natural analogue glucotropaeolin to evaluate effects of pH and temperature on rates of hydrolysis and product(s) formed. Methods described in this study provide the ability to simultaneously and independently analyze the kinetics of multiple reaction components. An unintended outcome of this work was the development of a modified Lambert W(x) which includes a parameter to account for the thermal denaturation of enzyme. The results of this study demonstrate that the action of Sinapis alba myrosinase on natural and non-natural glucosinolates is consistent under the explored range of experimental conditions and in relation to previous accounts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase A Klingaman
- Augustana University, Department of Chemistry, 2001 S. Summit Ave., Sioux Falls, SD 57197, USA
| | - Matthew J Wagner
- Augustana University, Department of Chemistry, 2001 S. Summit Ave., Sioux Falls, SD 57197, USA
| | - Justin R Brown
- Augustana University, Department of Chemistry, 2001 S. Summit Ave., Sioux Falls, SD 57197, USA
| | - John B Klecker
- Augustana University, Department of Chemistry, 2001 S. Summit Ave., Sioux Falls, SD 57197, USA
| | - Ethan H Pauley
- Augustana University, Department of Chemistry, 2001 S. Summit Ave., Sioux Falls, SD 57197, USA
| | - Colin J Noldner
- Augustana University, Department of Chemistry, 2001 S. Summit Ave., Sioux Falls, SD 57197, USA
| | - Jared R Mays
- Augustana University, Department of Chemistry, 2001 S. Summit Ave., Sioux Falls, SD 57197, USA.
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Cognition Enhancing Activity of Sulforaphane Against Scopolamine Induced Cognitive Impairment in Zebra Fish (Danio rerio). Neurochem Res 2016; 41:2538-2548. [PMID: 27255600 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-1965-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Several epidemiological studies have shown that consumption of large quantities of vegetables especially cruciferous vegetables (Broccoli and Brussels sprouts) can protect against chronic diseases. Sulforaphane, an isothiocynate found in cruciferous vegetables has been demonstrated to have neuroprotective effects in several experimental paradigms. This study was undertaken to examine the effect of sulforaphane on cognitive impairment in zebra fish model using a novel method of fear conditioning. Initially, the normal behaviour of zebra fishes was studied in light-dark tank for 10 min daily for 10 days. Fishes were then divided into seven groups of twelve in each. Group I served as normal, group II served as fear conditioned control, group III and group IV were sulforaphane (25 µM/L) and piracetam (200 mg/L) treated respectively. Group V served as scopolamine (400 µM/L) induced memory impairment fishes. Group VI and VII were sulforaphane (25 µM/L) and piracetam (200 mg/L) treated scopolamine induced memory impairment groups respectively. In normal behavioural analysis, fishes preferred to stay in dark compartment. The average number of entries into the dark and time spent in dark were significantly more. Fishes in group II to VII were individually subjected to fear conditioning passive avoidance task and evaluated for learned task memory. It was observed that the average number of entries into dark and time spent in dark were significantly decreased. After exposure to respective treatment fishes in group III to VII were subjected to cognitive evaluation. There was no significant difference in cognition of group III and IV fishes exposed to sulforaphane and piracetam alone respectively. Fishes exposed to scopolamine showed a significant cognitive impairment. Sulforaphane exposure prior to scopolamine significantly retained the memory of learned task. These findings suggest that sulforaphane might be a promising therapeutic agent for cognitive enhancement in Alzheimer's disease.
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31
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Furuya AKM, Sharifi HJ, Jellinger RM, Cristofano P, Shi B, de Noronha CMC. Sulforaphane Inhibits HIV Infection of Macrophages through Nrf2. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005581. [PMID: 27093399 PMCID: PMC4836681 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Marburg virus, the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and Dengue virus all activate, and benefit from, expression of the transcription regulator nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). The impact of Nrf2 activation on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has not been tested. Sulforaphane (SFN), produced in cruciferous vegetables after mechanical damage, mobilizes Nrf2 to potently reprogram cellular gene expression. Here we show for the first time that SFN blocks HIV infection in primary macrophages but not in primary T cells. Similarly SFN blocks infection in PMA-differentiated promonocytic cell lines, but not in other cell lines tested. siRNA-mediated depletion of Nrf2 boosted HIV infectivity in primary macrophages and reduced the anti-viral effects of SFN treatment. This supports a model in which anti-viral activity is mediated through Nrf2 after it is mobilized by SFN. We further found that, like the type I interferon-induced cellular anti-viral proteins SAMHD1 and MX2, SFN treatment blocks infection after entry, but before formation of 2-LTR circles. Interestingly however, neither SAMHD1 nor MX2 were upregulated. This shows for the first time that Nrf2 action can potently block HIV infection and highlights a novel way to trigger this inhibition. Nrf2 turns on anti-oxidant genes in response to pharmaceuticals like oltipratz, environmental agents like heavy metals and cigarette smoke, endogenous agents like nitrous oxide and nitro-fatty acids and even plant products like sulforaphane (SFN) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). An increasing body of work is showing that some viruses activate and benefit from Nrf2. In this work we tested the impact of Nrf2 on HIV. We used SFN, abundant in cruciferous vegetables and often used as a dietary supplement, to activate Nrf2. Here we show, for the first time, that in immune cells isolated from donor blood, SFN halts HIV infection in macrophages, but not in T cells. We further show that upon SFN treatment the virus is blocked after it has transcribed its RNA-encoded genome into DNA, but before this genetic material is inserted into host chromosomes. Importantly this block is indeed dependent on Nrf2. Interestingly, Nrf2 does not activate recognized anti-viral genes. Thus, unlike viruses recently found to benefit from Nrf2 activation, HIV can be blocked by its activation. This highlights the opportunity to activate a heretofore unrecognized anti-viral function by triggering an antioxidant response with a common dietary component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Kinga Marias Furuya
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Hamayun J. Sharifi
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Robert M. Jellinger
- Division of HIV Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Paul Cristofano
- Albany Medical College, Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Binshan Shi
- Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Carlos M. C. de Noronha
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Synthesis and Structure–Activity Relations in Allylsulfide and Isothiocyanate Compounds From Garlic and Broccoli Against In Vitro Cancer Cell Growth. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63749-9.00001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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33
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Grzywa R, Winiarski Ł, Psurski M, Rudnicka A, Wietrzyk J, Gajda T, Oleksyszyn J. Synthesis and biological activity of diisothiocyanate-derived mercapturic acids. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:667-671. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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34
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Liu KC, Shih TY, Kuo CL, Ma YS, Yang JL, Wu PP, Huang YP, Lai KC, Chung JG. Sulforaphane Induces Cell Death Through G2/M Phase Arrest and Triggers Apoptosis in HCT 116 Human Colon Cancer Cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2016; 44:1289-1310. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x16500725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate, exists exclusively in cruciferous vegetables, and has been shown to possess potent antitumor and chemopreventive activity. However, there is no available information that shows SFN affecting human colon cancer HCT 116 cells. In the present study, we found that SFN induced cell morphological changes, which were photographed by contrast-phase microscopy, and decreased viability. SFN also induced G2/M phase arrest and cell apoptosis in HCT 116 cells, which were measured with flow cytometric assays. Western blotting indicated that SFN increased Cyclin A, cdk 2, Cyclin B and WEE1, but decreased Cdc 25C, cdk1 protein expressions that led to G2/M phase arrest. Apoptotic cell death was also confirmed by Annexin V/PI and DAPI staining and DNA gel electrophoresis in HCT 116 cells after exposure to SFN. The flow cytometric assay also showed that SFN induced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca[Formula: see text] and decreased mitochondria membrane potential and increased caspase-8, -9 and -3 activities in HCT 116 cell. Western blotting also showed that SFN induced the release of cytochrome c, and AIF, which was confirmed by confocal microscopy examination. SFN induced ER stress-associated protein expression. Based on those observations, we suggest that SFN may be used as a novel anticancer agent for the treatment of human colon cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Ching Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Ying Shih
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Lin Kuo
- Department of Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shih Ma
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Long Yang
- Department of Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Ping Wu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Huang
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Chi Lai
- Department of Surgery, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan
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Polyphenols as Modulator of Oxidative Stress in Cancer Disease: New Therapeutic Strategies. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:6475624. [PMID: 26649142 PMCID: PMC4663347 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6475624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer onset and progression have been linked to oxidative stress by increasing DNA mutations or inducing DNA damage, genome instability, and cell proliferation and therefore antioxidant agents could interfere with carcinogenesis. It is well known that conventional radio-/chemotherapies influence tumour outcome through ROS modulation. Since these antitumour treatments have important side effects, the challenge is to develop new anticancer therapeutic strategies more effective and less toxic for patients. To this purpose, many natural polyphenols have emerged as very promising anticancer bioactive compounds. Beside their well-known antioxidant activities, several polyphenols target epigenetic processes involved in cancer development through the modulation of oxidative stress. An alternative strategy to the cytotoxic treatment is an approach leading to cytostasis through the induction of therapy-induced senescence. Many anticancer polyphenols cause cellular growth arrest through the induction of a ROS-dependent premature senescence and are considered promising antitumour therapeutic tools. Furthermore, one of the most innovative and interesting topics is the evaluation of efficacy of prooxidant therapies on cancer stem cells (CSCs). Several ROS inducers-polyphenols can impact CSCs metabolisms and self-renewal related pathways. Natural polyphenol roles, mainly in chemoprevention and cancer therapies, are described and discussed in the light of the current literature data.
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36
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Abassi Joozdani F, Yari F, Abassi Joozdani P, Nafisi S. Interaction of sulforaphane with DNA and RNA. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127541. [PMID: 26030290 PMCID: PMC4452540 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) is an isothiocyanate found in cruciferous vegetables with anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-cancer activities. However, the antioxidant and anticancer mechanism of sulforaphane is not well understood. In the present research, we reported binding modes, binding constants and stability of SFN–DNA and -RNA complexes by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and UV–Visible spectroscopic methods. Spectroscopic evidence showed DNA intercalation with some degree of groove binding. SFN binds minor and major grooves of DNA and backbone phosphate (PO2), while RNA binding is through G, U, A bases with some degree of SFN–phosphate (PO2) interaction. Overall binding constants were estimated to be K(SFN–DNA)=3.01 (± 0.035)×104 M-1 and K(SFN–RNA)= 6.63 (±0.042)×103 M-1. At high SFN concentration (SFN/RNA = 1/1), DNA conformation changed from B to A occurred, while RNA remained in A-family structure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Faramarz Yari
- Department of Biology, IAU, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Shohreh Nafisi
- Department of Chemistry, IAU, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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37
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Vahid F, Zand H, Nosrat-Mirshekarlou E, Najafi R, Hekmatdoost A. The role dietary of bioactive compounds on the regulation of histone acetylases and deacetylases: a review. Gene 2015; 562:8-15. [PMID: 25701602 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Revised: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nutrigenomics is an area of epigenomics that explores and defines the rapidly evolving field of diet-genome interactions. Lifestyle and diet can significantly influence epigenetic mechanisms, which cause heritable changes in gene expression without changes in DNA sequence. Nutrient-dependent epigenetic variations can significantly affect genome stability, mRNA and protein expression, and metabolic changes, which in turn influence food absorption and the activity of its constituents. Dietary bioactive compounds can affect epigenetic alterations, which are accumulated over time and are shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of age-related diseases such as diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. Histone acetylation is an epigenetic modification mediated by histone acetyl transferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) critically involved in regulating affinity binding between the histones and DNA backbone. The HDAC-mediated increase in histone affinity to DNA causes DNA condensation, preventing transcription, whereas HAT-acetylated chromatin is transcriptionally active. HDAC and HAT activities are reported to be associated with signal transduction, cell growth and death, as well as with the pathogenesis of various diseases. The aim of this review was to evaluate the role of diet and dietary bioactive compounds on the regulation of HATs and HDACs in epigenetic diseases. Dietary bioactive compounds such as genistein, phenylisothiocyanate, curcumin, resveratrol, indole-3-carbinol, and epigallocatechin-3-gallate can regulate HDAC and HAT activities and acetylation of histones and non-histone chromatin proteins, and their health benefits are thought to be attributed to these epigenetic mechanisms. The intake of dietary compounds that regulate epigenetic modifications can provide significant health effects and may prevent various pathological processes involved in the development of cancer and other life-threatening diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Vahid
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Nutrition and Food Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - H Zand
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Nutrition and Food Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Cell and Molecular Science and Nutrition, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - E Nosrat-Mirshekarlou
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3T 2N2
| | - R Najafi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Nutrition and Food Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Hekmatdoost
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Nutrition and Food Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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38
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Reddy SA, Shelar SB, Dang TM, Lee BNC, Yang H, Ong SM, Ng HL, Chui WK, Wong SC, Chew EH. Sulforaphane and its methylcarbonyl analogs inhibit the LPS-stimulated inflammatory response in human monocytes through modulating cytokine production, suppressing chemotactic migration and phagocytosis in a NF-κB- and MAPK-dependent manner. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 24:440-450. [PMID: 25585231 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sulforaphane [SF; 1-isothiocyanato-4-(methylsulfinyl)-butane], an aliphatic isothiocyanate (ITC) naturally derived from cruciferous vegetables and largely known for its chemopreventive potential also appears to possess anti-inflammatory potential. In this study, structural analogs of SF {compound 1 [1-isothiocyanato-4-(methylcarbonyl)-butane] and 2 [1-isothiocyanato-3-(methylcarbonyl)-propane]} containing a carbonyl group in place of the sulfinyl group in SF, were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activities. In RAW 264.7 cells, the ITCs at non-toxic concentrations caused an inhibition of NO and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release through suppressing expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), as well as a reduction in matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression, secretion and gelatinolytic activity. Further work performed on human monocytes isolated from blood of healthy donors revealed that the ITCs not only suppressed the expression and release of pro-inflammatory mediators IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and MMP-9, but also suppressed their antibody-independent phagocytic and chemotactic migratory abilities. These anti-inflammatory activities were mediated through suppression of the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. In addition, the ITCs were revealed to interact with the cysteines in inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB kinase β subunit (IKKβ), which could contribute at least partly to the suppression of NF-κB signaling. In conclusion, results obtained in this study provide deeper insights into the anti-inflammatory properties of SF and its methylcarbonyl analogs and the underlying mechanisms. These compounds thus serve as promising candidates for clinical applications in controlling inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shridhivya A Reddy
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Sandeep B Shelar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Truong-Minh Dang
- SIgN (Singapore Immunology Network), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, Republic of Singapore
| | - Baxter Neng-Cun Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Siew-Min Ong
- SIgN (Singapore Immunology Network), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, Republic of Singapore
| | - Hui-Li Ng
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Wai-Keung Chui
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Siew-Cheng Wong
- SIgN (Singapore Immunology Network), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, Republic of Singapore
| | - Eng-Hui Chew
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
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Elhalem E, Recio R, Werner S, Lieder F, Calderón-Montaño JM, López-Lázaro M, Fernández I, Khiar N. Sulforaphane homologues: Enantiodivergent synthesis of both enantiomers, activation of the Nrf2 transcription factor and selective cytotoxic activity. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 87:552-63. [PMID: 25299679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Reported is an enantiodivergent approach for the synthesis of both enantiomers of sulforaphane (SFN) homologues with different chain lengths between the sulfinyl sulfur and the isothiocyanate groups and different substituents on the sulfinyl sulfur. The homologues were designed in order to unravel the effect of all the diversity elements included in sulforaphane's structure. The key step of the approach is the diastereoselective synthesis of both sulfinate ester epimers at sulfur, using as single chiral auxiliary the sugar derived diacetone-d-glucose. The approach allows the first synthesis of both enantiomers of 5-methylsulfinylpentyl isothiocyanate, and the biologically important 6-methylsulfinylhexyl isothiocyanate (6-HITC) found in Japanese horseradish, wasabi (Wasabia japonica). The ability of the synthesized compounds as inductors of phase II detoxifying enzymes has been studied by determining their ability to activate the cytoprotective transcription factor Nrf2. The cytotoxic activity of all the synthesized compounds against human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) and foetal lung fibroblasts (MRC-5) is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Elhalem
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, C.S.I.C-Universidad de Sevilla, C/. Américo Vespucio, 49, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rocío Recio
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Sabine Werner
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Lieder
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Miguel López-Lázaro
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Noureddine Khiar
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, C.S.I.C-Universidad de Sevilla, C/. Américo Vespucio, 49, Isla de la Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
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Liu P, Li C, Zhang J, Xu X. Facile and Versatile Synthesis of Alkyl and Aryl Isothiocyanates by Using Triphosgene and CoSolvent. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2013.783600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Liu
- a Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , China
| | - Chunyan Li
- a Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , China
| | - Jingwei Zhang
- a Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , China
| | - Xiaoyong Xu
- a Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , China
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Wilson AJ, Kerns JK, Callahan JF, Moody CJ. Keap Calm, and Carry on Covalently. J Med Chem 2013; 56:7463-76. [DOI: 10.1021/jm400224q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Wilson
- School of
Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University
Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Jeffrey K. Kerns
- GlaxoSmithKline, 709 Swedeland Road, King
of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - James F. Callahan
- GlaxoSmithKline, 709 Swedeland Road, King
of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Christopher J. Moody
- School of
Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University
Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
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Kuang P, Song D, Yuan Q, Yi R, Lv X, Liang H. Separation and purification of sulforaphene from radish seeds using macroporous resin and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. Food Chem 2013; 136:342-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.08.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Revised: 05/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Pham TX, Lee J. Dietary regulation of histone acetylases and deacetylases for the prevention of metabolic diseases. Nutrients 2012; 4:1868-86. [PMID: 23363995 PMCID: PMC3546612 DOI: 10.3390/nu4121868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer involve epigenetic modifications, where accumulation of minute changes in the epigenome over time leads to disease manifestation. Epigenetic changes are influenced by life style and diets. This represents an avenue whereby dietary components could accelerate or prevent age-related diseases through their effects on epigenetic modifications. Histone acetylation is an epigenetic modification that is regulated through the opposing action of histone acetylases (HATs) and deacetylases (HDACs). These two families of enzymes play critical roles in metabolic processes and their dysregulation is associated with pathogenesis of several diseases. Dietary components, such as butyrate, sulforaphane, and curcumin, have been shown to affect HAT and HDAC activity, and their health benefits are attributed, at least in part, to epigenetic modifications. Given the decades that it takes to accumulate epigenetic changes, it is unlikely that pharmaceuticals could undo epigenetic changes without side effects. Therefore, long term consumption of dietary components that can alter the epigenome could be an attractive means of disease prevention. The goal of this review is to highlight the roles of diets and food components in epigenetic modifications through the regulation of HATs and HDACs for disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tho X Pham
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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La Marca M, Beffy P, Della Croce C, Gervasi PG, Iori R, Puccinelli E, Longo V. Structural influence of isothiocyanates on expression of cytochrome P450, phase II enzymes, and activation of Nrf2 in primary rat hepatocytes. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:2822-30. [PMID: 22664424 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Revised: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Primary cultures of rat hepatocytes were used to investigate whether and how eight isothiocynates (ITCs) with different chemical structures (the aromatic benzyl, 4-hydroxybenzyl, phenethyl isothiocyanates and the aliphatic allyl, napin, iberin, raphasatin isothiocyanates and sulforaphane) derived from hydrolyzed glucosinolates, were able to modulate cytochrome P450 (CYP) and antioxidant/detoxifying enzymes and to activate the Nrf2 transcription factor. The aromatic ITCs at 40 μM markedly increased the transcription of CYP1A1 and 1A2 mRNA and increased the associated ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity after 24 h of treatment. By contrast, the aliphatic ITCs (40 μM) decreased CYP1A1 and 1A2 transcription, together with the corresponding EROD activity. The same treatment also caused a striking and similar transcriptional repression of CYP3A2, and the corresponding benzyloxyquinoline debenzylase activity in response to all the ITCs tested. In the same culture conditions, most of the antioxidant/detoxifying enzymes were significantly up-regulated by 40μM ITCs. In particular, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase and heme oxygenase-1 were induced, although to different levels, at transcriptional, protein and/or activity levels by all the ITCs. However, glutathione S-transferase activity was not induced by the allyl, benzyl, and 4-hydroxybenzyl ITCs, glutathione reductase activity was not induced by benzyl, and 4-hydroxybenzyl ITCs and catalase activity was not induced by allyl ITC. As for the Nrf2 transcription factor, a partial translocation of its protein from the cytosol to the nucleus was revealed by immunoblotting after 1h of treatment for all the ITCs tested. The ability of ITCs to induce the antioxidant and phase II enzymes did not appear to be affected by their hydrophilicity or other structural factors. Taken together, these results show that these ITCs are effective inducers of ARE/Nrf2-regulated antioxidant/detoxifying genes and have the potential to inhibit, at least in rat liver, the bioactivation of carcinogens dependent on CYP3A2 catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M La Marca
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, CNR, via Moruzzi 1, 56100 Pisa, Italy
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Magesh S, Chen Y, Hu L. Small molecule modulators of Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway as potential preventive and therapeutic agents. Med Res Rev 2012; 32:687-726. [PMID: 22549716 DOI: 10.1002/med.21257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 586] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-antioxidant response elements (ARE) pathway represents one of the most important cellular defense mechanisms against oxidative stress and xenobiotic damage. Activation of Nrf2 signaling induces the transcriptional regulation of ARE-dependent expression of various detoxifying and antioxidant defense enzymes and proteins. Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling has become an attractive target for the prevention and treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases and conditions including cancer, neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, metabolic, and inflammatory diseases. Over the last few decades, numerous Nrf2 inducers have been developed and some of them are currently undergoing clinical trials. Recently, overactivation of Nrf2 has been implicated in cancer progression as well as in drug resistance to cancer chemotherapy. Thus, Nrf2 inhibitors could potentially be used to improve the effectiveness of cancer therapy. Herein, we review the signaling mechanism of Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway, its disease relevance, and currently known classes of small molecule modulators. We also discuss several aspects of Keap1-Nrf2 interaction, Nrf2-based peptide inhibitor design, and the screening assays currently used for the discovery of direct inhibitors of Keap1-Nrf2 interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadagopan Magesh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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Jeon YK, Yoo DR, Jang YH, Jang SY, Nam MJ. Sulforaphane induces apoptosis in human hepatic cancer cells through inhibition of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase4, mediated by hypoxia inducible factor-1-dependent pathway. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2011; 1814:1340-8. [PMID: 21640852 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Revised: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The anti-cancer activity of sulforaphane (SFN) has recently been investigated in several cancer cell lines, including human hepatic cancers. However, the mechanism of SFN-induced cell death in human hepatic cancer cells is still not well understood. The aim of the present work is to explore the possible mechanisms of SFN-induced apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells using proteomic analysis. A two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE)-based-proteomic analysis was employed for identification of possible target-related proteins of SFN-induced apoptosis. Among eleven proteins identified as regulated, we focused on the down-regulation of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase4 (PFKFB4) protein, which has been known as a key modulator of glycolysis. We also showed that SFN down-regulated the expression of the transcriptional factor, hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), which strongly regulates PFKFB4 expression. In order to obtain a broad understanding of the correlation of HIF-1α and SFN, we observed the inhibition of the activity of mitogen-activated protein kinases, regulators of HIF-1α activity. Our findings suggest that SFN is a potent inducer of apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells via PFKFB4-inhibition pathways. HIF-1 pathway inhibition may be mediated by the inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Keul Jeon
- Department of Biological Science, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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48
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Baird L, Dinkova-Kostova AT. The cytoprotective role of the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway. Arch Toxicol 2011; 85:241-72. [PMID: 21365312 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-011-0674-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 723] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An elaborate network of highly inducible proteins protects aerobic cells against the cumulative damaging effects of reactive oxygen intermediates and toxic electrophiles, which are the major causes of neoplastic and chronic degenerative diseases. These cytoprotective proteins share common transcriptional regulation, through the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway, which can be activated by various exogenous and endogenous small molecules (inducers). Inducers chemically react with critical cysteine residues of the sensor protein Keap1, leading to stabilisation and nuclear translocation of transcription factor Nrf2, and ultimately to coordinate enhanced expression of genes coding for cytoprotective proteins. In addition, inducers inhibit pro-inflammatory responses, and there is a linear correlation spanning more than six orders of magnitude of concentrations between inducer and anti-inflammatory activity. Genetic deletion of transcription factor Nrf2 renders cells and animals much more sensitive to the damaging effects of electrophiles, oxidants and inflammatory agents in comparison with their wild-type counterparts. Conversely, activation of the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway allows survival and adaptation under various conditions of stress and has protective effects in many animal models. Cross-talks with other signalling pathways broadens the role of the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway in determining the fate of the cell, impacting fundamental biological processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Baird
- Biomedical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
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Shin SM, Jung KS, Park YH, Ko YW, Lee CK, Cho KH, Ha NJ, Kim KJ. Sulforaphane Enhances MHC Class II-Restricted Presentation of Exogenous Antigens. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2011. [DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2011.19.1.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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50
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Zyk NV, Gavrilova AY, Mukhina OA, Borisenko AA, Bondarenko OB, Zefirov NS. Reaction of unsaturated compounds with ethyl benzenesulfenate and trimethylsilyl isothiocyanate. Russ Chem Bull 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-010-0311-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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