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Mondino A, Ludwig C, Menchaca C, Russell K, Simon KE, Griffith E, Kis A, Lascelles BDX, Gruen ME, Olby NJ. Development and validation of a sleep questionnaire, SNoRE 3.0, to evaluate sleep in companion dogs. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13340. [PMID: 37587172 PMCID: PMC10432410 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40048-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Disturbances in the sleep-wake cycle are a debilitating, yet rather common condition not only in humans, but also in family dogs. While there is an emerging need for easy-to-use tools to document sleep alterations (in order to ultimately treat and/or prevent them), the veterinary tools which yield objective data (e.g. polysomnography, activity monitors) are both labor intensive and expensive. In this study, we developed a modified version of a previously used sleep questionnaire (SNoRE) and determined criterion validity in companion dogs against polysomnography and physical activity monitors (PAMs). Since a negative correlation between sleep time and cognitive performance in senior dogs has been demonstrated, we evaluated the correlation between the SNoRE scores and the Canine Dementia Scale (CADES, which includes a factor concerning sleep). There was a significant correlation between SNoRE 3.0 questionnaire scores and polysomnography data (latency to NREM sleep, ρ = 0.507, p < 0.001) as well as PAMs' data (activity between 1:00 and 3:00 AM, p < 0.05). There was a moderate positive correlation between the SNoRE 3.0 scores and the CADES scores (ρ = 0.625, p < 0.001). Additionally, the questionnaire structure was validated by a confirmatory factor analysis, and it also showed an adequate test-retest reliability. In conclusion the present paper describes a valid and reliable questionnaire tool, that can be used as a cost-effective way to monitor dog sleep in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mondino
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - C Ludwig
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - C Menchaca
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - K Russell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - K E Simon
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - E Griffith
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - A Kis
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - B D X Lascelles
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
- Translational Research in Pain, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - M E Gruen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - N J Olby
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA.
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2
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Rogers SJ, Stahmer A, Talbott M, Young G, Fuller E, Pellecchia M, Barber A, Griffith E. Feasibility of delivering parent-implemented NDBI interventions in low-resource regions: a pilot randomized controlled study. J Neurodev Disord 2022; 14:3. [PMID: 34986782 PMCID: PMC8903494 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-021-09410-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This implementation feasibility study was conducted to determine whether an evidence-based parent-implemented distance-learning intervention model for young children at high likelihood of having ASD could be implemented at fidelity by Part C community providers and by parents in low-resource communities. METHODS The study used a community-academic partnership model to adapt an evidence-based intervention tested in the current pilot trial involving randomization by agency in four states and enrollment of 35 coaches and 34 parent-family dyads. After baseline data were gathered, providers in the experimental group received 12-15 h of training while control providers received six webinars on early development. Providers delivered 6 months of intervention with children-families, concluding with data collection. Regression analyses were used to model outcomes of the coach behaviors, the parent fidelity ratings, and child outcomes. RESULTS A block design model-building approach was used to test the null model followed by the inclusion of group as a predictor, and finally the inclusion of the planned covariates. Model fit was examined using changes in R2 and F-statistic. As hypothesized, results demonstrated significant gains in (1) experimental provider fidelity of coaching implementation compared to the control group; and (2) experimental parent fidelity of implementation compared to the control group. There were no significant differences between groups on child developmental scores. CONCLUSIONS Even though the experimental parent group averaged less than 30 min of intervention weekly with providers in the 6 months, both providers and parents demonstrated statistically significant gains on the fidelity of implementation scores with moderate effect sizes compared to control groups. Since child changes in parent-mediated models are dependent upon the parents' ability to deliver the intervention, and since parent delivery is dependent upon providers who are coaching the parents, these results demonstrated that two of these three links of the chain were positively affected by the experimental implementation model. However, a lack of significant differences in child group gains suggests that further work is needed on this model. Factors to consider include the amount of contact with the provider, the amount of practice children experience, the amount of contact both providers and parents spend on training materials, and motivational strategies for parents, among others. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registry of Efficacy and Effectiveness Studies: #4360, registered 1xx, October, 2020 - Retrospectively registered, https://sreereg.icpsr.umich.edu/sreereg/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally J Rogers
- Department of Psychiatry Behavioral Sciences, MIND Institute, University California Davis, Davis, USA.
| | - Aubyn Stahmer
- Department of Psychiatry Behavioral Sciences, MIND Institute, University California Davis, Davis, USA
| | - Meagan Talbott
- Department of Psychiatry Behavioral Sciences, MIND Institute, University California Davis, Davis, USA
| | - Gregory Young
- Department of Psychiatry Behavioral Sciences, MIND Institute, University California Davis, Davis, USA
| | - Elizabeth Fuller
- Department of Psychiatry Behavioral Sciences, MIND Institute, University California Davis, Davis, USA
| | - Melanie Pellecchia
- Perelman School of Medicine, Center for Mental Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Angela Barber
- Department of Communicative Disorders, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, USA
| | - Elizabeth Griffith
- Department of Developmental Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Boulder, USA
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Okda FA, Griffith E, Sakr A, Nelson E, Webby R. New Diagnostic Assays for Differential Diagnosis Between the Two Distinct Lineages of Bovine Influenza D Viruses and Human Influenza C Viruses. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:605704. [PMID: 33363244 PMCID: PMC7759653 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.605704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza D virus (IDV), a novel orthomyxovirus, is currently emerging in cattle worldwide. It shares >50% sequence similarity with the human influenza C virus (HICV). Two clades of IDV are currently co-circulating in cattle herds in the U.S. New assays specific for each lineage are needed for accurate surveillance. Also, differential diagnosis between zoonotic human influenza C virus and the two clades of IDV are important to assess the zoonotic potential of IDV. We developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on two different epitopes HEF and NP and four peptides, and fluorescent focus neutralization assay to differentiate between IDV bovine and swine clades. Calf sera were obtained, and bovine samples underwent surveillance. Our results highlight the importance of position 215 with 212 in determining the heterogeneity between the two lineages. We needed IFA and FFN for tissue culture-based analysis and a BSL2 facility for analyzing virus interactions. Unfortunately, these are not available in many veterinary centers. Hence, our second aim was to develop an iELISA using specific epitopes to detect two lineages of IDVs simultaneously. Epitope-iELISA accurately detects neutralizing and non-neutralizing antibodies against the IDV in non-BSL2 laboratories and veterinary clinics and is cost-effective and sensitive. To differentiate between IDVs and HICVs, whole antigen blocking, polypeptides, and single-peptide ELISAs were developed. A panel of ferret sera against both viruses was used. Results suggested that both IDV and ICV had a common ancestor, and IDV poses a zoonotic risk to individuals with prior or current exposure to cattle. IDV peptides IANAGVK (286-292 aa), KTDSGR (423-428 aa), and RTLTPAT (448-455 aa) could differentiate between the two viruses, whereas peptide AESSVNPGAKPQV (203-215 aa) detected the presence of IDV in human sera but could not deny that it could be ICV, because the only two conserved influenza C peptides shared 52% sequence similarity with IDV and cross-reacted with IDV. However, blocking ELISAs differentiated between the two viruses. Diagnostic tools and assays to differentiate between ICV and IDV are required for serological and epidemiological analysis to clarify the complexity and evolution and eliminate misdiagnosis between ICV and IDV in human samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faten A Okda
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States.,Veterinary Division, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Elizabeth Griffith
- Department of Chemical and Therapeutic, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Ahmed Sakr
- Department of Business Administration and Management, Dakota State University, Madison, SD, United States
| | - Eric Nelson
- Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences Department, Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - Richard Webby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
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Chiu JC, Ajmal S, Zhu X, Griffith E, Encarnacion T, Barr L. Radioactive Seed Localization of Nonpalpable Breast Lesions in an Academic Comprehensive Cancer Program Community Hospital Setting. Am Surg 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/000313481408000722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Wire localized excision (WLE) has been a long-standing method for localization of nonpalpable breast lesions. Disadvantages of this method include difficulty locating the wire tip in relation to borders of the lesion, imprecise placement of the wire, and the need to place the wire shortly before scheduled surgery. These shortcomings may lead to a high positive margin rate requiring re-excision to obtain clear margins for breast cancer. Radioactive seed localized excision (RSLE) of nonpalpable breast lesions has been advocated as a safe and effective alternative to WLE. The primary endpoints of the study were to compare re-excision rates between WLE and RSLE of nonpalpable breast lesions and to determine if there were any differences in volume of tissue removed. One hundred three patients were included in a retrospective review of localized breast excisions done by a single surgeon. Forty-four patients underwent WLE between April 2007 and February 2009. Fifty-nine patients underwent RSLE between September 2009 and January 2012. Margins were considered to be clear if at least 1 mm of normal tissue was obtained from the circumferential periphery of the lesion in question. RSLE resulted in a re-excision rate of 17 versus 55 per cent re-excision rate for wire localization ( P < 0.001). Excision volume was greater for patients having wire localization ( P = 0.074). RSLE is an effective technique for excision of non-palpable breast lesions in the community setting. This technique allows for accurate localization and appears to allow for smaller volume of tissue to be excised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C. Chiu
- From the Florida Hospital Cancer Institute, Orlando, Florida
| | - Saira Ajmal
- From the Florida Hospital Cancer Institute, Orlando, Florida
| | - Xiang Zhu
- From the Florida Hospital Cancer Institute, Orlando, Florida
| | | | | | - Louis Barr
- From the Florida Hospital Cancer Institute, Orlando, Florida
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriel Boals
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
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Ling T, Miller DJ, Lang WH, Griffith E, Rodriguez-Cortes A, El Ayachi I, Palacios G, Min J, Miranda-Carboni G, Lee RE, Rivas F. Mechanistic Insight on the Mode of Action of Colletoic Acid. J Med Chem 2019; 62:6925-6940. [PMID: 31294974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The natural product colletoic acid (CA) is a selective inhibitor of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1), which primarily converts cortisone to the active glucocorticoid (GC) cortisol. Here, CA's mode of action and its potential as a chemical tool to study intracellular GC signaling in adipogenesis are disclosed. 11β-HSD1 biochemical studies of CA indicated that its functional groups at C-1, C-4, and C-9 were important for enzymatic activity; an X-ray crystal structure of 11β-HSD1 bound to CA at 2.6 Å resolution revealed the nature of those interactions, namely, a close-fitting and favorable interactions between the constrained CA spirocycle and the catalytic triad of 11β-HSD1. Structure-activity relationship studies culminated in the development of a superior CA analogue with improved target engagement. Furthermore, we demonstrate that CA selectively inhibits preadipocyte differentiation through 11β-HSD1 inhibition, suppressing other relevant key drivers of adipogenesis (i.e., PPARγ, PGC-1α), presumably by negatively modulating the glucocorticoid signaling pathway. The combined findings provide an in-depth evaluation of the mode of action of CA and its potential as a tool compound to study adipose tissue and its implications in metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ikbale El Ayachi
- Department of Medicine , The University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis , Tennessee 38163 , United States
| | | | | | - Gustavo Miranda-Carboni
- Department of Medicine , The University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis , Tennessee 38163 , United States
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Arnoletti JP, Fanaian N, Reza J, Sause R, Almodovar AJ, Srivastava M, Patel S, Veldhuis PP, Griffith E, Shao YP, Zhu X, Litherland SA. Pancreatic and bile duct cancer circulating tumor cells (CTC) form immune-resistant multi-cell type clusters in the portal venous circulation. Cancer Biol Ther 2018; 19:887-897. [PMID: 30067440 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2018.1480292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTC) enter the blood from many carcinomas and represent a likely source of metastatic dissemination. In contrast to the peripheral circulation, KRAS mutation- positive CTC thrive in the portal venous blood of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). To analyze the essential interactions that contribute to carcinoma CTC growth and immune resistance, portal venous blood was collected during pancreatico-duodenectomy in 41 patients with peri-ampullary pathologies (PDAC = 11; ampullary adenocarcinoma (AA) = 15; distal cholangiocarcinoma (CC) = 6; IPMN = 7; non-malignant pancreatitis = 2). FACS-isolated cell populations from the portal circulation were reconstituted ex vivo using mixed cell reaction cultures (MCR). During the first 48hr, PDAC, AA, and CC patient CTC were all highly proliferative (mean 1.7 hr/cell cycle, 61.5% ± 20% growing cells) and resistant to apoptosis (mean 39% ± 25% apoptotic cells). PDAC CTC proliferation and resistance to T cell cytotoxicity were decreased among patients who received pre-operative chemotherapy (p = 0.0019, p = 0.0191, respectively). After 7 days in culture, CTC from PDAC, CC, and AA patients recruited multiple immune cell types, including CD105 + CD14 + myeloid fibroblasts, to organize into spheroid-like clusters. It was only in PDAC and CC-derived MCR that cluster formation promoted CTC survival, growth, and fibroblast differentiation. FACS depletion of CTC or myeloid fibroblast cells eliminated cluster network formation, and re-introduction of these cell populations reconstituted such ability. Our findings suggest that PDAC and CC CTC survival within the portal venous circulation is supported by their interactions with immune cells within multi-cell type clusters that could represent vectors of local recurrence and metastatic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pablo Arnoletti
- a Departments of Translational Research (SAL, RS, AJOA, MS, EG, Y-PS); Surgical Oncology (JPA), Florida Hospital Cancer Institute , Orlando , FL , USA
| | - Na'im Fanaian
- b Florida Hospital Diagnostic Pathology (NF) , Orlando , FL , USA
| | - Joseph Reza
- c General Surgery Residency Program , Orlando , FL , USA
| | - Ryan Sause
- a Departments of Translational Research (SAL, RS, AJOA, MS, EG, Y-PS); Surgical Oncology (JPA), Florida Hospital Cancer Institute , Orlando , FL , USA
| | - Alvin Jo Almodovar
- a Departments of Translational Research (SAL, RS, AJOA, MS, EG, Y-PS); Surgical Oncology (JPA), Florida Hospital Cancer Institute , Orlando , FL , USA
| | - Milan Srivastava
- a Departments of Translational Research (SAL, RS, AJOA, MS, EG, Y-PS); Surgical Oncology (JPA), Florida Hospital Cancer Institute , Orlando , FL , USA
| | - Swati Patel
- d Institute for Surgical Advancement , Orlando , FL , USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Griffith
- a Departments of Translational Research (SAL, RS, AJOA, MS, EG, Y-PS); Surgical Oncology (JPA), Florida Hospital Cancer Institute , Orlando , FL , USA
| | - Yai-Ping Shao
- a Departments of Translational Research (SAL, RS, AJOA, MS, EG, Y-PS); Surgical Oncology (JPA), Florida Hospital Cancer Institute , Orlando , FL , USA
| | - Xiang Zhu
- e Center for Interventional Endoscopy , Orlando , FL , USA
| | - Sally A Litherland
- a Departments of Translational Research (SAL, RS, AJOA, MS, EG, Y-PS); Surgical Oncology (JPA), Florida Hospital Cancer Institute , Orlando , FL , USA
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8
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Narang AK, Trieu J, Radwan N, Ram A, Robertson SP, He P, Gergis C, Griffith E, Singh H, DeWeese TA, Honig S, Annadanam A, Greco S, DeVille C, McNutt T, DeWeese TL, Song DY, Tran PT. End-of-radiation PSA as a novel prognostic factor in patients undergoing definitive radiation and androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2017; 20:203-209. [PMID: 28094250 PMCID: PMC5429233 DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2016.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background In men undergoing definitive radiation for prostate cancer, it is unclear whether early biochemical response can provide additional prognostic value beyond pre-treatment risk stratification. Methods Prostate cancer patients consecutively treated with definitive radiation at our institution by a single provider from 1993–2006 and who had an EOR PSA (n=688, median follow-up 11.2 years). We analyzed the association of an end-of-radiation (EOR) prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, obtained during the last week of radiation, with survival outcomes. Multivariable-adjusted cox proportional hazards models were constructed to assess associations between a detectable EOR PSA (defined as ≥0.1 ng ml−1) and biochemical failure-free survival (BFFS), metastasis-free survival (MFS), prostate cancer-specific survival (PCSS), and overall survival (OS). Kaplan-Meier survival curves were constructed, with stratification by EOR PSA. Results At the end of radiation, the PSA level was undetectable in 30% of patients. Men with a detectable EOR PSA experienced inferior 10-year BFFS (49.7% vs. 64.4%, p<0.001), 10-year MFS (84.8% vs. 92.0%, p=0.003), 10-year PCSS (94.3% vs. 98.2%, p=0.007), and 10-year OS (75.8% vs. 82.5%, p=0.01), as compared to men with an undetectable EOR PSA. Among NCCN intermediate- and high-risk men who were treated with definitive radiation and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), a detectable EOR PSA was more strongly associated with PCSS than initial NCCN risk level (EOR PSA: HR 5.89, 95% CI 2.37–14.65, p<0.001; NCCN risk level: HR 2.01, 95% CI 0.74–5.42, p=0.168). Main study limitations are retrospective study design and associated biases. Conclusions EOR PSA was significantly associated with survival endpoints in men who received treated with definitive radiation and ADT. Whether the EOR PSA can be used to modulate treatment intensity merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Narang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J Trieu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - N Radwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A Ram
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S P Robertson
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - P He
- Department of Biostatistics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - C Gergis
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - E Griffith
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - H Singh
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - T A DeWeese
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S Honig
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A Annadanam
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S Greco
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - C DeVille
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - T McNutt
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - T L DeWeese
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Departments of Oncology and Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - D Y Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Departments of Oncology and Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - P T Tran
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Departments of Oncology and Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Graham HL, Copello A, Griffith E, Freemantle N, McCrone P, Clarke L, Walsh K, Stefanidou CA, Rana A, Birchwood M. Pilot randomised trial of a brief intervention for comorbid substance misuse in psychiatric in-patient settings. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2016; 133:298-309. [PMID: 26590876 PMCID: PMC5091625 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This proof of principle study evaluated the effectiveness and feasibility of a brief motivational intervention, delivered in mental health in-patient settings, to improve engagement in treatment for drug and alcohol misuse. METHOD A randomised controlled trial using concealed randomisation, blind, independent assessment of outcome at 3 months. Participants were 59 new adult admissions, to six acute mental health hospital units in one UK mental health service, with schizophrenia related or bipolar disorder diagnoses, users of community mental health services and also misusing alcohol and/or drugs. Participants were randomised to Brief Integrated Motivational Intervention (BIMI) with Treatment As Usual (TAU), or TAU alone. The BIMI took place over a 2-week period and encouraged participants to explore substance use and its impact on mental health. RESULTS Fifty-nine in-patients (BIMI n = 30; TAU n = 29) were randomised, the BIMI was associated with a 63% relative odds increase in the primary outcome engagement in treatment [OR 1.63 (95% CI 1.01-2.65; P = 0.047)], at 3 months. Qualitative interviews with staff and participants indicated that the BIMI was both feasible and acceptable. CONCLUSION Mental health hospital admissions present an opportunity for brief motivational interventions focussed on substance misuse and can lead to improvements in engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Graham
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - A Copello
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - E Griffith
- School of Psychology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK
| | - N Freemantle
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, Upper Third Floor, UCL Medical School (Royal Free Campus), London, UK
| | - P McCrone
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - L Clarke
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - K Walsh
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - C A Stefanidou
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - A Rana
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - M Birchwood
- Division of Mental Health and Wellbeing, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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Ling T, Gautam LN, Griffith E, Das S, Lang W, Shadrick WR, Shelat A, Lee R, Rivas F. Synthesis and evaluation of colletoic acid core derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 110:126-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Zheng T, Pierre-Pierre N, Yan X, Huo Q, Almodovar AJO, Valerio F, Rivera-Ramirez I, Griffith E, Decker DD, Chen S, Zhu N. Gold nanoparticle-enabled blood test for early stage cancer detection and risk assessment. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:6819-27. [PMID: 25757512 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
When citrate ligands-capped gold nanoparticles are mixed with blood sera, a protein corona is formed on the nanoparticle surface due to the adsorption of various proteins in the blood to the nanoparticles. Using a two-step gold nanoparticle-enabled dynamic light scattering assay, we discovered that the amount of human immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the gold nanoparticle protein corona is increased in prostate cancer patients compared to noncancer controls. Two pilot studies conducted on blood serum samples collected at Florida Hospital and obtained from Prostate Cancer Biorespository Network (PCBN) revealed that the test has a 90-95% specificity and 50% sensitivity in detecting early stage prostate cancer, representing a significant improvement over the current PSA test. The increased amount of human IgG found in the protein corona is believed to be associated with the autoantibodies produced in cancer patients as part of the immunodefense against tumor. Proteomic analysis of the nanoparticle protein corona revealed molecular profile differences between cancer and noncancer serum samples. Autoantibodies and natural antibodies produced in cancer patients in response to tumorigenesis have been found and detected in the blood of many cancer types. The test may be applicable for early detection and risk assessment of a broad spectrum of cancer. This new blood test is simple, low cost, requires only a few drops of blood sample, and the results are obtained within minutes. The test is well suited for screening purpose. More extensive studies are being conducted to further evaluate and validate the clinical potential of the new test.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alvin J O Almodovar
- ∥Florida Hospital Cancer Institute, Research and Development, 2501 North Orange Avenue, Suite 247, Orlando, Florida 32804, United States
| | - Felipe Valerio
- ∥Florida Hospital Cancer Institute, Research and Development, 2501 North Orange Avenue, Suite 247, Orlando, Florida 32804, United States
| | - Inoel Rivera-Ramirez
- ∥Florida Hospital Cancer Institute, Research and Development, 2501 North Orange Avenue, Suite 247, Orlando, Florida 32804, United States
| | - Elizabeth Griffith
- ∥Florida Hospital Cancer Institute, Research and Development, 2501 North Orange Avenue, Suite 247, Orlando, Florida 32804, United States
| | - David D Decker
- ∥Florida Hospital Cancer Institute, Research and Development, 2501 North Orange Avenue, Suite 247, Orlando, Florida 32804, United States
| | - Sixue Chen
- ⊥Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Ning Zhu
- ⊥Department of Biology, Genetics Institute, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
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12
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Ram A, Robertson S, Narang A, Hei P, Griffith E, Singh H, DeWeese T, Honig S, McNutt T, DeWeese T, Song D, Tran P. Prognostic Value of PSA Nadir in Patients Undergoing Definitive Radiation for Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.1426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Narang A, Robertson S, Ram A, He P, Sundi D, Griffith E, Singh H, DeWeese T, Honig S, McNutt T, Ross A, Bivalacqua T, Schaeffer E, Partin A, DeWeese T, Song D, Tran P. Very-high-risk Localized Prostate Cancer - Outcomes Following Definitive Radiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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Ram A, Narang A, Robertson S, He P, Sundi D, Griffith E, Singh H, DeWeese T, Honig S, McNutt T, Schaeffer E, Ross A, Bivalacqua T, Partin A, Song D, Tran P, DeWeese T. Multiple Intermediate-Risk Factors as a Prognostic Tool for Men With Localized Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.1421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Robertson S, Narang A, Ram A, He P, Griffith E, Singh H, DeWeese T, Honig S, McNutt T, Tran P, DeWeese T, Song D. Prognostic and Therapeutic Implications of PNI in Prostate Cancer Patients Undergoing Definitive Radiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.1437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Decker DA, Reynolds RB, Molthrop DC, Griffith E, Encarnacion T, Lee E, Zhu X. Obesity and NonAdherence Correlate with Elevated Serum Estradiol Levels in Postmenopausal Women Receiving Adjuvant Aromatase Inhibitor Therapy. Breast J 2014; 20:553-4. [DOI: 10.1111/tbj.12324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Eimon Lee
- College of Medicine; University of Central Florida; Orlando Florida
| | - Xiang Zhu
- Florida Hospital Cancer Institute; Orlando Florida
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17
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Chiu JC, Ajmal S, Zhu X, Griffith E, Encarnacion T, Barr L. Radioactive seed localization of nonpalpable breast lesions in an academic comprehensive cancer program community hospital setting. Am Surg 2014; 80:675-679. [PMID: 24987899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Wire localized excision (WLE) has been a long-standing method for localization of nonpalpable breast lesions. Disadvantages of this method include difficulty locating the wire tip in relation to borders of the lesion, imprecise placement of the wire, and the need to place the wire shortly before scheduled surgery. These shortcomings may lead to a high positive margin rate requiring re-excision to obtain clear margins for breast cancer. Radioactive seed localized excision (RSLE) of nonpalpable breast lesions has been advocated as a safe and effective alternative to WLE. The primary endpoints of the study were to compare re-excision rates between WLE and RSLE of nonpalpable breast lesions and to determine if there were any differences in volume of tissue removed. One hundred three patients were included in a retrospective review of localized breast excisions done by a single surgeon. Forty-four patients underwent WLE between April 2007 and February 2009. Fifty-nine patients underwent RSLE between September 2009 and January 2012. Margins were considered to be clear if at least 1 mm of normal tissue was obtained from the circumferential periphery of the lesion in question. RSLE resulted in a re-excision rate of 17 versus 55 per cent re-excision rate for wire localization (P < 0.001). Excision volume was greater for patients having wire localization (P = 0.074). RSLE is an effective technique for excision of nonpalpable breast lesions in the community setting. This technique allows for accurate localization and appears to allow for smaller volume of tissue to be excised.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
- Breast Neoplasms/surgery
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnostic imaging
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/diagnostic imaging
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/surgery
- Carcinoma, Lobular/diagnostic imaging
- Carcinoma, Lobular/surgery
- Female
- Humans
- Iodine Radioisotopes
- Mastectomy, Segmental/methods
- Middle Aged
- Radionuclide Imaging
- Radiopharmaceuticals
- Reoperation
- Retrospective Studies
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C Chiu
- Florida Hospital Cancer Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
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18
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Hammoudeh DI, Daté M, Yun MK, Zhang W, Boyd VA, Viacava Follis A, Griffith E, Lee RE, Bashford D, White SW. Identification and characterization of an allosteric inhibitory site on dihydropteroate synthase. ACS Chem Biol 2014; 9:1294-302. [PMID: 24650357 PMCID: PMC4076017 DOI: 10.1021/cb500038g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The declining effectiveness of current
antibiotics due to the emergence
of resistant bacterial strains dictates a pressing need for novel
classes of antimicrobial therapies, preferably against molecular sites
other than those in which resistance mutations have developed. Dihydropteroate
synthase (DHPS) catalyzes a crucial step in the bacterial pathway
of folic acid synthesis, a pathway that is absent in higher vertebrates.
As the target of the sulfonamide class of drugs that were highly effective
until resistance mutations arose, DHPS is known to be a valuable bacterial
Achilles heel that is being further exploited for antibiotic development.
Here, we report the discovery of the first known allosteric inhibitor
of DHPS. NMR and crystallographic studies reveal that it engages a
previously unknown binding site at the dimer interface. Kinetic data
show that this inhibitor does not prevent substrate binding but rather
exerts its effect at a later step in the catalytic cycle. Molecular
dynamics simulations and quasi-harmonic analyses suggest that the
effect of inhibitor binding is transmitted from the dimer interface
to the active-site loops that are known to assume an obligatory ordered
substructure during catalysis. Together with the kinetics results,
these structural and dynamics data suggest an inhibitory mechanism
in which binding at the dimer interface impacts loop movements that
are required for product release. Our results potentially provide
a novel target site for the development of new antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stephen W. White
- Department
of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, United States
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19
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Gruen ME, Griffith E, Thomson A, Simpson W, Lascelles BDX. Detection of clinically relevant pain relief in cats with degenerative joint disease associated pain. J Vet Intern Med 2014; 28:346-50. [PMID: 24512390 PMCID: PMC4064787 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Detection of clinically relevant pain relief in cats with degenerative joint disease (DJD) is complicated by a lack of validated outcome measures and a placebo effect. Hypothesis/Objectives To evaluate a novel approach for detection of pain relief in cats with DJD. Animals Fifty‐eight client‐owned cats. Methods Prospective, double‐masked, placebo‐controlled, stratified, randomized, clinical study. Enrolled cats were 6–21 years of age, with owner‐observed mobility impairment, evidence of pain in at least 2 joints during orthopedic examination, and overlapping radiographic evidence of DJD, and underwent a 2‐week baseline period, 3‐week treatment period with placebo or meloxicam, and 3‐week masked washout period. Outcome measures were evaluated at days 0, 15, 36, and 57. Results Both groups significantly improved after the treatment period (day 36) on client‐specific outcome measures (CSOM) and feline musculoskeletal pain index (FMPI) (P < .0001 for both); there was no difference between the groups on CSOM or FMPI score improvement. After the masked washout period, more cats that received meloxicam during the treatment period had a clinically relevant decrease in CSOM score (P = .048) and FMPI score (P = .021) than cats that received placebo. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Using both a client‐specific and a general clinical metrology instrument, owners of cats with DJD were able to detect evident recurrence of clinical signs after withdrawal of active medication than after withdrawal of placebo, and that this study design might be a novel and useful way to circumvent the placebo effect and detect the efficacy of pain‐relieving medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Gruen
- Comparative Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC
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20
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Ling T, Griffith E, Mitachi K, Rivas F. Scalable and Divergent Total Synthesis of (+)-Colletoic Acid, a Selective 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 Inhibitor. Org Lett 2013; 15:5790-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol402842u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Ling
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-3678, United States
| | - Elizabeth Griffith
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-3678, United States
| | - Katsuhiko Mitachi
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-3678, United States
| | - Fatima Rivas
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-3678, United States
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21
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Zhao Y, Hammoudeh D, Lin W, Das S, Yun MK, Li Z, Griffith E, Chen T, White SW, Lee RE. Development of a pterin-based fluorescent probe for screening dihydropteroate synthase. Bioconjug Chem 2011; 22:2110-7. [PMID: 21916405 DOI: 10.1021/bc200346e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) is the classical target of the sulfonamide class of antimicrobial agents, whose use has been limited by widespread resistance and pharmacological side effects. We have initiated a structure-based drug design approach for the development of novel DHPS inhibitors that bind to the highly conserved and structured pterin subsite rather than to the adjacent p-aminobenzoic acid binding pocket that is targeted by the sulfonamide class of antibiotics. To facilitate these studies, a robust pterin site-specific fluorescence polarization (FP) assay has been developed and is discussed herein. These studies include the design, synthesis, and characterization of two fluorescent probes, and the development and validation of a rapid DHPS FP assay. This assay has excellent DMSO tolerance and is highly reproducible as evidenced by a high Z' factor. This assay offers significant advantages over traditional radiometric or phosphate release assays against this target, and is suitable for site-specific high-throughput and fragment-based screening studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
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22
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Robson K, Wojtczak H, Matteucci M, Griffith E. 90: Can One Hospital Quality Team Make a Difference in the Emergency Department Pediatric Asthma Population? Ann Emerg Med 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2008.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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23
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Griffith E, Savva S. Cómo se enfrentan a los problemas del idioma las publicaciones de habla no inglesa que tratan el tema de la adicción. Adicciones 2002. [DOI: 10.20882/adicciones.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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24
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Abstract
BACKGROUND n 1966, the Population Council (a non-profit, non-government organisation which aims to foster reproductive health around the world) sponsored demonstration projects (known as the 'International Postpartum Program') on postpartum family planning, focussing primarily on developing countries and including 25 hospitals in 14 countries (Zatuchni 1970). These projects were based on the assumptions that women are receptive to family planning education in the postpartum period, and that they will not return to health centres for contraception once they have been discharged from hospital. The demonstration projects were declared a success given their ability to reach large numbers of women, and they were expanded to include hospitals in 21 countries (Winikoff et al 1991). Randomised controlled trials were not used to assess the effectiveness of the program. The provision of education on contraceptive use to postpartum mothers has come to be considered a standard component of postnatal care, with up to 84% of women noting that a discussion on contraception took place with a midwife on the postnatal floor (Glasier et al 1996). Although education frequently is provided as an integral component of discharge planning, many women experience this as a perfunctory discussion included as part of a checklist of topics (Glasier et al 1996). Midwifery and obstetric texts routinely refer to the provision of such education as a responsibility in the provision of postpartum care; however, the effectiveness of this intervention is seldom questioned (Keith et al 1980; Semeraro 1996). Questions have been raised about the assumptions that are the basis for such programs, e.g. that postpartum women are motivated to use contraception and that they will not return to a health centre for family planning advice (Winikoff et al 1991). In addition surveys conducted postpartum indicate that women may wish to discuss contraception antenatally and post hospital discharge, preferably in the context of general education about maternal and child health (Ozvaris 1997). OBJECTIVES Postpartum education on contraceptive use is a routine component of discharge planning in many different countries with a wide variety of health care systems. This education is based on assumptions concerning women's receptivity to contraceptive education during the postpartum period and their presumed lack of access to such education after that time. The objective of this review is to assess the effects of education about contraceptive use to postpartum mothers. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Psychlit, Popline, citations indexes and reference lists of relevant articles. We contacted subject experts to locate additional research, in addition to the Group's Specialised Register of Controlled Trials. Date of the most recent search: March 2001. SELECTION CRITERIA Trials using random or quasi-random methods of allocation which evaluated the effectiveness of postpartum education about contraceptive use. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two independent reviewers abstracted data on trial characteristics and results. MAIN RESULTS No new trials were identified since this review was updated in 1999. Three trials were identified with 5438 women. These trials were conducted in Lebanon, Peru and Nepal. None of the trials examined all major prespecified endpoints. Postpartum education about contraceptive use influenced short-term use assessed between 40 days and three months post-partum. Women in the intervention groups were less likely to be non-users than women in the comparison groups (Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.47, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.39 to 0.58). This benefit was not apparent following analysis of data from better quality studies (OR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.41 to 1.13). An apparent benefit on contraceptive use at six months post-partum (OR = 0.52, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.74) was not apparent following sensitivity analyses (OR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.33 to 1.06). Data are inadequate to assess the impact on cessation of breast feeding and non-attendance at family planning clinics. Unplanned pregnancies, knowledge about contraception and satisfaction with care were not assessed in any trial. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS The effectiveness of postpartum education about contraceptive use has not yet been established in randomised controlled trials. Such education may be effective in increasing the short-term use of contraception. However, there are only limited data examining a more-important longer-term effect on the prevention of unplanned pregnancies. Research needs to be undertaken to assess the effectiveness of the minimalist education provided in more developed countries and the variety of programs provided in less developed regions. Such research should examine the content, timing, range and organisation of postpartum education on contraceptive use including lactational amenorrhea, as well as its impact on breast feeding rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Hiller
- Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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25
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Booth C, Griffith E, Brady G, Lydall D. Quantitative amplification of single-stranded DNA (QAOS) demonstrates that cdc13-1 mutants generate ssDNA in a telomere to centromere direction. Nucleic Acids Res 2001; 29:4414-22. [PMID: 11691929 PMCID: PMC60175 DOI: 10.1093/nar/29.21.4414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a method that allows quantitative amplification of single-stranded DNA (QAOS) in a sample that is primarily double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). Single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) is first captured by annealing a tagging primer at low temperature. Primer extension follows to create a novel, ssDNA-dependent, tagged molecule that can be detected by PCR. Using QAOS levels of between 0.2 and 100% ssDNA can be accurately quantified. We have used QAOS to characterise ssDNA levels at three loci near the right telomere of chromosome V in budding yeast cdc13-1 mutants. Our results confirm and extend previous studies which demonstrate that when Cdc13p, a telomere-binding protein, is disabled, loci close to the telomere become single stranded whereas centromere proximal sequences do not. In contrast to an earlier model, our new results are consistent with a model in which a RAD24-dependent, 5' to 3' exonuclease moves from the telomere toward the centromere in cdc13-1 mutants. QAOS has been adapted, using degenerate tagging primers, to preferentially amplify all ssDNA sequences within samples that are primarily dsDNA. This approach may be useful for identifying ssDNA sequences associated with physiological or pathological states in other organisms.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism
- Centromere/genetics
- Chromosomes, Fungal/genetics
- Cyclin B/genetics
- DNA Primers
- DNA Probes
- DNA, Fungal/analysis
- DNA, Fungal/biosynthesis
- DNA, Fungal/genetics
- DNA, Single-Stranded/analysis
- DNA, Single-Stranded/biosynthesis
- DNA, Single-Stranded/genetics
- Genes, Fungal/genetics
- Genome, Fungal
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
- Kinetics
- Mutation/genetics
- Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/genetics
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism
- Sensitivity and Specificity
- Substrate Specificity
- Telomere/genetics
- Temperature
- Templates, Genetic
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- C Booth
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, G38 Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- E Griffith
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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27
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Guest C, Griffith E, Lewis SY, Moulding N. Epidemiology and detection of cervical cancer. Implementing the national screening policy. Aust Fam Physician 1996; 25:1722-30. [PMID: 8952107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The epidemiological bases of primary prevention and early detection of cancer of the uterine cervix are presented with emphasis on recent developments that are important for clinical practice. The progress of the implementation of the Australian cervical cancer screening policy is also discussed. A Medline search on cervical cancer, 1991-1996, was supplemented by material from international and local authorities, including reports on all aspects of cervical screening in Australia. National and international patterns of risk factors, predictors of progression and regression of precancerous lesions, cervical cancer incidence and mortality are summarised, with emphasis on the most recent and local research. Human papilloma virus (HPV) types are important causes of cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN) and squamous cell carcinoma. Most cervical screening is performed during medical consultations; additional financial incentives to promote correct targeting of this screening test should be explored. The Commonwealth Government is developing a national policy for the training of persons to provide cervical screening to supplement that provided by medical practitioners. The improvements in the national application of cervical screening should continue with the development of quality assurance at all stages of the screening pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Guest
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra
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28
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Chopra R, Griffith E, Irwin D, Anastassiades T. Human T-lymphocytes synthesize and secrete a protease resistant proteoglycan in a delayed, serum-dependent response to concanavalin A. Cell Biol Int Rep 1991; 15:25-35. [PMID: 1900740 DOI: 10.1016/0309-1651(91)90079-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In the presence of radioactive precursors, the addition of Concanavalin A (Con A) to cultures of mononuclear cells (MC) from human blood resulted in marked accumulation in the medium of a protease-resistant proteoglycan (PG) with chondroitin sulfate (CS) chains of an average molecular weight of 28 KDa. This PG was shown to be elaborated primarily by T-cells. The addition of serum was necessary for maximal stimulation with Con A and under these conditions PG accumulation in the medium rose slowly during the first few days of culture and much more rapidly between days 6-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Chopra
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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29
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Abstract
Data from 1,878 courses of intravenous ciprofloxacin therapy, administered to 1,869 patients in 59 clinical trials, were analyzed for drug safety. The 985 men and 884 women had a mean age of 50 years, and more than one third were over 60 years of age. An overwhelming majority had at least one accompanying systemic illness, and the condition of more than half the patients was only fair or poor at the onset of therapy. Ciprofloxacin was administered in a unit dose of either 200 mg (68 percent of the patients) or 300 mg (28 percent) by intravenous infusion, generally over 30 minutes every 12 hours, at a mean daily dosage of 456 mg. The duration of intravenous therapy ranged from one to 57 days, with a mean of seven days; over 1,000 patients were treated for more than five days. Adverse events considered probably or possibly related to intravenous ciprofloxacin were reported in 15.8 percent of the courses; therapy was discontinued prematurely in 3 percent. Local reactions at the site of infusion were the most common, occurring in 4.4 percent of the courses. Changes in blood chemistry values (4.1 percent) included increases in alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase. Reports of adverse effects referable to the gastrointestinal tract (3.0 percent) were primarily nausea and diarrhea. Central nervous system reactions (1.8 percent) included convulsive seizures, headache, and dizziness. In comparative trials, events considered probably or possibly drug related were reported for 17.3 and 13.6 percent of the ciprofloxacin- and ceftazidime-treated patients, respectively. The incidence of adverse events other than local reactions at the infusion site was not significantly different between the ciprofloxacin- and ceftazidime-treated patients (12.7 percent versus 11.0 percent, p greater than 0.2).
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Arcieri
- Miles Inc., Pharmaceutical Division, West Haven, Connecticut 06516
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30
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Arcieri G, Griffith E, Gruenwaldt G, Heyd A, O'Brien B, Screen P, Becker N, August R. A survey of clinical experience with ciprofloxacin, a new quinolone antimicrobial. J Clin Pharmacol 1988; 28:179-89. [PMID: 3360968 DOI: 10.1002/j.1552-4604.1988.tb05741.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Ciprofloxacin is a new quinolone antimicrobial agent with activity against a broad spectrum of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and methicillin-resistant strains of staphylococci. The efficacy and safety results of 80 clinical studies of the oral form of ciprofloxacin are reported. Drug safety was assessed in 2236 courses in 2203 adult patients treated primarily in the United States. Data from 1676 courses were suitable for analysis of drug efficacy. The unit dose for most patients ranged from 250 mg to 750 mg (median, 500 mg), usually given every 12 hours. The duration of treatment ranged from 3 to 231 days (median, 10 days). Predominant among 1722 infections were those of the urinary tract (43%), skin structures (29%), and respiratory tract (19%); the remainder were bone and joint infections (5%), bacteremias (2%), and intra-abdominal (1%), gastrointestinal (1%), and pelvic infections (less than 1%). Signs and symptoms of infection resolved in 79% of all cases; a further 15% improved, and 5% failed to improve. Pathogens were eradicated in 89% of urinary tract infections and persisted in 5%; 80% of patients still had sterile urine at the 3-to 6-week follow-up. In 81% of nonurinary tract infections, pathogens were eradicated; they persisted in 11%, and superinfection occurred in less than 5%. After treatment, 89% of the 2253 causative organisms were eradicated and 2% were reduced to clinically insignificant counts; 8% persisted. Of 411 isolates of P. aeruginosa, 77% were eradicated, as were 97% of 421 Escherichia coli and 80% of 248 Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Also eradicated were 95% of 166 Klebsiella, 96% of 139 Proteus mirabilis, 100% of 20 other Proteus, 94% of 123 Enterobacter, 100% of 68 Haemophilus influenzae, 96% of 49 Citrobacter, 89% of 45 Serratia, 95% of 41 Streptococcus pneumoniae, 91% of 43 Salmonella, 100% of 38 Morganella morganii, and 100% of 35 Providencia isolates. Adverse reactions were judged probably or possibly drug-related in 14.8% of courses; drug treatment had to be stopped prematurely in 3.5%. The most frequent reactions were gastrointestinal complaints (chiefly nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting), metabolic disorders (elevated SGOT, SGPT, serum creatinine, or blood urea nitrogen), and nervous system effects (dizziness, light-headedness, restlessness, tremor, and headache). Crystalluria, judged to be related to ciprofloxacin, occurred in two patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- G Arcieri
- Division of Medical Research, Miles Pharmaceuticals, West Haven, CT 06516
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Schacht P, Arcieri G, Branolte J, Bruck H, Chyský V, Griffith E, Gruenwaldt G, Hullmann R, Konopka CA, O'Brien B. Worldwide clinical data on efficacy and safety of ciprofloxacin. Infection 1988; 16 Suppl 1:S29-43. [PMID: 3286511 DOI: 10.1007/bf01650504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
During the clinical trials 8,861 patients have been treated with ciprofloxacin worldwide. 3,822 of the therapeutic courses were valid for analysis of efficacy according to FDA standards. The following dosages were usually administered: UTI: 100 to 500 mg twice daily orally or 100 mg twice daily intravenously; RTI: 250 to 1000 mg twice daily orally or 200 mg twice daily intravenously; septicemia: 200 mg intravenously twice daily; gonorrhea: 250 to 500 mg single tablet orally; all other infections: 500 to 1000 mg twice daily orally or 200 mg twice daily intravenously. Ciprofloxacin was administered to 762 courses of lower RTI, 88 courses of upper RTI, 108 courses of bacteremia, 766 courses of skin structure infection, 142 courses of bone and joint infections, 149 courses of intra-abdominal infections, 33 courses of gastrointestinal infections, 1,633 courses of UTI, 49 courses of pelvic infections, 279 courses of STD, mainly gonorrhea, and three courses of meningitis. The clinical response was resolution in 76%, improvement in 18% and failure in only 6%. Bacteriologic response by all sites evaluable: pathogens were eradicated from 74%, markedly reduced in 2%, persisted in 10%. Relapse occurred in 4% and reinfection was observed in another 6%. The overall response was favourable for 90% of the patients. Drug safety was established on a data base of 8,861 courses worldwide. The following side-effects according to COSTART terminology were observed: digestive 5%, metabolic nutritional 4.6%, central nervous 1.6%, skin 1.4%, hemic and lymphatic 1%, cardiovascular 0.4%, body as a whole 0.4%, urogenital 0.3%, special senses 0.3%, musculo-skeletal 0.1%, respiratory 0.08%. Several courses had more than one reaction. Thus the total incidence of side-effects for the treated patient population was 10.2%. Ciprofloxacin is a highly effective drug and a breakthrough in several areas of medical interest. It is relatively safe and side-effects are usually mild or moderate in intensity and transient.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Schacht
- Bayer AG, Pharma Forschungszentrum, Wuppertal 1
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Griffith E. Home care prophecies and predictions, Part II. Home Healthc Nurse 1988; 6:4-5, 8. [PMID: 3343142 DOI: 10.1097/00004045-198801000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Griffith E. Home care prophecies and predictions, Part I. Home Healthc Nurse 1987; 5:10-1. [PMID: 3679869 DOI: 10.1097/00004045-198711000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Arcieri G, Griffith E, Gruenwaldt G, Heyd A, O'Brien B, Becker N, August R. Ciprofloxacin: an update on clinical experience. Am J Med 1987; 82:381-6. [PMID: 3555063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This report presents the results of 146 clinical trials of the oral form of ciprofloxacin, a new quinolone antimicrobial agent active against a broad spectrum of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and methicillin-resistant strains of staphylococci. The safety of ciprofloxacin was assessed in 2,829 patients, most of whom were treated in the United States, and the analysis of efficacy was based on data from 3,981 patients evaluated through June 1986. In general, the patients received ciprofloxacin at a dosage of 250 to 750 mg every 12 hours; the median dose was 500 mg twice daily. Dose-ranging studies in male patients with urinary tract infections indicated that a regimen of 500 or 750 mg twice daily was not substantially more effective than a regimen of 250 mg twice daily. Forty-four double-blind, controlled trials were conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of oral ciprofloxacin with those of standard therapeutic agents in the treatment of infections of the urinary tract, skin and skin structure, respiratory tract, and bone. Ciprofloxacin at 250 mg twice daily was as effective as trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole at 160/800 mg twice daily in the treatment of urinary tract infections. Orally administered ciprofloxacin in a regimen of 750 mg twice daily was shown to be as effective as cefotaxime administered intravenously at 2 g three times daily in the treatment of infections of the skin and skin structure. When compared with ampicillin for the treatment of respiratory tract infections, ciprofloxacin was as effective in resolving or improving markedly the signs and symptoms of infection and eradicated a higher percentage of causative organisms. Adverse reactions considered probably or possibly related to the drug were reported for 16.2 percent of the patients treated; most were of only mild or moderate intensity and resolved after therapy was completed. Emergence of resistant organisms associated with ciprofloxacin therapy has been reported infrequently.
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Arcieri G, August R, Becker N, Doyle C, Griffith E, Gruenwaldt G, Heyd A, O'Brien B. Clinical experience with ciprofloxacin in the USA. Eur J Clin Microbiol 1986; 5:220-5. [PMID: 2941286 DOI: 10.1007/bf02013994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This interim analysis of the efficacy and safety of ciprofloxacin is based on case reports of 1241 adult patients treated primarily in the USA; 1026 were suitable for analysis of drug efficacy. The daily dose ranged from 500 to 1500 mg, the unit dose being given every 12 h. Duration of treatment ranged from 5 to 211 days (mean 12.6 days). In 1046 cases of infection the site was the urinary tract (514), skin structures (218), respiratory tract (215), blood (43), bone (27), abdomen (13), gastrointestinal tract (13) and pelvis (3). Organisms responsible for infection were Escherichia coli (282), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (238), Staphylococcus spp. (149), Streptococcus spp. (107), Klebsiella spp. (105), Proteus spp. (97), Haemophilus spp. (71), Enterobacter spp. (58), Salmonella spp. (44), Citrobacter spp. (27), and Serratia spp. (22). Signs and symptoms of infection resolved in 84% of all cases; 12.6% improved and 3.4% failed to improve. Pathogens were eradicated in 91% of urinary tract infections and in 87% of all other cases of infection combined; superinfections occurred in 5.3% of all patients. At the four-week follow-up 83% of patients with urinary tract infection still had sterile urine. Adverse reactions during therapy were considered probably or possibly drug-related in 166 patients. Nausea (37), diarrhea (25), vomiting (15), nervousness (28), and rash (9) were the most frequent; in only 2% of cases was it necessary to discontinue the drug. Results of ophthalmologic studies were generally unremarkable. Occasional elevations of SGOT and SGPT, and rare elevations of NPN related to ciprofloxacin therapy were seen.
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Griffith E. Home care today. Interview by Ena M. Morris and Jeanne D. Fonseca. Am J Nurs 1984; 84:340-2. [PMID: 6560990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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Schacht P, Arcieri G, Bruck H, Griffith E, Hullman R, Tettenborn D. International clinical experience with azlocillin. J Antimicrob Chemother 1983; 11 Suppl B:215-22. [PMID: 6619030 DOI: 10.1093/jac/11.suppl_b.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies with azlocillin were conducted in North America and Europe to assess its efficacy and to monitor its safety. The results of studies from these two areas are compared retrospectively. In North America 631 multiple-dose courses were monitored, while 887 were given in Europe. The most frequently administered daily dose was 18 g in North America and 15 g in Europe. In 71% of the courses a Pseudomonas species was the causative infecting organism in the former area and 51% in the latter. Over 60% of the patients were seriously ill, and about a third were over 60 years of age. A satisfactory bacteriological response, as defined by the eradication or a marked reduction of the organism causing infection was obtained in 74% of patients in North America and in 75% in Europe. 89% of the patients in America responded clinically compared to 92% in Europe. Ps. aeruginosa was eradicated in over 70% of instances. Azlocillin, like other penicillins, possesses a low potential for toxicity. Hypersensitivity reactions and gastrointestinal effects were the most common adverse experiences. No serious problems were encountered with impairment of renal or hepatic function, or blood coagulation. Azlocillin was effective for treating serious infections caused primarily by Ps. aeruginosa.
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Abstract
The nephropathology associated with retroperitoneal fibrosis has been commonly related to compression of the ureters and hydronephrosis. This assumption has been made without the use of immunofluorescent microscopy and electron microscopy. The authors studied renal tissue from a patient with retroperitoneal fibrosis by light microscopy, immunofluorescent microscopy and electron microscopy. In addition to the gross and microscopic changes of obstructive nephropathy, histologic findings of glomerular immune-complex deposition were also present. It is postulated that in some cases of retroperitoneal fibrosis, destruction may be mediated by both obstructive and immunologic processes.
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Young SR, Hulett RM, van Reesema FS, Griffith E. Medical care auditing. Hospitals 1972; 46:68-71. [PMID: 5026483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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