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Radosevich AJ, Martin RL, Buck WR, Hicks L, Wilsey A, Pan JY. In-vitro modeling of intravenous drug precipitation by the optical spatial precipitation analyzer (OSPREY). Int J Pharm 2023; 636:122842. [PMID: 36925024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Intravenous (IV) administration of poorly water-soluble small molecule therapeutics can lead to precipitation during mixing with blood. This can limit characterization of pharmacological and safety endpoints in preclinical models. Most often, tests of kinetic and thermodynamic solubility are used to optimize the formulation for solubility prior to infusion in animals, but these do not capture the dynamic precipitation processes that take place during in-vivo administration. To better capture the fluid dynamic processes that occur during IV administration, we developed the Optical Spatial PREcipitation analYzer (OSPREY) as a method to quantify the amount and size of compound precipitates in whole blood using a flow-through system that mimics IV administration. Here, we describe the OSPREY device and its underlying imaging processing methods. We then validate the ability to accurately segment particles according to their size using monodisperse suspensions of microspheres (diameter 50 to 425 µm). Next, we use a tool compound, ABT-737, to study the effects of compound concentration, vessel flow rate, compound infusion rate and vessel diameter on precipitation. Finally, we use the physiological diameter and flow rate of rat femoral vein and dog saphenous vein to demonstrate the potential of OSPREY to model in-vivo precipitation in a controlled, dynamic in-vitro assay.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruth L Martin
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, United States
| | - Wayne R Buck
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, United States
| | - Lauren Hicks
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, United States
| | - Amanda Wilsey
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, United States
| | - Jeffrey Y Pan
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Rd., North Chicago, IL 60064, United States
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2
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Potter LE, Burgess CR. The melanin-concentrating hormone system as a target for the treatment of sleep disorders. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:952275. [PMID: 36177357 PMCID: PMC9513178 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.952275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the widespread prevalence of sleep disorders and their impacts on health, it is critical that researchers continue to identify and evaluate novel avenues of treatment. Recently the melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) system has attracted commercial and scientific interest as a potential target of pharmacotherapy for sleep disorders. This interest emerges from basic scientific research demonstrating a role for MCH in regulating sleep, and particularly REM sleep. In addition to this role in sleep regulation, the MCH system and the MCH receptor 1 (MCHR1) have been implicated in a wide variety of other physiological functions and behaviors, including feeding/metabolism, reward, anxiety, depression, and learning. The basic research literature on sleep and the MCH system, and the history of MCH drug development, provide cause for both skepticism and cautious optimism about the prospects of MCH-targeting drugs in sleep disorders. Extensive efforts have focused on developing MCHR1 antagonists for use in obesity, however, few of these drugs have advanced to clinical trials, and none have gained regulatory approval. Additional basic research will be needed to fully characterize the MCH system’s role in sleep regulation, for example, to fully differentiate between MCH-neuron and peptide/receptor-mediated functions. Additionally, a number of issues relating to drug design will continue to pose a practical challenge for novel pharmacotherapies targeting the MCH system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam E. Potter
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Liam E. Potter,
| | - Christian R. Burgess
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Christian R. Burgess,
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3
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Fryer RM, Patel M, Zhang X, Baum-Kroker KS, Muthukumarana A, Linehan B, Tseng YC. Physical Properties and Effect in a Battery of Safety Pharmacology Models for Three Structurally Distinct Enteric Polymers Employed as Spray-Dried Dispersion Carriers. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:368. [PMID: 27790142 PMCID: PMC5062032 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishing a wide therapeutic index (TI) for pre-clinical safety is important during lead optimization (LO) in research, prior to clinical development, although is often limited by a molecules physiochemical characteristics. Recent advances in the application of the innovative vibrating mesh spray-drying technology to prepare amorphous solid dispersions may offer an opportunity to achieve high plasma concentrations of poorly soluble NCEs to enable testing and establishment of a wide TI in safety pharmacology studies. While some of the amorphous solid dispersion carriers are generally recognized as safe for clinical use, whether they are sufficiently benign to enable in vivo pharmacology studies has not been sufficiently demonstrated. Thus, the physical properties, and effect in a battery of in vivo safety pharmacology models, were assessed in three classes of polymers employed as spray-dried dispersion carriers. The polymers (HPMC-AS, Eudragit, PVAP) displayed low affinity with acetone/methanol, suitable for solvent-based spray drying. The water sorption of the polymers was moderate, and the degree of hysteresis of HPMC-AS was smaller than Eudragit and PVAP indicating the intermolecular interaction of water-cellulose molecules is weaker than water-acrylate or water-polyvinyl molecules. The polymer particles were well-suspended without aggregation with a mean particle size less than 3 μm in an aqueous vehicle. When tested in conscious Wistar Han rats in safety pharmacology models (n = 6–8/dose/polymer) investigating effects on CNS, gastrointestinal, and cardiovascular function, no liabilities were identified at any dose tested (30–300 mg/kg PO, suspension). In brief, the polymers had no effect in a modified Irwin test that included observational and evoked endpoints related to stereotypies, excitation, sedation, pain/anesthesia, autonomic balance, reflexes, and others. No effect of the polymers on gastric emptying or intestinal transit was observed when measured using a barium sulfate tracer material. Finally, in telemetry-instrumented rats the polymers had no effect on acute or 24-h mean blood pressure and heart rate values at doses up to 300 mg/kg. Thus, the properties of the three enteric polymers are appropriate as spray-dried dispersion carriers and were benign in a battery of safety pharmacology studies, demonstrating their applicability to enable in vivo safety pharmacology profiling of poorly soluble molecules during LO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Fryer
- Cardiometabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc. Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Mita Patel
- Small Molecule Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc. Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Cardiometabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc. Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Katja S Baum-Kroker
- Drug Discovery Support, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc. Biberach, Germany
| | - Akalushi Muthukumarana
- Cardiometabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc. Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Brian Linehan
- Small Molecule Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc. Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Yin-Chao Tseng
- Small Molecule Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc. Ridgefield, CT, USA
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Boughton CK, Murphy KG. Can neuropeptides treat obesity? A review of neuropeptides and their potential role in the treatment of obesity. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 170:1333-48. [PMID: 23121386 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Obesity is a major worldwide public health issue. The physiological systems that regulate body weight are thus of great interest as targets for anti-obesity agents. Peptidergic systems are critical to the regulation of energy homeostasis by key regions in the hypothalamus and brainstem. A number of neuropeptide systems have therefore been investigated as potential treatments for obesity. Blocking orexigenic peptide signals such as neuropeptide Y, melanin-concentrating hormone, orexins, relaxin-3 and galanin-like peptide or stimulating anorectic signalling pathways used by peptides such as the melanocortins, ciliary neurotrophic factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor, are approaches that have shown some promise, but which have also highlighted possible concerns. Manipulation of central peptidergic systems poses a number of therapeutic problems, including brain access and side effects. Given that the homeostatic defence of body weight may limit the effectiveness of any single-target therapy developed, a combination therapy approach may offer the best hope for the effective prevention and treatment of obesity. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Neuropeptides. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2013.170.issue-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Boughton
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
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Gaspar A, Matos MJ, Garrido J, Uriarte E, Borges F. Chromone: A Valid Scaffold in Medicinal Chemistry. Chem Rev 2014; 114:4960-92. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400265z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 472] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Gaspar
- CIQUP/Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago of Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria João Matos
- CIQUP/Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago of Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jorge Garrido
- CIQUP/Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering (ISEP), Polytechnic of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eugenio Uriarte
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago of Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Fernanda Borges
- CIQUP/Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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6
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Fryer RM, Ng KJ, Nodop Mazurek SG, Patnaude L, Skow DJ, Muthukumarana A, Gilpin KE, Dinallo RM, Kuzmich D, Lord J, Sanyal S, Yu H, Harcken C, Cerny MA, Cerny MC, Hickey ER, Modis LK. G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 stimulation mediates arterial vasodilation through a K(Ca)1.1 (BK(Ca))-dependent mechanism. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 348:421-31. [PMID: 24399854 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.113.210005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) and BA receptors, including G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR1), represent novel targets for the treatment of metabolic and inflammatory disorders. However, BAs elicit myriad effects on cardiovascular function, although this has not been specifically ascribed to GPBAR1. This study was designed to test whether stimulation of GPBAR1 elicits effects on cardiovascular function that are mechanism based that can be identified in acute ex vivo and in vivo cardiovascular models, to delineate whether effects were due to pathways known to be modulated by BAs, and to establish whether a therapeutic window between in vivo cardiovascular liabilities and on-target efficacy could be defined. The results demonstrated that the infusion of three structurally diverse and selective GPBAR1 agonists produced marked reductions in vascular tone and blood pressure in dog, but not in rat, as well as reflex tachycardia and a positive inotropic response, effects that manifested in an enhanced cardiac output. Changes in cardiovascular function were unrelated to modulation of the levothyroxine/thyroxine axis and were nitric oxide independent. A direct effect on vascular tone was confirmed in dog isolated vascular rings, whereby concentration-dependent decreases in tension that were tightly correlated with reductions in vascular tone observed in vivo and were blocked by iberiotoxin. Compound concentrations in which cardiovascular effects occurred, both ex vivo and in vivo, could not be separated from those necessary for modulation of GPBAR1-mediated efficacy, resulting in project termination. These results are the first to clearly demonstrate direct and potent peripheral arterial vasodilation due to GPBAR1 stimulation in vivo through activation of large conductance Ca(2+) activated potassium channel K(Ca)1.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Fryer
- Departments of Cardiometabolic Diseases Research (R.M.F., K.J.N., S.G.N.M., A.M.), Immunology and Inflammation (L.P., L.K.M.), and Medicinal Chemistry (D.J.S., K.E.G., R.M.D., D.K., J.L., S.S., H.Y., C.H., M.C.C., E.R.H.), Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut
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7
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Fryer RM, Muthukumarana A, Harrison PC, Nodop Mazurek S, Chen RR, Harrington KE, Dinallo RM, Horan JC, Patnaude L, Modis LK, Reinhart GA. The clinically-tested S1P receptor agonists, FTY720 and BAF312, demonstrate subtype-specific bradycardia (S1P₁) and hypertension (S1P₃) in rat. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52985. [PMID: 23285242 PMCID: PMC3532212 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phospate (S1P) and S1P receptor agonists elicit mechanism-based effects on cardiovascular function in vivo. Indeed, FTY720 (non-selective S1P(X) receptor agonist) produces modest hypertension in patients (2-3 mmHg in 1-yr trial) as well as acute bradycardia independent of changes in blood pressure. However, the precise receptor subtypes responsible is controversial, likely dependent upon the cardiovascular response in question (e.g. bradycardia, hypertension), and perhaps even species-dependent since functional differences in rodent, rabbit, and human have been suggested. Thus, we characterized the S1P receptor subtype specificity for each compound in vitro and, in vivo, the cardiovascular effects of FTY720 and the more selective S1P₁,₅ agonist, BAF312, were tested during acute i.v. infusion in anesthetized rats and after oral administration for 10 days in telemetry-instrumented conscious rats. Acute i.v. infusion of FTY720 (0.1, 0.3, 1.0 mg/kg/20 min) or BAF312 (0.5, 1.5, 5.0 mg/kg/20 min) elicited acute bradycardia in anesthetized rats demonstrating an S1P₁ mediated mechanism-of-action. However, while FTY720 (0.5, 1.5, 5.0 mg/kg/d) elicited dose-dependent hypertension after multiple days of oral administration in rat at clinically relevant plasma concentrations (24-hr mean blood pressure = 8.4, 12.8, 16.2 mmHg above baseline vs. 3 mmHg in vehicle controls), BAF312 (0.3, 3.0, 30.0 mg/kg/d) had no significant effect on blood pressure at any dose tested suggesting that hypertension produced by FTY720 is mediated S1P₃ receptors. In summary, in vitro selectivity results in combination with studies performed in anesthetized and conscious rats administered two clinically tested S1P agonists, FTY720 or BAF312, suggest that S1P₁ receptors mediate bradycardia while hypertension is mediated by S1P₃ receptor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Fryer
- Department of Cardiometabolic Disease Research, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut, United States of America.
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9
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Fryer RM, Muthukumarana A, Chen RR, Smith JD, Mazurek SN, Harrington KE, Dinallo RM, Burke J, DiCapua FM, Guo X, Kirrane TM, Snow RJ, Zhang Y, Soleymanzadeh F, Madwed JB, Kashem MA, Kugler SZ, O'Neill MM, Harrison PC, Reinhart GA, Boyer SJ. Mitigation of off-target adrenergic binding and effects on cardiovascular function in the discovery of novel ribosomal S6 kinase 2 inhibitors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011; 340:492-500. [PMID: 22128344 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.111.189365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported the discovery of a novel ribosomal S6 kinase 2 (RSK2) inhibitor, (R)-5-Methyl-1-oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-[1,4]diazepino[1,2-a] indole-8-carboxylic acid [1-(3-dimethylamino-propyl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-amide (BIX 02565), with high potency (IC(50) = 1.1 nM) targeted for the treatment of heart failure. In the present study, we report that despite nanomolar potency at the target, BIX 02565 elicits off-target binding at multiple adrenergic receptor subtypes that are important in the control of vascular tone and cardiac function. To elucidate in vivo the functional consequence of receptor binding, we characterized the cardiovascular (CV) profile of the compound in an anesthetized rat CV screen and telemetry-instrumented conscious rats. Infusion of BIX 02565 (1, 3, and 10 mg/kg) in the rat CV screen resulted in a precipitous decrease in both mean arterial pressure (MAP; to -65 ± 6 mm Hg below baseline) and heart rate (-93 ± 13 beats/min). In telemetry-instrumented rats, BIX 02565 (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg p.o. QD for 4 days) elicited concentration-dependent decreases in MAP after each dose (to -39 ± 4 mm Hg on day 4 at T(max)); analysis by Demming regression demonstrated strong correlation independent of route of administration and influence of anesthesia. Because of pronounced off-target effects of BIX 02565 on cardiovascular function, a high-throughput selectivity screen at adrenergic α(1A) and α(2A) was performed for 30 additional RSK2 inhibitors in a novel chemical series; a wide range of adrenergic binding was achieved (0-92% inhibition), allowing for differentiation within the series. Eleven lead compounds with differential binding were advanced to the rat CV screen for in vivo profiling. This led to the identification of potent RSK2 inhibitors (cellular IC(50) <0.14 nM) without relevant α(1A) and α(2A) inhibition and no adverse cardiovascular effects in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Fryer
- Department of Cardiometabolic Disease Research, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, CT 06877-0368, USA.
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10
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Fryer RM, Segreti J, Banfor PN, Widomski DL, Backes BJ, Lin CW, Ballaron SJ, Cox BF, Trevillyan JM, Reinhart GA, von Geldern TW. Effect of bradykinin metabolism inhibitors on evoked hypotension in rats: rank efficacy of enzymes associated with bradykinin-mediated angioedema. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 153:947-55. [PMID: 18084312 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Inhibition of bradykinin metabolizing enzymes (BMEs) can cause acute angioedema, as demonstrated in a recent clinical trial in patients administered the antihypertensive, omapatrilat. However, the relative contribution of specific BMEs to this effect is unclear and confounded by the lack of a predictive pre-clinical model of angioedema. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Rats were instrumented to record blood pressure and heart rate; inhibitors were infused for 35 min and bradykinin was infused during the last 5 min to elicit hypotension, as a functional marker of circulating bradykinin and relative angioedema risk. KEY RESULTS In the presence of omapatrilat bradykinin produced dose-dependent hypotension, an effect abolished by B(2) blockade. In the presence of lisinopril (ACE inhibitor), but not candoxatril (NEP inhibitor) or apstatin (APP inhibitor), bradykinin also elicited hypotension. Lisinopril-mediated hypotension was unchanged with concomitant blockade of NEP or NEP/DPPIV (candoxatril+A-899301). However, hypotension was enhanced upon concomitant blockade of APP and further intensified in the presence of NEP inhibition to values not different from omapatrilat alone. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We demonstrated that bradykinin is degraded in vivo with an enzyme rank-efficacy of ACE>APP>>NEP or DPPIV. These results suggest the effects of omapatrilat are mediated by inhibition of three BMEs, ACE/APP/NEP. However, dual inhibition of ACE/NEP or ACE/NEP/DPPIV elicits no increased risk of angioedema compared to ACE inhibition alone. Thus, novel BME inhibitors must display no activity against APP to avoid angioedema risk due to high prevalence of ACE inhibitor therapy in patients with diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Fryer
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL 60064-6119, USA.
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11
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Méndez-Andino JL, Wos JA. MCH-R1 antagonists: what is keeping most research programs away from the clinic? Drug Discov Today 2007; 12:972-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2007.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2007] [Revised: 08/08/2007] [Accepted: 08/21/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Rokosz LL. Discovery and development of melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1 antagonists for the treatment of obesity. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2007; 2:1301-27. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2.10.1301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Su J, Tang H, McKittrick BA, Gu H, Guo T, Qian G, Burnett DA, Clader JW, Greenlee WJ, Hawes BE, O'neill K, Spar B, Weig B, Kowalski T, Sorota S. Synthesis of novel bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane and bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane derivatives as melanin-concentrating hormone receptor R1 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:4845-50. [PMID: 17604169 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2007] [Revised: 06/11/2007] [Accepted: 06/13/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
To address the hERG liability of MCHR1 antagonists such as 1 and 2, new analogs such as 4 and 5 that incorporated a polar heteroaryl group were designed and synthesized. Biological evaluation confirmed that these new analogs retained MCH R1 activity with greatly attenuated hERG liabilities as indicated in the Rb efflux assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Su
- Department of Chemical Research, Schering-Plough Research Institute K15 2545, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA.
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Su J, McKittrick BA, Tang H, Burnett DA, Clader JW, Greenlee WJ, Hawes BE, O'Neill K, Spar B, Weig B, Kowalski T, Sorota S, Li C, Liu T. SAR study of bicyclo[4.1.0]heptanes as melanin-concentrating hormone receptor R1 antagonists: Taming hERG. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:5369-85. [PMID: 17572094 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.05.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2007] [Revised: 05/23/2007] [Accepted: 05/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To improve the ex vivo potency of MCH inhibitor 1a and to address its hERG liability, a structure-activity study was carried out, focusing on three regions of the lead structure. Introduction of new side chains with basic nitrogen improved in vitro and ex vivo bindings. Many potent compounds with K(i)<10nM were discovered (compounds 6a-j) and several compounds (14-17) had excellent ex vivo binding at 6h and 24h. Attenuating the basicity of nitrogen on the side chain, and in particular, introduction of a polar group such as aminomethyl on the distal phenyl ring significantly lowered the hERG activity. Further replacement of the distal phenyl group with heteroaryl groups in the cyclohexene series provided compounds such as 28l with excellent ex vivo activity with much reduced hERG liability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Su
- Department of Chemical Research, Schering-Plough Research Institute K15 2545, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
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15
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Zhang M, Tamiya J, Nguyen L, Rowbottom MW, Dyck B, Vickers TD, Grey J, Schwarz DA, Heise CE, Haelewyn J, Mistry MS, Goodfellow VS. Thienopyrimidinone bis-aminopyrrolidine ureas as potent melanin-concentrating hormone receptor-1 (MCH-R1) antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:2535-9. [PMID: 17329101 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2007] [Revised: 02/05/2007] [Accepted: 02/06/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of thienopyrimidinone bis-aminopyrrolidine ureas were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their ability to bind melanin-concentrating hormone receptor-1. These compounds exhibit potent binding affinity (K(i)=3 nM) and good in vitro metabolic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology and Molecular Biology, Neurocrine Biosciences Inc., 12790 El Camino Real, San Diego, CA 92130, USA
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16
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Judd AS, Souers AJ, Wodka D, Zhao G, Mulhern MM, Iyengar RR, Gao J, Lynch JK, Freeman JC, Falls HD, Brodjian S, Dayton BD, Reilly RM, Gintant G, Limberis JT, Mikhail A, Leitza ST, Houseman KA, Diaz G, Bush EN, Shapiro R, Knourek-Segel V, Hernandez LE, Marsh KC, Sham HL, Collins CA, Kym PR. Identification of diamino chromone-2-carboxamides as MCHr1 antagonists with minimal hERG channel activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:2365-71. [PMID: 17350253 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2006] [Revised: 11/14/2006] [Accepted: 11/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of potent 2-carboxychromone-based melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1 (MCHr1) antagonists were synthesized and evaluated for hERG (human Ether-a-go-go Related Gene) channel affinity and functional blockade. Basic dialkylamine-terminated analogs were found to weakly bind the hERG channel and provided marked improvement in a functional patch-clamp assay versus previously reported antagonists of the series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Judd
- Metabolic Disease Research, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA.
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17
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Iyengar RR, Lynch JK, Mulhern MM, Judd AS, Freeman JC, Gao J, Souers AJ, Zhao G, Wodka D, Doug Falls H, Brodjian S, Dayton BD, Reilly RM, Swanson S, Su Z, Martin RL, Leitza ST, Houseman KA, Diaz G, Collins CA, Sham HL, Kym PR. An evaluation of 3,4-methylenedioxy phenyl replacements in the aminopiperidine chromone class of MCHr1 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:874-8. [PMID: 17234405 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.11.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2006] [Revised: 11/16/2006] [Accepted: 11/20/2006] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The optimization of potent MCHr1 antagonist 1 with respect to improving its in vitro profile by replacement of the 3,4-methylenedioxy phenyl (piperonyl) moiety led to the discovery of 19, a compound that showed excellent MCHr1 binding and functional potencies in addition to possessing superior hERG separation, CYP3A4 profile, and receptor cross-reactivity profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh R Iyengar
- Metabolic Disease Research, Metabolic Disease Research, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA.
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18
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Liu G, Zhao H, Liu B, Xin Z, Liu M, Serby MD, Lubbers NL, Widomski DL, Polakowski JS, Beno DWA, Trevillyan JM, Sham HL. Hemodynamic effects of potent and selective JNK inhibitors in anesthetized rats: Implication for targeting protein kinases in metabolic diseases. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:495-500. [PMID: 17055723 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2006] [Revised: 10/05/2006] [Accepted: 10/05/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The hemodynamic effects of a series of potent and selective 4-aminopyridine carboxamide-based pan-JNK inhibitors were assessed in an anesthetized rat model. The effects of these agents on mean arterial pressure, heart rate, cardiac contractility, and peripheral vascular resistance are described, and the implication for targeting protein kinases in metabolic diseases is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Metabolic Disease Research, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL 60064-6101, USA.
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19
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Goodnow RA, Gillespie P. 1Hit and Lead Identification: Efficient Practices for Drug Discovery. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2007; 45:1-61. [PMID: 17280901 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6468(06)45501-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Goodnow
- Discovery Chemistry, Roche Research Center, Nutley, NJ 07110-1199, USA
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20
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Méndez-Andino JL, Colson AO, Meyers KM, Mitchell MC, Hodge K, Howard JM, Kim N, Ackley DC, Holbert JK, Mittelstadt SW, Dowty ME, Obringer CM, Suchanek P, Reizes O, Hu XE, Wos JA. The efficacy and cardiac evaluation of aminomethyl tetrahydronaphthalene ketopiperazines: a novel class of potent MCH-R1 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 15:2092-105. [PMID: 17236777 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2006] [Revised: 11/18/2006] [Accepted: 12/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The design, synthesis, and biological studies of a novel class of MCH-R1 antagonists based on an aminotetrahydronaphthalene ketopiperazine scaffold is described. Compounds within this class promoted significant body weight reduction in mouse diet induced obesity studies. The potential for hERG blockage activity and QT interval studies in anesthetized dogs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Méndez-Andino
- Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals, 8700 Mason-Montgomery Road, Mason, OH 45039, USA.
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21
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Novel mechanisms to treat depression and anxiety: Will neuropeptide antagonists succeed? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ddstr.2006.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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22
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Souers AJ, Iyengar RR, Judd AS, Beno DWA, Gao J, Zhao G, Brune ME, Napier JJ, Mulhern MM, Lynch JK, Freeman JC, Wodka D, Chen CJ, Falls HD, Brodjian S, Dayton BD, Diaz GJ, Bush EN, Shapiro R, Droz BA, Knourek-Segel V, Hernandez LE, Marsh KC, Reilly RM, Sham HL, Collins CA, Kym PR. Constrained 7-fluorocarboxychromone-4-aminopiperidine based Melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1 antagonists: the effects of chirality on substituted indan-1-ylamines. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 17:884-9. [PMID: 17188866 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2006] [Revised: 11/14/2006] [Accepted: 11/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of constrained tertiary amines into an existing class of N-benzyl-4-aminopiperidinyl chromone-based MCHr1 antagonists led to the identification of a series of chiral racemic compounds that displayed good to excellent functional potency, binding affinity, and selectivity over the hERG channel. Further separation of two distinct chiral racemic compounds into their corresponding pairs of enantiomers revealed a considerable selectivity for MCHr1 for one configuration, in addition to a striking difference in oral exposure between one pair of enantiomers in diet-induced obese mice. Oral administration of the most potent compound in this class in the same animal model led to significant reduction of fat mass in a semi-chronic model for weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Souers
- Metabolic Disease Research, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA.
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23
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Dyck B, Zhao L, Tamiya J, Pontillo J, Hudson S, Ching B, Heise CE, Wen J, Norton C, Madan A, Schwarz D, Wade W, Goodfellow VS. Substituted chromones and quinolones as potent melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:4237-42. [PMID: 16762549 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.05.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2006] [Revised: 05/19/2006] [Accepted: 05/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of substituted chromones were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their ability to bind melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1. Compounds with subnanomolar binding affinity and 66% oral bioavailability in rats were discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Dyck
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Neurocrine Biosciences Inc., San Diego, CA 92130, USA.
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24
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Centrally Acting Anti-Obesity Agents. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(06)41005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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