1
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Tsai PC, Chen RLC, Hsieh BC, Cheng TJ. Nitrocellulose/acrylic resin coated screen-printed carbon electrode to construct a capacitive immunosensor for anti-BSA. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 258:116376. [PMID: 38739999 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The capacitive immunosensor, known for its label-free simplicity, has great potential for point-of-care diagnostics. However, the interaction between insulation and recognition layers on the sensing electrode greatly affects its performance. This study introduces a pioneering dual-layer strategy, implementing a novel combination of acrylic resin (AR) and nitrocellulose (NC) coatings on screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs). This innovative approach not only enhances the dielectric properties of the capacitive sensor but also streamlines the immobilization of recognizing elements. Particularly noteworthy is the superior reliability and insulation offered by the AR coating, surpassing the limitations of traditional self-assembled monolayer (SAM) modifications. This dual-layer methodology establishes a robust foundation for constructing capacitive sensors optimized specifically for liquid medium-based biosensing applications. The NC coating in this study represents a breakthrough in effectively immobilizing BSA, unraveling the capacitive response intricately linked to the quantity of adsorbed recognizing elements. The results underscore the prowess of the proposed immunosensor, showcasing a meticulously defined linear calibration curve for anti-BSA (ranging from 0 to 25 μg/ml). Additionally, specific interactions with anti-HAS and anti-TNF-α further validate the versatility and efficacy of the developed immunosensor. This work presents a streamlined and highly efficient protocol for developing label-free immunosensors for antibody determination and introduces a paradigm shift by utilizing readily available electrodes and sensing systems. The findings are poised to catalyze a significant acceleration in the advancement of biosensor technology, opening new avenues for innovative applications in point-of-care diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chia Tsai
- Department of Biomechatronics Engineering, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Richie L C Chen
- Department of Biomechatronics Engineering, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Chuan Hsieh
- Department of Biomechatronics Engineering, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Jih Cheng
- Department of Biomechatronics Engineering, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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2
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Pandey R, Lu Y, McConnell EM, Osman E, Scott A, Gu J, Hoare T, Soleymani L, Li Y. Electrochemical DNAzyme-based biosensors for disease diagnosis. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 224:114983. [PMID: 36640547 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
DNAzyme-based electrochemical biosensors provide exceptional analytical sensitivity and high target recognition specificity for disease diagnosis. This review provides a critical perspective on the fundamental and applied impact of incorporating DNAzymes in the field of electrochemical biosensing. Specifically, we highlight recent advances in creating DNAzyme-based electrochemical biosensors for diagnosing infectious diseases, cancer and regulatory diseases. We also develop an understanding of challenges around translating the research in the field of DNAzyme-based electrochemical biosensors from labs to clinics, followed by a discussion on different strategies that can be applied to enhance the performance of the currently existing technologies to create truly point-of-care electrochemical DNAzyme biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Pandey
- Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Yang Lu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Erin M McConnell
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Enas Osman
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Alexander Scott
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Jimmy Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Todd Hoare
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Leyla Soleymani
- Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada; Michael G. DeGroot Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada.
| | - Yingfu Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada; Michael G. DeGroot Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4K1, Canada.
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3
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Suthar J, Prieto-Simon B, Williams GR, Guldin S. Dual-Mode and Label-Free Detection of Exosomes from Plasma Using an Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation Monitoring. Anal Chem 2022. [PMID: 35072456 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04282/suppl_file/ac1c04282_si_001.pdf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The biomolecular contents of extracellular vesicles, such as exosomes, have been shown to be crucial in intercellular communication and disease propagation. As a result, there has been a recent surge in the exploration of novel biosensing platforms that can sensitively and specifically detect exosomal content such as proteins and nucleic acids, with a view toward application in diagnostic assays. Here, we demonstrate dual-mode and label-free detection of plasma exosomes using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (EQCM-D). The platform adopts a direct immunosensing approach to effectively capture exosomes via their surface protein expression of CD63. By combining QCM-D with a tandem in situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurement, we are able to demonstrate relationships between mass, viscoelasticity and impedance inducing properties of each functional layer and analyte. In addition to lowering the limit of detection (by a factor of 2-4) to 6.71 × 107 exosome-sized particles (ESP) per mL in 25% v/v serum, the synergy between dissipation and impedance response introduces improved sensing specificity by offering further distinction between soft and rigid analytes, thereby promoting EQCM-D as an important technique for exosome analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jugal Suthar
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, Bloomsbury, London, WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Beatriz Prieto-Simon
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gareth R Williams
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, Bloomsbury, London, WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Guldin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
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4
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Suthar J, Prieto-Simon B, Williams GR, Guldin S. Dual-Mode and Label-Free Detection of Exosomes from Plasma Using an Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation Monitoring. Anal Chem 2022; 94:2465-2475. [PMID: 35072456 PMCID: PMC9096790 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The
biomolecular contents of extracellular vesicles, such as exosomes,
have been shown to be crucial in intercellular communication and disease
propagation. As a result, there has been a recent surge in the exploration
of novel biosensing platforms that can sensitively and specifically
detect exosomal content such as proteins and nucleic acids, with a
view toward application in diagnostic assays. Here, we demonstrate
dual-mode and label-free detection of plasma exosomes using an electrochemical
quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (EQCM-D).
The platform adopts a direct immunosensing approach to effectively
capture exosomes via their surface protein expression of CD63. By
combining QCM-D with a tandem in situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
measurement, we are able to demonstrate relationships between mass,
viscoelasticity and impedance inducing properties of each functional
layer and analyte. In addition to lowering the limit of detection
(by a factor of 2–4) to 6.71 × 107 exosome-sized
particles (ESP) per mL in 25% v/v serum, the synergy between dissipation
and impedance response introduces improved sensing specificity by
offering further distinction between soft and rigid analytes, thereby
promoting EQCM-D as an important technique for exosome analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jugal Suthar
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, Bloomsbury, London, WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Beatriz Prieto-Simon
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gareth R. Williams
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, Bloomsbury, London, WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Guldin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
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5
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Lebitania JA, Inada N, Morimoto M, You J, Shahiduzzaman M, Taima T, Hirata K, Fukuma T, Ohta A, Asakawa T, Asakawa H. Local Cross-Coupling Activity of Azide-Hexa(ethylene glycol)-Terminated Self-Assembled Monolayers Investigated by Atomic Force Microscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:14688-14696. [PMID: 34878277 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Azide-oligo(ethylene glycol)-terminated self-assembled monolayers (N3-OEG-SAMs) are promising interfacial structures for surface functionalization. Its many potential applications include chemical/bio-sensing and construction of surface models owing to its cross-coupling activity that originates from the azide group and oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) units for non-specific adsorption resistance. However, there are only a few studies and limited information, particularly on the molecular-scale structures and local cross-coupling activities of N3-OEG-SAMs, which are vital to understanding its surface properties and interfacial molecular design. In this study, molecular-scale surface structures and cross-coupling activity of azide-hexa(ethylene glycol)-terminated SAMs (N3-EG6-SAMs) were investigated using frequency modulation atomic force microscopy (FM-AFM) in liquid. The N3-EG6-SAMs were prepared on Au(111) substrates through the self-assembly of 11-azido-hexa(ethylene glycol)-undecane-1-thiol (N3-EG6-C11-HS) molecules obtained from a liquid phase. Subnanometer-resolution surface structures were visualized in an aqueous solution using a laboratory-built FM-AFM instrument. The results show a well-ordered molecular arrangement in the N3-EG6-SAM and its clean surfaces originating from the adsorption resistance property of the terminal EG6 units. Surface functionalization by the cross-coupling reaction of copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition was observed, indicating a structural change in the form of fluctuating structures and island-shaped structures depending on the concentration of the alkyne molecules. The FM-AFM imaging enabled to provide information on the relationship between the surface structures and cross-coupling activity. These findings provide molecular-scale information on the functionalization of the N3-EG6-SAMs, which is helpful for the interfacial molecular design based on alkanethiol SAMs in many applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Ann Lebitania
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Natsumi Inada
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Masayuki Morimoto
- Nanomaterials Research Institute (NanoMaRi), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Jiaxun You
- Graduate School of Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Md Shahiduzzaman
- Nanomaterials Research Institute (NanoMaRi), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Taima
- Nanomaterials Research Institute (NanoMaRi), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kaito Hirata
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fukuma
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- Nano Life Science Institute (NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Akio Ohta
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Asakawa
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Asakawa
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- Nanomaterials Research Institute (NanoMaRi), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
- Nano Life Science Institute (NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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6
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Ma Y, Tonelli M, Unsworth LD. Effect of carbamylation on protein structure and adsorption to self-assembled monolayer surfaces. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 203:111719. [PMID: 33831751 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Protein adsorption research has primarily focused upon the effects of surface chemistry, with almost no emphasis on how changes to proteins that occur in various disease states may influence their adsorption. One such situation occurs with chronic kidney disease where, despite hemodialysis treatment, the retention of urea within the blood compartment leads to protein carbamylation. Protein carbamylation has been shown to alter the function and structure of proteins. This work is focused on understanding how different degrees of carbamylation affect the physicochemical properties (structure, charge, water interactions) of single proteins (α-lactalbumin, albumin, and fibrinogen) and their adsorption to self-assembled monolayers. It was found that, unlike its secondary structure, the protein's tertiary structure was significantly altered upon carbamylation. Also, compared to native proteins, an increase in carbamylation lead to an increase in the negative surface charge of the protein and a weaker hydration state of the protein. In order to study the effects of different types of neutral surfaces, of different surface-water properties, on protein adsorption both bare and alkanethiol modified (-CH3 or -OH end-groups) Au surfaces with were used as model surfaces. A significant decrease in adsorbed amounts of carbamylated fibrinogen and carbamylated α-lactalbumin, but not for carbamylated albumin, relative to native proteins was observed for both surfaces; suggesting that the increase in negative surface charge is more influential on adsorption than the change in hydration that occurs throughout the protein upon carbamylation. This data suggests that protein alterations that occur due to disease states have a significant effect on the overall protein structure and these changes affect their adsorption to surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2V2, Canada
| | - Marcello Tonelli
- Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Larry D Unsworth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2V2, Canada; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1H9, Canada.
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7
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Wang L, Zhang W, Samavat S, Deganello D, Teng KS. Vertically Aligned Graphene Prepared by Photonic Annealing for Ultrasensitive Biosensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:35328-35336. [PMID: 32657575 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c08036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Graphene exhibits excellent physical, electronic, and chemical properties that are highly desirable for biosensing applications. However, most graphene biosensors are based on graphene lying flat on a substrate and therefore do not utilize its maximum specific surface area for ultrasensitive detection. Herein, we report the novel use of photonic annealing on a flexographically printed graphene-ethyl cellulose composite to produce vertically aligned graphene (VAG) biosensors for ultrasensitive detection of algal toxins in drinking water. These VAG structures, which maximized the specific surface area of graphene, were formed by partial removal of the polymeric binder upon applying intense pulsed light on the printed graphene. A label-free and low-cost VAG biosensor based on a non-faradaic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique was fabricated. The biosensor exhibited a limit of detection of 1.2 ng/L for microcystin-LR in local tap water. Such an ultrasensitive VAG biosensor is suitable for low-cost mass production using an integrated roll-to-roll flexographic printing with rapid photonic annealing technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lue Wang
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea SA1 8EN, U.K
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea SA1 8EN, U.K
| | - Siamak Samavat
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea SA1 8EN, U.K
| | - Davide Deganello
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea SA1 8EN, U.K
| | - Kar Seng Teng
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea SA1 8EN, U.K
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8
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Lin PH, Li BR. Antifouling strategies in advanced electrochemical sensors and biosensors. Analyst 2020; 145:1110-1120. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an02017a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A review presented recent development of antifouling strategies in electrochemical sensors and biosensors based on the modification methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Heng Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering
- College of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu
- Taiwan
| | - Bor-Ran Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering
- College of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu
- Taiwan
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9
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Kanyong P, Davis JJ. Homogeneous functional self-assembled monolayers: Faradaic impedance baseline signal drift suppression for high-sensitivity immunosensing of C-reactive protein. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Retout M, Brunetti E, Valkenier H, Bruylants G. Limits of thiol chemistry revealed by quantitative analysis of mixed layers of thiolated-PEG ligands grafted onto gold nanoparticles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 557:807-815. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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11
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Gankin A, Mervinetsky E, Alshanski I, Buchwald J, Dianat A, Gutierrez R, Cuniberti G, Sfez R, Yitzchaik S. ITO Work Function Tunability by Polarizable Chromophore Monolayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:2997-3004. [PMID: 30707589 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The ability to tune the electronic properties of oxide-bearing semiconductors such as Si/SiO2 or transparent metal oxides such as indium-tin oxide (ITO) is of great importance in both electronic and optoelectronic device applications. In this work, we describe a process that was conducted on n-type Si/SiO2 and ITO to induce changes in the substrate work function (WF). The substrates were modified by a two-step synthesis comprising a covalent attachment of coupling agents' monolayer followed by in situ anchoring reactions of polarizable chromophores. The coupling agents and chromophores were chosen with opposite dipole orientations, which enabled the tunability of the substrates' WF. In the first step, two coupling agents with opposite molecular dipole were assembled. The coupling agent with a negative dipole induced a decrease in WF of modified substrates, while the coupling agent with a positive dipole produced an increase in WFs of both ITO and Si substrates. The second modification step consisted of in situ anchoring reaction of polarizable chromophores with opposite dipoles to the coupling layer. This modification led to an additional change in the WFs of both Si/SiO2 and ITO substrates. The WF was measured by contact potential difference and modeled by density functional theory-based theoretical calculations of the WF for each of the assembly steps. A good fit was obtained between the calculated and experimental trends. This ability to design and tune the WF of ITO substrates was implemented in an organic electronic device with improved I- V characteristics in comparison to a bare ITO-based device.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jörg Buchwald
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials , TU Dresden , Dresden 01062 , Germany
| | - Arezoo Dianat
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials , TU Dresden , Dresden 01062 , Germany
| | - Rafael Gutierrez
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials , TU Dresden , Dresden 01062 , Germany
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials , TU Dresden , Dresden 01062 , Germany
- Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science , TU Dresden , Dresden 01062 , Germany
| | - Ruthy Sfez
- Azrieli College of Engineering , Jerusalem 9103501 , Israel
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12
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Castiello FR, Porter J, Modarres P, Tabrizian M. Interfacial capacitance immunosensing using interdigitated electrodes: the effect of insulation/immobilization chemistry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:15787-15797. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02129a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
With the aim of improving the reproducibility of capacitive immunosensors, we performed a comparative study of four different insulating/immobilization chemistries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James Porter
- Biomedical Engineering Department
- McGill University
- Montreal
- Canada
| | - Paresa Modarres
- Biomedical Engineering Department
- McGill University
- Montreal
- Canada
| | - Maryam Tabrizian
- Biomedical Engineering Department
- McGill University
- Montreal
- Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry
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13
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Gentili D, D’Angelo P, Militano F, Mazzei R, Poerio T, Brucale M, Tarabella G, Bonetti S, Marasso SL, Cocuzza M, Giorno L, Iannotta S, Cavallini M. Integration of organic electrochemical transistors and immuno-affinity membranes for label-free detection of interleukin-6 in the physiological concentration range through antibody–antigen recognition. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:5400-5406. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb01697f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A label-free immunosensor based on an organic electrochemical transistor integrated with an immuno-affinity membrane for cytokine detection at physiologically relevant concentrations is reported.
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14
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Gankin A, Sfez R, Mervinetsky E, Buchwald J, Dianat A, Medrano Sandonas L, Gutierrez R, Cuniberti G, Yitzchaik S. Molecular and Ionic Dipole Effects on the Electronic Properties of Si-/SiO 2-Grafted Alkylamine Monolayers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:44873-44879. [PMID: 29206026 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate the tunability of electronic properties of Si/SiO2 substrates by molecular and ionic surface modifications. The changes in the electronic properties such as the work function (WF) and electron affinity were experimentally measured by the contact potential difference technique and theoretically supported by density functional theory calculations. We attribute these molecular electronic effects mainly to the variations of molecular and surface dipoles of the ionic and neutral species. We have previously shown that for the alkylhalide monolayers, changing the tail group from Cl to I decreased the WF of the substrate. Here, we report on the opposite trend of WF changes, that is, the increase of the WF, obtained by using the anions of these halides from Cl- to I-. This trend was observed on self-assembled alkylammonium halide (-NH3+ X-, where X- = Cl-, Br-, or I-) monolayer-modified substrates. The monolayer's formation was supported by ellipsometry measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Comparison of the theoretical and experimental data suggests that the ionic surface dipole depends mainly on the polarizability and the position of the counter halide anion along with the organization and packaging of the layer. The described ionic modification can be easily used for facile tailoring and design of the electronic properties Si/SiO2 substrates for various device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Gankin
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Ruthy Sfez
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Azrieli College of Engineering , Jerusalem 9103501, Israel
| | - Evgeniy Mervinetsky
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shlomo Yitzchaik
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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15
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Slaughter LS, Cheung KM, Kaappa S, Cao HH, Yang Q, Young TD, Serino AC, Malola S, Olson JM, Link S, Häkkinen H, Andrews AM, Weiss PS. Patterning of supported gold monolayers via chemical lift-off lithography. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 8:2648-2661. [PMID: 29259879 PMCID: PMC5727779 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The supported monolayer of Au that accompanies alkanethiolate molecules removed by polymer stamps during chemical lift-off lithography is a scarcely studied hybrid material. We show that these Au-alkanethiolate layers on poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) are transparent, functional, hybrid interfaces that can be patterned over nanometer, micrometer, and millimeter length scales. Unlike other ultrathin Au films and nanoparticles, lifted-off Au-alkanethiolate thin films lack a measurable optical signature. We therefore devised fabrication, characterization, and simulation strategies by which to interrogate the nanoscale structure, chemical functionality, stoichiometry, and spectral signature of the supported Au-thiolate layers. The patterning of these layers laterally encodes their functionality, as demonstrated by a fluorescence-based approach that relies on dye-labeled complementary DNA hybridization. Supported thin Au films can be patterned via features on PDMS stamps (controlled contact), using patterned Au substrates prior to lift-off (e.g., selective wet etching), or by patterning alkanethiols on Au substrates to be reactive in selected regions but not others (controlled reactivity). In all cases, the regions containing Au-alkanethiolate layers have a sub-nanometer apparent height, which was found to be consistent with molecular dynamics simulations that predicted the removal of no more than 1.5 Au atoms per thiol, thus presenting a monolayer-like structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liane S Slaughter
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kevin M Cheung
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sami Kaappa
- Department of Physics, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Huan H Cao
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Qing Yang
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Thomas D Young
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Andrew C Serino
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sami Malola
- Department of Physics, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jana M Olson
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005, USA
| | - Stephan Link
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 77005, USA
| | - Hannu Häkkinen
- Department of Physics, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Anne M Andrews
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, and Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Paul S Weiss
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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16
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Schulz F, Dahl GT, Besztejan S, Schroer MA, Lehmkühler F, Grübel G, Vossmeyer T, Lange H. Ligand Layer Engineering To Control Stability and Interfacial Properties of Nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:7897-907. [PMID: 27458652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The use of mixed ligand layers including poly(ethylene glycol)-based ligands for the functionalization of nanoparticles is a very popular strategy in the context of nanomedicine. However, it is challenging to control the composition of the ligand layer and maintain high colloidal and chemical stability of the conjugates. A high level of control and stability are crucial for reproducibility, upscaling, and safe application. In this study, gold nanoparticles with well-defined mixed ligand layers of α-methoxypoly(ethylene glycol)-ω-(11-mercaptoundecanoate) (PEGMUA) and 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) were synthesized and characterized by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and gel electrophoresis. The colloidal and chemical stability of the conjugates was tested by dynamic light scattering (DLS), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and UV/vis spectroscopy based experiments, and their interactions with cells were analyzed by elemental analysis. We demonstrate that the alkylene spacer in PEGMUA is the key feature for the controlled synthesis of mixed layer conjugates with very high colloidal and chemical stability and that a controlled synthesis is not possible using regular PEG ligands without the alkylene spacer. With the results of our stability tests, the molecular structure of the ligands can be clearly linked to the colloidal and chemical stabilization. We expect that the underlying design principle can be generalized to improve the level of control in nanoparticle surface chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Schulz
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg , Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gregor T Dahl
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg , Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Besztejan
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg , Martin-Luther-King Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin A Schroer
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Felix Lehmkühler
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Grübel
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Vossmeyer
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg , Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Holger Lange
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg , Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging (CUI), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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17
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Riquelme MV, Zhao H, Srinivasaraghavan V, Pruden A, Vikesland P, Agah M. Optimizing blocking of nonspecific bacterial attachment to impedimetric biosensors. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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18
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Sharma R, Deacon SE, Nowak D, George SE, Szymonik MP, Tang AAS, Tomlinson DC, Davies AG, McPherson MJ, Wälti C. Label-free electrochemical impedance biosensor to detect human interleukin-8 in serum with sub-pg/ml sensitivity. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 80:607-613. [PMID: 26897263 PMCID: PMC4785862 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Biosensors with high sensitivity and short time-to-result that are capable of detecting biomarkers in body fluids such as serum are an important prerequisite for early diagnostics in modern healthcare provision. Here, we report the development of an electrochemical impedance-based sensor for the detection in serum of human interleukin-8 (IL-8), a pro-angiogenic chemokine implicated in a wide range of inflammatory diseases. The sensor employs a small and robust synthetic non-antibody capture protein based on a cystatin scaffold that displays high affinity for human IL-8 with a KD of 35±10 nM and excellent ligand specificity. The change in the phase of the electrochemical impedance from the serum baseline, ∆θ(ƒ), measured at 0.1 Hz, was used as the measure for quantifying IL-8 concentration in the fluid. Optimal sensor signal was observed after 15 min incubation, and the sensor exhibited a linear response versus logarithm of IL-8 concentration from 900 fg/ml to 900 ng/ml. A detection limit of around 90 fg/ml, which is significantly lower than the basal clinical levels of 5–10 pg/ml, was observed. Our results are significant for the development of point-of-care and early diagnostics where high sensitivity and short time-to-results are essential. A label-free electrochemical impedance-based sensor for the detection of human interleukin-8 (IL-8) in full serum was developed. Detection limit of 90 fg/ml and time-to-result of 15 min was found. A large dynamic range of the sensor was observed, with sensor response linear vs logarithm of IL-8 concentration from 900 fg/ml to 900 ng/ml. The sensor employs a small and robust synthetic non-antibody capture protein, with high stability and excellent ligand specificity. Findings are particularly relevant for the development of point-of-care and early diagnosis sensors where high sensitivity and short time-to-results are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sharma
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - S E Deacon
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - D Nowak
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - S E George
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - M P Szymonik
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - A A S Tang
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; BioScreening Technology Group, Astbury Building, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - D C Tomlinson
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; BioScreening Technology Group, Astbury Building, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - A G Davies
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - M J McPherson
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; BioScreening Technology Group, Astbury Building, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - C Wälti
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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19
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Jiang L, Sangeeth CSS, Nijhuis CA. The Origin of the Odd–Even Effect in the Tunneling Rates across EGaIn Junctions with Self-Assembled Monolayers (SAMs) of n-Alkanethiolates. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:10659-67. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b05761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiang
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - C. S. Suchand Sangeeth
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Christian A. Nijhuis
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Solar
Energy Research Institute of Singapore (SERIS), National University of Singapore, 7 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117574, Singapore
- Centre
for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
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20
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Murray J, Nowak D, Pukenas L, Azhar R, Guillorit M, Wälti C, Critchley K, Johnson S, Bon RS. Solid phase synthesis of functionalised SAM-forming alkanethiol-oligoethyleneglycols. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:3741-3744. [PMID: 25400934 DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00573b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present an efficient solid phase synthesis methodology that provides easy access to a range of functionalised long-chain alkanethiol-oligoethyleneglycols that form well-defined self-assembled monolayers on gold and are compatible with pre- or post-assembly conjugation of (bio)molecules. We demonstrate the versatility of our synthetic route by synthesising LCAT-OEGs with a range of functional moieties, including peptides, electro-active redox groups, chemical handles for post-assembly conjugation of (bio)molecules, and demonstrate the application of our LCAT-OEG monolayers in immunosensing, where they show good biocompatibility with minimal biofouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Murray
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK ; Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Dominika Nowak
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, UK ; School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Laurynas Pukenas
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, UK ; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Rizuan Azhar
- Department of Electronics, University of York, Heslington York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | | | - Christoph Wälti
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Kevin Critchley
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, UK ; School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Steven Johnson
- Department of Electronics, University of York, Heslington York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Robin S Bon
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK ; Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, UK
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