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Tian S, Yang J, Fu Y, Zhang X, Zhang J, Zhao H, Hu Q, Liu P, He W, Han X, Wen C. McAPRR2: The Key Regulator of Domesticated Pericarp Color in Bitter Gourd. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3585. [PMID: 37896048 PMCID: PMC10610206 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Pericarp color is a crucial commercial trait influencing consumer preferences for bitter gourds. However, until now, the gene responsible for this trait has remained unidentified. In this study, we identified a gene (McAPRR2) controlling pericarp color via a genome-wide association study (GWAS) utilizing the resequencing data of 106 bitter gourd accessions. McAPRR2 exhibits three primary haplotypes: Hap1 is a wild type with a green pericarp, Hap2 is a SA (South Asian) and SEA (Southeast Asia) type with a green pericarp, and Hap3 is primarily a SEA type with a light green pericarp. The McAPRR2 haplotype is significantly correlated with both pericarp color and ecological type. Importantly, McAPRR2 with the light green pericarp demonstrated premature termination due to a 15 bp sequence insertion. The phylogenetic tree clustered according to pericarp color and ecological type, using SNPs located in the McAPRR2 gene and its promoter. High πwild/SEA and πSA/SEA values indicate high nucleotide diversity between wild and SEA types and between SA and SEA types in the McAPRR2 gene. The haplotypes, phylogenetic tree, and nucleotide diversity of McAPRR2 suggest that McAPRR2 has undergone domestication selection. This study identifies McAPRR2 as the key gene determining pericarp color in bitter gourds and introduces a novel insight that McAPRR2 is subject to domestication selection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Changlong Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Beijing 100097, China (J.Y.); (J.Z.); (H.Z.)
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2
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Zhong J, Cui J, Miao M, Hu F, Dong J, Liu J, Zhong C, Cheng J, Hu K. A point mutation in MC06g1112 encoding FLOWERING LOCUS T decreases the first flower node in bitter gourd ( Momordica charantia L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1153208. [PMID: 37881613 PMCID: PMC10595031 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1153208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
In Cucurbitaceae crops, the first flower node (FFN) is an important agronomic trait which can impact the onset of maturity, the production of female flowers, and yield. However, the gene responsible for regulating FFN in bitter gourd is unknown. Here, we used a gynoecious line (S156G) with low FFN as the female parent and a monoecious line (K8-201) with high FFN as the male parent to obtain F1 and F2 generations. Genetic analysis indicated that the low FFN trait was incompletely dominant over the high FFN trait. A major quantitative trait locus (QTL)-Mcffn and four minor effect QTLs-Mcffn1.1, Mcffn1.2, Mcffn1.3, and Mcffn1.4 were detected by whole-genome re-sequencing-based QTL mapping in the S156G×K8-201 F2 population (n=234) cultivated in autumn 2019. The Mcffn locus was further supported by molecular marker-based QTL mapping in three S156G×K8-201 F2 populations planted in autumn 2019 (n=234), autumn 2020 (n=192), and spring 2022 (n=205). Then, the Mcffn locus was fine-mapped into a 77.98-kb physical region on pseudochromosome MC06 using a large S156G×K8-201 F2 population (n=2,402). MC06g1112, which is a homolog of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), was considered as the most likely Mcffn candidate gene according to both expression and sequence variation analyses between parental lines. A point mutation (C277T) in MC06g1112, which results in a P93S amino acid mutation between parental lines, may be responsible for decreasing FFN in bitter gourd. Our findings provide a helpful resource for the molecular marker-assisted selective breeding of bitter gourd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junjie Cui
- Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Mingjun Miao
- Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fang Hu
- Henry Fok School of Biology and Agricultural, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
| | - Jichi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunfeng Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaowen Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kailin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Hegde M, Girisa S, Naliyadhara N, Kumar A, Alqahtani MS, Abbas M, Mohan CD, Warrier S, Hui KM, Rangappa KS, Sethi G, Kunnumakkara AB. Natural compounds targeting nuclear receptors for effective cancer therapy. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:765-822. [PMID: 36482154 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10068-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human nuclear receptors (NRs) are a family of forty-eight transcription factors that modulate gene expression both spatially and temporally. Numerous biochemical, physiological, and pathological processes including cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, metabolism, immune modulation, development, reproduction, and aging are extensively orchestrated by different NRs. The involvement of dysregulated NRs and NR-mediated signaling pathways in driving cancer cell hallmarks has been thoroughly investigated. Targeting NRs has been one of the major focuses of drug development strategies for cancer interventions. Interestingly, rapid progress in molecular biology and drug screening reveals that the naturally occurring compounds are promising modern oncology drugs which are free of potentially inevitable repercussions that are associated with synthetic compounds. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to draw our attention to the potential therapeutic effects of various classes of natural compounds that target NRs such as phytochemicals, dietary components, venom constituents, royal jelly-derived compounds, and microbial derivatives in the establishment of novel and safe medications for cancer treatment. This review also emphasizes molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways that are leveraged to promote the anti-cancer effects of these natural compounds. We have also critically reviewed and assessed the advantages and limitations of current preclinical and clinical studies on this subject for cancer prophylaxis. This might subsequently pave the way for new paradigms in the discovery of drugs that target specific cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangala Hegde
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Nikunj Naliyadhara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Aviral Kumar
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Mohammed S Alqahtani
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
- BioImaging Unit, Space Research Centre, University of Leicester, Michael Atiyah Building, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Mohamed Abbas
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
- Electronics and Communications Department, College of Engineering, Delta University for Science and Technology, 35712, Gamasa, Egypt
| | | | - Sudha Warrier
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, School of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore, 560065, India
- Cuor Stem Cellutions Pvt Ltd, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Kam Man Hui
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | | | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
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Liaw CC, Lo IW, Lin YC, Huang HT, Zhang LJ, Hsiao PC, Li TL, Kuo YH. Four cucurbitane glycosides taimordisins A–D with novel furopyranone skeletons isolated from the fruits of Momordica charantia. Food Chem X 2022; 14:100286. [PMID: 35330883 PMCID: PMC8938282 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Four new cucurbitane-type triterpenoids glycosides were isolated from the fresh fruit of Momordica charantia and determined by NMR, HRESIMS, and biosynthesis. Taimordisins A and B possess rare bicyclic-fused and trifuso-centro-fused ring systems at side chain of the cucurbitane-type triterpenoids at the first time. Taimordisins A-D showed the inhibition of NO production by LPS-stimulated in RAW264.7 macrophage cells.
Four novel triterpene glycosides, taimordisins A–D (1–4), were discovered from fresh fruits of Taiwanese Momordica charantia. The chemical framework and relative stereochemistry of these four natural products were isolated, purified, and determined by using various separation and spectroscopy techniques. Each of them features a unique bicyclic-fused or trifuso-centro-fused ring system. Notably, 1 and 2 are cucurbitane-based compounds possessing a new C-24 and C-2″ carbon–carbon linkage with 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-4H-pyran-4-one and 6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-4H-pyran-3,4,4-triol units, respectively, and represented an unprecedented molecular skeleton. In terms of biosynthesis, they all originate from a common precursor 3-hydroxycucurbita-5,24-dien-19-al-7,23-di-O-β-glucopyranoside. Of two sugar moieties, the one at 23-O-β-glucopyranoside grants each individual congener uniqueness likely through microbial symbiont-mediated intramolecular transformation into two major types of furo[2,3-b]pyranone and furo[3,2-c]pyranone derivatives. These new products possess desirable anti-inflammatory biological activities in addition to being generally regarded as safe.
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Hua OH, Tran QTT, Trinh DTT, Nguyen VD, Duong DPN, Nguyen TT. A Review of Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties of Some Vietnamese Wound-Healing Medicinal Plants. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221088379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a sophisticated process that results in the repair of damaged tissues. Any impairment to this process can lead to non-healing (chronic) wounds. Since these can cause a massive burden on the healthcare system, alternative therapies that promote wound healing should be considered. Therapies of natural origins that are safe and with no adverse side effects are especially promising. Vietnam, a tropical-climate country, has many medicinal plants that possess the potential for healing wounds. This report explores the use of some common plants used in Traditional Vietnamese medicine and their molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oanh Hoang Hua
- Faculty of Traditional Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Quynh Thi Thuy Tran
- Faculty of Traditional Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Dieu-Thuong Thi Trinh
- Faculty of Traditional Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Van-Dan Nguyen
- Faculty of Traditional Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Duc Phan Nguyen Duong
- Faculty of Traditional Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Triet Thanh Nguyen
- Faculty of Traditional Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Deng Y, Ma Y, Liu H, Zhang Y, Wei Z, Liu G, Tang X, Jia X. Structure determination, bitterness evaluation and hepatic gluconeogenesis inhibitory activity of triterpenoids from the Momordica charantia fruit. Food Chem 2022; 372:131224. [PMID: 34624787 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Triterpenoids are hypoglycemic substances and flavor components of Momordica charantia L., whether their bitterness correlated with hypoglycemic potential remain unknown. Thus, triterpenoids in M. charantia were isolated by phytochemical methods and identified by spectroscopic analysis. The bitterness levels and hypoglycaemic activity of isolated triterpenoids were evaluated by electronic tongue and hepatic gluconeogenesis assay. Eighteen triterpenoids including two new ones, Momordicoside Y and Z, were identified. Among the six identified bitter triterpenoids, karaviloside III, goyaglycoside C, and momordicoside F2 were bitterer than caffeine (P < 0.05), with caffeine equivalent (CE) values of 289.19, 4.32, and 41.24 mg CE/mg, respectively. Momordicoside Y, charantoside C, momordicoside F1, and momordicoside G could inhibit hepatic gluconeogenesis by 23.9%, 36.2%, 33.4%, 34.4% at 40 μM, respectively. These four compounds could interact with active site of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in molecular docking simulation. No correlation was observed between hepatic gluconeogenesis inhibitory activity and bitterness of triterpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Deng
- Sericultural&Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, PR China
| | - Yongxuan Ma
- Sericultural&Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, PR China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Sericultural&Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Sericultural&Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, PR China
| | - Zhencheng Wei
- Sericultural&Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, PR China
| | - Guang Liu
- Sericultural&Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Tang
- Sericultural&Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, PR China
| | - Xuchao Jia
- Sericultural&Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, PR China
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Liaw CC, Huang HT, Liu HK, Lin YC, Zhang LJ, Wei WC, Shen CC, Wu CL, Huang CY, Kuo YH. Cucurbitane-type triterpenoids from the vines of Momordica charantia and their anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antidiabetic activity. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 195:113026. [PMID: 34890886 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.113026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of the ethanol extract from wild Momordica charantia vines has resulted in isolation of seven cucurbitane-type triterpenoids, including six undescribed compounds, kuguaovins H‒M, and the known compound, momordicoside K. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses, including 1D and 2D NMR, and MS experiments. The chemical structure of momordicoside K was determined for the first time by X-ray crystallographic analysis and its absolute configuration assigned. The cytotoxicity against four human tumor cell lines and anti-inflammatory activities on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages were evaluated. Of the isolates, kaguaovin L exhibited potential cytotoxicity against MCF-7, HEp-2, Hep-G2, and WiDr cancer cell lines and showed moderate anti-NO production activity. In addition, kuguaovins H and J also showed the stimulatory effect of GLP-1 secretion on the murine intestinal secretin tumor cell line (STC-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ching Liaw
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, 11201, Taiwan; Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, 60004, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Tse Huang
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, 11201, Taiwan; Department of Biochemical Science & Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Kang Liu
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, 11201, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Lin
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, 11201, Taiwan; Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Ya-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jie Zhang
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, 11201, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Wei
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, 11201, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chang Shen
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, 11201, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lun Wu
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, 11201, Taiwan; Department of Food Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, 26047, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Huang
- Department of Food Science, National Ilan University, Ilan, 26047, Taiwan.
| | - Yao-Haur Kuo
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, 11201, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
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Yen DTH, Yen PH, Hop NQ, Hung NA, Tran HTT, Huu Tai B, Nhiem NX, Van Kiem P. Charantoside L, A New Cucurbitane-Type Glycoside from Momordica charantia L. with α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211068924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new cucurbitane-type glycoside (1) and two known compounds (2-3) were isolated from the ethanol extract of the fruits of Momordica charantia L. Their chemical structures were determined as (19 S,23 E)-5 β,19-epoxy-19-methoxycucurbita-6,23-diene-3 β,25-diol 3 -O-β-D-allopyranoside (1), goyaglycoside d (2), and (19 S,23 E)-5 β,19-epoxy-19-methoxycucurbita-6,23-diene-3 β,25-diol (3) on the basis of the extensive spectroscopic methods, including 1D, 2D NMR, HRESIMS, and in comparison with the reported data. Compounds 1 to 3 were evaluated for α-glucosidase inhibitory effects. Compounds 1 and 2 showed anti α-glucosidase activity with IC50 values of 134.12 ± 11.20 and 163.17 ± 13.71 µM, respectively, compared with the positive control, acarbose, IC50 160.99 ± 14.30 μM. Compounds 2 and 3 were first isolated from plant M. charantia growing in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duong Thi Hai Yen
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pham Hai Yen
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Ha Thi Thu Tran
- Institute of Forestry Research and Development (IFRAD), Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, Thai Nguyen City, Vietnam
- Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, Thai Nguyen City, Vietnam
| | - Bui Huu Tai
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Xuan Nhiem
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Phan Van Kiem
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Wang S, Liu Q, Zeng T, Zhan J, Zhao H, Ho CT, Xiao Y, Li S. Immunomodulatory effects and associated mechanisms of Momordica charantia and its phytochemicals. Food Funct 2022; 13:11986-11998. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02096c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Momordica charantia L. (M. charantia), which is a member of the Cucurbitaceae family and widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, has been consumed as a vegetable and also used as herbal medicine for thousands of years worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhen Wang
- College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, Hubei Province, P.R. China
| | - Qian Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 250355, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Ting Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 250355, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Jianfeng Zhan
- College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, Hubei Province, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Yunli Xiao
- College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, Hubei Province, P.R. China
| | - Shiming Li
- College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, Hubei Province, P.R. China
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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Cao TQ, Phong NV, Kim JH, Gao D, Anh HLT, Ngo VD, Vinh LB, Koh YS, Yang SY. Inhibitory Effects of Cucurbitane-Type Triterpenoids from Momordica charantia Fruit on Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Production in Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154444. [PMID: 34361596 PMCID: PMC8347306 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The bitter melon, Momordica charantia L., was once an important food and medicinal herb. Various studies have focused on the potential treatment of stomach disease with M. charantia and on its anti-diabetic properties. However, very little is known about the specific compounds responsible for its anti-inflammatory activities. In addition, the in vitro inhibitory effect of M. charantia on pro-inflammatory cytokine production by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) has not been reported. Phytochemical investigation of M. charantia fruit led to the isolation of 15 compounds (1-15). Their chemical structures were elucidated spectroscopically (one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance) and with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The anti-inflammatory effects of the isolated compounds were evaluated by measuring the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin IL-6, IL-12 p40, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in LPS-stimulated BMDCs. The cucurbitanes were potent inhibitors of the cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12 p40, indicating promising anti-inflammatory effects. Based on these studies and in silico simulations, we determined that the ligand likely docked in the receptors. These results suggest that cucurbitanes from M. charantia are potential candidates for treating inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao Quyen Cao
- Drug Research and Development Center, College of Pharmacy, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan-si 38430, Korea;
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea
| | - Nguyen Viet Phong
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry (IMBC), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (N.V.P.); (L.B.V.)
| | - Jang Hoon Kim
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseon 27709, Korea;
| | - Dan Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea;
| | - Hoang Le Tuan Anh
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer, VAST, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (H.L.T.A.); (V.-D.N.)
| | - Viet-Duc Ngo
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer, VAST, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (H.L.T.A.); (V.-D.N.)
| | - Le Ba Vinh
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry (IMBC), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (N.V.P.); (L.B.V.)
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea;
| | - Young Sang Koh
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Seo Young Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +82-33-738-7652
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Development and validation of genome-wide InDel markers with high levels of polymorphism in bitter gourd (Momordica charantia). BMC Genomics 2021; 22:190. [PMID: 33726664 PMCID: PMC7968231 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07499-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The preferred choice for molecular marker development is identifying existing variation in populations through DNA sequencing. With the genome resources currently available for bitter gourd (Momordica charantia), it is now possible to detect genome-wide insertion-deletion (InDel) polymorphisms among bitter gourd populations, which guides the efficient development of InDel markers. Results Here, using bioinformatics technology, we detected 389,487 InDels from 61 Chinese bitter gourd accessions with an average density of approximately 1298 InDels/Mb. Then we developed a total of 2502 unique InDel primer pairs with a polymorphism information content (PIC) ≥0.6 distributed across the whole genome. Amplification of InDels in two bitter gourd lines ‘47–2–1-1-3’ and ‘04–17,’ indicated that the InDel markers were reliable and accurate. To highlight their utilization, the InDel markers were employed to construct a genetic map using 113 ‘47–2–1-1-3’ × ‘04–17’ F2 individuals. This InDel genetic map of bitter gourd consisted of 164 new InDel markers distributed on 15 linkage groups with a coverage of approximately half of the genome. Conclusions This is the first report on the development of genome-wide InDel markers for bitter gourd. The validation of the amplification and genetic map construction suggests that these unique InDel markers may enhance the efficiency of genetic studies and marker-assisted selection for bitter gourd. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07499-0.
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12
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The triterpenoids of the bitter gourd (Momordica Charantia) and their pharmacological activities: A review. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Lee YH, Yoon SY, Baek J, Kim SJ, Yu JS, Kang H, Kang KS, Chung SJ, Kim KH. Metabolite Profile of Cucurbitane-Type Triterpenoids of Bitter Melon (Fruit of Momordica charantia) and Their Inhibitory Activity against Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases Relevant to Insulin Resistance. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:1816-1830. [PMID: 33406828 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Qualitative analysis of cucurbitane-type triterpenoids of bitter melon (fruit of Momordica charantia L.) using ultraperformance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry revealed 27 promising cucurbitane-type triterpenoids, and LC/MS-guided chemical analysis of M. charantia fruit extract led to the isolation and structural characterization of 22 cucurbitane-type triterpenoids (1-22), including 8 new cucurbitane-type triterpenoidal saponins, yeojoosides A-H (1-8). The structures of the new compounds (1-8) were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Their absolute configurations were assigned by quantum chemical electronic circular dichroism calculations, chemical reactions, and DP4+ analysis using gauge-including atomic orbital NMR chemical shift calculations. All isolated compounds (1-22) were examined for inhibitory activity against protein tyrosine phosphatases relevant to insulin resistance. Nine compounds (7, 8, 9, 11, 14, 15, 19, 20, and 21) showed selective inhibitory effects of over 70% against PTPN2. The present results suggested that these compounds would be potential antidiabetic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hoon Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Yoon
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Kwangju Women's University, Gwangju 62396, Korea
| | - Jiyun Baek
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jin Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sik Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Heesun Kang
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Sung Kang
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang J Chung
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Perera WH, Shivanagoudra SR, Pérez JL, Kim DM, Sun Y, K. Jayaprakasha G, S. Patil B. Anti-Inflammatory, Antidiabetic Properties and In Silico Modeling of Cucurbitane-Type Triterpene Glycosides from Fruits of an Indian Cultivar of Momordica charantia L. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041038. [PMID: 33669312 PMCID: PMC7920048 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease and one of the fastest-growing health challenges of the last decades. Studies have shown that chronic low-grade inflammation and activation of the innate immune system are intimately involved in type 2 diabetes pathogenesis. Momordica charantia L. fruits are used in traditional medicine to manage diabetes. Herein, we report the purification of a new 23-O-β-d-allopyranosyl-5β,19-epoxycucurbitane-6,24-diene triterpene (charantoside XV, 6) along with 25ξ-isopropenylchole-5(6)-ene-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (1), karaviloside VI (2), karaviloside VIII (3), momordicoside L (4), momordicoside A (5) and kuguaglycoside C (7) from an Indian cultivar of Momordica charantia. At 50 µM compounds, 2–6 differentially affected the expression of pro-inflammatory markers IL-6, TNF-α, and iNOS, and mitochondrial marker COX-2. Compounds tested for the inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes at 0.87 mM and 1.33 mM, respectively. Compounds showed similar α-amylase inhibitory activity than acarbose (0.13 mM) of control (68.0–76.6%). Karaviloside VIII (56.5%) was the most active compound in the α-glucosidase assay, followed by karaviloside VI (40.3%), while momordicoside L (23.7%), A (33.5%), and charantoside XV (23.9%) were the least active compounds. To better understand the mode of binding of cucurbitane-triterpenes to these enzymes, in silico docking of the isolated compounds was evaluated with α-amylase and α-glucosidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilmer H. Perera
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, 1500 Research Parkway, Suite A120, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (W.H.P.); (S.R.S.); (J.L.P.); (G.K.J.)
| | - Siddanagouda R. Shivanagoudra
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, 1500 Research Parkway, Suite A120, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (W.H.P.); (S.R.S.); (J.L.P.); (G.K.J.)
| | - Jose L. Pérez
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, 1500 Research Parkway, Suite A120, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (W.H.P.); (S.R.S.); (J.L.P.); (G.K.J.)
| | - Da Mi Kim
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (D.M.K.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yuxiang Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (D.M.K.); (Y.S.)
| | - Guddadarangavvanahally K. Jayaprakasha
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, 1500 Research Parkway, Suite A120, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (W.H.P.); (S.R.S.); (J.L.P.); (G.K.J.)
| | - Bhimanagouda S. Patil
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, 1500 Research Parkway, Suite A120, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (W.H.P.); (S.R.S.); (J.L.P.); (G.K.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-979-458-890; Fax: +1-979-862-4522
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15
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Sur S, Ray RB. Bitter Melon ( Momordica Charantia), a Nutraceutical Approach for Cancer Prevention and Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2064. [PMID: 32726914 PMCID: PMC7464160 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Many dietary plant products show promising anticancer effects. Bitter melon or bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) is a nutrient-rich medicinal plant cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions of many countries. Traditionally, bitter melon is used as a folk medicine and contains many bioactive components including triterpenoids, triterpene glycoside, phenolic acids, flavonoids, lectins, sterols and proteins that show potential anticancer activity without significant side effects. The preventive and therapeutic effects of crude extract or isolated components are studied in cell line-based models and animal models of multiple types of cancer. In the present review, we summarize recent progress in testing the cancer preventive and therapeutic activity of bitter melon with a focus on underlying molecular mechanisms. The crude extract and its components prevent many types of cancers by enhancing reactive oxygen species generation; inhibiting cancer cell cycle, cell signaling, cancer stem cells, glucose and lipid metabolism, invasion, metastasis, hypoxia, and angiogenesis; inducing apoptosis and autophagy cell death, and enhancing the immune defense. Thus, bitter melon may serve as a promising cancer preventive and therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhayan Sur
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA;
| | - Ratna B. Ray
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA;
- Cancer Center, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
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16
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The Pharmacological Properties and Therapeutic Use of Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia L.). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40495-020-00219-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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17
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Gao Y, Chen JC, Peng XR, Li ZR, Su HG, Qiu MH. Cucurbitane-Type Triterpene Glycosides from Momordica charantia and Their α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2020; 10:153-161. [PMID: 32378043 PMCID: PMC7253571 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-020-00241-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ten cucurbitane-type triterpene glycosides, including five new compounds named charantosides H (1), J (2), K (3), momorcharacoside A (4), goyaglycoside-L (5), and five known compounds (6-10), were isolated from the EtOAc extract of Momordica charantia fruits. The chemical structures of these compounds were identified by 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS spectroscopic analyses. Configurations of new compounds were determined by ROESY correlations and comparison of their 13C NMR data with literature reported values. All compounds were evaluated for their inhibition against α-glucosidase, in which compounds 2, 5, 7, 8, 9 showed moderate inhibitory activities with IC50 values ranging from 28.40 to 63.26 μM comparing with the positive control (acarbose, IC50 87.65 ± 6.51 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Rong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Rong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Guo Su
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Hua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Huang HT, Zhang LJ, Huang HC, Hwang SY, Wu CL, Lin YC, Liaw CC, Cheng YY, Morris-Natschke SL, Huang CY, Lee KH, Kuo YH. Cucurbitane-Type Triterpenoids from the Vines of Momordica charantia and Their Anti-inflammatory Activities. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:1400-1408. [PMID: 32357011 PMCID: PMC8173961 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Seven new cucurbitane-type triterpenoids, kuguaovins A-G (1-7), and five known ones were isolated from the rattans of wild Momordica charantia. Their structures were established by spectroscopic data analyses, including 1D and 2D NMR, IR, and MS techniques. The absolute configurations of the cucurbitanes were determined from NOESY data and partially by X-ray crystallographic analysis. In pharmacological studies, compounds 1-7 and 9-12 exhibited weak anti-inflammatory effects (IC50 = 15-35 μM), based on an anti-NO production assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Tse Huang
- Division of Chinese Materia Medica Development, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jie Zhang
- Division of Chinese Materia Medica Development, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Development Center Biotechnology, New Taipei City 221, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chi Huang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Syh-Yuan Hwang
- Endemic Species Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Nantou 552, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lun Wu
- Department of Food Science, National Ilan University, Ilan 260, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Lin
- Division of Chinese Materia Medica Development, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ching Liaw
- Division of Chinese Materia Medica Development, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Research and Development, Starsci Biotech Co. Ltd., Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Yi Cheng
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7568, United States
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Susan L Morris-Natschke
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7568, United States
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Huang
- Department of Food Science, National Ilan University, Ilan 260, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7568, United States
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Haur Kuo
- Division of Chinese Materia Medica Development, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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19
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Immunomodulatory Activity of Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae) Leaf Diethyl Ether and Methanol Extracts on Salmonella typhi-Infected Mice and LPS-Induced Phagocytic Activities of Macrophages and Neutrophils. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:5248346. [PMID: 32256648 PMCID: PMC7103055 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5248346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Infections due to Salmonella strains constitute one of the major health problems in humans, particularly in Africa. The use of traditional herbs has proven effective in reducing the incidence of infection in some high-risk groups. To assess the effects of Momordica charantia leaf extracts that influence blood infection, an in vitro study of the effect on macrophages and neutrophils and treatment of mouse model of S. typhi infection was done. Methanol and diethyl ether extracts were concerned by this study. In vitro study was to assess the effects of extracts on phagocytosis, and related intracellular killing mechanisms of macrophages were examined. Later, mobilization of leukocytes and production of antibodies against S. typhi were measured followed by quantitating cultures evaluation of the blood infection of orally inoculated mice with S. typhi. Ingestion or attachment of carbon particles, production of superoxide anion, nitric oxide, and that of lysosomal acid phosphatase by macrophages and neutrophils were significantly increased by methanol and diethyl extracts at concentrations ranging from 40 μg/ml to 640 μg/ml. Antibody titer and mobilization of leukocytes, particularly lymphocytes against S. typhi, were highly increased by both methanol and diethyl extracts at concentrations of 500 and 1000 mg/kg. At the same time, the extracts have reduced the rate of blood colonization in mice inoculated with 108 CFU of S. typhi for 28 days. Reduction in blood colonization or infection rates was similar for the levamisole mice group. The results of this study should prove that the leaves of Momordica charantia are useful for the treatment of infections by Salmonella strains and for the assessment of drugs for therapeutic intervention.
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20
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Yue J, Sun Y, Xu J, Zhang X, Zhao Y. Four new cucurbitane-type triterpenes from Momordica charantia L. with their cytotoxic activities and protective effects on H 2O 2-damaged pancreatic cells. J Nat Med 2019; 74:34-40. [PMID: 31256310 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-019-01336-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Four new cucurbitane-type triterpenes were isolated from the fruit of Momordica charantia L. The structures of the new compounds were identified based on HR-ESI-MS and 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopic methods. The cytotoxicity of the isolated compounds was evaluated using three human cancer cell lines, HeLa, Caco2, and U87. Compound 3 exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against HeLa cells with an IC50 value of 11.18 μM. Additionally, the cytoprotective activity of these compounds was determined in vitro against H2O2-induced pancreatic injury. The results revealed that all the compounds obtained possess cytoprotective effects against H2O2-induced injury in MIN6 β-cells at a concentration of 10 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Yue
- The Precise Medicine Center, Key Laboratory of Microbiology College of Basic Medicine, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110034, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoshu Zhang
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuqing Zhao
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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Shivanagoudra SR, Perera WH, Perez JL, Athrey G, Sun Y, Jayaprakasha GK, Patil BS. Cucurbitane-type compounds from Momordica charantia: Isolation, in vitro antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory activities and in silico modeling approaches. Bioorg Chem 2019; 87:31-42. [PMID: 30856374 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Momordica charantia L., commonly known as bitter melon, belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family. Various in vitro and in vivo studies have indicated that extracts of bitter melons have anti-diabetic properties. However, very little is known about the specific purified compounds responsible for these antidiabetic properties. In the present study, 3β,7β,25-trihydroxycucurbita-5,23(E)-dien-19-al, charantal, charantoside XI, and 25ξ-isopropenylchole-5, 6-ene-3-O-d-glucopyranoside were isolated from bitter melon fruit. The structures of the purified compounds were elucidated by HR-ESIMS, 1D, and 2D NMR experiments. All compounds exhibited significant inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase comparable to acarbose. Molecular docking studies demonstrated that purified compounds were able to bind to the active sites of proteins. Additionally, the purified compounds showed significant anti-inflammatory activity, downregulating the expression of NF-κB, iNOS, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and Cox-2 in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Our findings suggest that the purified compounds have potential anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory activities and therefore hold promise for the development of plant-based management for diabetic and inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddanagouda R Shivanagoudra
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, 1500 Research Parkway, Suite A120, College Station, TX 77845, United States
| | - Wilmer H Perera
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, 1500 Research Parkway, Suite A120, College Station, TX 77845, United States
| | - Jose L Perez
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, 1500 Research Parkway, Suite A120, College Station, TX 77845, United States
| | - Giridhar Athrey
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, United States
| | - Yuxiang Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - G K Jayaprakasha
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, 1500 Research Parkway, Suite A120, College Station, TX 77845, United States.
| | - Bhimanagouda S Patil
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, 1500 Research Parkway, Suite A120, College Station, TX 77845, United States.
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22
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Takase S, Kera K, Hirao Y, Hosouchi T, Kotake Y, Nagashima Y, Mannen K, Suzuki H, Kushiro T. Identification of triterpene biosynthetic genes from Momordica charantia using RNA-seq analysis. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:251-261. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1530096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Cucurbitaceae plants contain characteristic triterpenoids. Momordica charantia, known as a bitter melon, contains cucurbitacins and multiflorane type triterpenes, which confer bitter tasting and exhibit pharmacological activities. Their carbon skeletons are biosynthesized from 2,3-oxidosqualene by responsible oxidosqualene cyclase (OSC). In order to identify OSCs in M. charantia, RNA-seq analysis was carried out from ten different tissues. The functional analysis of the resulting four OSC genes revealed that they were cucurbitadienol synthase (McCBS), isomultiflorenol synthase (McIMS), β-amyrin synthase (McBAS) and cycloartenol synthase (McCAS), respectively. Their distinct expression patterns based on RPKM values and quantitative RT-PCR suggested how the characteristic triterpenoids were biosynthesized in each tissue. Although cucurbitacins were finally accumulated in fruits, McCBS showed highest expression in leaves indicating that the early step of cucurbitacins biosynthesis takes place in leaves, but not in fruits.
Abbreviations: OSC: oxidosqualene cyclase; RPKM: reads perkilobase of exon per million mapped reads
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Takase
- School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kota Kera
- Department of Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Japan
| | - Yuya Hirao
- School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Hosouchi
- Department of Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Japan
| | - Yuki Kotake
- School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Nagashima
- Department of Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Japan
| | - Kazuto Mannen
- Department of Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Suzuki
- Department of Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Kushiro
- School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
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23
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Yue J, Sun Y, Xu J, Cao J, Chen G, Zhang H, Zhang X, Zhao Y. Cucurbitane triterpenoids from the fruit of Momordica charantia L. and their anti-hepatic fibrosis and anti-hepatoma activities. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 157:21-27. [PMID: 30352327 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae) is a popular vegetable and traditional folk medicine, that has been used for hundreds of years. In this study, three undescribed cucurbitane-type triterpene glycosides furpyronecucurbitane A, goyaglycoside I and charantagenin F along with nine known compounds were isolated from the immature fruit of Momordica charantia L. Their structures were identified on the basis of extensive 1D, 2D NMR and HRESIMS spectroscopy analysis. All isolated compounds were examined for their anti-hepatic fibrosis activity against murine hepatic stellate cells (t-HSC/Cl-6) and anti-hepatoma activity against two kinds of liver cancer cell lines (HepG2 and Hep3B). Among them, karaviloside III exhibited excellent inhibitory activity against activated t-HSC/Cl-6 cells and cytotoxic activity against Hep3B and HepG2 cell lines with IC50 values of 3.74 ± 0.13, 16.68 ± 2.07 and 4.12 ± 0.36 μM, respectively, which may potential to be developed as a chemotherapy agent for treatment hepatic fibrosis or carcinoma and protection against both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Yue
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqing Cao
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Huixing Zhang
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoshu Zhang
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuqing Zhao
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
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Dhar D, Deep G, Kumar S, Wempe MF, Raina K, Agarwal C, Agarwal R. Bitter melon juice exerts its efficacy against pancreatic cancer via targeting both bulk and cancer stem cells. Mol Carcinog 2018; 57:1166-1180. [PMID: 29727019 PMCID: PMC6118209 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PanC) is one of the deadliest malignancies worldwide and frontline treatment with gemcitabine becomes eventually ineffective due to increasing PanC resistance, suggesting additional approaches are needed to manage PanC. Recently, we have shown the efficacy of bitter melon juice (BMJ) against PanC cells, including those resistant to gemcitabine. As cancer stem cells (CSCs) are actively involved in PanC initiation, progression, relapse and drug-resistance, here we assessed BMJ ability in targeting pancreatic cancer-associated cancer stem cells (PanC-CSCs). We found BMJ efficacy against CD44+ /CD24+ /EpCAMhigh enriched PanC-CSCs in spheroid assays; BMJ also increased the sensitivity of gemcitabine-resistant PanC-CSCs. Exogenous addition of BMJ to PanC-CSC generated spheroids (not pre-exposed to BMJ) also significantly reduced spheroid number and size. Mechanistically, BMJ effects were associated with a decrease in the expression of genes and proteins involved in PanC-CSC renewal and proliferation. Specifically, immunofluorescence staining showed that BMJ decreases protein expression/nuclear localization of CSC-associated transcription factors SOX2, OCT4 and NANOG, and CSC marker CD44. Immunohistochemical analysis of MiaPaCa2 xenografts from BMJ treated animals also showed a significant decrease in the levels of CSC-associated transcription factors. Together, these results show BMJ potential in targeting PanC-CSC pool and associated regulatory pathways, suggesting the need for further investigation of its efficacy against PanC growth and progression including gemcitabine-resistant PanC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepanshi Dhar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Gagan Deep
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Michael F. Wempe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Komal Raina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Chapla Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Rajesh Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
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Ukiya M, Hayakawa T, Okazaki K, Hikawa M, Akazawa H, Li W, Koike K, Fukatsu M. Synthesis of Lanostane-Type Triterpenoid N
-Glycosides and Their Cytotoxicity against Human Cancer Cell Lines. Chem Biodivers 2018; 15:e1800113. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201800113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Motohiko Ukiya
- College of Science and Technology; Nihon University; 1-8-14 Kanda Surugadai Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8308 Japan
| | - Teppei Hayakawa
- College of Science and Technology; Nihon University; 1-8-14 Kanda Surugadai Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8308 Japan
| | - Kouta Okazaki
- College of Science and Technology; Nihon University; 1-8-14 Kanda Surugadai Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8308 Japan
| | - Maiko Hikawa
- College of Science and Technology; Nihon University; 1-8-14 Kanda Surugadai Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8308 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Akazawa
- College of Science and Technology; Nihon University; 1-8-14 Kanda Surugadai Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8308 Japan
| | - Wei Li
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science; Toho University; 2-2-1 Miyama Funabashi-shi, Chiba 274-8510 Japan
| | - Kazuo Koike
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science; Toho University; 2-2-1 Miyama Funabashi-shi, Chiba 274-8510 Japan
| | - Makoto Fukatsu
- College of Science and Technology; Nihon University; 1-8-14 Kanda Surugadai Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8308 Japan
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Antiaging of Cucurbitane Glycosides from Fruits of Momordica charantia L. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:1538632. [PMID: 29765490 PMCID: PMC5889887 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1538632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Methanol extracts of Momordica charantia L. fruits are extensively studied for their antiaging activities. A new cucurbitane-type triterpenoid (1) and nine other known compounds (2–10) were isolated, and their structures were determined according to their spectroscopic characteristics and chemical derivatization. Biological evaluation was performed on a K6001 yeast bioassay system. The results indicated that all the compounds extended the replicative lifespan of K6001 yeast significantly. Compound 9 was used to investigate the mechanism involved in the increasing of the lifespan. The results indicated that this compound significantly increases the survival rate of yeast under oxidative stress and decreases ROS level. Further study on gene expression analysis showed that compound 9 could reduce the levels of UTH1 and SKN7 and increase SOD1 and SOD2 gene expression. In addition, it could not extend the lifespan of the yeast mutants of Uth1, Skn7, Sod1, and Sod2. These results demonstrate that compound 9 exerts antiaging effects via antioxidative stress and regulation of UTH1, SKN7, SOD1, and SOD2 yeast gene expression.
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Han JH, Tuan NQ, Park MH, Quan KT, Oh J, Heo KS, Na M, Myung CS. Cucurbitane Triterpenoids from the Fruits of Momordica Charantia
Improve Insulin Sensitivity and Glucose Homeostasis in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1700769. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Hui Han
- Department of Pharmacology; Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy; Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Quoc Tuan
- Department of Pharmacognosy; Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy; Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ho Park
- Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy; Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Khong Trong Quan
- Department of Pharmacognosy; Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy; Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Joonseok Oh
- Department of Chemistry; Yale University; New Haven CT USA
| | - Kyung-Sun Heo
- Department of Pharmacology; Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy; Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - MinKyun Na
- Department of Pharmacognosy; Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy; Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seon Myung
- Department of Pharmacology; Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy; Daejeon Republic of Korea
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Jia S, Shen M, Zhang F, Xie J. Recent Advances in Momordica charantia: Functional Components and Biological Activities. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2555. [PMID: 29182587 PMCID: PMC5751158 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Momordica charantia L. (M. charantia), a member of the Cucurbitaceae family, is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It has been used in folk medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, and its fruit has been used as a vegetable for thousands of years. Phytochemicals including proteins, polysaccharides, flavonoids, triterpenes, saponins, ascorbic acid and steroids have been found in this plant. Various biological activities of M. charantia have been reported, such as antihyperglycemic, antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor, immunomodulation, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anthelmintic, antimutagenic, antiulcer, antilipolytic, antifertility, hepatoprotective, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. However, both in vitro and in vivo studies have also demonstrated that M. charantia may also exert toxic or adverse effects under different conditions. This review addresses the chemical constituents of M. charantia and discusses their pharmacological activities as well as their adverse effects, aimed at providing a comprehensive overview of the phytochemistry and biological activities of M. charantia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Mingyue Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Jianhua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
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Yue J, Xu J, Cao J, Zhang X, Zhao Y. Cucurbitane triterpenoids from Momordica charantia L. and their inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase, α-amylase and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B). J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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Wang S, Li Z, Yang G, Ho CT, Li S. Momordica charantia: a popular health-promoting vegetable with multifunctionality. Food Funct 2017; 8:1749-1762. [PMID: 28474032 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01812b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Products derived from edible medicinal plants have been used for centuries to prevent, treat, and even cure multiple diseases. Momordica charantia L., widely cultivated around the world, is a typical one bred for vegetables and medicinal usage. All parts of M. charantia possess important medicinal properties, including antidiabetic, anticancer, hypotensive, anti-obesity, antimicrobial, antihyperlipidemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immuno-modulatory, anthelmintic, neuro-protective, as well as hepato-protective properties both in vitro and in vivo. This review summarizes the active components and medicinal properties of M. charantia, especially the activities and mechanisms of its anti-diabetic and anti-cancer properties. The anti-diabetic properties involve inhibiting intestinal α-glucosidase and glucose transport, protecting islet β-cells, enhancing insulin secretion, increasing hepatic glucose disposal, decreasing gluconeogenesis, and even ameliorating insulin resistance. Moreover, the expressions of PPARs could also be activated and up-regulated. Meanwhile, its anticancer properties are mostly due to apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and expression of serum factors associated with immunity. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of M. charantia and its benefits for development as a functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhen Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, College of Life Science, Huanggang Normal University, Hubei Province, China.
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31
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Chen CR, Liao YW, Kuo YH, Hsu JL, Chang CI. Cucurbitane-Type Triterpenoids from Momordica charantia. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701200614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new cucurbitane-type triterpenoids, 7β,23( S)-dimethoxycucurbita-5,24-dien-3β-ol (1) and 3 β-hydroxycucurbita-6,23( E),25-trien-5 β,19-olide (2), and two known cucurbitane-type triterpenoids, 7 β,25-dimethoxycucurbita-5,23( E)-dien-3 β-ol (3) and karavilagenin D (4), were isolated from the fruit pulp of Momordica charantia. Their structures were established by means of 1D and 2D NMR spectra (1H, 13C, COSY, HMQC, HMBC, and NOESY) as well as EI-MS data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiy-Rong Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Taitung University, Taitung 95002, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Wen Liao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Jue-Liang Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Chi-I Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
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32
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R. Mir S, Ahamad J, Amin S. Momordica charantia Linn. (Cucurbitaceae): Review on Phytochemistry and Pharmacology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.3923/rjphyto.2017.53.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Raina K, Kumar D, Agarwal R. Promise of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) bioactives in cancer prevention and therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2016; 40-41:116-129. [PMID: 27452666 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there is a paradigm shift that the whole food-derived components are not 'idle bystanders' but actively participate in modulating aberrant metabolic and signaling pathways in both healthy and diseased individuals. One such whole food from Cucurbitaceae family is 'bitter melon' (Momordica charantia, also called bitter gourd, balsam apple, etc.), which has gained an enormous attention in recent years as an alternative medicine in developed countries. The increased focus on bitter melon consumption could in part be due to several recent pre-clinical efficacy studies demonstrating bitter melon potential to target obesity/type II diabetes-associated metabolic aberrations as well as its pre-clinical anti-cancer efficacy against various malignancies. The bioassay-guided fractionations have also classified the bitter melon chemical constituents based on their anti-diabetic or cytotoxic effects. Thus, by definition, these bitter melon constituents are at cross roads on the bioactivity parameters; they either have selective efficacy for correcting metabolic aberrations or targeting cancer cells, or have beneficial effects in both conditions. However, given the vast, though dispersed, literature reports on the bioactivity and beneficial attributes of bitter melon constituents, a comprehensive review on the bitter melon components and the overlapping beneficial attributes is lacking; our review attempts to fulfill these unmet needs. Importantly, the recent realization that there are common risk factors associated with obesity/type II diabetes-associated metabolic aberrations and cancer, this timely review focuses on the dual efficacy of bitter melon against the risk factors associated with both diseases that could potentially impact the course of malignancy to advanced stages. Furthermore, this review also addresses a significant gap in our knowledge regarding the bitter melon drug-drug interactions which can be predicted from the available reports on bitter melon effects on metabolism enzymes and drug transporters. This has important implications, given that a large proportion of individuals, taking bitter melon based supplements/phytochemical extracts/food based home-remedies, are also likely to be taking conventional therapeutic drugs at the same time. Accordingly, the comprehensively reviewed information here could be prudently translated to the clinical implications associated with any potential concerns regarding bitter melon consumption by cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Raina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States; University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Dileep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Rajesh Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States; University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States.
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Dandawate PR, Subramaniam D, Padhye SB, Anant S. Bitter melon: a panacea for inflammation and cancer. Chin J Nat Med 2016; 14:81-100. [PMID: 26968675 PMCID: PMC5276711 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(16)60002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nature is a rich source of medicinal plants and their products that are useful for treatment of various diseases and disorders. Momordica charantia, commonly known as bitter melon or bitter gourd, is one of such plants known for its biological activities used in traditional system of medicines. This plant is cultivated in all over the world, including tropical areas of Asia, Amazon, east Africa, and the Caribbean and used as a vegetable as well as folk medicine. All parts of the plant, including the fruit, are commonly consumed and cooked with different vegetables, stir-fried, stuffed or used in small quantities in soups or beans to give a slightly bitter flavor and taste. The plant is reported to possess anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-bacterial, anti-obesity, and immunomodulatory activities. The plant extract inhibits cancer cell growth by inducing apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, autophagy and inhibiting cancer stem cells. The plant is rich in bioactive chemical constituents like cucurbitane type triterpenoids, triterpene glycosides, phenolic acids, flavonoids, essential oils, saponins, fatty acids, and proteins. Some of the isolated compounds (Kuguacin J, Karaviloside XI, Kuguaglycoside C, Momordicoside Q-U, Charantin, α-eleostearic acid) and proteins (α-Momorcharin, RNase MC2, MAP30) possess potent biological activity. In the present review, we are summarizing the anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activities of Momordica charantia along with a short account of important chemical constituents, providing a basis for establishing detail biological activities of the plant and developing novel drug molecules based on the active chemical constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad R Dandawate
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Surgery, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Dharmalingam Subramaniam
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Surgery, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Subhash B Padhye
- Interdisciplinary Science & Technology Research Academy, Abeda Inamdar Senior College, Azam Campus, Pune, 411001, India
| | - Shrikant Anant
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Surgery, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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35
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Xu J, Kang J, Sun X, Cao X, Rena K, Lee D, Ren Q, Li S, Ohizumi Y, Guo Y. Di- and Triterpenoids from the Leaves of Casearia balansae and Neurite Outgrowth Promoting Effects of PC12 Cells. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:170-179. [PMID: 26699618 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A bioassay-guided phytochemical investigation of the leaves of Casearia balansae led to the isolation of six new cucurbitane-type triterpenoid derivatives (balanterpenes A-F, 1-6) and four new clerdoane-type diterpenoids (balanterpenes G-J, 7-10). The structures of 1-10 were established on the basis of extensive analysis of NMR spectroscopic data, X-ray crystallography, and experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism spectra. Compound 1 features a ring-expanded triterpenoid skeleton with the C-19 methyl involved in the ring formation, compound 6 possesses a rare hexanortriterpenoid scaffold, and compounds 7-10 may be four new diterpenoid artifacts presumably formed during the extraction and purification processes. Compounds 3 and 7-10 showed promoting effects on neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells with EC50 values in the range 2.9-10.0 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kasimu Rena
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University , Urumuqi 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongho Lee
- Department of Biosystems and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University , Seoul 136-713, Korea
| | | | | | - Yasushi Ohizumi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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Li YC, Xu XJ, Yang J, Wu XG, Fu QY. One new 19-nor cucurbitane-type triterpenoid from the stems of Momordica charantia. Nat Prod Res 2015; 30:973-8. [PMID: 26539691 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2015.1089241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
One new 19-nor cucurbitane-type triterpenoid (3β,9β,25-trihydroxy-7β-methoxy-19-nor-cucurbita-5,23(E)-diene) (1), together with other six known cucurbitane-type triterpenoids (2-7), were isolated from the stems of Momordica charantia L. The chemical structure of 1 was elucidated by extensive 1D NMR and 2D NMR (HSQC, HMBC, COSY and ROESY), MS experiments. Using MTT assay, compound 1 exhibited weak cytotoxicity against HL-60, A-549, and SK-BR-3 cell lines with the IC50 values at 27.3, 32.7 and 26.6 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-chao Li
- a Life school of Science and Technology , Henan Institute of Science and Technology , Xinxiang , China
| | - Xin-juan Xu
- a Life school of Science and Technology , Henan Institute of Science and Technology , Xinxiang , China
| | - Jing Yang
- a Life school of Science and Technology , Henan Institute of Science and Technology , Xinxiang , China
| | - Xing-gang Wu
- b School of Food Science , Henan Institute of Science and Technology , Xinxiang , China
| | - Qing-yun Fu
- a Life school of Science and Technology , Henan Institute of Science and Technology , Xinxiang , China
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37
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Li ZJ, Chen JC, Deng YY, Song NL, Yu MY, Zhou L, Qiu MH. Two New Cucurbitane Triterpenoids from Immature Fruits ofMomordica charantia. Helv Chim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201500096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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38
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Guterres ZR, Zanetti TA, Sennes-Lopes TF, Gomes da Silva AF. Genotoxic and Antigenotoxic Potential of Momordica charantia Linn (Cucurbitaceae) in the Wing Spot Test of Drosophila melanogaster. J Med Food 2015; 18:1136-42. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2014.0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zaira Rosa Guterres
- Laboratory Cytogenetic and Mutagenesis, State University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Mundo Novo, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Thalita Alves Zanetti
- Laboratory Cytogenetic and Mutagenesis, State University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Mundo Novo, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Tiago Felipe Sennes-Lopes
- Laboratory Cytogenetic and Mutagenesis, State University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Mundo Novo, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ana Francisca Gomes da Silva
- Laboratory Cytogenetic and Mutagenesis, State University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Mundo Novo, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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39
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Beneficial role of bitter melon supplementation in obesity and related complications in metabolic syndrome. J Lipids 2015; 2015:496169. [PMID: 25650336 PMCID: PMC4306384 DOI: 10.1155/2015/496169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome are becoming epidemic both in developed and developing countries in recent years. Complementary and alternative medicines have been used since ancient era for the treatment of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Bitter melon is widely used as vegetables in daily food in Bangladesh and several other countries in Asia. The fruits extract of bitter melon showed strong antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities in experimental condition both in vivo and in vitro. Recent scientific evaluation of this plant extracts also showed potential therapeutic benefit in diabetes and obesity related metabolic dysfunction in experimental animals and clinical studies. These beneficial effects are mediated probably by inducing lipid and fat metabolizing gene expression and increasing the function of AMPK and PPARs, and so forth. This review will thus focus on the recent findings on beneficial effect of Momordica charantia extracts on metabolic syndrome and discuss its potential mechanism of actions.
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Chen JC, Yuan XX, Zhou L, Liu JQ, Nian Y, Li ZR, Li Y, Xie MJ, Qiu MH. Four New Cucurbitacins from the Fruit ofMomordica charantia. Helv Chim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201400051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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41
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Food prospects and nutraceutical attributes of Momordica species: A potential tropical bioresources – A review. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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42
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Deng YY, Yi Y, Zhang LF, Zhang RF, Zhang Y, Wei ZC, Tang XJ, Zhang MW. Immunomodulatory activity and partial characterisation of polysaccharides from Momordica charantia. Molecules 2014; 19:13432-47. [PMID: 25178064 PMCID: PMC6271773 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190913432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Momordica charantia Linn. is used as an edible and medicinal vegetable in sub-tropical areas. Until now, studies on its composition and related activities have been confined to compounds of low molecular mass, and no data have been reported concerning the plant's polysaccharides. In this work, a crude polysaccharide of M. charantia (MCP) fruit was isolated by hot water extraction and then purified using DEAE-52 cellulose anion-exchange chromatography to produce two main fractions MCP1 and MCP2. The immunomodulatory effects and physicochemical characteristics of these fractions were investigated in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that intragastric administration of 150 or 300 mg·kg-·d⁻¹ of MCP significantly increased the carbolic particle clearance index, serum haemolysin production, spleen index, thymus index and NK cell cytotoxicity to normal control levels in cyclophosphamide (Cy)-induced immunosuppressed mice. Both MCP1 and MCP2 effectively stimulated normal and concanavalin A-induced splenic lymphocyte proliferation in vitro at various doses. The average molecular weights of MCP1 and MCP2, which were measured using high-performance gel permeation chromatography, were 8.55×10⁴ Da and 4.41×10⁵ Da, respectively. Both fractions exhibited characteristic polysaccharide bands in their Fourier transform infrared spectrum. MCP1 is mainly composed of glucose and galactose, and MCP2 is mainly composed of glucose, mannose and galactose. The results indicate that MCP and its fractions have good potential as immunotherapeutic adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, China; E-Mail:
- Sericulture and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China; E-Mails: (Y.Y.); (L.-F.Z.); (R.-F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Z.-C.W.); (X.-J.T.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Yi
- Sericulture and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China; E-Mails: (Y.Y.); (L.-F.Z.); (R.-F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Z.-C.W.); (X.-J.T.)
| | - Li-Fang Zhang
- Sericulture and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China; E-Mails: (Y.Y.); (L.-F.Z.); (R.-F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Z.-C.W.); (X.-J.T.)
| | - Rui-Fen Zhang
- Sericulture and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China; E-Mails: (Y.Y.); (L.-F.Z.); (R.-F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Z.-C.W.); (X.-J.T.)
| | - Yan Zhang
- Sericulture and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China; E-Mails: (Y.Y.); (L.-F.Z.); (R.-F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Z.-C.W.); (X.-J.T.)
| | - Zhen-Cheng Wei
- Sericulture and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China; E-Mails: (Y.Y.); (L.-F.Z.); (R.-F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Z.-C.W.); (X.-J.T.)
| | - Xiao-Jun Tang
- Sericulture and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China; E-Mails: (Y.Y.); (L.-F.Z.); (R.-F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Z.-C.W.); (X.-J.T.)
| | - Ming-Wei Zhang
- Sericulture and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China; E-Mails: (Y.Y.); (L.-F.Z.); (R.-F.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Z.-C.W.); (X.-J.T.)
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Zeng K, He YN, Yang D, Cao JQ, Xia XC, Zhang SJ, Bi XL, Zhao YQ. New compounds from acid hydrolyzed products of the fruits of Momordica charantia L. and their inhibitory activity against protein tyrosine phosphatas 1B. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 81:176-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Design, synthesis and experimental validation of novel potential chemopreventive agents using random forest and support vector machine binary classifiers. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2014; 28:631-46. [PMID: 24840854 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-014-9748-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Compared to the current knowledge on cancer chemotherapeutic agents, only limited information is available on the ability of organic compounds, such as drugs and/or natural products, to prevent or delay the onset of cancer. In order to evaluate chemical chemopreventive potentials and design novel chemopreventive agents with low to no toxicity, we developed predictive computational models for chemopreventive agents in this study. First, we curated a database containing over 400 organic compounds with known chemoprevention activities. Based on this database, various random forest and support vector machine binary classifiers were developed. All of the resulting models were validated by cross validation procedures. Then, the validated models were applied to virtually screen a chemical library containing around 23,000 natural products and derivatives. We selected a list of 148 novel chemopreventive compounds based on the consensus prediction of all validated models. We further analyzed the predicted active compounds by their ease of organic synthesis. Finally, 18 compounds were synthesized and experimentally validated for their chemopreventive activity. The experimental validation results paralleled the cross validation results, demonstrating the utility of the developed models. The predictive models developed in this study can be applied to virtually screen other chemical libraries to identify novel lead compounds for the chemoprevention of cancers.
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Zhao GT, Liu JQ, Deng YY, Li HZ, Chen JC, Zhang ZR, Zhou L, Qiu MH. Cucurbitane-type triterpenoids from the stems and leaves of Momordica charantia. Fitoterapia 2014; 95:75-82. [PMID: 24631764 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Six new cucurbitane-type triterpenoids, karavilagenin F (1), karavilosides XII and XIII (2, 3), momordicines VI, VII, and VIII (4, 5 and 6), along with four known ones, 5β,19-epoxy-25-methoxycucurbita-6,23-diene-3β,19-diol (7), 5β,19-epoxycucurbita-6, 23-diene-3β,19,25-triol (8), kuguacin R (9), and (19R,23E)-5β,19-epoxy-19-methoxycucurbita-6,23,25-trien-3β-ol (10), were isolated from the stems and leaves of Momordica charantia L. Their chemical structures were elucidated by extensive 1D NMR and 2D NMR (HSQC, HMBC, COSY, and ROESY), MS experiments, and CD spectrum. Compound 6 showed weak cytotoxicity against five human cancer cells lines with IC50 values of 14.3-20.5μmol/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Ting Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie-Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Zhou Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Run Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Hua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China.
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Manosroi A, Jantrawut P, Ogihara E, Yamamoto A, Fukatsu M, Yasukawa K, Tokuda H, Suzuki N, Manosroi J, Akihisa T. Biological activities of phenolic compounds and triterpenoids from the galls of Terminalia chebula. Chem Biodivers 2014; 10:1448-63. [PMID: 23939793 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201300149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Nine phenolic compounds, including two phenolic carboxylic acids, 1 and 2, seven hydrolyzable tannins, 3-9, eight triterpenoids, including four oleanane-type triterpene acids, 10-13, and four of their glucosides, 14-17, isolated from a MeOH extract of the gall of Terminalia chebula Retz. (myrobalan tree; Combretaceae), were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells induced by α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), against the Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) in Raji cells, and against TPA-induced inflammation in mice. Their 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activities and cytotoxic activities against four human cancer cell lines were also evaluated. Compounds 6-9 and 12 exhibited potent inhibitory activities against melanogenesis (39.3-66.3% melanin content) with low toxicity to the cells (74.5-105.9% cell viability) at a concentration of 10 μM. Western-blot analysis revealed that isoterchebulin (8) reduced the protein levels of MITF (=microphtalmia-associated transcription factor), tyrosinase, and TRP-1 (=tyrosine-related protein 1), mostly in a concentration-dependent manner. Eight triterpenoids, 10-17, showed potent inhibitory effects on EBV-EA induction with the IC50 values in the range of 269-363 mol ratio/32 pmol TPA, while these compounds exhibited no DPPH scavenging activities (IC50 >100 μM). On the other hand, the nine phenolic compounds, 1-9, exhibited potent radical-scavenging activities (IC50 1.4-10.9 μM) with weak inhibitory effects on EBV-EA induction (IC50 460-518 mol ratio/32 pmol TPA). The tannin 6 and seven triterpenoids, 10-16, have been shown to inhibit TPA-induced inflammation (1 μg/ear) in mice with the ID50 values in the range of 0.06-0.33 μmol/ear. Arjungenin (10) exhibited inhibitory effect on skin-tumor promotion in an in vivo two-stage mouse-skin carcinogenesis test based on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) as initiator and with TPA as promoter. Compounds 1, 2, 4, 5, 7-9, 12, and 13, against HL60 cell line, compounds 1 and 4, against AZ521 cell line, and compounds 1, 11, and 12, against SK-BR-3 cell line, showed moderate cytotoxic activities (IC50 13.9-73.2 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aranya Manosroi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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47
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Cucurbitane-type glycosides from the fruits of Momordica charantia and their hypoglycaemic and cytotoxic activities. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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48
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Perez JL, Jayaprakasha GK, Patil BS. Separation and Identification of Cucurbitane-Type Triterpenoids from Bitter Melon. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2014-1185.ch003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Luis Perez
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845-2119
| | - G. K. Jayaprakasha
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845-2119
| | - Bhimanagouda S. Patil
- Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845-2119
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Cheng BH, Chen JC, Liu JQ, Zhou L, Qiu MH. Cucurbitane-Type Triterpenoids fromMomordica charantia. Helv Chim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201200329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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50
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Hsiao PC, Liaw CC, Hwang SY, Cheng HL, Zhang LJ, Shen CC, Hsu FL, Kuo YH. Antiproliferative and hypoglycemic cucurbitane-type glycosides from the fruits of Momordica charantia. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:2979-2986. [PMID: 23432055 DOI: 10.1021/jf3041116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports that bioassay-guided fractionations of EtOH extract of Momordica charantia fruits led to the isolation of 15 cucurbitane-type triterpene glycosides including 4 new compounds, kuguaosides A-D (1-4), along with 11 known ones, charantoside A (5), momordicosides I (6), F1 (7), F2 (8), K (9), L (10), and U (11), goyaglycosides-b (12) and -d (13), 7β,25-dihydroxycucurbita-5,23(E)-dien-19-al 3-O-β-d-allopyranoside (14), and 25-hydroxy-5β,19-epoxycucurbita-6,23-dien-19-on-3β-ol 3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (15). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses and chemical methods. This study also established the HPLC-ELSD fingerprinting profile of an antiproliferative fraction of which 11 main peaks were identified. Biological evaluation showed that several isolated cucurbitane-type triterpene glycosides had antiproliferative activities against MCF-7, WiDr, HEp-2, and Doay human tumor cell lines. In addition, compound 14 showed potent hypoglycemic activities by glucose uptake assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Chun Hsiao
- Divison of Herbal Drugs and Natural Products, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei 112, Taiwan
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