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Javed HMA, Sarfaraz M, Nisar MZ, Qureshi AA, e Alam MF, Que W, Yin X, Abd‐Rabboh HSM, Shahid A, Ahmad MI, Ullah S. Plasmonic Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells: Fundamentals, Recent Developments, and Future Perspectives. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Muhammad Asif Javed
- Department of Physics University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38000 Faisalabad Pakistan
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory School of Electronic & Information Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 Shaanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Sarfaraz
- Department of Physics University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38000 Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - M. Zubair Nisar
- Department of Physics University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38000 Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Akbar Ali Qureshi
- School of Chemical & Materials Engineering National University of Sciences & Technology Islamabad Pakistan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan 60000 Pakistan
| | - M. Fakhar e Alam
- Department of Physics GC University Faisalabad Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan
| | - Wenxiu Que
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory School of Electronic & Information Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 Shaanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Xingtian Yin
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory School of Electronic & Information Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 Shaanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Hisham S. M. Abd‐Rabboh
- Chemistry Department Faculty of Science King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004 Abha 61413 Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Ain Shams University, Abbassia Cairo 11566 Egypt
| | - Arslan Shahid
- Department of Physics University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38000 Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - M. Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Physics University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38000 Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Sana Ullah
- Department of Physics Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and information technology Pakistan
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2
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Prakash O, Saxena V, Bedi R, Debnath A, Mahajan A. Solution processable transition metal oxide ultra-thin films as alternative electron transport and hole blocking layers in dye sensitized solar cells. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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3
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Nascimento LL, Brussasco JG, Garcia IA, Paula LF, Polo AS, Patrocinio AOT. Aluminum oxides as alternative building blocks for efficient layer-by-layerblocking layers in dye-sensitized solar cells. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 33:055002. [PMID: 33080580 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abc30e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
All inorganic layer-by-layer (LbL) thin films composed by TiO2nanoparticles and [Al(OH)4]-anions (TiO2/AlOx) as well as Al2O3and Nb2O5nanoparticles (Al2O3/Nb2O5) have been deposited to fluorine-doped tin-oxide coated glass (FTO) surfaces and applied as blocking layers in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). Structural and morphological characterization of the LbL films by different techniques reveal that inTiO2/AlOxassembly, aluminate anions undergo condensation reactions on the TiO2surface leading to the formation of highly homogeneous films with unique optical properties. After 25 depositions transmittance losses below 10% in relation to the bare FTO substrate are observed. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy shows thatTiO2/AlOxlayers impose an effective barrier for the charge recombination at FTO/electrolyte interface with an electron exchange time constant 50-fold higher than that for bare FTO. As a result, an improvement of 85% in the overall conversion efficiency of DSCs was observed with the employment of TiO2/AlOxblocking layers.Al2O3/Nb2O5LbL films can also work as blocking layers in DSCs but not as efficient, which is associated with the poor homogeneity of the film and its capacitive behavior. The production of cost-effective blocking layers with a low light scattering in the visible region is an important feature toward the application of DSC in other Building-integrated photovoltaic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas L Nascimento
- Laboratory of Photochemistry and Materials Science-LAFOT-CM, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Jessica G Brussasco
- Laboratory of Photochemistry and Materials Science-LAFOT-CM, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Igor A Garcia
- Laboratory of Photochemistry and Materials Science-LAFOT-CM, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Leonardo F Paula
- Laboratory of Photochemistry and Materials Science-LAFOT-CM, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - A S Polo
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, 09210-580 Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio Otavio T Patrocinio
- Laboratory of Photochemistry and Materials Science-LAFOT-CM, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
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4
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Szaniawska E, Wadas A, Ramanitra HH, Fodeke EA, Brzozowska K, Chevillot-Biraud A, Santoni MP, Rutkowska IA, Jouini M, Kulesza PJ. Visible-light-driven CO 2 reduction on dye-sensitized NiO photocathodes decorated with palladium nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2020; 10:31680-31690. [PMID: 35520659 PMCID: PMC9056418 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04673f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The thin-layer-stacked dye-sensitized NiO photocathodes decorated with palladium nanoparticles (nPd) can be used for the visible-light-driven selective reduction of CO2, mostly to CO, at potentials starting as low as 0 V vs. RHE (compared to −0.6 V in the dark for electrocatalysis). The photosensitization of NiO by the organic dye P1, with a surface coverage of 1.5 × 10−8 mol cm−2, allows the hybrid material to absorb light in the 400–650 nm range. In addition, it improves the stability and the catalytic activity of the final material decorated with palladium nanoparticles (nPd). The resulting multi-layered-type photocathode operates according to the electron-transfer-cascade mechanism. On the one hand, the photosensitizer P1 plays a central role as it generates excited-state electrons and transfers them to nPd, thus producing the catalytically active hydride material PdHx. On the other hand, the dispersed nPd, absorb/adsorb hydrogen and accumulate electrons, thus easing the reductive electrocatalysis process by further driving the separation of charges at the photoelectrochemical interface. Surface analysis, morphology, and roughness have been assessed using SEM, EDS, and AFM imaging. Both conventional electrochemical and photoelectrochemical experiments have been performed to confirm the catalytic activity of hybrid photocathodes toward the CO2 reduction. The recorded cathodic photocurrents have been found to be dependent on the loading of Pd nanoparticles. A sufficient amount of loaded catalyst facilitates the electron transfer cascade, making the amount of dye grafted at the surface of the electrode the limiting parameter in catalysis. The formation of CO as the main reaction product is postulated, though the formation of traces of other small organic molecules (e.g. methanol) cannot be excluded. (A) Cross-section view of the stack of active layers constituting a hybrid photocathode for CO2 reduction. (B) Structure of dye P1 sensitizing the NiO semiconductor. (C) Energy-level matching between components of the modified photocathode.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Szaniawska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw Pasteura 1 PL-02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Anna Wadas
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw Pasteura 1 PL-02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | | | | | - Kamila Brzozowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw Pasteura 1 PL-02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | | | | | - Iwona A Rutkowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw Pasteura 1 PL-02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | | | - Pawel J Kulesza
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw Pasteura 1 PL-02-093 Warsaw Poland
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5
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Bonomo M, Di Girolamo D, Piccinni M, Dowling DP, Dini D. Electrochemically Deposited NiO Films as a Blocking Layer in p-Type Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells with an Impressive 45% Fill Factor. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10010167. [PMID: 31963615 PMCID: PMC7023451 DOI: 10.3390/nano10010167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The enhancement of photoelectrochemical conversion efficiency of p-type dye-sensitized solar cells (p-DSSCs) is necessary to build up effective tandem devices in which both anode and cathode are photoactive. The efficiency of a p-type device (2.5%) is roughly one order of magnitude lower than the n-type counterparts (13.1%), thus limiting the overall efficiency of the tandem cell, especially in terms of powered current density. This is mainly due to the recombination reaction that occurs especially at the photocathode (or Indium-doped Tin Oxide (ITO))/electrolyte interface. To minimize this phenomenon, a widely employed strategy is to deposit a compact film of NiO (acting as a blocking electrode) beneath the porous electrode. Here, we propose electrodeposition as a cheap, easy scalable and environmental-friendly approach to deposit nanometric films directly on ITO glass. The results are compared to a blocking layer made by means of sol-gel technique. Cells embodying a blocking layer substantially outperformed the reference device. Among them, BL_1.10V shows the best photoconversion efficiency (0.166%) and one of the highest values of fill factor (approaching 46%) ever reported. This is mainly due to an optimized surface roughness of the blocking layer assuring a good deposition of the porous layer. The effectiveness of the implementation of the blocking layer is further proved by means of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bonomo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome LA SAPIENZA, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (D.D.G.); (M.P.)
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Interdepartmental Centre and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Turin, via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Diego Di Girolamo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome LA SAPIENZA, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (D.D.G.); (M.P.)
| | - Marco Piccinni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome LA SAPIENZA, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (D.D.G.); (M.P.)
| | - Denis P. Dowling
- School of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland;
| | - Danilo Dini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome LA SAPIENZA, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.B.); (D.D.G.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence:
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6
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Yan W, Huo MM, Hu R, Wang Y. Working area effects on the energetic distribution of trap states and charge dynamics of dye-sensitized solar cells. RSC Adv 2019; 9:1734-1740. [PMID: 35518008 PMCID: PMC9059758 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09330j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Measuring the transient photoelectric signals (photovoltage or photocurrent) after optically perturbing dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) can provide information about electron transport and recombination. Herein, the energetic distribution of trap states in different working areas of DSSCs (0.16 cm2vs. 1 cm2) and their impacts on charge transport and recombination were investigated by means of time-resolved charge extraction (TRCE), transient photovoltage (TPV) and transient photocurrent (TPC) measurements. The results indicated that increasing the working area deepened the energetic distribution of trap states (i.e., increased the mean characteristic energy kBT0), which hindered the electron transport within the photoanode, accelerated the electron recombination in high voltage regions, and reduced the charge collection efficiency. All abovementioned are the inherent reasons why the JSC in larger working area cells is significantly smaller than that in smaller area cells (11.58 mA cm−2vs. 17.17 mA cm−2). More importantly, as the investigation of high-efficiency large area solar cells is currently a promising research topic for new solar cells, we describe the importance of photoanode optimization to achieve high-efficiency DSSCs with large working area by improving charge collection efficiency. The larger working area will deepen the energetic distribution of traps states of dye-sensitized solar cells.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yan
- Laser Research Institute
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Ming-Ming Huo
- Laser Research Institute
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)
- Qingdao
- China
| | - Rong Hu
- Research Institute for New Materials Technology
- Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Yong Wang
- Laser Research Institute
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)
- Qingdao
- China
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7
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Badr MH, El‐Kemary M, Ali FA, Ghazy R. Effect of TiCl
4
‐based TiO
2
compact and blocking layers on efficiency of dye‐sensitized solar cells. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201800251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H. Badr
- Physics Department, Faculty of ScienceMenoufia University Shebin El‐Kom Egypt
| | - Maged El‐Kemary
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of ScienceKafrelsheikh University Kafr El‐Sheikh Egypt
| | - Farag A. Ali
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of ScienceMenoufia University Shebin El‐Kom Egypt
| | - Reham Ghazy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of ScienceMenoufia University Shebin El‐Kom Egypt
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8
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Catalyst-Doped Anodic TiO2 Nanotubes: Binder-Free Electrodes for (Photo)Electrochemical Reactions. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8110555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotubes of the transition metal oxide, TiO2, prepared by electrochemical anodization have been investigated and utilized in many fields because of their specific physical and chemical properties. However, the usage of bare anodic TiO2 nanotubes in (photo)electrochemical reactions is limited by their higher charge transfer resistance and higher bandgaps than those of semiconductor or metal catalysts. In this review, we describe several techniques for doping TiO2 nanotubes with suitable catalysts or active materials to overcome the insulating properties of TiO2 and enhance its charge transfer reaction, and we suggest anodization parameters for the formation of TiO2 nanotubes. We then focus on the (photo)electrochemistry and photocatalysis-related applications of catalyst-doped anodic TiO2 nanotubes grown on Ti foil, including water electrolysis, photocatalysis, and solar cells. We also discuss key examples of the effects of doping and the resulting improvements in the efficiency of doped TiO2 electrodes for the desired (photo)electrochemical reactions.
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9
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Liu IP, Lin WH, Tseng-Shan CM, Lee YL. Importance of Compact Blocking Layers to the Performance of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells under Ambient Light Conditions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:38900-38905. [PMID: 30338984 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b13181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Power generation in indoor environments is the next step in dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) evolution. To achieve this goal, a critical recombination route which is usually inhibited by the TiCl4-derived blocking layers (BLs), that is, charge transfer at the fluorine-doped tin oxide substrate/electrolyte interface, is of concern. In this study, we demonstrate that because of low surface coverage, the conventional TiCl4 BLs are unable to suppress such electron leakage, thus limiting the photovoltaic performance of Co(bpy)32+/3+-mediated DSSCs (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) under ambient lighting. On the other hand, by introducing compact BLs prepared by spray pyrolysis, the DSSCs show lower dark current and operate efficiently not only under high-intensity sunlight but also under ambient light conditions. The better blocking function of the compact BL is verified by the cyclic voltammetry; other thin-film preparation methods, except for the common TiCl4 treatment, are anticipated to realize a similar blocking effect. This study illustrates that dense thin film with a predominant blocking function is highly required as the BL for DSSCs under low-light conditions, and this concept will pave the way for more development of indoor DSSCs.
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10
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Liu J, Sheng X, Guan F, Li K, Wang D, Chen L, Feng X. Length-independent charge transport of well-separated single-crystal TiO 2 long nanowire arrays. Chem Sci 2018; 9:7400-7404. [PMID: 30542543 PMCID: PMC6237121 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc02335b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Long, well-separated single crystal TiO2 nanowire (NW) arrays with rapid charge transport properties hold great promise in photoelectrochemical and energy storage devices. Synthesis variations to increase the NWs length generally result in the widening of the NWs and fusion at their roots which, in turn, increases the structural disorder and slows charge transport. As such, well-separated single-crystal TiO2 NW arrays with rapid charge transport properties have been limited to lengths of about 3-4 μm. In this work, by adjusting the HCl/DI-water ratio and adding specific organic ligands to the reaction solution that slow the lateral growth rate we achieve well-separated single-crystal rutile TiO2 NW arrays with a length of ∼10 μm and an aspect ratio of approximately 100. The charge transport is 100 times faster than that of nanoparticle films and remarkably exhibits length-independence, a behavior that can be attributed to the well-separated architecture. The synthesis strategy can be extended to the fabrication of other well-separated metal oxide NW arrays and represents an important tool in achieving high performance photoelectrochemical and electrical energy storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- College of Chemistry , Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China .
| | - Xia Sheng
- College of Chemistry , Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China .
| | - Fengying Guan
- College of Chemistry , Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China .
| | - Ke Li
- College of Chemistry , Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China .
| | - Dandan Wang
- College of Chemistry , Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China .
| | - Liping Chen
- College of Chemistry , Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China .
| | - Xinjian Feng
- College of Chemistry , Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China .
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11
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Zanoni KPS, Amaral RC, Murakami Iha NY, Abreu FD, de Carvalho IMM. Versatile ruthenium(II) dye towards blue-light emitter and dye-sensitizer for solar cells. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 198:331-337. [PMID: 29573706 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A versatile Ru(II) complex bearing an anthracene moiety was synthesized in our search for suitable compounds towards efficient molecular devices. The new engineered dye, cis‑[Ru(dcbH2)(NCS)2(mbpy‑anth)] (dcbH2=2,2'‑bipyridyl‑4,4'‑dicarboxylic acid, mbpy‑anth=4‑[N‑(2‑anthryl)carbamoyl]‑4'‑methyl‑2,2'‑bipyridine), exhibits a blueish emission in a vibronically structured spectrum ascribed to the fluorescence of a 1LCAnth (ligand centered) excited state in the anthracene and has a potential to be exploited in the fields of smart lighting and displays. This complex was also employed in dye-sensitized solar cells with fairly efficient solar energy conversion with the use of self-assembled TiO2 compact layers beneath the TiO2 mesoporous film to prevent meso‑TiO2/dye back reactions. Further photoelectrochemical investigations through incident photon-to-current efficiency and electrochemical impedance spectra showed that the all-nano-TiO2 compact layer acts as contact layers that increase the electron harvesting in the external circuit, enhancing efficiencies up to 50%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassio P S Zanoni
- Laboratório de Fotoquímica e Conversão de energia, Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo C Amaral
- Laboratório de Fotoquímica e Conversão de energia, Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Neyde Y Murakami Iha
- Laboratório de Fotoquímica e Conversão de energia, Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Felipe D Abreu
- Laboratório de Bioinorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Caixa Postal 12200, 60455-760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Idalina M M de Carvalho
- Laboratório de Bioinorgânica, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Caixa Postal 12200, 60455-760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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12
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Chen L, Cui J, Sheng X, Xie T, Xu T, Feng X. High-Performance Photoelectronic Sensor Using Mesostructured ZnO Nanowires. ACS Sens 2017; 2:1567-1572. [PMID: 29047279 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.7b00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Semiconductor photoelectrodes that simultaneously possess rapid charge transport and high surface area are highly desirable for efficient charge generation and collection in photoelectrochemical devices. Herein, we report mesostructured ZnO nanowires (NWs) that not only demonstrate a surface area as high as 50.7 m2/g, comparable to that of conventional nanoparticles (NPs), but also exhibit a 100 times faster electron transport rate than that in NP films. Moreover, using the comparison between NWs and NPs as an exploratory platform, we show that the synergistic effect between rapid charge transport and high surface area leads to a high performance photoelectronic formaldehyde sensor that exhibits a detection limit of as low as 5 ppb and a response of 1223% (at 10 ppm), which are, respectively, over 100 times lower and 20 times higher than those of conventional NPs-based device. Our work establishes a foundational pathway toward a better photoelectronic system by materials design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Chen
- College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jiabao Cui
- College
of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xia Sheng
- College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Tengfeng Xie
- College
of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois 60115, United States
| | - Xinjian Feng
- College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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13
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Multifunctional stannum oxide compact bilayer modified by europium and erbium respectively doped ytterbium fluoride for high-performance dye-sensitized solar cell. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.07.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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14
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Liu L, Yu XM, Zhang B, Meng SX, Feng YQ. Synthesis of nano-TiO 2 assisted by diethylene glycol for use in high efficiency dye-sensitized solar cells. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Anaya M, Zhang W, Hames BC, Li Y, Fabregat-Santiago F, Calvo ME, Snaith HJ, Míguez H, Mora-Seró I. Electron injection and scaffold effects in perovskite solar cells. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. C 2017; 5:634-644. [PMID: 28496981 PMCID: PMC5361135 DOI: 10.1039/c6tc04639h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In spite of the impressive efficiencies reported for perovskite solar cells (PSCs), key aspects of their working principles, such as electron injection at the contacts or the suitability of the utilization of a specific scaffold layer, are not yet fully understood. Increasingly complex scaffolds attained by the sequential deposition of TiO2 and SiO2 mesoporous layers onto transparent conducting substrates are used to perform a systematic characterization of both the injection process at the electron selective contact and the scaffold effect in PSCs. By forcing multiple electron injection processes at a controlled sequence of perovskite-TiO2 interfaces before extraction, interfacial injection effects are magnified and hence characterized in detail. An anomalous injection behavior is observed, the fingerprint of which is the presence of significant inductive loops in the impedance spectra with a magnitude that correlates with the number of interfaces in the scaffold. Analysis of the resistive and capacitive behavior of the impedance spectra indicates that the scaffolds could hinder ion migration, with positive consequences such as lowering the recombination rate and implications for the current-potential curve hysteresis. Our results suggest that an appropriate balance between these advantageous effects and the unavoidable charge transport resistive losses introduced by the scaffolds will help in the optimization of PSC performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Anaya
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla , CSIC-US , Avenida Américo Vespucio s/n , Isla de La Cartuja , 41092 , Sevilla , Spain .
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Physics , University of Oxford , Clarendon Laboratory , Parks Road , Oxford , X1 3PU , UK .
- School of Chemistry , University of Lincoln , Beevor Street , Lincoln LN6 7DL , UK
| | - Bruno Clasen Hames
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM) , Universitat Jaume I , 12006 Castelló , Spain .
| | - Yuelong Li
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla , CSIC-US , Avenida Américo Vespucio s/n , Isla de La Cartuja , 41092 , Sevilla , Spain .
| | | | - Mauricio E Calvo
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla , CSIC-US , Avenida Américo Vespucio s/n , Isla de La Cartuja , 41092 , Sevilla , Spain .
| | - Henry J Snaith
- Department of Physics , University of Oxford , Clarendon Laboratory , Parks Road , Oxford , X1 3PU , UK .
| | - Hernán Míguez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla , CSIC-US , Avenida Américo Vespucio s/n , Isla de La Cartuja , 41092 , Sevilla , Spain .
| | - Iván Mora-Seró
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM) , Universitat Jaume I , 12006 Castelló , Spain .
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16
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Sasidharan S, Soman S, Pradhan SC, Unni KNN, Mohamed AAP, Nair BN, Saraswathy HUN. Fine tuning of compact ZnO blocking layers for enhanced photovoltaic performance in ZnO based DSSCs: a detailed insight using β recombination, EIS, OCVD and IMVS techniques. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj03098j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Ultrathin ZnO BLs preventing recombination enhancing photovoltaic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swetha Sasidharan
- Materials Science and Technology Division
- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST)
- Thiruvananthapuram-695019
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Suraj Soman
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- New Delhi
- India
- Photosciences and Photonics
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division
| | - Sourava Chandra Pradhan
- Photosciences and Photonics
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division
- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST)
- Thiruvananthapuram-695019
- India
| | - K. N. Narayanan Unni
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- New Delhi
- India
- Photosciences and Photonics
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division
| | - Abdul Azeez Peer Mohamed
- Materials Science and Technology Division
- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST)
- Thiruvananthapuram-695019
- India
| | | | - Hareesh Unnikrishnan Nair Saraswathy
- Materials Science and Technology Division
- National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST)
- Thiruvananthapuram-695019
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
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17
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Al-Alwani MA, Mohamad AB, Ludin NA, Kadhum AAH, Sopian K. Dye-sensitised solar cells: Development, structure, operation principles, electron kinetics, characterisation, synthesis materials and natural photosensitisers. RENEWABLE AND SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS 2016; 65:183-213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2016.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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18
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Effect of TiO2/reduced graphene oxide composite thin film as a blocking layer on the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells. J Solid State Electrochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-016-3437-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Jumabekov AN, Cordes N, Siegler TD, Docampo P, Ivanova A, Fominykh K, Medina DD, Peter LM, Bein T. Passivation of PbS Quantum Dot Surface with l-Glutathione in Solid-State Quantum-Dot-Sensitized Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:4600-7. [PMID: 26771519 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b10953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Surface oxidation of quantum dots (QDs) is one of the biggest challenges in quantum dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSCs), because it introduces surface states that enhance electron-hole recombination and degrade device performance. Protection of QDs from surface oxidation by passivating the surface with organic or inorganic layers can be one way to overcome this issue. In this study, solid-state QDSCs with a PbS QD absorber layer were prepared from thin mesoporous TiO2 layers by the successive ionic layer adsorption/reaction (SILAR) method. Spiro-OMeTAD was used as the organic p-type hole transporting material (HTM). The effects on the solar cell performance of passivating the surface of the PbS QDs with the tripeptide l-glutathione (GSH) were investigated. Current-voltage characteristics and external quantum efficiency measurements of the solar cell devices showed that GSH-treatment of the QD-sensitized TiO2 electrodes more than doubled the short circuit current and conversion efficiency. Impedance spectroscopy, intensity-modulated photovoltage and photocurrent spectroscopy analysis of the devices revealed that the enhancement in solar cell performance of the GSH-treated cells originates from improved charge injection from PbS QDs into the conduction band of TiO2. Time-resolved photoluminescence decay measurements show that passivation of the surface of QDs with GSH ligands increases the exciton lifetime in the QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Askhat N Jumabekov
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU) , 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Niklas Cordes
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU) , 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Timothy D Siegler
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU) , 81377 Munich, Germany
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame , Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Pablo Docampo
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU) , 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Alesja Ivanova
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU) , 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Ksenia Fominykh
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU) , 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Dana D Medina
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU) , 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Laurence M Peter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath , Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Bein
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU) , 81377 Munich, Germany
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20
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Gromboni MF, Araújo MA, Downey E, Marken F, Mascaro LH. Photoanodes on titanium substrates: one-step deposited BiVO4 versus two-step nano-V2O5 films impregnated with Bi3+. J Solid State Electrochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-015-3034-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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21
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Li L, Xu C, Zhao Y, Chen S, Ziegler KJ. Improving Performance via Blocking Layers in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Nanowire Photoanodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:12824-12831. [PMID: 26010178 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b02041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Electron recombination in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) results in significant electron loss and performance degradation. However, the reduction of electron recombination via blocking layers in nanowire-based DSSCs has rarely been investigated. In this study, HfO2 or TiO2 blocking layers are deposited on nanowire surfaces via atomic layer deposition (ALD) to reduce electron recombination in nanowire-based DSSCs. The control cell consisting of ITO nanowires coated with a porous shell of TiO2 by TiCl4 treatment yields an efficiency of 2.82%. The efficiency increases dramatically to 5.38% upon the insertion of a 1.3 nm TiO2 compact layer between the nanowire surface and porous TiO2 shell. This efficiency enhancement implies that porous sol-gel coatings on nanowires (e.g., via TiCl4 treatment) result in significant electron recombination in nanowire-based DSSCs, while compact coatings formed by ALD are more advantageous because of their ability to act as a blocking layer. By comparing nanowire-based DSSCs with their nanoparticle-based counterparts, we find that the nanowire-based DSSCs suffer more severe electron recombination from ITO due to the much higher surface area exposed to the electrolyte. While the insertion of a high band gap compact layer of HfO2 between the interface of the conductive nanowire and TiO2 shell improves performance, a comparison of the cell performance between TiO2 and HfO2 compact layers indicates that charge collection is suppressed by the difference in energy states. Consequently, the use of high band gap materials at the interface of conductive nanowires and TiO2 is not recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Li
- †Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | | | - Yang Zhao
- †Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Shikai Chen
- †Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Kirk J Ziegler
- †Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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22
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Concina I, Vomiero A. Metal oxide semiconductors for dye- and quantum-dot-sensitized solar cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:1744-1774. [PMID: 25523717 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201402334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This Review provides a brief summary of the most recent research developments in the synthesis and application of nanostructured metal oxide semiconductors for dye sensitized and quantum dot sensitized solar cells. In these devices, the wide bandgap semiconducting oxide acts as the photoanode, which provides the scaffold for light harvesters (either dye molecules or quantum dots) and electron collection. For this reason, proper tailoring of the optical and electronic properties of the photoanode can significantly boost the functionalities of the operating device. Optimization of the functional properties relies with modulation of the shape and structure of the photoanode, as well as on application of different materials (TiO2, ZnO, SnO2) and/or composite systems, which allow fine tuning of electronic band structure. This aspect is critical because it determines exciton and charge dynamics in the photoelectrochemical system and is strictly connected to the photoconversion efficiency of the solar cell. The different strategies for increasing light harvesting and charge collection, inhibiting charge losses due to recombination phenomena, are reviewed thoroughly, highlighting the benefits of proper photoanode preparation, and its crucial role in the development of high efficiency dye sensitized and quantum dot sensitized solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Concina
- CNR-INO SENSOR Lab, Via Branze 45, 25123, Brescia, Italy; University of Brescia, Via Valotti 9, 25133, Brescia, Italy
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23
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Wu J, Lan Z, Lin J, Huang M, Huang Y, Fan L, Luo G. Electrolytes in dye-sensitized solar cells. Chem Rev 2015; 115:2136-73. [PMID: 25629644 DOI: 10.1021/cr400675m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jihuai Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Environment-Friendly Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University , Quanzhou, Fujian 362021, China
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24
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He D, Sheng X, Yang J, Chen L, Zhu K, Feng X. [101̅0] oriented multichannel ZnO nanowire arrays with enhanced optoelectronic device performance. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:16772-5. [PMID: 25411922 DOI: 10.1021/ja5101195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Crystallographic orientation and microstructure of metal oxide nanomaterials have great impact on their properties and applications. Here, we report [101̅0] oriented ZnO nanowire (NW) arrays with a multichannel mesostructure. The NW has a preferential growth of low energy (101̅0) crystal plane and exhibits 2-3 orders of magnitude faster electron transport rate than that in nanoparticle (NP) films. Furthermore, the surface area of the as-prepared NW arrays is about 5 times larger than that of conventional NW arrays with similar thickness. These lead to the highest power conversion efficiency of ZnO NW array-based sensitized solar cells. We anticipate that the unique crystallographic orientation and mesostructure will endow ZnO NW arrays new properties and expand their application fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqing He
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Ruoshui Rd. 398, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
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25
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Moehl T, Im JH, Lee YH, Domanski K, Giordano F, Zakeeruddin SM, Dar MI, Heiniger LP, Nazeeruddin MK, Park NG, Grätzel M. Strong Photocurrent Amplification in Perovskite Solar Cells with a Porous TiO2 Blocking Layer under Reverse Bias. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:3931-6. [PMID: 26278772 DOI: 10.1021/jz502039k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We investigate two different types of TiO2 blocking layer (BL) deposition techniques commonly used in solid-state methylammonium lead triiodide perovskite (MaPbI3)-based solar cells. Although these BLs lead to similar photovoltaic device performance, their structure and blocking capability is actually very different. In one case, the "blocking" layer is porous, allowing an intimate contact of the perovskite with the fluorine-doped tin-dioxide (FTO)-covered glass substrate serving as transparent electron collector. This interface between the perovskite and the FTO shows rectifying behavior. Reverse biasing of such a solar cell allows the determination of the valence-band position of the MaPbI3 and the theoretical maximum attainable photovoltage. We show that under reverse bias strong photocurrent amplification is observed, permitting the cell to work as a high-gain photodetector at low voltage. Without BL, the solar-cell performance decreased, but the photocurrent amplification increased. At 1 V reverse bias, the photocurrent amplification is above a factor of 10 for AM 1.5 solar light and over 100 for lower light intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Moehl
- †Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jeong Hyeok Im
- †Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- ‡School of Chemical Engineering and Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Yong Hui Lee
- †Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Konrad Domanski
- †Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizio Giordano
- †Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Shaik M Zakeeruddin
- †Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Ibrahim Dar
- †Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Leo-Philipp Heiniger
- †Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin
- †Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nam-Gyu Park
- ‡School of Chemical Engineering and Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Michael Grätzel
- †Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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26
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Zhou Y, Wang X, Wang H, Song Y, Fang L, Ye N, Wang L. Enhanced dye-sensitized solar cells performance using anatase TiO2 mesocrystals with the Wulff construction of nearly 100% exposed {101} facets as effective light scattering layer. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:4711-9. [PMID: 24468963 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt53010h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Anatase TiO2 mesocrystals with a Wulff construction of nearly 100% exposed {101} facets were successfully synthesized by a facile, green solvothermal method. Their morphology, and crystal structure are characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Accordingly, a possible growth mechanism of anatase TiO2 mesocrystals is elucidated in this work. The as-prepared single anatase TiO2 mesocrystal's mean center diameter is about 500 nm, and the length is about 1 μm. They exhibit high light adsorbance, high reflectance and low transmittance in the visible region due to the unique nearly 100% exposed {101} facets. When utilized as the scattering layer in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), such mesocrystals effectively enhanced light harvesting and led to an increase of the photocurrent of the DSSCs. As a result, by using an anatase TiO2 mesocrystal film as a scattering overlayer of a compact commercial P25 TiO2 nanoparticle film, the double layered DSSCs show a power conversion efficiency of 7.23%, indicating a great improvement compared to the DSSCs based on a P25 film (5.39%) and anatase TiO2 mesocrystal films, respectively. The synergetic effect of P25 and the mesocrystals as well as the latters unique feature of a Wulff construction of nearly 100% exposed (101) facets are probably responsible for the enhanced photoelectrical performance. In particular, we explore the possibility of the low surface area and exposed {101} facets as an efficient light scattering layer of DSSCs. Our work suggests that anatase TiO2 mesocrystals with the Wulff construction is a promising candidate as a superior scattering material for high-performance DSSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Guangxi Scientific Experiment Center of Mining, Metallurgy and Environment, Guilin, 541004, China.
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27
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Park DW, Jeong Y, PremKumar T, Lee J. Quasi-photonic crystal effect of TiCl₃/electrolyte matrix in unipolar dye-absorber devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:14399-14404. [PMID: 25073121 DOI: 10.1021/am503611s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Effectiveness of TiCl3 pre- and post-treatments on dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) and interfacial charge-transfer properties were investigated. It was confirmed that a yield of current collection was strongly dependent on the position of the TiCl3/electrolyte matrix in the DSC configuration. The interfacial charge-transfer properties were studied using thermionic emission-diffusion process and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis. The TiCl3/electrolyte matrix was considered to be a three-dimensional quasi-photonic crystal with a photonic band gap, which reinforces electric field and facilitates current collection from the TiCl3/electrolyte matrix to the FTO by accelerating electron motion, whereas the potential barrier blocks current collection from the TiO2 bulk region to the FTO and decreases current.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Won Park
- Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies, ‡School of Environmental Science and Engineering and §Ertl Center for Electrochemistry and Catalysis, Gwangju Institute of Science Technology , Gwangju 500-712, South Korea
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28
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Lee K, Mazare A, Schmuki P. One-dimensional titanium dioxide nanomaterials: nanotubes. Chem Rev 2014; 114:9385-454. [PMID: 25121734 DOI: 10.1021/cr500061m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 506] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoung Lee
- Department of Materials Science WW4-LKO, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg , Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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29
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Selopal GS, Memarian N, Milan R, Concina I, Sberveglieri G, Vomiero A. Effect of blocking layer to boost photoconversion efficiency in ZnO dye-sensitized solar cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:11236-11244. [PMID: 24940846 DOI: 10.1021/am501360a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The effect of a ZnO compact blocking layer (BL) in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based on ZnO photoanodes is investigated. BL is generated through spray deposition onto fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) conducting glass before the deposition of a ZnO active layer. The functional properties of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are then investigated as a function of the thickness of the BL for two different kinds of ZnO active layer, i.e., hierarchically self-assembled nanoparticles and microcubes composed of closely packed ZnO sheets. Presence of BL leads to the improvement of photoconversion efficiency (PCE), by physically insulating the electrolyte and the FTO. This effect increases at increasing BL thickness up to around 800 nm, while thicker BL results in reduced cell performance. Remarkable increase in Jsc is recorded, which doubles as compared to cells without blocking layer, leading to PCE as high as 5.6% in the best cell under one sun irradiation (AM 1.5 G, 100 mW cm(-2)). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) elucidates the mechanism boosting the functional features of the cells with BL, which relies with enhanced chemical capacitance together with an almost unchanged recombination resistance, which are reflected in an increased electron lifetime. The results foresee a straightforward way to significantly improve the performance of ZnO-based DSSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Singh Selopal
- SENSOR Lab, Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia , Via Valotti 9, 25133 Brescia, Italy
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30
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Behrouznejad F, Taghavinia N. Utilizing Chromium as the Photoanode Substrate in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. ChemElectroChem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201300235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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31
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Wang X, Guo L, Xia PF, Zheng F, Wong MS, Zhu Z. Effects of surface modification on dye-sensitized solar cell based on an organic dye with naphtho[2,1-b:3,4-b']dithiophene as the conjugated linker. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:1926-1932. [PMID: 24377275 DOI: 10.1021/am404984g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the effects of surface modification on the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) based on a donor-(π-spacer)-acceptor organic dye. A major challenge for donor-(π-spacer)--acceptor molecules as sensitizers in DSSCs is the fast recombination reactions that occur at both the photoanode (e.g., TiO2) surface and the fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) electrode, which presents unfavorable effects on the DSSC performance. The two interfaces of TiO2/electrolyte and FTO/electrolyte are passivated selectively in a DSSC using an organic dye with Naphtho[2,1-b:3,4-b']dithiophene as the conjugated linker and the I(-)/I3(-) electrolyte. The current density-voltage characteristics, the dark current analysis, the open circuit voltage-light intensity dependence, and the transient photovoltage/photocurrent results indicate that the recombination processes are affected strongly by surface passivation under variable light intensity. At high light intensity, the recombination reaction at the TiO2 surface is dominant. In this case, silane passivation of the TiO2 surface can suppress recombination significantly, while the c-TiO2 layer makes little contribution to the reduction of the recombination. At low illumination intensity, the recombination at FTO becomes significant, and the recombination can be reduced by applying a c-TiO2 layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Wang
- Program of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering and §Department of Chemistry and Applied Biological Sciences, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology , Rapid City, SD 57701
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32
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Idigoras J, Tena-Zaera R, Anta JA. Control of the recombination rate by changing the polarity of the electrolyte in dye-sensitized solar cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:21513-23. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03303e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Adding an organic solvent to an ionic liquid modifies the polarity and the reorganization energy, and hence reduces recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Idigoras
- Área de Química Física
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos
- Químicos y Naturales
- Universidad Pablo de Olavide
- Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ramón Tena-Zaera
- Energy Division
- Ik4-Cidetec
- Parque Tecnológico de San Sebastián
- Donostia-San Sebastián 20009, Spain
| | - Juan A. Anta
- Área de Química Física
- Departamento de Sistemas Físicos
- Químicos y Naturales
- Universidad Pablo de Olavide
- Sevilla, Spain
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33
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Paula LF, Amaral RC, Murakami Iha NY, Paniago RM, Machado AEH, Patrocinio AOT. New layer-by-layer Nb2O5–TiO2 film as an effective underlayer in dye-sensitised solar cells. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra00058g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
All-inorganic layer-by-layer TiO2–Nb2O5 films were applied as underlayers in DSCs, leading to an expressive improvement on the conversion efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. F. Paula
- Instituto de Química
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia
- 38400-902 Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - R. C. Amaral
- Laboratory of Photochemistry and Energy Conversion
- LFCE
- Instituto de Química
- Universidade de São Paulo
- São Paulo, Brazil
| | - N. Y. Murakami Iha
- Laboratory of Photochemistry and Energy Conversion
- LFCE
- Instituto de Química
- Universidade de São Paulo
- São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R. M. Paniago
- Departamento de Física
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais 31270-010 Belo Horizonte
- , Brazil
| | - A. E. H. Machado
- Instituto de Química
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia
- 38400-902 Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - A. O. T. Patrocinio
- Instituto de Química
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia
- 38400-902 Uberlândia, Brazil
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Kim DH, Woodroof M, Lee K, Parsons GN. Atomic layer deposition of high performance ultrathin TiO₂ blocking layers for dye-sensitized solar cells. CHEMSUSCHEM 2013; 6:1014-1020. [PMID: 23720440 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201300067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) often use a thin insulating or semiconducting layer (typically TiO₂) between the transparent conductive oxide and the mesoporous TiO₂ to block electron/hole recombination at the conducting oxide/electrolyte interface. The blocking layer (BL) is essential to maintain efficient charge generation under low light conditions, at which DSSCs perform well compared to common semiconductor-based photovoltaic devices. In this work, we show that atomic layer deposition (ALD) can produce ultrathin (<10 nm) BLs that significantly impede charge recombination in functional DSSCs, leading to improved photocurrents, open-circuit photovoltages, and fill factors; this results in an increase in the overall efficiency from ≈7% to ≈8.4% under AM 1.5G illumination. The 5-10 nm ALD BLs are the thinnest optimized DSSC BLs reported to date. The BL retards the open-circuit voltage decay and extends the electron lifetime from ≈0.2 s to more than 10 s at 0.3 V, confirming that the ALD films significantly impede photogenerated charge recombination. By preparing BLs through other deposition techniques, we directly demonstrate that ALD results in better performance, even with thinner films, which is ascribed to the lower pinhole density of ALD materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Han Kim
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Engineering Building I, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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35
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Yin X, Que W, Fei D, Xie H, He Z. Effect of TiO2 shell layer prepared by wet-chemical method on the photovoltaic performance of ZnO nanowires arrays-based quantum dot sensitized solar cells. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.03.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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36
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Bisquert J, Marcus RA. Device Modeling of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2013; 352:325-95. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2013_471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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37
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Anatase TiO2 sol as a low reactive precursor to form the photoanodes with compact films of dye-sensitized solar cells. Electrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.06.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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38
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Improved performance of dye-sensitized solar cells with compact TiO2 blocking layer prepared using low-temperature reactive ICP-assisted DC magnetron sputtering. J IND ENG CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2012.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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39
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Yang Z, Gao S, Li T, Liu FQ, Ren Y, Xu T. Enhanced electron extraction from template-free 3D nanoparticulate transparent conducting oxide (TCO) electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2012; 4:4419-4427. [PMID: 22834639 DOI: 10.1021/am301090a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The semiconducting metal oxide-based photoanodes in the most efficient dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) desires a low doping level to promote charge separation, which, however, limits the subsequent electron extraction in the slow diffusion regime. These conflicts are mitigated in a new photoanode design that decouples the charge separation and extraction functions. A three-dimensional highly doped fluorinated SnO(2) (FTO) nanoparticulate film serves as conductive core for low-resistance and drift-assisted charge extraction while a thin, low-doped conformal TiO(2) shell maintains a large resistance to recombination (and therefore long charge lifetime). EIS reveals that the electron transit time is reduced by orders of magnitude, whereas the recombination resistance remains in the range of traditional nanoparticle TiO(2) photoelectrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, Dekalb, Illinois 60115, United States
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40
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Tefashe UM, Rudolph M, Miura H, Schlettwein D, Wittstock G. Photovoltaic characteristics and dye regeneration kinetics in D149-sensitized ZnO with varied dye loading and film thickness. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:7533-42. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp40798a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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41
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Sudhagar P, Asokan K, Jung JH, Lee YG, Park S, Kang YS. Efficient Performance of Electrostatic Spray-Deposited TiO2 Blocking Layers in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells after Swift Heavy Ion Beam Irradiation. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2011; 6:30. [PMID: 27502653 PMCID: PMC3211366 DOI: 10.1007/s11671-010-9763-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Accepted: 08/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A compact TiO2 layer (~1.1 μm) prepared by electrostatic spray deposition (ESD) and swift heavy ion beam (SHI) irradiation using oxygen ions onto a fluorinated tin oxide (FTO) conducting substrate showed enhancement of photovoltaic performance in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The short circuit current density (Jsc = 12.2 mA cm(-2)) of DSSCs was found to increase significantly when an ESD technique was applied for fabrication of the TiO2 blocking layer, compared to a conventional spin-coated layer (Jsc = 8.9 mA cm(-2)). When SHI irradiation of oxygen ions of fluence 1 × 10(13) ions/cm(2) was carried out on the ESD TiO2, it was found that the energy conversion efficiency improved mainly due to the increase in open circuit voltage of DSSCs. This increased energy conversion efficiency seems to be associated with improved electronic energy transfer by increasing the densification of the blocking layer and improving the adhesion between the blocking layer and the FTO substrate. The adhesion results from instantaneous local melting of the TiO2 particles. An increase in the electron transport from the blocking layer may also retard the electron recombination process due to the oxidized species present in the electrolyte. These findings from novel treatments using ESD and SHI irradiation techniques may provide a new tool to improve the photovoltaic performance of DSSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sudhagar
- Center for Next Generation Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells, WCU Program, Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, South Korea
| | - K Asokan
- Inter-University Accelerator Centre, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110 067, India
| | - June Hyuk Jung
- Center for Next Generation Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells, WCU Program, Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, South Korea
| | - Yong-Gun Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Suil Park
- Center for Next Generation Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells, WCU Program, Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, South Korea
| | - Yong Soo Kang
- Center for Next Generation Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells, WCU Program, Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 133-791, South Korea.
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42
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Vougioukalakis GC, Philippopoulos AI, Stergiopoulos T, Falaras P. Contributions to the development of ruthenium-based sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells. Coord Chem Rev 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2010.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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43
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Ondersma JW, Hamann TW. Spatially resolved sources of dark current from TiO2 nanoparticle electrodes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2011; 27:13361-13366. [PMID: 21961826 DOI: 10.1021/la202068q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The properties of TiO(2) and polyphenyl oxide (PPO) blocking layers were compared using a highly positive redox shuttle in dye-sensitized solar cells. The dark current versus applied potential curve was found to be composed of two separate current features. Cyclic voltammetric and impedance measurements were performed to identify the source of the two features. The first feature results from electron transfer from the TiO(2) blocking layer and the first layer of the TiO(2) nanoparticle film contacting the substrate. The second onset of dark current results from the transport resistance in the nanoparticle film decreasing, thus allowing electron transfer to occur throughout the film. It is further demonstrated that PPO prevents back electron transfer from the conductive substrate to the redox shuttle across the entire potential range studied; however, the TiO(2) blocking layer is active and participates in electron transfer at rates similar to those of the TiO(2) nanoparticle film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse W Ondersma
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322, United States
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44
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Memarian N, Concina I, Braga A, Rozati SM, Vomiero A, Sberveglieri G. Hierarchically Assembled ZnO Nanocrystallites for High-Efficiency Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201104605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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45
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Memarian N, Concina I, Braga A, Rozati SM, Vomiero A, Sberveglieri G. Hierarchically Assembled ZnO Nanocrystallites for High-Efficiency Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:12321-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201104605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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46
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Yoo BH, Kim KK, Lee DK, Kim HG, Kim BS, Park NG, Ko MJ. Blocking Layers Deposited on TCO Substrate and Their Effects on Photovoltaic Properties in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. J ELECTROCHEM SCI TE 2011. [DOI: 10.5229/jecst.2011.2.2.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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47
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Ondersma JW, Hamann TW. Measurements and modeling of recombination from nanoparticle TiO2 electrodes. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:8264-71. [PMID: 21561078 DOI: 10.1021/ja201333u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Electron-transfer reactions from nanoparticle TiO(2) films to outer-sphere redox shuttles were investigated. Steady-state dark current density versus applied potential and open circuit voltage decay measurements were employed to determine the rates of recombination to cobalt(III) tris(4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridyl), [Co(Me(2)bpy)(3)](3+), and ruthenium(III) bis(2,2'-bipyridyl)-bis(N-methylimidozole), [Ru(bpy)(2)(MeIm)(2)](3+). A striking difference in the magnitude as well as the shape of the electron lifetimes for TiO(2) electrodes in contact with these two redox shuttles is observed. A model based on Marcus theory is developed to describe recombination, including contributions from conduction band electrons and surface states. Excellent agreement was found between the modeled and measured lifetimes. The model allows for identification of each contributing component of electron transfer to the measured lifetimes. Comparison of the different components of the modeled lifetimes to the measured lifetimes provides clear evidence for recombination mediated through surface states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse W Ondersma
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1322, USA
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48
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Electron transportation and optical properties of microstructure TiO2 films: applied in dye-sensitized solar cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12200-011-0202-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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49
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Fabregat-Santiago F, Garcia-Belmonte G, Mora-Seró I, Bisquert J. Characterization of nanostructured hybrid and organic solar cells by impedance spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:9083-118. [PMID: 21468446 DOI: 10.1039/c0cp02249g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 480] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We review the application of impedance spectroscopy in dye-sensitized solar cells, quantum dot-sensitized solar cells and organic bulk heterojunction solar cells. We emphasize the interpretation of the impedance parameters for determining the internal features of the device, concerning the carrier distribution, materials properties such as the density of states and/or doping of the semiconductors, and the match of energy levels for photoinduced charge generation and separation. Another central task is the determination of recombination mechanisms from the measured resistances, and the factors governing the device performance by combined analysis of resistances as a function of voltage and current-voltage curves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Fabregat-Santiago
- Photovoltaic and Optoelectronic Devices Group, Departament de Física, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló, Spain
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50
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Titanium dioxide sols synthesized by hydrothermal methods using tetrabutyl titanate as starting material and the application in dye sensitized solar cells. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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