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Neetika, Sharma M, Thakur P, Gaur P, Rani GM, Rustagi S, Talreja RK, Chaudhary V. Cancer treatment and toxicity outlook of nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:116870. [PMID: 37567383 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Diversified nanosystems with tunable physicochemical attributes have emerged as potential solution to globally devastating cancer by offering novel possibilities for improving the techniques of cancer detection, imaging, therapies, diagnosis, drug delivery and treatment. Drug delivery systems based on nanoparticles (NPs) with ability of crossing different biological barriers are becoming increasingly popular. Besides, NPs are utilized in pharmaceutical sciences to mitigate the toxicity of conventional cancer therapeutics. However, significant NPs-associated toxicity, off-targeted activities, and low biocompatibility limit their utilization for cancer theranostics and can be hazardous to cancer patients up to life-threatening conditions. NPs interact with the biomolecules and disturb their regular function by aggregating inside cells and forming a protein corona, and the formulation turns ineffective in controlling cancer cell growth. The adverse interactions between NPs and biological entities can lead to life-threatening toxicities. This review focuses on the widespread use of various NPs including zinc oxide, titanium oxide, silver, and gold, which serve as efficient nano-vehicles and demonstrate notable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic advantages in cancer therapy. Subsequently, the mechanism of nanotoxicity attached with these NPs, alternate solutions and their prospect to revolutionize cancer theranostics are highlighted. This review will serve as guide for future developments associated with high-performance NPs with controlled toxicity for establishing them as modern-age nanotools to manage cancer in tailored manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetika
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, 173212, India
| | - Mamta Sharma
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, 173212, India.
| | - Pankaj Thakur
- Special Centre for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Paras Gaur
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa, 52242, United States
| | - Gokana Mohana Rani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Keelung Road, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Sarvesh Rustagi
- School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttranchal University, Dehradun, Uttrakhand, India
| | - Rishi Kumar Talreja
- Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Vishal Chaudhary
- Physics Department, Bhagini Nivedita College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
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2
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AbouSamra MM, Elgohary R, Mansy SS. Innovated pirfenidone loaded lecithin nanocapsules for targeting liver fibrosis: Formulation, characterization and in vivo study. Int J Pharm 2023; 631:122539. [PMID: 36572266 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Increasing interest in developing antifibrotic therapies became a paramount priority due to the globally raised incidence of deaths secondary to hepatic cirrhosis. This work deals with the development of innovative antifibrotic pirfenidone -loaded lecithin core nanocapsules. This with the intention to target the liver and to increase the drug bioavailability, reducing drug liver toxicity, and studying the associated hepatic microenvironment changes. PFD-loaded lecithin nanocapsules (PFD-LENCs) were prepared using the natural lipoid S45 for its dual benefits of being both a lipid and an amphiphilic surfactant. The selected formulation exhibited in vitro sustained drug release up to 24 h compared to free PFD, which is consistent with the studied pharmacokinetic profile. The studied cytotoxicity of PFD as well as PFD-LENCs exhibited negligible cytotoxicity in normal oral epithelial cells. For exploring the capability of the PFD-LENCs in reaching the liver; in vivo tracing using CLSM, in vivo biodistribution to the vital organs were conducted and electron microscopic examination for depicting nanoparticles in liver tissue was performed. Results revealed the capability of the prepared fluorescent LENC2 in reaching the liver, PFD-LENCs detection in the Disse space of the liver and the significant accumulation of PFD-LENCs in liver tissue compared to the other tested organs. The assessment of the necro-inflammatory, antioxidant and the anti-fibrotic effect of PFD-LENCs (50 & 100 mg/kg) exhibited a significant decrease of liver enzymes, TNF-α, TGF-β, Col-1, α-SMA, and TIMP-1, and a significant increase of catalase enzyme and MMP2 compared to free PFD. EM studies, revealed often detection of dendritic cells in PFD-LENCs (100 mg/kg) treated mice and abnormal collagen structure which can represent an adjunct contribution to the antifibrotic mechanism of PFD-LENCs. In conclusion, the development of this innovative PFD loaded lecithin nanocapsules achieved a targeting ability to the liver, controlled drug release, thereby increase the PFD therapeutic value in downregulating hepatic fibrosis in adjunct with the reduction of liver toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona M AbouSamra
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, National Research Centre, Egypt.
| | - Rania Elgohary
- Narcotics, Ergogenics and Poisons Department, National Research Centre, Egypt
| | - Soheir S Mansy
- Electron Microscopy Research Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
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3
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Ngo W, Ahmed S, Blackadar C, Bussin B, Ji Q, Mladjenovic SM, Sepahi Z, Chan WC. Why nanoparticles prefer liver macrophage cell uptake in vivo. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 185:114238. [PMID: 35367524 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Effective delivery of therapeutic and diagnostic nanoparticles is dependent on their ability to accumulate in diseased tissues. However, most nanoparticles end up in liver macrophages regardless of nanoparticle design after administration. In this review, we describe the interactions of liver macrophages with nanoparticles. Liver macrophages have significant advantages in interacting with circulating nanoparticles over most target cells and tissues in the body. We describe these advantages in this article. Understanding these advantages will enable the development of strategies to overcome liver macrophages and deliver nanoparticles to targeted diseased tissues effectively. Ultimately, these approaches will increase the therapeutic efficacy and diagnostic signal of nanoparticles.
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4
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Merkulova MA, Osipova NS, Maksimenko OO, Gordienko MG, Gelperina SE. Easy size control of polymer nanoparticles obtained by emulsification–evaporation technique in a microfluidic reactor. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2021.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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5
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Drug delivery systems based on nanoparticles and related nanostructures. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 151:105412. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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6
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Zocchi MR, Tosetti F, Benelli R, Poggi A. Cancer Nanomedicine Special Issue Review Anticancer Drug Delivery with Nanoparticles: Extracellular Vesicles or Synthetic Nanobeads as Therapeutic Tools for Conventional Treatment or Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071886. [PMID: 32668783 PMCID: PMC7409190 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Both natural and synthetic nanoparticles have been proposed as drug carriers in cancer treatment, since they can increase drug accumulation in target tissues, optimizing the therapeutic effect. As an example, extracellular vesicles (EV), including exosomes (Exo), can become drug vehicles through endogenous or exogenous loading, amplifying the anticancer effects at the tumor site. In turn, synthetic nanoparticles (NP) can carry therapeutic molecules inside their core, improving solubility and stability, preventing degradation, and controlling their release. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in nanotechnology applied for theranostic use, distinguishing between passive and active targeting of these vehicles. In addition, examples of these models are reported: EV as transporters of conventional anticancer drugs; Exo or NP as carriers of small molecules that induce an anti-tumor immune response. Finally, we focus on two types of nanoparticles used to stimulate an anticancer immune response: Exo carried with A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease-10 inhibitors and NP loaded with aminobisphosphonates. The former would reduce the release of decoy ligands that impair tumor cell recognition, while the latter would activate the peculiar anti-tumor response exerted by γδ T cells, creating a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Raffaella Zocchi
- Division of Immunology Transplants and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Francesca Tosetti
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (F.T.); (R.B.)
| | - Roberto Benelli
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (F.T.); (R.B.)
| | - Alessandro Poggi
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (F.T.); (R.B.)
- Correspondence:
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7
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Parkhomchuk EV, Prokopyeva EA, Gulevich DG, Taratayko AI, Baklanov AM, Kalinkin PN, Rastigeev SA, Kuleshov DV, Sashkina KA, Parkhomchuk VV. Ultrafine organic aerosol particles inhaled by mice at low doses remain in lungs more than half a year. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2019; 62:785-793. [PMID: 31325367 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Experimental results of the second series of experiments on the penetration of monodisperse polymeric particles, inhaled at low dose by mice, to different organs using direct way of particle registration, based on the ultra-sensitive accelerator mass spectrometer (AMS), are presented. Polystyrene (PS) beads, composed of radiocarbon-labeled styrene, were produced for testing them as model organic aerosols. Mice inhaled 14 C-PS aerosol of 3·105 ultrafine particles per 1 cm3 for 30 minutes every day during 5 days. Long-term investigation showed that PS ultrafine particles have been effectively accumulated in lungs with the maximum content in the fifth day of postexposure, and have also appeared in liver on the fifth day of exposure and in the brain on the 30th day of experiments. No particles have been detected in kidneys, spleen, and excrements. Thirty-five millions of particles remained in the lungs after half a year of postexposure showing extremely slow removal of such particles from the organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina V Parkhomchuk
- Novosibirsk State University, Laboratory of Radiocarbon Methods of Analyses, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena A Prokopyeva
- Novosibirsk State University, Laboratory of Radiocarbon Methods of Analyses, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Dayana G Gulevich
- Novosibirsk State University, Laboratory of Radiocarbon Methods of Analyses, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anrey I Taratayko
- Novosibirsk State University, Laboratory of Radiocarbon Methods of Analyses, Novosibirsk, Russia.,N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anatoly M Baklanov
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Peter N Kalinkin
- Novosibirsk State University, Laboratory of Radiocarbon Methods of Analyses, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey A Rastigeev
- Novosibirsk State University, Laboratory of Radiocarbon Methods of Analyses, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Kuleshov
- Novosibirsk State University, Laboratory of Radiocarbon Methods of Analyses, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Kseniya A Sashkina
- Novosibirsk State University, Laboratory of Radiocarbon Methods of Analyses, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vasiliy V Parkhomchuk
- Novosibirsk State University, Laboratory of Radiocarbon Methods of Analyses, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
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8
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Induction of protein citrullination and auto-antibodies production in murine exposed to nickel nanomaterials. Sci Rep 2018; 8:679. [PMID: 29330439 PMCID: PMC5766588 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-19068-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrullination, or the post-translational deimination of polypeptide-bound arginine, is involved in several pathological processes in the body, including autoimmunity and tumorigenesis. Recent studies have shown that nanomaterials can trigger protein citrullination, which might constitute a common pathogenic link to disease development. Here we demonstrated auto-antibody production in serum of nanomaterials-treated mice. Citrullination-associated phenomena and PAD levels were found to be elevated in nanomaterials -treated cell lines as well as in the spleen, kidneys and lymph nodes of mice, suggesting a systemic response to nanomaterials injection, and validated in human pleural and pericardial malignant mesothelioma (MM) samples. The observed systemic responses in mice exposed to nanomaterials support the evidence linking exposure to environmental factors with the development of autoimmunity responses and reinforces the need for comprehensive safety screening of nanomaterials. Furthermore, these nanomaterials induce pathological processes that mimic those observed in Pleural MM, and therefore require further investigations into their carcinogenicity.
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Abstract
This chapter presents an outline of the recent available information regarding safety, toxicity, and efficacy of nano drug delivery systems. Of particular importance is the evaluation of several key factors to design nontoxic and effective nanoformulations. Among them, we focus on nanostructure materials and synthesis methods, mechanisms of interactions with biological systems, treatment of nanoparticles, manufacture impurities, and nanostability. Emphasis is given to in silico, in vitro, and in vivo models used to assess and predict the toxicity of these new formulations. Additionally, some examples of in vitro and in vivo studies of specific nanoderivatives are also presented in this chapter.
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10
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Khan S, Zhang Q, Marasa BS, Sung K, Cerniglia CE, Ingle T, Jones MY, Paredes AM, Tobin GA, Bancos S, Weaver JL, Goering PL, Howard PC, Patri AK, Tyner KM. Investigating the susceptibility of mice to a bacterial challenge after intravenous exposure to durable nanoparticles. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 12:2097-2111. [PMID: 28805153 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The goal of this study was to determine whether bacterial clearance in a rodent model would be impaired upon exposure to gold, silver or silica nanoparticles (NPs). MATERIALS & METHODS Mice received weekly injections of NPs followed by a challenge of Listeria monocytogenes (LM). On days 3 and 10 after LM injections, the animals were sacrificed and their tissues were collected for elemental analysis, electron microscopy and LM count determination. RESULTS The untreated and NP-treated animals cleared LM at the same rate suggesting that bioaccumulation of NPs did not increase the animals' susceptibility to bacterial infection. CONCLUSION The data from this study indicate that the bioaccumulation of NPs does not significantly affect the ability to react to a bacterial challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Khan
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food & Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Qin Zhang
- Center for Devices & Radiological Health, Food & Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Bernard S Marasa
- Center for Drug Evaluation & Research, Food & Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Kidon Sung
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food & Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Carl E Cerniglia
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food & Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Taylor Ingle
- Nanotechnology Core Facility, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food & Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Margie Yvonne Jones
- Nanotechnology Core Facility, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food & Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Angel M Paredes
- Nanotechnology Core Facility, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food & Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Grainne A Tobin
- Center for Biologics Evaluation & Research, Food & Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Simona Bancos
- Center for Drug Evaluation & Research, Food & Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - James L Weaver
- Center for Drug Evaluation & Research, Food & Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Peter L Goering
- Center for Devices & Radiological Health, Food & Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Paul C Howard
- Nanotechnology Core Facility, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food & Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Anil K Patri
- Nanotechnology Core Facility, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food & Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Katherine M Tyner
- Center for Drug Evaluation & Research, Food & Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
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11
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Weaver JL, Tobin GA, Ingle T, Bancos S, Stevens D, Rouse R, Howard KE, Goodwin D, Knapton A, Li X, Shea K, Stewart S, Xu L, Goering PL, Zhang Q, Howard PC, Collins J, Khan S, Sung K, Tyner KM. Evaluating the potential of gold, silver, and silica nanoparticles to saturate mononuclear phagocytic system tissues under repeat dosing conditions. Part Fibre Toxicol 2017; 14:25. [PMID: 28716104 PMCID: PMC5513057 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-017-0206-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As nanoparticles (NPs) become more prevalent in the pharmaceutical industry, questions have arisen from both industry and regulatory stakeholders about the long term effects of these materials. This study was designed to evaluate whether gold (10 nm), silver (50 nm), or silica (10 nm) nanoparticles administered intravenously to mice for up to 8 weeks at doses known to be sub-toxic (non-toxic at single acute or repeat dosing levels) and clinically relevant could produce significant bioaccumulation in liver and spleen macrophages. RESULTS Repeated dosing with gold, silver, and silica nanoparticles did not saturate bioaccumulation in liver or spleen macrophages. While no toxicity was observed with gold and silver nanoparticles throughout the 8 week experiment, some effects including histopathological and serum chemistry changes were observed with silica nanoparticles starting at week 3. No major changes in the splenocyte population were observed during the study for any of the nanoparticles tested. CONCLUSIONS The clinical impact of these changes is unclear but suggests that the mononuclear phagocytic system is able to handle repeated doses of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Weaver
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Grainne A Tobin
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Taylor Ingle
- National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Simona Bancos
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - David Stevens
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Rodney Rouse
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Kristina E Howard
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - David Goodwin
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Alan Knapton
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Katherine Shea
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Sharron Stewart
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Lin Xu
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Peter L Goering
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Qin Zhang
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Paul C Howard
- National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Jessie Collins
- National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Saeed Khan
- National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Kidon Sung
- National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Katherine M Tyner
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA.
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12
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Peng C, Gao X, Xu J, Du B, Ning X, Tang S, Bachoo RM, Yu M, Ge WP, Zheng J. Targeting orthotopic gliomas with renal-clearable luminescent gold nanoparticles. NANO RESEARCH 2017; 10:1366-1376. [PMID: 29034063 PMCID: PMC5639726 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-017-1472-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A major clinical translational challenge in nanomedicine is the potential of toxicity associated with the uptake and long-term retention of non-degradable nanoparticles (NPs) in major organs. The development of inorganic NPs that undergo renal clearance could potentially resolve this significant biosafety concern. However, it remains unclear whether inorganic NPs that can be excreted by the kidneys remain capable of targeting tumors with poor permeability. Glioblastoma multiforme, the most malignant orthotopic brain tumor, presents a unique challenge for NP delivery because of the blood-brain barrier and robust blood-tumor barrier of reactive microglia and macroglia in the tumor microenvironment. Herein, we used an orthotopic murine glioma model to investigate the passive targeting of glutathione-coated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) of 3 nm in diameter that undergo renal clearance and 18-nm AuNPs that fail to undergo renal clearance. Remarkably, we report that 3-nm AuNPs were able to target intracranial tumor tissues with higher efficiency (2.3× relative to surrounding non-tumor normal brain tissues) and greater specificity (3.0×) than did the larger AuNPs. Pharmacokinetics studies suggested that the higher glioma targeting ability of the 3-nm AuNPs may be attributed to the longer retention time in circulation. The total accumulation of the 3-nm AuNPs in major organs was significantly less (8.4×) than that of the 18-nm AuNPs. Microscopic imaging of blood vessels and renal-clearable AuNPs showed extravasation of NPs from the leaky blood-tumor barrier into the tumor interstitium. Taken together, our results suggest that the 3-nm AuNPs, characterized by enhanced permeability and retention, are able to target brain tumors and undergo renal clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanqi Peng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Xiaofei Gao
- Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Neuroscience, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Bujie Du
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Xuhui Ning
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Shaoheng Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Robert M Bachoo
- Simmons Cancer Center, Annette G. Strauss Center for Neuro-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Mengxiao Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Woo-Ping Ge
- Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Neuroscience, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
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Pankongadisak P, Ruktanonchai UR, Supaphol P, Suwantong O. Gelatin scaffolds functionalized by silver nanoparticle-containing calcium alginate beads for wound care applications. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pitt Supaphol
- The Petroleum and Petrochemical College; Chulalongkorn University; Pathumwan Bangkok 10330 Thailand
- The Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology; Chulalongkorn University; Pathumwan Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Orawan Suwantong
- School of Science; Mae Fah Luang University; Tasud, Muang Chiang Rai 57100 Thailand
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Abstract
Matters when converted into nanosize provide some unique surface properties, which are different from those of the bulk materials. Nanomaterials show some extraordinary behavioral patterns because of those properties, such as supermagnetism, quantum confinement, etc. A great deal of implication of nanomaterials in nanomedicine has already been realized. Utility of nanomaterials as drug nanocarrier projects many potential advantages of them in drug delivery. Despite many such advantages, the potential risk of health and environmental hazards related to them cannot be ignored. Here various physicochemical factors, such as chemical nature, degradability, surface properties, surface charge, particle size, and shape, have been shown to play a crucial role in toxicity related to drug nanocarriers. Evidence-based findings of some drug nanocarriers have been incorporated to provide distinct knowledge to the readers in the field. A glimpse of current regulatory controls and measures required to combat the challenges of toxicological aspects of drug nanocarriers have been described.
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15
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Parkhomchuk EV, Gulevich DG, Taratayko AI, Baklanov AM, Selivanova AV, Trubitsyna TA, Voronova IV, Kalinkin PN, Okunev AG, Rastigeev SA, Reznikov VA, Semeykina VS, Sashkina KA, Parkhomchuk VV. Ultrasensitive detection of inhaled organic aerosol particles by accelerator mass spectrometry. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 159:80-88. [PMID: 27281540 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.05.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) was shown to be applicable for studying the penetration of organic aerosols, inhaled by laboratory mice at ultra-low concentration ca. 10(3) cm(-3). We synthesized polystyrene (PS) beads, composed of radiocarbon-labeled styrene, for testing them as model organic aerosols. As a source of radiocarbon we used methyl alcohol with radioactivity. Radiolabeled polystyrene beads were obtained by emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization of synthesized (14)C-styrene initiated by K2S2O8 in aqueous media. Aerosol particles were produced by pneumatic spraying of diluted (14)C-PS latex. Mice inhaled (14)C-PS aerosol consisting of the mix of 10(3) 225-nm particles per 1 cm(3) and 5·10(3) 25-nm particles per 1 cm(3) for 30 min every day during five days. Several millions of 225-nm particles deposited in the lungs and slowly excreted from them during two weeks of postexposure. Penetration of particles matter was also observed for liver, kidneys and brain, but not for a heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Parkhomchuk
- Novosibirsk State University, Laboratory of Radiocarbon Methods of Analyses, 2 Pirogova st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia; Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Lavrentieva st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - D G Gulevich
- Novosibirsk State University, Laboratory of Radiocarbon Methods of Analyses, 2 Pirogova st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia; Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Lavrentieva st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - A I Taratayko
- Novosibirsk State University, Laboratory of Radiocarbon Methods of Analyses, 2 Pirogova st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia; N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, 9 Lavrentieva st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - A M Baklanov
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, 3 Institutskaya st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - A V Selivanova
- Novosibirsk State University, Laboratory of Radiocarbon Methods of Analyses, 2 Pirogova st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia; JSC Tion, 20 Injenernaya str., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - T A Trubitsyna
- JSC Tion, 20 Injenernaya str., 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - I V Voronova
- Novosibirsk State University, Laboratory of Radiocarbon Methods of Analyses, 2 Pirogova st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - P N Kalinkin
- Novosibirsk State University, Laboratory of Radiocarbon Methods of Analyses, 2 Pirogova st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia; Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Lavrentieva st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - A G Okunev
- Novosibirsk State University, Laboratory of Radiocarbon Methods of Analyses, 2 Pirogova st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia; Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Lavrentieva st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - S A Rastigeev
- Novosibirsk State University, Laboratory of Radiocarbon Methods of Analyses, 2 Pirogova st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia; Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, 11 Lavrentieva st., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - V A Reznikov
- Novosibirsk State University, Laboratory of Radiocarbon Methods of Analyses, 2 Pirogova st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia; N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, 9 Lavrentieva st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - V S Semeykina
- Novosibirsk State University, Laboratory of Radiocarbon Methods of Analyses, 2 Pirogova st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia; Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Lavrentieva st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - K A Sashkina
- Novosibirsk State University, Laboratory of Radiocarbon Methods of Analyses, 2 Pirogova st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia; Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 5 Lavrentieva st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - V V Parkhomchuk
- Novosibirsk State University, Laboratory of Radiocarbon Methods of Analyses, 2 Pirogova st., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia; Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, 11 Lavrentieva st., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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Oberdörster G, Castranova V, Asgharian B, Sayre P. Inhalation Exposure to Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) and Carbon Nanofibers (CNF): Methodology and Dosimetry. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2015; 18:121-212. [PMID: 26361791 PMCID: PMC4706753 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2015.1051611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNT) and nanofibers (CNF) are used increasingly in a broad array of commercial products. Given current understandings, the most significant life-cycle exposures to CNT/CNF occur from inhalation when they become airborne at different stages of their life cycle, including workplace, use, and disposal. Increasing awareness of the importance of physicochemical properties as determinants of toxicity of CNT/CNF and existing difficulties in interpreting results of mostly acute rodent inhalation studies to date necessitate a reexamination of standardized inhalation testing guidelines. The current literature on pulmonary exposure to CNT/CNF and associated effects is summarized; recommendations and conclusions are provided that address test guideline modifications for rodent inhalation studies that will improve dosimetric extrapolation modeling for hazard and risk characterization based on the analysis of exposure-dose-response relationships. Several physicochemical parameters for CNT/CNF, including shape, state of agglomeration/aggregation, surface properties, impurities, and density, influence toxicity. This requires an evaluation of the correlation between structure and pulmonary responses. Inhalation, using whole-body exposures of rodents, is recommended for acute to chronic pulmonary exposure studies. Dry powder generator methods for producing CNT/CNF aerosols are preferred, and specific instrumentation to measure mass, particle size and number distribution, and morphology in the exposure chambers are identified. Methods are discussed for establishing experimental exposure concentrations that correlate with realistic human exposures, such that unrealistically high experimental concentrations need to be identified that induce effects under mechanisms that are not relevant for workplace exposures. Recommendations for anchoring data to results seen for positive and negative benchmark materials are included, as well as periods for postexposure observation. A minimum data set of specific bronchoalveolar lavage parameters is recommended. Retained lung burden data need to be gathered such that exposure-dose-response correlations may be analyzed and potency comparisons between materials and mammalian species are obtained considering dose metric parameters for interpretation of results. Finally, a list of research needs is presented to fill data gaps for further improving design, analysis, and interpretation and extrapolation of results of rodent inhalation studies to refine meaningful risk assessments for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter Oberdörster
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Vincent Castranova
- Formerly with the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | | | - Phil Sayre
- Formerly with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA
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Abstract
Administration of drugs and other therapeutic agents has been the central strategy of contemporary medicine for cardiovascular disease. The use of a drug delivery system (DDS) is always demanded to enhance the efficacy and safety of therapeutic agents, and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of imaging agents. Nano-scale materials modify in vivo drug kinetics, depending on (patho)physiological mechanisms such as vascular permeability and incorporation by the mononuclear phagocyte system, which constitute 'passive-targeting' properties of nano-DDS. By contrast, an 'active-targeting' strategy employs a specific targeting structure on nano-DDS, which binds to the target molecule that is specific for a certain disease process, such as tumor specific antigens and the induction of adhesion molecules. In this review, we summarize recent studies that applied nano-DDS for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease, especially focusing on atherosclerosis and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Pathophysiological changes in atherosclerosis and myocardial IR injury are successfully targeted by nano-DDS and preclinical studies in animals showed positive effects of nano-DDS enhancing efficacy and reducing adverse effects. The development of nano-DDS in clinical medicine is keenly being awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Matoba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
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Focused ultrasound delivery of Raman nanoparticles across the blood-brain barrier: potential for targeting experimental brain tumors. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2013; 10:1075-87. [PMID: 24374363 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Revised: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Spectral mapping of nanoparticles with surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) capability in the near-infrared range is an emerging molecular imaging technique. We used magnetic resonance image-guided transcranial focused ultrasound (TcMRgFUS) to reversibly disrupt the blood-brain barrier (BBB) adjacent to brain tumor margins in rats. Glioma cells were found to internalize SERS capable nanoparticles of 50nm or 120nm physical diameter. Surface coating with anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibody or non-specific human immunoglobulin G, resulted in enhanced cell uptake of nanoparticles in-vitro compared to nanoparticles with methyl terminated 12-unit polyethylene glycol surface. BBB disruption permitted the delivery of SERS capable spherical 50 or 120nm gold nanoparticles to the tumor margins. Thus, nanoparticles with SERS imaging capability can be delivered across the BBB non-invasively using TcMRgFUS and have the potential to be used as optical tracking agents at the invasive front of malignant brain tumors. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR This study demonstrates the use of magnetic resonance image-guided transcranial focused ultrasound to open the BBB and enable spectral mapping of nanoparticles with surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based molecular imaging for experimental tumor tracking.
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Katsuki S, Matoba T, Nakashiro S, Sato K, Koga JI, Nakano K, Nakano Y, Egusa S, Sunagawa K, Egashira K. Nanoparticle-mediated delivery of pitavastatin inhibits atherosclerotic plaque destabilization/rupture in mice by regulating the recruitment of inflammatory monocytes. Circulation 2013; 129:896-906. [PMID: 24305567 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.113.002870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preventing atherosclerotic plaque destabilization and rupture is the most reasonable therapeutic strategy for acute myocardial infarction. Therefore, we tested the hypotheses that (1) inflammatory monocytes play a causative role in plaque destabilization and rupture and (2) the nanoparticle-mediated delivery of pitavastatin into circulating inflammatory monocytes inhibits plaque destabilization and rupture. METHODS AND RESULTS We used a model of plaque destabilization and rupture in the brachiocephalic arteries of apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE(-/-)) mice fed a high-fat diet and infused with angiotensin II. The adoptive transfer of CCR2(+/+)Ly-6C(high) inflammatory macrophages, but not CCR2(-/-) leukocytes, accelerated plaque destabilization associated with increased serum monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), monocyte-colony stimulating factor, and matrix metalloproteinase-9. We prepared poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid nanoparticles that were incorporated by Ly-6G(-)CD11b(+) monocytes and delivered into atherosclerotic plaques after intravenous administration. Intravenous treatment with pitavastatin-incorporated nanoparticles, but not with control nanoparticles or pitavastatin alone, inhibited plaque destabilization and rupture associated with decreased monocyte infiltration and gelatinase activity in the plaque. Pitavastatin-incorporated nanoparticles inhibited MCP-1-induced monocyte chemotaxis and the secretion of MCP-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 from cultured macrophages. Furthermore, the nanoparticle-mediated anti-MCP-1 gene therapy reduced the incidence of plaque destabilization and rupture. CONCLUSIONS The recruitment of inflammatory monocytes is critical in the pathogenesis of plaque destabilization and rupture, and nanoparticle-mediated pitavastatin delivery is a promising therapeutic strategy to inhibit plaque destabilization and rupture by regulating MCP-1/CCR2-dependent monocyte recruitment in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Katsuki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.K., T.M., S.N., J.K., Y.N., S.E., K. Sunagawa) and Department of Cardiovascular Research, Development, and Translational Medicine (K. Sato, K.N., K.E.), Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
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Varma AK, Das A, Wallace G, Barry J, Vertegel AA, Ray SK, Banik NL. Spinal cord injury: a review of current therapy, future treatments, and basic science frontiers. Neurochem Res 2013; 38:895-905. [PMID: 23462880 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-0991-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of acute and chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) in the United States is more than 10,000 per year, resulting in 720 cases per million persons enduring permanent disability each year. The economic impact of SCI is estimated to be more than 4 billion dollars annually. Preclinical studies, case reports, and small clinical trials suggest that early treatment may improve neurological recovery. To date, no proven therapeutic modality exists that has demonstrated a positive effect on neurological outcome. Emerging data from recent preclinical and clinical studies offer hope for this devastating condition. This review gives an overview of current basic research and clinical studies for the treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay K Varma
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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Assumpção JUCV, Campos ML, Ferraz Nogueira Filho MA, Pestana KC, Baldan HM, Formariz Pilon TP, de Oliveira AG, Peccinini RG. Biocompatible microemulsion modifies the pharmacokinetic profile and cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin. J Pharm Sci 2012; 102:289-96. [PMID: 23150468 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Revised: 09/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anthracycline antibiotic with a broad antitumor spectrum. However, the clinical use of DOX is limited because of its cardiotoxicity, a dose-dependent effect. Colloidal drug delivery systems, such as microemulsions (MEs), allow the incorporation of drugs, modifying the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile and toxic effects. In this study, we evaluated the PK profile and cardiotoxicity of a new DOX ME (DOX-ME). The PK profile of DOX-ME was determined and compared with that of the conventional DOX after single-dose administration (6 mg/kg, intravenous) in male Wistar rats (n = 12 per group). The cardiotoxicity of DOX formulations was evaluated by serum creatine kinase MB (CKMB) activity in both animal groups before and after drug administration. The plasma DOX measurements were performed by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection, and the CKMB levels were assayed using the CKMB Labtest® kit. The ME system showed a significant increase in plasma DOX concentrations and lower distribution volume when compared with conventional DOX. Serum CKMB activity increased after conventional DOX administration but was unchanged in the DOX-ME group. These results demonstrate modifications in drug access to susceptible sites using DOX-ME. DOX-ME displayed features that make it a promising system for future therapeutic application.
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Moeller S, Kegler R, Sternberg K, Mundkowski RG. Influence of sirolimus-loaded nanoparticles on physiological functions of native human polymorphonuclear neutrophils. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2012; 8:1293-300. [PMID: 22321382 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2012.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Revised: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Sirolimus (SRL) is an immunosuppressive agent of high clinical relevance that has been associated with serious side effects. Biodegradable, SRL-loaded poly(d,l-lactide) nanoparticles (SRL-PLA-NPs) are being investigated as a drug delivery system to improve drug targeting. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are phagocytes for particulate xenobiotics and also important trigger cells of the primary immune response. Therefore, the effects of SRL, SRL-PLA-NPs, and plain PLA-NPs on the viability of human PMNs, their essential functions, and the secretion of relevant cytokines were determined and evaluated with respect to the intracellular concentrations assessed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry ultra-trace analysis. For the first time to our knowledge, incorporation of NPs into PMNs was monitored by flow cytometry using fluorescence-labeled NPs. SRL accumulated intracellularly, exceeding therapeutic blood levels by a factor of two to four. Phagocytic activity was promptly reduced but recovered within 3 hours. No other parameters of the PMNs were affected. Hence, PLA-NPs appear suitable as drug carriers for SRL, allowing for better control of drug release. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR This team of authors describe the incorporation of sirolimus loaded florescent NPs into polymorphonuclear neutrophils, a process that has been monitored by flow cytometry utilizing the fluorescent properties of the polymeric NPs. SRL accumulated intracellularly, exceeding therapeutic blood levels by a factor of two to four, resulting in reduced phagocytic activity that recovered within 3 hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Moeller
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Center of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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Lankveld DP, Rayavarapu RG, Krystek P, Oomen AG, Verharen HW, van Leeuwen TG, De Jong WH, Manohar S. Blood clearance and tissue distribution of PEGylated and non-PEGylated gold nanorods after intravenous administration in rats. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2011; 6:339-49. [PMID: 21385136 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.10.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To develop and determine the safety of gold nanorods, whose aspect ratios can be tuned to obtain plasmon peaks between 650 and 850 nm, as contrast enhancing agents for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. MATERIALS & METHODS In this study we compared the blood clearance and tissue distribution of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB)-capped and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated gold nanorods after intravenous injection in the tail vein of rats. The gold content in blood and various organs was measured quantitatively with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. RESULTS & DISCUSSION The CTAB-capped gold nanorods were almost immediately (< 15 min) cleared from the blood circulation whereas the PEGylation of gold nanorods resulted in a prolonged blood circulation with a half-life time of 19 h and more wide spread tissue distribution. While for the CTAB-capped gold nanorods the tissue distribution was limited to liver, spleen and lung, the PEGylated gold nanorods also distributed to kidney, heart, thymus, brain and testes. PEGylation of the gold nanorods resulted in the spleen being the organ with the highest exposure, whereas for the non-PEGylated CTAB-capped gold nanorods the liver was the organ with the highest exposure, per gram of organ. CONCLUSION The PEGylation of gold nanorods resulted in a prolongation of the blood clearance and the highest organ exposure in the spleen. In view of the time frame (up to 48 h) of the observed presence in blood circulation, PEGylated gold nanorods can be considered to be promising candidates for therapeutic and diagnostic imaging purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniëlle Pk Lankveld
- Laboratory for Health Protection Research, National Institute for Public Health & the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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Fröhlich E, Meindl C, Roblegg E, Griesbacher A, Pieber TR. Cytotoxity of nanoparticles is influenced by size, proliferation and embryonic origin of the cells used for testing. Nanotoxicology 2011; 6:424-39. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2011.586478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Vanpouille-Box C, Lacoeuille F, Roux J, Aubé C, Garcion E, Lepareur N, Oberti F, Bouchet F, Noiret N, Garin E, Benoît JP, Couturier O, Hindré F. Lipid nanocapsules loaded with rhenium-188 reduce tumor progression in a rat hepatocellular carcinoma model. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16926. [PMID: 21408224 PMCID: PMC3049769 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to their nanometric scale (50 nm) along with their biomimetic properties, lipid nanocapsules loaded with Rhenium-188 (LNC(188)Re-SSS) constitute a promising radiopharmaceutical carrier for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment as its size may improve tumor penetration in comparison with microspheres devices. This study was conducted to confirm the feasibility and to assess the efficacy of internal radiation with LNC(188)Re-SSS in a chemically induced hepatocellular carcinoma rat model. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Animals were treated with an injection of LNC(188)Re-SSS (80 MBq or 120 MBq). The treated animals (80 MBq, n = 12; 120 MBq, n = 11) were compared with sham (n = 12), blank LNC (n = 7) and (188)Re-perrhenate (n = 4) animals. The evaluation criteria included rat survival, tumor volume assessment, and vascular endothelial growth factor quantification. Following treatment with LNC(188)Re-SSS (80 MBq) therapeutic efficiency was demonstrated by an increase in the median survival from 54 to 107% compared with control groups with up to 7 long-term survivors in the LNC(188)Re-SSS group. Decreased vascular endothelial growth factor expression in the treated rats could indicate alterations in the angiogenesis process. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Overall, these results demonstrate that internal radiation with LNC(188)Re-SSS is a promising new strategy for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Franck Lacoeuille
- LUNAM Université, Université d'Angers, INSERM U646, Angers, France
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Angers CHU, Angers, France
| | - Jérôme Roux
- LUNAM Université, Université d'Angers, SCAHU, UFR Medicine, Angers, France
| | - Christophe Aubé
- Radiology Department, Angers CHU, Angers, France
- LUNAM Université, Université d'Angers, Laboratory HIFI, UPRES EA3589, Angers, France
| | - Emmanuel Garcion
- LUNAM Université, Université d'Angers, INSERM U646, Angers, France
| | - Nicolas Lepareur
- Medical Imaging Department, CRLCC Eugene Marquis, Rennes, France
- European University of Brittany, Rennes, France
| | - Frédéric Oberti
- LUNAM Université, Université d'Angers, Laboratory HIFI, UPRES EA3589, Angers, France
| | | | - Nicolas Noiret
- European University of Brittany, Rennes, France
- UMR CNRS 6226, ENSCR, Rennes, France
| | - Etienne Garin
- Medical Imaging Department, CRLCC Eugene Marquis, Rennes, France
- European University of Brittany, Rennes, France
| | | | - Olivier Couturier
- LUNAM Université, Université d'Angers, INSERM U646, Angers, France
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Angers CHU, Angers, France
| | - François Hindré
- LUNAM Université, Université d'Angers, INSERM U646, Angers, France
- * E-mail:
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Sarin H. Physiologic upper limits of pore size of different blood capillary types and another perspective on the dual pore theory of microvascular permeability. JOURNAL OF ANGIOGENESIS RESEARCH 2010; 2:14. [PMID: 20701757 PMCID: PMC2928191 DOI: 10.1186/2040-2384-2-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 362] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2010] [Accepted: 08/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Much of our current understanding of microvascular permeability is based on the findings of classic experimental studies of blood capillary permeability to various-sized lipid-insoluble endogenous and non-endogenous macromolecules. According to the classic small pore theory of microvascular permeability, which was formulated on the basis of the findings of studies on the transcapillary flow rates of various-sized systemically or regionally perfused endogenous macromolecules, transcapillary exchange across the capillary wall takes place through a single population of small pores that are approximately 6 nm in diameter; whereas, according to the dual pore theory of microvascular permeability, which was formulated on the basis of the findings of studies on the accumulation of various-sized systemically or regionally perfused non-endogenous macromolecules in the locoregional tissue lymphatic drainages, transcapillary exchange across the capillary wall also takes place through a separate population of large pores, or capillary leaks, that are between 24 and 60 nm in diameter. The classification of blood capillary types on the basis of differences in the physiologic upper limits of pore size to transvascular flow highlights the differences in the transcapillary exchange routes for the transvascular transport of endogenous and non-endogenous macromolecules across the capillary walls of different blood capillary types. METHODS The findings and published data of studies on capillary wall ultrastructure and capillary microvascular permeability to lipid-insoluble endogenous and non-endogenous molecules from the 1950s to date were reviewed. In this study, the blood capillary types in different tissues and organs were classified on the basis of the physiologic upper limits of pore size to the transvascular flow of lipid-insoluble molecules. Blood capillaries were classified as non-sinusoidal or sinusoidal on the basis of capillary wall basement membrane layer continuity or lack thereof. Non-sinusoidal blood capillaries were further sub-classified as non-fenestrated or fenestrated based on the absence or presence of endothelial cells with fenestrations. The sinusoidal blood capillaries of the liver, myeloid (red) bone marrow, and spleen were sub-classified as reticuloendothelial or non-reticuloendothelial based on the phago-endocytic capacity of the endothelial cells. RESULTS The physiologic upper limit of pore size for transvascular flow across capillary walls of non-sinusoidal non-fenestrated blood capillaries is less than 1 nm for those with interendothelial cell clefts lined with zona occludens junctions (i.e. brain and spinal cord), and approximately 5 nm for those with clefts lined with macula occludens junctions (i.e. skeletal muscle). The physiologic upper limit of pore size for transvascular flow across the capillary walls of non-sinusoidal fenestrated blood capillaries with diaphragmed fenestrae ranges between 6 and 12 nm (i.e. exocrine and endocrine glands); whereas, the physiologic upper limit of pore size for transvascular flow across the capillary walls of non-sinusoidal fenestrated capillaries with open 'non-diaphragmed' fenestrae is approximately 15 nm (kidney glomerulus). In the case of the sinusoidal reticuloendothelial blood capillaries of myeloid bone marrow, the transvascular transport of non-endogenous macromolecules larger than 5 nm into the bone marrow interstitial space takes place via reticuloendothelial cell-mediated phago-endocytosis and transvascular release, which is the case for systemic bone marrow imaging agents as large as 60 nm in diameter. CONCLUSIONS The physiologic upper limit of pore size in the capillary walls of most non-sinusoidal blood capillaries to the transcapillary passage of lipid-insoluble endogenous and non-endogenous macromolecules ranges between 5 and 12 nm. Therefore, macromolecules larger than the physiologic upper limits of pore size in the non-sinusoidal blood capillary types generally do not accumulate within the respective tissue interstitial spaces and their lymphatic drainages. In the case of reticuloendothelial sinusoidal blood capillaries of myeloid bone marrow, however, non-endogenous macromolecules as large as 60 nm in diameter can distribute into the bone marrow interstitial space via the phago-endocytic route, and then subsequently accumulate in the locoregional lymphatic drainages of tissues following absorption into the lymphatic drainage of periosteal fibrous tissues, which is the lymphatic drainage of myeloid bone marrow. When the ultrastructural basis for transcapillary exchange across the capillary walls of different capillary types is viewed in this light, it becomes evident that the physiologic evidence for the existence of aqueous large pores ranging between 24 and 60 nm in diameter in the capillary walls of blood capillaries, is circumstantial, at best.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Sarin
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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Ajana I, Astier A, Gibaud S. Arsthinol nanosuspensions: pharmacokinetics and anti-leukaemic activity on NB4 promyelocytic leukaemia cells. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.61.10.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The organoarsenical arsthinol was used in the 1950s in the treatment of amoebiasis and yaws and was considered as ‘highly tolerated’. The aim of this work was to study its anti-leukaemic activity and to develop nanosuspensions of the drug, thereby limiting brain concentrations and the risk of encephalopathy.
Methods
Arsthinol nanosuspensions were produced by high-pressure homogenization. The anti-leukaemic activity was assessed on NB4 acute promyelocytic leukaemia cells (vs solutions of arsthinol, As2O3 and melarsoprol). In addition, a pharmacokinetics study was performed to compare the nanosuspensions and the solution of arsthinol.
Key findings
Arsthinol induced growth inhibition of NB4 cells at lower concentration (IC50 (concentration inhibiting growth by 50%) = 0.78 ± 0.08 μmol/l after 24 h) than As2O3 (IC50 = 1.60 ± 0.23 μmol/l after 24 h) or melarsoprol (IC50 = 1.44 ± 0.08 μmol/l after 24 h). When formulated as nanosuspension, arsthinol remained cytotoxic (IC50 = 1.33 ± 0.30 μmol/l after 24 h). This formulation also reduced the drug's access to the brain (Cmax = 0.03 μmol/g) whereas bone marrow concentrations remained very high (Cmax = 2 μmol/g).
Conclusions
Nanosuspensions of arsthinol could be proposed for further studies in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Ajana
- EA 3452 ‘Cibles thérapeutiques formulation et expertise préclinique du médicament’, Nancy Université, Nancy, France
| | - Alain Astier
- EA 3452 ‘Cibles thérapeutiques formulation et expertise préclinique du médicament’, Nancy Université, Nancy, France
| | - Stéphane Gibaud
- EA 3452 ‘Cibles thérapeutiques formulation et expertise préclinique du médicament’, Nancy Université, Nancy, France
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Sharma HS, Muresanu DF, Sharma A, Patnaik R, Lafuente JV. Chapter 9 - Nanoparticles influence pathophysiology of spinal cord injury and repair. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2009; 180:154-80. [PMID: 20302834 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6123(08)80009-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious clinical problem for which no suitable therapeutic strategies have been worked out so far. Recent studies suggest that the SCI and its pathophysiological responses could be altered by systemic exposure to nanoparticles. Thus, SCI when made in animals intoxicated with engineered nanoparticles from metals or silica dust worsened the outcome. On the other hand, drugs tagged with titanium (TiO(2)) nanoparticles or encapsulated in liposomes could enhance their neuroprotective efficacy following SCI. Thus, to expand our knowledge on nanoparticle-induced alterations in the spinal cord pathophysiology further research is needed. These investigations will help to develop new strategies to achieve neuroprotection in SCI, for example, using nanodrug delivery. New results from our laboratory showed that nanoparticle-induced exacerbation of cord pathology following trauma can be reduced when the suitable drugs tagged with TiO(2) nanowires were administered into the spinal cord as compared to those drugs given alone. This indicates that nanoparticles depending on the exposure and its usage could induce both neurotoxicity and neuroprotection. This review discusses the potential adverse or therapeutic utilities of nanoparticles in SCI largely based on our own investigations. In addition, possible mechanisms of nanoparticle-induced exacerbation of cord pathology or enhanced neuroprotection following nanodrug delivery is described in light of recently available data in this rapidly emerging field of nanoneurosciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Shanker Sharma
- Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and Pain Research, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital, Uppsala University, SE-75185 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Fröhlich E, Samberger C, Kueznik T, Absenger M, Roblegg E, Zimmer A, Pieber TR. Cytotoxicity of nanoparticles independent from oxidative stress. J Toxicol Sci 2009; 34:363-75. [PMID: 19652459 DOI: 10.2131/jts.34.363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The use of nano-sized materials offers exciting new options in technical and medical applications. On the other hand, adverse effects on cells have been reported and may limit their use. In addition to physico-chemical parameters such as contamination with toxic elements, fibrous structure and high surface charge, the generation of radical species was identified as key mechanism for cytotoxic action of nanoparticles. The cytotoxic potential of nanoparticles in the absence of radical generation is less well investigated. This study aims to investigate the size-dependent effect of carboxyl polystyrene particles on cells to identify potential adverse effects of these particles. Particles were characterized in different solutions to assess the influence of the medium on size and surface charge. Viability, membrane integrity, apoptosis, proliferation and generation of oxidative stress were investigated. In addition the intracellular localization of the particles was recorded. 20 nm polystyrene particles induced cellular damage by induction of apoptosis and necrosis. These particles generated radicals to the same degree as larger polystyrene particles. Particles were taken up into endosomes and lysosomes in a size-dependent manner. Protein containing solutions led to increases in particle size, decreased cytotoxicity and reduced cellular uptake. It can be concluded that even in the absence of high surface reactivity and not linked to the generation of radicals nano-sized particles may cause cell damage. The mechanism of this damage includes apoptosis, necrosis and inhibition of proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonore Fröhlich
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
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Ben Zirar S, Astier A, Muchow M, Gibaud S. Comparison of nanosuspensions and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin complex of melarsoprol: Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution in mice. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2008; 70:649-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2008.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2007] [Revised: 05/17/2008] [Accepted: 05/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
The use of nanotechnology in medicine and more specifically drug delivery is set to spread rapidly. Currently many substances are under investigation for drug delivery and more specifically for cancer therapy. Interestingly pharmaceutical sciences are using nanoparticles to reduce toxicity and side effects of drugs and up to recently did not realize that carrier systems themselves may impose risks to the patient. The kind of hazards that are introduced by using nanoparticles for drug delivery are beyond that posed by conventional hazards imposed by chemicals in classical delivery matrices. For nanoparticles the knowledge on particle toxicity as obtained in inhalation toxicity shows the way how to investigate the potential hazards of nanoparticles. The toxicology of particulate matter differs from toxicology of substances as the composing chemical(s) may or may not be soluble in biological matrices, thus influencing greatly the potential exposure of various internal organs. This may vary from a rather high local exposure in the lungs and a low or neglectable exposure for other organ systems after inhalation. However, absorbed species may also influence the potential toxicity of the inhaled particles. For nanoparticles the situation is different as their size opens the potential for crossing the various biological barriers within the body. From a positive viewpoint, especially the potential to cross the blood brain barrier may open new ways for drug delivery into the brain. In addition, the nanosize also allows for access into the cell and various cellular compartments including the nucleus. A multitude of substances are currently under investigation for the preparation of nanoparticles for drug delivery, varying from biological substances like albumin, gelatine and phospholipids for liposomes, and more substances of a chemical nature like various polymers and solid metal containing nanoparticles. It is obvious that the potential interaction with tissues and cells, and the potential toxicity, greatly depends on the actual composition of the nanoparticle formulation. This paper provides an overview on some of the currently used systems for drug delivery. Besides the potential beneficial use also attention is drawn to the questions how we should proceed with the safety evaluation of the nanoparticle formulations for drug delivery. For such testing the lessons learned from particle toxicity as applied in inhalation toxicology may be of use. Although for pharmaceutical use the current requirements seem to be adequate to detect most of the adverse effects of nanoparticle formulations, it can not be expected that all aspects of nanoparticle toxicology will be detected. So, probably additional more specific testing would be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim H De Jong
- Laboratory for Toxicology, Pathology and Genetics, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
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33
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Lacoeuille F, Hindre F, Moal F, Roux J, Passirani C, Couturier O, Cales P, Le Jeune JJ, Lamprecht A, Benoit JP. In vivo evaluation of lipid nanocapsules as a promising colloidal carrier for paclitaxel. Int J Pharm 2007; 344:143-9. [PMID: 17646066 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2007.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2007] [Revised: 06/08/2007] [Accepted: 06/13/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Paclitaxel-loaded lipid nanocapsules (PX-LNC) exhibit interesting in vitro characteristics with improved antitumoral activity compared with free PX formulation. Biodistribution studies were realized with the use of (14)C-trimyristin ((14)C-TM) or (14)C-phosphatidylcholine ((14)C-PC) whereas antitumoral activity of PX-LNC formulations was based on the animal survival in a chemically induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) model in Wistar rats. Blood concentration-time profiles for both labeled (14)C-TM-LNC and (14)C-PC-LNC were similar; the t(1/2) and MRT values (over 2h and close to 3h, respectively, for both formulations) indicated the long circulating properties of the LNC carrier with a slow distribution and elimination phase. Survival curves of paclitaxel treated groups showed a statistical significant difference compared to the control survival curve (P=0.0036 and 0.0408). Animals treated with 4x 70 mg/m(2) of PX-LNC showed the most significant increase in mean survival times compared to the controls (IST(mean) 72%) and cases of long-term survivors were preferentially observed in the PX-LNC treated group (37.5%; 3/8). These results demonstrate the great interest to use LNC as drug delivery system for paclitaxel, permitting with an equivalent therapeutic efficiency to avoid the use of excipients such as polyoxyethylated castor oil for its formulation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacokinetics
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/therapeutic use
- Area Under Curve
- Biological Availability
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/chemically induced
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/mortality
- Colloids
- Drug Carriers
- Drug Compounding
- Half-Life
- Lipids
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/mortality
- Nanocapsules
- Paclitaxel/administration & dosage
- Paclitaxel/pharmacokinetics
- Paclitaxel/therapeutic use
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Survival Rate
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Affiliation(s)
- F Lacoeuille
- Inserm U646, 10 rue A. Boquel, F-49100 Angers, France.
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Formariz TP, Chiavacci LA, Sarmento VHV, Santilli CV, Tabosa do Egito ES, Oliveira AG. Relationship between structural features and in vitro release of doxorubicin from biocompatible anionic microemulsion. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2007; 60:28-35. [PMID: 17614263 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2007.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2007] [Revised: 05/18/2007] [Accepted: 05/21/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this work structural features of anionic microemulsions, containing the pharmaceutical biocompatible components soya phosphatidylcholine (SPC), eumulgin HRE 40 (EU) and sodium oleate (SO) as surfactant, cholesterol (CHO) as oil phase and aqueous buffer were studied. Microemulsions were formulated with and without the antitumor drug doxorubicin (DOX). The various microstructures characterized in the pseudo-ternary phase diagram were analyzed by polarized light microscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) as well as by their ability to incorporate and release DOX. The experimental results demonstrated a correlation between the composition, the structural features and drug delivery. It was found that at higher cholesterol contents, the crystallization of CHO polymorph phases changed the mobility of DOX molecules. Droplets were formed with short-range spatial correlation from a microemulsion (ME) with a low surfactant:oil ratio. More ordered structures with lamellar arrangements formed by the increasing of the CHO proportions in the formulation may be due to CHO crystallization. The in vitro release of DOX showed that the presence of a high content of crystalline CHO prolongs the release of DOX from ME. The retention of DOX in the internal oil phase of the ME may modulate the drug release for a prolonged time. These results clearly demonstrate the potential of ME as a drug-delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Formariz
- Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas-UNESP, Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú km 01, 14801-902 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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35
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Gibaud S, Astier A. Organoarséniés dérivés du 2-phényl- [1,3,2]dithiarsolane-4-yl)-méthanol (AsIII) à propriétés antileucémiques : des trypanosomicides aux anticancéreux. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2007; 65:162-8. [PMID: 17489071 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-4509(07)90031-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
For several decades, organometallic and organometalloid compounds have played an important part in anticancer chemotherapies, in particular those derived from platinum. Trivalent arsenic, in the form of arsenic trioxide (As2O3; Trisenox(R)) is currently used in the treatment of refractory leukemias, but at the cost of major adverse effects. Moreover, recent studies showed that the trypanocide melarsoprol, could be more effective than arsenic trioxide on myelogenous leukaemias. We have synthesized a series of derivatives from 2-phenyl-[1,3,2]dithiarsolan-4-yl)-methanol (AsIII). Our work shows that the substitution of the aromatic ring by an iodine atom in the ortho position or by an amino-dimethoxytriazin group in the para position increases very significantly the antileukemic activity and improves the therapeutic index (IT=LD50/IC50) of these melarsoprol-derivatives molecules, as compared to arsenic trioxide. However, one of the most promising compounds seems to be arsthinol, an old drug used in the past as an amebicide. Nanoparticle carriers of melarsoprol were also prepared for the purpose of modifying its tissue distribution reduce its brain toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gibaud
- Laboratoire de Pharmacie Clinique, EA 3452, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Henri Poincaré, 5 rue Albert Lebrun, F 54000 Nancy.
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36
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Chellat F, Merhi Y, Moreau A, Yahia L. Therapeutic potential of nanoparticulate systems for macrophage targeting. Biomaterials 2005; 26:7260-75. [PMID: 16023200 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2005.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The use of non-viral nanoparticulate systems for the delivery of therapeutic agents is receiving considerable attention for medical and pharmaceutical applications. This increasing interest results from the fact that these systems can be designed to meet specific physicochemical requirements, and they display low toxic and immunogenic effects. Among potential cellular targets by drug-loaded nanoparticles, macrophages are considered because they play a central role in inflammation and they act as reservoirs for microorganisms that are involved with deadly infectious diseases. The most common and potent drugs used in macrophage-mediated diseases treatment often induce unwanted side effects, when applied as a free form, due to the necessity of high doses to induce a satisfactory effect. This could result in their systemic spreading, a lack of bioavailability at the desired sites, and a short half-life. Therefore, the use of drug-loaded nanoparticles represents a good alternative to avoid, or at least decrease, side effects and increase efficacy. In this manuscript, we present an overview of the usefulness of nanoparticles for macrophage-mediated therapies in particular. We discuss, though not exhaustively, the potential of therapeutic agent-loaded nanoparticles for some macrophage-mediated diseases. We also underline the most important parameters that affect the interaction mechanisms of the macrophages and the physicochemical aspects of the particulate systems that may influence their performance in macrophage-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatiha Chellat
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal, C.P. 6079, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Qué., Canada H3C 3A7.
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37
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Oberdörster G, Oberdörster E, Oberdörster J. Nanotoxicology: an emerging discipline evolving from studies of ultrafine particles. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2005; 113:823-39. [PMID: 16002369 PMCID: PMC1257642 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.7339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3997] [Impact Index Per Article: 210.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2004] [Accepted: 03/22/2005] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Although humans have been exposed to airborne nanosized particles (NSPs; < 100 nm) throughout their evolutionary stages, such exposure has increased dramatically over the last century due to anthropogenic sources. The rapidly developing field of nanotechnology is likely to become yet another source through inhalation, ingestion, skin uptake, and injection of engineered nanomaterials. Information about safety and potential hazards is urgently needed. Results of older biokinetic studies with NSPs and newer epidemiologic and toxicologic studies with airborne ultrafine particles can be viewed as the basis for the expanding field of nanotoxicology, which can be defined as safety evaluation of engineered nanostructures and nanodevices. Collectively, some emerging concepts of nanotoxicology can be identified from the results of these studies. When inhaled, specific sizes of NSPs are efficiently deposited by diffusional mechanisms in all regions of the respiratory tract. The small size facilitates uptake into cells and transcytosis across epithelial and endothelial cells into the blood and lymph circulation to reach potentially sensitive target sites such as bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen, and heart. Access to the central nervous system and ganglia via translocation along axons and dendrites of neurons has also been observed. NSPs penetrating the skin distribute via uptake into lymphatic channels. Endocytosis and biokinetics are largely dependent on NSP surface chemistry (coating) and in vivo surface modifications. The greater surface area per mass compared with larger-sized particles of the same chemistry renders NSPs more active biologically. This activity includes a potential for inflammatory and pro-oxidant, but also antioxidant, activity, which can explain early findings showing mixed results in terms of toxicity of NSPs to environmentally relevant species. Evidence of mitochondrial distribution and oxidative stress response after NSP endocytosis points to a need for basic research on their interactions with subcellular structures. Additional considerations for assessing safety of engineered NSPs include careful selections of appropriate and relevant doses/concentrations, the likelihood of increased effects in a compromised organism, and also the benefits of possible desirable effects. An interdisciplinary team approach (e.g., toxicology, materials science, medicine, molecular biology, and bioinformatics, to name a few) is mandatory for nanotoxicology research to arrive at an appropriate risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter Oberdörster
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA.
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Chernysheva YV, Babak VG, Kildeeva NR, Boury F, Benoit JP, Ubrich N, Maincent P. Effect of the type of hydrophobic polymers on the size of nanoparticles obtained by emulsification–solvent evaporation. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2003. [DOI: 10.1070/mc2003v013n02abeh001690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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39
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Simeonova M, Antcheva M, Chorbadjiev K. Study on the effect of polybutyl-2-cyanoacrylate nanoparticles and their metabolites on the phagocytic activity of peritoneal exudate cells of mice. Biomaterials 2003; 24:313-20. [PMID: 12419633 DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(02)00321-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The phagocytic activity of peritoneal exudate cells (PECs) harvested from peritoneal cavity of mice after a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) treatment with poly(butylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles (PBCN) and their probable metabolites [poly(cyanoacrylic acid) (PCAA) and n-butanol] was investigated in an in vitro phagocytic assay. Polymer suspension of PBCN was given as a single i.p. injection at doses of 200 and 10 mgkg(-1), 3, 18, 72 and 120 h before the performance of the phagocytic assay. PCAA and n-butanol were given at the same manner at doses of 126.8 and 96.8 mgkg(-1), respectively (equivalent to a dose of 200 mgkg(-1) of intact PBCN after enzyme hydrolysis) 3, 18 and 120 h before the test performance. The phagocytic assay was performed in vitro in tubes with sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Phagocytic index (percentage of PECs ingested more than 3 sheep erythrocytes), phagocytic number, and ingestion capacity (number of erythrocytes ingested per cell) were the parameters used for evaluation of the phagocytic activity. The alterations of phagocytic activity of the PECs observed were strongly time- and dose-dependent. Administration of all tested compounds shortly before the test performance resulted in a considerable decrease in the capability of PECs to ingest SRBC. The alterations of phagocytic activity decreased when the time between the treatment of mice and the phagocytic assay is on the increase. The dose of 200 mgkg(-1) of PBCN administered 120 h before the phagocytic assay led to the significant increase of the phagocytic index of PECs. The phagocytic function of assayed PECs was temporary impeded and 5 days were completely enough for their restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Simeonova
- Laboratory Amphiphilic Polymers, Institute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bontchev Str. Bl 103-A, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
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40
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Zambaux MF, Faivre-Fiorina B, Bonneau F, Marchal S, Merlin JL, Dellacherie E, Labrude P, Vigneron C. Involvement of neutrophilic granulocytes in the uptake of biodegradable non-stealth and stealth nanoparticles in guinea pig. Biomaterials 2000; 21:975-80. [PMID: 10768748 DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(99)00233-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The in vivo behavior of monomethoxypoly(ethylene oxide)-poly(lactic acid) (MPEO20-PLA45/PLA (75/25)) nanoparticles in comparison with PLA ones was studied in guinea pig. Indeed, the aim of this study was to bring to the fore the in vivo stealth character of these copolymer nanoparticles and to identify the phagocytic circulating cells involved in their uptake. After the intravascular administration of fluorescent nanoparticles (rubrene), their phagocytosis by granulocytes and monocytes was assayed by flow cytometry. At the same time, the evolution of the number of these phagocytic cells was realized in order to identify their function in the nanoparticle uptake. Finally, a histological study of the spleen (30 h after the nanoparticle administration) was investigated to highlight the splenic trapping of these stealth nanoparticles. This study has shown that the phagocytic circulating cells involved in the nanoparticle uptake were mainly neutrophilic granulocytes and some of them were found in the spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Zambaux
- Laboratoire d'Hematologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Nancy, France
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41
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Gibaud S, Rousseau C, Weingarten C, Favier R, Douay L, Andreux JP, Couvreur P. Polyalkylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles as carriers for granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF). J Control Release 1998; 52:131-9. [PMID: 9685943 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-3659(97)00194-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The human recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) is largely used in the treatment of neutropenia occurring during chemotherapy. After injection, this glycoprotein distributes through the whole body. Thus, to obtain high and durable bone marrow concentrations, targeting with polyalkylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles was considered. Two methods of preparation were investigated: anionic polymerization and precipitation of the preformed polymer. By anionic polymerization, it was possible to associate more than 66% of rhG-CSF with nanoparticles (polyisobutyl- or polyisohexylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles) when the glycoprotein was added at the end of the polymerization process. It has been shown that the rhG-CSF was mainly adsorbed on the surface of the nanoparticles and most of the colony stimulating activity was conserved. Using precipitation of performed polyisohexylcyanoacrylate, 90% of rhG-CSF was associated with nanoparticles, the protein being mainly adsorbed onto the nanoparticle surface. In this case, a decrease of the colony stimulating activity was however observed. Whatever the method used, the in vitro release of rhG-CSF from the polyisohexylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles, was progressive during 8 h in seric conditions. Nevertheless, using mice as an animal model, it has been shown that the short-term effects of intravenously injected rhG-CSF were not increased by its association with polyisohexylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gibaud
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie, Pharmacotechnie et Biopharmacie, URA-CNRS 1218, Université Paris XI, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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42
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Gulyaev AE, Ermekbaeva BA, Kivman GY, Radchenko TG, Sherstov AY, Shirinskii VG. Nanoparticles as a vector for the directed delivery of antibiotics (a review). Pharm Chem J 1998. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02464187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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