1
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Basu S, Hendler-Neumark A, Bisker G. Rationally Designed Functionalization of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Real-Time Monitoring of Cholinesterase Activity and Inhibition in Plasma. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309481. [PMID: 38358018 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Enzymes play a pivotal role in regulating numerous bodily functions. Thus, there is a growing need for developing sensors enabling real-time monitoring of enzymatic activity and inhibition. The activity and inhibition of cholinesterase (CHE) enzymes in blood plasma are fluorometrically monitored using near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as probes, strategically functionalized with myristoylcholine (MC)- the substrate of CHE. A significant decrease in the fluorescence intensity of MC-suspended SWCNTs upon interaction with CHE is observed, attributed to the hydrolysis of the MC corona phase of the SWCNTs by CHE. Complementary measurements for quantifying choline, the product of MC hydrolysis, reveal a correlation between the fluorescence intensity decrease and the amount of released choline, rendering the SWCNTs optical sensors with real-time feedback in the NIR biologically transparent spectral range. Moreover, when synthetic and naturally abundant inhibitors inhibit the CHE enzymes present in blood plasma, no significant modulations of the MC-SWCNT fluorescence are observed, allowing effective detection of CHE inhibition. The rationally designed SWCNT sensors platform for monitoring of enzymatic activity and inhibition in clinically relevant samples is envisioned to not only advance the field of clinical diagnostics but also deepen further understanding of enzyme-related processes in complex biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srestha Basu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Adi Hendler-Neumark
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Gili Bisker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
- Center for Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
- Center for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
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2
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Acosta-Ramirez I, Conover C, Larsen J, Plange PNA, Kilic U, Muller B, Iverson NM. Development of sterile platform for quantification of extracellular analytes via single walled carbon nanotubes. Anal Biochem 2024; 693:115582. [PMID: 38825160 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2024.115582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Progress has been made studying cell-cell signaling communication processes. However, due to limitations of current sensors on time and spatial resolution, the role of many extracellular analytes is still unknown. A single walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) platform was previously developed based on the avidin-biotin immobilization of SWNT to a glass substrate. The SWNT platform provides real time feedback about analyte concentration and has a high concentration of evenly distributed sensors, both of which are essential for the study of extracellular analytes. Unfortunately, this initial SWNT platform is synthesized through unsterile conditions and cannot be sterilized post-production due to the delicate nature of the sensors, making it unsuitable for in vitro work. Herein the multiple-step process for SWNT immobilization is modified and the platform's biocompatibility is assessed in terms of sterility, cytotoxicity, cell proliferation, and cell morphology through comparison with non-sensors controls. The results demonstrate the SWNT platform's sterility and lack of toxicity over 72 h. The proliferation rate and morphology profiles for cells growing on the SWNT platform are similar to those grown on tissue culture substrates. This novel nano-sensor platform preserves cell health and cell functionality over time, offering opportunities to study extracellular analytes gradients in cellular communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivon Acosta-Ramirez
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 4240 Fair St, Lincoln NE, 68504, United States.
| | - Carley Conover
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 4240 Fair St, Lincoln NE, 68504, United States.
| | - Jacob Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 639 N 12th Street, Lincoln NE, 68508, United States.
| | - Portia N A Plange
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 4240 Fair St, Lincoln NE, 68504, United States.
| | - Ufuk Kilic
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 900 N 16th St, Lincoln NE, 68508, United States.
| | - Becca Muller
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 4240 Fair St, Lincoln NE, 68504, United States
| | - Nicole M Iverson
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 4240 Fair St, Lincoln NE, 68504, United States.
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3
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Basu S, Hendler-Neumark A, Bisker G. Monitoring Enzyme Activity Using Near-Infrared Fluorescent Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. ACS Sens 2024; 9:2237-2253. [PMID: 38669585 PMCID: PMC11129355 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Enzymes serve as pivotal biological catalysts that accelerate essential chemical reactions, thereby influencing a variety of physiological processes. Consequently, the monitoring of enzyme activity and inhibition not only yields crucial insights into health and disease conditions but also forms the basis of research in drug discovery, toxicology, and the understanding of disease mechanisms. In this context, near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have emerged as effective tools for tracking enzyme activity and inhibition through diverse strategies. This perspective explores the physicochemical attributes of SWCNTs that render them well-suited for such monitoring. Additionally, we delve into the various strategies developed so far for successfully monitoring enzyme activity and inhibition, emphasizing the distinctive features of each principle. Furthermore, we contrast the benefits of SWCNT-based NIR probes with conventional gold standards in monitoring enzyme activity. Lastly, we highlight the current challenges faced in this field and suggest potential solutions to propel it forward. This perspective aims to contribute to the ongoing progress in biodiagnostics and seeks to engage the wider community in developing and applying enzymatic assays using SWCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srestha Basu
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Adi Hendler-Neumark
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Gili Bisker
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Center
for Physics and Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Center
for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel
Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Center
for Light-Matter Interaction, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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4
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Metternich JT, Hill B, Wartmann JAC, Ma C, Kruskop RM, Neutsch K, Herbertz S, Kruss S. Signal Amplification and Near-Infrared Translation of Enzymatic Reactions by Nanosensors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316965. [PMID: 38100133 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Enzymatic reactions are used to detect analytes in a range of biochemical methods. To measure the presence of an analyte, the enzyme is conjugated to a recognition unit and converts a substrate into a (colored) product that is detectable by visible (VIS) light. Thus, the lowest enzymatic turnover that can be detected sets a limit on sensitivity. Here, we report that substrates and products of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and β-galactosidase change the near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence of (bio)polymer modified single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). They translate a VIS signal into a beneficial NIR signal. Moreover, the affinity of the nanosensors leads to a higher effective local concentration of the reactants. This causes a non-linear sensor-based signal amplification and translation (SENSAT). We find signal enhancement up to ≈120x for the HRP substrate p-phenylenediamine (PPD), which means that reactions below the limit of detection in the VIS can be followed in the NIR (≈1000 nm). The approach is also applicable to other substrates such as 3,3'-5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). An adsorption-based theoretical model fits the observed signals and corroborates the sensor-based enhancement mechanism. This approach can be used to amplify signals, translate them into the NIR and increase sensitivity of biochemical assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justus T Metternich
- Department of Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
- Biomedical Nanosensors, Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, Finkenstrasse 61, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Björn Hill
- Department of Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Janus A C Wartmann
- Department of Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Chen Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Rebecca M Kruskop
- Biomedical Nanosensors, Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, Finkenstrasse 61, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Krisztian Neutsch
- Department of Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Svenja Herbertz
- Biomedical Nanosensors, Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, Finkenstrasse 61, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kruss
- Department of Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
- Biomedical Nanosensors, Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, Finkenstrasse 61, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
- Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), Carl-Benz-Strasse 199, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
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5
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Song Y, Tian C, Lee Y, Yoon M, Yoon SE, Cho SY. Nanosensor Chemical Cytometry: Advances and Opportunities in Cellular Therapy and Precision Medicine. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2023; 3:393-403. [PMID: 38145025 PMCID: PMC10740128 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.3c00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
With the definition of therapeutics now encompassing transplanted or engineered cells and their molecular products, there is a growing scientific necessity for analytics to understand this new category of drugs. This Perspective highlights the recent development of new measurement science on label-free single cell analysis, nanosensor chemical cytometry (NCC), and their potential for cellular therapeutics and precision medicine. NCC is based on microfluidics integrated with fluorescent nanosensor arrays utilizing the optical lensing effect of a single cell to real-time extract molecular properties and correlate them with physical attributes of single cells. This new class of cytometry can quantify the heterogeneity of the multivariate physicochemical attributes of the cell populations in a completely label-free and nondestructive way and, thus, suggest the vein-to-vein conditions for the safe therapeutic applications. After the introduction of the NCC technology, we suggest the technological development roadmap for the maturation of the new field: from the sensor/chip design perspective to the system/software development level based on hardware automation and deep learning data analytics. The advancement of this new single cell sensing technology is anticipated to aid rich and multivariate single cell data setting and support safe and reliable cellular therapeutics. This new measurement science can lead to data-driven personalized precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngho Song
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Changyu Tian
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yullim Lee
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Minyeong Yoon
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Eun Yoon
- Division
of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Yeon Cho
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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6
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Gong X, Kwak SY, Cho SY, Lundberg D, Liu AT, McGee MK, Strano MS. Single-Molecule Methane Sensing Using Palladium-Functionalized nIR Fluorescent Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. ACS Sens 2023; 8:4207-4215. [PMID: 37874627 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
There has been considerable interest in detecting atmospheric and process-associated methane (CH4) at low concentrations due to its potency as a greenhouse gas. Nanosensor technology, particularly fluorescent single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) arrays, is promising for such applications because of their chemical sensitivities at single-molecule detection limits. However, the methodologies for connecting the stochastic molecular fluctuations from gas impingement on such sensors require further development. In this work, we synthesize Pd-conjugated ss(GT)15-DNA-wrapped SWCNTas near-infrared (nIR) fluorescent, single-molecule sensors of CH4. The complexes are characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and spectrophotometry, demonstrating spectral changes between the Pd2+ and Pd0 oxidation states. The nIR fluctuations generated upon exposure from 8 to 26 ppb of CH4 were separated into high- and low-frequency components. Aggregating the low-frequency components for an array of sensors showed the most consistent levels of detection with a limit of 0.7 ppb. These results advance the hardware and computational methods necessary to apply this approach to the challenge of environmental methane sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Gong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Seon-Yeong Kwak
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Yeon Cho
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel Lundberg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Albert Tianxiang Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Melissa Keiko McGee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michael S Strano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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7
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Bayat R, Bekmezci M, Akin M, Isik I, Sen F. Nitric Oxide Detection Using a Corona Phase Molecular Recognition Site on Chiral Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:4828-4835. [PMID: 37830479 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWCNT) are structures that fluoresce in the near-infrared region. By coating SWCNT surfaces with polymeric materials such as single-chain DNA, changes in fluorescence emission occur in the presence of reagents. In this way, polymer-coated SWCNT structures allow them to be used as optical sensors for single molecule detection. Especially today, the inadequacy of the methods used in the detection of cellular molecules makes the early diagnosis of diseases such as cancer difficult at the single-molecule level. In this study, the detection of nitric oxide (NO) signals, which are a marker of cancer, was carried out at the single-molecule level. In this context, a sensor structure was formed by coating the 7,6-chiral s-SWCNT surface with ssDNA with different oligonucleotide lengths (AT). The sensor structure was characterized by using UV-vis spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy microscopy. After formation of the sensor structure, a selectivity library was created using various molecules. As a result of the coating of the SWCNT (7,6) surface with DNA corona phase formation, Raman peaks at 195 and 276 cm-1 were observed to shift to the right. Additionally, the selectivity library results showed that the (AT)30 sequence can be used in NO detection. As a result of the studies using SWCNT (7.6)- (AT)30, the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of determination (LOQ) values of the sensor against NO were found to be 1.24 and 4.13 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramazan Bayat
- Sen Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Dumlupinar University, 43000 Kutahya, Türkiye
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Dumlupinar University, Kutahya 43000, Türkiye
| | - Muhammed Bekmezci
- Sen Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Dumlupinar University, 43000 Kutahya, Türkiye
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Dumlupinar University, Kutahya 43000, Türkiye
| | - Merve Akin
- Sen Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Dumlupinar University, 43000 Kutahya, Türkiye
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Dumlupinar University, Kutahya 43000, Türkiye
| | - Iskender Isik
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Dumlupinar University, Kutahya 43000, Türkiye
| | - Fatih Sen
- Sen Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Dumlupinar University, 43000 Kutahya, Türkiye
- SRG Incorporated Company, Kutahya Design Technopole, Calca OSB Neighbourhood, 431000 Kütahya, Türkiye
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8
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Dugbartey GJ. Nitric oxide in kidney transplantation. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115530. [PMID: 37722191 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients with kidney failure. Compared to dialysis therapy, it provides better quality of life and confers significant survival advantage at a relatively lower cost. However, the long-term success of this life-saving intervention is severely hampered by an inexorable clinical problem referred to as ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), and increases the incidence of post-transplant complications including loss of renal graft function and death of transplant recipients. Burgeoning evidence shows that nitric oxide (NO), a poisonous gas at high concentrations, and with a historic negative public image as an environmental pollutant, has emerged as a potential candidate that holds clinical promise in mitigating IRI and preventing acute and chronic graft rejection when it is added to kidney preservation solutions at low concentrations or when administered to the kidney donor prior to kidney procurement and to the recipient or to the reperfusion circuit at the start and during reperfusion after renal graft preservation. Interestingly, dysregulated or abnormal endogenous production and metabolism of NO is associated with IRI in kidney transplantation. From experimental and clinical perspectives, this review presents endogenous enzymatic production of NO as well as its exogenous sources, and then discusses protective effects of constitutive nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-derived NO against IRI in kidney transplantation via several signaling pathways. The review also highlights a few isolated studies of renal graft protection by NO produced by inducible NOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- George J Dugbartey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana; Accra College of Medicine, Magnolia St, JVX5+FX9, East Legon, Accra, Ghana.
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9
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Gong X, Cho SY, Kuo S, Ogunlade B, Tso K, Salem DP, Strano MS. Divalent Metal Cation Optical Sensing Using Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Corona Phase Molecular Recognition. Anal Chem 2022; 94:16393-16401. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xun Gong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Soo-Yeon Cho
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sydney Kuo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Babatunde Ogunlade
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kathryn Tso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Daniel P. Salem
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michael S. Strano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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10
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Hassan S, Schreib CC, Zhao X, Duret G, Roman DS, Nair V, Cohen-Karni T, Veiseh O, Robinson JT. Real-Time In Vivo Sensing of Nitric Oxide Using Photonic Microring Resonators. ACS Sens 2022; 7:2253-2261. [PMID: 35938877 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Real-time in vivo detection of biomarkers, particularly nitric oxide (NO), is of utmost importance for critical healthcare monitoring, therapeutic dosing, and fundamental understanding of NO's role in regulating many physiological processes. However, detection of NO in a biological medium is challenging due to its short lifetime and low concentration. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that photonic microring resonators (MRRs) can provide real-time, direct, and in vivo detection of NO in a mouse wound model. The MRR encodes the NO concentration information into its transfer function in the form of a resonance wavelength shift. We show that these functionalized MRRs, fabricated using complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) compatible processes, can achieve sensitive detection of NO (sub-μM) with excellent specificity and no apparent performance degradation for more than 24 h of operation in biological medium. With alternative functionalizations, this compact lab-on-chip optical sensing platform could support real-time in vivo detection of myriad of biochemical species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakib Hassan
- Electrical & Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Christian C Schreib
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Applied Physics Graduate Program, Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Guillaume Duret
- Electrical & Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Daniel S Roman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Vishnu Nair
- Rice Neuroengineering Initiative, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Tzahi Cohen-Karni
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Omid Veiseh
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Jacob T Robinson
- Electrical & Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.,Rice Neuroengineering Initiative, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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11
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Ackermann J, Metternich JT, Herbertz S, Kruss S. Biosensing with Fluorescent Carbon Nanotubes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202112372. [PMID: 34978752 PMCID: PMC9313876 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Biosensors are powerful tools for modern basic research and biomedical diagnostics. Their development requires substantial input from the chemical sciences. Sensors or probes with an optical readout, such as fluorescence, offer rapid, minimally invasive sensing of analytes with high spatial and temporal resolution. The near‐infrared (NIR) region is beneficial because of the reduced background and scattering of biological samples (tissue transparency window) in this range. In this context, single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have emerged as versatile NIR fluorescent building blocks for biosensors. Here, we provide an overview of advances in SWCNT‐based NIR fluorescent molecular sensors. We focus on chemical design strategies for diverse analytes and summarize insights into the photophysics and molecular recognition. Furthermore, different application areas are discussed—from chemical imaging of cellular systems and diagnostics to in vivo applications and perspectives for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ackermann
- Biomedical Nanosensors, Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, Finkenstrasse 61, 47057, Duisburg, Germany.,Department EBS, University Duisburg-Essen, Bismarckstrasse 81, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Justus T Metternich
- Physical Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany.,Biomedical Nanosensors, Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, Finkenstrasse 61, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Svenja Herbertz
- Biomedical Nanosensors, Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, Finkenstrasse 61, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kruss
- Physical Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany.,Biomedical Nanosensors, Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, Finkenstrasse 61, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
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12
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Altuner EE, Ozalp VC, Yilmaz MD, Bekmezci M, Sen F. High-efficiency application of CTS-Co NPs mimicking peroxidase enzyme on TMB(ox). CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 292:133429. [PMID: 34973252 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, analytical studies of Chitosan-Cobalt(II) (CTS-Co(II)) nanoparticles (CTS - Co NPs) by mimicking horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were evaluated. In the applications, it was observed that CTS-Co NPs 3,3' 5,5' tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) oxidized in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The required CTS-Co NPs were synthesized at 50 °C in 30 min and characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), and X-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS) was done. CTS-Co NPs were studied to develop a selective TMB biosensor on TMB(ox) substrate. The synthesized CTS-Co NPs formed a catalytic reaction with 30% 0.2 mM H2O2 on 0.2 M TMB substrate. After the catalytic reaction, sensitive signals were obtained from the desired biosensor. Electrochemical measurements were taken as low limit of 10 mg and a high limit of 20 mg for the determination of CTS-Co NPs to TMB(ox). In the microplate study; The sensors were applied on 1.5 μg and 3 μg CTS-Co NPs TMB(ox) substrate, respectively. CTS- Co NPs; for TMB(ox) determination, optical density (OD) measurement was taken as a low limit of 1.5 μg and a high limit of 3 μg. Electrochemical applications of particles and microplate reader results were compared with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme for sensor properties. According to the data obtained, it was observed that it behaved similarly to the CTS-Co NPs peroxidase enzyme. This work presents innovations for nanoparticle extraction and sensor study from chitosan and other naturally sourced polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Esra Altuner
- Sen Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Dumlupinar University, 43000, Kutahya, Turkey.
| | - Veli Cengiz Ozalp
- Medical School, Department of Medical Biology, Atilim University, 06830, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - M Deniz Yilmaz
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Konya Food and Agriculture University, 42080, Konya, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Bekmezci
- Sen Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Dumlupinar University, 43000, Kutahya, Turkey; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Dumlupinar University, Kutahya, Turkey
| | - Fatih Sen
- Sen Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Dumlupinar University, 43000, Kutahya, Turkey.
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13
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Gong X, Shuai L, Beingessner RL, Yamazaki T, Shen J, Kuehne M, Jones K, Fenniri H, Strano MS. Size Selective Corona Interactions from Self-Assembled Rosette and Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2104951. [PMID: 35060337 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle corona phases, especially those surrounding anisotropic particles, are central to determining their catalytic, molecular recognition, and interfacial properties. It remains a longstanding challenge to chemically synthesize and control such phases at the nanoparticle surface. In this work, the supramolecular chemistry of rosette nanotubes (RNTs), well-defined hierarchically self-assembled nanostructures formed from heteroaromatic bicyclic bases, is used to create molecularly precise and continuous corona phases on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). These RNT-SWCNT (RS) complexes exhibit the lowest solvent-exposed surface area (147.8 ± 60 m-1 ) measured to date due to its regular structure. Through Raman spectroscopy, molecular-scale control of the free volume is also observed between the two annular structures and the effects of confined water. SWCNT photoluminescence (PL) within the RNT is also modulated considerably as a function of their diameter and chirality, especially for the (11, 1) species, where a PL increase compared to other species can be attributed to their chiral angle and the RNT's inward facing electron densities. In summary, RNT chemistry is extended to the problem of chemically defining both the exterior and interior corona interfaces of an encapsulated particle, thereby opening the door to precision control of core-shell nanoparticle interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Gong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Building 66, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Liang Shuai
- National Institute for Nanotechnology and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G2M9, Canada
| | - Rachel L Beingessner
- National Institute for Nanotechnology and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G2M9, Canada
| | - Takeshi Yamazaki
- National Institute for Nanotechnology and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11421 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G2M9, Canada
| | - Jianliang Shen
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.16 Xinsan Road, Hi-tech Industry Park, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Matthias Kuehne
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Building 66, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Kelvin Jones
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Building 66, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Hicham Fenniri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115-5000, USA
| | - Michael S Strano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Building 66, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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14
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Ackermann J, Metternich JT, Herbertz S, Kruss S. Biosensing with Fluorescent Carbon Nanotubes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ackermann
- Biomedical Nanosensors Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems Finkenstrasse 61 47057 Duisburg Germany
- Department EBS University Duisburg-Essen Bismarckstrasse 81 47057 Duisburg Germany
| | - Justus T. Metternich
- Physical Chemistry Ruhr-University Bochum Universitätsstrasse 150 44801 Bochum Germany
- Biomedical Nanosensors Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems Finkenstrasse 61 47057 Duisburg Germany
| | - Svenja Herbertz
- Biomedical Nanosensors Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems Finkenstrasse 61 47057 Duisburg Germany
| | - Sebastian Kruss
- Physical Chemistry Ruhr-University Bochum Universitätsstrasse 150 44801 Bochum Germany
- Biomedical Nanosensors Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems Finkenstrasse 61 47057 Duisburg Germany
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15
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Yaari Z, Horoszko CP, Antman-Passig M, Kim M, Nguyen FT, Heller DA. Emerging technologies in cancer detection. Cancer Biomark 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-824302-2.00011-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Hofferber E, Meier J, Herrera N, Stapleton J, Calkins C, Iverson N. Detection of single walled carbon nanotube based sensors in a large mammal. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2021; 40:102489. [PMID: 34740870 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
High resolution, rapid, and precise detection of biological analytes related to disease and infection is currently the focus of many researchers. Better biosensors could lead to earlier detection, more avenues of intervention, and higher efficacy of therapeutics, which would lead to better outcomes for all patients. One class of biosensors, single walled carbon nanotubes, is unique due to their nanoscale resolution, single molecule sensitivity, and reversibility for long term applications. While these biosensors have been successful in rodent models, to date, no study has shown successful sensor detection in a large animal. In this study, we show the first successful signal detection of single walled carbon nanotube-based sensors in a large mammal model. Using a relatively simple and cost-effective system, we were able to detect signals in nearly 70% of the sheep used in the study, marking an important steppingstone towards the use of SWNT-based sensors for clinical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Hofferber
- Biological Systems Engineering Department, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
| | - Jakob Meier
- Biological Systems Engineering Department, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
| | - Nicolas Herrera
- Animal Science Department, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
| | - Joseph Stapleton
- Biological Systems Engineering Department, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
| | - Chris Calkins
- Animal Science Department, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
| | - Nicole Iverson
- Biological Systems Engineering Department, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
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17
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Gaur M, Misra C, Yadav AB, Swaroop S, Maolmhuaidh FÓ, Bechelany M, Barhoum A. Biomedical Applications of Carbon Nanomaterials: Fullerenes, Quantum Dots, Nanotubes, Nanofibers, and Graphene. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:5978. [PMID: 34683568 PMCID: PMC8538389 DOI: 10.3390/ma14205978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) have received tremendous interest in the area of nanotechnology due to their unique properties and flexible dimensional structure. CNMs have excellent electrical, thermal, and optical properties that make them promising materials for drug delivery, bioimaging, biosensing, and tissue engineering applications. Currently, there are many types of CNMs, such as quantum dots, nanotubes, nanosheets, and nanoribbons; and there are many others in development that promise exciting applications in the future. The surface functionalization of CNMs modifies their chemical and physical properties, which enhances their drug loading/release capacity, their ability to target drug delivery to specific sites, and their dispersibility and suitability in biological systems. Thus, CNMs have been effectively used in different biomedical systems. This review explores the unique physical, chemical, and biological properties that allow CNMs to improve on the state of the art materials currently used in different biomedical applications. The discussion also embraces the emerging biomedical applications of CNMs, including targeted drug delivery, medical implants, tissue engineering, wound healing, biosensing, bioimaging, vaccination, and photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Gaur
- Centre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India; (M.G.); (C.M.)
| | - Charu Misra
- Centre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India; (M.G.); (C.M.)
| | - Awadh Bihari Yadav
- Centre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India; (M.G.); (C.M.)
| | - Shiv Swaroop
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer 305817, India;
| | - Fionn Ó. Maolmhuaidh
- National Centre for Sensor Research, School of Chemistry, Dublin City University, D09 V209 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Mikhael Bechelany
- Institut Européen des Membranes (IEM), UMR 5635, University Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Ahmed Barhoum
- Nano Struc Research Group, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
- School of Chemical Sciences, Fraunhofer Project Centre, Dublin City University, D09 V209 Dublin, Ireland
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18
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Cho SY, Koman VB, Gong X, Moon SJ, Gordiichuk P, Strano MS. Nanosensor Chemical Cytometry for Characterizing the Efflux Heterogeneity of Nitric Oxide from Macrophages. ACS NANO 2021; 15:13683-13691. [PMID: 34398614 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c04958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are a critical part of the human immune response, and their collective heterogeneity is implicated in disease progression and prevention. A nondestructive, label-free tool does not currently exist for profiling the dynamic, antigenic responses of single macrophages in a collection to correlate with specific molecular expression and correlated biophysical properties at the cellular level, despite the potential for diagnosis and therapeutics. Herein, we develop a nanosensor chemical cytometry (NCC) that can profile the heterogeneity of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) responses from macrophage populations. By integrating a near-infrared (nIR) fluorescent nanosensor array and collagen layer with microfluidics, the cellular lensing effect of the macrophage was utilized to characterize both nitric oxide (NO) efflux and refractive index (RI) changes at a single-cell level. Using a parallel, multichannel approach, distinct iNOS heterogeneities of macrophages can be monitored at an attomolar (10-18 mol) sensitivity in a nondestructive and real-time manner with a throughput of exceeding the 200 cells/frame. We demonstrate that estimated mean NO efflux rates of macrophage populations are elevated from 342 (σ = 199) to 464 (σ = 206) attomol/cell·hr with a 3% larger increase in the heterogeneity, and estimated RI of macrophage decrease from 1.366 (σ = 0.015) to 1.359 (σ = 0.009) with trimodal subpopulations under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activation. These measured values are also in good agreement with Griess assay results and previously reported measurements. This work provides an efficient strategy for single-cell analysis of macrophage populations for cellular manufacturing and biopharmaceutical engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Yeon Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Volodymyr B Koman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Xun Gong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sun Jin Moon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Pavlo Gordiichuk
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michael S Strano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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19
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Jain N, Gupta E, Kanu NJ. Plethora of Carbon Nanotubes Applications in Various Fields – A State-of-the-Art-Review. SMART SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/23080477.2021.1940752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Jain
- Department of Engineering Science, Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Engineering, Lavale, Pune, India
| | - Eva Gupta
- Department of Electrical Engineering, ASET, Amity University, Noida, India
- Department of Electrical Engineering, TSSM’s Bhivrabai Sawant College of Engineering and Research, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nand Jee Kanu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, S. V. National Institute of Technology, Surat, India
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, JSPM Narhe Technical Campus, Pune, India
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20
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Cho SY, Gong X, Koman VB, Kuehne M, Moon SJ, Son M, Lew TTS, Gordiichuk P, Jin X, Sikes HD, Strano MS. Cellular lensing and near infrared fluorescent nanosensor arrays to enable chemical efflux cytometry. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3079. [PMID: 34035262 PMCID: PMC8149711 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23416-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanosensors have proven to be powerful tools to monitor single cells, achieving spatiotemporal precision even at molecular level. However, there has not been way of extending this approach to statistically relevant numbers of living cells. Herein, we design and fabricate nanosensor array in microfluidics that addresses this limitation, creating a Nanosensor Chemical Cytometry (NCC). nIR fluorescent carbon nanotube array is integrated along microfluidic channel through which flowing cells is guided. We can utilize the flowing cell itself as highly informative Gaussian lenses projecting nIR profiles and extract rich information. This unique biophotonic waveguide allows for quantified cross-correlation of biomolecular information with various physical properties and creates label-free chemical cytometer for cellular heterogeneity measurement. As an example, the NCC can profile the immune heterogeneities of human monocyte populations at attomolar sensitivity in completely non-destructive and real-time manner with rate of ~600 cells/hr, highest range demonstrated to date for state-of-the-art chemical cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Yeon Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xun Gong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Volodymyr B Koman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matthias Kuehne
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sun Jin Moon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Manki Son
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tedrick Thomas Salim Lew
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pavlo Gordiichuk
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xiaojia Jin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hadley D Sikes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael S Strano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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21
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Hofferber E, Meier J, Herrera N, Stapleton J, Ney K, Francis B, Calkins C, Iverson N. Novel methods to extract and quantify sensors based on single wall carbon nanotube fluorescence from animal tissue and hydrogel-based platforms. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2021; 9:025005. [PMID: 33631740 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/abea07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Sensors that can quickly and accurately diagnose and monitor human health are currently at the forefront of medical research. Single walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) based optical biosensors are a growing area of research due to the high spatiotemporal resolution of their near infrared fluorescence leading to high tissue transparency and unparalleled sensitivity to analytes of interest. Unfortunately, due to the functionalization requirements of SWNT-based sensors, there are concerns surrounding accumulation and persistence when applied in vivo. In this study, we developed protocols to extract and quantify SWNT from complex solutions and show an 89% sensor retention by hydrogel platforms when implanted in vivo. Animal tissues of interest were also extracted and probed for SWNT content showing no accumulation (0.03 mg l-1 SWNT detection limit). The methods developed in this paper demonstrated one avenue for applying SWNT sensors in vivo without concern for accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Hofferber
- Biological Systems Engineering Department, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
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22
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Vidanapathirana AK, Psaltis PJ, Bursill CA, Abell AD, Nicholls SJ. Cardiovascular bioimaging of nitric oxide: Achievements, challenges, and the future. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:435-463. [PMID: 33075148 DOI: 10.1002/med.21736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a ubiquitous, volatile, cellular signaling molecule that operates across a wide physiological concentration range (pM-µM) in different tissues. It is a highly diffusible messenger and intermediate in various metabolic pathways. NO plays a pivotal role in maintaining optimum cardiovascular function, particularly by regulating vascular tone and blood flow. This review highlights the need for accurate, real-time bioimaging of NO in clinical diagnostic, therapeutic, monitoring, and theranostic applications within the cardiovascular system. We summarize electrochemical, optical, and nanoscale sensors that allow measurement and imaging of NO, both directly and indirectly via surrogate measurements. The physical properties of NO render it difficult to accurately measure in tissues using direct methods. There are also significant limitations associated with the NO metabolites used as surrogates to indirectly estimate NO levels. All these factors added to significant variability in the measurement of NO using available methodology have led to a lack of sensors and imaging techniques of clinical applicability in relevant vascular pathologies such as atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease. Challenges in applying current methods to biomedical and clinical translational research, including the wide physiological range of NO and limitations due to the characteristics and toxicity of the sensors are discussed, as are potential targets and modifications for future studies. The development of biocompatible nanoscale sensors for use in combination with existing clinical imaging modalities provides a feasible opportunity for bioimaging NO within the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achini K Vidanapathirana
- Vascular Research Centre, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Australian Research Council (ARC), Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Adelaide, Australia.,Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peter J Psaltis
- Vascular Research Centre, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Australian Research Council (ARC), Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Adelaide, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Christina A Bursill
- Vascular Research Centre, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Australian Research Council (ARC), Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Adelaide, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew D Abell
- Australian Research Council (ARC), Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Adelaide, Australia.,Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stephen J Nicholls
- Australian Research Council (ARC), Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Adelaide, Australia.,Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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23
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Ebrahimi P, Shahidi SA, Bijad M. A rapid voltammetric strategy for determination of ferulic acid using electrochemical nanostructure tool in food samples. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-020-00585-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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24
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Park M, Salem DP, Parviz D, Gong X, Silmore KS, Lew TTS, Khong DT, Ang MCY, Kwak SY, Chan-Park MB, Strano MS. Measuring the Accessible Surface Area within the Nanoparticle Corona Using Molecular Probe Adsorption. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:7712-7724. [PMID: 31565943 PMCID: PMC7206615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The corona phase-the adsorbed layer of polymer, surfactant, or stabilizer molecules around a nanoparticle-is typically utilized to disperse nanoparticles into a solution or solid phase. However, this phase also controls molecular access to the nanoparticle surface, a property important for catalytic activity and sensor applications. Unfortunately, few methods can directly probe the structure of this corona phase, which is subcategorized as either a hard, immobile corona or a soft, transient corona in exchange with components in the bulk solution. In this work, we introduce a molecular probe adsorption (MPA) method for measuring the accessible nanoparticle surface area using a titration of a quenchable fluorescent molecule. For example, riboflavin is utilized to measure the surface area of gold nanoparticle standards, as well as corona phases on dispersed single-walled carbon nanotubes and graphene sheets. A material balance on the titration yields certain surface coverage parameters, including the ratio of the surface area to dissociation constant of the fluorophore, q/KD, as well as KD itself. Uncertainty, precision, and the correlation of these parameters across different experimental systems, preparations, and modalities are all discussed. Using MPA across a series of corona phases, we find that the Gibbs free energy of probe binding scales inversely with the cube root of surface area, q. In this way, MPA is the only technique to date capable of discerning critical structure-property relationships for such nanoparticle surface phases. Hence, MPA is a rapid quantitative technique that should prove useful for elucidating corona structure for nanoparticles across different systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyung Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Daniel P Salem
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Dorsa Parviz
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Xun Gong
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Kevin S Silmore
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Tedrick Thomas Salim Lew
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Duc Thinh Khong
- Disruptive & Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision IRG , Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology , 1 Create Way , Singapore 138602 , Singapore
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 62, Nanyang Drive , Singapore 637459 , Singapore
| | - Mervin Chun-Yi Ang
- Disruptive & Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision IRG , Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology , 1 Create Way , Singapore 138602 , Singapore
| | - Seon-Yeong Kwak
- Department of Biosystems and Biomaterials Science and Engineering , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Mary B Chan-Park
- Disruptive & Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision IRG , Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology , 1 Create Way , Singapore 138602 , Singapore
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 62, Nanyang Drive , Singapore 637459 , Singapore
| | - Michael S Strano
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
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25
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Gong X, Park M, Parviz D, Silmore KS, Gordiichuk P, Lew TTS, Strano MS. Single-Particle Tracking for Understanding Polydisperse Nanoparticle Dispersions. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1901468. [PMID: 31338962 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201901468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal dispersions of nanomaterials are often polydisperse in size, significantly complicating their characterization. This is particularly true for materials early in their historical development due to synthetic control, dispersion efficiency, and instability during storage. Because a wide range of system properties and technological applications depend on particle dimensions, it remains an important problem in nanotechnology to identify a method for the routine characterization of polydispersity in nanoparticle samples, especially changes over time. Commonly employed methods such as dynamic light scattering or analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) accurately estimate only the first moment of the distribution or are not routine. In this work, the use of single-particle tracking (SPT) to probe size distributions of common nanoparticle dispersions, including polystyrene nanoparticles, single-walled carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, chitosan-tripolyphosphate, acrylate, hexagonal boron nitride, and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), is proposed and explored. The analysis of particle tracks is conducted using a newly developed Bayesian algorithm that is called Maximum A posteriori Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis. By combining SPT and AUC techniques, it is shown that it is possible to independently estimate the mean aspect ratio of anisotropic particles, an important characterization property. It is concluded that SPT provides a facile, rapid analytical method for routine nanomaterials characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Gong
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue 66-570b, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Minkyung Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue 66-570b, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Dorsa Parviz
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue 66-570b, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Kevin S Silmore
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue 66-570b, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Pavlo Gordiichuk
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue 66-570b, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Tedrick Thomas Salim Lew
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue 66-570b, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Michael S Strano
- Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue 66-570b, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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Bhattacharya S, Gong X, Wang E, Dutta SK, Caplette JR, Son M, Nguyen FT, Strano MS, Mukhopadhyay D. DNA-SWCNT Biosensors Allow Real-Time Monitoring of Therapeutic Responses in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res 2019; 79:4515-4523. [PMID: 31292162 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-3337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly desmoplastic cancer with limited treatment options. There is an urgent need for tools that monitor therapeutic responses in real time. Drugs such as gemcitabine and irinotecan elicit their therapeutic effect in cancer cells by producing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In this study, specific DNA-wrapped single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT), which precisely monitor H2O2, were used to determine the therapeutic response of PDAC cells in vitro and tumors in vivo. Drug therapeutic efficacy was evaluated in vitro by monitoring H2O2 differences in situ using reversible alteration of Raman G-bands from the nanotubes. Implantation of the DNA-SWCNT probe inside the PDAC tumor resulted in approximately 50% reduction of Raman G-band intensity when treated with gemcitabine versus the pretreated tumor; the Raman G-band intensity reversed to its pretreatment level upon treatment withdrawal. In summary, using highly specific and sensitive DNA-SWCNT nanosensors, which can determine dynamic alteration of hydrogen peroxide in tumor, can evaluate the effectiveness of chemotherapeutics. SIGNIFICANCE: A novel biosensor is used to detect intratumoral hydrogen peroxide, allowing real-time monitoring of responses to chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Bhattacharya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, Florida.,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Xun Gong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Enfeng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Shamit K Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Joseph R Caplette
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Manki Son
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Freddy T Nguyen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Michael S Strano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Debabrata Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, Florida. .,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, Florida
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Thiriveedhi A, Nadh RV, Srinivasu N, Ganta NM. Novel Pyrazolyl Benzoxazole Conjugates: Design, Synthesis, Molecular Docking Studies and in vitro Anticancer Activities. LETT ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178615666181022141919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, hybrid drugs have gained a significant role in the treatment of different health problems. Most of the hybrid molecules with different heterocyclic moieties were proved to be potent anti-tumor agents in cancer chemotherapy. Hence, the present study is aimed at the evaluation of in vitro anticancer activity of novel hybrid molecules (pyrazolyl benzoxazole conjugates) and to investigate their anticancer activity by molecular docking studies. Designed, synthesized and characterized the novel pyrazolyl benzoxazole conjugates. Anticancer activity of these compounds was determined by SRB assay. Then molecular docking studies were carried out against proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase (ATP-Src, PDB: 2BDF), a putative target for cancer. All the synthesized compound derivatives were evaluated against MCF-7, KB, Hop62 and A549 cancer cell lines. Compounds 9b and 9c exhibited excellent anticancer activities with GI50 values of <0.1 µM against MCF-7 and A549 cell lines. Compound 9e exhibited good antitumor activity on MCF-7 and A-549 with GI50 values of 0.12 µM and 0.19 µM respectively. Compound 9g showed better anticancer activity on A-549 cancer cell line with GI50 of 0.34 µM. The two-hybrid molecules 9b and 9c are found to be comparably potent with the standard drug doxorubicin and may act as drug lead compounds in medicinal chemistry aspect. The present docking investigation proved that having benzoxazole of compound 9c at the position of benzofuran of reference compound (N-acetyl pyrazoline derivative) might be valid for contributing to anti-cancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunkumar Thiriveedhi
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Science and Humanities, Vignan’s Foundation for Science Technology and Research University, Guntur-522213, India
| | | | - Navuluri Srinivasu
- Division of Chemistry, Department of Science and Humanities, Vignan’s Foundation for Science Technology and Research University, Guntur-522213, India
| | - Narayana Murthy Ganta
- Department of Chemistry, GITAM University, Hyderabad Campus, Telangana - 502329, India
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Maiti D, Tong X, Mou X, Yang K. Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications: A Recent Study. Front Pharmacol 2019; 9:1401. [PMID: 30914959 PMCID: PMC6421398 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of carbon-based nanomaterials (CBNs) for biomedical applications has attracted great attention due to their unique chemical and physical properties including thermal, mechanical, electrical, optical and structural diversity. With the help of these intrinsic properties, CBNs, including carbon nanotubes (CNT), graphene oxide (GO), and graphene quantum dots (GQDs), have been extensively investigated in biomedical applications. This review summarizes the most recent studies in developing of CBNs for various biomedical applications including bio-sensing, drug delivery and cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Maiti
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiangmin Tong
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaozhou Mou
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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A Novel Ruthenium-based Molecular Sensor to Detect Endothelial Nitric Oxide. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1720. [PMID: 30737439 PMCID: PMC6368587 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39123-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a key regulator of endothelial cell and vascular function. The direct measurement of NO is challenging due to its short half-life, and as such surrogate measurements are typically used to approximate its relative concentrations. Here we demonstrate that ruthenium-based [Ru(bpy)2(dabpy)]2+ is a potent sensor for NO in its irreversible, NO-bound active form, [Ru(bpy)2(T-bpy)]2+. Using spectrophotometry we established the sensor’s ability to detect and measure soluble NO in a concentration-dependent manner in cell-free media. Endothelial cells cultured with acetylcholine or hydrogen peroxide to induce endogenous NO production showed modest increases of 7.3 ± 7.1% and 36.3 ± 25.0% respectively in fluorescence signal from baseline state, while addition of exogenous NO increased their fluorescence by 5.2-fold. The changes in fluorescence signal were proportionate and comparable against conventional NO assays. Rabbit blood samples immediately exposed to [Ru(bpy)2(dabpy)]2+ displayed 8-fold higher mean fluorescence, relative to blood without sensor. Approximately 14% of the observed signal was NO/NO adduct-specific. Optimal readings were obtained when sensor was added to freshly collected blood, remaining stable during subsequent freeze-thaw cycles. Clinical studies are now required to test the utility of [Ru(bpy)2(dabpy)]2+ as a sensor to detect changes in NO from human blood samples in cardiovascular health and disease.
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Savk A, Özdil B, Demirkan B, Nas MS, Calimli MH, Alma MH, Inamuddin, Asiri AM, Şen F. Multiwalled carbon nanotube-based nanosensor for ultrasensitive detection of uric acid, dopamine, and ascorbic acid. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 99:248-254. [PMID: 30889697 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.01.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) based sensor was fabricated as a highly precise and stable electrochemical sensor. The synthesized sensor which consists of ZnNi bimetallic nanoalloy called the ZnNi NPs@f-MWCNT sensor, have been used for the simultaneous detection of uric acid (UA), dopamine (DA) and ascorbic acid (AA). The ZnNi NPs@f-MWCNT sensor obtained based on the microwave irradiation process, and its characterization was performed by using several physical techniques such as XRD, XPS, TEM, Raman, etc. The characterization showed that this sensor has excellent properties such as rich pore channels, excellent structural durability, and large surface area. These properties facilitated mass transfer and electron conductions. It was observed that the obtained sensor gave high electrochemical activity and wide linear responses (0.3-1.1 mM AA, 0.2-1.2 mM DA, 0.2-1.1 mM UA) in the detection of uric acid (UA), dopamine (DA) and ascorbic acid (AA). In addition to these properties, it has been found that the sensor has excellent anti-interferents properties towards AlCl3, KCl3, glucose, etc. and ZnNi NPs@f-MWCNT sensor was further applied to determine uric acid (UA), dopamine (DA) and ascorbic acid (AA) in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysun Savk
- Sen Research Group, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Arts and Science, Dumlupınar University, Turkey
| | - Buse Özdil
- Sen Research Group, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Arts and Science, Dumlupınar University, Turkey
| | - Buse Demirkan
- Sen Research Group, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Arts and Science, Dumlupınar University, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Salih Nas
- Sen Research Group, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Arts and Science, Dumlupınar University, Turkey; Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Igdir, Igdir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Harbi Calimli
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Igdir, Igdir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Hakkı Alma
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Igdir, Igdir, Turkey
| | - Inamuddin
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Asiri
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatih Şen
- Sen Research Group, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Arts and Science, Dumlupınar University, Turkey.
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Bonis-O’Donnell JTD, Pinals RL, Jeong S, Thakrar A, Wolfinger RD, Landry MP. Chemometric Approaches for Developing Infrared Nanosensors To Image Anthracyclines. Biochemistry 2019; 58:54-64. [PMID: 30480442 PMCID: PMC6411385 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Generation, identification, and validation of optical probes to image molecular targets in a biological milieu remain a challenge. Synthetic molecular recognition approaches leveraging the intrinsic near-infrared fluorescence of single-walled carbon nanotubes are promising for long-term biochemical imaging in tissues. However, generation of nanosensors for selective imaging of molecular targets requires a heuristic approach. Here, we present a chemometric platform for rapidly screening libraries of candidate single-walled carbon nanotube nanosensors against biochemical analytes to quantify the fluorescence response to small molecules, including vitamins, neurotransmitters, and chemotherapeutics. We further show this method can be applied to identify biochemical analytes that selectively modulate the intrinsic near-infrared fluorescence of candidate nanosensors. Chemometric analysis thus enables identification of nanosensor-analyte "hits" and also nanosensor fluorescence signaling modalities such as wavelength shifts that are optimal for translation to biological imaging. Through this approach, we identify and characterize a nanosensor for the chemotherapeutic anthracycline doxorubicin (DOX), which provides a ≤17 nm fluorescence red-shift and exhibits an 8 μM limit of detection, compatible with peak circulatory concentrations of doxorubicin common in therapeutic administration. We demonstrate the selectivity of this nanosensor over dacarbazine, a chemotherapeutic commonly co-injected with doxorubicin. Lastly, we establish nanosensor tissue compatibility for imaging of doxorubicin in muscle tissue by incorporating nanosensors into the mouse hindlimb and measuring the nanosensor response to exogenous DOX administration. Our results motivate chemometric approaches to nanosensor discovery for chronic imaging of drug partitioning into tissues and toward real-time monitoring of drug accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca L. Pinals
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Sanghwa Jeong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Ami Thakrar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Russ D. Wolfinger
- SAS Institute Inc. Cary, NC 27513
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC2 7695
| | - Markita P. Landry
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Innovative Genomics Institute (IGI), Berkeley, CA 94720
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, QB3, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158
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Light induced DNA-functionalized TiO 2 nanocrystalline interface: Theoretical and experimental insights towards DNA damage detection. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 188:159-176. [PMID: 30308399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the emerging applications of DNA-functionalized TiO2 nanocrystals towards DNA damage detection, it is inevitable to understand the better chemistry as well as in-depth molecular interaction phenomena. Fundamentally, energy difference underlies the layer-by-layer construction, resulted in the increase of the interaction energy and thus, altering the electrochemical behavior. Herein, Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed using DMol3 and DFTB+ codes successfully to elucidate the structural, electronics, and vibrational properties of the layer-by-layer components composing ss-DNA/dopamine/TiO2/FTO. The obtained results are in good agreement with the experimental findings. The band gaps of FTO and TiO2 were computationally obtained at 3.335 and 3.136 eV which are comparable with the experimental data (3.500 eV; FTO and 3.200 eV; TiO2). Frontier orbital analysis is also considered to elucidate their electron transfer phenomena. Further, a 100 ns MD simulations are carried out using canonical ensemble embedded with COMPASS-Universal Forcefields generating useful thermodynamics parameters. Binding energies indicate increasing interaction energies for the layer-by-layer nanosystem, in agreement with the increasing diameter of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) semicircle. Our results reveal the fundamental understanding of the DNA-functionalized TiO2 nanocrystals down to molecular and electronic level and further, paving a way of its application towards nanoelectrochemical DNA biosensors.
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Fernandes LF, Bruch GE, Massensini AR, Frézard F. Recent Advances in the Therapeutic and Diagnostic Use of Liposomes and Carbon Nanomaterials in Ischemic Stroke. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:453. [PMID: 30026685 PMCID: PMC6041432 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The complexity of the central nervous system (CNS), its limited self-repairing capacity and the ineffective delivery of most CNS drugs to the brain contribute to the irreversible and progressive nature of many neurological diseases and also the severity of the outcome. Therefore, neurological disorders belong to the group of pathologies with the greatest need of new technologies for diagnostics and therapeutics. In this scenario, nanotechnology has emerged with innovative and promising biomaterials and tools. This review focuses on ischemic stroke, being one of the major causes of death and serious long-term disabilities worldwide, and the recent advances in the study of liposomes and carbon nanomaterials for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. Ischemic stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain is insufficient to meet metabolic demand, leading to a cascade of physiopathological events in the CNS including local blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption. However, to date, the only treatment approved by the FDA for this pathology is based on the potentially toxic tissue plasminogen activator. The techniques currently available for diagnosis of stroke also lack sensitivity. Liposomes and carbon nanomaterials were selected for comparison in this review, because of their very distinct characteristics and ranges of applications. Liposomes represent a biomimetic system, with composition, structural organization and properties very similar to biological membranes. On the other hand, carbon nanomaterials, which are not naturally encountered in the human body, exhibit new modes of interaction with biological molecules and systems, resulting in unique pharmacological properties. In the last years, several neuroprotective agents have been evaluated under the encapsulated form in liposomes, in experimental models of stroke. Effective drug delivery to the brain and neuroprotection were achieved using stealth liposomes bearing targeting ligands onto their surface for brain endothelial cells and ischemic tissues receptors. Carbon nanomaterials including nanotubes, fullerenes and graphene, started to be investigated and potential applications for therapy, biosensing and imaging have been identified based on their antioxidant action, their intrinsic photoluminescence, their ability to cross the BBB, transitorily decrease the BBB paracellular tightness, carry oligonucleotides and cells and induce cell differentiation. The potential future developments in the field are finally discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - André R. Massensini
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Frédéric Frézard
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Kamalieva R, Ishmukhametov I, Batasheva S, Rozhina E, Fakhrullin R. Uptake of halloysite clay nanotubes by human cells: Colourimetric viability tests and microscopy study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Karmakar A, Mallick T, Das S, Begum NA. Naturally occurring green multifunctional agents: Exploration of their roles in the world of graphene and related systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Koskun Y, Şavk A, Şen B, Şen F. Highly sensitive glucose sensor based on monodisperse palladium nickel/activated carbon nanocomposites. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1010:37-43. [PMID: 29447669 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glucose enzyme biosensors have been used for a variety of applications such as medical diagnosis, bioprocess engineering, beverage industry and environmental scanning etc. and there is still a growing interest in glucose sensors. For this purpose, addressed herein, as a novel glucose sensor, highly sensitive activated carbon (AC) decorated monodisperse nickel and palladium alloy nanocomposites modified glassy carbon electrode (Ni-Pd@AC/GCE NCs) have been synthesized by in-situ reduction technique. Raman Spectroscopy (RS), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA) were used for the characterization of the prepared non-enzymatic glucose sensor. The characteristic sensor properties of the Ni-Pd@AC/GCE electrode were compared with Ni-Pd NCs/GCE, Ni@AC/GCE and Pd@AC/GCE and the results demonstrate that the AC is very effective in the enhancement of the electrocatalytic properties of sensor. In addition, the Ni-Pd@AC/GCE nanocomposites showed a very low detection limit of 0.014 μM, a wide linear range of 0.01 mM-1 mM and a very high sensitivity of 90 mA mM-1 cm-2. Furthermore, the recommended sensor offer the various advantageous such as facile preparation, fast response time, high selectivity and sensitivity. Lastly, monodisperse Ni-Pd@AC/GCE was utilized to detect glucose in real sample species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yağmur Koskun
- Sen Research Group, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Arts and Science, Dumlupınar University, Evliya Çelebi Campus, 43100, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Aysun Şavk
- Sen Research Group, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Arts and Science, Dumlupınar University, Evliya Çelebi Campus, 43100, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Betül Şen
- Sen Research Group, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Arts and Science, Dumlupınar University, Evliya Çelebi Campus, 43100, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Fatih Şen
- Sen Research Group, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Arts and Science, Dumlupınar University, Evliya Çelebi Campus, 43100, Kütahya, Turkey.
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Investigation of the effect of pomegranate extract and monodisperse silver nanoparticle combination on MCF-7 cell line. J Biotechnol 2017; 260:79-83. [PMID: 28923716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate whether the combination therapy of pomegranate extract and silver nanoparticle is effective on MCF-7 cell culture. The pomegranate extract was mixed and incubated with silver nitrate for the microwave assisted green synthesized of silver nanoparticle. Obtained nanoparticles were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-vis, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) methods The spectroscopic and morphological studies of the monodisperse Ag NPs which have particle size of 15.4nm indicate the highly crystalline form, well dispersity, and colloidally stable NPs. After fully characterization of prepared nanoparticles, the effectiveness of Ag NPs was determined by evaluating cell viability, nuclear degradation and cell cycle parameters. The results obtained demonstrate that biosynthesized Ag NPs can inhibit the proliferation of human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 in the IC50 at a dose of 12.85μg/mL and inhibit the proliferation of Ag NPs against anti-growth arresting MCF-7 cell line. This case demonstrates that it may exert its proliferative effect by reducing DNA synthesis and apoptosis-inducing cell cycle stages.
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40
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cif2tube – Algorithm for constructing nanotube and nanoscroll models from crystallographic information files. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2016.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Santiesteban DY, Kubelick K, Dhada KS, Dumani D, Suggs L, Emelianov S. Monitoring/Imaging and Regenerative Agents for Enhancing Tissue Engineering Characterization and Therapies. Ann Biomed Eng 2016; 44:750-72. [PMID: 26692081 PMCID: PMC4956083 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-015-1509-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The past three decades have seen numerous advances in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) therapies. However, despite the successes there is still much to be done before TERM therapies become commonplace in clinic. One of the main obstacles is the lack of knowledge regarding complex tissue engineering processes. Imaging strategies, in conjunction with exogenous contrast agents, can aid in this endeavor by assessing in vivo therapeutic progress. The ability to uncover real-time treatment progress will help shed light on the complex tissue engineering processes and lead to development of improved, adaptive treatments. More importantly, the utilized exogenous contrast agents can double as therapeutic agents. Proper use of these Monitoring/Imaging and Regenerative Agents (MIRAs) can help increase TERM therapy successes and allow for clinical translation. While other fields have exploited similar particles for combining diagnostics and therapy, MIRA research is still in its beginning stages with much of the current research being focused on imaging or therapeutic applications, separately. Advancing MIRA research will have numerous impacts on achieving clinical translations of TERM therapies. Therefore, it is our goal to highlight current MIRA progress and suggest future research that can lead to effective TERM treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Y Santiesteban
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton, BME Building, 1 University Station, C0800, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University School of Medicine, 313 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Kelsey Kubelick
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 777 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University School of Medicine, 313 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Kabir S Dhada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton, BME Building, 1 University Station, C0800, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Diego Dumani
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 777 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University School of Medicine, 313 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Laura Suggs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton, BME Building, 1 University Station, C0800, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
| | - Stanislav Emelianov
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 777 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University School of Medicine, 313 Ferst Dr NW, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
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Kumari C, Sain D, Kumar A, Debnath S, Saha P, Dey S. A real time colorimetric ‘two in one’ kit for tracking ppb levels of uric acid and Hg2+ in live HeLa S3 cells and Hg2+ induced keto–enol tautomerism. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra06987h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A TBET based ‘turn-on’ fluorescent reagent with high Stokes shifts, exhibits selective and colorimetric detection of biologically important uric acid as well as toxic Hg2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanda Kumari
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Indian School of Mines
- Dhanbad
- India
| | - Dibyendu Sain
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Indian School of Mines
- Dhanbad
- India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Indian School of Mines
- Dhanbad
- India
| | - Sushanta Debnath
- Crystallography and Molecular Biology Division
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics
- Kolkata 700064
- India
| | - Partha Saha
- Crystallography and Molecular Biology Division
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics
- Kolkata 700064
- India
| | - Swapan Dey
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Indian School of Mines
- Dhanbad
- India
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Yu Y, Chen J, Chen R, Cao L, Tang W, Lin D, Wang J, Liu C. Enhancement of VEGF-Mediated Angiogenesis by 2-N,6-O-Sulfated Chitosan-Coated Hierarchical PLGA Scaffolds. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:9982-9990. [PMID: 25905780 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b02324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and controlled vascularization within scaffolds remains one of the key limitations in tissue engineering applications. This study describes the fabrication and characterization of 2-N,6-O-sulfated chitosan (26SCS)-coated hierarchical scaffold composed of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres, as a desirable vehicle for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) delivery and consequent angiogenic boosting in vitro. Owing to the hierarchical porous structure and high affinity between VEGF and 26SCS, the 26SCS-modified PLGA (S-PLGA) scaffold possesses excellent entrapment and sustained release of VEGF. Using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) as a cell model, the VEGF-loaded S-PLGA scaffold shows desirable cell viability and attachment. The bioactivity of released VEGF is validated by intracellular nitric oxide secretion and capillary tube formation, demonstrating the improved capacity of VEGF-mediated pro-angiogenesis ascribed to 26SCS incorporation. Such a strategy will afford an effective method to prepare a scaffold with promoted angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanman Yu
- †The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, ‡Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, §Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- †The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, ‡Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, §Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Chen
- †The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, ‡Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, §Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyan Cao
- †The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, ‡Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, §Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Tang
- †The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, ‡Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, §Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Lin
- †The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, ‡Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, §Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- †The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, ‡Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, §Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Changsheng Liu
- †The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, ‡Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, §Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
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44
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Jain A, Homayoun A, Bannister CW, Yum K. Single-walled carbon nanotubes as near-infrared optical biosensors for life sciences and biomedicine. Biotechnol J 2015; 10:447-59. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201400168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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