1
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Zhong Z, Fang S, Li Y, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Chen H, Zhang J, Wang HX, Xiong H, Zou Q, Wang S. Quantitative Analysis of Protein Corona on Precoated Protein Nanoparticles and Determined Nanoparticles with Ultralow Protein Corona and Efficient Targeting in Vivo. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:56812-56824. [PMID: 34817983 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c12008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The protein corona on nanoparticles (NPs) is a critical problem that often screens the targeting molecules and becomes one of the key reasons for the lack of practical application in nanotherapy. It is critical to fully understand the mechanism of the nanoparticle-biological interactions to design the nanoparticle-based therapeutic agents. Some types of proteins can be precoated on the nanoparticles to avoid unwanted protein attachment; however, the ultralow level of protein corona is hard to achieve, and the relationship of the antifouling property of the precoated protein nanoparticles with protein conformation and protein-nanoparticle interaction energy has never been investigated. In this work, we provided the quantitative protein corona composition analysis on different precoated protein nanoparticles, and on the basis of the molecular simulation process, we found their antifouling property strongly depended on the interaction energy of the precoated protein-serum protein pair and the number of hydrogen bonds formed between them. Furthermore, it also depended on the nanoparticle-serum protein pair interaction energy and the protein conformation on the nanoparticle. The casein coated nanoparticle with the antifouling property was determined, and after aptamer conjugation and drug loading, they exhibited superior targeting and internalization behavior for photodynamic and photothermal therapy in vitro and in vivo. Our work adds to the understanding of the protein corona behavior of precoated protein nanoparticles, and the determined antifouling NP can potentially be used as a highly efficient nanodrug carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zicheng Zhong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Senbiao Fang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410012, China
| | - Yan Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jinzhi Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Hang-Xing Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Huayu Xiong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Qichao Zou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Suxiao Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Centre for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
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2
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Vianello F, Cecconello A, Magro M. Toward the Specificity of Bare Nanomaterial Surfaces for Protein Corona Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7625. [PMID: 34299242 PMCID: PMC8305441 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aiming at creating smart nanomaterials for biomedical applications, nanotechnology aspires to develop a new generation of nanomaterials with the ability to recognize different biological components in a complex environment. It is common opinion that nanomaterials must be coated with organic or inorganic layers as a mandatory prerequisite for applications in biological systems. Thus, it is the nanomaterial surface coating that predominantly controls the nanomaterial fate in the biological environment. In the last decades, interdisciplinary studies involving not only life sciences, but all branches of scientific research, provided hints for obtaining uncoated inorganic materials able to interact with biological systems with high complexity and selectivity. Herein, the fragmentary literature on the interactions between bare abiotic materials and biological components is reviewed. Moreover, the most relevant examples of selective binding and the conceptualization of the general principles behind recognition mechanisms were provided. Nanoparticle features, such as crystalline facets, density and distribution of surface chemical groups, and surface roughness and topography were encompassed for deepening the comprehension of the general concept of recognition patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Massimiliano Magro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (F.V.); (A.C.)
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3
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Tavakoli S, Kari OK, Turunen T, Lajunen T, Schmitt M, Lehtinen J, Tasaka F, Parkkila P, Ndika J, Viitala T, Alenius H, Urtti A, Subrizi A. Diffusion and Protein Corona Formation of Lipid-Based Nanoparticles in the Vitreous Humor: Profiling and Pharmacokinetic Considerations. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:699-713. [PMID: 32584047 PMCID: PMC7856631 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The vitreous humor is the first barrier encountered by intravitreally injected nanoparticles. Lipid-based nanoparticles in the vitreous are studied by evaluating their diffusion with single-particle tracking technology and by characterizing their protein coronae with surface plasmon resonance and high-resolution proteomics. Single-particle tracking results indicate that the vitreal mobility of the formulations is dependent on their charge. Anionic and neutral formulations are mobile, whereas larger (>200 nm) neutral particles have restricted diffusion, and cationic particles are immobilized in the vitreous. PEGylation increases the mobility of cationic and larger neutral formulations but does not affect anionic and smaller neutral particles. Convection has a significant role in the pharmacokinetics of nanoparticles, whereas diffusion drives the transport of antibodies. Surface plasmon resonance studies determine that the vitreal corona of anionic formulations is sparse. Proteomics data reveals 76 differentially abundant proteins, whose enrichment is specific to either the hard or the soft corona. PEGylation does not affect protein enrichment. This suggests that protein-specific rather than formulation-specific factors are drivers of protein adsorption on nanoparticles in the vitreous. In summary, our findings contribute to understanding the pharmacokinetics of nanoparticles in the vitreous and help advance the development of nanoparticle-based treatments for eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Tavakoli
- Drug
Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Otto Kalevi Kari
- Drug
Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Turunen
- Drug
Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tatu Lajunen
- Drug
Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mechthild Schmitt
- Drug
Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Julia Lehtinen
- Drug
Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fumitaka Tasaka
- Pharmaceutics
& Pharmacology Department, Global R&D, Santen Pharmaceutical
Co., Ltd., 8916-16 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
| | - Petteri Parkkila
- Drug
Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joseph Ndika
- Human
Microbiome Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 21, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tapani Viitala
- Division
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harri Alenius
- Human
Microbiome Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 21, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute
of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arto Urtti
- Drug
Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute
of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Petergof, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
- School
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Astrid Subrizi
- School
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
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4
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Mohammad-Beigi H, Hayashi Y, Zeuthen CM, Eskandari H, Scavenius C, Juul-Madsen K, Vorup-Jensen T, Enghild JJ, Sutherland DS. Mapping and identification of soft corona proteins at nanoparticles and their impact on cellular association. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4535. [PMID: 32913217 PMCID: PMC7484794 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18237-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The current understanding of the biological identity that nanoparticles may acquire in a given biological milieu is mostly inferred from the hard component of the protein corona (HC). The composition of soft corona (SC) proteins and their biological relevance have remained elusive due to the lack of analytical separation methods. Here, we identify a set of specific corona proteins with weak interactions at silica and polystyrene nanoparticles by using an in situ click-chemistry reaction. We show that these SC proteins are present also in the HC, but are specifically enriched after the capture, suggesting that the main distinction between HC and SC is the differential binding strength of the same proteins. Interestingly, the weakly interacting proteins are revealed as modulators of nanoparticle-cell association mainly through their dynamic nature. We therefore highlight that weak interactions of proteins at nanoparticles should be considered when evaluating nano-bio interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Mohammad-Beigi
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- The Centre for Cellular Signal Patterns (CellPAT), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Yuya Hayashi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Christina Moeslund Zeuthen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- The Centre for Cellular Signal Patterns (CellPAT), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Hoda Eskandari
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- The Centre for Cellular Signal Patterns (CellPAT), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Carsten Scavenius
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kristian Juul-Madsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Thomas Vorup-Jensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jan J Enghild
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Duncan S Sutherland
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
- The Centre for Cellular Signal Patterns (CellPAT), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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5
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Poulsen KM, Pho T, Champion JA, Payne CK. Automation and low-cost proteomics for characterization of the protein corona: experimental methods for big data. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:6543-6551. [PMID: 32500258 PMCID: PMC7483600 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02726-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles used in biological settings are exposed to proteins that adsorb on the surface forming a protein corona. These adsorbed proteins dictate the subsequent cellular response. A major challenge has been predicting what proteins will adsorb on a given nanoparticle surface. Instead, each new nanoparticle and nanoparticle modification must be tested experimentally to determine what proteins adsorb on the surface. We propose that any future predictive ability will depend on large datasets of protein-nanoparticle interactions. As a first step towards this goal, we have developed an automated workflow using a liquid handling robot to form and isolate protein coronas. As this workflow depends on magnetic separation steps, we test the ability to embed magnetic nanoparticles within a protein nanoparticle. These experiments demonstrate that magnetic separation could be used for any type of nanoparticle in which a magnetic core can be embedded. Higher-throughput corona characterization will also require lower-cost approaches to proteomics. We report a comparison of fast, low-cost, and standard, slower, higher-cost liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry to identify the protein corona. These methods will provide a step forward in the acquisition of the large datasets necessary to predict nanoparticle-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten M Poulsen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Thomas Pho
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Julie A Champion
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
| | - Christine K Payne
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
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6
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Padro D, Cienskowski P, Lopez-Fernandez S, Chakraborty I, Carrillo-Carrion C, Feliu N, Parak WJ, Carril M. Toward Diffusion Measurements of Colloidal Nanoparticles in Biological Environments by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Small 2020; 16:e2001160. [PMID: 32431081 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202001160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Protein corona formation on the surface of nanoparticles (NPs) is observed in situ by measuring diffusion coefficients of the NPs under the presence of proteins with a 19 F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) based methodology. Formation of a protein corona reduces the diffusion coefficient of the NPs, based on an increase in their effective hydrodynamic radii. With this methodology it is demonstrated that the apparent dissociation constant of protein-NP complexes may vary over at least nine orders of magnitude for different types of proteins, in line with the Vroman effect. Using this methodology, the interaction between one type of protein and one type of nanoparticle can be studied quantitatively. Due to the NMR-based detection, this methodology has no interference by absorption/scattering effects, by which optical detection schemes are affected. By using the potential of the NMR chemical shift, the detection of multiple 19 F signals simultaneously opens the possibility to study the diffusion of several NPs at the same time. The 19 F labeling of the NPs has negligible effect on their acute toxicity and moderate effect on NPs uptake by cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Padro
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 182, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
| | | | - Sonia Lopez-Fernandez
- Fundación Biofísica Bizkaia/Biofisika Bizkaia Fundazioa (FBB), Leioa, E-48940, Spain
- Instituto Biofisika UPV/EHU, CSIC, Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, Bizkaia, E-48940, Spain
| | | | - Carolina Carrillo-Carrion
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 182, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
| | - Neus Feliu
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, 20146, Germany
| | - Wolfgang J Parak
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 182, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
- Center for Hybrid Nanostructures, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, 20146, Germany
| | - Monica Carril
- Instituto Biofisika UPV/EHU, CSIC, Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, Bizkaia, E-48940, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, UPV/EHU, Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, Bizkaia, E-48940, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48013, Spain
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7
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Caputo D, Caracciolo G. Nanoparticle-enabled blood tests for early detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Lett 2020; 470:191-196. [PMID: 31783084 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is often detected too late to allow adequate treatments with the result that patients are condemned to sufferings and early death. Most efforts have been therefore aimed at identifying sensitive PDAC biomarkers. Although biomarkers have numerous advantages, sample size, intra-individual variability, existence of several biases and confounding variables and cost of investigation make their clinical application challenging. In recent years, nanotechnology is providing new options for early cancer detection. Among recent discoveries, the concept is emerging that the protein corona, i.e. the layer of plasma proteins that surrounds nanomaterials in bodily fluids, is personalized. In particular, the protein corona of cancer patients is significantly different from that of healthy individuals. Herein, we review this concept with a particular focus on clinical relevance. We also discuss the recently developed nanoparticle-enabled blood (NEB) tests that demonstrated to be promising in discriminating PDAC patients from healthy volunteers by global change of the nanoparticle-protein corona. We conclude with a critical discussion of research perspectives aimed at further improving the prediction ability of the test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Caputo
- Department of Surgery, University Campus-Biomedico di Roma, Via Alvaro Del Portillo 200, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulio Caracciolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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8
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Park M, Salem DP, Parviz D, Gong X, Silmore KS, Lew TTS, Khong DT, Ang MCY, Kwak SY, Chan-Park MB, Strano MS. Measuring the Accessible Surface Area within the Nanoparticle Corona Using Molecular Probe Adsorption. Nano Lett 2019; 19:7712-7724. [PMID: 31565943 PMCID: PMC7206615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The corona phase-the adsorbed layer of polymer, surfactant, or stabilizer molecules around a nanoparticle-is typically utilized to disperse nanoparticles into a solution or solid phase. However, this phase also controls molecular access to the nanoparticle surface, a property important for catalytic activity and sensor applications. Unfortunately, few methods can directly probe the structure of this corona phase, which is subcategorized as either a hard, immobile corona or a soft, transient corona in exchange with components in the bulk solution. In this work, we introduce a molecular probe adsorption (MPA) method for measuring the accessible nanoparticle surface area using a titration of a quenchable fluorescent molecule. For example, riboflavin is utilized to measure the surface area of gold nanoparticle standards, as well as corona phases on dispersed single-walled carbon nanotubes and graphene sheets. A material balance on the titration yields certain surface coverage parameters, including the ratio of the surface area to dissociation constant of the fluorophore, q/KD, as well as KD itself. Uncertainty, precision, and the correlation of these parameters across different experimental systems, preparations, and modalities are all discussed. Using MPA across a series of corona phases, we find that the Gibbs free energy of probe binding scales inversely with the cube root of surface area, q. In this way, MPA is the only technique to date capable of discerning critical structure-property relationships for such nanoparticle surface phases. Hence, MPA is a rapid quantitative technique that should prove useful for elucidating corona structure for nanoparticles across different systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyung Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Daniel P Salem
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Dorsa Parviz
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Xun Gong
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Kevin S Silmore
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Tedrick Thomas Salim Lew
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Duc Thinh Khong
- Disruptive & Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision IRG , Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology , 1 Create Way , Singapore 138602 , Singapore
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 62, Nanyang Drive , Singapore 637459 , Singapore
| | - Mervin Chun-Yi Ang
- Disruptive & Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision IRG , Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology , 1 Create Way , Singapore 138602 , Singapore
| | - Seon-Yeong Kwak
- Department of Biosystems and Biomaterials Science and Engineering , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Mary B Chan-Park
- Disruptive & Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision IRG , Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology , 1 Create Way , Singapore 138602 , Singapore
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 62, Nanyang Drive , Singapore 637459 , Singapore
| | - Michael S Strano
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
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9
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Abstract
Since the formation of protein corona inevitably leads to an increase in the particle size, it is important to develop technologies enabling in situ monitoring of the size change of nanoparticles. Traditional diffusion-based methods for particle size measurement focused on the translational diffusion coefficient; however, the detection sensitivity can be improved by determining the rotational diffusion coefficient, which has a cubic dependence on the particle radius. Here, using an optically anisotropic gold nanorod as the rotational probe and using high-speed dark-field microscopy, we can extract the rotational diffusion coefficient of a single nanorod and monitor the size change induced by the formation of protein corona in situ in real time. We successfully determined the thermodynamic parameters for the interactions between AuNRs with BSA and fibrinogen, and also studied corona formation in complex media and with AuNRs with different surface chemistry. This work would provide new avenues for the study of interactions between nanomedicines and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijian Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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10
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Papi M, Palmieri V, Digiacomo L, Giulimondi F, Palchetti S, Ciasca G, Perini G, Caputo D, Cartillone MC, Cascone C, Coppola R, Capriotti AL, Laganà A, Pozzi D, Caracciolo G. Converting the personalized biomolecular corona of graphene oxide nanoflakes into a high-throughput diagnostic test for early cancer detection. Nanoscale 2019; 11:15339-15346. [PMID: 31386742 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr01413f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Advances in nanotechnology are introducing the exciting possibility of cancer identification at early stages via analysis of the personalized biomolecular corona (BC), i.e. the dynamic "halo" of proteins that adsorbs onto NPs following exposure to patients' plasma. In this study, we develop a blood test for early cancer detection based on the characterization of the BC that forms around Graphene Oxide (GO) nanoflakes. Among its elective properties, GO binds low amounts of albumin, the most abundant protein in the blood and one of the most enriched proteins in the BC of many nanomaterials. This unique property of GO allows strong adsorption of poorly concentrated plasma proteins without abundant protein depletion. In our study, GO nanometric flakes have been used to analyze BCs from 50 subjects, half of them diagnosed with pancreatic cancer and half of them being healthy volunteers. Pancreatic cancer was chosen as the model of a high mortality disease with poor survival rates due to its delayed diagnosis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was applied to measure the diagnostic accuracy of the BC-based test. We obtained an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.96 and the test discriminated cancer patients from healthy subjects with a sensitivity of 92%. Finally, a double-blind validation was made using a second test dataset (10 healthy subjects + 10 pancreatic cancer patients) and it confirmed the results obtained on the first training dataset. Being highly accurate, fast, inexpensive and easy to perform, we believe that the BC-enabled blood test has the potential to become a turning point in early detection of cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Papi
- Istituto di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, Rome, Italy
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11
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Carrillo-Carrion C, Bocanegra AI, Arnaiz B, Feliu N, Zhu D, Parak WJ. Triple-Labeling of Polymer-Coated Quantum Dots and Adsorbed Proteins for Tracing their Fate in Cell Cultures. ACS Nano 2019; 13:4631-4639. [PMID: 30875468 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b00728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal CdSe/ZnS quantum dots were water solubilized by overcoating with an amphiphilic polymer. Human serum albumin (HSA) as a model protein was either adsorbed or chemically linked to the surface of the polymer-coated quantum dots. As the quantum dots are intrinsically fluorescent, and as the polymer coating and the HSA were fluorescent labeled, the final nanoparticle had three differently fluorescent components: the quantum dot core, the polymer shell, and the human serum albumin corona. Cells were incubated with these hybrid nanoparticles, and after removal of non-internalized nanoparticles, exocytosis of the three components of the nanoparticles was observed individually by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. The data indicate that HSA is partly transported with the underlying polymer-coated quantum dots into cells. Upon desorption of proteins, those initially adsorbed to the quantum dots remain longer inside cells compared to free proteins. Part of the polymer shell is released from the quantum dots by enzymatic degradation, which is on a slower time scale than protein desorption. Data are quantitatively analyzed, and experimental pitfalls, such as the impact of cell proliferation and fluorescence quenching, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Carrillo-Carrion
- CIC biomaGUNE , 20014 San Sebastian , Spain
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biológica y Materiales Moleculares (CiQUS) y Departamento de Física de Partículas , Universidad de Santiago de Compostela , 15782 Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | | | | | - Neus Feliu
- Fachbereich Physik und Chemie , Universität Hamburg , 22607 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Dingcheng Zhu
- Fachbereich Physik und Chemie , Universität Hamburg , 22607 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Wolfgang J Parak
- CIC biomaGUNE , 20014 San Sebastian , Spain
- Fachbereich Physik und Chemie , Universität Hamburg , 22607 Hamburg , Germany
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12
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Hadjidemetriou M, Al-Ahmady Z, Buggio M, Swift J, Kostarelos K. A novel scavenging tool for cancer biomarker discovery based on the blood-circulating nanoparticle protein corona. Biomaterials 2019; 188:118-129. [PMID: 30343255 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The prominent discrepancy between the significant investment towards plasma biomarker discovery and the very low number of biomarkers currently in clinical use stresses the need for discovery technologies. The discovery of protein biomarkers present in human blood by proteomics is tremendously challenging, owing to the large dynamic concentration range of blood proteins. Here, we describe the use of blood-circulating lipid-based nanoparticles (NPs) as a scavenging tool to comprehensively analyse the blood proteome. We aimed to exploit the spontaneous interaction of NPs with plasma proteins once injected in the bloodstream, known as 'protein corona', in order to facilitate the capture of tumor-specific molecules. We employed two different tumor models, a subcutaneous melanoma model (B16-F10) and human lung carcinoma xenograft model (A549) and comprehensively compared by mass spectrometry the in vivo protein coronas formed onto clinically used liposomes, intravenously administered in healthy and tumor-bearing mice. The results obtained demonstrated that blood-circulating liposomes surface-capture and amplify a wide range of different proteins including low molecular weight (MW) and low abundant tumor specific proteins (intracellular products of tissue leakage) that could not be detected by plasma analysis, performed in comparison. Most strikingly, the NP (liposomal) corona formed in the xenograft model was found to consist of murine host response proteins, as well as human proteins released from the inoculated and growing human cancer cells. This study offers direct evidence that the in vivo NP protein corona could be deemed as a valuable tool to enrich the blood proteomic analysis and to allow the discovery of potential biomarkers in experimental disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Hadjidemetriou
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, AV Hill Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Zahraa Al-Ahmady
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, AV Hill Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Maurizio Buggio
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, AV Hill Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Joe Swift
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Biological, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Kostas Kostarelos
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, AV Hill Building, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom.
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13
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Simon J, Müller J, Ghazaryan A, Morsbach S, Mailänder V, Landfester K. Protein denaturation caused by heat inactivation detrimentally affects biomolecular corona formation and cellular uptake. Nanoscale 2018; 10:21096-21105. [PMID: 30427359 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr07424k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption of blood proteins to the surface of nanocarriers is known to be the critical factor influencing cellular interactions and eventually determining the successful application of nanocarriers as drug carriers in vivo. There is an increasing number of reports summarizing large data sets of all identified corona proteins. However, to date our knowledge about the multiple mechanisms mediating interactions between proteins and nanocarriers is still limited. In this study, we investigate the influence of protein structure on the adsorption process and focus on the effect of heat inactivation of serum and plasma, which is a common cell culture procedure used to inactivate the complement system. As in general routine lab procedure, heat inactivation was performed at 56 °C for 30 min in order to denature heat labile proteins. When nanocarriers were exposed to native versus heat inactivated serum, we saw that the cellular uptake by macrophages was significantly affected. These results were then correlated with an altered corona composition that depended on the treatment of the protein source. In summary, we were able to prove that the protein structure is one of the key parameters determining protein corona formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Simon
- Dermatology Clinic, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
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14
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Pareek V, Bhargava A, Bhanot V, Gupta R, Jain N, Panwar J. Formation and Characterization of Protein Corona Around Nanoparticles: A Review. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2018; 18:6653-6670. [PMID: 29954482 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2018.15766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed unprecedented increase in the use of nanoparticles in various sectors viz. electronics, catalysis, agriculture, textile, cosmetics, bio-medicine, packaging, house-holds and food-associated consumer products. This has led to the inevitable release of nanoparticles into the environment, which can have negative impact on living beings. Humans can also be exposed to these nanoparticles either intentionally or accidently. Nanoparticles can enter in the human body through food chain, inhalation, open wounds, drugs and intravenous injections etc. In majority of these cases, the nanoparticles may pass through the various cell layers, cell sap and finally enter into the blood. Upon interaction with biological fluid, nanoparticles come in close proximity particularly to the proteins present in the fluid. The assembly of proteins surrounding the nanoparticle's surface is called as protein corona and their complex is known as protein-nanoparticle complex. Formation of protein corona is a vibrant and driving process, which plays a pivotal role in the functioning of nanoparticles in biological systems. Moreover, due to interaction of proteins with nanoparticles, conformational changes may occur in the native structure of protein, which may lead to change in the functioning of proteins towards its cellular interaction. The present review provides in-depth knowledge about the formation of protein corona around nanoparticles and the factors regulating this process. Further, it discusses various techniques that can be used for the protein corona analysis and obtaining information about molecular consequences upon nanoparticle's exposure. Finally, the functional aspects of protein-nanoparticle complex have been discussed in detail. In-depth understanding of protein-nanoparticles complex can be instrumental to generate well-suited nanoparticles with desired surface characteristics in the way to biological application.
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15
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Riley KR, Sims CM, Wood IT, Vanderah DJ, Walker ML. Short-chained oligo(ethylene oxide)-functionalized gold nanoparticles: realization of significant protein resistance. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:145-154. [PMID: 29085987 PMCID: PMC5763551 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0704-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Protein corona formed on nanomaterial surfaces play an important role in the bioavailability and cellular uptake of nanomaterials. Modification of surfaces with oligoethylene glycols (OEG) are a common way to improve the resistivity of nanomaterials to protein adsorption. Short-chain ethylene oxide (EO) oligomers have been shown to improve the protein resistance of planar Au surfaces. We describe the application of these EO oligomers for improved protein resistance of 30 nm spherical gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Functionalized AuNPs were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential measurements. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) was used for separation and quantitation of AuNPs and AuNP-protein mixtures. Specifically, nonequilibrium capillary electrophoresis of equilibrium mixtures (NECEEM) was employed for the determination of equilibrium and rate constants for binding between citrate-stabilized AuNPs and two model proteins, lysozyme and fibrinogen. Semi-quantitative CE analysis was carried out for mixtures of EO-functionalized AuNPs and proteins, and results demonstrated a 2.5-fold to 10-fold increase in protein binding resistance to lysozyme depending on the AuNP surface functionalization and a 15-fold increase in protein binding resistance to fibrinogen for both EO oligomers examined in this study. Graphical abstract Using capillary electrophoresis, the addition of short-chained oligo(ethylene oxide) ligands to gold nanoparticles was shown to improve protein binding resistance up to 15-fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn R Riley
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, 19081, USA.
| | - Christopher M Sims
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
| | - Imani T Wood
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
- University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, 501 D. W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - David J Vanderah
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research (IBBR), Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Marlon L Walker
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
- Hollings Manufacturing Extension Partnership, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
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16
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Solorio-Rodríguez A, Escamilla-Rivera V, Uribe-Ramírez M, Chagolla A, Winkler R, García-Cuellar CM, De Vizcaya-Ruiz A. A comparison of the human and mouse protein corona profiles of functionalized SiO 2 nanocarriers. Nanoscale 2017; 9:13651-13660. [PMID: 28875999 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr04685e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles are a promising cancer therapy for their use as drug carriers given their versatile functionalization with polyethylene glycol and proteins that can be recognized by overexpressed receptors in tumor cells. However, it has been suggested that in biological fluids, proteins cover nanoparticles, which gives the proteins a biological identity that could be responsible for unexpected biological responses: the so-called protein corona. A relevant biological event that is usually ignored in protein-corona formation is the interspecies differences in protein binding, which can be involved in the discrepancies observed in preclinical studies and the nanoparticle safety and efficiency. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine the differences between human and mouse plasma protein corona profiles in an active therapy model using silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO2 nanoparticles) functionalized with polyethylene glycol and transferrin. Functionalized SiO2 nanoparticles were made with a primary particle size of 25 nm and a transferrin content of 50 μg mg-1 of nanoparticles and were PEGylated with a cross-linker. The proteomic analysis by nanoliquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (nanoLC-MS/MS) showed interspecies differences. The most abundant proteins found in the human protein corona profile were immunoglobulins, actin cytoplasmic 1, hemoglobin subunit beta, serotransferrin, ficolin-3, complement C3, and apolipoprotein A-1. Meanwhile, the mouse protein corona adsorbed the serine protease inhibitor A3K, serotransferrin, alpha-1-antitrypsin 1-2, hemoglobin subunit beta, and fibrinogen gamma and beta chains. These protein-corona profile differences in the functionalized SiO2 nanoparticles indicate that biological responses observed in in vivo models could not be translated to clinical use and must be considered in the interpretation of preclinical trials in order to design more efficient and safer nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Solorio-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Toxicología. Cinvestav-IPN, Unidad Zacatenco, Mexico DF, Mexico.
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17
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Raghavendra AJ, Fritz K, Fu S, Brown JM, Podila R, Shannahan JH. Variations in biocorona formation related to defects in the structure of single walled carbon nanotubes and the hyperlipidemic disease state. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8382. [PMID: 28814800 PMCID: PMC5559455 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08896-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Ball-milling utilizes mechanical stress to modify properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) including size, capping, and functionalization. Ball-milling, however, may introduce structural defects resulting in altered CNT-biomolecule interactions. Nanomaterial-biomolecule interactions result in the formation of the biocorona (BC), which alters nanomaterial properties, function, and biological responses. The formation of the BC is governed by the nanomaterial physicochemical properties and the physiological environment. Underlying disease states such as cardiovascular disease can alter the biological milieu possibly leading to unique BC identities. In this ex vivo study, we evaluated variations in the formation of the BC on single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) due to physicochemical alterations in structure resulting from ball-milling and variations in the environment due to the high-cholesterol disease state. Increased ball-milling time of SWCNTs resulted in enhanced structural defects. Following incubation in normal mouse serum, label-free quantitative proteomics identified differences in the biomolecular content of the BC due to the ball-milling process. Further, incubation in cholesterol-rich mouse serum resulted in the formation of unique BCs compared to SWCNTs incubated in normal serum. Our study demonstrates that the BC is modified due to physicochemical modifications such as defects induced by ball-milling and physiological disease conditions, which may result in variable biological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achyut J Raghavendra
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 29634, USA
- Clemson Nanomaterials Center and COMSET, Clemson University, Anderson, South Carolina, 29625, USA
| | - Kristofer Fritz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA
| | - Sherleen Fu
- School of Health Sciences, College of Human and Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Jared M Brown
- Colorado Center for Nanomedicine and Nanosafety, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, 80045, USA
| | - Ramakrishna Podila
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 29634, USA.
- Clemson Nanomaterials Center and COMSET, Clemson University, Anderson, South Carolina, 29625, USA.
| | - Jonathan H Shannahan
- School of Health Sciences, College of Human and Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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18
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Jayaram DT, Runa S, Kemp ML, Payne CK. Nanoparticle-induced oxidation of corona proteins initiates an oxidative stress response in cells. Nanoscale 2017; 9:7595-7601. [PMID: 28537609 PMCID: PMC5703216 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr09500c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs), used as pigments and photocatalysts, are ubiquitous in our daily lives. Previous work has observed cellular oxidative stress in response to the UV-excitation of photocatalytic TiO2 NPs. In comparison, most human exposure to TiO2 NPs takes place in the dark, in the lung following inhalation or in the gut following consumption of TiO2 NP food pigment. Our spectroscopic characterization shows that both photocatalytic and food grade TiO2 NPs, in the dark, generate low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), specifically hydroxyl radicals and superoxides. These ROS oxidize serum proteins that form a corona of proteins on the NP surface. This protein layer is the interface between the NP and the cell. An oxidized protein corona triggers an oxidative stress response, detected with PCR and western blotting. Surface modification of TiO2 NPs to increase or decrease surface defects correlates with ROS generation and oxidative stress, suggesting that NP surface defects, likely oxygen vacancies, are the underlying cause of TiO2 NP-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanya T Jayaram
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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19
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Abstract
It is now well understood that once in contact with biological fluids, nanoscale objects lose their original identity and acquire a new biological character, referred to as a protein corona. The protein corona changes many of the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles, including size, surface charge, and aggregation state. These changes, in turn, affect the biological fate of nanoparticles, including their pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and therapeutic efficacy. It is progressively being accepted that even slight variations in the composition of a protein source (e.g., plasma and serum) can substantially change the composition of the corona formed on the surface of the exact same nanoparticles. Recently it has been shown that the protein corona is strongly affected by the patient's specific disease. Therefore, the same nanomaterial incubated with plasma proteins of patients with different pathologies adsorb protein coronas with different compositions, giving rise to the concept of personalized protein corona. Herein, we review this concept along with recent advances on the topic, with a particular focus on clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Corbo
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Roberto Molinaro
- Center for Biomimetic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mateen Tabatabaei
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Omid C Farokhzad
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. and King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Morteza Mahmoudi
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. and Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Caputo D, Papi M, Coppola R, Palchetti S, Digiacomo L, Caracciolo G, Pozzi D. A protein corona-enabled blood test for early cancer detection. Nanoscale 2017; 9:349-354. [PMID: 27924334 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr05609a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a very aggressive malignancy that is often diagnosed in the advanced stages, with the implication that long-term survivors are extremely rare. Thus, developing new methods for the early detection of pancreatic cancer is an urgent task for current research. To date, nanotechnology offers unprecedented opportunities for cancer therapeutics and diagnosis. The aim of this study is the development of a new pancreatic cancer diagnostic technology based on the exploitation of the nano-bio-interactions between nanoparticles and blood samples. In this study, blood samples from 20 pancreatic cancer patients and 5 patients without malignancy were allowed to interact with designed lipid nanoparticles, leading to the formation of a hard "protein corona" at the nanoparticle surface. After isolation, the protein patterns were characterized by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE). We found that the protein corona of pancreatic cancer patients was much more enriched than that of healthy individuals. Statistical analysis of SDS-PAGE results allowed us to discriminate between healthy and pancreatic cancer patients with a total discriminate correctness rate of 88%.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Caputo
- University Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128, Rome, Italy
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21
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Xu M, Zhu J, Wang F, Xiong Y, Wu Y, Wang Q, Weng J, Zhang Z, Chen W, Liu S. Improved In Vitro and In Vivo Biocompatibility of Graphene Oxide through Surface Modification: Poly(Acrylic Acid)-Functionalization is Superior to PEGylation. ACS Nano 2016; 10:3267-3281. [PMID: 26855010 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The unique physicochemical properties of two-dimensional (2D) graphene oxide (GO) could greatly benefit the biomedical field; however, recent research demonstrated that GO could induce in vitro and in vivo toxicity. We determined the mechanism of GO induced toxicity, and our in vitro experiments revealed that pristine GO could impair cell membrane integrity and functions including regulation of membrane- and cytoskeleton-associated genes, membrane permeability, fluidity and ion channels. Furthermore, GO induced platelet depletion, pro-inflammatory response and pathological changes of lung and liver in mice. To improve the biocompatibility of pristine GO, we prepared a series of GO derivatives including aminated GO (GO-NH2), poly(acrylamide)-functionalized GO (GO-PAM), poly(acrylic acid)-functionalized GO (GO-PAA) and poly(ethylene glycol)-functionalized GO (GO-PEG), and compared their toxicity with pristine GO in vitro and in vivo. Among these GO derivatives, GO-PEG and GO-PAA induced less toxicity than pristine GO, and GO-PAA was the most biocompatible one in vitro and in vivo. The differences in biocompatibility were due to the differential compositions of protein corona, especially immunoglobulin G (IgG), formed on their surfaces that determine their cell membrane interaction and cellular uptake, the extent of platelet depletion in blood, thrombus formation under short-term exposure and the pro-inflammatory effects under long-term exposure. Overall, our combined data delineated the key molecular mechanisms underlying the in vivo and in vitro biological behaviors and toxicity of pristine GO, and identified a safer GO derivative that could be used for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jianqiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology , Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Fanfan Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yunjing Xiong
- Research Center of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yakun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
| | - Qiuquan Wang
- Research Center of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jian Weng
- Research Center of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology , Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Wei Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
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22
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Bigdeli A, Palchetti S, Pozzi D, Hormozi-Nezhad MR, Baldelli Bombelli F, Caracciolo G, Mahmoudi M. Exploring Cellular Interactions of Liposomes Using Protein Corona Fingerprints and Physicochemical Properties. ACS Nano 2016; 10:3723-37. [PMID: 26882007 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
To control liposomes fate and transport upon contact with biofluids, it is essential to consider several parameters affecting the synthetic and biological identity of liposomes, as well as liposome-protein corona (PC) aspects. As a powerful tool in this data mining adventure, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) approach is used to correlate physicochemical properties of liposomes and their PC fingerprints to multiple quantified biological responses. In the present study, the relationship between cellular interactions of a set of structurally diverse liposomal formulations and their physicochemical and PC properties has been investigated via linear and nonlinear QSAR models. Significant parameters affecting cellular uptake and cell viability of liposomes in two important cancer cell lines (PC3 and HeLa) have been identified. The developed QSARs have the capacity to be implemented in advanced targeted delivery of liposomal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arafeh Bigdeli
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology , Tehran 1113658639, Iran
| | - Sara Palchetti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome , Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Daniela Pozzi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome , Rome 00185, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Baldelli Bombelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering Giulio Natta, Politecnico di Milano , Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Giulio Caracciolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome , Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Morteza Mahmoudi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran 1316943551, Iran
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California 94305, United States
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23
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Raesch SS, Tenzer S, Storck W, Rurainski A, Selzer D, Ruge CA, Perez-Gil J, Schaefer UF, Lehr CM. Proteomic and Lipidomic Analysis of Nanoparticle Corona upon Contact with Lung Surfactant Reveals Differences in Protein, but Not Lipid Composition. ACS Nano 2015; 9:11872-85. [PMID: 26575243 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b04215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary surfactant (PS) constitutes the first line of host defense in the deep lung. Because of its high content of phospholipids and surfactant specific proteins, the interaction of inhaled nanoparticles (NPs) with the pulmonary surfactant layer is likely to form a corona that is different to the one formed in plasma. Here we present a detailed lipidomic and proteomic analysis of NP corona formation using native porcine surfactant as a model. We analyzed the adsorbed biomolecules in the corona of three NP with different surface properties (PEG-, PLGA-, and Lipid-NP) after incubation with native porcine surfactant. Using label-free shotgun analysis for protein and LC-MS for lipid analysis, we quantitatively determined the corona composition. Our results show a conserved lipid composition in the coronas of all investigated NPs regardless of their surface properties, with only hydrophilic PEG-NPs adsorbing fewer lipids in total. In contrast, the analyzed NP displayed a marked difference in the protein corona, consisting of up to 417 different proteins. Among the proteins showing significant differences between the NP coronas, there was a striking prevalence of molecules with a notoriously high lipid and surface binding, such as, e.g., SP-A, SP-D, DMBT1. Our data indicate that the selective adsorption of proteins mediates the relatively similar lipid pattern in the coronas of different NPs. On the basis of our lipidomic and proteomic analysis, we provide a detailed set of quantitative data on the composition of the surfactant corona formed upon NP inhalation, which is unique and markedly different to the plasma corona.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Sebastian Raesch
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University , 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
- HIPS - Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland , Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Stefan Tenzer
- Institute of Immunology, Mainz University , 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Wiebke Storck
- Institute of Immunology, Mainz University , 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexander Rurainski
- Scientific Consilience GmbH, Saarland University , 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Dominik Selzer
- Scientific Consilience GmbH, Saarland University , 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
| | | | - Jesus Perez-Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University , 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University , 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
- HIPS - Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland , Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
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24
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Bai Y, Xing H, Wu P, Feng X, Hwang K, Lee JM, Phang XY, Lu Y, Zimmerman SC. Chemical Control over Cellular Uptake of Organic Nanoparticles by Fine Tuning Surface Functional Groups. ACS Nano 2015; 9:10227-36. [PMID: 26327513 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b03909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The functional groups displayed on the surface of nanoparticles (NP) are known to play an important role in NP cellular uptake. However, only a few systematic studies have been reported to address their role, in large part because of the difficulty in regularly varying the number and structure of the functional groups on the NP surface. We employ a bottom-up strategy for the synthesis of water-soluble organic nanoparticles (ONPs) with different sizes and functional groups, using readily available monomers. Utilizing flow cytometry, we measured the HeLa cell uptake efficiency of ONPs that contain side-chains with a different (a) length, (b) number of hydroxyl groups, and (c) number of methyl groups. We have also investigated ONPs with the same functional groups but different sizes. The potential formation and influence of protein corona was examined using the same approach but in the presence of serum. The results demonstrate that under both serum and serum-free conditions the surface-exposed functional groups determine the efficiency of cellular uptake of the particles, and that the trend can be partially predicted by the lipophilicity of the polymeric ONP's repeating units. Also, by using a "masking" strategy, these particles' cellular uptake behavior could be altered conveniently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugang Bai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Hang Xing
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Peiwen Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Xinxin Feng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Kevin Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jennifer M Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Xin Yi Phang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Steven C Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Pozzi D, Caracciolo G, Digiacomo L, Colapicchioni V, Palchetti S, Capriotti AL, Cavaliere C, Zenezini Chiozzi R, Puglisi A, Laganà A. The biomolecular corona of nanoparticles in circulating biological media. Nanoscale 2015; 7:13958-13966. [PMID: 26222625 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr03701h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
When nanoparticles come into contact with biological media, they are covered by a biomolecular 'corona', which confers a new identity to the particles. In all the studies reported so far nanoparticles are incubated with isolated plasma or serum that are used as a model for protein adsorption. Anyway, bodily fluids are dynamic in nature so the question arises on whether the incubation protocol, i.e. dynamic vs. static incubation, could affect the composition and structure of the biomolecular corona. Here we let multicomponent liposomes interact with fetal bovine serum (FBS) both statically and dynamically, i.e. in contact with circulating FBS (≈40 cm s(-1)). The structure and composition of the liposome-protein corona, as determined by dynamic light scattering, electrophoretic light scattering and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, were found to be dependent on the incubation protocol. Specifically, following dynamic exposure to FBS, multicomponent liposomes were less enriched in complement proteins and appreciably more enriched in apolipoproteins and acute phase proteins (e.g. alpha-1-antitrypsin and inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H3) that are involved in relevant interactions between nanoparticles and living systems. Supported by our results, we speculate that efficient predictive modeling of nanoparticle behavior in vivo will require accurate knowledge of nanoparticle-specific protein fingerprints in circulating biological media.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pozzi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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26
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Zheng T, Pierre-Pierre N, Yan X, Huo Q, Almodovar AJO, Valerio F, Rivera-Ramirez I, Griffith E, Decker DD, Chen S, Zhu N. Gold nanoparticle-enabled blood test for early stage cancer detection and risk assessment. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:6819-27. [PMID: 25757512 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
When citrate ligands-capped gold nanoparticles are mixed with blood sera, a protein corona is formed on the nanoparticle surface due to the adsorption of various proteins in the blood to the nanoparticles. Using a two-step gold nanoparticle-enabled dynamic light scattering assay, we discovered that the amount of human immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the gold nanoparticle protein corona is increased in prostate cancer patients compared to noncancer controls. Two pilot studies conducted on blood serum samples collected at Florida Hospital and obtained from Prostate Cancer Biorespository Network (PCBN) revealed that the test has a 90-95% specificity and 50% sensitivity in detecting early stage prostate cancer, representing a significant improvement over the current PSA test. The increased amount of human IgG found in the protein corona is believed to be associated with the autoantibodies produced in cancer patients as part of the immunodefense against tumor. Proteomic analysis of the nanoparticle protein corona revealed molecular profile differences between cancer and noncancer serum samples. Autoantibodies and natural antibodies produced in cancer patients in response to tumorigenesis have been found and detected in the blood of many cancer types. The test may be applicable for early detection and risk assessment of a broad spectrum of cancer. This new blood test is simple, low cost, requires only a few drops of blood sample, and the results are obtained within minutes. The test is well suited for screening purpose. More extensive studies are being conducted to further evaluate and validate the clinical potential of the new test.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alvin J O Almodovar
- ∥Florida Hospital Cancer Institute, Research and Development, 2501 North Orange Avenue, Suite 247, Orlando, Florida 32804, United States
| | - Felipe Valerio
- ∥Florida Hospital Cancer Institute, Research and Development, 2501 North Orange Avenue, Suite 247, Orlando, Florida 32804, United States
| | - Inoel Rivera-Ramirez
- ∥Florida Hospital Cancer Institute, Research and Development, 2501 North Orange Avenue, Suite 247, Orlando, Florida 32804, United States
| | - Elizabeth Griffith
- ∥Florida Hospital Cancer Institute, Research and Development, 2501 North Orange Avenue, Suite 247, Orlando, Florida 32804, United States
| | - David D Decker
- ∥Florida Hospital Cancer Institute, Research and Development, 2501 North Orange Avenue, Suite 247, Orlando, Florida 32804, United States
| | - Sixue Chen
- ⊥Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Ning Zhu
- ⊥Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
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