1
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Wang Y, Wang M, Liu H, Wu B, Wang X, Wu X. A multi-dimensional photodetector based on an α-MoO 3 grating and graphene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024. [PMID: 38842424 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01293c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Integration of multi-dimensional optical information enhances the recognition and anti-interference capabilities of the detection system, allowing for better adaptation to complex environments. Therefore, this technology represents a crucial developmental pathway for the future of infrared optical detectors. In this study, a dual-band polarization photodetector based on a two-dimensional α-MoO3 grating structure is proposed. The structure utilizes the special dispersion property of the α-MoO3 material to excite the localized plasmon resonance, which generates narrowband high absorption peaks with Q-factors as high as 110.24 and 92.65, with peaks close to 1 under TM and TE polarized waves, respectively. The direct measurement of multi-dimensional optical information including intensity, spectrum and polarization states is realized. By adjusting the structural parameters, polarization-dependent dual-band detection can be achieved. Meanwhile, the introduction of graphene material realizes the electronically tunable function of the device. This study provides unexplored strategies for realizing more efficient, flexible and versatile dual-band polarization wave detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Wang
- School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Mingjun Wang
- School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Haotuo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing and Intelligent Technology, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Biyuan Wu
- Thermal Science Research Center, Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China.
| | - Xinyue Wang
- School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xiaohu Wu
- Thermal Science Research Center, Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China.
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2
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Wu C, Duan Y, Yu L, Hu Y, Zhao C, Ji C, Guo X, Zhang S, Dai X, Ma P, Wang Q, Ling S, Yang X, Dai Q. In-situ observation of silk nanofibril assembly via graphene plasmonic infrared sensor. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4643. [PMID: 38821959 PMCID: PMC11143229 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49076-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Silk nanofibrils (SNFs), the fundamental building blocks of silk fibers, endow them with exceptional properties. However, the intricate mechanism governing SNF assembly, a process involving both protein conformational transitions and protein molecule conjunctions, remains elusive. This lack of understanding has hindered the development of artificial silk spinning techniques. In this study, we address this challenge by employing a graphene plasmonic infrared sensor in conjunction with multi-scale molecular dynamics (MD). This unique approach allows us to probe the secondary structure of nanoscale assembly intermediates (0.8-6.2 nm) and their morphological evolution. It also provides insights into the dynamics of silk fibroin (SF) over extended molecular timeframes. Our novel findings reveal that amorphous SFs undergo a conformational transition towards β-sheet-rich oligomers on graphene. These oligomers then connect to evolve into SNFs. These insights provide a comprehensive picture of SNF assembly, paving the way for advancements in biomimetic silk spinning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yu Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Lintao Yu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yao Hu
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Chenxi Zhao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Chunwang Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiangdong Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaokang Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Puyi Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China.
| | - Shengjie Ling
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
- Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Xiaoxia Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Qing Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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3
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Macis S, D'Arco A, Mosesso L, Paolozzi MC, Tofani S, Tomarchio L, Tummala PP, Ghomi S, Stopponi V, Bonaventura E, Massetti C, Codegoni D, Serafini A, Targa P, Zacchigna M, Lamperti A, Martella C, Molle A, Lupi S. Terahertz and Infrared Plasmon Polaritons in PtTe 2 Type-II Dirac Topological Semimetal. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2400554. [PMID: 38733453 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are electromagnetic excitations existing at the interface between a metal and a dielectric. SPPs provide a promising path in nanophotonic devices for light manipulation at the micro and nanoscale with applications in optoelectronics, biomedicine, and energy harvesting. Recently, SPPs are extended to unconventional materials like graphene, transparent oxides, superconductors, and topological systems characterized by linearly dispersive electronic bands. In this respect, 3D Dirac and Weyl semimetals offer a promising frontier for infrared (IR) and terahertz (THz) radiation tuning by topologically-protected SPPs. In this work, the THz-IR optical response of platinum ditelluride (PtTe2) type-II Dirac topological semimetal films grown on Si substrates is investigated. SPPs generated on microscale ribbon arrays of PtTe2 are detected in the far-field limit, finding an excellent agreement among measurements, theoretical models, and electromagnetic simulation data. The far-field measurements are further supported by near-field IR data which indicate a strong electric field enhancement due to the SPP excitation near the ribbon edges. The present findings indicate that the PtTe2 ribbon array appears an ideal active layout for geometrically tunable SPPs thus inspiring a new fashion of optically tunable materials in the technologically demanding THz and IR spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Macis
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Annalisa D'Arco
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Mosesso
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Paolozzi
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | - Silvia Tofani
- CNR-IMM, Unit of Rome, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Luca Tomarchio
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy
| | | | - Sara Ghomi
- CNR-IMM, via C. Olivetti 2, Agrate Brianza (MB), I-20864, Italy
| | - Veronica Stopponi
- CNR-IOM, Area Science Park Strada Statale 14, km 163,5, Basovizza, TS, 34149, Italy
| | - Eleonora Bonaventura
- CNR-IMM, via C. Olivetti 2, Agrate Brianza (MB), I-20864, Italy
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cozzi, 55, Milan, 20125, Italy
| | - Chiara Massetti
- CNR-IMM, via C. Olivetti 2, Agrate Brianza (MB), I-20864, Italy
| | - Davide Codegoni
- STMicroelectronics, via C. Olivetti 2, Agrate Brianza (MB), I-20864, Italy
| | - Andrea Serafini
- STMicroelectronics, via C. Olivetti 2, Agrate Brianza (MB), I-20864, Italy
| | - Paolo Targa
- STMicroelectronics, via C. Olivetti 2, Agrate Brianza (MB), I-20864, Italy
| | - Michele Zacchigna
- CNR-IOM, Area Science Park Strada Statale 14, km 163,5, Basovizza, TS, 34149, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Stefano Lupi
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, 00185, Italy
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4
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Lin Z, Mikhael C, Dai C, Cho JH. Self-Assembly for Creating Vertically-Aligned Graphene Micro Helices with Monolayer Graphene as Chiral Metamaterials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2401451. [PMID: 38630988 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Graphene's emergence enables creating chiral metamaterials in helical shapes for terahertz (THz) applications, overcoming material limitations. However, practical implementation remains theoretical due to fabrication challenges. This paper introduces a dual-component self-assembly technique that enables creating vertically-aligned continuous monolayer graphene helices at microscale with great flexibility and high controllability. This assembly process not only facilitates the creation of 3D microstructures, but also positions the 3D structures from a horizontal to a vertical orientation, achieving an aspect ratio (height/width) of ≈2700. As a result, an array of vertically-aligned graphene helices is formed, reaching up to 4 mm in height, which is equivalent to 4 million times the height of monolayer graphene. The benefit of these 3D chiral structures made from graphene is their capability to infinitely extend in height, interacting with light in ways that are not possible with traditional 2D layering methods. Such an impressive height elevates a level of interaction with light that far surpasses what is achievable with traditional 2D layering methods, resulting in a notable enhancement of optical chirality properties. This approach is applicable to various 2D materials, promising advancements in innovative research and diverse applications across fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Lin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Carol Mikhael
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Chunhui Dai
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Jeong-Hyun Cho
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
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5
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Chen Y, Sun G, Wei J, Miao Y, Zhang W, Wu K, Wang Q. Ultrahigh-Q Polarization-Independent Terahertz Metamaterial Absorber Using Pattern-Free Graphene for Sensing Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:605. [PMID: 38607139 PMCID: PMC11013051 DOI: 10.3390/nano14070605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
In contrast to noble metals, graphene exhibits significantly lower loss, especially useful for optical sensing applications that require ultrahigh Q factors, and offer wide range tunability via an adjustable Fermi level. However, precise graphene patterning is difficult, especially for large areas, severely limiting its applications. Here, a tunable terahertz metamaterial absorber (TMMA) with ultrahigh Q factors consisting of a continuous, pattern-free graphene is demonstrated. A graphene sheet is overlaid on an Al metal array, forming a structure that supports strong localized surface plasmon polaritons (LSPPs) with fields tightly confined in the graphene, minimizing loss. Theoretical results show that this TMMA exhibits an ultrahigh Q factor of 1730, a frequency sensitivity of 2.84 THz/RIU, and an excellent figure of merit (FoM) of 365.85 RIU-1, independent of polarization. A tunability from ~2.25 to ~3.25 THz is also achieved by tuning Ef of graphene from 0.3 to 0.7 eV. The proposed graphene-based TMMA holds many potential applications, particularly in the field of sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youxin Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Fabrication Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.C.); (G.S.); (J.W.); (Y.M.); (W.Z.)
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Guotao Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Fabrication Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.C.); (G.S.); (J.W.); (Y.M.); (W.Z.)
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jiang Wei
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Fabrication Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.C.); (G.S.); (J.W.); (Y.M.); (W.Z.)
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yan Miao
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Fabrication Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.C.); (G.S.); (J.W.); (Y.M.); (W.Z.)
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wenqian Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Fabrication Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.C.); (G.S.); (J.W.); (Y.M.); (W.Z.)
- Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Kaiyu Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Fabrication Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.C.); (G.S.); (J.W.); (Y.M.); (W.Z.)
| | - Qingkang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Fabrication Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.C.); (G.S.); (J.W.); (Y.M.); (W.Z.)
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6
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Raad SH, Afshari-Bavil M, Liu D. Efficient and high-quality absorption enhancement using epsilon-near-zero cylindrical nano-shells constructed by graphene. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6742. [PMID: 38509124 PMCID: PMC10954738 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55194-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper presents a detailed scattering analysis of a hollow-core plasmonic-shell cylindrical wire to design an efficient, compact, narrowband, and reconfigurable optical absorber. The shell is formed by a thin graphene material, investigated in its epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) plasmonic region. Compared to the graphene plasmonic resonances in the terahertz(THz)/far-infrared (FIR) frequencies, the ENZ plasmonic resonances offer a blue shift in the operating frequency of the second-order plasmonic resonances by increasing the geometrical dimensions. This feature is successfully used to design efficient optical wave absorbers with absorption cross-sections much larger than geometrical and scattering cross-sections. The observed blue shift in the resonance spectrum, which is the key point of the design, is further verified by defining each particle with its polarizability and fulfilling the resonant scattering condition in the framework of Mie's theory. Furthermore, graphene relaxation time and chemical potential can be used to manipulate the absorption rate. Observed resonances have narrow widths, achieved with simple geometry. To consider more practical scenarios, the one-dimensional arrangement of the cylindrical elements as a dense and sparse array is also considered and the design key point regarding graphene quality is revealed. The quality factor of the sparse array resonance is 2272.8 and it demands high-quality graphene material in design. It is also observed that due to the use of small particles in the design, the near-field and cooperative effects are not visible in the absorption cross-section of the array and a clear single peak is attained. This polarization-insensitive absorber can tolerate a wide range of incident angles with an absorption rate above 90%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Hayati Raad
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Afshari-Bavil
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.
| | - Dong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Optics, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230037, China
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7
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Ling H, Nourbakhsh M, Whiteside VR, Tischler JG, Davoyan AR. Near-Unity Light-Matter Interaction in Mid-Infrared van der Waals Metasurfaces. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:3315-3322. [PMID: 38452251 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Accessing mid-infrared radiation is of great importance for a range of applications, including thermal imaging, sensing, and radiative cooling. Here, we study light interaction with hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) nanocavities and reveal strong and tunable resonances across its hyperbolic transition. In addition to conventional phonon-polariton excitations, we demonstrate that the high refractive index of hexagonal boron nitride outside the Reststrahlen band allows enhanced light-matter interactions in deep subwavelength (<λ/15) nanostructures across a broad 7-8 μm range. Emergence and interplay of Fabry-Perot and Mie-like resonances are examined experimentally and theoretically. Near-unity absorption and high quality (Q ≥ 80) resonance interaction in the vicinity of the hBN transverse optical phonon is further observed. Our study provides avenues to design highly efficient and ultracompact structures for controlling mid-infrared radiation and accessing strong light-matter interactions with hBN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Ling
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Milad Nourbakhsh
- Deven Energy Hall, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Oklahoma, 110 W. Boyd Street, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Vincent R Whiteside
- Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, 440 West Brooks Street, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Joseph G Tischler
- Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, 440 West Brooks Street, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Artur R Davoyan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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8
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Feinstein MD, Almeida E. Hybridization of graphene-gold plasmons for active control of mid-infrared radiation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6733. [PMID: 38509246 PMCID: PMC10954650 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57216-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Many applications in environmental and biological sensing, standoff detection, and astronomy rely on devices that operate in the mid-infrared range, where active devices can play a critical role in advancing discovery and innovation. Nanostructured graphene has been proposed for active miniaturized mid-infrared devices via excitation of tunable surface plasmons, but typically present low efficiencies due to weak coupling with free-space radiation and plasmon damping. Here we present a strategy to enhance the light-graphene coupling efficiency, in which graphene plasmons couple with gold localized plasmons, creating novel hybridized plasmonic modes. We demonstrate a metasurface in which hybrid plasmons are excited with transmission modulation rates of 17% under moderate doping (0.35 eV) and in ambient conditions. We also evaluate the metasurface as a mid-infrared modulator, measuring switching speeds of up to 16 kHz. Finally, we propose a scheme in which we can excite strongly coupled gold-graphene gap plasmons in the thermal radiation range, with applications to nonlinear optics, slow light, and sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Feinstein
- Department of Physics, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY, 11367, USA
- The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Euclides Almeida
- Department of Physics, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY, 11367, USA.
- The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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9
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Ahmadi H, Ahmadi Z, Razmjooei N, Pasdari-Kia M, Bagheri A, Saghaei H, Arik K, Oraizi H. Line-wave waveguide engineering using Hermitian and non-Hermitian metasurfaces. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5704. [PMID: 38459080 PMCID: PMC10923917 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56049-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Line waves (LWs) refer to confined edge modes that propagate along the interface of dual electromagnetic metasurfaces while maintaining mirror reflection symmetries. Previous research has both theoretically and experimentally investigated these waves, revealing their presence in the microwave and terahertz frequency ranges. In addition, a comprehensive exploration has been conducted on the implementation of non-Hermitian LWs by establishing the parity-time symmetry. This study introduces a cutting-edge dual-band line-wave waveguide, enabling the realization of LWs within the terahertz and infrared spectrums. Our work is centered around analyzing the functionalities of existing applications of LWs within a specific field. In addition, a novel non-Hermitian platform is proposed. We address feasible practical implementations of non-Hermitian LWs by placing a graphene-based metasurface on an epsilon-near-zero material. This study delves into the advantages of the proposed framework compared to previously examined structures, involving both analytical and numerical examinations of how these waves propagate and the underlying physical mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haddi Ahmadi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, 11155-4365, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Ahmadi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, 197-14115, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Razmjooei
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, 76019, USA
| | - Mohammad Pasdari-Kia
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, 11155-4365, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirmasood Bagheri
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, 11155-4365, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamed Saghaei
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, 8813733395, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Kamalodin Arik
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, 11155-4365, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homayoon Oraizi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, 1684613114, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Upcraft D, Oh SH, Kim M. Simultaneous generation and manipulation of terahertz waves based on nonlinear leaky-waveguide antennas with integrated bianisotropic metasurfaces. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:5837-5850. [PMID: 38439300 DOI: 10.1364/oe.515363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
We hereby propose and theoretically investigate a new scheme for simultaneous generation and manipulation of terahertz (THz) waves through difference frequency generation facilitated by a metasurface-assisted nonlinear leaky waveguide antenna. The proposed structure integrates a nonlinear optical waveguide, composed of multiple AlxGa1-xAs layers, with a THz leaky waveguide, wherein a bianisotropic metasurface realizes the radiating aperture. By explicitly utilizing the electric, magnetic, and magnetoelectric coupling responses of the metasurface, we demonstrate that the generated THz wave can be induced as a tightly confined, phase-matched guided mode for efficient generation of the THz wave. Additionally, this approach allows the THz wave to be transformed into a directive beam, radiating at a user-defined leakage rate and direction. Our numerical analyses suggest that THz beams ranging from 2.85 THz to 3.05 THz can be steered from 4 ∘ to 40 ∘, utilizing the inherent beam-steering capabilities of the leaky-waveguide antenna. Within this THz frequency spectrum, the phase matching condition is achieved by adjusting the optical wavelengths between 1.6μm and 1.52μm. In particular, the nonlinear conversion efficiency is 2.9 × 10-5 [1/W] at 3 THz.
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11
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Kuang X, Pantaleón Peralta PA, Angel Silva-Guillén J, Yuan S, Guinea F, Zhan Z. Optical properties and plasmons in moiré structures. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:173001. [PMID: 38232397 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad1f8c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The discoveries of numerous exciting phenomena in twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) are stimulating significant investigations on moiré structures that possess a tunable moiré potential. Optical response can provide insights into the electronic structures and transport phenomena of non-twisted and twisted moiré structures. In this article, we review both experimental and theoretical studies of optical properties such as optical conductivity, dielectric function, non-linear optical response, and plasmons in moiré structures composed of graphene, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), and/or transition metal dichalcogenides. Firstly, a comprehensive introduction to the widely employed methodology on optical properties is presented. After, moiré potential induced optical conductivity and plasmons in non-twisted structures are reviewed, such as single layer graphene-hBN, bilayer graphene-hBN and graphene-metal moiré heterostructures. Next, recent investigations of twist-angle dependent optical response and plasmons are addressed in twisted moiré structures. Additionally, we discuss how optical properties and plasmons could contribute to the understanding of the many-body effects and superconductivity observed in moiré structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueheng Kuang
- Yangtze Delta Industrial Innovation Center of Quantum Science and Technology, Suzhou 215000, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Jose Angel Silva-Guillén
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados, IMDEA Nanociencia, Calle Faraday 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Shengjun Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of the Ministry of Education and School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan 430206, People's Republic of China
| | - Francisco Guinea
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados, IMDEA Nanociencia, Calle Faraday 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizábal 4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Zhen Zhan
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados, IMDEA Nanociencia, Calle Faraday 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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12
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Fedorov AS, Eremkin EV, Krasnov PO, Gerasimov VS, Ågren H, Polyutov SP. A hybrid quantum-classical theory for predicting terahertz charge-transfer plasmons in metal nanoparticles on graphene. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:044117. [PMID: 38294310 DOI: 10.1063/5.0178247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Metal nanoparticle (NP) complexes lying on a single-layer graphene surface are studied with a developed original hybrid quantum-classical theory using the Finite Element Method (FEM) that is computationally cheap. Our theory is based on the motivated assumption that the carrier charge density in the doped graphene does not vary significantly during the plasmon oscillations. Charge transfer plasmon (CTP) frequencies, eigenvectors, quality factors, energy loss in the NPs and in graphene, and the absorption power are aspects that are theoretically studied and numerically calculated. It is shown the CTP frequencies reside in the terahertz range and can be represented as a product of two factors: the Fermi level of graphene and the geometry of the NP complex. The energy losses in the NPs are predicted to be inversely dependent on the radius R of the nanoparticle, while the loss in graphene is proportional to R and the interparticle distance. The CTP quality factors are predicted to be in the range ∼10-100. The absorption power under CTP excitation is proportional to the scalar product of the CTP dipole moment and the external electromagnetic field. The developed theory makes it possible to simulate different properties of CTPs 3-4 orders of magnitude faster compared to the original FEM or the finite-difference time domain method, providing possibilities for predicting the plasmonic properties of very large systems for different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Fedorov
- International Research Center of Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemistry, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Kirensky Institute of Physics, Federal Research Center KSC SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - E V Eremkin
- International Research Center of Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemistry, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - P O Krasnov
- International Research Center of Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemistry, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - V S Gerasimov
- Institute of Computational Modeling SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - H Ågren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S P Polyutov
- International Research Center of Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemistry, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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13
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Caridad J, Castelló Ó, López Baptista SM, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Roskos HG, Delgado-Notario JA. Room-Temperature Plasmon-Assisted Resonant THz Detection in Single-Layer Graphene Transistors. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:935-942. [PMID: 38165655 PMCID: PMC10811671 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Frequency-selective or even frequency-tunable terahertz (THz) photodevices are critical components for many technological applications that require nanoscale manipulation, control, and confinement of light. Within this context, gate-tunable phototransistors based on plasmonic resonances are often regarded as the most promising devices for the frequency-selective detection of THz radiation. The exploitation of constructive interference of plasma waves in such detectors promises not only frequency selectivity but also a pronounced sensitivity enhancement at target frequencies. However, clear signatures of plasmon-assisted resonances in THz detectors have been revealed only at cryogenic temperatures so far and remain unobserved at application-relevant room-temperature conditions. In this work, we demonstrate the sought-after room-temperature resonant detection of THz radiation in short-channel gated photodetectors made from high-quality single-layer graphene. The survival of this intriguing resonant regime at room temperature ultimately relies on the weak intrinsic electron-phonon scattering in monolayer graphene, which avoids the damping of the plasma oscillations present in the device channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- José
M. Caridad
- Department
of Applied Physics, University of Salamanca, Salamanca 37008, Spain
- Unidad
de Excelencia en Luz y Materia Estructurada (LUMES), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca 37008, Spain
| | - Óscar Castelló
- Department
of Applied Physics, University of Salamanca, Salamanca 37008, Spain
- Unidad
de Excelencia en Luz y Materia Estructurada (LUMES), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca 37008, Spain
| | | | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Research
Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research
Center for Electronic and Optical Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Hartmut G. Roskos
- Physikalisches
Institut, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, Frankfurt am Main D-60438, Germany
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14
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Zeng G, Bi X, Liu L, Zhuang Y, Fang Z, Qi M, Xiao L, Qin C, Jia S. Tunable Optical Display of Multilayer Graphene through Lithium Intercalation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:53688-53696. [PMID: 37956364 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The tunable optical display is vital for many application fields in telecommunications, sensors, and military devices. However, most optical materials have a strong wavelength dependence, which limits their spectral operation range. In this work, we develop an electrically reconfigurable optical medium based on graphene, demonstrating a cycle-controlled display covering the electromagnetic spectrum from the visible to the infrared wavelength. Through an electro-intercalation method, the graphene-based surface enables rich colors from gray to dark blue to dark red to yellow, and the response time is about 1 min from the start gray color to the final yellow color. Simultaneously, it exhibits a remarkable change in infrared emissivity (from 0.63 to 0.80 reduction to 0.20) with a response time of 1 s. This modification of optical properties of lithiated multilayer graphene (MLG) is the increase of Fermi energy (Ef) due to the charge transfer from lithium (Li) to graphene layers, which causes changes in interband and intraband electronic transitions. Our findings imply potential value in fabricating multispectral optical materials with high tunability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganying Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Xiaoxue Bi
- Key Laboratory of National Defense Science and Technology on Electroni Measurement, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Longhao Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Defense Science and Technology on Electroni Measurement, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Yan Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of National Defense Science and Technology on Electroni Measurement, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Zhenyu Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Minru Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Liantuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Chengbing Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Suotang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
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15
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Izquierdo-López R, Fandan R, Boscá A, Calle F, Pedrós J. Surface-acoustic-wave-driven graphene plasmonic sensor for fingerprinting ultrathin biolayers down to the monolayer limit. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 237:115498. [PMID: 37423065 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Surface plasmon polaritons in graphene can enhance the performance of mid-infrared spectroscopy, which is key for the study of both the composition and the conformation of organic molecules via their vibrational resonances. In this paper, a plasmonic biosensor using a graphene-based van der Waals heterostructure on a piezoelectric substrate is theoretically demonstrated, where far-field light is coupled to surface plasmon-phonon polaritons (SPPPs) through a surface acoustic wave (SAW). The SAW creates an electrically-controlled virtual diffraction grating, suppressing the need for patterning the 2D materials, that limits the polariton lifetime, and enabling differential measurement schemes, which increase the signal-to-noise ratio and allow a quick commutation between reference and sample signals. A transfer matrix method has been used for simulating the SPPPs propagating in the system, which are electrically tuned to interact with the vibrational resonances of the analytes. Furthermore, the analysis of the sensor response with a coupled oscillators model has proven its capability of fingerprinting ultrathin biolayers, even when the interaction is too weak to induce a Fano interference pattern, with a sensitivity down to the monolayer limit, as tested with a protein bilayer or a peptide monolayer. The proposed device paves the way for the development of advanced SAW-assisted lab-on-chip systems combining the existing SAW-mediated physical sensing and microfluidic functionalities with the chemical fingerprinting capability of this novel SAW-driven plasmonic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Izquierdo-López
- Instituto de Sistemas Optoelectrónicos y Microtecnología, Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, E.T.S.I. de Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Av. Complutense 30, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
| | - Rajveer Fandan
- Instituto de Sistemas Optoelectrónicos y Microtecnología, Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, E.T.S.I. de Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Av. Complutense 30, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Alberto Boscá
- Instituto de Sistemas Optoelectrónicos y Microtecnología, Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, E.T.S.I. de Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Av. Complutense 30, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Fernando Calle
- Instituto de Sistemas Optoelectrónicos y Microtecnología, Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, E.T.S.I. de Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Av. Complutense 30, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Jorge Pedrós
- Instituto de Sistemas Optoelectrónicos y Microtecnología, Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, E.T.S.I. de Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Av. Complutense 30, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
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16
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Wang HY, Ma R, Liu GD, Wang LL, Lin Q. Optical force conversion and conveyor belt effect with coupled graphene plasmon waveguide modes. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:32422-32433. [PMID: 37859046 DOI: 10.1364/oe.495863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
We propose a double-layer graphene sheets side coupling to a strip of graphene to obtain the optical pulling or pushing force. Combined with coupled mode theory and finite-difference time-domain simulations, it is found that the conveyor belt effect can be realized in conjunction with the lateral optical equilibrium effect upon the radiation loss κe equal to the intrinsic loss κo. The maximum total optical force acting on the strip in the symmetric mode (S-mode) can be up to ∼5.95 in the unit of 1/c and the anti-symmetric (AS-mode) mode reach ∼2.75 1/c. The optical trapping potential Ux and optical trapping force Fx for the S-mode have a value around -22.5 kBT/W and 240 pN/W, while for the AS-mode can up to ∼-56 kBT/W and 520 pN/W, respectively. Our work opens a new avenue for optical manipulation with potential applications in optoelectronic devices and lab-on-a-chip platforms.
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17
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Silkin VM, Drechsler SL, Efremov DV. Unusual Low-Energy Collective Charge Excitations in High- Tc Cuprate Superconductors. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:8060-8068. [PMID: 37655950 PMCID: PMC10510710 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite decades of intensive experimental and theoretical efforts, the physics of cuprate high-temperature superconductors in general, and, in particular, their normal state, is still under debate. Here, we report our investigation of low-energy charge excitations in the normal state. We find that the peculiarities of the electronic band structure at low energies have a profound impact on the nature of the intraband collective modes. It gives rise to a new kind of mode with huge intensity and non-Lorentzian spectral function in addition to well-known collective excitations like conventional plasmons and spin fluctuation. We predict two such modes with maximal spectral weight in the nodal and antinodal directions. Additionally, we found a long-living quasi-one-dimensional plasmon becoming an intense soft mode over an extended momentum range along the antinodal direction. These modes might explain some of the resonant inelastic X-ray scattering spectroscopy data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyacheslav M. Silkin
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 San Sebastián/Donostia, Basque Country, Spain
- Departamento
de Polímeros y Materiales Avanzados: Física,
Química y Tecnología, Facultad de Ciencias
Químicas, Universidad del País
Vasco UPV/EHU, 20080 San Sebastián/Donostia, Basque Country, Spain
- IKERBASQUE,
Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Stefan-Ludwig Drechsler
- Leibniz
Institute for Solid State and Materials Research IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dmitry V. Efremov
- Leibniz
Institute for Solid State and Materials Research IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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18
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Chen Z, Li D, Zhou H, Liu T, Mu X. A hybrid graphene metamaterial absorber for enhanced modulation and molecular fingerprint retrieval. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:14100-14108. [PMID: 37581407 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr02830e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) has proven its ability to improve the detection performance of traditional infrared spectroscopy at unprecedented levels. However, the resonant frequency of the metamaterial absorber (MA) lacks tunability once the structure is fabricated, which poses a challenge for broadband fingerprint retrieval of molecules. Here, we propose a pixelated and electric tunable hybrid graphene MA with a broadband response for molecular fingerprint retrieval. Loss engineering is employed to optimize the sensing sensitivity of MA. The resonant frequency of MA is approximately linearly modulated with a change in the graphene Fermi level. This design allows a meta-pixel to match multiple characteristic absorption spectra, thereby establishing a one-to-many mapping relationship between spatial and spectral information. The one-to-many mapping relationship greatly reduces the number of meta-pixels. As a concept demonstration, we integrate 9 meta-pixels to achieve full spectral coverage from 1000 cm-1 to 2000 cm-1. Based on the broadband spectral properties of the sensor, we demonstrate its potential for multi-fingerprint detection, quantitative detection, chemical identification, and compositional analysis. Our proposed hybrid graphene MA can be easily integrated with other on-chip devices, providing a potential platform for optical sensing, infrared spectroscopy, and photodetection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems of Ministry of Education, International R & D center of Micro-nano Systems and New Materials Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Dongxiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems of Ministry of Education, International R & D center of Micro-nano Systems and New Materials Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Hong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems of Ministry of Education, International R & D center of Micro-nano Systems and New Materials Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Tao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems of Ministry of Education, International R & D center of Micro-nano Systems and New Materials Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Xiaojing Mu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems of Ministry of Education, International R & D center of Micro-nano Systems and New Materials Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
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19
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Zhang J, Li J, Chen S, Wen K, Liu W. Quadruple Plasmon-Induced Transparency and Dynamic Tuning Based on Bilayer Graphene Terahertz Metamaterial. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2474. [PMID: 37686982 PMCID: PMC10490479 DOI: 10.3390/nano13172474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
This study proposes a terahertz metamaterial structure composed of a silicon-graphene-silicon sandwich, aiming to achieve quadruple plasmon-induced transparency (PIT). This phenomenon arises from the interaction coupling of bright-dark modes within the structure. The results obtained from the coupled mode theory (CMT) calculations align with the simulations ones using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. Based on the electric field distributions at the resonant frequencies of the five bright modes, it is found that the energy localizations of the original five bright modes undergo diffusion and transfer under the influence of the dark mode. Additionally, the impact of the Fermi level of graphene on the transmission spectrum is discussed. The results reveal that the modulation depths (MDs) of 94.0%, 92.48%, 93.54%, 96.54%, 97.51%, 92.86%, 94.82%, and 88.20%, with corresponding insertion losses (ILs) of 0.52 dB, 0.98 dB, 1.37 dB, 0.70 dB, 0.43 dB, 0.63 dB, 0.16 dB, and 0.17 dB at the specific frequencies, are obtained, achieving multiple switching effects. This model holds significant potential for applications in versatile modulators and optical switches in the terahertz range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Zhang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (J.Z.); (J.L.); (S.C.)
| | - Junyi Li
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (J.Z.); (J.L.); (S.C.)
| | - Shuxian Chen
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (J.Z.); (J.L.); (S.C.)
| | - Kunhua Wen
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (J.Z.); (J.L.); (S.C.)
- Institute of Advanced Photonics Technology, School of Information Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China;
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Technology for Integrated Sensing and Communication, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- Institute of Advanced Photonics Technology, School of Information Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China;
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Technology for Integrated Sensing and Communication, Ministry of Education of China, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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20
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Li D, Xu C, Xie J, Lee C. Research Progress in Surface-Enhanced Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy: From Performance Optimization, Sensing Applications, to System Integration. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2377. [PMID: 37630962 PMCID: PMC10458771 DOI: 10.3390/nano13162377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Infrared absorption spectroscopy is an effective tool for the detection and identification of molecules. However, its application is limited by the low infrared absorption cross-section of the molecule, resulting in low sensitivity and a poor signal-to-noise ratio. Surface-Enhanced Infrared Absorption (SEIRA) spectroscopy is a breakthrough technique that exploits the field-enhancing properties of periodic nanostructures to amplify the vibrational signals of trace molecules. The fascinating properties of SEIRA technology have aroused great interest, driving diverse sensing applications. In this review, we first discuss three ways for SEIRA performance optimization, including material selection, sensitivity enhancement, and bandwidth improvement. Subsequently, we discuss the potential applications of SEIRA technology in fields such as biomedicine and environmental monitoring. In recent years, we have ushered in a new era characterized by the Internet of Things, sensor networks, and wearable devices. These new demands spurred the pursuit of miniaturized and consolidated infrared spectroscopy systems and chips. In addition, the rise of machine learning has injected new vitality into SEIRA, bringing smart device design and data analysis to the foreground. The final section of this review explores the anticipated trajectory that SEIRA technology might take, highlighting future trends and possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxiao Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore; (D.L.); (C.X.); (J.X.)
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore; (D.L.); (C.X.); (J.X.)
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Junsheng Xie
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore; (D.L.); (C.X.); (J.X.)
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore; (D.L.); (C.X.); (J.X.)
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117608, Singapore
- NUS Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou 215123, China
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21
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He MJ, Guo X, Qi H, Zheng ZH, Antezza M, Tan HP. Performance improvement of three-body radiative diodes driven by graphene surface plasmon polaritons. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:20782-20793. [PMID: 37401379 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01912h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
As an analogue to an electrical diode, a radiative thermal diode allows radiation to transfer more efficiently in one direction than in the opposite direction by operating in a contactless mode. In this study, we demonstrated that within the framework of three-body photon thermal tunneling, the rectification performance of a three-body radiative diode can be greatly improved by bringing graphene into the system. The system is composed of three parallel slabs, with the hot and cold terminals of the diode coated with graphene films and the intermediate body made of vanadium dioxide (VO2). The rectification factor of the proposed radiative thermal diode reaches 300% with a 350 nm separation distance between the hot and cold terminals of the diode. With the help of graphene, the rectification performance of the radiative thermal diode can be improved by over 11 times. By analyzing the spectral heat flux and energy transmission coefficients, it was found that the improved performance is primarily attributed to the surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) of graphene. They excite the modes of insulating VO2 in the forward-biased scenario by forming strongly coupled modes between graphene and VO2 and thus dramatically enhance the heat flux. However, for the reverse-biased scenario, the VO2 is at its metallic state, and thus, graphene SPPs cannot work by three-body photon thermal tunneling. Furthermore, the improvement was also investigated for different chemical potentials of graphene and geometric parameters of the three-body system. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of using thermal-photon-based logical circuits, creating radiation-based communication technology and implementing thermal management approaches at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jian He
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Thermophysics, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Xue Guo
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Thermophysics, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Hong Qi
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Thermophysics, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Heng Zheng
- School of Energy and Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Engineering Materials Application and Evaluation, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, China.
| | - Mauro Antezza
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), UMR 5221 CNRS-Université de Montpellier, F-34095 Montpellier, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, F-75231 Paris, France
| | - He-Ping Tan
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Thermophysics, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China
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22
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Yang J, Yang Q, Zhang Y, Wei X, Shi H. Graphene nanowalls in photodetectors. RSC Adv 2023; 13:22838-22862. [PMID: 37520101 PMCID: PMC10375065 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03104g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene nanowalls (GNWs) have emerged as a promising material in the field of photodetection, thanks to their exceptional optical, electrical, mechanical, and thermodynamic properties. However, the lack of a comprehensive review in this domain hinders the understanding of GNWs' development and potential applications. This review aims to provide a systematic summary and analysis of the current research status and challenges in GNW-based photodetectors. We begin by outlining the growth mechanisms and methods of GNWs, followed by a discussion on their physical properties. Next, we categorize and analyze the latest research progress in GNW photodetectors, focusing on photovoltaic, photoconductive, and photothermal detectors. Lastly, we offer a summary and outlook, identifying potential challenges and outlining industry development directions. This review serves as a valuable reference for researchers and industry professionals in understanding and exploring the opportunities of GNW materials in photodetection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chongqing 400714 P. R. China
| | - Qi Yang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chongqing 400714 P. R. China
| | - Yongna Zhang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chongqing 400714 P. R. China
| | - Xingzhan Wei
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chongqing 400714 P. R. China
| | - Haofei Shi
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chongqing 400714 P. R. China
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23
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Hu X, Lu C, Zhao X, Gu Y, Lu M, Sun D. A multi-parameter tunable plasmon modulator. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11483. [PMID: 37460748 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38799-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Multi-parameter control of light is a key functionality to modulate optical signals in photonic integrated circuits for various applications. However, the traditional optical modulators can only control one or two properties of light at the same time. Herein, we propose a hybrid structure which can modulate the amplitude, wavelength and phase of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) simultaneously to overcome these limitations. The numerical results show that when the Fermi level of graphene changes from 0.3 to 0.9 eV, the variation of optical transmission, wavelength and phase are 32.7 dB, 428 nm and 306°, respectively. The demonstrated structure triggers an approach for the realization of ultracompact modulation and has potential applications in the fields of optical switches, communications and photo-detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefang Hu
- College of Digital Technology and Engineering, Ningbo University of Finance & Economics, Ningbo, 315175, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Optical Information Detection and Display Technology of Zhejiang, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Changgui Lu
- Advanced Photonics Center, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangyue Zhao
- Advanced Photonics Center, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yinwei Gu
- Advanced Photonics Center, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengjia Lu
- Advanced Photonics Center, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dechao Sun
- College of Digital Technology and Engineering, Ningbo University of Finance & Economics, Ningbo, 315175, Zhejiang, China
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24
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Xiao K, Li J, Zhang H, Jiang H, Zhao W. Dynamically Adjusting Borophene-Based Plasmon-Induced Transparency in a Polymer-Separated Hybrid System for Broadband-Tunable Sensing. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3060. [PMID: 37514448 PMCID: PMC10386136 DOI: 10.3390/polym15143060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Borophene, an emerging two-dimensional (2D) material platform, is capable of supporting highly confined plasmonic modes in the visible and near-infrared wavebands. This provides a novel building block for light manipulation at the deep subwavelength scale, thus making it well-suited for designing ultracompact optical devices. Here, we theoretically explore a borophene-based plasmonic hybrid system comprising a continuous borophene monolayer (CBM) and sodium nanostrip gratings (SNGs), separated by a polymer spacer layer. In such a structure, a dynamically tunable plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) effect can be achieved by strongly coupling dark and bright plasmonic modes, while actively controlling borophene. Here, the bright mode is generated through the localized plasmon resonance of SNGs when directly excited by TM-polarized incident light. Meanwhile, the dark mode corresponds to a propagating borophene surface plasmon (BSP) mode in the CBM waveguide, which cannot be directly excited, but requires phase matching with the assistance of SNGs. The thickness of the polymer layer has a significant impact on the coupling strength of the two modes. Owing to the BSP mode, highly sensitive to variations in the ambient refractive index (RI), this borophene-based hybrid system exhibits a good RI-sensing performance (643.8 nm/RIU) associated with a wide range of dynamically adjustable wavebands (1420-2150 nm) by tuning the electron density of borophene. This work offers a novel concept for designing active plasmonic sensors dependent on electrically gating borophene, which has promising applications in next-generation point-of-care (PoC) biomedical diagnostic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunpeng Xiao
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Junming Li
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huan Jiang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weiren Zhao
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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25
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Lee S, Seo D, Park SH, Izquierdo N, Lee EH, Younas R, Zhou G, Palei M, Hoffman AJ, Jang MS, Hinkle CL, Koester SJ, Low T. Achieving near-perfect light absorption in atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides through band nesting. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3889. [PMID: 37393324 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39450-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Near-perfect light absorbers (NPLAs), with absorbance, [Formula: see text], of at least 99%, have a wide range of applications ranging from energy and sensing devices to stealth technologies and secure communications. Previous work on NPLAs has mainly relied upon plasmonic structures or patterned metasurfaces, which require complex nanolithography, limiting their practical applications, particularly for large-area platforms. Here, we use the exceptional band nesting effect in TMDs, combined with a Salisbury screen geometry, to demonstrate NPLAs using only two or three uniform atomic layers of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). The key innovation in our design, verified using theoretical calculations, is to stack monolayer TMDs in such a way as to minimize their interlayer coupling, thus preserving their strong band nesting properties. We experimentally demonstrate two feasible routes to controlling the interlayer coupling: twisted TMD bi-layers and TMD/buffer layer/TMD tri-layer heterostructures. Using these approaches, we demonstrate room-temperature values of [Formula: see text]=95% at λ=2.8 eV with theoretically predicted values as high as 99%. Moreover, the chemical variety of TMDs allows us to design NPLAs covering the entire visible range, paving the way for efficient atomically-thin optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungjun Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Dongjea Seo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Sang Hyun Park
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Nezhueytl Izquierdo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Eng Hock Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Rehan Younas
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Guanyu Zhou
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Milan Palei
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Anthony J Hoffman
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Min Seok Jang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Christopher L Hinkle
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Steven J Koester
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| | - Tony Low
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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26
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Wang H, Linghu J, Wang X, Zhao Q, Shen H. Angular-Dependent THz Modulator with Hybrid Metal-Graphene Metastructures. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1914. [PMID: 37446430 DOI: 10.3390/nano13131914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The coupling effects of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) from metamaterials induce variation in both the frequency and intensity of plasmonic modes. Here, we report an angular-dependent THz modulator with hybrid metal-graphene metastructures. The metastructures composed of the period gold split-rod arrays on top of a monolayer graphene, which show redshift modulation in the THz region with an increasing incident angle due to the strong out-of-plane magnetic flux introduced by the clockwise circular current at the oblique incidence. By utilizing graphene-based actively tunable conductor with ion-gel electrical gating, the THz transmission can be significantly modified. The modulation depth of the hybrid metal-graphene metastructure modulator can reach ~37.6% at 0.62 THz with a gate voltage of -3 V. The theoretical modeling of transmitted dependency on frequency and incident angle is demonstrated at different Fermi energies, which fits well with the experimental results. This hybrid device can offer a useful method for THz applications (such as angle sensors or angular-resolved spectroscopy), where angle-dependent modulation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- School of Science, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jiajun Linghu
- School of Science, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xuezhi Wang
- School of Science, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Qiyi Zhao
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Posts & Telecommunications, Xi'an 710121, China
| | - Hao Shen
- School of Science, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710061, China
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27
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Fresno F, Iglesias-Juez A, Coronado JM. Photothermal Catalytic CO 2 Conversion: Beyond Catalysis and Photocatalysis. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2023; 381:21. [PMID: 37253819 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-023-00430-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the combination of both thermal and photochemical contributions has provided interesting opportunities for solar upgrading of catalytic processes. Photothermal catalysis works at the interface between purely photochemical processes, which involve the direct conversion of photon energy into chemical energy, and classical thermal catalysis, in which the catalyst is activated by temperature. Thus, photothermal catalysis acts in two different ways on the energy path of the reaction. This combined catalysis, of which the fundamental principles will be reviewed here, is particularly promising for the activation of small reactive molecules at moderate temperatures compared to thermal catalysis and with higher reaction rates than those attained in photocatalysis, and it has gained a great deal of attention in the last years. Among the different applications of photothermal catalysis, CO2 conversion is probably the most studied, although reaction mechanisms and photonic-thermal synergy pathways are still quite unclear and, from the reaction route point of view, it can be said that photothermal-catalytic CO2 reduction processes are still in their infancy. This article intends to provide an overview of the principles underpinning photothermal catalysis and its application to the conversion of CO2 into useful molecules, with application essentially as fuels but also as chemical building blocks. The most relevant specific cases published to date will be also reviewed from the viewpoint of selectivity towards the most frequent target products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Fresno
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica (ICP), CSIC, C/Marie Curie 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana Iglesias-Juez
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica (ICP), CSIC, C/Marie Curie 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan M Coronado
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica (ICP), CSIC, C/Marie Curie 2, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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28
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Feres FH, Barcelos ID, Cadore AR, Wehmeier L, Nörenberg T, Mayer RA, Freitas RO, Eng LM, Kehr SC, Maia FCB. Graphene Nano-Optics in the Terahertz Gap. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:3913-3920. [PMID: 37126430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Graphene nano-optics at terahertz (THz) frequencies (ν) is theoretically anticipated to feature extraordinary effects. However, interrogating such phenomena is nontrivial, since the atomically thin graphene dimensionally mismatches the THz radiation wavelength reaching hundreds of micrometers. Greater challenges happen in the THz gap (0.1-10 THz) wherein light sources are scarce. To surpass these barriers, we use a nanoscope illuminated by a highly brilliant and tunable free-electron laser to image the graphene nano-optical response from 1.5 to 6.0 THz. For ν < 2 THz, we observe a metal-like behavior of graphene, which screens optical fields akin to noble metals, since this excitation range approaches its charge relaxation frequency. At 3.8 THz, plasmonic resonances cause a field-enhancement effect (FEE) that improves the graphene imaging power. Moreover, we show that the metallic behavior and the FEE are tunable upon electrical doping, thus providing further control of these graphene nano-optical properties in the THz gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávio H Feres
- "Gleb Wataghin" Institute of Physics, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-859, Brazil
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
- Institute of Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ingrid D Barcelos
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Alisson R Cadore
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory LNNano, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Lukas Wehmeier
- Institute of Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States of America
| | - Tobias Nörenberg
- Institute of Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence - EXC 2147 (ct.qmat), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Rafael A Mayer
- "Gleb Wataghin" Institute of Physics, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-859, Brazil
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Raul O Freitas
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Lukas M Eng
- Institute of Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence - EXC 2147 (ct.qmat), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne C Kehr
- Institute of Applied Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence - EXC 2147 (ct.qmat), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Francisco C B Maia
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
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29
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Yang G, Liu Z, Zhou F, Zhuo S, Qin Y, Luo X, Ji C, Xie Y, Yang R. Effect of symmetry breaking on multi-plasmon-induced transparency based on single-layer graphene metamaterials with strips and rings. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2023; 40:841-848. [PMID: 37133181 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.480646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A single-layer graphene metamaterial consisting of a horizontal graphene strip, four vertical graphene strips, and two graphene rings is proposed to realize tunable multi-plasma-induced transparency (MPIT) by the coupled mode theory and the finite-difference time-domain method. A switch with three modulation modes is realized by dynamically adjusting the Fermi level of graphene. Moreover, the effect of symmetry breaking on MPIT is investigated by controlling the geometric parameters of graphene metamaterials. Triple-PIT, dual-PIT, single-PIT can be transformed into each other. The proposed structure and results provide guidance for applications such as designing photoelectric switches and modulators.
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30
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Kim M, Kim SH, Kang C, Kim S, Kee CS. Highly efficient graphene terahertz modulator with tunable electromagnetically induced transparency-like transmission. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6680. [PMID: 37095302 PMCID: PMC10126146 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34020-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene-based optical modulators have been extensively studied owing to the high mobility and tunable permittivity of graphene. However, weak graphene-light interactions make it difficult to achieve a high modulation depth with low energy consumption. Here, we propose a high-performance graphene-based optical modulator consisting of a photonic crystal structure and a waveguide with graphene that exhibits an electromagnetically-induced-transparency-like (EIT-like) transmission spectrum at terahertz frequency. The high quality-factor guiding mode to generate the EIT-like transmission enhances light-graphene interaction, and the designed modulator achieves a high modulation depth of 98% with a significantly small Fermi level shift of 0.05 eV. The proposed scheme can be utilized in active optical devices that require low power consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myunghwan Kim
- Division of Applied Photonics System Research, Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
- Optical Packaging Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Gwangju, 61012, South Korea
| | - Seong-Han Kim
- Division of Applied Photonics System Research, Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
| | - Chul Kang
- Division of Applied Photonics System Research, Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea
| | - Soeun Kim
- Division of Applied Photonics System Research, Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea.
| | - Chul-Sik Kee
- Division of Applied Photonics System Research, Advanced Photonics Research Institute, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, South Korea.
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31
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Nagpal A, Zhou M, Ilic O, Yu Z, Atwater HA. Thermal metasurface with tunable narrowband absorption from a hybrid graphene/silicon photonic crystal resonance. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:11227-11238. [PMID: 37155763 DOI: 10.1364/oe.470198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We report the design of a tunable, narrowband, thermal metasurface that employs a hybrid resonance generated by coupling a tunable permittivity graphene ribbon to a silicon photonic crystal. The gated graphene ribbon array, proximitized to a high quality factor Si photonic crystal supporting a guided mode resonance, exhibits tunable narrowband absorbance lineshapes (Q > 10,000). Actively tuned Fermi level modulation in graphene with applied gate voltage between high absorptivity and low absorptivity states gives rise to absorbance on/off ratios exceeding 60. We employ coupled-mode theory as a computationally efficient approach to elements of the metasurface design, demonstrating an orders of magnitude speedup over typical finite element computational methods.
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32
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Elbanna A, Jiang H, Fu Q, Zhu JF, Liu Y, Zhao M, Liu D, Lai S, Chua XW, Pan J, Shen ZX, Wu L, Liu Z, Qiu CW, Teng J. 2D Material Infrared Photonics and Plasmonics. ACS NANO 2023; 17:4134-4179. [PMID: 36821785 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c10705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials including graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorus, MXenes, and semimetals have attracted extensive and widespread interest over the past years for their many intriguing properties and phenomena, underlying physics, and great potential for applications. The vast library of 2D materials and their heterostructures provides a diverse range of electrical, photonic, mechanical, and chemical properties with boundless opportunities for photonics and plasmonic devices. The infrared (IR) regime, with wavelengths across 0.78 μm to 1000 μm, has particular technological significance in industrial, military, commercial, and medical settings while facing challenges especially in the limit of materials. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the varied approaches taken to leverage the properties of the 2D materials for IR applications in photodetection and sensing, light emission and modulation, surface plasmon and phonon polaritons, non-linear optics, and Smith-Purcell radiation, among others. The strategies examined include the growth and processing of 2D materials, the use of various 2D materials like semiconductors, semimetals, Weyl-semimetals and 2D heterostructures or mixed-dimensional hybrid structures, and the engineering of light-matter interactions through nanophotonics, metasurfaces, and 2D polaritons. Finally, we give an outlook on the challenges in realizing high-performance and ambient-stable devices and the prospects for future research and large-scale commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elbanna
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Qundong Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- CINTRA CNRS/NTU/THALES, UMI 3288, Research Techno Plaza, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Juan-Feng Zhu
- Science, Mathematics and Technology (SMT), Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Yuanda Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Meng Zhao
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Dongjue Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Samuel Lai
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Xian Wei Chua
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Jisheng Pan
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Ze Xiang Shen
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, Energy Research Institute@NTU, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- The Photonics Institute and Center for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Lin Wu
- Science, Mathematics and Technology (SMT), Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138632, Singapore
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- CINTRA CNRS/NTU/THALES, UMI 3288, Research Techno Plaza, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Jinghua Teng
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634, Singapore
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33
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Bahrami M, Vasilopoulos P. Transverse Magnetic Surface Plasmons in Graphene Nanoribbon Qubits: The Influence of a VO 2 Substrate. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:718. [PMID: 36839087 PMCID: PMC9965028 DOI: 10.3390/nano13040718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We study the influence of the phase-change material VO2 on transverse magnetic (TM) surface plasmon (SP) modes in metallic arm-chair graphene nanoribbon (AGNR) qubits in the Lindhard approximation. We assess the effects of temperature as a dynamic knob for the transition from the insulating to the metallic phase on the TM SP modes in single-band (SB) and two-band (TB) transitions. We show that a VO2 substrate leads to TM SP modes in both SB and TB transitions. In addition, we observe that the SP modes have a lower frequency than those for a substrate of constant permittivity. In addition, we study the influence of the substrate-induced band gap Δ' on SP modes in TB transitions for the insulating and metallic phases of VO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousa Bahrami
- Bita Quantum AI Inc., 2021 Av. Atwater, Montréal, QC H3H 2P2, Canada
| | - Panagiotis Vasilopoulos
- Department of Physics, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Ouest, Montréal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
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Mehrfar AH, Majd AE. Responsivity enhancement of a PtSi photodetector with graphene by the photogating effect. APPLIED OPTICS 2023; 62:1160-1166. [PMID: 36821213 DOI: 10.1364/ao.480169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, by adding graphene to the platinum silicide (PtSi) photodetector and using the photogating effect, the responsivity is significantly improved in the PtSi photodetector. In this photodetector, the PtSi layer detects the light, and the graphene increases the responsivity with the photogating effect. The responsivity of the PtSi photodetector with graphene is 1.5 A/W in the optical power of 13.6 µW. The responsivity in the PtSi photodetector with graphene and without graphene is compared. By adding graphene to the PtSi photodetector, the responsivity is much improved compared to the conventional PtSi photodetector.
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35
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Deng K, Zeng X. Nonlocal effects investigation via the coupling between localized and acoustic plasmons. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:731-734. [PMID: 36723575 DOI: 10.1364/ol.475168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A scheme to investigate nonlocal effects in metal using the coupling between localized graphene plasmons (GPs) and acoustic plasmons (APs) is proposed. Because of the extremely strong field confinement property, the APs on a configuration consisting of monolayer graphene and a metal film have different dispersions when the nonlocal response is considered or not. A graphene nanoribbon array can efficiently couple incident light to the localized GPs on the ribbons and subsequently the APs. The strong coupling between the two kinds of plasmon, equivalent to electric field dipole interaction, is highly related to the acoustic plasmonic dispersion and induces different absorption spectra, depending on the dispersion. Using a very simple model, nonlocal effects can be extracted from the spectra. The investigation provides a promising platform to manipulate nanophotonics and study nonlocal effects.
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Xia-Hou YJ, Yu Y, Zheng JR, Yi J, Zhou J, Qin TX, You EM, Chen HL, Ding SY, Zhang L, Chang KL, Chen K, Moskovits M, Tian ZQ. Graphene Coated Dielectric Hierarchical Nanostructures for Highly Sensitive Broadband Infrared Sensing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206167. [PMID: 36504426 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Broadband infrared (IR) absorption is sought after for wide range of applications. Graphene can support IR plasmonic waves tightly bound to its surface, leading to an intensified near-field. However, the excitation of graphene plasmonic waves usually relies on resonances. Thus, it is still difficult to directly obtain both high near-field intensity and high absorption rate in ultra-broad IR band. Herein, a novel method is proposed to directly realize high near-field intensity in broadband IR band by graphene coated manganous oxide microwires featured hierarchical nanostructures (HNSs-MnO@Gr MWs) both experimentally and theoretically. Both near-field intensity and IR absorption of HNSs-MnO@Gr MWs are enhanced by at least one order of magnitude compared to microwires with smooth surfaces. The results demonstrate that the HNSs-MnO@Gr MWs support vibrational sensing of small organic molecules, covering the whole fingerprint region and function group region. Compared with the graphene-flake-based enhancers, the signal enhancement factors reach a record high of 103 . Furthermore, just a single HNSs-MnO@Gr MW can be constructed to realize sensitively photoresponse with high responsivity (over 3000 V W-1 ) from near-IR to mid-IR. The graphene coated dielectric hierarchical micro/nanoplatform with enhanced near-field intensity is scalable and can harness for potential applications including spectroscopy, optoelectronics, and sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jiao Xia-Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Yu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200083, P. R. China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Rong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jun Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200083, P. R. China
| | - Ting-Xiao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - En-Ming You
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Long Chen
- The Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Song-Yuan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Kai-Li Chang
- Center for the Physics of Low-Dimensional Materials, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Ke Chen
- Center for the Physics of Low-Dimensional Materials, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Martin Moskovits
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Zhong-Qun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
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Xie Z, Wang J, Yeow JTW. Flexible Multi-Element Photothermoelectric Detectors Based on Spray-Coated Graphene/Polyethylenimine Composites for Nondestructive Testing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:5921-5930. [PMID: 36649212 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Photothermoelectric (PTE) detectors receive much attention owing to the superiority of self-powered, non-bias input, and friendly ambient environments, facilitating abundant prospective applications in industrial inspection, medical diagnostics, homeland security, and wearable Internet of Things. However, many drawbacks of currently applicable PTE materials, involving unstable material oxidation, an uncontrollable fabrication process, and unscalable manufacturing, hinder the development of industrial productions. Herein, we demonstrate a vertical graphene/polyethylenimine composite PTE detector fabricated with an optimized spray-coating method in compact alignment on various surfaces, achieving a significant photovoltage detectivity and responsivity of 6.05 × 107 cm Hz1/2 W-1 and 2.7 V W-1 response at a 973 K blackbody temperature radiation (2.98 μm peak wavelength). In addition, the long-term stability and resistible concave and convex bending flexibility are presented. Furthermore, a nondestructive testing system is established and verified through high-spatial-resolution and high-penetration illustration. Overall, the spray-coated and flexible PTE graphene/polyethylenimine multi-elements with broadband infrared absorption compatibility and stable energy conversion are promising candidates for future health monitoring and wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhemiao Xie
- Advanced Micro-/Nano-Devices Lab, Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, OntarioN2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Advanced Micro-/Nano-Devices Lab, Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, OntarioN2L 3G1, Canada
| | - John T W Yeow
- Advanced Micro-/Nano-Devices Lab, Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, OntarioN2L 3G1, Canada
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38
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Deng J, Zhou J, Dai X, Bu Y, Li Z, Chen X. Photoresponse enhancement in a cavity-antenna-coupled graphene terahertz detector. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:1775-1781. [PMID: 36601861 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05503a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The unique and excellent optoelectronic properties of graphene make it a promising material for THz detection. However, the huge gap between the atomic thickness of graphene and the long wavelength of THz radiation severely limits the efficiency of light absorption and the photoresponse. Although optical antennas are commonly used to concentrate THz waves into deep subwavelength regions, a large amount of power is re-radiated out as waste rather than being absorbed by the active material. Here, we propose a cavity-antenna hybrid structure to enhance the THz absorption in a graphene flake through interference manipulation and impedance matching. The photoresponse of the device under an impedance-matched condition is 15 times higher than that under an impedance-mismatched condition. The cavity-antenna-coupled graphene THz detector exhibits a responsivity of 10.2 mA W-1 and a noise-equivalent power of 0.92 nW Hz-0.5. The excellent performance of our device makes it one of the best room temperature sub-THz graphene detectors that we investigated. A theoretical model was established to analyze the interaction between the antenna-coupled graphene and the cavity structure. With a combination of both electrostatic doping and interference manipulation, the light coupling management by impedance matching can enhance the absorptance of graphene by more than two orders of magnitude. This work experimentally and theoretically revealed that the cavity-antenna hybrid structure can prominently enhance the responsivity of a tiny piece of graphene in the sub-THz regime. Meanwhile, this strategy can also be applied to enhance the absorptance of other low-dimensional or bulk materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yonghao Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhifeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
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39
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Aguillon F, Borisov AG. Atomic-Scale Defects Might Determine the Second Harmonic Generation from Plasmonic Graphene Nanostructures. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:238-244. [PMID: 36594888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we theoretically investigate the impact of the atomic scale lattice imperfections of graphene nanoflakes on their nonlinear response enhanced by the resonance between an incident electromagnetic field and localized plasmon. As a case study, we address the second harmonic generation from graphene plasmonic nanoantennas of different symmetries with missing carbon atom vacancy defects in the honeycomb lattice. Using the many-body time-dependent density matrix approach, we find that one defect in the nanoflake comprising over five thousand carbon atoms can strongly impact the nonlinear hyperpolarizability and override the symmetry constraints. The effect reported here cannot be captured using the relaxation time approximation within the quantum or classical framework. Results obtained in this work have thus important implications for the design of nonlinear graphene devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Aguillon
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, UMR 8214, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 520, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Andrei G Borisov
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, UMR 8214, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 520, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
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40
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Abstract
Surface plasmons, which allow tight confinement of light, suffer from high intrinsic electronic losses. It has been shown that stimulated emission from excited electrons can transfer energy to plasmons and compensate for the high intrinsic losses. To-date, these realizations have relied on introducing an external gain media coupled to the surface plasmon. Here, we propose that plasmons in two-dimensional materials with closely located electron and hole Fermi pockets can be amplified, when an electrical current bias is applied along the displaced electron-hole pockets, without the need for an external gain media. As a prototypical example, we consider WTe2 from the family of 1T[Formula: see text]-MX2 materials, whose electronic structure can be described within a type-II tilted massive Dirac model. We find that the nonlocal plasmonic response experiences prominent gain for experimentally accessible currents on the order of mAμm-1. Furthermore, the group velocity of the plasmon found from the isofrequency curves imply that the amplified plasmons are highly collimated along a direction perpendicular to the Dirac node tilt when the electrical current is applied along it.
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41
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Zhang H, Fan X, Wang D, Zhang D, Li X, Zeng C. Electric Field-Controlled Damping Switches of Coupled Dirac Plasmons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:237402. [PMID: 36563194 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.237402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
For quasiparticle systems, the control of the quasiparticle lifetime is an important goal, determining whether the related fascinating physics can be revealed in fundamental research and utilized in practical applications. Here, we use double-layer graphene with a boron nitride spacer as a model system to demonstrate that the lifetime of coupled Dirac plasmons can be remotely tuned by electric field-controlled damping pathways. Essentially, one of the graphene layers serves as an external damping amplifier whose efficiency can be controlled by the corresponding doping level. Through this damping switch, the damping rate of the plasmon can be actively tuned up to 1.7 fold. This Letter provides a prototype design to actively control the lifetime of graphene plasmons and also broadens our horizon for the damping control of other quasiparticle systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- International Center for Quantum Design of Functional Materials (ICQD), Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, China
| | - Xiaodong Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- International Center for Quantum Design of Functional Materials (ICQD), Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, China
| | - Dongli Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- International Center for Quantum Design of Functional Materials (ICQD), Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, China
| | - Dongbo Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- International Center for Quantum Design of Functional Materials (ICQD), Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Changgan Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- International Center for Quantum Design of Functional Materials (ICQD), Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, China
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Jiang L, Kong KV, He S, Yong K. Plasmonic Biosensing with Nano‐Engineered Van der Waals Interfaces. Chempluschem 2022; 87:e202200221. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202200221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University 639798 Singapore Singapore
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation Centre for Optical and Electromagnetics Research JORCEP (Sino-Swedish Joint Research Center of Photonics) Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 P. R. China
- CINTRA CNRS/NTU/THALES, UMI 3288 Research Techno Plaza 50 Nanyang Drive Border X Block 637553 Singapore Singapore
| | - Kien Voon Kong
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University Taipei City Taiwan 10617
| | - Sailing He
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation Centre for Optical and Electromagnetics Research JORCEP (Sino-Swedish Joint Research Center of Photonics) Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 P. R. China
| | - Ken‐Tye Yong
- School of Biomedical Engineering The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
- The Biophotonics and MechanoBioengineering Lab The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia
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43
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Cheng M, Fu P, Chen S. Giant photonic spin Hall effect in bilayer borophene metasurfaces. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:40075-40086. [PMID: 36298946 DOI: 10.1364/oe.473351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We investigate theoretically the photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE) in bilayer borophene metasurfaces. Based on the combined effect of the Fabry-Perot resonance of the bilayer system and the resonant interaction of individual meta-atoms in borophene metasurface which lead to the topological transition, it is found that there exist giant PSHE shifts of the transmitted beams which can be flexibly regulated by adjusting the twist angle of metasurface bilayers, incident angle, spacer refractive index and spacer thickness. Near the topological transition of borophene metasurface the magnitude of PHSE shifts in bilayer borophene metasurfaces is generally on the order of tens of wavelengths and even on the order of hundreds of wavelengths near the epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) regions. The manipulation frequency range of the large PSHE shifts can reach hundreds of terahertz or even picohertz through adjusting the ribbon width of borophene metasurface or the electron density for borophene. It is found that in bilayer borophene metasurfaces there exist the ultrahigh sensitivity of the PSHE shifts to spacer refractive index, which can be applied to design the refractive index sensors with high performance.
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Negm A, Howlader MMR, Belyakov I, Bakr M, Ali S, Irannejad M, Yavuz M. Materials Perspectives of Integrated Plasmonic Biosensors. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7289. [PMID: 36295354 PMCID: PMC9611134 DOI: 10.3390/ma15207289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
With the growing need for portable, compact, low-cost, and efficient biosensors, plasmonic materials hold the promise to meet this need owing to their label-free sensitivity and deep light-matter interaction that can go beyond the diffraction limit of light. In this review, we shed light on the main physical aspects of plasmonic interactions, highlight mainstream and future plasmonic materials including their merits and shortcomings, describe the backbone substrates for building plasmonic biosensors, and conclude with a brief discussion of the factors affecting plasmonic biosensing mechanisms. To do so, we first observe that 2D materials such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides play a major role in enhancing the sensitivity of nanoparticle-based plasmonic biosensors. Then, we identify that titanium nitride is a promising candidate for integrated applications with performance comparable to that of gold. Our study highlights the emerging role of polymer substrates in the design of future wearable and point-of-care devices. Finally, we summarize some technical and economic challenges that should be addressed for the mass adoption of plasmonic biosensors. We believe this review will be a guide in advancing the implementation of plasmonics-based integrated biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Negm
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Matiar M. R. Howlader
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Ilya Belyakov
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Mohamed Bakr
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Shirook Ali
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Technology, Sheridan College, Brampton, ON L6Y 5H9, Canada
| | | | - Mustafa Yavuz
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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45
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Han X, Shen X, Zhou Y, Wang L, Ren Q, Cai Y, Abdi-Ghaleh R. Terahertz Vibrational Fingerprints Detection of Molecules with Particularly Designed Graphene Biosensors. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3422. [PMID: 36234549 PMCID: PMC9565571 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this research, an arc I-shaped graphene sensing structure with multi-resonance characteristics is proposed for the simultaneous detection of vibrational fingerprints with spectral separation in the terahertz range. The resonant frequencies of the sensor can be dynamically tuned by changing the gate voltage applied to the graphene arrays. The two vibrational fingerprints of lactose molecules (0.53 THz and 1.37 THz) in the transmission spectrum can be enhanced simultaneously by strictly optimizing the geometrical parameters of the sensor. More importantly, these two resonant frequencies can be tuned precisely to coincide with the two standard resonances of the lactose molecule. The physical mechanism of the sensor is revealed by inspection of the electric field intensity distribution, and the advantage of the sensor, which is its ability to operate at a wide range of incident angles, has been demonstrated. The sensing performance of the structure as a refractive index sensor has also been studied. Finally, a double arc I-shaped graphene sensor is further designed to overcome the polarization sensitivity, which demonstrates excellent molecular detection performance under different polarization conditions. This study may serve as a reference for designing graphene biosensors for molecular detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Han
- College of Communication and Information Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Xueqin Shen
- College of Communication and Information Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Yuanguo Zhou
- College of Communication and Information Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qiang Ren
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yijun Cai
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Devices, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China
| | - Reza Abdi-Ghaleh
- Department of Laser and Optical Engineering, University of Bonab, Bonab 5551761167, Iran
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46
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Nong J, Zhao B, Xiao X, Min C, Yuan X, Somekh M, Feng F. Bloch surface waves assisted active modulation of graphene electro-absorption in a wide near-infrared region. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:35085-35095. [PMID: 36258468 DOI: 10.1364/oe.461847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Light modulation has been recognized as one of the most fundamental operations in photonics. In this paper, we theoretically designed a Bloch surface wave assisted modulator for the active modulation of graphene electro-absorption. Simulations show that the strong localized electrical field generated by Bloch surface waves can significantly enhance the graphene electro-absorption up to 99.64%. Then by gate-tuning the graphene Fermi energy to transform graphene between a lossy and a lossless material, electrically switched absorption of graphene with maximum modulation depth of 97.91% can be achieved. Meanwhile, by further adjusting the incident angle to tune the resonant wavelength of Bloch surface waves, the center wavelength of the modulator can be actively controlled. This allows us to realize the active modulation of graphene electro-absorption within a wide near-infrared region, including the commercially important telecommunication wavelength of 1550 nm, indicating the excellent performance of the designed modulator via such mechanism. Such Bloch surface waves assisted wavelength-tunable graphene electro-absorption modulation strategy opens up a new avenue to design graphene-based selective multichannel modulators, which is unavailable in previous reported strategies that can be only realized by passively changing the structural parameters.
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Herasymova DO, Dukhopelnykov SV, Natarov DM, Zinenko TL, Lucido M, Nosich AI. Threshold conditions for transversal modes of tunable plasmonic nanolasers shaped as single and twin graphene-covered circular quantum wires. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:495001. [PMID: 36044815 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac8e0c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We implement the lasing eigenvalue problem (LEP) approach to study the electromagnetic field in the presence of a circular quantum wire (QW) made of a gain material and wrapped in graphene cover and a dimer of two identical graphene-covered QWs, at the threshold of stationary emission. LEP delivers the mode-specific eigenvalue pairs, namely the frequencies and the threshold values of the QW gain index for the plasmon and the wire modes of such nanolasers. In our analysis, we use quantum Kubo formalism for the graphene conductivity and classical Maxwell boundary-value problem for the field functions. The technique involves the resistive boundary conditions, the separation of variables in the local coordinates, and, for the dimer, the addition theorem for the cylindrical functions. For single-wire plasmonic laser, we derive approximate engineering expressions for the lasing frequencies and threshold values of the gain index that complement the full-wave computations. For the dimer, we derive separate determinantal equations for four different classes of symmetry of the lasing supermodes and solve them numerically. Our investigation of the mode frequencies and thresholds versus the graphene and QW parameters shows that plasmon modes or, for the dimer, plasmon supermodes have lower frequencies and thresholds than the wire modes provided that the QW radius is smaller than 10μm, however in thicker wires they are comparable. Only the plasmon-mode characteristics are well-tunable using the graphene chemical potential. In the dimer, all lasing supermodes form closely located quartets, however, they quickly approach the single-wire case if the inter-wire separation becomes comparable to the radius. These results open a way for building essentially single-mode plasmonic nanolasers and their arrays and suggest certain engineering rules for their design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariia O Herasymova
- Laboratory of Micro and Nano Optics, Institute of Radio-Physics and Electronics NASU, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Sergii V Dukhopelnykov
- Laboratory of Micro and Nano Optics, Institute of Radio-Physics and Electronics NASU, Kharkiv, Ukraine
- Department of Applied Mathematics, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Denys M Natarov
- Laboratory of Micro and Nano Optics, Institute of Radio-Physics and Electronics NASU, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Tatiana L Zinenko
- Laboratory of Micro and Nano Optics, Institute of Radio-Physics and Electronics NASU, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Mario Lucido
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, Italy
| | - Alexander I Nosich
- Laboratory of Micro and Nano Optics, Institute of Radio-Physics and Electronics NASU, Kharkiv, Ukraine
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Tzarouchis DC, Mencagli MJ, Edwards B, Engheta N. Mathematical operations and equation solving with reconfigurable metadevices. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:263. [PMID: 36071052 PMCID: PMC9452564 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00950-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Performing analog computations with metastructures is an emerging wave-based paradigm for solving mathematical problems. For such devices, one major challenge is their reconfigurability, especially without the need for a priori mathematical computations or computationally-intensive optimization. Their equation-solving capabilities are applied only to matrices with special spectral (eigenvalue) distribution. Here we report the theory and design of wave-based metastructures using tunable elements capable of solving integral/differential equations in a fully-reconfigurable fashion. We consider two architectures: the Miller architecture, which requires the singular-value decomposition, and an alternative intuitive direct-complex-matrix (DCM) architecture introduced here, which does not require a priori mathematical decomposition. As examples, we demonstrate, using system-level simulation tools, the solutions of integral and differential equations. We then expand the matrix inverting capabilities of both architectures toward evaluating the generalized Moore-Penrose matrix inversion. Therefore, we provide evidence that metadevices can implement generalized matrix inversions and act as the basis for the gradient descent method for solutions to a wide variety of problems. Finally, a general upper bound of the solution convergence time reveals the rich potential that such metadevices can offer for stationary iterative schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios C Tzarouchis
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mario Junior Mencagli
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| | - Brian Edwards
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Nader Engheta
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Kim M, Kee CS, Kim S. Graphene-based fine tuning of Fano resonance transmission of quasi-bound states in the continuum. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:30666-30671. [PMID: 36242165 DOI: 10.1364/oe.468890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Quasi-bound state in the continuum (BIC) has significant potential because it supports an ultra-high quality factor (Q-factor). Here, we propose a graphene-embedded subwavelength grating that supports quasi-BIC for tuning very sharp Fano resonance transmission. The strongly enhanced light-graphene interaction from the quasi-BIC enables fine variation of the transmission at the resonant wavelength. The Q-factor of quasi-BIC significantly decreases as the Fermi level of graphene increases. We also propose a low-energy consumption THz-wave modulator using this scheme. The designed modulator shows approximately 100% modulation depth with a Fermi level shift of only EF = 90 meV.
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Li X, Ruan S, Zhu H. SnS Nanoflakes/Graphene Hybrid: Towards Broadband Spectral Response and Fast Photoresponse. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:2777. [PMID: 36014642 PMCID: PMC9413584 DOI: 10.3390/nano12162777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
High responsivity has been recently achieved in a graphene-based hybrid photogating mechanism photodetector using two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor nanosheets or quantum dots (QDs) sensitizers. However, there is a major challenge of obtaining photodetectors of fast photoresponse time and broad spectral photoresponse at room temperature due to the high trap density generated at the interface of nanostructure/graphene or the large band gap of QDs. The van der Waals interfacial coupling in small bandgap 2D/graphene heterostructures has enabled broadband photodetection. However, most of the photocarriers in the hybrid structure originate from the photoconductive effect, and it is still a challenge to achieve fast photodetection. Here, we directly grow SnS nanoflakes on graphene by the physical vapor deposition (PVD) method, which can avoid contamination between SnS absorbing layer and graphene and also ensures the high quality and low trap density of SnS. The results demonstrate the extended broad-spectrum photoresponse of the photodetector over a wide spectral range from 375 nm to 1550 nm. The broadband photodetecting mechanisms based on a photogating effect induced by the transferring of photo-induced carrier and photo-hot carrier are discussed in detail. More interestingly, the device also exhibits a large photoresponsivity of 41.3 AW-1 and a fast response time of around 19 ms at 1550 nm. This study reveals strategies for broadband response and sensitive photodetectors with SnS nanoflakes/graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Li
- College of Applied Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Shuangchen Ruan
- College of New Energy and New Materials, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Haiou Zhu
- College of New Energy and New Materials, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
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