1
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Ramirez-Velez I, Belardi B. Storming the gate: New approaches for targeting the dynamic tight junction for improved drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 199:114905. [PMID: 37271282 PMCID: PMC10999255 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
As biologics used in the clinic outpace the number of new small molecule drugs, an important challenge for their efficacy and widespread use has emerged, namely tissue penetrance. Macromolecular drugs - bulky, high-molecular weight, hydrophilic agents - exhibit low permeability across biological barriers. Epithelial and endothelial layers, for example within the gastrointestinal tract or at the blood-brain barrier, present the most significant obstacle to drug transport. Within epithelium, two subcellular structures are responsible for limiting absorption: cell membranes and intercellular tight junctions. Previously considered impenetrable to macromolecular drugs, tight junctions control paracellular flux and dictate drug transport between cells. Recent work, however, has shown tight junctions to be dynamic, anisotropic structures that can be targeted for delivery. This review aims to summarize new approaches for targeting tight junctions, both directly and indirectly, and to highlight how manipulation of tight junction interactions may help usher in a new era of precision drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Ramirez-Velez
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Brian Belardi
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States.
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2
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Peterson RJ, Koval M. Above the Matrix: Functional Roles for Apically Localized Integrins. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:699407. [PMID: 34485286 PMCID: PMC8414885 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.699407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are transmembrane proteins that are most typically thought of as integrating adhesion to the extracellular matrix with intracellular signaling and cell regulation. Traditionally, integrins are found at basolateral and lateral cell surfaces where they facilitate binding to the ECM and intercellular adhesion through cytosolic binding partners that regulate organization of actin microfilaments. However, evidence is accumulating that integrins also are apically localized, either endogenously or due to an exogenous stimulus. Apically localized integrins have been shown to regulate several processes by interacting with proteins such as connexins, tight junction proteins, and polarity complex proteins. Integrins can also act as receptors to mediate endocytosis. Here we review these newly appreciated roles for integrins localized to the apical cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raven J Peterson
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Michael Koval
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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3
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Luo Z, Paunović N, Leroux JC. Physical methods for enhancing drug absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 175:113814. [PMID: 34052229 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Overcoming the gastrointestinal (GI) barriers is a formidable challenge in the oral delivery of active macromolecules such as peptide- and protein- based drugs. In the past four decades, a plethora of formulation strategies ranging from permeation enhancers, nanosized carriers, and chemical modifications of the drug's structure has been investigated to increase the oral absorption of these macromolecular compounds. However, only limited successes have been achieved so far, with the bioavailability of marketed oral peptide drugs remaining generally very low. Recently, a few approaches that are based on physical interactions, such as magnetic, acoustic, and mechanical forces, have been explored in order to control and improve the drug permeability across the GI mucosa. Although in the early stages, some of these methods have shown great potential both in terms of improved bioavailability and spatiotemporal delivery of drugs. Here, we offer a concise, yet critical overview of these rather unconventional technologies with a particular focus on their potential and possible challenges for further clinical translation.
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4
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Finbloom JA, Sousa F, Stevens MM, Desai TA. Engineering the drug carrier biointerface to overcome biological barriers to drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 167:89-108. [PMID: 32535139 PMCID: PMC10822675 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Micro and nanoscale drug carriers must navigate through a plethora of dynamic biological systems prior to reaching their tissue or disease targets. The biological obstacles to drug delivery come in many forms and include tissue barriers, mucus and bacterial biofilm hydrogels, the immune system, and cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking. The biointerface of drug carriers influences how these carriers navigate and overcome biological barriers for successful drug delivery. In this review, we examine how key material design parameters lead to dynamic biointerfaces and improved drug delivery across biological barriers. We provide a brief overview of approaches used to engineer key physicochemical properties of drug carriers, such as morphology, surface chemistry, and topography, as well as the development of dynamic responsive materials for barrier navigation. We then discuss essential biological barriers and how biointerface engineering can enable drug carriers to better navigate and overcome these barriers to drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel A Finbloom
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Flávia Sousa
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Molly M Stevens
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Tejal A Desai
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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5
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Huang X, Shi X, Hansen ME, Setiady I, Nemeth CL, Celli A, Huang B, Mauro T, Koval M, Desai TA. Nanotopography Enhances Dynamic Remodeling of Tight Junction Proteins through Cytosolic Liquid Complexes. ACS NANO 2020; 14:13192-13202. [PMID: 32940450 DOI: 10.1101/858118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nanotopographic materials provide special biophysical stimuli that can regulate epithelial tight junctions and their barrier function. Through the use of total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy of live cells, we demonstrated that contact of synthetic surfaces with defined nanotopography at the apical surface of epithelial monolayers increased paracellular permeability of macromolecules. To monitor changes in tight junction morphology in live cells, we fluorescently tagged the scaffold protein zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) through CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing to enable live cell tracking of ZO-1 expressed at physiologic levels. Contact between cells and nanostructured surfaces destabilized junction-associated ZO-1 and promoted its arrangement into highly dynamic liquid cytosolic complexes with a 1-5 μm diameter. Junction-associated ZO-1 rapidly remodeled, and we observed the direct transformation of cytosolic complexes into junction-like structures. Claudin-family tight junction transmembrane proteins and F-actin also were associated with these ZO-1 containing cytosolic complexes. These data suggest that these cytosolic structures are important intermediates formed in response to nanotopographic cues that facilitate rapid tight junction remodeling in order to regulate paracellular permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Huang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Mollie Eva Hansen
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Initha Setiady
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Cameron L Nemeth
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Anna Celli
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Theodora Mauro
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Michael Koval
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Tejal A Desai
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
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6
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Huang X, Shi X, Hansen ME, Setiady I, Nemeth CL, Celli A, Huang B, Mauro T, Koval M, Desai TA. Nanotopography Enhances Dynamic Remodeling of Tight Junction Proteins through Cytosolic Liquid Complexes. ACS NANO 2020; 14:13192-13202. [PMID: 32940450 PMCID: PMC7606830 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c04866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanotopographic materials provide special biophysical stimuli that can regulate epithelial tight junctions and their barrier function. Through the use of total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy of live cells, we demonstrated that contact of synthetic surfaces with defined nanotopography at the apical surface of epithelial monolayers increased paracellular permeability of macromolecules. To monitor changes in tight junction morphology in live cells, we fluorescently tagged the scaffold protein zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) through CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing to enable live cell tracking of ZO-1 expressed at physiologic levels. Contact between cells and nanostructured surfaces destabilized junction-associated ZO-1 and promoted its arrangement into highly dynamic liquid cytosolic complexes with a 1-5 μm diameter. Junction-associated ZO-1 rapidly remodeled, and we observed the direct transformation of cytosolic complexes into junction-like structures. Claudin-family tight junction transmembrane proteins and F-actin also were associated with these ZO-1 containing cytosolic complexes. These data suggest that these cytosolic structures are important intermediates formed in response to nanotopographic cues that facilitate rapid tight junction remodeling in order to regulate paracellular permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Huang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Mollie Eva Hansen
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Initha Setiady
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Cameron L Nemeth
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Anna Celli
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Theodora Mauro
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Michael Koval
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Tejal A Desai
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
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7
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Lynn KS, Peterson RJ, Koval M. Ruffles and spikes: Control of tight junction morphology and permeability by claudins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183339. [PMID: 32389670 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial barrier function is regulated by a family of transmembrane proteins known as claudins. Functional tight junctions are formed when claudins interact with other transmembrane proteins, cytosolic scaffold proteins and the actin cytoskeleton. The predominant scaffold protein, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), directly binds to most claudin C-terminal domains, crosslinking them to the actin cytoskeleton. When imaged by immunofluorescence microscopy, tight junctions most frequently are linear structures that form between tricellular junctions. However, tight junctions also adapt non-linear architectures exhibiting either a ruffled or spiked morphology, which both are responses to changes in claudin engagement of actin filaments. Other terms for ruffled tight junctions include wavy, tortuous, undulating, serpentine or zig-zag junctions. Ruffling is under the control of hypoxia induced factor (HIF) and integrin-mediated signaling, as well as direct mechanical stimulation. Tight junction ruffling is specifically enhanced by claudin-2, antagonized by claudin-1 and requires claudin binding to ZO-1. Tight junction spikes are sites of active vesicle budding and fusion that appear as perpendicular projections oriented towards the nucleus. Spikes share molecular features with focal adherens junctions and tubulobulbar complexes found in Sertoli cells. Lung epithelial cells under stress form spikes due to an increase in claudin-5 expression that directly disrupts claudin-18/ZO-1 interactions. Together this suggests that claudins are not simply passive cargoes controlled by scaffold proteins. We propose a model where claudins specifically influence tight junction scaffold proteins to control interactions with the cytoskeleton as a mechanism that regulates tight junction assembly and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sabrina Lynn
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Raven J Peterson
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Michael Koval
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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8
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Chang YN, Liang Y, Xia S, Bai X, Zhang J, Kong J, Chen K, Li J, Xing G. The High Permeability of Nanocarriers Crossing the Enterocyte Layer by Regulation of the Surface Zonal Pattern. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040919. [PMID: 32092877 PMCID: PMC7070455 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium is a major barrier that limits the absorption of oral drugs. The integrity of the epithelial tissue is a very important factor for preventing intestinal diseases. However, destabilization of the epithelium can promote the transportation of nanocarriers and increase the absorption of oral drugs. In our research, three different gold nanoparticles (GNPs) of the same size but with differing negative surface charge were designed and constructed as a model to determine the surface properties crucial for promoting absorptivity and bioavailability of the nanocarriers. The higher the ratio of surface carboxyl groups on GNPs, the higher capacity to induce transepithelial electrical resistance change and cell monolayer tight junction opening with higher permeability. The half carboxyl and half methyl surfaced GNPs displayed unique zonal surface patterns exhibited the greater ability to pass through intestinal epithelial cell layer but had a relatively small influence on tight junction distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Chang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; (Y.-N.C.); (Y.L.); (S.X.); (X.B.); (J.Z.); (J.K.); (K.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Yuelan Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; (Y.-N.C.); (Y.L.); (S.X.); (X.B.); (J.Z.); (J.K.); (K.C.); (J.L.)
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Shibo Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; (Y.-N.C.); (Y.L.); (S.X.); (X.B.); (J.Z.); (J.K.); (K.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Xue Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; (Y.-N.C.); (Y.L.); (S.X.); (X.B.); (J.Z.); (J.K.); (K.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; (Y.-N.C.); (Y.L.); (S.X.); (X.B.); (J.Z.); (J.K.); (K.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Jianglong Kong
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; (Y.-N.C.); (Y.L.); (S.X.); (X.B.); (J.Z.); (J.K.); (K.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Kui Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; (Y.-N.C.); (Y.L.); (S.X.); (X.B.); (J.Z.); (J.K.); (K.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Juan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; (Y.-N.C.); (Y.L.); (S.X.); (X.B.); (J.Z.); (J.K.); (K.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Gengmei Xing
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; (Y.-N.C.); (Y.L.); (S.X.); (X.B.); (J.Z.); (J.K.); (K.C.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-88235738
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9
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Micro and nanoscale technologies in oral drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 157:37-62. [PMID: 32707147 PMCID: PMC7374157 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Oral administration is a pillar of the pharmaceutical industry and yet it remains challenging to administer hydrophilic therapeutics by the oral route. Smart and controlled oral drug delivery could bypass the physiological barriers that limit the oral delivery of these therapeutics. Micro- and nanoscale technologies, with an unprecedented ability to create, control, and measure micro- or nanoenvironments, have found tremendous applications in biology and medicine. In particular, significant advances have been made in using these technologies for oral drug delivery. In this review, we briefly describe biological barriers to oral drug delivery and micro and nanoscale fabrication technologies. Micro and nanoscale drug carriers fabricated using these technologies, including bioadhesives, microparticles, micropatches, and nanoparticles, are described. Other applications of micro and nanoscale technologies are discussed, including fabrication of devices and tissue engineering models to precisely control or assess oral drug delivery in vivo and in vitro, respectively. Strategies to advance translation of micro and nanotechnologies into clinical trials for oral drug delivery are mentioned. Finally, challenges and future prospects on further integration of micro and nanoscale technologies with oral drug delivery systems are highlighted.
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10
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Lamson NG, Berger A, Fein KC, Whitehead KA. Anionic nanoparticles enable the oral delivery of proteins by enhancing intestinal permeability. Nat Biomed Eng 2020; 4:84-96. [PMID: 31686002 PMCID: PMC7461704 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-019-0465-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The oral delivery of bioactive peptides and proteins is prevented by the intestinal epithelial barrier, in which intercellular tight junction complexes block the uptake of macromolecules. Here we show that anionic nanoparticles induce tight junction relaxation, increasing intestinal permeability and enabling the oral delivery of proteins. This permeation-enhancing effect is a function of nanoparticle size and charge, with smaller (≤ 200 nm) and more negative particles (such as silica) conferring enhanced permeability. In healthy mice, silica nanoparticles enabled the oral delivery of insulin and exenatide, with 10 U kg-1 orally delivered insulin sustaining hypoglycaemia for a few hours longer than a 1 U kg-1 dose of subcutaneously injected insulin. In healthy, hyperglycaemic and diabetic mice, the oral delivery of 10 U kg-1 insulin led to a dose-adjusted bioactivity of, respectively, 35%, 29% and 23% that of the subcutaneous injection of 1 U kg-1 insulin. The permeation-enhancing effect of the nanoparticles was reversible, non-toxic, and attributable to the binding to integrins on the surface of epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G Lamson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Adrian Berger
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Katherine C Fein
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kathryn A Whitehead
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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11
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Levy ES, Samy KE, Lamson NG, Whitehead KA, Kroetz DL, Desai TA. Reversible inhibition of efflux transporters by hydrogel microdevices. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 145:76-84. [PMID: 31639417 PMCID: PMC6919324 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Oral drug delivery is a preferred administration route due to its low cost, high patient compliance and fewer adverse events compared to intravenous administration. However, many pharmaceuticals suffer from poor solubility and low oral bioavailability. One major factor that contributes to low bioavailability are efflux transporters which prevent drug absorption through intestinal epithelial cells. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP) are two important efflux transporters in the intestine functioning to prevent toxic materials from entering systemic circulation. However, due to its broad substrate specificity, P-gp limits the absorption of many therapeutics, including chemotherapeutics and antibacterial agents. Methods to inhibit P-gp with competitive inhibitors have not been clinically successful. Here, we show that micron scale devices (microdevices) made from a commonly used biomaterial, polyethylene glycol (PEG), inhibit P-gp through a biosimilar mucus in Caco-2 cells and that transporter function is restored when the microdevices are removed. Microdevices were shown to inhibit P-gp mediated transport of calcein AM, doxorubicin, and rhodamine 123 (R123) and BCRP mediated transport of BODIPY-FL-prazosin. When in contact with Caco-2 cells, microdevices decrease the cell surface amount of P-gp without affecting the passive transport. Moreover, there was an increase in mucosal to serosal transport of R123 with microdevices in an ex-vivo mouse model and increased absorption in vivo. This biomaterial-based approach to inhibit efflux transporters can be applied to a range of drug delivery systems and allows for a nonpharmacologic method to increase intestinal drug absorption while limiting toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Levy
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Karen E Samy
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; UC Berkeley - UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, UCSF Mission Bay Campus, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas G Lamson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kathryn A Whitehead
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Deanna L Kroetz
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Tejal A Desai
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; UC Berkeley - UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, UCSF Mission Bay Campus, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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12
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Thrifty, Rapid Intestinal Monolayers (TRIM) Using Caco-2 Epithelial Cells for Oral Drug Delivery Experiments. Pharm Res 2019; 36:172. [PMID: 31659456 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-019-2712-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Caco-2 monolayers are the most common model of the intestinal epithelium and are critical to the development of oral drug delivery strategies and gastrointestinal disease treatments. However, current monolayer systems are cost- and/or time-intensive, hampering progress. This study evaluates two separate methods to reduce resource input: FB Essence as a fetal bovine serum (FBS) alternative and a new, 3-day Caco-2 system deemed "thrifty, rapid intestinal monolayers" (TRIM). METHODS Caco-2 cells were cultured with FB Essence and compared to cells in 10% FBS for proliferation and monolayer formation. TRIM were compared to commonly-used 21-day and Corning® HTS monolayer systems, as well as mouse intestines, for permeability behavior, epithelial gene expression, and tight junction arrangement. RESULTS No amount of FB Essence maintained Caco-2 cells beyond 10 passages. In contrast, TRIM compared favorably in permeability and gene expression to intestinal tissues. Furthermore, TRIM cost $109 and required 1.3 h of time per 24-well plate, compared to $164 and 3.7 h for 21-day monolayers, and $340 plus 1.0 h for the HTS system. CONCLUSIONS TRIM offer a new approach to generating Caco-2 monolayers that resemble the intestinal epithelium. They are anticipated to accelerate the pace of in vitro intestinal experiments while easing financial burden.
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13
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Samy KE, Levy ES, Phong K, Demaree B, Abate AR, Desai TA. Human intestinal spheroids cultured using Sacrificial Micromolding as a model system for studying drug transport. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9936. [PMID: 31289365 PMCID: PMC6616551 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46408-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro models of the small intestine are crucial tools for the prediction of drug absorption. The Caco-2 monolayer transwell model has been widely employed to assess drug absorption across the intestine. However, it is now well-established that 3D in vitro models capture tissue-specific architecture and interactions with the extracellular matrix and therefore better recapitulate the complex in vivo environment. However, these models need to be characterized for barrier properties and changes in gene expression and transporter function. Here, we report that geometrically controlled self-assembling multicellular intestinal Caco-2 spheroids cultured using Sacrificial Micromolding display reproducible intestinal features and functions that are more representative of the in vivo small intestine than the widely used 2D transwell model. We show that Caco-2 cell maturation and differentiation into the intestinal epithelial phenotype occur faster in spheroids and that they are viable for a longer period of time. Finally, we were able to invert the polarity of the spheroids by culturing them around Matrigel beads allowing superficial access to the apical membrane and making the model more physiological. This robust and reproducible in vitro intestinal model could serve as a valuable system to expedite drug screening as well as to study intestinal transporter function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Samy
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UC Berkeley - UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, UCSF Mission Bay Campus, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Levy
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kiet Phong
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UC Berkeley - UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, UCSF Mission Bay Campus, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Demaree
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- UC Berkeley - UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, UCSF Mission Bay Campus, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Adam R Abate
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tejal A Desai
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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14
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Lee CAA, Seo HS, Armien AG, Bates FS, Tolar J, Azarin SM. Modeling and rescue of defective blood-brain barrier function of induced brain microvascular endothelial cells from childhood cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy patients. Fluids Barriers CNS 2018; 15:9. [PMID: 29615068 PMCID: PMC5883398 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-018-0094-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is caused by mutations in the ABCD1 gene. 40% of X-ALD patients will convert to the deadly childhood cerebral form (ccALD) characterized by increased permeability of the brain endothelium that constitutes the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Mutation information and molecular markers investigated to date are not predictive of conversion. Prior reports have focused on toxic metabolic byproducts and reactive oxygen species as instigators of cerebral inflammation and subsequent immune cell invasion leading to BBB breakdown. This study focuses on the BBB itself and evaluates differences in brain endothelium integrity using cells from ccALD patients and wild-type (WT) controls. Methods The blood–brain barrier of ccALD patients and WT controls was modeled using directed differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into induced brain microvascular endothelial cells (iBMECs). Immunocytochemistry and PCR confirmed characteristic expression of brain microvascular endothelial cell (BMEC) markers. Barrier properties of iBMECs were measured via trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER), sodium fluorescein permeability, and frayed junction analysis. Electron microscopy and RNA-seq were used to further characterize disease-specific differences. Oil-Red-O staining was used to quantify differences in lipid accumulation. To evaluate whether treatment with block copolymers of poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(propylene oxide) (PEO–PPO) could mitigate defective properties, ccALD-iBMECs were treated with PEO–PPO block copolymers and their barrier properties and lipid accumulation levels were quantified. Results iBMECs from patients with ccALD had significantly decreased TEER (2592 ± 110 Ω cm2) compared to WT controls (5001 ± 172 Ω cm2). They also accumulated lipid droplets to a greater extent than WT-iBMECs. Upon treatment with a PEO–PPO diblock copolymer during the differentiation process, an increase in TEER and a reduction in lipid accumulation were observed for the polymer treated ccALD-iBMECs compared to untreated controls. Conclusions The finding that BBB integrity is decreased in ccALD and can be rescued with block copolymers opens the door for the discovery of BBB-specific molecular markers that can indicate the onset of ccALD and has therapeutic implications for preventing the conversion to ccALD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12987-018-0094-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A A Lee
- Department of Genetics and Cell Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Hannah S Seo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Anibal G Armien
- Ultrastructural Pathology Unit, Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Frank S Bates
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Jakub Tolar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - Samira M Azarin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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15
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Progress in topographically defined scaffolds for drug delivery system. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-017-0379-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Stewart T, Koval WT, Molina SA, Bock SM, Lillard JW, Ross RF, Desai TA, Koval M. Calibrated flux measurements reveal a nanostructure-stimulated transcytotic pathway. Exp Cell Res 2017; 355:153-161. [PMID: 28390677 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Transport of therapeutic agents across epithelial barriers is an important element in drug delivery. Transepithelial flux is widely used as a measure of transit across an epithelium, however it is most typically employed as a relative as opposed to absolute measure of molecular movement. Here, we have used the calcium switch approach to measure the maximum rate of paracellular flux through unencumbered intercellular junctions as a method to calibrate the flux rates for a series of tracers ranging in 0.6-900kDa in size across barriers composed of human colon epithelial (Caco-2) cells. We then examined the effects of nanostructured films (NSFs) on transepithelial transport. Two different NSF patterns were used, Defined Nanostructure (DN) 2 imprinted on polypropylene (PP) and DN3 imprinted on polyether ether ketone (PEEK). NSFs made direct contact with cells and decreased their barrier function, as measured by transepithelial resistance (TER), however cell viability was not affected. When NSF-induced transepithelial transport of Fab fragment (55kDa) and IgG (160kDa) was measured, it was unexpectedly found to be significantly greater than the maximum paracellular rate as predicted using cells cultured in low calcium. These data suggested that NSFs stimulate an active transport pathway, most likely transcytosis, in addition to increasing paracellular flux. Transport of IgG via transcytosis was confirmed by immunofluorescence confocal microscopy, since NSFs induced a significant level of IgG endocytosis by Caco-2 cells. Thus, NSF-induced IgG flux was attributable to both transcytosis and the paracellular route. These data provide the first demonstration that transcytosis can be stimulated by NSFs and that this was concurrent with increased paracellular permeability. Moreover, NSFs with distinct architecture paired with specific substrates have the potential to provide an effective means to regulate transepithelial transport in order to optimize drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarianna Stewart
- Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States; Division of Pulmonary Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, United States
| | - William T Koval
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Samuel A Molina
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, United States
| | | | | | | | - Tejal A Desai
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Michael Koval
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, United States; Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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Kumar R, Sinha VR. Lipid Nanocarrier: an Efficient Approach Towards Ocular Delivery of Hydrophilic Drug (Valacyclovir). AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:884-894. [PMID: 27368921 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-016-0575-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This research focuses on the fabrication and evaluation of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) for improved ocular delivery of valacyclovir (VAC). Stearic acid and tristearin were selected as the lipid carrier while Poloxamer 188 and sodium taurocholate were used as surfactant and co-surfactant, respectively. The physiochemical properties of the optimized batch (SLN-6) fulfil the prerequisites needed for an ideal ocular formulation like submicron size (202.5 ± 2.56 nm), narrow PDI (0.252 ± 0.06), high zeta potential (-34.4 ± 3.04 mV) and good entrapment efficiency (58.82 ± 2.45%). The in vitro release study of SLN-6 exhibited a sustained release profile (>60% in 12 h). The ex vivo studies performed on excised cornea exhibited enhanced drug permeation of SLNs (22.17 ± 1.41 μg/cm2 h) in comparison to the drug solution (3.78 ± 1.34 μg/cm2 h). Apart, the corneal hydration studies, histopathology and Hen's Egg Test Chorio Allantoic Membrane (HETCAM) assay, confirmed the non-irritancy of SLNs. The in vivo study confirmed improved ocular bioavailability of VAC from SLN-6 (AUC0-12: 856.47 ± 7.86 μg h/mL) in contrast to the drug solution (AUC0-12: 470.75 ± 8.91 μg h/mL). Hence, the overall studies suggested the potential of SLNs in efficient ocular delivery of a hydrophilic molecule like VAC.
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18
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Nanofabrication Techniques and Their Applications in Drug Delivery. Drug Deliv 2016. [DOI: 10.1201/9781315382579-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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19
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Nanostructured materials for ocular delivery: nanodesign for enhanced bioadhesion, transepithelial permeability and sustained delivery. Ther Deliv 2016; 6:1365-76. [PMID: 26652282 DOI: 10.4155/tde.15.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective drug delivery to the eye is an ongoing challenge due to poor patient compliance coupled with numerous physiological barriers. Eye drops for the front of the eye and ocular injections for the back of the eye are the most prevalent delivery methods, both of which require relatively frequent administration and are burdensome to the patient. Novel drug delivery techniques stand to drastically improve safety, efficacy and patient compliance for ocular therapeutics. Remarkable advances in nanofabrication technologies make the application of nanostructured materials to ocular drug delivery possible. This article focuses on the use of nanostructured materials with nanoporosity or nanotopography for ocular delivery. Specifically, we discuss nanotopography for enhanced bioadhesion and permeation and nanoporous materials for controlled release drug delivery. As examples, application of polymeric nanostructures for greater transepithelial permeability, nanostructured microparticles for enhanced preocular retention time and nanoporous membranes for tuning drug release profile are covered.
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20
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Probing the luminal microenvironment of reconstituted epithelial microtissues. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33148. [PMID: 27619235 PMCID: PMC5020616 DOI: 10.1038/srep33148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymeric microparticles can serve as carriers or sensors to instruct or characterize tissue biology. However, incorporating microparticles into tissues for in vitro assays remains a challenge. We exploit three-dimensional cell-patterning technologies and directed epithelial self-organization to deliver microparticles to the lumen of reconstituted human intestinal microtissues. We also develop a novel pH-sensitive microsensor that can measure the luminal pH of reconstituted epithelial microtissues. These studies offer a novel approach for investigating luminal microenvironments and drug-delivery across epithelial barriers.
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21
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Ita K. Perspectives on Transdermal Electroporation. Pharmaceutics 2016; 8:E9. [PMID: 26999191 PMCID: PMC4810085 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics8010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery offers several advantages, including avoidance of erratic absorption, absence of gastric irritation, painlessness, noninvasiveness, as well as improvement in patient compliance. With this mode of drug administration, there is no pre-systemic metabolism and it is possible to increase drug bioavailability and half-life. However, only a few molecules can be delivered across the skin in therapeutic quantities. This is because of the hindrance provided by the stratum corneum. Several techniques have been developed and used over the last few decades for transdermal drug delivery enhancement. These include sonophoresis, iontophoresis, microneedles, and electroporation. Electroporation, which refers to the temporary perturbation of the skin following the application of high voltage electric pulses, has been used to increase transcutaneous flux values by several research groups. In this review, transdermal electroporation is discussed and the use of the technique for percutaneous transport of low and high molecular weight compounds described. This review also examines our current knowledge regarding the mechanisms of electroporation and safety concerns arising from the use of this transdermal drug delivery technique. Safety considerations are especially important because electroporation utilizes high voltage pulses which may have deleterious effects in some cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Ita
- College of Pharmacy, Touro University, Mare Island-Vallejo, CA 94592, USA.
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22
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Allen J, Ryu J, Maggi A, Flores B, Greer JR, Desai T. Tunable Microfibers Suppress Fibrotic Encapsulation via Inhibition of TGFβ Signaling. Tissue Eng Part A 2015; 22:142-50. [PMID: 26507808 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2015.0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrotic encapsulation limits the efficacy and lifetime of implantable biomedical devices. Microtopography has shown promise in the regulation of myofibroblast differentiation, a key driver of fibrotic encapsulation. However, existing studies have not systematically isolated the requisite geometric parameters for suppression of myofibroblast differentiation via microtopography, and there has not been in vivo validation of this technology to date. To address these issues, a novel lamination method was developed to afford more control over topography dimensions. Specifically, in this study we focus on fiber length and its effect on myofibroblast differentiation. Fibroblasts cultured on films with microfibers exceeding 16 μm in length lost the characteristic morphology associated with myofibroblast differentiation, while shorter microfibers of 6 μm length failed to produce this phenotype. This increase in length corresponded to a 50% decrease in fiber stiffness, which acts as a mechanical cue to influence myofibroblast differentiation. Longer microfiber films suppressed expression of myofibroblast-specific genes (αSMA, Col1α2, and Col3α1) and TGFβ signaling components (TGFβ1, TβR2, and Smad3). About 16 μm long microfiber films subcutaneously implanted in a mouse wound-healing model generated a substantially thinner fibrotic capsule and less deposition of collagen in the wound bed. Together, these results identify a critical feature length threshold for microscale topography-mediated repression of fibrotic encapsulation. This study also demonstrates a simple and powerful strategy to improve surface biocompatibility and reduce fibrotic encapsulation around implanted materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Allen
- 1 UCSF Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, San Francisco , California
| | - Jubin Ryu
- 2 UCSF Department of Dermatology, San Francisco , California
| | - Alessandro Maggi
- 3 California Institute of Technology , Department of Medical Engineering, Pasadena, California
| | - Bianca Flores
- 1 UCSF Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, San Francisco , California
| | - Julia R Greer
- 4 California Institute of Technology, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, Kavli Nanoscience Institute , Pasadena, California
| | - Tejal Desai
- 1 UCSF Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, San Francisco , California
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Abstract
Refinement of micro- and nanofabrication in the semiconductor field has led to innovations in biomedical technologies. Nanotopography, in particular, shows great potential in facilitating drug delivery. The flexibility of fabrication techniques has created a diverse array of topographies that have been developed for drug delivery applications. Nanowires and nanostraws deliver drug cytosolically for in vitro and ex vivo applications. In vivo drug delivery is limited by the barrier function of the epithelium. Nanowires on microspheres increase adhesion and residence time for oral drug delivery, while also increasing permeability of the epithelium. Low aspect ratio nanocolumns increase paracellular permeability, and in conjunction with microneedles increase transdermal drug delivery of biologics in vivo. In summary, nanotopography is a versatile tool for drug delivery. It can deliver directly to cells or be used for in vivo delivery across epithelial barriers. This editorial highlights the application of nanotopography in the field of drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Walsh
- a UC Berkeley & UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, UCSF Mission Bay Campus , San Francisco , CA 94158 , USA
| | - Jessica L Allen
- b Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences , University of California , San Francisco , CA 94158 , USA
| | - Tejal A Desai
- b Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences , University of California , San Francisco , CA 94158 , USA
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Lee K, Lingampalli N, Pisano AP, Murthy N, So H. Physical Delivery of Macromolecules using High-Aspect Ratio Nanostructured Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:23387-97. [PMID: 26479334 PMCID: PMC6070377 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b05520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
There is great need for the development of an efficient delivery method of macromolecules, including nucleic acids, proteins, and peptides, to cell cytoplasm without eliciting toxicity or changing cell behavior. High-aspect ratio nanomaterials have addressed many challenges present in conventional methods, such as cell membrane passage and endosomal degradation, and have shown the feasibility of efficient high-throughput macromolecule delivery with minimal perturbation of cells. This review describes the recent advances of in vitro and in vivo physical macromolecule delivery with high-aspect ratio nanostructured materials and summarizes the synthesis methods, material properties, relevant applications, and various potential directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunwoo Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Center, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Nithya Lingampalli
- Department of Bioengineering, Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Center, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Albert P. Pisano
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Center, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Niren Murthy
- Department of Bioengineering, Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Center, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Hongyun So
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Berkeley Sensor & Actuator Center, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Corresponding Author:
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25
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Fox CB, Kim J, Le LV, Nemeth CL, Chirra HD, Desai TA. Micro/nanofabricated platforms for oral drug delivery. J Control Release 2015; 219:431-444. [PMID: 26244713 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The oral route of drug administration is most preferred due to its ease of use, low cost, and high patient compliance. However, the oral uptake of many small molecule drugs and biotherapeutics is limited by various physiological barriers, and, as a result, drugs suffer from issues with low solubility, low permeability, and degradation following oral administration. The flexibility of micro- and nanofabrication techniques has been used to create drug delivery platforms designed to address these barriers to oral drug uptake. Specifically, micro/nanofabricated devices have been designed with planar, asymmetric geometries to promote device adhesion and unidirectional drug release toward epithelial tissue, thereby prolonging drug exposure and increasing drug permeation. Furthermore, surface functionalization, nanotopography, responsive drug release, motion-based responses, and permeation enhancers have been incorporated into such platforms to further enhance drug uptake. This review will outline the application of micro/nanotechnology to specifically address the physiological barriers to oral drug delivery and highlight technologies that may be incorporated into these oral drug delivery systems to further enhance drug uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cade B Fox
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jean Kim
- UC Berkeley & UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, UCSF Mission Bay Campus, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Long V Le
- UC Berkeley & UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, UCSF Mission Bay Campus, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Cameron L Nemeth
- UC Berkeley & UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, UCSF Mission Bay Campus, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Hariharasudhan D Chirra
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Tejal A Desai
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; UC Berkeley & UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, UCSF Mission Bay Campus, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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26
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Fox CB, Chirra HD, Desai TA. Planar bioadhesive microdevices: a new technology for oral drug delivery. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2015; 15:673-83. [PMID: 25219863 DOI: 10.2174/1389201015666140915152706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The oral route is the most convenient and least expensive route of drug administration. Yet, it is accompanied by many physiological barriers to drug uptake including low stomach pH, intestinal enzymes and transporters, mucosal barriers, and high intestinal fluid shear. While many drug delivery systems have been developed for oral drug administration, the physiological components of the gastro intestinal tract remain formidable barriers to drug uptake. Recently, microfabrication techniques have been applied to create micron-scale devices for oral drug delivery with a high degree of control over microdevice size, shape, chemical composition, drug release profile, and targeting ability. With precise control over device properties, microdevices can be fabricated with characteristics that provide increased adhesion for prolonged drug exposure, unidirectional release which serves to avoid luminal drug loss and enhance drug permeation, and protection of a drug payload from the harsh environment of the intestinal tract. Here we review the recent developments in microdevice technology and discuss the potential of these devices to overcome unsolved challenges in oral drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tejal A Desai
- 1700 4th Street, Byers Hall 204, Box 2520, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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27
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How perifosine affects liposome-encapsulated drug delivery across a cell barrier. Ther Deliv 2015; 6:423-41. [PMID: 25996042 DOI: 10.4155/tde.14.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of efficient drug delivery systems to transport therapeutics across barrier-forming cells remains a challenge. Recently it was shown that liposomes containing perifosine, a synthetic analog of lysophosphatidylcholine, efficiently deliver liposome encapsulated content across barrier-forming cells. METHODS To elucidate the mechanism of the delivery, fluorescent and spin labeled analog of perifosine were synthesized and their transport from liposomes to the barrier-forming MDKC cells was measured. RESULTS & CONCLUSION Perifosine analogs are rapidly transported from liposomes into cell membranes. The total amount of perifosine accumulated in plasma membranes seems to be the most important factor in efficient transepithelial transport of liposome-encapsulated substances. Lysolipid-containing liposomal formulations seem to be promising candidates as drug delivery systems in general.
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Walsh L, Ryu J, Bock S, Koval M, Mauro T, Ross R, Desai T. Nanotopography facilitates in vivo transdermal delivery of high molecular weight therapeutics through an integrin-dependent mechanism. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:2434-41. [PMID: 25790174 PMCID: PMC4478088 DOI: 10.1021/nl504829f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Transdermal delivery of therapeutics is restricted by narrow limitations on size and hydrophobicity. Nanotopography has been shown to significantly enhance high molecular weight paracellular transport in vitro. Herein, we demonstrate for the first time that nanotopography applied to microneedles significantly enhances transdermal delivery of etanercept, a 150 kD therapeutic, in both rats and rabbits. We further show that this effect is mediated by remodeling of the tight junction proteins initiated via integrin binding to the nanotopography, followed by phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC) and activation of the actomyosin complex, which in turn increase paracellular permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Walsh
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California-San Francisco, 1700 Fourth Street, Room 204, San Francisco, California 94158-2330, United States
| | - Jubin Ryu
- Department of Dermatology, University of California-San Francisco, 1701 Divisadero Street, San Francisco, California 94115, United States
| | - Suzanne Bock
- Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Michael Koval
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Suite 205, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Theodora Mauro
- Department of Dermatology, University of California-San Francisco, 1701 Divisadero Street, San Francisco, California 94115, United States
- Department of Dermatology, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Hospital, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, California 94121, United States
| | - Russell Ross
- Kimberly-Clark Corporation, 8601 Dunwoody Place, Suite 580, Atlanta, Georgia 30350, United States
| | - Tejal Desai
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California-San Francisco, 1700 Fourth Street, Room 204, San Francisco, California 94158-2330, United States
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Liu W, Su P, Chen S, Wang N, Wang J, Liu Y, Ma Y, Li H, Zhang Z, Webster TJ. Antibacterial and osteogenic stem cell differentiation properties of photoinduced TiO2 nanoparticle-decorated TiO2 nanotubes. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:713-23. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Future Science Group's Policy on retractions ( www.futuremedicine.com/authorguide/editorialpolicies ). The following article has been retracted from Nanomedicine at the request of the authors and the editors: Liu W, Su P, Chen S, Wang N, Wang J, Liu Y, Ma Y, Li H, Zhang Z, Webster TJ. Antibacterial and osteogenic stem cell differentiation properties of photoinduced TiO2 nanoparticle-decorated TiO2 nanotubes. Nanomedicine (Lond.) 10(5), 713–723 (2015). The authors previously highlighted an issue relating to Figure 6 (Fluorescence images showing the viability of the Streptococcus mutans on samples) in this paper and a corrigendum was published to remove it. It was determined that the conclusions of the study were still valid without this figure. However, it has since been identified that parts of the figure in question contained manipulated images. The authors have reconsidered the completeness of the paper and have decided to retract it. The authors and editors of Nanomedicine regret any negative consequences this publication might have caused in the scientific and medical communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Liu
- Laboratory of Biomaterials & Biomechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration & Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Tian Tan Xi Li No. 4, Beijing 100050, China
- Photoelectrochemical Research Group, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Penglei Su
- Photoelectrochemical Research Group, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Su Chen
- Laboratory of Biomaterials & Biomechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration & Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Tian Tan Xi Li No. 4, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Na Wang
- Laboratory of Biomaterials & Biomechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration & Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Tian Tan Xi Li No. 4, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jinshu Wang
- Photoelectrochemical Research Group, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yiran Liu
- Laboratory of Biomaterials & Biomechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration & Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Tian Tan Xi Li No. 4, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yuanping Ma
- Laboratory of Biomaterials & Biomechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration & Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Tian Tan Xi Li No. 4, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hongyi Li
- Photoelectrochemical Research Group, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Zhenting Zhang
- Laboratory of Biomaterials & Biomechanics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration & Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Tian Tan Xi Li No. 4, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Cerchiari A, Garbe JC, Todhunter ME, Jee NY, Pinney JR, LaBarge MA, Desai TA, Gartner ZJ. Formation of spatially and geometrically controlled three-dimensional tissues in soft gels by sacrificial micromolding. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2014; 21:541-7. [PMID: 25351430 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2014.0450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Patterned three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models aim to more accurately represent the in vivo architecture of a tissue for the purposes of testing drugs, studying multicellular biology, or engineering functional tissues. However, patterning 3D multicellular structures within very soft hydrogels (<500 Pa) that mimic the physicochemical environment of many tissues remains a challenge for existing methods. To overcome this challenge, we use a Sacrificial Micromolding technique to temporarily form spatially and geometrically defined 3D cell aggregates in degradable scaffolds before transferring and culturing them in a reconstituted extracellular matrix. Herein, we demonstrate that Sacrificial Micromolding (1) promotes cyst formation and proper polarization of established epithelial cell lines, (2) allows reconstitution of heterotypic cell-cell interactions in multicomponent epithelia, and (3) can be used to control the lumenization-state of epithelial cysts as a function of tissue size. In addition, we discuss the potential of Sacrificial Micromolding as a cell-patterning tool for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec Cerchiari
- 1UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California.,6Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - James C Garbe
- 2Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California
| | - Michael E Todhunter
- 3TETRAD Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,4Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Noel Y Jee
- 4Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,5Chemistry and Chemical Biology Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - James R Pinney
- 1UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California.,6Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Tejal A Desai
- 1UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California.,5Chemistry and Chemical Biology Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,6Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Zev J Gartner
- 1UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California.,3TETRAD Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,4Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,7University of California San Francisco Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, San Francisco, California
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Tavazzi S, Ferraro L, Cozza F, Pastori V, Lecchi M, Farris S, Borghesi A. Hydrogen peroxide mechanosynthesis in siloxane-hydrogel contact lenses. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:19606-19612. [PMID: 25356999 DOI: 10.1021/am503940p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Drug-loaded contact lenses are emerging as the preferred treatment method for several ocular diseases, and efforts are being directed to promote extended and controlled delivery. One strategy is based on delivery induced by environmental triggers. One of these triggers can be hydrogen peroxide, since many platforms based on drug-loaded nanoparticles were demonstrated to be hydrogen-peroxide responsive. This is particularly interesting when hydrogen peroxide is the result of a specific pathophysiological condition. Otherwise, an alternative route to induce drug delivery is here proposed, namely the mechano-synthesis. The present work represents the proof-of-concept of the mechanosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide in siloxane-hydrogel contact lenses as a consequence of the cleavage of siloxane bonds at the interface between the polymer and water in aqueous phase. Their spongy morphology makes contact lenses promising systems for mechanical-to-chemical energy conversion, since the amount of hydrogen peroxide is expected to scale with the interfacial area between the polymer and water. The eyelid pressure during wear is sufficient to induce the hydrogen peroxide synthesis with concentrations which are biocompatible and suitable to trigger the drug release through hydrogen-peroxide-responsive platforms. For possible delivery on demand, the integration of piezoelectric polymers in the siloxane-hydrogel contact lenses could be designed, whose mechanical deformation could be induced by an applied wireless-controlled voltage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Tavazzi
- Materials Science Department, University of Milano Bicocca , Via Cozzi 55, I-20125 Milan, Italy
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Wade JS, Desai TA. Planar microdevices enhance transport of large molecular weight molecules across retinal pigment epithelial cells. Biomed Microdevices 2014; 16:629-38. [PMID: 24789225 PMCID: PMC4082762 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-014-9865-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Large molecular weight drug delivery to the posterior eye is challenging due to cellular barriers that hinder drug transport. Understanding how to enhance transport across the retinal barrier is important for the design of new drug delivery systems. A novel mechanism to enhance drug transport is the use of geometric properties, which has not been extensively explored in the retina. Planar SU-8/Poly(ethyleneglycol)dimethacrylate microdevices were constructed using photolithography to deliver FITC dextran across an in vitro retinal model. The model consists of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells grown to confluence on transwell inserts, which provides an environment to investigate the influence of geometry on paracellular and transcellular delivery of encapsulated large molecules. Planar microdevices enhanced transport of large molecular weight dextrans across different models of RPE in a size dependent fashion. Increased drug permeation across the RPE was observed with the addition of microdevices as compared to a traditional bolus of FITC dextran. This phenomena was initiated by a non-toxic interaction between the microdevices and the retinal tight junction proteins. Suggesting that increased drug transport occurs via a paracellular pathway. These experiments provide evidence to support the future use of planar unidirectional microdevices for delivery of biologics in ocular applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S. Wade
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Tejal A. Desai
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
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Kim HJ, Zhang K, Moore L, Ho D. Diamond nanogel-embedded contact lenses mediate lysozyme-dependent therapeutic release. ACS NANO 2014; 8:2998-3005. [PMID: 24506583 PMCID: PMC4004290 DOI: 10.1021/nn5002968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Temporarily implanted devices, such as drug-loaded contact lenses, are emerging as the preferred treatment method for ocular diseases like glaucoma. Localizing the delivery of glaucoma drugs, such as timolol maleate (TM), can minimize adverse effects caused by systemic administration. Although eye drops and drug-soaked lenses allow for local treatment, their utility is limited by burst release and a lack of sustained therapeutic delivery. Additionally, wet transportation and storage of drug-soaked lenses result in drug loss due to elution from the lenses. Here we present a nanodiamond (ND)-embedded contact lens capable of lysozyme-triggered release of TM for sustained therapy. We find that ND-embedded lenses composed of enzyme-cleavable polymers allow for controlled and sustained release of TM in the presence of lysozyme. Retention of drug activity is verified in primary human trabecular meshwork cells. These results demonstrate the translational potential of an ND-embedded lens capable of drug sequestration and enzyme activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Joong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Kangyi Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Laura Moore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Dean Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Institute for Biotechnology in Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
- Address correspondence to
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Fujie T, Mori Y, Ito S, Nishizawa M, Bae H, Nagai N, Onami H, Abe T, Khademhosseini A, Kaji H. Micropatterned polymeric nanosheets for local delivery of an engineered epithelial monolayer. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:1699-1705. [PMID: 24307219 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201304183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Like a carpet for cells, micropatterned polymeric nanosheets are developed toward local cell delivery. The nanosheets direct morphogenesis of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and allow for the injection of an engineered RPE monolayer through syringe needles without the loss of cell viability. Such an ultrathin carrier has the promise of a minimally invasive delivery of cells into narrow tissue spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinori Fujie
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan; Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, TWIns, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan
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35
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Nanotopography-mediated reverse uptake for siRNA delivery into neural stem cells to enhance neuronal differentiation. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1553. [PMID: 23531983 PMCID: PMC3609021 DOI: 10.1038/srep01553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) for controlling gene expression levels using siRNA or miRNA is emerging as an important tool in stem cell biology. However, the conventional methods used to deliver siRNA into stem cells result in significant cytotoxicity and undesirable side-effects. To this end, we have developed a nanotopography-mediated reverse uptake (NanoRU) delivery platform to demonstrate a simple and efficient technique for delivering siRNA into neural stem cells (NSCs). NanoRU consists of a self-assembled silica nanoparticle monolayer coated with extracellular matrix proteins and the desired siRNA. We use this technique to efficiently deliver siRNA against the transcription factor SOX9, which acts as a switch between neuronal and glial fate of NSCs. The knockdown of SOX9 enhanced the neuronal differentiation and decreased the glial differentiation of the NSCs. Our NanoRU platform demonstrates a novel application and the importance of nanotopography-mediated siRNA delivery into stem cells as an effective method for genetic manipulation.
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36
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Kam KR, Desai TA. Nano- and microfabrication for overcoming drug delivery challenges. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:1878-1884. [PMID: 23730504 DOI: 10.1039/c3tb00048f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This highlight article describes current nano- and microfabrication techniques for creating drug delivery devices. We first review the main physiological barriers to delivering therapeutic agents. Then, we describe how novel fabrication methods can be utilized to combine many features into a single physiologically relevant device to overcome drug delivery challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly R Kam
- UC Berkeley and UCSF Joint Graduate Group in Bioengineering, USA
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