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Ullah H, Ullah H, Taha M, Khan F, Rahim F, Uddin I, Sarfraz M, Shah SAA, Aziz A, Mubeen S. Synthesis, In Vitro α-Amylase Activity, and Molecular Docking
Study of New Benzimidazole Derivatives. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428021060130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Mueller R, Reddy V, Nchinda AT, Mebrahtu F, Taylor D, Lawrence N, Tanner L, Barnabe M, Eyermann CJ, Zou B, Kondreddi RR, Lakshminarayana SB, Rottmann M, Street LJ, Chibale K. Lerisetron Analogues with Antimalarial Properties: Synthesis, Structure-Activity Relationship Studies, and Biological Assessment. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:6967-6982. [PMID: 32258933 PMCID: PMC7114883 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A phenotypic whole cell high-throughput screen against the asexual blood and liver stages of the malaria parasite identified a benzimidazole chemical series. Among the hits were the antiemetic benzimidazole drug Lerisetron 1 (IC50 NF54 = 0.81 μM) and its methyl-substituted analogue 2 (IC50 NF54 = 0.098 μM). A medicinal chemistry hit to lead effort led to the identification of chloro-substituted analogue 3 with high potency against the drug-sensitive NF54 (IC50 NF54 = 0.062 μM) and multidrug-resistant K1 (IC50 K1 = 0.054 μM) strains of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Compounds 2 and 3 gratifyingly showed in vivo efficacy in both Plasmodium berghei and P. falciparum mouse models of malaria. Cardiotoxicity risk as expressed in strong inhibition of the human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) potassium channel was identified as a major liability to address. This led to the synthesis and biological assessment of around 60 analogues from which several compounds with improved antiplasmodial potency, relative to the lead compound 3, were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Mueller
- Drug
Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Virsinha Reddy
- Drug
Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Aloysius T. Nchinda
- Drug
Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Fanuel Mebrahtu
- Drug
Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Dale Taylor
- Drug
Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Division of Clinical Pharmacology,
Department of Medicine, University of Cape
Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Nina Lawrence
- Drug
Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Division of Clinical Pharmacology,
Department of Medicine, University of Cape
Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Lloyd Tanner
- Drug
Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Division of Clinical Pharmacology,
Department of Medicine, University of Cape
Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Marine Barnabe
- Drug
Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Division of Clinical Pharmacology,
Department of Medicine, University of Cape
Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Charles J. Eyermann
- Drug
Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Bin Zou
- Shanghai
Blueray Biopharma Co. LTD, Block 3, 576 Libing Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201301, China
| | - Ravinder R. Kondreddi
- PJS
Pharma Pvt. Ltd., Plot
No. 103/1, Phase II, IDA Cherlapally, Hyderabad 500051, India
| | - Suresh B. Lakshminarayana
- Novartis
Institute for Tropical Diseases, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Matthias Rottmann
- Department
of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland
- University
of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Leslie J. Street
- Drug
Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Kelly Chibale
- Drug
Discovery and Development Centre (H3D), Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- South
African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research
Unit, Department of Chemistry & Institute of Infectious Disease
and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape
Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
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Cruz A, Martínez IIP, Ramos-Organillo AA. Methods to Access 2-aminobenzimidazoles of Medicinal Importance. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272823666191023150201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
:Benzimidazole (BI) and derivatives are interesting because several of these compounds have been found to have a diversity of biological activities with clinical applications. In view of their importance, the synthesis of BI and its derivatives is still considered as a challenge for synthetic chemists. Examples of compounds used in medicinal chemistry containing BI, as important nucleus, are Astemizole (antihistaminic), Omeprazole (antiulcerative) and Rabendazole (fungicide), some of these compounds have the 2- aminobenzimidazole (2ABI) as base nucleus. The structure of 2ABI derivatives contains a cyclic guanidine moiety, which is interesting because of its free lone pairs, labile hydrogen atoms and planar delocalized structure. The delocalized 10-π electron system and the extension of the electron conjugation with the exocyclic amino group, in 2ABI, making these heterocycles to have amphoteric character. The 2ABI has been used as building blocks for the synthesis of several BI derivatives as medicinally important molecules. On these bases, herein, we present a bibliographic review concerning the recent methodologies used in the synthesis of 2ABIs, including the substituted ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Cruz
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional-UPIBI, Laboratorio de Química Supramolecular y Nanociencias, Av. Acueducto s/n, Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, México, D. F, 07340, Mexico
| | - Itzia I. Padilla Martínez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional-UPIBI, Laboratorio de Química Supramolecular y Nanociencias, Av. Acueducto s/n, Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, México, D. F, 07340, Mexico
| | - Angel A. Ramos-Organillo
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Colima, Km 9 Carr. Colima- Coquimatlán, 28400, Coquimatlán, Colima, Mexico
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Khan M, Ahmad R, Rehman G, Gul N, Shah S, Salar U, Perveen S, Khan KM. Synthesis of Pyridinyl-benzo[d]imidazole/Pyridinyl-benzo[d]thiazole Derivatives and their Yeast Glucose Uptake Activity In Vitro. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180815666181004102209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:Diabetes is the primary cause of fatality and disability all over the world, in recent past, we have reported various classes of compounds as anti-glycating agents and we have also reported benzimidazole and benzothiazole derivatives as a potential class of anti-glycating agents. This encouraged us to evaluate the pyridinyl benzimidazole/pyridinyl benzothiazole derivatives 1-27 for yeast glucose uptake activity.Methods:In the present study, an equimolar mixture of pyridine carboxaldehyde derivatives (1 mmol) and sodium metabisulphite (1 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was stirred for 10 to 15 min, followed by addition of o-phenylene diamine/2-aminothiophenol (1 mmol) into it and refluxed for 3 h. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion, the reaction mixture was poured into crushed ice. Precipitates were formed which were collected by filtration to produce compounds 1-27 in good yields. Recrystallization from methanol yielded pure crystals.Results:Our present study showed that all compounds showed a varying degree of yeast glucose uptake activity in the range IC50 = 36.43-272.20 µM, compared to standard metronidazole (IC50 = 41.86 ± 0.09 µM). Compounds 5 (IC50 = 38.14 ± 0.17 µM), 6 (IC50 = 40.23 ± 0.20 µM), and 7 (IC50 = 36.43 ± 0.02 µM) showed an excellent yeast glucose uptake activity better than the standard.Conclusion:Pyridinyl benzimidazole/pyridinyl benzothiazole derivatives 1-27 were synthesized, structurally characterized, and evaluated for in vitro yeast glucose uptake activity. Compounds 5 (IC50 = 38.14 ± 0.17 µM), 6 (IC50 = 40.23 ± 0.20 µM), and 7 (IC50 = 36.43 ± 0.02 µM) demonstrated potent yeast glucose uptake activity as compared to standard metronidazole (IC50 = 41.86 ± 0.09 µM). This study identified a number of potential lead molecules which can be helpful in lowering the blood glucose level in hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momin Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan-23200, Pakistan
| | - Riaz Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan-23200, Pakistan
| | - Gauhar Rehman
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan-23200, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Gul
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan-23200, Pakistan
| | - Sana Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan-23200, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Salar
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
| | - Shahnaz Perveen
- PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Karachi, Shahrah-e-Dr. Salimuzzaman Siddiqui, Karachi-75280, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
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Bansal Y, Kaur M, Bansal G. Antimicrobial Potential of Benzimidazole Derived Molecules. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:624-646. [PMID: 29090668 DOI: 10.2174/1389557517666171101104024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Structural resemblance of benzimidazole nucleus with purine nucleus in nucleotides makes benzimidazole derivatives attractive ligands to interact with biopolymers of a living system. The most prominent benzimidazole compound in nature is N-ribosyldimethylbenzimidazole, which serves as an axial ligand for cobalt in vitamin B12. This structural similarity prompted medicinal chemists across the globe to synthesize a variety of benzimidazole derivatives and to screen those for various biological activities, such as anticancer, hormone antagonist, antiviral, anti-HIV, anthelmintic, antiprotozoal, antimicrobial, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anxiolytic, antiallergic, coagulant, anticoagulant, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. Hence, benzimidazole nucleus is considered as a privileged structure in drug discovery, and it is exploited by many research groups to develop numerous compounds that are purported to be antimicrobial. Despite a large volume of research in this area, no novel benzimidazole derived compound has emerged as clinically effective antimicrobial drug. In the present review, we have compiled various reports on benzimidazole derived antimicrobials, classified as monosubstituted, disubstituted, trisubstituted and tetrasubstituted benzimidazoles, bisbenzimidazoles, fused-benzimidazoles, and benzimidazole derivative-metal complexes. The purpose is to collate these research reports, and to generate a generalised outlay of benzimidazole derived molecules that can assist the medicinal chemists in selecting appropriate combination of substituents around the nucleus for designing potent antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogita Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala - 147002, India
| | - Manjinder Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala - 147002, India
| | - Gulshan Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala - 147002, India
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Shi Y, Jiang K, Zheng R, Fu J, Yan L, Gu Q, Zhang Y, Lin F. Design, Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis and in Vitro Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of 2,5‐Disubstituted Benzimidazole. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1800510. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201800510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanpeng Shi
- College of ChemistryJilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Kai Jiang
- School of life SciencesJilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Ran Zheng
- College of ChemistryJilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Jiaxu Fu
- College of ChemistryJilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Liuqing Yan
- College of ChemistryJilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Qiang Gu
- College of ChemistryJilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Yumin Zhang
- College of ChemistryJilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Feng Lin
- School of life SciencesJilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
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Bana P, Szigetvári Á, Kóti J, Éles J, Greiner I. Flow-oriented synthetic design in the continuous preparation of the aryl piperazine drug flibanserin. REACT CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8re00266e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The first integrated continuous-flow synthesis of the drug substance flibanserin was developed, using an uninterrupted four-step sequence, via an unprecedented route.
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8
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Quadri SAI, Das TC, Farooqui M. Novel and Efficient Synthesis of Benzimidazole and Benzthiazole Moieties Mediated by Triflic Anhydride and 2-Nitropyridine. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201602049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tonmoy C. Das
- Dr. Rafiq Zakaria College for women; Aurangabad (M.S) 431001 India
| | - Mazahar Farooqui
- Dr. Rafiq Zakaria College for women; Aurangabad (M.S) 431001 India
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9
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Zawawi NKNA, Taha M, Ahmat N, Ismail NH, Wadood A, Rahim F. Synthesis, molecular docking studies of hybrid benzimidazole as α -glucosidase inhibitor. Bioorg Chem 2017; 70:184-191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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10
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Wang L, Kofler M, Brosch G, Melesina J, Sippl W, Martinez ED, Easmon J. 2-Benzazolyl-4-Piperazin-1-Ylsulfonylbenzenecarbohydroxamic Acids as Novel Selective Histone Deacetylase-6 Inhibitors with Antiproliferative Activity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134556. [PMID: 26698121 PMCID: PMC4689404 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We have screened our compound collection in an established cell based assay that measures the derepression of an epigenetically silenced transgene, the locus derepression assay. The screen led to the identification of 4-[4-(1-methylbenzimidazol-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]sulfonylbenzenecarbohydroxamic acid (9b) as an active which was found to inhibit HDAC1. In initial structure activity relationships study, the 1-methylbenzimidazole ring was replaced by the isosteric heterocycles benzimidazole, benzoxazole, and benzothiazole and the position of the hydroxamic acid substituent on the phenyl ring was varied. Whereas compounds bearing a para substituted hydroxamic acid (9a-d) were active HDAC inhibitors, the meta substituted analogues (8a-d) were appreciably inactive. Compounds 9a-d selectively inhibited HDAC6 (IC50 = 0.1-1.0 μM) over HDAC1 (IC50 = 0.9-6 μM) and moreover, also selectively inhibited the growth of lung cancer cells vs. patient matched normal cells. The compounds induce a cell cycle arrest in the S-phase while induction of apoptosis is neglible as compared to controls. Molecular modeling studies uncovered that the MM-GBSA energy for interaction of 9a-d with HDAC6 was higher than for HDAC1 providing structural rationale for the HDAC6 selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | - Marina Kofler
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80–82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gerald Brosch
- Division of Molecular Biology, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innsbruck Medical University Innrain 80–82, A-6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Jelena Melesina
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06099 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Elisabeth D. Martinez
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical center, Dallas, TX, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JE); (EM)
| | - Johnny Easmon
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80–82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- * E-mail: (JE); (EM)
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Zawawi NKNA, Taha M, Ahmat N, Wadood A, Ismail NH, Rahim F, Ali M, Abdullah N, Khan KM. Novel 2,5-disubtituted-1,3,4-oxadiazoles with benzimidazole backbone: A new class of β-glucuronidase inhibitors and in silico studies. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:3119-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.04.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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McDonald SL, Hendrick CE, Bitting KJ, Wang Q. Copper-Catalyzed Electrophilic Amination of Heteroaromatic and Aromatic C-H Bonds via TMPZnCl•LiCl Mediated Metalation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 92:356-372. [PMID: 28579651 DOI: 10.15227/orgsyn.092.0356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stacey L McDonald
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University Durham, NC 27708-0346 (USA)
| | | | - Katie J Bitting
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University Durham, NC 27708-0346 (USA)
| | - Qiu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University Durham, NC 27708-0346 (USA)
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McDonald SL, Hendrick CE, Wang Q. Copper-catalyzed electrophilic amination of heteroarenes and arenes by C-H zincation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:4667-70. [PMID: 24668522 PMCID: PMC4668583 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201311029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Direct amination of heteroarenes and arenes has been achieved in a one-pot CH zincation/copper-catalyzed electrophilic amination procedure. This amination method provides an efficient and rapid approach to access a diverse range of heteroaromatic and aromatic amines including those previously inaccessible using CH amination methods. The mild reaction conditions and good functional-group compatibility demonstrate its great potential for the synthesis of important and complex amines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Qiu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University Durham, NC 27708-0346 (USA)
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15
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McDonald SL, Hendrick CE, Wang Q. Copper-Catalyzed Electrophilic Amination of Heteroarenes and Arenes by CH Zincation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201311029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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16
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Design and synthesis of positional isomers of 5 and 6-bromo-1-[(phenyl)sulfonyl]-2-[(4-nitrophenoxy)methyl]-1H-benzimidazoles as possible antimicrobial and antitubercular agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:5228-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.06.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Revised: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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17
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Hofer S, Kratschmar DV, Schernthanner B, Vuorinen A, Schuster D, Odermatt A, Easmon J. Synthesis and biological analysis of benzazol-2-yl piperazine sulfonamides as 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:5397-400. [PMID: 23981897 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade the inhibition of the enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11β-HSD1) emerged as a promising new strategy to treat diabetes and several metabolic syndrome phenotypes. Using a molecular modeling approach and classical bioisosteric studies, we discovered a new class of 11β-HSD1 inhibitors bearing an arylsulfonylpiperazine scaffold. Optimization of the initial lead resulted in compound 11 that selectively inhibits 11β-HSD1 (IC50=0.7 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Hofer
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Leopold-Franzens-Universität, Centrum für Chemie und Biomedizin, Innsbruck, Austria
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18
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Chaturvedi AK, Negi AS, Khare P. A simple and straightforward synthesis of substituted 2-arylbenzimidazoles over silica gel. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra22435j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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19
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Andrez JC. Synthesis of 2-amino-imidazoles, purines, and benzoxazolamines through DIB oxidation. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra20101a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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20
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Khan KM, Shah Z, Ahmad VU, Ambreen N, Khan M, Taha M, Rahim F, Noreen S, Perveen S, Choudhary MI, Voelter W. 6-Nitrobenzimidazole derivatives: potential phosphodiesterase inhibitors: synthesis and structure-activity relationship. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 20:1521-6. [PMID: 22264761 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
6-Nitrobenzimidazole derivatives (1-30) synthesized and their phosphodiesterase inhibitory activities determined. Out of thirty tested compounds, ten showed a varying degrees of phosphodiesterase inhibition with IC(50) values between 1.5±0.043 and 294.0±16.7 μM. Compounds 30 (IC(50)=1.5±0.043 μM), 1 (IC(50)=2.4±0.049 μM), 11 (IC(50)=5.7±0.113 μM), 13 (IC(50)=6.4±0.148 μM), 14 (IC(50)=10.5±0.51 μM), 9 (IC(50)=11.49±0.08 μM), 3 (IC(50)=63.1±1.48 μM), 10 (IC(50)=120.0±4.47 μM), and 6 (IC(50)=153.2±5.6 μM) showed excellent phosphodiesterase inhibitory activity, much superior to the standard EDTA (IC(50)=274±0.007 μM), and thus are potential molecules for the development of a new class of phosphodiesterase inhibitors. A structure-activity relationship is evaluated. All compounds are characterized by spectroscopic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Khan
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
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21
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Wang SL, Ding J, Jiang B, Gao Y, Tu SJ. Microwave-assisted solvent-dependent reaction: chemoselective synthesis of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones, benzo[d]imidazoles and dipeptides. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2011; 13:572-7. [PMID: 21815688 DOI: 10.1021/co2001247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A microwave-assisted solvent-dependent chemoselective reaction dealing with 4-arylidene-2-phenyloxazol-5-ones and diverse ortho-diamines to achieve three types of molecular scaffolds, 3-benzylquinoxalin-2(1H)-ones, benzimidazole and β-amino dipeptides is reported. The procedures feature short reaction time, good to excellent yields, operational simplicity, as well as easily available starting materials. These compounds are of importance for organic chemistry and medicinal chemistry research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Liang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Xuzhou Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, P. R. China
| | - Jie Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Xuzhou Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, P. R. China
| | - Bo Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Xuzhou Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenzhen University, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Jiang Tu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Xuzhou Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, P. R. China
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22
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23
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Lee JH, Thanigaimalai P, Lee KC, Bang SC, Kim MS, Sharma VK, Yun CY, Roh E, Kim Y, Jung SH. Novel benzo[d]imidazole-2(3H)-thiones as potent inhibitors of the alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone induced melanogenesis in melanoma B16 cells. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2010; 58:918-21. [PMID: 20606337 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.58.918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In order to determine the optimum size of heterocycle of lead compound 1 (6-methyl-3-phenethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinoline-2-thione; IC(50)=0.8 microM) for inhibition of melanogenesis, we have synthesized and evaluated some benzimdazole-2(3H)-thiones 5a-e. The preliminary bioassay has shown that the benzimdazole-2(3H)-thione motif of 5 is essential structural unit for their inhibitory activity. Among all thiones 5a-e, the compound 5d strongly inhibited the formation of melanin with IC(50) value of 1.3 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Hyun Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
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24
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Arumugam N, Abd Hamid S, Abdul Rahim AS, Hemamalini M, Fun HK. Ethyl 1- tert-butyl-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1 H-benzimidazole-5-carboxylate. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2010; 66:o776-7. [PMID: 21580619 PMCID: PMC2984033 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536810007956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2010] [Accepted: 03/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the title molecule, C21H24N2O3, the imidazole ring is essentially planar, with a maxium deviation of 0.015 (1) Å. The dihedral angle between the benzene and imidazole rings is 65.47 (6)°. The crystal packing is stabilized by weak intermolecular C—H⋯O and C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming zigzag chains along the c axis. The crystal structure is further stabilized by C—H⋯π interactions.
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25
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Hadley JK, Halliwell JV. Serotonin modulates glutamatergic transmission in the rat olfactory tubercle. Eur J Neurosci 2010; 31:659-72. [PMID: 20141530 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07084.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The olfactory tubercle (OT) is found in the brains of mammals that are highly dependent on their sense of smell. Its human analogue is the poorly understood anterior perforated substance. Previous work on rat brain slices identified two types of field potential responses from the OT. The association fibre (AF) pathway was sensitive to muscarinic modulation, whereas the lateral olfactory tract (LOT) fibre pathway was not. Here, we establish that serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) also inhibits field potential excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in the AF, but not in the LOT fibre, pathway. Parallel experiments with adenosine (ADO) excluded ADO mediation of the 5-HT effect. Exogenous 5-HT at 30 microm caused a long-lasting approximately 40% reduction in the amplitude of AF postsynaptic responses, without affecting the time-course of EPSP decline, indicating a fairly restricted disposition of the 5-HT receptors responsible. The 5-HT(1)-preferring, 5-HT(5)-preferring and 5-HT(7)-preferring agonist 5-carboxamidotryptamine caused similar inhibition at approximately 100 nm. The 5-HT(1A)-preferring ligand 8-hydroxy-di-n-propylamino-tetralin at 10 microm, and the 5-HT uptake inhibitor citalopram at 3 microm, caused inhibition of AF-stimulated field potential responses in the 5-10% range. Order-of-potency information suggested a receptor of the 5-HT(1B) or 5-HT(1D) subtype. The 5-HT(1D) agonist L-694,247 (1 microm) suppressed the AF response by approximately 10% when used on its own. After washing out of L-694,427, inhibition by 30 microm 5-HT was reduced to negligible levels. Allowing for a partial agonist action of L-694,427 and complex interactions of 5-HT receptors within the OT, these results support the presence of active 5-HT(1D)-type receptors in the principal cell layer of the OT.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Hadley
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E6BT, UK
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26
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Guglielmo S, Bertinaria M, Rolando B, Crosetti M, Fruttero R, Yardley V, Croft SL, Gasco A. A new series of amodiaquine analogues modified in the basic side chain with in vitro antileishmanial and antiplasmodial activity. Eur J Med Chem 2009; 44:5071-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2009.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2009] [Revised: 07/08/2009] [Accepted: 09/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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El-Aasar NK, Saied KF. Synthesis of new thiazolidine and imidazolidine derivatives of pharmacological interest. J Heterocycl Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570450302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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28
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Tiwari AK, Mishra AK, Bajpai A, Mishra P, Singh S, Sinha D, Singh VK. Synthesis and evaluation of Novel Benzimidazole derivative [Bz-Im] and its radio/biological studies. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:2749-55. [PMID: 17368898 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.02.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2006] [Revised: 02/12/2007] [Accepted: 02/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Two different benzimidazole analogues act as multimodal agent, first one as novel non-peptidic CCK-B receptor antagonist and similarly as potent anti-fungal agent, designated as [Bz-Im]. These compounds were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic techniques such as FT-IR, NMR, EI-MS and also evaluated for specific radiopharmaceuticals. Preliminary radiolabeling results with (99m)Tc and biological evaluation studies showed promising results for further evaluation in vivo. The efficiency of labeling was more than 97% and complex was stable for about 12h at 30 degrees C in the presence of serum. Both ligands showed binding to most of the organs, known to express CCK receptors in biodistribution studies. Cholecystokinin (CCK(1) andCCK(2)) receptor binding affinities of these analogues are, IC(50), 0.942+/-0.107 for compound C and 0.665+/-0.211 for compound D in rat pancreatic acini. The anti-fungal activity has shown inhibitory activity against Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger. These studies have provided a new template for further development of non-peptidic ligands for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes of diseases related with CCK receptors as well as anti-microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjani K Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Lucknow University, Lucknow 226007, India
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29
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Ramla MM, Omar MA, El-Khamry AMM, El-Diwani HI. Synthesis and antitumor activity of 1-substituted-2-methyl-5-nitrobenzimidazoles. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:7324-32. [PMID: 16860558 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2006] [Revised: 06/20/2006] [Accepted: 06/21/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Different substituents were introduced in position 1 of 2-methyl-5(6)-nitro-1H-benzimidazole (2) in order to obtain different side chains having different heterocyclic compounds, for example, thiadiazoles (5-7), tetrazoles (8, 9a, b), triazoles (11-13), thiazoles (14a-e), triazines (10, 16, 17), and imidazoles (18a-c). The antitumor effect of compounds 1, 2, 2a, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9a, 10, 13, 14a, 15, 16, and 18c was studied against breast cancer (MCF7) and compounds 2 [IC(50)=4.52 microg] and 7 [IC(50)=8.29 microg] were found to be active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa M Ramla
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
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30
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Leopoldo M, Lacivita E, De Giorgio P, Colabufo NA, Niso M, Berardi F, Perrone R. Design, synthesis, and binding affinities of potential positron emission tomography (PET) ligands for visualization of brain dopamine D3 receptors. J Med Chem 2006; 49:358-65. [PMID: 16392820 DOI: 10.1021/jm050734s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We here report the synthesis of compounds structurally related to the high-affinity dopamine D(3) receptor ligand N-[4-[4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]butyl]-7-methoxy-2-benzofurancarboxamide (1). All compounds were specifically designed as potential PET radioligands for brain D(3) receptors visualization, having lipophilicity within a range for high brain uptake and weak nonspecific binding (2 < ClogP < 3.5) and bearing a methoxy substituent for easy access to labeling with the positron emitter isotope (11)C. N-[4-[4-(5-methoxy-2-benzisoxazolyl)piperazin-1-yl]butyl]-4-(4-morpholinyl)benzamide (22), N-[4-[4-(5-methoxy-2-benzisoxazolyl)piperazin-1-yl]butyl]-4-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzamide (23), and N-[4-[4-(5-methoxy-2-benzisoxazolyl)piperazin-1-yl]butyl]-5-(2-furanyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (24) displayed good D(3) receptor affinities (K(i) values 38.0, 22.6, and 21.3 nM, respectively) and were selective over D(2) receptor. Moreover, compounds 22-24 were able to permeate the Caco-2 cell monolayer, differently from compound 1. Although the goal to identify potential PET radioligands with subnanomolar affinities for D(3) receptor was not achieved, the proposed strategy could be a starting point for future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Leopoldo
- Università degli Studi di Bari, Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, via Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
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31
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Ortega F, Quintana A, Suárez E, Lukas JC, Jauregizar N, de la Fuente L, Lucero ML, Gonzalo A, Orjales A, Calvo R. Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Modeling of the Hydroxy Lerisetron Metabolite L6-OH in Rats: An Integrated Parent–Metabolite Model. Pharm Res 2005; 22:1769-82. [PMID: 16158214 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-005-7750-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2005] [Accepted: 08/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The twofold aim of this study was to characterize in vivo in rats the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of L6-OH, a metabolite of lerisetron with in vitro pharmacological activity, and evaluate the extent to which L6-OH contributes to the overall effect. METHODS The PK of L6-OH was determined directly postmetabolite i.v. dose (PK-1), and also simultaneously for L (lerisetron concentration) and for generated L6-OH after lerisetron dose (200 microg kg(-1), i.v.), using Nonlinear Mixed Effects Modeling with an integrated parent-metabolite PK model (PK-2). Surrogate effect was measured by inhibition of serotonin-induced bradycardia. Protein binding was assayed via ultrafiltration and all quantification was performed via liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. RESULTS L6-OH showed elevated plasma and renal clearances, and volume of distribution (PK-1). The in vivo potency (PD) of L6-OH was high (EC(50) = 0.098 ng mL(-1) and EC(50unbound) = 0.040 ng mL(-1)). Total clearance for L (PK-2) in the presence of generated L6-OH (CL(L) = CL(-->L6-OH) + CL(n)) was 0.0139 L min(-1). Most of this clearance was L6-OH formation (F(c) = 99.6%), but only an 8.6% fraction of L6-OH was released into the bloodstream. The remainder undergoes biliar and fecal elimination. The parameters estimated from PK-2 were used to predict concentrations of L6-OH (Cp(L6)) generated after a lerisetron therapeutic dose (10 microg kg(-1)) in the rat. These concentrations are needed for the PD model and are below the quantification limit. Cp(L6max) was less than the EC(50) of L6-OH. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that after lerisetron administration, L6-OH is extensively formed in the rat but it is quickly eliminated; therefore, besides being equipotent with the parent drug, the L6-OH metabolite does not influence the effect of lerisetron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Ortega
- Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
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32
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Mahesh R, Perumal RV, Pandi PV. Microwave assisted synthesis of 2-(4-substituted piperazin-1-yl)-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carbonitrile as a new class of serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 14:5179-81. [PMID: 15380223 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2004] [Revised: 07/24/2004] [Accepted: 07/26/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel 2-(4-substituted piperazin-1-yl)-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carbonitrile 6 were prepared by microwave irradiation and conventional heating. The intermediate, 2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carbonitrile 3, was prepared from 2-aminonicotinaldehyde 1 and ethyl cyanoacetate 2 in the presence of piperidine under solvent free condition. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for 5-HT3 antagonisms in longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus (LMMP) preparation from Guinea pig ileum against 5-HT3 agonist, 2-methyl-5-HT. Among the compounds tested, 2-(4-allylpiperazin-1-yl)-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carbonitrile 6d showed most favorable 5-HT3 receptor antagonism in the Guinea pig ileum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhakrishnan Mahesh
- Pharmacy Group, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333 031, Rajasthan, India.
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33
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Tabarrini O, Stevens M, Cecchetti V, Sabatini S, Dell'Uomo M, Manfroni G, Palumbo M, Pannecouque C, De Clercq E, Fravolini A. Structure modifications of 6-aminoquinolones with potent anti-HIV activity. J Med Chem 2004; 47:5567-78. [PMID: 15481992 DOI: 10.1021/jm049721p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have recently discovered that 6-aminoquinolone derivatives could be valid leads for the development of new anti-HIV agents because of their new and diversified mode of action. In fact, studies carried out on the lead WM5 showed that this derivative is able to inhibit the Tat-mediated long terminal repeat driven transcription, an essential step in the HIV-1 replication cycle. Thus, starting from lead WM5, we performed the design and synthesis of an enlarged series of 6-aminoquinolones, which permitted some very potent anti-HIV 6-amino derivatives to be obtained and the structure-activity relationship to be delineated. Some derivatives, 26c, 26e, 26i, and 26j, proved to be highly effective in inhibiting HIV replication at 50% inhibitory concentration in the range of 0.0087-0.7 microg/mL in MT-4, PBMCs and CEM cell lines coupled with positive selectivity indexes that reach values higher than 1000 on CEM cell lines for compounds 26e and 26i. Time-of-addition experiments clearly confirm that the new, potent 6-aminoquinolones interact at a postintegration step in the replication cycle of HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriana Tabarrini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università di Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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34
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Leopoldo M, Berardi F, Colabufo NA, Contino M, Lacivita E, Niso M, Perrone R, Tortorella V. Structure−Affinity Relationship Study onN-(1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)-4-Aryl-1-Piperazinealkylamides, a New Class of 5-Hydroxytryptamine7Receptor Agents. J Med Chem 2004; 47:6616-24. [PMID: 15588097 DOI: 10.1021/jm049702f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of N-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)-4-aryl-1-piperazinealkylamides was prepared and their affinity for serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) 5-HT7, 5-HT(1A), and 5-HT(2A) receptors was measured by in vitro binding assays. In relation to 5-HT7 receptor affinity, receptor binding studies indicated that (i) the optimal alkyl chain length was five methylenes, (ii) an unsubstituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalenyl nucleus was preferred, and (iii) the substitution pattern of the aryl ring linked to the piperazine ring played a crucial role. Several compound with high affinity for 5-HT7 receptors were identified. Among them, 4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-N-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)-1-piperazinehexanamide (28), 4-(2-acetylphenyl)-N-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)-1-piperazinehexanamide (34), 4-(2-methylthiophenyl)-N-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)-1-piperazinehexanamide (44), 4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-N-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)-1-piperazinehexanamide (46), and 4-(2-methylphenyl)-N-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)-1-piperazinehexanamide (49) were assayed for the 5-HT7 receptor-mediated relaxation of substance P-induced guinea pig ileum contraction. Compounds 28, 44, and 49 behaved as full agonists and compound 34 as a partial agonist, whereas derivative 46 acted as an antagonist. Among the compounds presented here, it emerged that 44 was identified as a potent 5-HT7 receptor agonist (Ki = 0.22 nM, EC50 = 2.56 microM), endowed with selectivity over 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(2A) receptors (200-fold and >1000-fold, respectively).
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MESH Headings
- Amides/chemical synthesis
- Amides/chemistry
- Amides/pharmacology
- Animals
- Brain/drug effects
- Brain/metabolism
- Guinea Pigs
- Ileum/drug effects
- Ileum/physiology
- In Vitro Techniques
- Ligands
- Muscle Contraction/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth/physiology
- Piperazines/chemical synthesis
- Piperazines/chemistry
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Radioligand Assay
- Rats
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A/drug effects
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A/metabolism
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/drug effects
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/metabolism
- Receptors, Serotonin/drug effects
- Receptors, Serotonin/metabolism
- Serotonin Antagonists/chemical synthesis
- Serotonin Antagonists/chemistry
- Serotonin Antagonists/pharmacology
- Serotonin Receptor Agonists/chemical synthesis
- Serotonin Receptor Agonists/chemistry
- Serotonin Receptor Agonists/pharmacology
- Stereoisomerism
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Tetrahydronaphthalenes/chemical synthesis
- Tetrahydronaphthalenes/chemistry
- Tetrahydronaphthalenes/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Leopoldo
- Dipartimento Farmaco-Chimico, Università degli Studi di Bari, via Orabona, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
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35
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Iriepa I, Villasante FJ, Gálvez E, Bellanato J, Martín A, Gómez-Sal P. Synthesis, spectroscopic and crystallographic study of some carbamates from an azabicyclic chloroformate and primary heterocyclic amines. NEW J CHEM 2004. [DOI: 10.1039/b309065e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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36
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Orjales A, Mosquera R, Toledo A, Pumar MC, García N, Cortizo L, Labeaga L, Innerárity A. Syntheses and Binding Studies of New [(Aryl)(aryloxy)methyl]piperidine Derivatives and Related Compounds as Potential Antidepressant Drugs with High Affinity for Serotonin (5-HT) and Norepinephrine (NE) Transporters. J Med Chem 2003; 46:5512-32. [PMID: 14640559 DOI: 10.1021/jm0309349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In a wide search program toward new, efficient, and fast-acting antidepressant drugs, we have prepared series of new compounds having an (aryl)(aryloxy)methyl moiety linked directly or through a methylene chain to different substituted and unsubstituted cycles (isoquinoline, piperazine, piperidine, tetrahydropyran, or cyclopentane). These compounds have been evaluated for their affinities for serotonin (5-HT) transporter (SERT) and 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(2A) receptors. Racemic mixtures of 4-[(aryl)(aryloxy)methyl]piperidine derivatives showed much higher affinity values for SERT than fluoxetine and resulted in lack of affinity for 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(2A) receptors. Some of these racemic mixtures were resolved to their enantiomers and tested for binding to norepinephrine (NE) transporter (NET), dopamine (DA) transporter (DAT), and alpha(2) receptor. Several of these enantiomers [(-)-15b, (-)-15j, (-)-15t, (+)-15u] displayed a dual binding profile with affinities for SERT and NET with K(i) < 25 nM and a NET/SERT ratio <10. Compound (-)-15j (coded as F-98214-TA for development studies) showed a dual binding profile with very high affinity values for SERT and NET (K(i) = 1.9 and 13.5 nM, respectively), and further pharmacological characterization is in progress for its evaluation as a antidepressant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelio Orjales
- FAES FARMA S A, Research Department, Máximo Aguirre 14, 48940 Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain.
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37
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López-Tudanca PL, Labeaga L, Innerárity A, Alonso-Cires L, Tapia I, Mosquera R, Orjales A. Synthesis and pharmacological characterization of a new benzoxazole derivative as a potent 5-HT3 receptor agonist. Bioorg Med Chem 2003; 11:2709-14. [PMID: 12788344 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(03)00243-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
N-(2-Benzoxazol-2-yl-ethyl)-guanidine hydrochloride (10) was synthesized and pharmacologically tested. This compound showed high affinity for the 5-HT(3) receptor (K(i)=0.77 nM) and potently triggered the von Bezold-Jarisch reflex (BJR) in rats with an ED(50)=0.52 microg/kg iv and intrinsic activity next to 1 (i.a.=0.94). This stimulant effect was abolished by pretreatment with the 5-HT(3) receptor antagonist granisetron and was subject to a rapid and pronounced tachyphylaxis, due to desensitization of the peripheric cardiac 5-HT(3) receptor. Consequently, 10 acts as an in vivo 5-HT(3) antagonist inhibiting the BJR responses evoked by submaximal doses of 5-HT with an ID(50)=5.8 microg/kg iv.
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38
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Jauregizar N, Quintana A, Suarez E, Raczka E, de la Fuente L, Calvo R. Age-related changes in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of lerisetron in the rat: a population pharmacokinetic model. Gerontology 2003; 49:205-14. [PMID: 12792155 DOI: 10.1159/000070400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2002] [Accepted: 07/04/2002] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of studying the effects of age on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of lerisetron - a new 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 (serotonin) receptor antagonist - comes from the facts that lerisetron will be administered to patients that are being treated with cytotoxic drugs and that the elderly frequently suffer from neoplastic diseases. OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to explore the effects of age on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of lerisetron by using an aged rat model. A mixed-effects population study was carried out in order to analyze the sparse data and to create covariate models which could be used to derive dosage recommendations. METHODS Fischer 344 rats (n = 44) were divided into three groups, depending on their age: 5, 13, and 25 months. Blood samples were collected before administration of 200 micro g/kg of lerisetron for measurements of albumin, alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein, and unbound fraction of lerisetron. The lerisetron plasma concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. A two-compartment model was fitted to the data using the nonlinear mixed-effects computer program WinNonMix. The population analysis was performed with the complete set of the collected data, and the potential sources of variability in the population parameters were investigated. Additionally, a pharmacodynamic study was performed. The effect of lerisetron (inhibition of the von Bezold-Jarisch reflex) was evaluated in young, adult, and senescent Fischer 344 rats. RESULTS The mean values of the individual Bayes estimates of the parameters showed a decrease in total clearance and distribution volume of the central compartment in old rats. The lerisetron free (unbound) fraction remained unchanged among the groups, and there were no significant differences in alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein levels. The concentration-effect relationship was best described by a sigmoid E(max) model. Since the drug concentration in plasma at half-maximal effect (EC(50)) decreased in old rats, an increased sensitivity to the effect of lerisetron in old animals could be expected. CONCLUSION Both pharmacokinetic changes (decreased volume of distribution and clearance and increased elimination half-life) and pharmacodynamic alterations (decrease in total and unbound EC(50)) may be responsible for the different responses to lerisetron observed in old rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Jauregizar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
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39
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El-Jaber N, Estévez-Braun A, Ravelo AG, Muñoz-Muñoz O, Rodríguez-Afonso A, Murguia JR. Acetylenic acids from the aerial parts of Nanodea muscosa. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2003; 66:722-724. [PMID: 12762819 DOI: 10.1021/np020513e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The aerial parts of Nanodea muscosa, collected in Chile, yielded two new acetylenic acids. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses, including 2D NMR techniques, as (13E)-octadec-13-en-11-ynoic acid (1) and (2E)-octadec-2-en-4-ynedioic acid (2). Compound 2 constitutes the first example of a conjugated ene-yne fatty diacid isolated from a natural source. Compounds 1 and 2 did not exhibit toxicity toward a panel of DNA damage checkpoint defective yeast mutants or show affinity for the 5-HT(1A), 5-HT(2A), D(2), and H(1) receptors.
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MESH Headings
- Alkynes
- Chile
- DNA Damage/drug effects
- Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/chemistry
- Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/isolation & purification
- Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/pharmacology
- Molecular Structure
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/drug effects
- Receptors, Histamine H1/drug effects
- Receptors, Serotonin/drug effects
- Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT1
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae/drug effects
- Santalaceae/chemistry
- Stereoisomerism
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Affiliation(s)
- N El-Jaber
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González-González, Avenida Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez No. 2, La Laguna, 38206 Tenerife, Spain
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40
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Venkataraman P, Joshi P, Venkatachalan SP, Muthalagi M, Parihar HS, Kirschbaum KS, Schulte MK. Functional group interactions of a 5-HT3R antagonist. BMC BIOCHEMISTRY 2002; 3:16. [PMID: 12079499 PMCID: PMC116678 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2091-3-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2002] [Accepted: 06/13/2002] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lerisetron, a competitive serotonin type 3 receptor (5-HT3R) antagonist, contains five functional groups capable of interacting with amino acids in the 5-HT3R binding site. Site directed mutagenesis studies of the 5-HT3AR have revealed several amino acids that are thought to form part of the binding domain of this receptor. The specific functional groups on the ligand that interact with these amino acids are, however, unknown. Using synthetic analogs of lerisetron as molecular probes in combination with site directed mutagenesis, we have identified some of these interactions and have proposed a model of the lerisetron binding site. RESULTS Two analogs of lerisetron were synthesized to probe 5-HT3R functional group interactions with this compound. Analog 1 lacks the N1 benzyl group of lerisetron and analog 2 contains oxygen in place of the distal piperazine nitrogen. Both analogs show significantly decreased binding affinity to wildtype 5-HT3ASRs. Mutations at W89, R91, Y142 and Y152 produced significant decreases in binding compared to wildtype receptors. Binding affinities of analogs 1 and 2 were altered only by mutations at W89, and Y152. CONCLUSIONS Based on the data obtained for lerisetron and analogs 1 and 2, we have proposed a tentative model of the lerisetron binding pocket of the 5-HT3ASR. According to this model, The N-benzyl group interacts in a weak interaction with R91 while the benzimidazole group interacts with W89. Our data support an interaction of the distal amino nitrogen with Y142 and Y152.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmavati Venkataraman
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology Northwestern University Evanston, IL 60208-3520, USA
| | - Prasad Joshi
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA
| | - Srinivasan P Venkatachalan
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA
| | - Mani Muthalagi
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA
| | - Harish S Parihar
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA
| | - Karen S Kirschbaum
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA
| | - Marvin K Schulte
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA
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41
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Venkataraman P, Venkatachalan SP, Joshi PR, Muthalagi M, Schulte MK. Identification of critical residues in loop E in the 5-HT3ASR binding site. BMC BIOCHEMISTRY 2002; 3:15. [PMID: 12079500 PMCID: PMC117120 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2091-3-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2002] [Accepted: 06/13/2002] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The serotonin type 3 receptor (5-HT3R) is a member of a superfamily of ligand gated ion channels. All members of this family share a large degree of sequence homology and presumably significant structural similarity. A large number of studies have explored the structure-function relationships of members of this family, particularly the nicotinic and GABA receptors. This information can be utilized to gain additional insights into specific structural and functional features of other receptors in this family. RESULTS Thirteen amino acids in the mouse 5-HT3ASR that correspond to the putative E binding loop of the nicotinic alpha7 receptor were chosen for mutagenesis. Due to the presence of a highly conserved glycine in this region, it has been suggested that this binding loop is comprised of a hairpin turn and may form a portion of the ligand-binding site in this ion channel family. Mutation of the conserved glycine (G147) to alanine eliminated binding of the 5-HT3R antagonist [3H]granisetron. Three tyrosine residues (Y140, Y142 and Y152) also significantly altered the binding of 5-HT3R ligands. Mutations in neighboring residues had little or no effect on binding of these ligands to the 5-HT3ASR. CONCLUSION Our data supports a role for the putative E-loop region of the 5-HT3R in the binding of 5-HT, mCPBG, d-tc and lerisetron. 5-HT and mCPBG interact with Y142, d-tc with Y140 and lerisetron with both Y142 and Y152. Our data also provides support for the hypothesis that this region of the receptor is present in a loop structure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Srinivasan P Venkatachalan
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Louisiana at Monroe 700 University Ave. Monroe, LA 71209, USA
| | - Prasad R Joshi
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Louisiana at Monroe 700 University Ave. Monroe, LA 71209, USA
| | - Mani Muthalagi
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Louisiana at Monroe 700 University Ave. Monroe, LA 71209, USA
| | - Marvin K Schulte
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Louisiana at Monroe 700 University Ave. Monroe, LA 71209, USA
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42
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43
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Iriepa I, Villasante FJ, Gálvez E, Labeaga L, Innerarity A, Orjales A. Synthesis and pharmacology of isoquinuclidine derivatives as 5-HT(3) ligands. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:189-92. [PMID: 11755351 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00693-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoates and benzamides containing the 5- and 6-isoquinuclidinyl system was synthesised and evaluated for binding to 5-HT(3), 5-HT(4) and D(2) receptors. In general, the isoquinuclidine derivatives at the 5-position have shown to be more potent as 5-HT(3) ligands but they also possess 5-HT(4) and D(2) properties. However, the results show that the derivatives at the 6-position afforded the most promising compounds in terms of both receptor affinity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Iriepa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33,600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
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44
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Jauregizar N, Calvo R, Suarez E, Quintana A, Raczka E, Lukas JC. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacological effect of lerisetron, a new 5-HT3 antagonist, in rats. J Pharm Sci 2002; 91:41-52. [PMID: 11782896 DOI: 10.1002/jps.1169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of lerisetron, a novel 5HT(3) antagonist, are studied together with its efficacy in inhibiting the serotonin (5-HT)-evoked transient bradycardia reflex (von Bezold-Jarisch reflex) in Sprague Dawley rats. [(14)C]Lerisetron (50, 100, and 200 microg/kg) was given to rats by intravenous (iv) injection and plasma levels of unchanged (UL) and total (unchanged + changed, TL) drug were measured by liquid chromatography with radioactivity monitoring and scintillation counting, respectively. Linearity of UL and TL pharmacokinetics over the dose range was established by noncompartmental analysis. Protein binding of lerisetron was measured in vitro by ultrafiltration. The unbound fraction was 14.4 +/- 1.4%. A nonlinear mixed effects ("population") bicompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis showed that volume of distribution and clearance (CL) were high for both forms of the drug, but CL was significantly smaller for TL [(mean +/- SEM) 0.014 +/- 0.03 L/min for UL versus 0.006 +/- 0.03 L/min for TL, p < 0.05)]. Large interindividual variabilities were observed for both forms. The response to lerisetron administration (inhibition of bradycardia) was evaluated at different doses (2, 3, 5, 6, and 10 microg/kg, iv) at times 2-180 min after dose administration and related to simulated concentrations. Inhibition was 100% 5 min after the 10-microg/kg dose and, 3 h later, it was still > 10%. Response to lerisetron was dose related in the range studied. Pharmacodynamic parameters were estimated by a sigmoid E(max) naive-pooled model. The parameters were also different between the two forms: EC(50) was 0.44 ng/mL (CV = 5.9%) for UL and 0.88 ng/mL (CV = 4.9%) for TL. We conclude that UL and TL pharmacokinetics were linear and that the differences in the kinetics and dynamics between the two forms suggest the presence of at least one metabolite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Jauregizar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Vizcaya 48940, Spain
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45
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Parihar HS, Suryanarayanan A, Ma C, Joshi P, Venkataraman P, Schulte MK, Kirschbaum KS. 5-HT(3)R binding of lerisetron: an interdisciplinary approach to drug-Receptor interactions. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:2133-6. [PMID: 11514154 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00417-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The design, synthesis, and use of lerisetron-based molecular probes to investigate the 5-HT(3)R binding site are described. A SAR study, which involved distance and electronic parameter modifications of lerisetron's N-benzyl group, resulted in the discovery of a partial agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Parihar
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Louisiana at Monroe, 700 University Avenue, Monroe, LA 71209, USA
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46
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López-Rodríguez ML, Benhamú B, Viso A, Morcillo MJ, Murcia M, Orensanz L, Alfaro MJ, Martín MI. Benzimidazole derivatives. Part 1: Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of new benzimidazole-4-carboxamides and carboxylates as potent and selective 5-HT4 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 1999; 7:2271-81. [PMID: 10632037 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(99)00172-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
New benzimidazole-4-carboxamides 1-16 and -carboxylates 17-26 were synthesized and evaluated for binding affinity at serotonergic 5-HT4 and 5-HT3 receptors in the CNS. Most of the synthesized compounds exhibited moderate-to-very high affinity (in many cases subnanomolar) for the 5-HT4 binding site and no significant affinity for the 5-HT3 receptor. SAR observations and structural analyses (molecular modeling, INSIGHT II) indicated that the presence of a voluminous substituent in the basic nitrogen atom of the amino moiety and a distance of ca. 8.0 A from this nitrogen to the aromatic ring are of great importance for high affinity and selectivity for 5-HT4 receptors. These results confirm our recently proposed model for recognition by the 5-HT4 binding site. Amides 12-15 and esters 24 and 25 bound at central 5-HT4 sites with very high affinity (Ki = 0.11-2.9 nM) and excellent selectivity over serotonin 5-HT3, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT1A receptors (Ki > 1000-10,000 nM). Analogues 12 (Ki(5-HT4) = 0.32 nM), 13 (Ki(5-HT4) = 0.11 nM), 14 (Ki(5-HT4) = 0.29 nM) and 15 (Ki(5-HT4) = 0.54 nM) were pharmacologically characterized as selective 5-HT4 antagonists in the isolated guinea pig ileum (pA2 = 7.6, 7.9, 8.2 and 7.9, respectively), with a potency comparable to the 5-HT4 receptor antagonist RS 39604 (pA2 = 8.2). The benzimidazole-4-carboxylic acid derivatives described in this paper represent a novel class of potent and selective 5-HT4 receptor antagonists. In particular, compounds 12-15 could be interesting pharmacological tools for the understanding of the role of 5-HT4 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L López-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.
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47
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Tapia I, Alonso-Cires L, López-Tudanca PL, Mosquera R, Labeaga L, Innerárity A, Orjales A. 2,3-Dihydro-2-oxo-1H-benzimidazole-1-carboxamides with selective affinity for the 5-HT(4) receptor: synthesis and structure-affinity and structure-activity relationships of a new series of partial agonist and antagonist derivatives. J Med Chem 1999; 42:2870-80. [PMID: 10425096 DOI: 10.1021/jm981098j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of 2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-1H-benzimidazole-1-carboxamide derivatives bearing a piperazine moiety was synthesized. Their in vitro 5-HT(4), 5-HT(3), and D(2) receptors affinities were evaluated by radioligand binding assay. For selected compounds functional studies at the 5-HT(4) receptor were made by using precontracted (by carbachol) preparations of rat esophageal tunica muscularis mucosae (TMM). The influence of the 3-substituent of the benzimidazole ring, the 4-substituent of the piperazine moiety, and the alkylene spacer was studied. Compounds with an ethyl or a cyclopropyl substituent in the 3-position of the benzimidazole ring showed moderate to high affinity (K(i) = 6.7-75.4 nM) for the 5-HT(4) receptor with selectivity over 5-HT(3) and D(2) receptors and moderate antagonist activity (pK(b) = 6.19-7.73). Compounds with an isopropyl substituent in the 3-benzimidazole position exhibited moderate and selective 5-HT(4) affinity (K(i) >/= 38.9 nM) and a partial agonist activity (5a, i.a. = 0.94) higher than that of the reference compound BIMU 8 (i.a. = 0.70). This reversal of the pharmacological activity due only to a small structural difference might confirm the existence of two binding sites on the 5-HT(4) receptor. In the alkylene spacer, a two-methylene chain is favorable to optimize the affinity and the antagonist or the partial agonist activity. In the ethyl and cyclopropyl series, 5-HT(4) antagonist activity seems to be unrelated to the size of the 4-substituent of the piperazine moiety, whereas a methyl group is optimal for high partial agonist activity in the isopropyl series; however, the presence of a butyl substituent is a favorable pattern for 5-HT(4) antagonism and even causes a reversal of the pharmacological profile in the isopropyl series (5h, pK(b) = 7.94). N-Butyl quaternization of 5a led to an improvement in affinity for the 5-HT(4) receptor and mantained the high partial agonist activity (5r, K(i) = 66.3 nM, i.a. = 0.93).
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MESH Headings
- Amides/chemical synthesis
- Amides/chemistry
- Amides/metabolism
- Amides/pharmacology
- Animals
- Benzimidazoles/chemical synthesis
- Benzimidazoles/chemistry
- Benzimidazoles/metabolism
- Benzimidazoles/pharmacology
- Corpus Striatum/metabolism
- Entorhinal Cortex/metabolism
- Esophagus/drug effects
- Esophagus/physiology
- Guinea Pigs
- In Vitro Techniques
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth/physiology
- Radioligand Assay
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/drug effects
- Receptors, Serotonin/drug effects
- Receptors, Serotonin/metabolism
- Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT3
- Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT4
- Serotonin Antagonists/chemical synthesis
- Serotonin Antagonists/chemistry
- Serotonin Antagonists/pharmacology
- Serotonin Receptor Agonists/chemical synthesis
- Serotonin Receptor Agonists/chemistry
- Serotonin Receptor Agonists/pharmacology
- Structure-Activity Relationship
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Affiliation(s)
- I Tapia
- Departamento de Investigación, FAES, S.A., Máximo Aguirre 14, 48940 Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
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49
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Sequential mono-N-arylation of piperazine nitrogens. Part 1: A simplified method and its application to the preparation of a key N,N′-biaryl piperazine antifungal intermediate. Tetrahedron Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(99)01103-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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50
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Gomez-de-Segura IA, Grande AG, De Miguel E. Antiemetic effects of Lerisetron in radiation-induced emesis in the dog. Acta Oncol 1999; 37:759-63. [PMID: 10050999 DOI: 10.1080/028418698430160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The 5-HT3 receptor antagonists are the most potent antiemetics known at present. Lerisetron is a new 5-HT3 receptor antagonist chemically unrelated to other antagonists like Ondansetron. An emesis model in the dog induced by irradiation with 60Co was used, and 8 Gy were administered over the total body surface. An irradiated control group was established and received no medication, and two irradiated groups received treatment with either Ondansetron or Lerisetron. The 'up-down' technique was employed to determine the effective dose (ED50). A logarithmic-scale was used to increase or decrease the doses in each case. The initial doses were 300 microg/kg for Ondansetron and 100 microg/kg for Lerisetron. All animals in the control group vomited. The ED50 of Ondansetron was 178+/-151 microg/kg body wt and that of Lerisetron was 63+/-18 microg/kg. Lerisetron is more potent and presented less individual variability than Ondansetron, but its antiemetic effects were equally effective.
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