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Biswas S, Roy A, Duari S, Maity S, Elsharif AM, Biswas S. Brønsted acid-catalyzed regioselective ring opening of 2 H-azirines by 2-mercaptopyridines and related heterocycles; one pot access to imidazo[1,2- a]pyridines and imidazo[2,1- b]thiazoles. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:4697-4703. [PMID: 38775270 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00410h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
A catalytic and versatile synthetic method for the synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines has been developed. Brønsted acid-catalysis plays a major role in the regioselective ring opening of 2H-azirines. Nucleophilic attack via the N-centre of mercaptopyridines and their analogues, followed by cyclisation by cleaving the C-S bond, allowed a library of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines and related heterocycles to be built. The reaction protocol has been applied to various 2H-azirines, 2-mercaptopyridines, and thiazole-2-thiols, illustrating the generality of reaction conditions. The practical applications include the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, such as anti-tumor agents. This study introduces a novel approach to the synthesis of functional molecules with extensive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Biswas
- Dept. of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata - 700 009, West Bengal, India.
| | - Arnab Roy
- Dept. of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata - 700 009, West Bengal, India.
| | - Surajit Duari
- Dept. of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata - 700 009, West Bengal, India.
| | - Srabani Maity
- Dept. of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata - 700 009, West Bengal, India.
| | - Asma M Elsharif
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Srijit Biswas
- Dept. of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A. P. C. Road, Kolkata - 700 009, West Bengal, India.
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Majirská M, Bago Pilátová M, Kudličková Z, Vojtek M, Diniz C. Targeting hematological malignancies with isoxazole derivatives. Drug Discov Today 2024:104059. [PMID: 38871112 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.104059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Compounds with a heterocyclic isoxazole ring are well known for their diverse biologic activities encompassing antimicrobial, antipsychotic, immunosuppressive, antidiabetic and anticancer effects. Recent studies on hematological malignancies have also shown that some of the isoxazole-derived compounds feature encouraging cancer selectivity, low toxicity to normal cells and ability to overcome cancer drug resistance of conventional treatments. These characteristics are particularly promising because patients with hematological malignancies face poor clinical outcomes caused by cancer drug resistance or relapse of the disease. This review summarizes the knowledge on isoxazole-derived compounds toward hematological malignancies and provides clues on their mechanism(s) of action (apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, ROS production) and putative pharmacological targets (c-Myc, BET, ATR, FLT3, HSP90, CARM1, tubulin, PD-1/PD-L1, HDACs) wherever known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Majirská
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Slovakia
| | - Martina Bago Pilátová
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Zuzana Kudličková
- NMR Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Slovakia
| | - Martin Vojtek
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Carmen Diniz
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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3
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Wang X, DeFilippis RA, Yan W, Shah NP, Li HY. Overcoming Secondary Mutations of Type II Kinase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 38837951 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Type II kinase inhibitors bind in the "DFG-out" kinase conformation and are generally considered to be more potent and selective than type I inhibitors, which target a DFG-in conformation. Nine type II inhibitors are currently clinically approved, with more undergoing clinical development. Resistance-conferring secondary mutations emerged with the first series of type II inhibitors, most commonly at residues within the kinase activation loop and at the "gatekeeper" position. Recently, new inhibitors have been developed to overcome such mutations; however, mutations activating other pathways (and/or other targets) have subsequently emerged on occasion. Here, we systematically summarize the secondary mutations that confer resistance to type II inhibitors, the structural basis for resistance, newer inhibitors designed to overcome resistance, as well as the challenges and opportunities for the development of new inhibitors to overcome secondary kinase domain mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Rosa Anna DeFilippis
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, United States
| | - Neil P Shah
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Hong-Yu Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, United States
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Mohebbi A, Shahriyary F, Farrokhi V, Bandar B, Saki N. A systematic review of second-generation FLT3 inhibitors for treatment of patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Res 2024; 141:107505. [PMID: 38692232 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2024.107505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a complex disease with diverse mutations, including prevalent mutations in the FMS-like receptor tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) gene that lead to poor prognosis. Recent advancements have introduced FLT3 inhibitors that have improved outcomes for FLT3-mutated AML patients, however, questions remain on their application in complex conditions such as relapsed/refractory (R/R) disease. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of second-generation FLT3 inhibitors in treating patients with R/R AML. METHODS A systematic literature search of PubMed, MEDLINE, SCOPUS and Google Scholar databases was made to identify relevant studies up to January 30, 2024. This study was conducted following the guidelines of the PRISMA. RESULTS The ADMIRAL trial revealed significantly improved overall survival and complete remission rates with gilteritinib compared to salvage chemotherapy, with manageable adverse effects. Ongoing research explores its potential in combination therapies, showing synergistic effects with venetoclax and promising outcomes in various clinical trials. The QuANTUM-R trial suggested longer overall survival with quizartinib compared to standard chemotherapy, although concerns were raised regarding trial design and cardiotoxicity. Ongoing research explores combination therapies involving quizartinib, such as doublet or triplet regimens with venetoclax, showing promising outcomes in FLT3-mutated AML patients. CONCLUSION These targeted therapies offer promise for managing this subgroup of AML patients, but further research is needed to optimize their use. This study underscores the importance of personalized treatment based on genetic mutations in AML, paving the way for more effective and tailored approaches to combat the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Mohebbi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Shahriyary
- Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vida Farrokhi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bita Bandar
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Najmaldin Saki
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Li J, Gong C, Zhou H, Liu J, Xia X, Ha W, Jiang Y, Liu Q, Xiong H. Kinase Inhibitors and Kinase-Targeted Cancer Therapies: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5489. [PMID: 38791529 PMCID: PMC11122109 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Over 120 small-molecule kinase inhibitors (SMKIs) have been approved worldwide for treating various diseases, with nearly 70 FDA approvals specifically for cancer treatment, focusing on targets like the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family. Kinase-targeted strategies encompass monoclonal antibodies and their derivatives, such as nanobodies and peptides, along with innovative approaches like the use of kinase degraders and protein kinase interaction inhibitors, which have recently demonstrated clinical progress and potential in overcoming resistance. Nevertheless, kinase-targeted strategies encounter significant hurdles, including drug resistance, which greatly impacts the clinical benefits for cancer patients, as well as concerning toxicity when combined with immunotherapy, which restricts the full utilization of current treatment modalities. Despite these challenges, the development of kinase inhibitors remains highly promising. The extensively studied tyrosine kinase family has 70% of its targets in various stages of development, while 30% of the kinase family remains inadequately explored. Computational technologies play a vital role in accelerating the development of novel kinase inhibitors and repurposing existing drugs. Recent FDA-approved SMKIs underscore the importance of blood-brain barrier permeability for long-term patient benefits. This review provides a comprehensive summary of recent FDA-approved SMKIs based on their mechanisms of action and targets. We summarize the latest developments in potential new targets and explore emerging kinase inhibition strategies from a clinical perspective. Lastly, we outline current obstacles and future prospects in kinase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Huihua Xiong
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (J.L.)
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Deng M, Gao Y, Wang P, Du W, Xu G, Li J, Zhou Y, Liu T. Discovery of 5-trifluoromethyl-2-aminopyrimidine derivatives as potent dual inhibitors of FLT3 and CHK1. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:539-552. [PMID: 38389894 PMCID: PMC10880922 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00597f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Here, we discover an FLT3/CHK1 dual inhibitor (30) that exhibits excellent kinase potency and antiproliferative activity against MV4-11 cells. Simultaneously, 30 possesses high selectivity over c-Kit enzyme and low hERG inhibitory ability. Compound 30, meanwhile, overcomes varied resistance in BaF3 cell lines carrying FLT3-TKD and FLT3-ITD mutations. Moreover, 30 demonstrates favorable oral PK properties and kinase selectivity. These conclusions support that compound 30 may be a promising potential FLT3/CHK1 dual agent for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Deng
- ZJU-ENS Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University Zijingang Campus Hangzhou 310058 P.R. China
| | - Yue Gao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023 P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 P.R. China
| | - Peipei Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023 P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Du
- ZJU-ENS Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University Zijingang Campus Hangzhou 310058 P.R. China
| | - Gaoya Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023 P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 P.R. China
| | - Jia Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023 P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 P.R. China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery Yantai 264117 P.R. China
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences Zhongshan 528400 P.R. China
| | - Yubo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 P.R. China
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences Zhongshan 528400 P.R. China
| | - Tao Liu
- ZJU-ENS Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University Zijingang Campus Hangzhou 310058 P.R. China
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 P.R. China
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 P.R. China
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Wang YT, Yang PC, Zhang YF, Sun JF. Synthesis and clinical application of new drugs approved by FDA in 2023. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 265:116124. [PMID: 38183778 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
In 2023, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted approval to a total of 55 new drugs, comprising 29 new chemical entities (NCEs) and 25 new biological entities (NBEs). These drugs primarily focus on oncology, the central nervous system, anti-infection, hematology, cardiovascular, ophthalmology, immunomodulatory and other therapeutic areas. Out of the 55 drugs, 33 (60 %) underwent an accelerated review process and received approval, while 25 (45 %) were specifically approved for the treatment of rare diseases. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the clinical uses and production techniques of 29 newly FDA-approved NCEs in 2023. Our intention is to offer a comprehensive understanding of the synthetic approaches employed in the creation of these drug molecules, with the aim of inspiring the development of novel, efficient, and applicable synthetic methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Tao Wang
- First People's Hospital of Shangqiu, Henan Province, Shangqiu, 476100, China.
| | - Peng-Cheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, College of Pharmacy, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
| | - Yan-Feng Zhang
- Shangqiu Municipal Hospital, Henan Province, Shangqiu, 476100, China.
| | - Jin-Feng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, College of Pharmacy, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China; Rega Institute for Medical Research, Medicinal Chemistry, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49-Box 1041, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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Chirra N, Abburi NP, Rekha EM, Pedapati RK, Bollikanda RK, Murahari M, Sriram D, Sridhar B, Kantevari S. N-Substituted piperazine-coupled imidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles as inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Synthesis, evaluation, and docking studies. Drug Dev Res 2024; 85:e22153. [PMID: 38349258 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
An innovative series of N-substituted piperazine-linked imidazothiazole derivatives 7(a-x) were synthesized, and their antitubercular effectiveness was evaluated. A three-step reaction sequence involving the condensation of 1,3-dichloroacetone and thiourea, coupling with substituted piperazines to give the intermediates 5(a-d) and cyclization with substituted α-bromoacetophenones produced the desired imidazothiazole derivatives 7(a-x) in excellent yields. In vitro screening of new derivatives against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv resulted in 7k (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC]: 0.78 μg/mL) and 7g and 7h (MIC: 1.56 μg/mL) as potent hit compounds. Further, the docking studies of the promising compounds 7k, 7g, and 7h revealed that the best molecular interactions are with the DprE1 in complex with sulfonyl PBTZ of M. tuberculosis as the target protein (PDB ID: 6G83).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraju Chirra
- Fluoro & Agrochemicals Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Naga Pranathi Abburi
- Fluoro & Agrochemicals Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Estharla Madhu Rekha
- Medicinal Chemistry and Antimycobacterial Research Laboratory, Pharmacy Group, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Pedapati
- Fluoro & Agrochemicals Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Bollikanda
- Fluoro & Agrochemicals Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manikanta Murahari
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Division, K L College of Pharmacy, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Dharmarajan Sriram
- Medicinal Chemistry and Antimycobacterial Research Laboratory, Pharmacy Group, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Balasubramanian Sridhar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Centre for X-ray Crystallography, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Srinivas Kantevari
- Fluoro & Agrochemicals Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Wang X, DeFilippis RA, Leung YK, Shah NP, Li HY. N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)-6-(7-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)pyridin-2-amine is an inhibitor of the FLT3-ITD and BCR-ABL pathways, and potently inhibits FLT3-ITD/D835Y and FLT3-ITD/F691L secondary mutants. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:106966. [PMID: 37995643 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Activating mutations within FLT3 make up 30 % of all newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases, with the most common mutation being an internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD) in the juxtamembrane region (25 %). Currently, two generations of FLT3 kinase inhibitors have been developed, with three inhibitors clinically approved. However, treatment of FLT3-ITD mutated AML is limited due to the emergence of secondary clinical resistance, caused by multiple mechanism including on-target FLT3 secondary mutations - FLT3-ITD/D835Y and FLT3-ITD/F691L being the most common, as well as the off-target activation of alternative pathways including the BCR-ABL pathway. Through the screening of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives, N-(3-methoxyphenyl)-6-(7-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)pyridin-2-amine (compound 1) was identified as an inhibitor of both the FLT3-ITD and BCR-ABL pathways. Compound 1 potently inhibits clinically related leukemia cell lines driven by FLT3-ITD, FLT3-ITD/D835Y, FLT3-ITD/F691L, or BCR-ABL. Studies indicate that it mediates proapoptotic effects on cells by inhibiting FLT3 and BCR-ABL pathways, and other possible targets. Compound 1 is more potent against FLT3-ITD than BCR-ABL, and it may have other possible targets; however, compound 1 is first step for further optimization for the development of a balanced FLT3-ITD/BCR-ABL dual inhibitor for the treatment of relapsed FLT3-ITD mutated AML with multiple secondary clinical resistant subtypes such as FLT3-ITD/D835Y, FLT3-ITD/F691L, and cells co-expressing FLT3-ITD and BCR-ABL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Rosa Anna DeFilippis
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yuet-Kin Leung
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Neil P Shah
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hong-Yu Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
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10
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Csenki JT, Novák Z. Iodonium based regioselective double nucleophilic alkene functionalization of a hydrofluoroolefin scaffold. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:726-729. [PMID: 38112008 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04985j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a modular regioselective alkene difunctionalization strategy based on the use of hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) gas as fluorous feedstock material. The transformation of the HFO gas to iodonium salt creates vicinal electrophilic sites readily available for a broad range of nucleophiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- János T Csenki
- MTA-ELTE "Lendület" Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Chemistry, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A, Budapest H-1117, Hungary.
| | - Zoltán Novák
- MTA-ELTE "Lendület" Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Research Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Institute of Chemistry, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A, Budapest H-1117, Hungary.
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11
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Wang X, DeFilippis RA, Weldemichael T, Gunaganti N, Tran P, Leung YK, Shah NP, Li HY. An imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-pyridine derivative potently inhibits FLT3-ITD and FLT3-ITD secondary mutants, including gilteritinib-resistant FLT3-ITD/F691L. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 264:115977. [PMID: 38056299 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
FLT3 activating mutations are detected in approximately 30 % of newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases, most commonly consisting of internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutations in the juxtamembrane region. Recently, several FLT3 inhibitors have demonstrated clinical activity and three are currently approved - midostaurin, quizartinib, and gilteritinib. Midostaurin is a first-generation FLT3 inhibitor with minimal activity as monotherapy. Midostaurin lacks selectivity and is only approved by the USFDA for use in combination with other chemotherapy agents. The second-generation inhibitors quizartinib and gilteritinib display improved specificity and selectivity, and have been approved for use as monotherapy. However, their clinical efficacies are limited in part due to the emergence of drug-resistant FLT3 secondary mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain at positions D835 and F691. Therefore, in order to overcome drug resistance and further improve outcomes, new compounds targeting FLT3-ITD with secondary mutants are urgently needed. In this study, through the structural modification of a reported compound Ling-5e, we identified compound 24 as a FLT3 inhibitor that is equally potent against FLT3-ITD and the clinically relevant mutants FLT3-ITD/D835Y, and FLT3-ITD/F691L. Its inhibitory effects were demonstrated in both cell viability assays and western blots analyses. When tested against cell lines lacking activating mutations in FLT3, no non-specific cytotoxicity effect was observed. Interestingly, molecular docking results showed that compound 24 may adopt different binding conformations with FLT3-F691L compared to FLT3, which may explain its retained activity against FLT3-ITD/F691L. In summary, compound 24 has inhibition potency on FLT3 comparable to gilteritinib, but a more balanced inhibition on FLT3 secondary mutations, especially FLT3-ITD/F691L which is gilteritinib resistant. Compound 24 may serve as a promising lead for the drug development of either primary or relapsed AML with FLT3 secondary mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Rosa Anna DeFilippis
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tsigereda Weldemichael
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Naresh Gunaganti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Phuc Tran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Yuet-Kin Leung
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Neil P Shah
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hong-Yu Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
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12
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Liu W, Bai Y, Zhou L, Jin J, Zhang M, Wang Y, Lin R, Huang W, Ren X, Ma N, Zhou F, Wang Z, Ding K. Discovery of LWY713 as a potent and selective FLT3 PROTAC degrader with in vivo activity against acute myeloid leukemia. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 264:115974. [PMID: 38007910 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) has been validated as a therapeutic target for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). While a number of FLT3 kinase inhibitors have been approved for AML treatment, the clinical data revealed that they cannot achieve complete and sustained suppression of FLT3 signaling at the tolerated dose. Here we report a series of new, potent and selective FLT3 proteolysis targeting chimera degraders. The optimal compound LWY713 potently induced the degradation of FLT3 with a DC50 value of 0.64 nM and a Dmax value of 94.8% in AML MV4-11 cells with FLT3-internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutation. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that LWY713 selectively induced FLT3 degradation in a cereblon- and proteasome-dependent manner. LWY713 potently inhibited FLT3 signaling, suppressed cell proliferation, and induced cell G0/G1-phase arrest and apoptosis in MV4-11 cells. Importantly, LWY713 displayed potent in vivo antitumor activity in MV4-11 xenograft models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #345 Lingling Rd., Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #345 Lingling Rd., Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Licheng Zhou
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 855 Xingye Avenue East, Guangzhou, 511400, China
| | - Jian Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #345 Lingling Rd., Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Meiying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #345 Lingling Rd., Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yongxing Wang
- Livzon Research Institute, Livzon Pharmaceutical Group Inc., #38 Chuangye North Road, Jinwan District, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Runfeng Lin
- Livzon Research Institute, Livzon Pharmaceutical Group Inc., #38 Chuangye North Road, Jinwan District, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Weixue Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #345 Lingling Rd., Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaomei Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #345 Lingling Rd., Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Nan Ma
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 855 Xingye Avenue East, Guangzhou, 511400, China
| | - Fengtao Zhou
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 855 Xingye Avenue East, Guangzhou, 511400, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #345 Lingling Rd., Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ke Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #345 Lingling Rd., Shanghai, 200032, China; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 855 Xingye Avenue East, Guangzhou, 511400, China; Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China.
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13
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Sun SL, Wu JZ, Wang JJ, Zhou H, Zhang CQ, Tong ZJ, Wang YB, Sha JK, Wang QX, Liu JC, Zheng XR, Li QQ, Zhang MY, Yang J, Wei TH, Wang ZX, Yu YC, Ding N, Leng XJ, Xue X, Li HM, Dai WC, Yin XY, Yang Y, Duan JA, Li NG, Shi ZH. Preclinical characterization of danatinib as a novel FLT3 inhibitor with excellent efficacy against resistant acute myeloid leukemia. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 169:115905. [PMID: 38000356 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic benefits of available FLT3 inhibitors for AML are limited by drug resistance, which is related to mutations, as well toxicity caused by off-target effects. In this study, we introduce a new small molecule FLT3 inhibitor called danatinib, which was designed to overcome the limitations of currently approved agents. Danatinib demonstrated greater potency and selectivity, resulting in cytotoxic activity specific to FLT3-ITD and/or FLT3-TKD mutated models. It also showed a superior kinome inhibition profile compared to several currently approved FLT3 inhibitors. In diverse FLT3-TKD models, danatinib exhibited substantially improved activity at clinically relevant doses, outperforming approved FLT3 inhibitors. In vivo safety evaluations performed on the granulopoiesis of transgenic myeloperoxidase (MPO) zebrafish and mice models proved danatinib to have an acceptable safety profile. Danatinib holds promise as a new and improved FLT3 inhibitor for the treatment of AML, offering long-lasting remissions and improved overall survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Liang Sun
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jia-Zhen Wu
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Jing-Jing Wang
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Hai Zhou
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Chen-Qian Zhang
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhen-Jiang Tong
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yi-Bo Wang
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Jiu-Kai Sha
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Qing-Xin Wang
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Jia-Chuan Liu
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Xin-Rui Zheng
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qing-Qing Li
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Meng-Yuan Zhang
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Jin Yang
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Tian-Hua Wei
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Zi-Xuan Wang
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yan-Cheng Yu
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Ning Ding
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Xue-Jiao Leng
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Xin Xue
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - He-Min Li
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Wei-Chen Dai
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Yin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Ye Yang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
| | - Nian-Guang Li
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
| | - Zhi-Hao Shi
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China.
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14
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Niu ZX, Wang YT, Sun JF, Nie P, Herdewijn P. Recent advance of clinically approved small-molecule drugs for the treatment of myeloid leukemia. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 261:115827. [PMID: 37757658 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid leukemia denotes a hematologic malignancy characterized by aberrant proliferation and impaired differentiation of blood progenitor cells within the bone marrow. Despite the availability of several treatment options, the clinical outlook for individuals afflicted with myeloid leukemia continues to be unfavorable, making it a challenging disease to manage. Over the past, substantial endeavors have been dedicated to the identification of novel targets and the advancement of enhanced therapeutic modalities to ameliorate the management of this disease, resulting in the discovery of many clinically approved small-molecule drugs for myeloid leukemia, including histone deacetylase inhibitors, hypomethylating agents, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. This comprehensive review succinctly presents an up-to-date assessment of the application and synthetic routes of clinically sanctioned small-molecule drugs employed in the treatment of myeloid leukemia. Additionally, it provides a concise exploration of the pertinent challenges and prospects encompassing drug resistance and toxicity. Overall, this review effectively underscores the considerable promise exhibited by clinically endorsed small-molecule drugs in the therapeutic realm of myeloid leukemia, while concurrently shedding light on the prospective avenues that may shape the future landscape of drug development within this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Xi Niu
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Ya-Tao Wang
- First People's Hospital of Shangqiu, Henan Province, Shangqiu, 476100, China; Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China.
| | - Jin-Feng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, College of Pharmacy, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China.
| | - Peng Nie
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Medicinal Chemistry, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49-Box 1041, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Piet Herdewijn
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Medicinal Chemistry, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49-Box 1041, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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15
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Sun M, Wang C, Wang P, Ye Q, Zhou Y, Li J, Liu T. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of pyrido.[3,4-b]pyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives as potent FLT3 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 79:117155. [PMID: 36638621 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by fast progression and low survival rates, in which Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) receptor mutations have been identified as driver mutations in a subgroup of AML patients. Herein, we describe the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a novel series of potent pyrido.[3,4-b]pyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives as FLT3 inhibitors. The compounds exhibited moderate to potent FLT3 kinase inhibitory potency and excellent antiproliferative activities against MV4-11 cells. Among them, compound 13 demonstrated the most potent kinase activity against FLT3-D835Y (IC50 = 29.54 ± 4.76 nM) and cellular potency against MV4-11 cells (IC50 = 15.77 ± 0.15 nM). Compound 13 also efficiently inhibited the growth of multiple mutant BaF3 cells expressing FLT3-D835V/F, FLT3-F691L, and FLT3-ITD/D835Y. Furthermore, compound 13 was metabolically stable in mouse liver microsomes. Moreover, the treatment with compound 13 led to robust inhibition of FLT3 autophosphorylation on Tyr589/591 in MV4-11 cells. In summary, our data demonstrated that 13 was worthy of further study for the treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Sun
- ZJU-ENS Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chang Wang
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Peipei Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qingqing Ye
- ZJU-ENS Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yubo Zhou
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, Shandong 264117, China.
| | - Jia Li
- National Center for Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, Shandong 264117, China.
| | - Tao Liu
- ZJU-ENS Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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16
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Song MK, Park BB, Uhm JE. Clinical Efficacies of FLT3 Inhibitors in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012708. [PMID: 36293564 PMCID: PMC9604443 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
FLT3 mutations are the most common genomic alteration detected in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with a worse clinical prognosis. The highly frequent FLT3 mutations, together with the side effects associated with clinical prognosis, make FLT3 promising treatment targets and have provoked the advancement of FLT3 inhibitors. Recently, numerous FLT3 inhibitors were actively developed, and thus the outcomes of this aggressive subtype of AML were significantly improved. Recently, midostaurin and gilteritinib were approved as frontline treatment of AML and as therapeutic agents in the recurred disease by the United States Food and Drug Administration. Recently, numerous promising clinical trials attempted to seek appropriate management in frontline settings, in relapsed/refractory disease, or after stem cell transplantation in AML. This review follows numerous clinical trials about the usefulness of FLT3 inhibitors as frontline therapy, as relapsed/refractory conditioning, and as maintenance therapy of stem cell transplantation. The cumulative data of FLT3 inhibitors would be important clinical evidence for further management with FLT3 inhibitors in AML patients with FLT3 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moo-Kon Song
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Hanyang University Hanmaeum Changwon Hospital, Changwon 51497, Korea
| | - Byeong-Bae Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2290-8114; Fax: +82-2-2290-7112
| | - Ji-Eun Uhm
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 04763, Korea
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17
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Listro R, Rossino G, Piaggi F, Sonekan FF, Rossi D, Linciano P, Collina S. Urea-based anticancer agents. Exploring 100-years of research with an eye to the future. Front Chem 2022; 10:995351. [PMID: 36186578 PMCID: PMC9520293 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.995351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Suramin was the first urea-based drug to be approved in clinic, and in the following century a number of milestone drugs based on this scaffold were developed. Indeed, urea soon became a privileged scaffold in medicinal chemistry for its capability to establish a peculiar network of drug−target interactions, for its physicochemical properties that are useful for tuning the druggability of the new chemical entities, and for its structural and synthetic versatility that opened the door to numerous drug design possibilities. In this review, we highlight the relevance of the urea moiety in the medicinal chemistry scenario of anticancer drugs with a special focus on the kinase inhibitors for which this scaffold represented and still represents a pivotal pharmacophoric feature. A general outlook on the approved drugs, recent patents, and current research in this field is herein provided, and the role of the urea moiety in the drug discovery process is discussed form a medicinal chemistry standpoint. We believe that the present review can benefit both academia and pharmaceutical companies’ medicinal chemists to prompt research towards new urea derivatives as anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Listro
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giacomo Rossino
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Federica Piaggi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Falilat Folasade Sonekan
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniela Rossi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Simona Collina
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- *Correspondence: Simona Collina,
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18
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Asghar F, Shakoor B, Murtaza B, Butler IS. An insight on the different synthetic routes for the facile synthesis of O/S-donor carbamide/thiocarbamide analogs and their miscellaneous pharmacodynamic applications. J Sulphur Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/17415993.2022.2119085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Faiza Asghar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wah, Wah, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Bushra Shakoor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wah, Wah, Pakistan
| | - Babar Murtaza
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ian S. Butler
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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19
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Kumar G, Das C, Acharya A, Bhal S, Joshi M, Kundu CN, Choudhury AR, Guchhait SK. Organocatalyzed umpolung addition for synthesis of heterocyclic-fused arylidene-imidazolones as anticancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 67:116835. [PMID: 35617791 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A strategy of "Nature-to-new" with iterative scaffold-hopping was considered for investigation of privileged ring/functional motif-elaborated analogs of natural aurones. An organocatalyzed umpolung chemistry based method was established for molecular-diversity feasible synthesis of title class of chemotypes i.e. (Z)-2-Arylideneimidazo[1,2-a]pyridinones and (Z)-2-Arylidenebenzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-3-ones. Various biophysical experiments indicated their important biological properties. The analogs showed characteristic anticancer activities with efficiency more than an anticancer drug. The compounds induced apoptosis with arrest in the S phase of the cell cycle regulation. The compounds' significant effect in up/down-regulation of various apoptotic proteins, an apoptosis cascade, and the inhibition of topoisomerases-mediated DNA relaxation process was identified. The analysis of the structure-activity relationship, interference with biological events and the drug-likeness physicochemical properties of the compounds in the acceptable window indicated distinctive medicinal molecule-to-properties of the investigated chemotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulshan Kumar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Chinmay Das
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Orissa 751024, India
| | - Ayan Acharya
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Subhasmita Bhal
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Orissa 751024, India
| | - Mayank Joshi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Sector 81, S. A. S. Nagar, Manauli PO, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Chanakya Nath Kundu
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Orissa 751024, India
| | - Angshuman Roy Choudhury
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Sector 81, S. A. S. Nagar, Manauli PO, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Sankar K Guchhait
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India.
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20
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Acharya B, Saha D, Armstrong D, Lakkaniga NR, Frett B. FLT3 inhibitors for acute myeloid leukemia: successes, defeats, and emerging paradigms. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:798-816. [PMID: 35923716 PMCID: PMC9298189 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00067a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
FLT3 mutations are one of the most common genetic aberrations found in nearly 30% of acute myeloid leukemias (AML). The mutations are associated with poor prognosis despite advances in the understanding of the biological mechanisms of AML. Numerous small molecule FLT3 inhibitors have been developed in an effort to combat AML. Even with the development of these inhibitors, the five-year overall survival for newly diagnosed AML is less than 30%. In 2017, midostaurin received FDA approval to treat AML, which was the first approved FLT3 inhibitor in the U.S. and Europe. Following, gilteritinib received FDA approval in 2018 and in 2019 quizartinib received approval in Japan. This review parallels these clinical success stories along with other pre-clinical and clinical investigations of FLT3 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baku Acharya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR 72205 USA
| | - Debasmita Saha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR 72205 USA
| | - Daniel Armstrong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR 72205 USA
| | - Naga Rajiv Lakkaniga
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad Jharkhand 826004 India
| | - Brendan Frett
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR 72205 USA
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21
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Quantum chemical, spectroscopic, hirshfeld surface and molecular docking studies on 2-aminobenzothiazole. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.132254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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22
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Zhao JC, Agarwal S, Ahmad H, Amin K, Bewersdorf JP, Zeidan AM. A review of FLT3 inhibitors in acute myeloid leukemia. Blood Rev 2022; 52:100905. [PMID: 34774343 PMCID: PMC9846716 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2021.100905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
FLT3 mutations are the most common genetic aberrations found in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and associated with poor prognosis. Since the discovery of FLT3 mutations and their prognostic implications, multiple FLT3-targeted molecules have been evaluated. Midostaurin is approved in the U.S. and Europe for newly diagnosed FLT3 mutated AML in combination with standard induction and consolidation chemotherapy based on data from the RATIFY study. Gilteritinib is approved for relapsed or refractory FLT3 mutated AML as monotherapy based on the ADMIRAL study. Although significant progress has been made in the treatment of AML with FLT3-targeting, many challenges remain. Several drug resistance mechanisms have been identified, including clonal selection, stromal protection, FLT3-associated mutations, and off-target mutations. The benefit of FLT3 inhibitor maintenance therapy, either post-chemotherapy or post-transplant, remains controversial, although several studies are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sonal Agarwal
- Department of Pharmacy, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hiba Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kejal Amin
- Department of Pharmacy, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jan Philipp Bewersdorf
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amer M Zeidan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Hematology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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23
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Tian T, Zhang S, Luo B, Yin F, Lu W, Li Y, Huang K, Liu Q, Huang P, Garcia-Manero G, Wen S, Hu Y. Identification of the Benzoimidazole Compound as a Selective FLT3 Inhibitor by Cell-Based High-Throughput Screening of a Diversity Library. J Med Chem 2022; 65:3597-3605. [PMID: 35148084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c02079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Internal tandem duplication in the FLT3 receptor tyrosine kinase (FLT3/ITD mutation) occurs in approximately 25% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. To specifically target this driver mutation in AML, we assessed and compared the cell-based cytotoxicity of a diversity library (10,000 compounds) against the normal cell line BaF3 and the isogenic leukemic cell line BaF3/ITD. A benzoimidazole scaffold-based compound (HP1142) was identified as the most selective compound against a series of murine and human leukemia cells with FLT3/ITD. Novel benzoimidazole compounds were further designed to improve the aqueous solubility of HP1142. The most potent compound, HP1328, demonstrated desirable pharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic properties. Treatment with HP1328 significantly reduced the leukemia burden and prolonged the survival of mice with FLT3/ITD leukemia. Our findings establish the specific activity of the benzoimidazole compound against FLT3/ITD leukemia and warrant further investigation in this subset of leukemia patients with poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Shengyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China.,Department of Oncology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Bingling Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Feng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Wenhua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Yiqing Li
- Department of Hematology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Kezhi Huang
- Department of Hematology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Peng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - G Garcia-Manero
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Shijun Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Yumin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
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24
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Im D, Jun J, Baek J, Kim H, Kang D, Bae H, Cho H, Hah JM. Rational design and synthesis of 2-(1H-indazol-6-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole derivatives as inhibitors targeting FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) and its mutants. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:472-486. [PMID: 35067150 PMCID: PMC8788362 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.2020772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) has been verified as a therapeutic target for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). In this study, we report a series of 2-(1H-indazol-6-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-5-yl benzamide and phenyl urea derivatives as potent FLT3 inhibitors based on the structural optimisation of previous FLT3 inhibitors. Derivatives were synthesised as benzamide 8a–k, 8n–z, and phenyl urea 8l–m, with various substituents. The most potent inhibitor, 8r, demonstrated strong inhibitory activity against FLT3 and FLT3 mutants with a nanomolar IC50 and high selectivity profiles over 42 protein kinases. In addition, these type II FLT3 inhibitors were more potent against FLT3 mutants correlated with drug resistance. Overall, we provide a theoretical basis for the structural optimisation of novel benzimidazole analogues to develop strong inhibitors against FLT3 mutants for AML therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daseul Im
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Korea
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Center for Proteinopathy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Korea
| | - Joonhong Jun
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Korea
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Center for Proteinopathy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Korea
| | - Jihyun Baek
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Korea
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Center for Proteinopathy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Korea
| | - Haejin Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Korea
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Center for Proteinopathy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Korea
| | - Dahyun Kang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Korea
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Center for Proteinopathy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Korea
| | - Hyunah Bae
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Korea
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Center for Proteinopathy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Korea
| | - Hyunwook Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Korea
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Center for Proteinopathy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Korea
| | - Jung-Mi Hah
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Korea
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Center for Proteinopathy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Korea
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25
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Xu XH, Dong ZB. Iodine promoted cyclization of N, N′-diphenylthiocarbamides with enaminones: a protocol for the synthesis of poly-substituted 2-iminothiazolines. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:8533-8537. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01477g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
An iodine promoted cyclization reaction between N,N′-diphenylthiocarbamides and enaminones was achieved, providing a series of poly-substituted 2-iminothiazolines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hu Xu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Zhi-Bing Dong
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Process, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
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26
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Beyer M, Henninger SJ, Haehnel PS, Mustafa AHM, Gurdal E, Schubert B, Christmann M, Sellmer A, Mahboobi S, Drube S, Sippl W, Kindler T, Krämer OH. Identification of a highly efficient dual type I/II FMS-like tyrosine kinase inhibitor that disrupts the growth of leukemic cells. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 29:398-411.e4. [PMID: 34762849 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Internal tandem duplications (ITDs) in the FMS-like tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3) are causally linked to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with poor prognosis. Available FLT3 inhibitors (FLT3i) preferentially target inactive or active conformations of FLT3. Moreover, they co-target kinases for normal hematopoiesis, are vulnerable to therapy-associated tyrosine kinase domain (TKD) FLT3 mutants, or lack low nanomolar activity. We show that the tyrosine kinase inhibitor marbotinib suppresses the phosphorylation of FLT3-ITD and the growth of permanent and primary AML cells with FLT3-ITD. This also applies to leukemic cells carrying FLT3-ITD/TKD mutants that confer resistance to clinically used FLT3i. Marbotinib shows high selectivity for FLT3 and alters signaling, reminiscent of genetic elimination of FLT3-ITD. Molecular docking shows that marbotinib fits in opposite orientations into inactive and active conformations of FLT3. The water-soluble marbotinib-carbamate significantly prolongs survival of mice with FLT3-driven leukemia. Marbotinib is a nanomolar next-generation FLT3i that represents a hybrid inhibitory principle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Beyer
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sven J Henninger
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Patricia S Haehnel
- Department of Hematology, Medical Oncology, and Pneumology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; University Cancer Center, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany; German Consortia for Translational Cancer Research, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Al-Hassan M Mustafa
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Ece Gurdal
- Institute for Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University, Atasehir, Istanbul 34755, Turkey
| | - Bastian Schubert
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Christmann
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Sellmer
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry I, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Siavosh Mahboobi
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry I, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Drube
- Institute of Immunology, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Institute for Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Thomas Kindler
- Department of Hematology, Medical Oncology, and Pneumology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; University Cancer Center, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany; German Consortia for Translational Cancer Research, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Oliver H Krämer
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
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27
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Mathavan S, Yamajala RBRD. Elemental Sulfur‐Promoted Tandem One‐Pot Synthesis of Diverse 4
H
‐Pyrimido[2,1‐
b
]benzothiazoles. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sivagami Mathavan
- Department of Chemistry School of Chemical & Biotechnology SASTRA Deemed University Thanjavur 613401 India
| | - Rajesh B. R. D. Yamajala
- Department of Chemistry School of Chemical & Biotechnology SASTRA Deemed University Thanjavur 613401 India
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28
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Liang X, Yang Q, Wu P, He C, Yin L, Xu F, Yin Z, Yue G, Zou Y, Li L, Song X, Lv C, Zhang W, Jing B. The synthesis review of the approved tyrosine kinase inhibitors for anticancer therapy in 2015-2020. Bioorg Chem 2021; 113:105011. [PMID: 34091289 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In the 21st century, cancer is the major public health problem worldwide. Based on the important roles of protein tyrosine kinase, the accelerated hunt for potent small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors has led to the success of 30 newly inhibitors in this family for the cancer therapy in last five years. In this review, we updated their synthesis methods, and compared the original research routes with the optimized routes for each PTK inhibitor against different target, in order to make an outlook on the future synthesis of potential PTK inhibitors for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Liang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of veterinary medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China.
| | - Qian Yang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of veterinary medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Pan Wu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of veterinary medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Changliang He
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of veterinary medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Lizi Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of veterinary medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Funeng Xu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of veterinary medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of veterinary medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Guizhou Yue
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of veterinary medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Yuanfeng Zou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of veterinary medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Lixia Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of veterinary medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Xu Song
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of veterinary medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Cheng Lv
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of veterinary medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of veterinary medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Bo Jing
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of veterinary medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
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29
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Liang X, Wu P, Yang Q, Xie Y, He C, Yin L, Yin Z, Yue G, Zou Y, Li L, Song X, Lv C, Zhang W, Jing B. An update of new small-molecule anticancer drugs approved from 2015 to 2020. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 220:113473. [PMID: 33906047 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A high incidence of cancer has given rise to the development of more anti-tumor drugs. From 2015 to 2020, fifty-six new small-molecule anticancer drugs, divided into ten categories according to their anti-tumor target activities, have been approved. These include TKIs (30 drugs), MAPK inhibitors (3 drugs), CDK inhibitors (3 drugs), PARP inhibitors (3 drugs), PI3K inhibitors (3 drugs), SMO receptor antagonists (2 drugs), AR antagonists (2 drugs), SSTR inhibitors (2 drugs), IDH inhibitors (2 drugs) and others (6 drugs). Among them, PTK inhibitors (30/56) have led to a paradigm shift in cancer treatment with less toxicity and more potency. Each of their structures, approval statuses, applications, SAR analyses, and original research synthesis routes have been summarized, giving us a more comprehensive map for further efforts to design more specific targeted agents for reducing cancer in the future. We believe this review will help further research of potential antitumor agents in clinical usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Liang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China.
| | - Pan Wu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Qian Yang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Yunyu Xie
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Changliang He
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Lizi Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Guizhou Yue
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Yuanfeng Zou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Lixia Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Xu Song
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Cheng Lv
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Bo Jing
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
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30
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Wang J, Pan X, Song Y, Liu J, Ma F, Wang P, Liu Y, Zhao L, Kang D, Hu L. Discovery of a Potent and Selective FLT3 Inhibitor ( Z)- N-(5-((5-Fluoro-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)methyl)-4-methyl-1 H-pyrrol-3-yl)-3-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propanamide with Improved Drug-like Properties and Superior Efficacy in FLT3-ITD-Positive Acute Myeloid Leukemia. J Med Chem 2021; 64:4870-4890. [PMID: 33797247 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Overcoming the FLT3-ITD mutant has been a promising drug design strategy for treating acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Herein, we discovered a novel FLT3 inhibitor 17, which displayed potent inhibitory activity against the FLT3-ITD mutant (IC50 = 0.8 nM) and achieved good selectivity over c-KIT kinase (over 500-fold). Compound 17 selectively inhibited the proliferation of FLT3-ITD-positive AML cell lines MV4-11 (IC50 = 23.5 nM) and MOLM-13 (IC50 = 35.5 nM) and exhibited potent inhibitory effects against associated acquired resistance mutations. In cellular mechanism studies, compound 17 strongly inhibited FLT3-mediated signaling pathways and induced apoptosis by arresting the cell cycle in the sub-G1 phase. In in vivo studies, compound 17 demonstrated a good bioavailability (73.6%) and significantly suppressed tumor growth in MV4-11 (10 mg/kg, TGI 93.4%) and MOLM-13 (20 mg/kg, TGI 98.0%) xenograft models without exhibiting obvious toxicity. These results suggested that compound 17 may be a promising drug candidate for treating FLT3-ITD-positive AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, P.R. China
| | - Yi Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, P.R. China
| | - Jian Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, P.R. China
| | - Fei Ma
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, P.R. China
| | - Ping Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, P.R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, P.R. China
| | - Di Kang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, P.R. China
| | - Lihong Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, P.R. China
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31
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Flick AC, Leverett CA, Ding HX, McInturff E, Fink SJ, Mahapatra S, Carney DW, Lindsey EA, DeForest JC, France SP, Berritt S, Bigi-Botterill SV, Gibson TS, Liu Y, O'Donnell CJ. Synthetic Approaches to the New Drugs Approved during 2019. J Med Chem 2021; 64:3604-3657. [PMID: 33783211 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
New drugs introduced to the market are privileged structures having affinities for biological targets implicated in human diseases and conditions. These new chemical entities (NCEs), particularly small molecules and antibody-drug conjugates, provide insight into molecular recognition and simultaneously function as leads for the design of future medicines. This review is part of a continuing series presenting the most likely process-scale synthetic approaches to 40 NCEs approved for the first time anywhere in the world in 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Flick
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, 9625 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Carolyn A Leverett
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Hong X Ding
- Pharmacodia (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 100085, China
| | - Emma McInturff
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Sarah J Fink
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, 125 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Subham Mahapatra
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Daniel W Carney
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, 9625 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Erick A Lindsey
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, 9625 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jacob C DeForest
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 10777 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Scott P France
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Simon Berritt
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | | | - Tony S Gibson
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, 9625 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Yiyang Liu
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Christopher J O'Donnell
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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32
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Chen R, Tsai J, Thompson PA, Chen Y, Xiong P, Liu C, Burrows F, Sivina M, Burger JA, Keating MJ, Wierda WG, Plunkett W. The multi-kinase inhibitor TG02 induces apoptosis and blocks B-cell receptor signaling in chronic lymphocytic leukemia through dual mechanisms of action. Blood Cancer J 2021; 11:57. [PMID: 33714981 PMCID: PMC7956145 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-021-00436-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The constitutive activation of B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling, together with the overexpression of the Bcl-2 family anti-apoptotic proteins, represents two hallmarks of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) that drive leukemia cell proliferation and sustain their survival. TG02 is a small molecule multi-kinase inhibitor that simultaneously targets both of these facets of CLL pathogenesis. First, its inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase 9 blocked the activation of RNA polymerase II and transcription. This led to the depletion of Mcl-1 and rapid induction of apoptosis in the primary CLL cells. This mechanism of apoptosis was independent of CLL prognostic factors or prior treatment history, but dependent on the expression of BAX and BAK. Second, TG02, which inhibits the members of the BCR signaling pathway such as Lck and Fyn, blocked BCR-crosslinking-induced activation of NF-κB and Akt, indicating abrogation of BCR signaling. Finally, the combination of TG02 and ibrutinib demonstrated moderate synergy, suggesting a future combination of TG02 with ibrutinib, or use in patients that are refractory to the BCR antagonists. Thus, the dual inhibitory activity on both the CLL survival pathway and BCR signaling identifies TG02 as a unique compound for clinical development in CLL and possibly other B cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Chen
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Jennifer Tsai
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Philip A Thompson
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuling Chen
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ping Xiong
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chaomei Liu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Francis Burrows
- Tragara Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA, USA.,Kura Oncology, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mariela Sivina
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jan A Burger
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael J Keating
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William G Wierda
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William Plunkett
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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33
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Bjelosevic S, Gruber E, Newbold A, Shembrey C, Devlin JR, Hogg SJ, Kats L, Todorovski I, Fan Z, Abrehart TC, Pomilio G, Wei A, Gregory GP, Vervoort SJ, Brown KK, Johnstone RW. Serine Biosynthesis Is a Metabolic Vulnerability in FLT3-ITD-Driven Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:1582-1599. [PMID: 33436370 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-0738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Internal tandem duplication of the FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 gene (FLT3-ITD) occurs in 30% of all acute myeloid leukemias (AML). Limited clinical efficacy of FLT3 inhibitors highlights the need for alternative therapeutic modalities in this subset of disease. Using human and murine models of FLT3-ITD-driven AML, we demonstrate that FLT3-ITD promotes serine synthesis and uptake via ATF4-dependent transcriptional regulation of genes in the de novo serine biosynthesis pathway and neutral amino acid transport. Genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of PHGDH, the rate-limiting enzyme of de novo serine biosynthesis, selectively inhibited proliferation of FLT3-ITD AMLs in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, pharmacologic inhibition of PHGDH sensitized FLT3-ITD AMLs to the standard-of-care chemotherapeutic cytarabine. Collectively, these data reveal novel insights into FLT3-ITD-induced metabolic reprogramming and reveal a targetable vulnerability in FLT3-ITD AML. SIGNIFICANCE: FLT3-ITD mutations are common in AML and are associated with poor prognosis. We show that FLT3-ITD stimulates serine biosynthesis, thereby rendering FLT3-ITD-driven leukemias dependent upon serine for proliferation and survival. This metabolic dependency can be exploited pharmacologically to sensitize FLT3-ITD-driven AMLs to chemotherapy.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1307.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bjelosevic
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Emily Gruber
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrea Newbold
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Carolyn Shembrey
- Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jennifer R Devlin
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Simon J Hogg
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Lev Kats
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Izabela Todorovski
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Zheng Fan
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Thomas C Abrehart
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Giovanna Pomilio
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Clinical Haematology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew Wei
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Clinical Haematology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Pathology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gareth P Gregory
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Stephin J Vervoort
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kristin K Brown
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia. .,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ricky W Johnstone
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia. .,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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34
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High-fat diet intensifies MLL-AF9-induced acute myeloid leukemia through activation of the FLT3 signaling in mouse primitive hematopoietic cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16187. [PMID: 32999332 PMCID: PMC7528010 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73020-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Using a MLL-AF9 knock-in mouse model, we discovered that consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) accelerates the risk of developing acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This regimen increases the clusterization of FLT3 within lipid rafts on the cell surface of primitive hematopoietic cells, which overactivates this receptor as well as the downstream JAK/STAT signaling known to enhance the transformation of MLL-AF9 knock-in cells. Treatment of mice on a HFD with Quizartinib, a potent inhibitor of FLT3 phosphorylation, inhibits the JAK3/STAT3, signaling and finally antagonizes the accelerated development of AML that occurred following the HFD regimen. We can therefore conclude that, on a mouse model of AML, a HFD enforces the FLT3 signaling pathway on primitive hematopoietic cells and, in turn, improves the oncogenic transformation of MLL-AF9 knock-in cells and the leukemia initiation.
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35
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Afsina Abdulla CM, Neetha M, Aneeja T, Anilkumar G. Synthesis and Applications of Imidazothiazoles: An Overview. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. M. Afsina Abdulla
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills, Kottayam Kerala India 686560
| | - Mohan Neetha
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills, Kottayam Kerala India 686560
| | - Thaipparambil Aneeja
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills, Kottayam Kerala India 686560
| | - Gopinathan Anilkumar
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills, Kottayam Kerala India 686560
- Institute for Integrated Programmes and Research in Basic Sciences (IIRBS) Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills, Kottayam Kerala India 686560
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36
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Garcia-Horton A, Yee KW. Quizartinib for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2020; 21:2077-2090. [DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2020.1801637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Garcia-Horton
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, CANADA
| | - Karen Wl Yee
- Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, CANADA
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37
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Alishahi N, Nasr‐Esfahani M, Mohammadpoor‐Baltork I, Tangestaninejad S, Mirkhani V, Moghadam M. Nicotine‐based ionic liquid supported on magnetic nanoparticles: An efficient and recyclable catalyst for selective one‐pot synthesis of
mono
‐ and
bis
‐4
H
‐pyrimido[2,1‐
b
]benzothiazoles. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Alishahi
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Division University of Isfahan Isfahan 81746‐73441 Iran
| | | | | | | | - Valiollah Mirkhani
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Division University of Isfahan Isfahan 81746‐73441 Iran
| | - Majid Moghadam
- Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Division University of Isfahan Isfahan 81746‐73441 Iran
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38
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Abstract
Fms-like tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3) mutations occur in approximately 30% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases, suggesting FLT3 as an attractive target for AML treatment. Early FLT3 inhibitors enhance antileukemia efficacy by inhibiting multiple targets, and thus had stronger off-target activity, increasing their toxicity. Recently, a number of potent and selective FLT3 inhibitors have been developed, many of which are effective against multiple mutations. This review outlines the evolution of AML-targeting FLT3 inhibitors by focusing on their chemotypes, selectivity and activity over FLT3 wild-type and FLT3 mutations as well as new techniques related to FLT3. Compounds that currently enter the late clinical stage or have entered the market are also briefly reported.
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39
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Abutayeh RF, Almaliti J, Taha MO. Design and Synthesis of New Sulfonamides-Based Flt3 Inhibitors. Med Chem 2020; 16:403-412. [DOI: 10.2174/1573406415666190401144053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Flt3 is an oncogenic kinase involved in different leukemias. It is most
prominently associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Flt3-specific inhibitors have shown
promising results in interfering with AML.
Methods:
The crystallographic structures of two inhibitors complexed within Flt3, namely, quizartinib
and F6M, were used to guide the synthesis of new sulfonamide-based Flt3 inhibitors.
Results:
One of the prepared compounds showed low micromolar anti-Flt3 bioactivity, and interestingly,
low micromolar bioactivity against the related oncogenic kinase VEGFR2.
Conclusion:
Sulfonamides were successfully used as privileged scaffolds for the synthesis of
novel Flt3 inhibitors of micromolar potencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem F. Abutayeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Jehad Almaliti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mutasem O. Taha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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40
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Wang R, Chen T, Wang C, Zhang Z, Wang XM, Li Q, Lee VWS, Wang YM, Zheng G, Alexander SI, Wang Y, Harris DCH, Cao Q. Flt3 inhibition alleviates chronic kidney disease by suppressing CD103+ dendritic cell-mediated T cell activation. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2020; 34:1853-1863. [PMID: 30590794 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfy385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem, which lacks effective treatment. Previously, we have shown that CD103+ dendritic cells (DCs) are pathogenic in adriamycin nephropathy (AN), a model of human focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (Flt3) is a receptor that is expressed with high specificity on tissue resident CD103+ DCs. METHODS To test the effect on CD103+ DCs and kidney injury of inhibition of Flt3, we used a selective Flt3 inhibitor (AC220) to treat mice with AN. RESULTS Human CD141+ DCs, homologous to murine CD103+ DCs, were significantly increased in patients with FSGS. The number of kidney CD103+ DCs, but not CD103- DCs or plasmacytoid DCs, was significantly decreased in AN mice after AC220 administration. Treatment with AC220 significantly improved kidney function and reduced kidney injury and fibrosis in AN mice. AC220-treated AN mice had decreased levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, CCL2 and CCL5 and reduced kidney infiltration of CD4 T cells and CD8 T cells. The protective effect of AC220 was associated with its suppression of CD103+ DCs-mediated CD8 T cell proliferation and activation in AN mice. CONCLUSION Flt3 inhibitor AC220 effectively reduced kidney injury in AN mice, suggesting that this inhibitor might be a useful pharmaceutical agent to treat CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Wang
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Titi Chen
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chengshi Wang
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Xin Maggie Wang
- Flow Cytometry Facility, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Qing Li
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vincent W S Lee
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yuan Min Wang
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Guoping Zheng
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen I Alexander
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yiping Wang
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David C H Harris
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Qi Cao
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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41
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Hamid AB, Petreaca RC. Secondary Resistant Mutations to Small Molecule Inhibitors in Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040927. [PMID: 32283832 PMCID: PMC7226513 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary resistant mutations in cancer cells arise in response to certain small molecule inhibitors. These mutations inevitably cause recurrence and often progression to a more aggressive form. Resistant mutations may manifest in various forms. For example, some mutations decrease or abrogate the affinity of the drug for the protein. Others restore the function of the enzyme even in the presence of the inhibitor. In some cases, resistance is acquired through activation of a parallel pathway which bypasses the function of the drug targeted pathway. The Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) produced a compendium of resistant mutations to small molecule inhibitors reported in the literature. Here, we build on these data and provide a comprehensive review of resistant mutations in cancers. We also discuss mechanistic parallels of resistance.
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42
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Sellmer A, Pilsl B, Beyer M, Pongratz H, Wirth L, Elz S, Dove S, Henninger SJ, Spiekermann K, Polzer H, Klaeger S, Kuster B, Böhmer FD, Fiebig HH, Krämer OH, Mahboobi S. A series of novel aryl-methanone derivatives as inhibitors of FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) in FLT3-ITD-positive acute myeloid leukemia. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 193:112232. [PMID: 32199135 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mutants of the FLT3 receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) with duplications in the juxtamembrane domain (FLT3-ITD) act as drivers of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Potent tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKi) of FLT3-ITD entered clinical trials and showed a promising, but transient success due to the occurrence of secondary drug-resistant AML clones. A further caveat of drugs targeting FLT3-ITD is the co-targeting of other RTKs which are required for normal hematopoiesis. This is observed quite frequently. Therefore, novel drugs are necessary to treat AML effectively and safely. Recently bis(1H-indol-2-yl)methanones were found to inhibit FLT3 and PDGFR kinases. In order to optimize these agents we synthesized novel derivatives of these methanones with various substituents. Methanone 16 and its carbamate derivative 17b inhibit FLT3-ITD at least as potently as the TKi AC220 (quizartinib). Models indicate corresponding interactions of 16 and quizartinib with FLT3. The activity of 16 is accompanied by a high selectivity for FLT3-ITD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Sellmer
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bernadette Pilsl
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mandy Beyer
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Herwig Pongratz
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Wirth
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sigurd Elz
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Dove
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Harald Polzer
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Susan Klaeger
- Technische Universität München, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan für Ernährung, Landnutzung und Umwelt, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Technische Universität München, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan für Ernährung, Landnutzung und Umwelt, Germany
| | - Frank D Böhmer
- Universitätsklinikum Jena - Bachstrasse 18 - D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Oliver H Krämer
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Siavosh Mahboobi
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany.
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43
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Georgoulia PS, Bjelic S, Friedman R. Deciphering the molecular mechanism of FLT3 resistance mutations. FEBS J 2020; 287:3200-3220. [PMID: 31943770 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) has been found to be mutated in ~ 30% of acute myeloid leukaemia patients. Small-molecule inhibitors targeting FLT3 that are currently approved or still undergoing clinical trials are subject to drug resistance due to FLT3 mutations. How these mutations lead to drug resistance is hitherto poorly understood. Herein, we studied the molecular mechanism of the drug resistance mutations D835N, Y842S and M664I, which confer resistance against the most advanced inhibitors, quizartinib and PLX3397 (pexidartinib), using enzyme kinetics and computer simulations. In vitro kinase assays were performed to measure the comparative catalytic activity of the native protein and the mutants, using a bacterial expression system developed to this aim. Our results reveal that the differential drug sensitivity profiles can be rationalised by the dynamics of the protein-drug interactions and perturbation of the intraprotein contacts upon mutations. Drug binding induced a single conformation in the native protein, whereas multiple conformations were observed otherwise (in the mutants or in the absence of drugs). The end-point kinetics measurements indicated that the three resistant mutants conferred catalytic activity that is at least as high as that of the reference without such mutations. Overall, our calculations and measurements suggest that the structural dynamics of the drug-resistant mutants that affect the active state and the increased conformational freedom of the remaining inactive drug-bound population are the two major factors that contribute to drug resistance in FLT3 harbouring cancer cells. Our results explain the mechanism of drug resistance mutations and can aid to the design of more effective tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sinisa Bjelic
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Ran Friedman
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
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44
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Weisberg E, Meng C, Case AE, Tiv HL, Gokhale PC, Toure AA, Buhrlage S, Liu X, Wang J, Gray N, Stone R, Adamia S, Winer E, Sattler M, Griffin JD. The combination of FLT3 and SYK kinase inhibitors is toxic to leukaemia cells with CBL mutations. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:2145-2156. [PMID: 31943762 PMCID: PMC7011134 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the E3 ubiquitin ligase CBL, found in several myeloid neoplasms, lead to decreased ubiquitin ligase activity. In murine systems, these mutations are associated with cytokine-independent proliferation, thought to result from the activation of hematopoietic growth receptors, including FLT3 and KIT. Using cell lines and primary patient cells, we compared the activity of a panel of FLT3 inhibitors currently being used or tested in AML patients and also evaluated the effects of inhibition of the non-receptor tyrosine kinase, SYK. We show that FLT3 inhibitors ranging from promiscuous to highly targeted are potent inhibitors of growth of leukaemia cells expressing mutant CBL in vitro, and we demonstrate in vivo efficacy of midostaurin using mouse models of mutant CBL. Potentiation of effects of targeted FLT3 inhibition by SYK inhibition has been demonstrated in models of mutant FLT3-positive AML and AML characterized by hyperactivated SYK. Here, we show that targeted SYK inhibition similarly enhances the effects of midostaurin and other FLT3 inhibitors against mutant CBL-positive leukaemia. Taken together, our results support the notion that mutant CBL-expressing myeloid leukaemias are highly sensitive to available FLT3 inhibitors and that this effect can be significantly augmented by optimum inhibition of SYK kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Weisberg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chengcheng Meng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abigail E Case
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hong L Tiv
- Experimental Therapeutics Core and Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Prafulla C Gokhale
- Experimental Therapeutics Core and Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anthia A Toure
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sara Buhrlage
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nathanael Gray
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard Stone
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sophia Adamia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric Winer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin Sattler
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James D Griffin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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45
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Li J, Holmes M, Kankam M, Trone D, Mendell J, Gammon G. Effect of Food on the Pharmacokinetics of Quizartinib. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2020; 9:277-286. [PMID: 31916418 PMCID: PMC7027461 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Quizartinib is an oral, highly potent, and selective type II FMS‐like tyrosine kinase 3 inhibitor in development for acute myeloid leukemia. This parallel‐group study evaluated potential food effects on quizartinib absorption in healthy subjects who received a single 30‐mg dose after overnight fasting (n = 34) or a high‐fat, high‐calorie meal (n = 30). Blood samples were collected through 504 hours after dosing, and pharmacokinetic parameters calculated were maximum observed concentration (Cmax) and area under plasma concentration–time curve from time 0 to last quantifiable concentration (AUClast) and from time 0 to infinity (AUCinf). Mean quizartinib pharmacokinetic profiles were similar under fasted and fed conditions. The geometric least squares means ratios (%) for fed/fasted and associated 90% confidence intervals (CIs) for Cmax, AUClast, and AUCinf were 91.58 (82.15‐102.08), 105.39 (90.79‐122.35), and 108.39 (91.54‐128.34), respectively. The 90%CI for the ratio fell within the 80% to 125% limits for Cmax and AUClast, with 90%CI for AUCinf slightly outside the limits (ie, 128%). Food delayed quizartinib time to Cmax by 2 hours. All adverse events were either mild or moderate; no discontinuations due to adverse events occurred. Based on these results, quizartinib can be administered without regard to food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianke Li
- Formerly Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - Melissa Holmes
- Formerly Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Denise Trone
- Formerly Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Guy Gammon
- Formerly Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
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46
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Fletcher L, Joshi SK, Traer E. Profile of Quizartinib for the Treatment of Adult Patients with Relapsed/Refractory FLT3-ITD-Positive Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Evidence to Date. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:151-163. [PMID: 32021432 PMCID: PMC6955578 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s196568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a clonal hematologic neoplasm characterized by rapid, uncontrolled cell growth of immature myeloid cells (blasts). There are numerous genetic abnormalities in AML, many of which are prognostic, but an increasing number are targets for drug therapy. One of the most common genetic abnormalities in AML are activating mutations in the FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 receptor (FLT3). As a receptor tyrosine kinase, FLT3 was the first targetable genetic abnormality in AML. The first generation of FLT3 inhibitors were broad-spectrum kinase inhibitors that inhibited FLT3 among other proteins. Although clinically active, first-generation FLT3 inhibitors had limited success as single agents. This led to the development of a second generation of more selective FLT3 inhibitors. This review focuses on quizartinib, a potent second-generation FLT3 inhibitor. We discuss the clinical trial development, mechanisms of resistance, and the recent FDA decision to deny approval for quizartinib as a single agent in relapsed/refractory AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Fletcher
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Sunil K Joshi
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.,School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Elie Traer
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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47
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Mukku N, Maiti B. On water catalyst-free synthesis of benzo[ d]imidazo[2,1- b] thiazoles and novel N-alkylated 2-aminobenzo[ d]oxazoles under microwave irradiation. RSC Adv 2020; 10:770-778. [PMID: 35494448 PMCID: PMC9047639 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08929b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A highly efficient unprecedented catalyst-free microwave-assisted procedure for synthesizing benzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles and N-alkylated 2-aminobenzo[d]oxazol in green media was developed. The transformation provided rapid access to functionalized benzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles from 2-aminobenzothiazole and N-alkylated 2-aminobenzo[d]oxazole from 2-aminobenzoxazole scaffolds under mild transition-metal-free conditions. This synthetic manipulation is expected to greatly expand the repertoire of reaction types in heterocyclic chemistry and pave the way for new syntheses of bioactive compounds. A highly efficient unprecedented catalyst-free microwave-assisted procedure for synthesizing benzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles and N-alkylated 2-aminobenzo[d]oxazol in green media was developed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Narasimharao Mukku
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore-632014 India
| | - Barnali Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore-632014 India
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48
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Tomaselli D, Lucidi A, Rotili D, Mai A. Epigenetic polypharmacology: A new frontier for epi-drug discovery. Med Res Rev 2020; 40:190-244. [PMID: 31218726 PMCID: PMC6917854 DOI: 10.1002/med.21600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently, despite the great success achieved by the so-called "magic bullets" in the treatment of different diseases through a marked and specific interaction with the target of interest, the pharmacological research is moving toward the development of "molecular network active compounds," embracing the related polypharmacology approach. This strategy was born to overcome the main limitations of the single target therapy leading to a superior therapeutic effect, a decrease of adverse reactions, and a reduction of potential mechanism(s) of drug resistance caused by robustness and redundancy of biological pathways. It has become clear that multifactorial diseases such as cancer, neurological, and inflammatory disorders, may require more complex therapeutic approaches hitting a certain biological system as a whole. Concerning epigenetics, the goal of the multi-epi-target approach consists in the development of small molecules able to simultaneously and (often) reversibly bind different specific epi-targets. To date, two dual histone deacetylase/kinase inhibitors (CUDC-101 and CUDC-907) are in an advanced stage of clinical trials. In the last years, the growing interest in polypharmacology encouraged the publication of high-quality reviews on combination therapy and hybrid molecules. Hence, to update the state-of-the-art of these therapeutic approaches avoiding redundancy, herein we focused only on multiple medication therapies and multitargeting compounds exploiting epigenetic plus nonepigenetic drugs reported in the literature in 2018. In addition, all the multi-epi-target inhibitors known in literature so far, hitting two or more epigenetic targets, have been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Tomaselli
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs,
“Sapienza” University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Alessia Lucidi
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs,
“Sapienza” University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Dante Rotili
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs,
“Sapienza” University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs,
“Sapienza” University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
- Pasteur Institute - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Viale
Regina Elena 291, 00161 Roma, Italy
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49
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Shaik SP, Reddy TS, Sunkari S, Rao AVS, Babu KS, Bhargava SK, Kamal A. Synthesis of Benzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-Propenone Conjugates as Cytotoxic and Apoptotic Inducing Agents. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:347-355. [PMID: 30479221 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666181127112621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer can be considered as a disease in which normal cells start behaving badly, multiplying uncontrollably, ignoring signals to stop and accumulating to form a mass that is generally termed as a tumor. Apoptosis or programmed cell death is a physiological process that enables organisms to control their cell numbers in many developmental and physiological settings and to eliminate unwanted cells and it plays essential role in chemotherapy-induced tumor-cell killing. The correct balance between apoptosis and inhibition of apoptosis is important in animal development as well as in tissue homeostasis. The aim of this paper is to introduce the readers about the design strategy and synthesis of effective cytotoxic and apoptotic inducing agents based on benzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole scaffold. METHODS Benzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-propenone conjugates were synthesized by the condensation of 7- methoxy-2-(aryl)benzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-3-yl)prop-2-yn-1-ones with aryl/hetero aryl amines in ethanol at room temperature. These in turn were obtained from 7-methoxy-2-(aryl)benzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-3- carbaldehydes on treatment with ethynylmagnesium bromide followed by oxidation. RESULTS 3-Arylaminopropenone linked 2-arylbenzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole conjugates prepared in this investigation exhibited significant cytotoxic activity and arrested HeLa cancer cells in G1 phase. The treatment of the conjugate led to 40% of loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (DΨm) in HeLa cells and 4 fold increase in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, it induces apoptosis in HeLa cells, this was examined by the wound healing assay, Actin filaments and Hoechst staining assay. CONCLUSION The encouraging biological profile exhibited by these 3-arylaminopropenone 2-aryl linked benzo[d]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole conjugates demonstrate that they have the potential to be developed as a lead by further structural modifications to obtain potential chemotherapeutic agents that are likely to target the HeLa cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddiq P Shaik
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad-500007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, 110 025, India
| | - Telukutta S Reddy
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad-500007, India.,Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO BOX 2476, Melbourne 3001, Australia
| | - Satish Sunkari
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad-500007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, 110 025, India
| | - Ayinampudi V S Rao
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad-500007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, 110 025, India.,Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine 725 North Wolfe St., Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Korrapati S Babu
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad-500007, India
| | - Suresh K Bhargava
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO BOX 2476, Melbourne 3001, Australia
| | - Ahmed Kamal
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad-500007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, 110 025, India.,School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
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50
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Abstract
The urea functionality is inherent to numerous bioactive compounds, including a variety of clinically approved therapies. Urea containing compounds are increasingly used in medicinal chemistry and drug design in order to establish key drug-target interactions and fine-tune crucial drug-like properties. In this perspective, we highlight physicochemical and conformational properties of urea derivatives. We provide outlines of traditional reagents and chemical procedures for the preparation of ureas. Also, we discuss newly developed methodologies mainly aimed at overcoming safety issues associated with traditional synthesis. Finally, we provide a broad overview of urea-based medicinally relevant compounds, ranging from approved drugs to recent medicinal chemistry developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Margherita Brindisi
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.,Department of Excellence of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
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