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González-Matos M, Aguado ME, Izquierdo M, Monzote L, González-Bacerio J. Compounds with potentialities as novel chemotherapeutic agents in leishmaniasis at preclinical level. Exp Parasitol 2024; 260:108747. [PMID: 38518969 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis are neglected infectious diseases caused by kinetoplastid protozoan parasites from the genus Leishmania. These sicknesses are present mainly in tropical regions and almost 1 million new cases are reported each year. The absence of vaccines, as well as the high cost, toxicity or resistance to the current drugs determines the necessity of new treatments against these pathologies. In this review, several compounds with potentialities as new antileishmanial drugs are presented. The discussion is restricted to the preclinical level and molecules are organized according to their chemical nature, source and molecular targets. In this manner, we present antimicrobial peptides, flavonoids, withanolides, 8-aminoquinolines, compounds from Leish-Box, pyrazolopyrimidines, and inhibitors of tubulin polymerization/depolymerization, topoisomerase IB, proteases, pteridine reductase, N-myristoyltransferase, as well as enzymes involved in polyamine metabolism, response against oxidative stress, signaling pathways, and sterol biosynthesis. This work is a contribution to the general knowledge of these compounds as antileishmanial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maikel González-Matos
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Calle 25 #455 Entre I y J, Vedado, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Mirtha Elisa Aguado
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Calle 25 #455 Entre I y J, Vedado, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Maikel Izquierdo
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Calle 25 #455 Entre I y J, Vedado, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Lianet Monzote
- Department of Parasitology, Center for Research, Diagnosis and Reference, Tropical Medicine Institute "Pedro Kourí", Autopista Novia Del Mediodía Km 6½, La Lisa, La Habana, Cuba.
| | - Jorge González-Bacerio
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Calle 25 #455 Entre I y J, Vedado, La Habana, Cuba; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Calle 25 #455 Entre I y J, Vedado, La Habana, Cuba.
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2
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González-González A, Vázquez C, Encalada R, Saavedra E, Vázquez-Jiménez LK, Ortiz-Pérez E, Bolognesi ML, Rivera G. Phenothiazine-based virtual screening, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics of new trypanothione reductase inhibitors of Trypanosoma cruzi. Mol Inform 2023; 42:e2300069. [PMID: 37490403 DOI: 10.1002/minf.202300069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Phenothiazine derivatives can unselectively inhibit the trypanothione-dependent antioxidant system enzyme trypanothione reductase (TR). A virtual screening of 2163 phenothiazine derivatives from the ZINC15 and PubChem databases docked on the active site of T. cruzi TR showed that 285 compounds have higher affinity than the natural ligand trypanothione disulfide. 244 compounds showed higher affinity toward the parasite's enzyme than to its human homolog glutathione reductase. Protein-ligand interaction profiling predicted that the main interactions for the top scored compounds were with residues important for trypanothione disulfide binding: Phe396, Pro398, Leu399, His461, Glu466, and Glu467, particularly His461, which participates in catalysis. Two compounds with the desired profiles, ZINC1033681 (Zn_C687) and ZINC10213096 (Zn_C216), decreased parasite growth by 20 % and 50 %, respectively. They behaved as mixed-type inhibitors of recombinant TR, with Ki values of 59 and 47 μM, respectively. This study provides a further understanding of the potential of phenothiazine derivatives as TR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alonzo González-González
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 88710, Reynosa, México
| | - Citlali Vázquez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rusely Encalada
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Emma Saavedra
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lenci K Vázquez-Jiménez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 88710, Reynosa, México
| | - Eyra Ortiz-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 88710, Reynosa, México
| | - María Laura Bolognesi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, I-40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gildardo Rivera
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 88710, Reynosa, México
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Rubio-Hernández M, Alcolea V, Pérez-Silanes S. Potential of sulfur-selenium isosteric replacement as a strategy for the development of new anti-chagasic drugs. Acta Trop 2022; 233:106547. [PMID: 35667455 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Current treatment for Chagas disease is based on only two drugs: benznidazole and nifurtimox. Compounds containing sulfur (S) in their structure have shown promising results in vitro and in vivo against Trypanosoma cruzi, the parasite causing Chagas disease. Notably, some reports show that the isosteric replacement of S by selenium (Se) could be an interesting strategy for the development of new compounds for the treatment of Chagas disease. To date, the activity against T. cruzi of three Se- containing groups has been compared with their S counterparts: selenosemicarbazones, selenoquinones, and selenocyanates. More studies are needed to confirm the positive results of Se compounds. Therefore, we have investigated S compounds described in the literature tested against T. cruzi. We focused on those tested in vivo that allowed isosteric replacement to propose their Se counterparts as promising compounds for the future development of new drugs against Chagas disease.
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Ramu D, Singh S. Potential molecular targets of Leishmania pathways in developing novel antileishmanials. Future Microbiol 2021; 17:41-57. [PMID: 34877877 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2021-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The illness known as leishmaniasis has not become a household name like malaria, although it stands as the second-largest parasitic disease, surpassed only by malaria. As no licensed vaccine is available, treatment for leishmaniasis mostly relies on chemotherapy. Inefficiency and drug resistance are the major impediments in current therapeutics. In this scenario, identification of novel molecular drug candidates is indispensable to develop robust antileishmanials. The exploration of structure-based drugs to target enzymes/molecules of Leishmania which differ structurally/functionally from their equivalents in mammalian hosts not only helps in developing a new class of antileishmanials, but also paves the way to understand Leishmania biology. This review provides a comprehensive overview on possible drug candidates relating to various Leishmania molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandugudumula Ramu
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Greater Noida, 201314, India
| | - Shailja Singh
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
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5
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Liang G, Wang JH, Lei T, Cheng YY, Zhou C, Chen YJ, Ye C, Chen B, Tung CH, Wu LZ. Direct C-H Thiolation for Selective Cross-Coupling of Arenes with Thiophenols via Aerobic Visible-Light Catalysis. Org Lett 2021; 23:8082-8087. [PMID: 34609892 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An aerobic metal-free, visible-light-induced regioselective thiolation of phenols with thiophenols is reported. The cross-coupling protocol exhibits great functional group tolerance and high regioselectivity. Mechanistic studies reveal that the disulfide radical cation plays a crucial role in the visible-light catalysis of aerobic thiolation. Simply controlling the equivalent ratio of substrates enables the selective formation of sulfide or sulfoxide products with high activity in a one-pot reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Liang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Tao Lei
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chen Ye
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Li-Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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Ghorai J, Kesavan A, Anbarasan P. Cp*Co(III)-catalyzed C2-thiolation and C2,C3-dithiolation of substituted indoles with N-(arylthio)succinimide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:10544-10547. [PMID: 34553717 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03760a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A general and efficient Cp*CoIII-catalyzed C2-thiolation and C2,C3-dithiolation of indole derivatives has been achieved employing N-(aryl/alkylthio)succinimide as a thiolating reagent. This external oxidant-free method utilizes only catalytic amounts of additive and tolerates various functional groups to afford various thiolated products in good yields. Control experiments revealed the importance of the Cp*CoIII-catalyst for both C2- and C3-thiolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Ghorai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036, India.
| | - Arunachalam Kesavan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036, India.
| | - Pazhamalai Anbarasan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai - 600036, India.
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7
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Wang CY, Tian R, Zhu YM. Ni-catalyzed C–S bond cleavage of aryl 2-pyridyl thioethers coupling with alkyl and aryl thiols. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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8
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Pangajavalli S, Kumar RR, Ramaswamy S. Structural, Hirshfeld, spectroscopic, quantum chemical and molecular docking studies of N'-(4-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1,3-dicyano-5,6,7,8,9,10-hexahydrobenzo[8]annulen 2-yl) N,N-dimethylformimidamide as CCR2 inhibitors. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Brahmachari G, Bhowmick A, Karmakar I. Visible Light-Driven and Singlet Oxygen-Mediated Photochemical Cross-Dehydrogenative C 3-H Sulfenylation of 4-Hydroxycoumarins with Thiols Using Rose Bengal as a Photosensitizer. J Org Chem 2021; 86:9658-9669. [PMID: 34213909 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A visible light (white light-emitting diode/direct sunlight)-driven photochemical synthesis of a new series of biologically interesting 3-(alkyl/benzylthio)-4-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-ones has been achieved through a cross-dehydrogenative C3-H sulfenylation of 4-hydroxycoumarins with thiols at ambient temperature in the presence of rose bengal in acetonitrile under an oxygen atmosphere. The notable features of this newly developed method are mild reaction conditions, energy efficiency, metal-free synthesis, good to excellent yields, use of low-cost materials, and eco-friendliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutam Brahmachari
- Laboratory of Natural Products & Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (a Central University), Santiniketan 731 235, West Bengal, India
| | - Anindita Bhowmick
- Laboratory of Natural Products & Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (a Central University), Santiniketan 731 235, West Bengal, India
| | - Indrajit Karmakar
- Laboratory of Natural Products & Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (a Central University), Santiniketan 731 235, West Bengal, India
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10
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Kamdem BP, Elizabeth FI. The Role of Nitro (NO 2-), Chloro (Cl), and Fluoro (F) Substitution in the Design of Antileishmanial and Antichagasic Compounds. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 22:379-398. [PMID: 33371845 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666201228122239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are responsible for over 500,000 deaths annually and are characterized by multiple disabilities. Leishmaniasis and Chagas diseases are among the most severe NTDs, and are caused by the Leishmania sp and Trypanosoma cruzi, respectively. Glucantime, pentamidine, and miltefosine are commonly used to treat leishmaniasis, whereas nifurtimox, benznidazole are current treatments for Chagas disease. However, these treatments are associated with drug resistance and severe side effects. Hence, the development of synthetic products, especially those containing N02, F, or Cl, are known to improve biological activity. The present work summarizes the information on the antileishmanial and antitrypanosomal activity of nitro-, chloro-, and fluorosynthetic derivatives. Scientific publications referring to halogenated derivatives in relation to antileishmanial and antitrypanosomal activities were hand-searched in databases such as SciFinder, Wiley, Science Direct, PubMed, ACS, Springer, Scielo, and so on. According to the literature information, more than 90 compounds were predicted as lead molecules with reference to their IC50/EC50 values in in vitro studies. It is worth mentioning that only active compounds with known cytotoxic effects against mammalian cells were considered in the present study. The observed activity was attributed to the presence of nitro-, fluoro-, and chloro-groups in the compound backbone. All in all, nitro and halogenated derivatives are active antileishmanial and antitrypanosomal compounds and can serve as the baseline for the development of new drugs against leishmaniasis and Chagas disease. However, efforts in in vitro and in vivo toxicity studies of the active synthetic compounds is still needed. Pharmacokinetic studies and the mechanism of action of the promising compounds need to be explored. The use of new catalysts and chemical transformation can afford unexplored halogenated compounds with improved antileishmanial and antitrypanosomal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boniface P Kamdem
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ferreira I Elizabeth
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Singh P. Fluorescent but ‘choked’ multipodands: Ag(I) complexation and NMR studies. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-020-02715-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Sethiya A, Sahiba N, Teli P, Soni J, Agarwal S. Current advances in the synthetic strategies of 2-arylbenzothiazole. Mol Divers 2020; 26:513-553. [PMID: 33180241 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-020-10149-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Benzothiazole is a privileged scaffold in the field of synthetic and medicinal chemistry. Its derivatives and metal complexes possess a gamut of pharmacological properties and high degree of structural diversity that has proven it vital for the investigation for novel therapeutics. The 2nd position of benzothiazole is the most active site that makes 2-arylbenzothiazole as felicitous scaffolds in pharmaceutical chemistry. The extensive significance of benzo-fused heterocyclic moieties formation has led to broad and valuable different approaches for their synthesis. This review deals with the synthetic approaches developed so far for the synthesis of 2-arylbenzothiazoles. Moreover, this article abridges the publications devoted to the synthesis of this moiety over the last 6 years. This study gives a current precis of research on the fabrication of 2-arylbenzothiazoles through different synthetic pathways and shall be helpful for researchers and scientists who are working in this field to make more potent biologically active benzothiazole-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Sethiya
- Department of Chemistry, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, MLSU, Udaipur, 313001, India
| | - Nusrat Sahiba
- Department of Chemistry, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, MLSU, Udaipur, 313001, India
| | - Pankaj Teli
- Department of Chemistry, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, MLSU, Udaipur, 313001, India
| | - Jay Soni
- Department of Chemistry, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, MLSU, Udaipur, 313001, India
| | - Shikha Agarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, MLSU, Udaipur, 313001, India.
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Thotla K, Noole VG, Kedika B, Reddy CHK. Synthesis of 5-{[(1-Aryl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl]sulfanyl}-1-phenyl-1H-tetrazoles. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428020060172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Turcano L, Battista T, De Haro ET, Missineo A, Alli C, Paonessa G, Colotti G, Harper S, Fiorillo A, Ilari A, Bresciani A. Spiro-containing derivatives show antiparasitic activity against Trypanosoma brucei through inhibition of the trypanothione reductase enzyme. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008339. [PMID: 32437349 PMCID: PMC7269337 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanothione reductase (TR) is a key enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of trypanothione, an antioxidant dithiol that protects Trypanosomatid parasites from oxidative stress induced by mammalian host defense systems. TR is considered an attractive target for the development of novel anti-parasitic agents as it is essential for parasite survival but has no close homologue in humans. We report here the identification of spiro-containing derivatives as inhibitors of TR from Trypanosoma brucei (TbTR), the parasite responsible for Human African Trypanosomiasis. The hit series, identified by high throughput screening, was shown to bind TbTR reversibly and to compete with the trypanothione (TS2) substrate. The prototype compound 1 from this series was also found to impede the growth of Trypanosoma brucei parasites in vitro. The X-ray crystal structure of TbTR in complex with compound 1 solved at 1.98 Å allowed the identification of the hydrophobic pocket where the inhibitor binds, placed close to the catalytic histidine (His 461’) and lined by Trp21, Val53, Ile106, Tyr110 and Met113. This new inhibitor is specific for TbTR and no activity was detected against the structurally similar human glutathione reductase (hGR). The central spiro scaffold is known to be suitable for brain active compounds in humans thus representing an attractive starting point for the future treatment of the central nervous system stage of T. brucei infections. Trypanosoma brucei is a parasite responsible for neglected pathologies such as human African trypanosomiasis, also known as sleeping sickness. This disease is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa, with 70 million people at risk of infection. Current treatments for this type of disease are limited by their toxicity, administration in endemic countries and treatment resistance. Therapies against infectious diseases typically rely on targeting one or more components of the parasite that are not present in humans to ensure the best possible therapeutic window. In this case we aimed at targeting the Trypanosoma brucei trypanothione reductase (TR), one enzyme that synthesize the reduced trypanothione a key molecule for preserving the parasite redox balance. This enzyme does not exist in humans that have glutathione instead of trypanothione. Past attempts to identify novel inhibitors of this target has failed to generate drug-like molecules. To overcome this limitation we employed a recent, higher quality, TR activity assay to test a collection of compounds previously reported to be active against these parasites. This approach led to the identification and validation of a new chemotype with a unique mode of inhibition of TR. This chemical series is a drug-like starting point, in fact its core (spiro) is present in drugs approved for human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Turcano
- Department of Translational and Discovery Research, Pomezia (Roma) Italy
| | - Theo Battista
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Antonino Missineo
- Department of Translational and Discovery Research, Pomezia (Roma) Italy
| | - Cristina Alli
- Department of Translational and Discovery Research, Pomezia (Roma) Italy
| | - Giacomo Paonessa
- Department of Translational and Discovery Research, Pomezia (Roma) Italy
| | - Gianni Colotti
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Annarita Fiorillo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | - Andrea Ilari
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
- * E-mail: (AI); (AB)
| | - Alberto Bresciani
- Department of Translational and Discovery Research, Pomezia (Roma) Italy
- * E-mail: (AI); (AB)
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15
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Xuan M, Lu C, Lin BL. C-S coupling with nitro group as leaving group via simple inorganic salt catalysis. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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16
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Zhou JY, Tao SW, Liu RQ, Zhu YM. Forging C–S Bonds through Nickel-Catalyzed Aryl Anhydrides with Thiophenols: Decarbonylation or Decarbonylation Accompanied by Decarboxylation. J Org Chem 2019; 84:11891-11901. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ya Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shou-Wei Tao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Rui-Qing Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yong-Ming Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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17
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Magnetically Recyclable Nano Nickel Ferrite Catalyzed One-pot Chalcogenation of Bioactive Heterocycles Under Aerobic Condition. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201804039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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18
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Gaykar RN, Bhattacharjee S, Biju AT. Transition-Metal-Free Thioamination of Arynes Using Sulfenamides. Org Lett 2019; 21:737-740. [PMID: 30648876 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b03966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The insertion of arynes into the S-N σ-bond of sulfenamides allowing the synthesis of o-sulfanylaniline derivatives with reasonable functional group compatibility is presented. The aryne generated from 2-(trimethylsilyl)aryl triflates using CsF in DME was the key for the success of this transition-metal-free thioamination reaction, which involves new C-N and C-S bond formations in a single step under mild conditions. Moreover, the synthetic potential of this method was demonstrated by the synthesis of the antidepressant drug vortioxetine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul N Gaykar
- Department of Organic Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012 , India
| | - Subrata Bhattacharjee
- Department of Organic Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012 , India
| | - Akkattu T Biju
- Department of Organic Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012 , India
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19
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Kryshchyshyn A, Kaminskyy D, Nektegayev I, Grellier P, Lesyk R. Isothiochromenothiazoles-A Class of Fused Thiazolidinone Derivatives with Established Anticancer Activity That Inhibits Growth of Trypanosoma brucei brucei. Sci Pharm 2018; 86:scipharm86040047. [PMID: 30347722 DOI: 10.3390/scipharm86040047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, thiazolidinone derivatives have been widely studied as antiparasitic agents. Previous investigations showed that fused 4-thiazolidinone derivatives (especially thiopyranothiazoles) retain pharmacological activity of their synthetic precursors-simple 5-ene-4-thiazolidinones. A series of isothiochromeno[4a,4-d][1,3] thiazoles was investigated in an in vitro assay towards bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei brucei. All compounds inhibited parasite growth at concentrations in the micromolar range. The established low acute toxicity of this class of compounds along with a good trypanocidal profile indicates that isothiochromenothiazole derivatives may be promising for designing new antitrypanosomal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kryshchyshyn
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv-10, Ukraine.
| | - Danylo Kaminskyy
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv-10, Ukraine.
| | - Igor Nektegayev
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv-10, Ukraine.
| | - Philippe Grellier
- UMR 7245 CNRS MCAM, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, CP 52, 57 rue Cuvier, Paris 75005, France.
| | - Roman Lesyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv-10, Ukraine.
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20
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Tiwari N, Tanwar N, Munde M. Molecular insights into trypanothione reductase-inhibitor interaction: A structure-based review. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2018; 351:e1700373. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201700373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Tiwari
- School of Physical Sciences; Jawaharlal Nehru University; New Delhi India
| | - Neetu Tanwar
- School of Physical Sciences; Jawaharlal Nehru University; New Delhi India
| | - Manoj Munde
- School of Physical Sciences; Jawaharlal Nehru University; New Delhi India
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21
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Hu B, Zhou P, Rao K, Yang J, Li L, Yan S, Yu F. Copper-catalyzed direct oxidative C(sp 2 )-H α -sulfenylation of enaminones with disulfides or thiophenols: Synthesis of polyfunctionalized aminothioalkenes. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.02.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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22
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Wang C, Zhang Z, Tu Y, Li Y, Wu J, Zhao J. Palladium-Catalyzed Oxidative Cross-Coupling of Arylhydrazines and Arenethiols with Molecular Oxygen as the Sole Oxidant. J Org Chem 2018; 83:2389-2394. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changliu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
of Jiangxi Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China
| | - Zhenming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
of Jiangxi Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China
| | - Yongliang Tu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
of Jiangxi Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
of Jiangxi Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China
| | - Jiale Wu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
of Jiangxi Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
of Jiangxi Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, P. R. China
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23
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Charlton RL, Rossi-Bergmann B, Denny PW, Steel PG. Repurposing as a strategy for the discovery of new anti-leishmanials: the-state-of-the-art. Parasitology 2018; 145:219-236. [PMID: 28805165 PMCID: PMC5964475 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182017000993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne neglected tropical disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania for which there is a paucity of effective viable non-toxic drugs. There are 1·3 million new cases each year causing considerable socio-economic hardship, best measured in 2·4 million disability adjusted life years, with greatest impact on the poorest communities, which means that desperately needed new antileishmanial treatments have to be both affordable and accessible. Established medicines with cheaper and faster development times may hold the cure for this neglected tropical disease. This concept of using old drugs for new diseases may not be novel but, with the ambitious target of controlling or eradicating tropical diseases by 2020, this strategy is still an important one. In this review, we will explore the current state-of-the-art of drug repurposing strategies in the search for new treatments for leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Charlton
- Department of Chemistry,University Science Laboratories,South Road,Durham DH1 3LE,UK
| | - Bartira Rossi-Bergmann
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho,Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro,Ilha do Fundão,CEP 21·949-900 Rio de Janeiro,RJ,Brazil
| | - Paul W Denny
- Department of Biosciences,University Science Laboratories,South Road,Durham DH1 3LE,UK
| | - Patrick G Steel
- Department of Chemistry,University Science Laboratories,South Road,Durham DH1 3LE,UK
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24
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Khan MOF. Trypanothione Reductase: A Viable Chemotherapeutic Target for Antitrypanosomal and Antileishmanial Drug Design. Drug Target Insights 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/117739280700200007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Omar F. Khan
- College of Pharmacy, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, 100 Campus Drive, Weatherford, OK 73096, U.S.A
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25
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gem -Dithioacetylated indole derivatives as novel antileishmanial agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:4643-4646. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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26
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Polyamine-based analogs and conjugates as antikinetoplastid agents. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 139:982-1015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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27
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Romero AH, López SE. In silico molecular docking studies of new potential 4-phthalazinyl-hydrazones on selected Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania enzyme targets. J Mol Graph Model 2017; 76:313-329. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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28
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29
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Rodríguez-Becerra J, Cáceres-Jensen L, Hernández-Ramos J, Barrientos L. Identification of potential trypanothione reductase inhibitors among commercially available
$$\upbeta $$
β
-carboline derivatives using chemical space, lead-like and drug-like filters, pharmacophore models and molecular docking. Mol Divers 2017; 21:697-711. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-017-9747-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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30
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Bisht S, Peddinti RK. Domino reactions of alkenyl p -benzoquinones: Access to aryl sulfide derivatives of coumarins. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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31
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Qvit N, Schechtman D, Pena DA, Berti DA, Soares CO, Miao Q, Liang LA, Baron LA, Teh-Poot C, Martínez-Vega P, Ramirez-Sierra MJ, Churchill E, Cunningham AD, Malkovskiy AV, Federspiel NA, Gozzo FC, Torrecilhas AC, Manso Alves MJ, Jardim A, Momar N, Dumonteil E, Mochly-Rosen D. Scaffold proteins LACK and TRACK as potential drug targets in kinetoplastid parasites: Development of inhibitors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-DRUGS AND DRUG RESISTANCE 2016; 6:74-84. [PMID: 27054066 PMCID: PMC4805777 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Parasitic diseases cause ∼500,000 deaths annually and remain a major challenge for therapeutic development. Using a rational design based approach, we developed peptide inhibitors with anti-parasitic activity that were derived from the sequences of parasite scaffold proteins LACK (Leishmania's receptor for activated C-kinase) and TRACK (Trypanosomareceptor for activated C-kinase). We hypothesized that sequences in LACK and TRACK that are conserved in the parasites, but not in the mammalian ortholog, RACK (Receptor for activated C-kinase), may be interaction sites for signaling proteins that are critical for the parasites' viability. One of these peptides exhibited leishmanicidal and trypanocidal activity in culture. Moreover, in infected mice, this peptide was also effective in reducing parasitemia and increasing survival without toxic effects. The identified peptide is a promising new anti-parasitic drug lead, as its unique features may limit toxicity and drug-resistance, thus overcoming central limitations of most anti-parasitic drugs. Identified unique short sequences conserved in parasite but not in host orthologue. Peptides corresponding to these sequences are active anti-parasitic drug lead. Cyclization of the peptides generates drug leads for in vivo proof of concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Qvit
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Deborah Schechtman
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Qianqian Miao
- National Reference Centre for Parasitology, Research Institute of the McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Liying Annie Liang
- National Reference Centre for Parasitology, Research Institute of the McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Lauren A Baron
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Christian Teh-Poot
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Pedro Martínez-Vega
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Maria Jesus Ramirez-Sierra
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Eric Churchill
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anna D Cunningham
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Andrey V Malkovskiy
- Biomaterials and Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nancy A Federspiel
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Fabio Cesar Gozzo
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Armando Jardim
- Institute of Parasitology and Centre for Host-Parasite Interactions, McGill University, Québec, Canada
| | - Ndao Momar
- National Reference Centre for Parasitology, Research Institute of the McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Eric Dumonteil
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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32
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Takasu K. π-Delocalized Lipophilic Cations as New Candidates for Antimalarial, Antitrypanosomal and Antileishmanial Agents: Synthesis, Evaluation of Antiprotozoal Potency, and Insight into Their Action Mechanisms. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2016; 64:656-67. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c16-00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyosei Takasu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
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33
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Argüelles AJ, Cordell GA, Maruenda H. Molecular Docking and Binding Mode Analysis of Plant Alkaloids as in Vitro and in silico Inhibitors of Trypanothione Reductase from Trypanosoma cruzi. Nat Prod Commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1601100118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanothione reductase (TryR) is a key enzyme in the metabolism of Trypanosoma cruzi, the parasite responsible for Chagas disease. The available repertoire of TryR inhibitors relies heavily on synthetic substrates of limited structural diversity, and less on plant-derived natural products. In this study, a molecular docking procedure using a Lamarckian Genetic Algorithm was implemented to examine the protein-ligand binding interactions of strong in vitro inhibitors for which no X-ray data is available. In addition, a small, skeletally diverse, set of natural alkaloids was assessed computationally against T. cruzi TryR in search of new scaffolds for lead development. The preferential binding mode (low number of clusters, high cluster population), together with the deduced binding interactions were used to discriminate among the virtual inhibitors. This study confirms the prior in vitro data and proposes quebrachamine, cephalotaxine, cryptolepine, (22 S,25 S)-tomatidine, (22 R,25 S)-solanidine, and (22 R,25 R)-solasodine as new alkaloid scaffold leads in the search for more potent and selective TryR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alonso J. Argüelles
- Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Departamento de Ciencias - Sección Química, Lima, Perú
| | - Geoffrey A. Cordell
- Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Departamento de Ciencias - Sección Química, Lima, Perú
- Natural Products Inc., Evanston, IL 60203, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Helena Maruenda
- Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Departamento de Ciencias - Sección Química, Lima, Perú
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34
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Saba S, Rafique J, Braga AL. DMSO/iodine-catalyzed oxidative C–Se/C–S bond formation: a regioselective synthesis of unsymmetrical chalcogenides with nitrogen- or oxygen-containing arenes. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cy01503k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A convenient metal-free and solvent-free iodine-catalyzed regioselective greener protocol to access different types of unsymmetrical chalcogenides with nitrogen- or oxygen-containing arenes through oxidative C–Se/C–S formation via direct C(sp2)–H bond activation was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumbal Saba
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
- Florianopolis
- SC-Brazil
| | - Jamal Rafique
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
- Florianopolis
- SC-Brazil
| | - Antonio L. Braga
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
- Florianopolis
- SC-Brazil
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35
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Richards DD, Ang MTC, McDonald R, Bierenstiel M. Structure and spectroscopic properties of N,S-coordinating 2-methyl-sulfanyl-N-[(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methyl-idene]aniline methanol monosolvate. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2015; 71:1136-9. [PMID: 26594390 PMCID: PMC4647435 DOI: 10.1107/s205698901501590x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde and 2-(methyl-sulfan-yl)aniline in refluxing methanol gave an olive-green residue in which yellow crystals of the title compound, C12H12N2S·CH3OH, were grown from slow evaporation of methanol at 263 K. In the crystal, hydrogen-bonding inter-actions link the aniline mol-ecule and a nearby methanol solvent mol-ecule. These units are linked by a pair of weak C-H⋯Omethanol interactions, forming inversion dimers consisting of two main molecules and two solvent molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Douglas Richards
- Department of Chemistry, 1250 Grand Lake Road, Cape Breton University, Sydney, Nova Scotia, B1P 6L2, Canada
| | - M. Trisha C. Ang
- Department of Chemistry, 1250 Grand Lake Road, Cape Breton University, Sydney, Nova Scotia, B1P 6L2, Canada
| | - Robert McDonald
- Department of Chemistry, 1250 Grand Lake Road, Cape Breton University, Sydney, Nova Scotia, B1P 6L2, Canada
- University of Alberta, X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Matthias Bierenstiel
- Department of Chemistry, 1250 Grand Lake Road, Cape Breton University, Sydney, Nova Scotia, B1P 6L2, Canada
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36
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Abstract
Introduction of novel and diverse functional groups in drug discovery is always seen with hesitancy until good activity and low toxicity characteristics are proven. The introduction of fluorine in drug-like compounds is now a well-accepted strategy in medicinal chemistry. However, polyfluoroalkyl groups, with the exception of trifluoromethyl substituents, are not well explored yet. Our aim is to show to the readers how polyfluorinated groups can be beneficial to the properties of pharmaceutically active compounds by highlighting the structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies that led to the selection of polyfluorinated moieties as key structural features. Despite the fact that the use of higher polyfluoroalkyl/aryl moieties is still in its infancy, we believe that they will soon acquire the same importance of their lower parents.
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37
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O’Sullivan MC, Durham TB, Valdes HE, Dauer KL, Karney NJ, Forrestel AC, Bacchi CJ, Baker JF. Dibenzosuberyl substituted polyamines and analogs of clomipramine as effective inhibitors of trypanothione reductase; molecular docking, and assessment of trypanocidal activities. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:996-1010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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38
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Braun J, Möckel MM, Strittmatter T, Marx A, Groth U, Mayer TU. Synthesis and biological evaluation of optimized inhibitors of the mitotic kinesin Kif18A. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:554-60. [PMID: 25402598 DOI: 10.1021/cb500789h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The mitotic spindle, a highly dynamic structure composed of microtubules, mediates the segregation of the previously duplicated genome into the two nascent daughter cells. Errors in this process contribute to pathology including tumor formation. Key for the shape and function of the mitotic spindle are kinesins, molecular motor proteins that convert chemical energy into mechanical work. Due to their fast mode of action, small molecules are valuable tools to dissect the dynamic functions of kinesins during mitosis. In this study, we report the identification of optimized small molecule inhibitors of the mitotic kinesin Kif18A. Using BTB-1, the first identified Kif18A inhibitor, as a lead compound, we synthesized a collection of derivatives. We demonstrate that some of the synthesized derivatives potently inhibited the ATPase activity of Kif18A with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value in the low micromolar range. In vitro analysis of a panel of Kif18A-related kinesins revealed that the two most potent compounds show improved selectivity compared to BTB-1. Structure-activity relationship studies identified substituents mediating undesired inhibitory effects on microtubule polymerization. In summary, our study provides key insights into the mechanism of action of BTB-1 and its analogs, which will have a great impact on the further development of highly selective and bioactive Kif18A inhibitors. Since Kif18A is frequently overexpressed in solid tumors, such compounds are not only of great interest for basic research but also have the potential to open up new strategies for the treatment of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Braun
- Department
of Chemistry and Konstanz Research School Chemical-Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, Universitätsstr. 10, 78467 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Martin M. Möckel
- Department
of Biology and Konstanz Research School Chemical-Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, Universitätsstr. 10, 78467 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Tobias Strittmatter
- Department
of Chemistry and Konstanz Research School Chemical-Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, Universitätsstr. 10, 78467 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Andreas Marx
- Department
of Chemistry and Konstanz Research School Chemical-Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, Universitätsstr. 10, 78467 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Ulrich Groth
- Department
of Chemistry and Konstanz Research School Chemical-Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, Universitätsstr. 10, 78467 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Thomas U. Mayer
- Department
of Biology and Konstanz Research School Chemical-Biology (KoRS-CB), University of Konstanz, Universitätsstr. 10, 78467 Konstanz, Germany
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39
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Persch E, Dumele O, Diederich F. Molekulare Erkennung in chemischen und biologischen Systemen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201408487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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40
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Persch E, Dumele O, Diederich F. Molecular recognition in chemical and biological systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:3290-327. [PMID: 25630692 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201408487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 417] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Structure-based ligand design in medicinal chemistry and crop protection relies on the identification and quantification of weak noncovalent interactions and understanding the role of water. Small-molecule and protein structural database searches are important tools to retrieve existing knowledge. Thermodynamic profiling, combined with X-ray structural and computational studies, is the key to elucidate the energetics of the replacement of water by ligands. Biological receptor sites vary greatly in shape, conformational dynamics, and polarity, and require different ligand-design strategies, as shown for various case studies. Interactions between dipoles have become a central theme of molecular recognition. Orthogonal interactions, halogen bonding, and amide⋅⋅⋅π stacking provide new tools for innovative lead optimization. The combination of synthetic models and biological complexation studies is required to gather reliable information on weak noncovalent interactions and the role of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Persch
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich (Switzerland)
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41
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Parumala SKR, Surasani SR, Peddinti RK. S-Arylation of thiols with masked o-benzoquinones: synthesis of alkyl aryl/diaryl sulfides. NEW J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj01381f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Chandrasekhar B. 2-Alkyl/aryl/heteroarylbenzothiazole ring systems fromo-aminothiophenol and its derivatives as versatile synthons. J Sulphur Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/17415993.2014.934245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Persch E, Bryson S, Todoroff NK, Eberle C, Thelemann J, Dirdjaja N, Kaiser M, Weber M, Derbani H, Brun R, Schneider G, Pai EF, Krauth-Siegel RL, Diederich F. Binding to large enzyme pockets: small-molecule inhibitors of trypanothione reductase. ChemMedChem 2014; 9:1880-91. [PMID: 24788386 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201402032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The causative agents of the parasitic disease human African trypanosomiasis belong to the family of trypanosomatids. These parasitic protozoa exhibit a unique thiol redox metabolism that is based on the flavoenzyme trypanothione reductase (TR). TR was identified as a potential drug target and features a large active site that allows a multitude of possible ligand orientations, which renders rational structure-based inhibitor design highly challenging. Herein we describe the synthesis, binding properties, and kinetic analysis of a new series of small-molecule inhibitors of TR. The conjunction of biological activities, mutation studies, and virtual ligand docking simulations led to the prediction of a binding mode that was confirmed by crystal structure analysis. The crystal structures revealed that the ligands bind to the hydrophobic wall of the so-called "mepacrine binding site". The binding conformation and potency of the inhibitors varied for TR from Trypanosoma brucei and T. cruzi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Persch
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zurich (Switzerland)
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Cross ED, MacDonald KL, McDonald R, Bierenstiel M. A trinuclear palladium(II) complex containing N,S-coordinating 2-(benzylsulfanyl)anilinide and 1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiolate ligands with a central square-planar PdN4 motif. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2014; 70:23-7. [PMID: 24399220 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229613032828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of dichlorido(cod)palladium(II) (cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) with 2-(benzylsulfanyl)aniline followed by heating in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) produces the linear trinuclear Pd3 complex bis(μ2-1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiolato)bis[μ2-2-(benzylsulfanyl)anilinido]dichloridotripalladium(II) N,N-dimethylformamide disolvate, [Pd3(C7H4NS2)2(C13H12NS)2Cl2]·2C3H7NO. The molecule has -1 symmetry and a Pd...Pd separation of 3.2012 (4) Å. The outer Pd(II) atoms have a square-planar geometry formed by an N,S-chelating 2-(benzylsulfanyl)anilinide ligand, a chloride ligand and the thiolate S atom of a bridging 1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiolate ligand, while the central Pd(II) core shows an all N-coordinated square-planar geometry. The geometry is perfectly planar within the PdN4 core and the N-Pd-N bond angles differ significantly [84.72 (15)° for the N atoms of ligands coordinated to the same outer Pd atom and 95.28 (15)° for the N atoms of ligands coordinated to different outer Pd atoms]. This trinuclear Pd3 complex is the first example of one in which 1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiolate ligands are only N-coordinated to one Pd centre. The 1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiolate ligands were formed in situ from 2-(benzylsulfanyl)aniline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward D Cross
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Breton University, 1250 Grand Lake Road, Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada B1P 6L2
| | - Kristen L MacDonald
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Breton University, 1250 Grand Lake Road, Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada B1P 6L2
| | - Robert McDonald
- X-ray Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Matthias Bierenstiel
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Breton University, 1250 Grand Lake Road, Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada B1P 6L2
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Barbosa AF, Sangiorgi BB, Galdino SL, Barral-Netto M, Pitta IR, Pinheiro AL. Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) using phenothiazine derivatives as photosensitizers againstLeishmania braziliensis. Lasers Surg Med 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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The receptor-dependent LQTA-QSAR: application to a set of trypanothione reductase inhibitors. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2012; 26:1055-65. [PMID: 22972559 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-012-9598-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A new Receptor-Dependent LQTA-QSAR approach, RD-LQTA-QSAR, is proposed as a new 4D-QSAR method. It is an evolution of receptor independent LQTA-QSAR. This approach uses the free GROMACS package to carry out molecular dynamics simulations and generates a conformational ensemble profile for each compound. Such an ensemble is used to build molecular interaction field-based QSAR models, as in CoMFA. To show the potential of this methodology, a set of 38 phenothiazine derivatives that are specific competitive T. cruzi trypanothione reductase inhibitors, was chosen. Using a combination of molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations, the binding mode of the phenotiazine derivatives was evaluated in a simulated induced fit approach. The ligands alignments were performed using both ligand and binding site atoms, enabling unbiased alignment. The models obtained were extensively validated by leave-N-out cross-validation and y-randomization techniques to test for their robustness and absence of chance correlation. The final model presented Q(2) LOO of 0.87 and R² of 0.92 and a suitable external prediction of [Formula: see text]= 0.78. The adapted binding site obtained is useful to perform virtual screening and ligand structure-based design and the descriptors in the final model can aid in the design new inhibitors.
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Moosun S, Joule JA, Bhowon MG, Jhaumeer-Laulloo S. Antibacterial, Antioxidant and Binding Studies of Some Novel Diaryl Sulphide Derivatives. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2012.685996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Salma Moosun
- a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , University of Mauritius , Réduit , Mauritius
| | - John A. Joule
- b The School of Chemistry , The University of Manchester , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK
| | - Minu G. Bhowon
- a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , University of Mauritius , Réduit , Mauritius
| | - Sabina Jhaumeer-Laulloo
- a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , University of Mauritius , Réduit , Mauritius
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Patterson S, Alphey MS, Jones DC, Shanks EJ, Street IP, Frearson JA, Wyatt PG, Gilbert IH, Fairlamb AH. Dihydroquinazolines as a novel class of Trypanosoma brucei trypanothione reductase inhibitors: discovery, synthesis, and characterization of their binding mode by protein crystallography. J Med Chem 2011; 54:6514-30. [PMID: 21851087 PMCID: PMC3188286 DOI: 10.1021/jm200312v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Trypanothione reductase (TryR) is a genetically validated drug target in the parasite Trypanosoma brucei , the causative agent of human African trypanosomiasis. Here we report the discovery, synthesis, and development of a novel series of TryR inhibitors based on a 3,4-dihydroquinazoline scaffold. In addition, a high resolution crystal structure of TryR, alone and in complex with substrates and inhibitors from this series, is presented. This represents the first report of a high resolution complex between a noncovalent ligand and this enzyme. Structural studies revealed that upon ligand binding the enzyme undergoes a conformational change to create a new subpocket which is occupied by an aryl group on the ligand. Therefore, the inhibitor, in effect, creates its own small binding pocket within the otherwise large, solvent exposed active site. The TryR-ligand structure was subsequently used to guide the synthesis of inhibitors, including analogues that challenged the induced subpocket. This resulted in the development of inhibitors with improved potency against both TryR and T. brucei parasites in a whole cell assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Patterson
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee , Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K
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Arroyo Y, Sanz-Tejedor MA, Alonso I, García-Ruano JL. Synthesis of Optically Pure vic-Sulfanyl Amines Mediated by a Remote Sulfinyl Group. Org Lett 2011; 13:4534-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol201696y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Arroyo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica (EII), Universidad de Valladolid, Po del Cauce 59, 47011 Valladolid, Spain, and Departamento de Química Orgánica (C-I), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Ascensión Sanz-Tejedor
- Departamento de Química Orgánica (EII), Universidad de Valladolid, Po del Cauce 59, 47011 Valladolid, Spain, and Departamento de Química Orgánica (C-I), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Alonso
- Departamento de Química Orgánica (EII), Universidad de Valladolid, Po del Cauce 59, 47011 Valladolid, Spain, and Departamento de Química Orgánica (C-I), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - José L. García-Ruano
- Departamento de Química Orgánica (EII), Universidad de Valladolid, Po del Cauce 59, 47011 Valladolid, Spain, and Departamento de Química Orgánica (C-I), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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A fast virtual screening approach to identify structurally diverse inhibitors of trypanothione reductase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:5255-8. [PMID: 21807515 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Trypanothione reductase (TryR) is one of the favorite targets for those designing drugs for the treatment of Chagas disease. We present the application of a fast virtual screening approach for designing hit compounds active against TryR. Our protocol combines information derived from structurally known inhibitors and from the TryR receptor structure. Five structurally diverse hit compounds active against TryR and holding promise for the treatment of Chagas disease are reported.
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