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Liu Y, Zhao Y, Chen H, Wang W, Zou M. Isolation, purification, and biological activities of polysaccharides from Amorpha fruticosa flowers. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38684011 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2346272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The extraction, isolation, structural characterisation and biological activities of polysaccharides from Amorpha fruticosa flowers were investigated. First, the crude polysaccharide AFP was extracted, and two major purified polysaccharide fractions AFP-2 and AFP-3 were isolated. The molecular weight and monosaccharide compositions of AFP-2 and AFP-3 were determined. Then the antioxidant activities of AFP, AFP-2 and AFP-3 were assessed by DPPH radical, β-Carotene bleaching and hydroxyl radical assays. All three tested polysaccharides showed good antioxidant activity while AFP was the strongest one. The study also showed that AFP, AFP-2 and AFP-3 have good tyrosinase inhibition, moisture absorption and retention activities. The results will provide a helpful reference for the application of polysaccharide from Amorpha fruticosa flowers as a natural cosmetic ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixian Liu
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huiping Chen
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Min Zou
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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2
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Monyela S, Kayoka PN, Ngezimana W, Nemadodzi LE. Evaluating the Metabolomic Profile and Anti-Pathogenic Properties of Cannabis Species. Metabolites 2024; 14:253. [PMID: 38786730 PMCID: PMC11122914 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14050253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The Cannabis species is one of the potent ancient medicinal plants acclaimed for its medicinal properties and recreational purposes. The plant parts are used and exploited all over the world for several agricultural and industrial applications. For many years Cannabis spp. has proven to present a highly diverse metabolomic profile with a pool of bioactive metabolites used for numerous pharmacological purposes ranging from anti-inflammatory to antimicrobial. Cannabis sativa has since been an extensive subject of investigation, monopolizing the research. Hence, there are fewer studies with a comprehensive understanding of the composition of bioactive metabolites grown in different environmental conditions, especially C. indica and a few other Cannabis strains. These pharmacological properties are mostly attributed to a few phytocannabinoids and some phytochemicals such as terpenoids or essential oils which have been tested for antimicrobial properties. Many other discovered compounds are yet to be tested for antimicrobial properties. These phytochemicals have a series of useful properties including anti-insecticidal, anti-acaricidal, anti-nematicidal, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-viral properties. Research studies have reported excellent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative multidrug-resistant bacteria as well as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Although there has been an extensive investigation on the antimicrobial properties of Cannabis, the antimicrobial properties of Cannabis on phytopathogens and aquatic animal pathogens, mostly those affecting fish, remain under-researched. Therefore, the current review intends to investigate the existing body of research on metabolomic profile and anti-microbial properties whilst trying to expand the scope of the properties of the Cannabis plant to benefit the health of other animal species and plant crops, particularly in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadrack Monyela
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Science Campus, Florida, Johannesburg 1710, South Africa
| | - Prudence Ngalula Kayoka
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Science Campus, Florida, Johannesburg 1710, South Africa
| | - Wonder Ngezimana
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Plant and Animal Sciences and Technology, Marondera University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Marondera P.O. Box 35, Zimbabwe
| | - Lufuno Ethel Nemadodzi
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Science Campus, Florida, Johannesburg 1710, South Africa
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3
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Stasiłowicz-Krzemień A, Szymanowska D, Szulc P, Cielecka-Piontek J. Antimicrobial, Probiotic, and Immunomodulatory Potential of Cannabis sativa Extract and Delivery Systems. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:369. [PMID: 38667045 PMCID: PMC11047504 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13040369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The compounds present in hemp show multidirectional biological activity. It is related to the presence of secondary metabolites, mainly cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids, and the synergy of their biological activity. The aim of this study was to assess the activity of the Henola Cannabis sativae extract and its combinations with selected carriers (polyvinyl caprolactam-polyvinyl acetate-polyethylene glycol graft copolymer, magnesium aluminometasilicate, and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin) in terms of antimicrobial, probiotic, and immunobiological effects. As a result of the conducted research, the antimicrobial activity of the extract was confirmed in relation to the following microorganisms: Clostridium difficile, Listeria monocytogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus pyrogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aereuginosa, and Candida albicans (microorganism count was reduced from ~102 CFU mL-1 to <10 CFU mL-1 in most cases). Additionally, for the system with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, a significant probiotic potential against bacterial strains was established for strains Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus reuteri, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus fermentum, and Streptococcus thermophilus (microorganism count was increased from ~102 to 104-107). In terms of immunomodulatory properties, it was determined that the tested extract and the systems caused changes in IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stasiłowicz-Krzemień
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Daria Szymanowska
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 48 Wojska Polskiego Street, 60-627 Poznan, Poland
| | - Piotr Szulc
- Department of Agronomy, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
- Department of Pharmacology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Wojska Polskiego 71b, 60-630 Poznan, Poland
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4
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Qiu Y, Gan M, Wang X, Liao T, Chen Q, Lei Y, Chen L, Wang J, Zhao Y, Niu L, Wang Y, Zhang S, Zhu L, Shen L. The global perspective on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in ectopic fat deposition: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127042. [PMID: 37742894 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Excessive expansion of adipocytes can have unhealthy consequences as excess free fatty acids enter other tissues and cause ectopic fat deposition by resynthesizing triglycerides. This lipid accumulation in various tissues is harmful and can increase the risk of related metabolic diseases such as type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and insulin resistance. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily that play a key role in energy metabolism as fatty acid metabolism sensors, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is the main subtype responsible for fat cell differentiation and adipogenesis. In this paper, we introduce the main structure and function of PPARγ and its regulatory role in the process of lipogenesis in the liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, and pancreas. This information can serve as a reference for further understanding the regulatory mechanisms and measures of the PPAR family in the process of ectopic fat deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhao Qiu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Mailin Gan
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xingyu Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Tianci Liao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qiuyang Chen
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuhang Lei
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jinyong Wang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lili Niu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shunhua Zhang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Linyuan Shen
- Farm Animal Genetic Resource Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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Serino E, Iannotti FA, Al-Hmadi HB, Caprioglio D, Moriello C, Masi F, Hammami S, Appendino G, Vitale RM, Taglialatela-Scafati O. PPARα/γ-Targeting Amorfrutin Phytocannabinoids from Aerial Parts of Glycyrrhiza foetida. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:2435-2447. [PMID: 37940359 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
An LC-MS/MS-guided analysis of the aerial parts of Glycyrrhiza foetida afforded new phenethyl (amorfrutin)- and alkyl (cannabis)-type phytocannabinoids (six and four compounds, respectively). The structural diversity of the new amorfrutins was complemented by the isolation of six known members and the synthesis of analogues modified on the aralkyl moiety. All of the compounds so obtained were assayed for agonist activity on PPARα and PPARγ nuclear receptors. Amorfrutin A (1) showed the highest agonist activity on PPARγ, amorfrutin H (7) selectively targeted PPARα, and amorfrutin E (4) behaved as a dual agonist, with the pentyl analogue of amorfrutin A (11) being inactive. Decarboxyamorfrutin A (2) was cytotoxic, and modifying its phenethyl moiety to a styryl or a phenylethynyl group retained this trait, suggesting an alternative biological scenario for these compounds. The putative binding modes of amorfrutins toward PPARα and PPARγ were obtained by a combined approach of molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations, which provided insights on the structure-activity relationships of this class of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Serino
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabio Arturo Iannotti
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council (ICB-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - Hekmat B Al-Hmadi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Medicine, AL-Muthanna University, Samawah 87QQ+3VG, Iraq
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Clean Processes (LR21ES04), Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, Monastir University, Monastir, 5000, Tunisia
| | - Diego Caprioglio
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Claudia Moriello
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council (ICB-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - Francesca Masi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Saoussen Hammami
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Clean Processes (LR21ES04), Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, Monastir University, Monastir, 5000, Tunisia
| | - Giovanni Appendino
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Vitale
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council (ICB-CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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Al-Hmadi HB, Majdoub S, Chaabane-Banaoues R, Nardoni S, El Mokni R, Dhaouadi H, Piras A, Babba H, Porcedda S, Hammami S. Chemical composition, antifungal and antibiofilm activities of essential oils from Glycyrrhiza foetida (Desf.) growing in Tunisia. Biomed Chromatogr 2023; 37:e5596. [PMID: 36740815 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study was designated to investigate the chemical composition, the antifungal activity and antibiofilm properties of Glycyrrhiza foetida (Desf.) growing in Tunisia and recognized for its pharmacological and therapeutic effects. The chemical analysis of essential oil samples prepared via hydrodistillation of the aerial parts was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Moreover, the antifungal activity of G. foetida essential oil was developed against three dermatophyte strains, two molds and Candida spp. yeasts using the broth microdilution assay. According to the percentages, the main constituents are δ-cadinene (13.9%), (E)-caryophyllene (13.2%) and γ-cadinene (8.3%). The efficiency of the essential oil in inhibiting Candida albicans biofilms formation was also evaluated in terms of inhibitory percentages. The results showed that C. albicans and Microsporum canis were the most sensitive to G. foetida essential oil with a complete inhibition at 0.4 and 0.2 mg ml-1 , respectively. Candida albicans biofilm development was reduced by 80% by the volatile oil at a concentration of 0.8 mg ml-1 . The essential oil of G. foetida has a promising role in the control of fungal agents with medical interest and in inhibition of Candida biofilm development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hekmat B Al-Hmadi
- Research Unit LR21ES04, Environmental and Clean Processes Chemistry Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, Monastir University, Monastir, Tunisia.,Department of Chemistry, College of Medicine, AL-Muthanna University, Samawah, Iraq
| | - Siwar Majdoub
- Research Unit LR21ES04, Environmental and Clean Processes Chemistry Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, Monastir University, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Raja Chaabane-Banaoues
- LP3M: Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Parasitology-Mycology, B Clinical Biology Department Faculty of Pharmacy, 1 Avicenne Street, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Simona Nardoni
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ridha El Mokni
- Laboratory of Botany, Cryptogamy and Plant Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences "A", Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir BP 207, Avenue Avicenna, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hatem Dhaouadi
- Research Unit LR21ES04, Environmental and Clean Processes Chemistry Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, Monastir University, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Alessandra Piras
- Department of Chemical and Geological Science, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Hamouda Babba
- LP3M: Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Parasitology-Mycology, B Clinical Biology Department Faculty of Pharmacy, 1 Avicenne Street, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Silvia Porcedda
- Department of Chemical and Geological Science, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Saoussen Hammami
- Research Unit LR21ES04, Environmental and Clean Processes Chemistry Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, Monastir University, Monastir, Tunisia
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Molecular Modeling of Allosteric Site of Isoform-Specific Inhibition of the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor PPARγ. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12111614. [DOI: 10.3390/biom12111614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a nuclear receptor and controls a number of gene expressions. The ligand binding domain (LBD) of PPARγ is large and involves two binding sites: orthosteric and allosteric binding sites. Increased evidence has shown that PPARγ is an oncogene and thus the PPARγ antagonists have potential as anticancer agents. In this paper, we use Glide Dock approach to determine which binding site, orthosteric or allosteric, would be a preferred pocket for PPARγ antagonist binding, though antidiabetic drugs such as thiazolidinediones (TZDs) bind to the orthosteric site. The Glide Dock results show that the binding of PPARγ antagonists at the allosteric site yielded results that were much closer to the experimental data than at the orthosteric site. The PPARγ antagonists seem to selectively bind to residues Lys265, Ser342 and Arg288 at the allosteric binding site, whereas PPARγ agonists would selectively bind to residues Leu228, Phe363, and His449, though Phe282 and Lys367 may also play a role for agonist binding at the orthosteric binding pocket. This finding will provide new perspectives in the design and optimization of selective and potent PPARγ antagonists or agonists.
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Chen W, Xu T, Zhu G, Guo B, Tang L, Wang J. Concise Total Syntheses of Amorfrutin A and B. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants Guizhou Medical University 9 Beijing Road 550004 Guiyang China
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D Guizhou Medical University 9 Beijing Road 550004 Guiyang China
| | - Tingxiao Xu
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D Guizhou Medical University 9 Beijing Road 550004 Guiyang China
- College of Pharmacy Guizhou Medical University 9 Beijing Road 550004 Guiyang China
| | - Gaofeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants Guizhou Medical University 9 Beijing Road 550004 Guiyang China
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D Guizhou Medical University 9 Beijing Road 550004 Guiyang China
| | - Bing Guo
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases Guizhou Medical University 9 Beijing Road 550004 Guiyang China
| | - Lei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants Guizhou Medical University 9 Beijing Road 550004 Guiyang China
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D Guizhou Medical University 9 Beijing Road 550004 Guiyang China
| | - Jianta Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants Guizhou Medical University 9 Beijing Road 550004 Guiyang China
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D Guizhou Medical University 9 Beijing Road 550004 Guiyang China
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Scott C, Neira Agonh D, Lehmann C. Antibacterial Effects of Phytocannabinoids. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1394. [PMID: 36143430 PMCID: PMC9505641 DOI: 10.3390/life12091394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are used as the first line of treatment for bacterial infections. However, antibiotic resistance poses a significant threat to the future of antibiotics, resulting in increased medical costs, hospital stays, and mortality. New resistance mechanisms are emerging and spreading globally, impeding the success of antibiotics in treating common infectious diseases. Recently, phytocannabinoids have been shown to possess antimicrobial activity on both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The therapeutic use of phytocannabinoids presents a unique mechanism of action to overcome existing antibiotic resistance. Future research must be carried out on phytocannabinoids as potential therapeutic agents used as novel treatments against resistant strains of microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassidy Scott
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Daniel Neira Agonh
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Christian Lehmann
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
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Amorphigenin from Amorpha fruticosa L. Root Extract Induces Autophagy-Mediated Melanosome Degradation in mTOR-Independent- and AMPK-Dependent Manner. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:2856-2867. [PMID: 35877420 PMCID: PMC9318381 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44070196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the depigmentation effect of Amorpha fruticosa L. root extract (RE), an herbal medicine. A. fruticosa RE significantly induced depigmentation in α-MSH-treated B16F10 cells at noncytotoxic concentrations. Further, the RE decreased the protein levels of the melanosomal proteins Tyr and Pmel without decreasing their transcript levels. We found that MG132, a proteasome complex inhibitor, was unable to rescue the protein levels, but PepA/E-64D (a lysosomal enzyme inhibitor), 3-MA (a representative autophagy inhibitor), and ATG5 knockdown effectively rescued the protein levels and inhibited the depigmentation effect following RE treatment. Among rotenoids, amorphigenin composed in the RE was identified as a functional chemical that could induce depigmentation; whereas rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor and a nonselective autophagy inducer, could not induce depigmentation, and amorphigenin effectively induced depigmentation through the degradation of melanosomal proteins. Amorphigenin activated AMPK without affecting mTOR, and knockdown of AMPK offset the whitening effect through degradation of melanosome proteins by amorphigenin. Results from this study suggested that amorphigenin can induce degradation of the melanosome through an AMPK-dependent autophagy process, and has the potential to be used as a depigmentation agent for the treatment of hyperpigmentation.
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Fujita T, Lin J, Kimishima A, Arai M, Takikawa H, Ogura Y. Synthesis and biological evaluation of cajaninstilbene acid and amorfrutins A-D as cytotoxic agents against human pancreatic carcinoma PANC-1 cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2022; 86:590-595. [PMID: 35157035 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbac025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A concise synthesis of cajaninstilbene acid was achieved in 7 steps from (E)-3,5-dimethoxystilbene in 8.6% overall yield via the Claisen rearrangement of an aryl reverse-prenyl ether as the key step. Cytotoxic activities against human pancreatic carcinoma PANC-1 cells of cajaninstilbene acid and amorfrutins A-D were also evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadafumi Fujita
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jianyu Lin
- Laboratory of Natural Products for Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kimishima
- Laboratory of Natural Products for Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Arai
- Laboratory of Natural Products for Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirosato Takikawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ogura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Bo S, Chang SK, Zhu H, Jiang Y, Yang B. Naturally occurring prenylated stilbenoids: food sources, biosynthesis, applications and health benefits. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:8083-8106. [PMID: 35373665 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2056131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Prenylated stilbenoids are a unique class of natural phenolic compounds consisting of C6-C2-C6 skeleton with prenyl substitution. They are potential nutraceuticals and dietary supplements presented in some edible plants. Prenylated stilbenoids demonstrate promising health benefits, including antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial activities. This review reports the structure, bioactivity and potential application of prenylated stilbeniods in food industry. Edible sources of these compounds are compiled and summarized. Structure-activity relationship of prenylated stilbenoids are also highlighted. The biosynthesis strategies of prenylated stilbenoids are reviewed. The findings of these compounds as food preservative, nutraceuticals and food additive are discussed. This paper combines the up-to-date information and gives a full image of prenylated stilbenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengtao Bo
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Core Botanical Garden, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sui Kiat Chang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Core Botanical Garden, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Core Botanical Garden, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yueming Jiang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Core Botanical Garden, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bao Yang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Core Botanical Garden, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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13
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Curtis BJ, Micikas RJ, Burkhardt RN, Smith RA, Pan JY, Jander K, Schroeder FC. Syntheses of Amorfrutins and Derivatives via Tandem Diels-Alder and Anionic Cascade Approaches. J Org Chem 2021; 86:11269-11276. [PMID: 33661630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c03043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We describe two complementary approaches based on a convergent [4+2] logic toward the synthesis of amorfrutins, cannabinoids, and related plant metabolites. An anionic cascade cyclization employing β-methoxycrotonates and β-chloro-α,β-unsaturated esters yielded amorfrutins in four linear steps and demonstrated utility of β-alkoxycrotonate-derived nucleophiles as functional equivalents of β-ketoester-derived dianions. Analogously, tandem Diels-Alder/retro-Diels-Alder cycloaddition of dimedone-derived bis(trimethylsiloxy)-dienes and α,β-alkynyl ester dienophiles provided facile access to resorcinol precursors of amorfrutins and cannabinoids, avoiding late-stage installation of prenyl or geranyl moieties as in previous approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Curtis
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Robert J Micikas
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Russell N Burkhardt
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Rubin A Smith
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Judy Y Pan
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Katrina Jander
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Frank C Schroeder
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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Arif Y, Singh P, Bajguz A, Hayat S. Phytocannabinoids Biosynthesis in Angiosperms, Fungi, and Liverworts and Their Versatile Role. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1307. [PMID: 34203173 PMCID: PMC8309193 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Phytocannabinoids are a structurally diverse class of bioactive naturally occurring compounds found in angiosperms, fungi, and liverworts and produced in several plant organs such as the flower and glandular trichrome of Cannabis sativa, the scales in Rhododendron, and oil bodies of liverworts such as Radula species; they show a diverse role in humans and plants. Moreover, phytocannabinoids are prenylated polyketides, i.e., terpenophenolics, which are derived from isoprenoid and fatty acid precursors. Additionally, targeted productions of active phytocannabinoids have beneficial properties via the genes involved and their expression in a heterologous host. Bioactive compounds show a remarkable non-hallucinogenic biological property that is determined by the variable nature of the side chain and prenyl group defined by the enzymes involved in their biosynthesis. Phytocannabinoids possess therapeutic, antibacterial, and antimicrobial properties; thus, they are used in treating several human diseases. This review gives the latest knowledge on their role in the amelioration of abiotic (heat, cold, and radiation) stress in plants. It also aims to provide synthetic and biotechnological approaches based on combinatorial biochemical and protein engineering to synthesize phytocannabinoids with enhanced properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamshi Arif
- Department of Botany, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (Y.A.); (P.S.); (S.H.)
| | - Priyanka Singh
- Department of Botany, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (Y.A.); (P.S.); (S.H.)
| | - Andrzej Bajguz
- Department of Biology and Plant Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Shamsul Hayat
- Department of Botany, Plant Physiology Section, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (Y.A.); (P.S.); (S.H.)
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Jamieson CS, Misa J, Tang Y, Billingsley JM. Biosynthesis and synthetic biology of psychoactive natural products. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:6950-7008. [PMID: 33908526 PMCID: PMC8217322 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00065a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Psychoactive natural products play an integral role in the modern world. The tremendous structural complexity displayed by such molecules confers diverse biological activities of significant medicinal value and sociocultural impact. Accordingly, in the last two centuries, immense effort has been devoted towards establishing how plants, animals, and fungi synthesize complex natural products from simple metabolic precursors. The recent explosion of genomics data and molecular biology tools has enabled the identification of genes encoding proteins that catalyze individual biosynthetic steps. Once fully elucidated, the "biosynthetic pathways" are often comparable to organic syntheses in elegance and yield. Additionally, the discovery of biosynthetic enzymes provides powerful catalysts which may be repurposed for synthetic biology applications, or implemented with chemoenzymatic synthetic approaches. In this review, we discuss the progress that has been made toward biosynthetic pathway elucidation amongst four classes of psychoactive natural products: hallucinogens, stimulants, cannabinoids, and opioids. Compounds of diverse biosynthetic origin - terpene, amino acid, polyketide - are identified, and notable mechanisms of key scaffold transforming steps are highlighted. We also provide a description of subsequent applications of the biosynthetic machinery, with an emphasis placed on the synthetic biology and metabolic engineering strategies enabling heterologous production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cooper S Jamieson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Joshua Misa
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - John M Billingsley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA. and Invizyne Technologies, Inc., Monrovia, CA, USA
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Mies T, Patel C, Parsons PJ, Barrett AGM. Biomimetic Total Syntheses of Amorfrutins A, B, (
S
)‐D and (
R
)‐D and Formal Synthesis of Amorfrutin C. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Mies
- Department of Chemistry Molecular Sciences Research Hub Imperial College London, White City Campus Wood Lane London W12 0BZ England
| | - Calum Patel
- Department of Chemistry Molecular Sciences Research Hub Imperial College London, White City Campus Wood Lane London W12 0BZ England
| | - Philip J. Parsons
- Department of Chemistry Molecular Sciences Research Hub Imperial College London, White City Campus Wood Lane London W12 0BZ England
| | - Anthony G. M. Barrett
- Department of Chemistry Molecular Sciences Research Hub Imperial College London, White City Campus Wood Lane London W12 0BZ England
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Patel C, Mies T, White AJP, Parsons PJ, Barrett AGM. Biomimetic Syntheses of Amorfrutin C and
C
‐5 Substituted Amorfrutin Analogues. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Calum Patel
- Department of Chemistry Molecular Sciences Research Hub Imperial College London, White City Campus Wood Lane London W12 0BZ England
| | - Thomas Mies
- Department of Chemistry Molecular Sciences Research Hub Imperial College London, White City Campus Wood Lane London W12 0BZ England
| | - Andrew J. P. White
- Department of Chemistry Molecular Sciences Research Hub Imperial College London, White City Campus Wood Lane London W12 0BZ England
| | - Philip J. Parsons
- Department of Chemistry Molecular Sciences Research Hub Imperial College London, White City Campus Wood Lane London W12 0BZ England
| | - Anthony G. M. Barrett
- Department of Chemistry Molecular Sciences Research Hub Imperial College London, White City Campus Wood Lane London W12 0BZ England
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18
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An Y, Zhang F, Cai Z, Du G. Direct Assembly of Polysubstituted Benzenes via Base-Catalyzed Benzannulation Reaction of α-Cyano- β-methylalkenyl-(hetero)aryl Ketones. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202104056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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19
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Yeasmin F, Choi HW. Natural Salicylates and Their Roles in Human Health. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239049. [PMID: 33260759 PMCID: PMC7731389 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is a plant hormone which plays a crucial role in the plant defense against various pathogens and abiotic stresses. Increasing reports suggest that this phenolic compound and its derivatives, collectively termed salicylates, not only regulate plant defense but also have beneficial effects on human health. Both natural and synthetic salicylates are known to have multiple targets in humans, thereby exhibiting various appreciating pharmacological roles, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, neuroprotective, antidiabetic effects, and so on. The role of some salicylates, such as acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), 5-aminosalicylic acid (mesalazine), and amorfrutins in human diseases has been well studied in vitro. However, their clinical significance in different diseases is largely unknown. Based on recent studies, five natural salicylates, including amorfrutin, ginkgolic acid, grifolic acid, tetrahydrocannabinolic acid, and cannabidiolic acid, showed potential roles in different challenging human diseases. This review summarizes together some of the recent information on multitarget regulatory activities of these natural salicylates and their pharmacological roles in human health.
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Gülck T, Møller BL. Phytocannabinoids: Origins and Biosynthesis. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 25:985-1004. [PMID: 32646718 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Phytocannabinoids are bioactive natural products found in some flowering plants, liverworts, and fungi that can be beneficial for the treatment of human ailments such as pain, anxiety, and cachexia. Targeted biosynthesis of cannabinoids with desirable properties requires identification of the underlying genes and their expression in a suitable heterologous host. We provide an overview of the structural classification of phytocannabinoids based on their decorated resorcinol core and the bioactivities of naturally occurring cannabinoids, and we review current knowledge of phytocannabinoid biosynthesis in Cannabis, Rhododendron, and Radula species. We also highlight the potential in planta roles of phytocannabinoids and the opportunity for synthetic biology approaches based on combinatorial biochemistry and protein engineering to produce cannabinoid derivatives with improved properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thies Gülck
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark; VILLUM Center for Plant Plasticity, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Synthetic Biology, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Birger Lindberg Møller
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark; VILLUM Center for Plant Plasticity, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Synthetic Biology, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Nerolidol Mitigates Colonic Inflammation: An Experimental Study Using both In Vivo and In Vitro Models. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12072032. [PMID: 32650602 PMCID: PMC7400891 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerolidol (NED) is a naturally occurring sesquiterpene alcohol present in various plants with potent anti-inflammatory effects. In the current study, we investigated NED as a putative anti-inflammatory compound in an experimental model of colonic inflammation. C57BL/6J male black mice (C57BL/6J) were administered 3% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in drinking water for 7 days to induce colitis. Six groups received either vehicle alone or DSS alone or DSS with oral NED (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg body weight/day by oral gavage) or DSS with sulfasalazine. Disease activity index (DAI), colonic histology, and biochemical parameters were measured. TNF-α-treated HT-29 cells were used as in vitro model of colonic inflammation to study NED (25 µM and 50 µM). NED significantly decreased the DAI and reduced the inflammation-associated changes in colon length as well as macroscopic and microscopic architecture of the colon. Changes in tissue Myeloperoxidase (MPO) concentrations, neutrophil and macrophage mRNA expression (CXCL2 and CCL2), and proinflammatory cytokine content (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) both at the protein and mRNA level were significantly reduced by NED. The increase in content of the proinflammatory enzymes, COX-2 and iNOS induced by DSS were also significantly inhibited by NED along with tissue nitrate levels. NED promoted Nrf2 nuclear translocation dose dependently. NED significantly increased antioxidant enzymes activity (Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT)), Hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1), and SOD3 mRNA levels. NED treatment in TNF-α-challenged HT-29 cells significantly decreased proinflammatory chemokines (CXCL1, IL-8, CCL2) and COX-2 mRNA levels. NED supplementation attenuates colon inflammation through its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity both in in vivo and in vitro models of colonic inflammation.
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Kim JH, Jang DH, Lee KW, Kim KD, Shah AB, Zhumanova K, Park KH. Tyrosinase Inhibition and Kinetic Details of Puerol A Having But-2-Enolide Structure from Amorpha fruticosa. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25102344. [PMID: 32443441 PMCID: PMC7287670 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Puerol A (1) from Amorpha fruticosa showed highly potent inhibition against both monophenolase (IC50 = 2.2 μM) and diphenolase (IC50 = 3.8 μM) of tyrosinase. We tried to obtain a full story of enzyme inhibitory behavior for inhibitor 1 because the butenolide skeleton has never been reported as a tyrosinase inhibitor. Puerol A was proved as a reversible, competitive, simple slow-binding inhibitor, according to the respective parameters; k3 = 0.0279 μM−1 min−1 and k4 = 0.003 min−1. A longer lag-phase and a reduced static-state activity of the enzyme explained that puerol A had a tight formation of the complex with Emet. Dose-dependent inhibition was also confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis using N-acetyl-l-tyrosine as a substrate, which was completely inhibited at 20 μM. A high binding affinity of 1 to tyrosinase was confirmed by fluorescence quenching analysis. Moreover, puerol A decreased melanin content in the B16 melanoma cell dose-dependently with an IC50 of 11.4 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Ho Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (J.H.K.); (D.H.J.); (A.B.S.); (K.Z.)
| | - Da Hyun Jang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (J.H.K.); (D.H.J.); (A.B.S.); (K.Z.)
| | - Ki Won Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (K.W.L.); (K.D.K.)
| | - Kwang Dong Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (K.W.L.); (K.D.K.)
| | - Abdul Bari Shah
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (J.H.K.); (D.H.J.); (A.B.S.); (K.Z.)
| | - Kamila Zhumanova
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (J.H.K.); (D.H.J.); (A.B.S.); (K.Z.)
| | - Ki Hun Park
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 plus), IALS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (J.H.K.); (D.H.J.); (A.B.S.); (K.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-772-1965; Fax: +82-772-1969
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Mohammad-Sadeghipour M, Mahmoodi M, Noroozi Karimabad M, Mirzaei MR, Hajizadeh MR. Diosgenin and 4-Hydroxyisoleucine from Fenugreek Are Regulators of Genes Involved in Lipid Metabolism in The Human Colorectal Cancer Cell Line SW480. CELL JOURNAL 2020; 22:514-522. [PMID: 32347045 PMCID: PMC7211281 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2021.6751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Objective Diosignin and 4-hydroxy-L-isulosine (4-OH-Ile) are the two active ingredients of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenumgraecum). Thus, in this study, we examined the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of fenugreek seeds (HEFS), diosgenin and 4-OH-Ile on the expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDLR) which are involved in lipid metabolism in SW480 cell line. Materials and Methods In this experimental study, SW480 cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium and treated with HEFS, diosignin, 4-OH-Ile or orlistat for 24 and 48 hours. Inhibitory concentration of 20% (IC20) was calculated using MTT method and cells were then pre-treated with the IC20 concentrations for 24 and 48 hours before RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis. Changes in the expression of ACC, FAS, PPARγ and LDLR genes were assayed by employing the real time-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Results Our results showed a significant down-regulation in the expression of ACC (P<0.001 and P<0.001 after 24 and 48 hours, respectively) and FAS genes (P<0.001 and P<0.001 after 24 and 48 hours, respectively) in SW480 cells treated with HEFS, diosignin, 4-OH-Ile, or orlistat, but significant up-regulation in the expression of PPARγ (P<0.001 and P<0.001 after 24 and 48 hours, respectively) and LDLR (P=0.005 and P=0.001 after 24 and 48 hours, respectively). Conclusion According to the results of the present study, HEFS, diosgenin and 4-OH-Ile up or down-regulate the expression of some predominant genes involved in lipid metabolism pathway, similar to that observed for orlistat. These types of regulatory effects are presumably proper for the treatment of obesity and overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mohammad-Sadeghipour
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipoor Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mahmoodi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipoor Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Research, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mojgan Noroozi Karimabad
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Research, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Mirzaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Research, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Hajizadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Research, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran. Electronic Address:
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Venkataraman B, Ojha S, Belur PD, Bhongade B, Raj V, Collin PD, Adrian TE, Subramanya SB. Phytochemical drug candidates for the modulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ in inflammatory bowel diseases. Phytother Res 2020; 34:1530-1549. [PMID: 32009281 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Plant-based compounds or phytochemicals such as alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, volatile oils, tannins, resins, and polyphenols have been used extensively in traditional medicine for centuries and more recently in Western alternative medicine. Extensive evidence suggests that consumption of dietary polyphenolic compounds lowers the risk of inflammatory diseases. The anti-inflammatory properties of several phytochemicals are mediated through ligand-inducible peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), particularly the PPARγ transcription factor. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is represented by ulcerative colitis, which occurs in the mucosa of the colon and rectum, and Crohn's disease (CD) that can involve any segment of gastrointestinal tract. Because of the lack of cost-effective pharmaceutical treatment options, many IBD patients seek and use alternative and unconventional therapies to alleviate their symptoms. PPARγ plays a role in the inhibition of inflammatory cytokine expression and activation of anti-inflammatory immune cells. The phytochemicals reported here are ligands that activate PPARγ, which in turn modulates inflammatory responses. PPARγ is highly expressed in the gut making it a potential therapeutic target for IBDs. This review summarizes the effects of the currently published phytochemicals that modulate the PPARγ pathway and reduce or eliminate colonic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Venkataraman
- Department of Physiology, Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Prasanna D Belur
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Mangalore, India
| | - Bhoomendra Bhongade
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, RAK College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vishnu Raj
- Department of Physiology, Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Thomas E Adrian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Mohamed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sandeep B Subramanya
- Department of Physiology, Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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25
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Fujita T, Kuwahara S, Ogura Y. Synthesis of amorfrutins B and D from amorfrutin A ethyl ester. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.151477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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26
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Jia Q, Lan Y, Ye X, Lin Y, Ren Q. Direct access to multi-functionalized benzenes via [4 + 2] annulation of α-cyano-β-methylenones and α,β-unsaturated aldehydes. RSC Adv 2020; 10:29171-29174. [PMID: 35521133 PMCID: PMC9055964 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05251e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient [4 + 2] benzannulation of α-cyano-β-methylenones and α,β-unsaturated aldehydes was achieved under metal-free reaction conditions selectively delivering a wide range of polyfunctional benzenes in high yields respectively (up to 94% yield). An efficient [4 + 2] benzannulation of α-cyano-β-methylenones and α,β-unsaturated aldehydes was achieved under metal-free reaction conditions selectively delivering a wide range of polyfunctional benzenes in high yields respectively (up to 94% yield).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianfa Jia
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Special Functional Materials
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yangtze Normal University
- Chongqing 408100
- P. R. China
| | - Yunfei Lan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- P. R. China
| | - Xin Ye
- College of Pharmaceutical Science
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- P. R. China
| | - Yinhe Lin
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Special Functional Materials
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yangtze Normal University
- Chongqing 408100
- P. R. China
| | - Qiao Ren
- College of Pharmaceutical Science
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- P. R. China
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27
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Fujita T, Kuwahara S, Ogura Y. Unified total synthesis of amorfrutins A and C via the Claisen rearrangement. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:1635-1641. [PMID: 31130067 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1618699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A concise, unified total synthesis of the two prenylated aromatic polyketides amorfrutins A and C, which exhibit various medicinally important biological profiles such as antimicrobial, PPARγ modulating and quorum sensing inhibitory activities, has been achieved from commercially available 3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde in 38% and 10% overall yields through nine and ten steps, respectively. The key transformation for the synthesis of amorfrutin A was the Claisen rearrangement of a mono-O-(1,1-dimethylallyl)resorcinol derivative to install the C3-prenyl substituent, while that for the synthesis of amorfrutin C was the double Claisen rearrangement of a di-O-(1,1-dimethylallyl)resorcinol derivative to introduce the two prenyl groups at the C3 and C5 positions all at once.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadafumi Fujita
- a Laboratory of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan
| | - Shigefumi Kuwahara
- a Laboratory of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan
| | - Yusuke Ogura
- a Laboratory of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan
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28
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Weber B, Brandes B, Powroznik D, Kluge R, Csuk R. An efficient and robust synthesis of amorfrutin A. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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29
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Abstract
Extracts from Cannabis species have aided the discovery of the endocannabinoid signaling system (ECSS) and phytocannabinoids that possess broad therapeutic potential. Whereas the reinforcing effects of C. sativa are largely attributed to CB1 receptor agonism by Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), the observed medicinal effects of Cannabis arise from the combined actions of various compounds. In addition to compounds bearing a classical cannabinoid structure, naturally occurring fatty acid amides and esters resembling anandamide and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol isolated from non- Cannabis species are also valuable tools for studying ECSS function. This review highlights the potential of plant-based secondary metabolites from Cannabis and unrelated species as ECSS modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W Cunningham
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Concordia University Wisconsin , Mequon , Wisconsin 53097 , United States
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30
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Xu XJ, Zeng T, Huang ZX, Xu XF, Lin J, Chen WM. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Cajaninstilbene Acid and Amorfrutins A and B as Inhibitors of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Quorum Sensing System. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2018; 81:2621-2629. [PMID: 30444360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The quorum sensing (QS) system inhibitors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa are thought to attenuate bacterial pathogenicity and drug resistance by inhibiting biofilm formation and the production of virulence factors. In this study, a synthetic approach to the natural products cajaninstilbene acid (1) and amorfrutins A (2) and B (3) has been developed and was characterized by the Heck reaction, which was used to obtain the stilbene core and a Pinick oxidation to give the O-hydroxybenzoic acid. The biological activities of these compounds against the P. aeruginosa quorum sensing systems were evaluated. Amorfrutin B (3) showed promising antibiofilm activity against P. aeruginosa PAO1 with a biofilm inhibition ratio of 50.3 ± 2.7. Three lacZ reporter strains were constructed to identify the effects of compound 3 on different QS systems. Suppression efficacy of compound 3 on the expression of lasB-lacZ and pqsA-lacZ as well as on the production of their corresponding virulence factors elastase and pyocyanin was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Jun Xu
- College of Pharmacy , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Zeng
- College of Pharmacy , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Xing Huang
- College of Pharmacy , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Fang Xu
- College of Pharmacy , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Lin
- College of Pharmacy , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Min Chen
- College of Pharmacy , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , People's Republic of China
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31
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Carpentier C, Barbeau X, Azelmat J, Vaillancourt K, Grenier D, Lagüe P, Voyer N. Lobaric acid and pseudodepsidones inhibit NF-κB signaling pathway by activation of PPAR-γ. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:5845-5851. [PMID: 30420328 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report the anti-inflammatory activity of lobaric acid and pseudodepsidones isolated from the nordic lichen Stereocaulon paschale. Lobaric acid (1) and three compounds (2, 7 and 9) were found to inhibit the NF-κB activation and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Inhibition and docking simulation experiments provided evidence that lobaric acid and pseudodepsidones bind to PPAR-γ between helix H3 and the beta sheet, similarly to partial PPAR-γ agonists. These findings suggest that lobaric acid and pseudodepsidones reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines by blocking the NF-κB pathway via the activation of PPAR-γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Carpentier
- Département de Chimie and PROTEO, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Xavier Barbeau
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-informatique and PROTEO, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jabrane Azelmat
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, 2420 rue de la Terrasse, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Katy Vaillancourt
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, 2420 rue de la Terrasse, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Daniel Grenier
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, 2420 rue de la Terrasse, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Patrick Lagüe
- Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-informatique and PROTEO, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Normand Voyer
- Département de Chimie and PROTEO, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada.
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32
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Grandhi GS, Selvakumar J, Dana S, Baidya M. Directed C–H Bond Functionalization: A Unified Approach to Formal Syntheses of Amorfrutin A, Cajaninstilbene Acid, Hydrangenol, and Macrophyllol. J Org Chem 2018; 83:12327-12333. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gowri Sankar Grandhi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Jayaraman Selvakumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Suman Dana
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Mahiuddin Baidya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
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33
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Facile and regioselective synthesis of functionalized benzenes via cascade reactions of 1,2-allenic ketones with 4-sulfonyl crotonates. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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34
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Prandi C, Blangetti M, Namdar D, Koltai H. Structure-Activity Relationship of Cannabis Derived Compounds for the Treatment of Neuronal Activity-Related Diseases. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071526. [PMID: 29941830 PMCID: PMC6099582 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabis sativa active compounds are extensively studied for their therapeutic effects, beyond the well-known psychotropic activity. C. Sativa is used to treat different medical indications, such as multiple sclerosis, spasticity, epilepsy, ulcerative colitis and pain. Simultaneously, basic research is discovering new constituents of cannabis-derived compounds and their receptors capable of neuroprotection and neuronal activity modulation. The function of the various phytochemicals in different therapeutic processes is not fully understood, but their significant role is starting to emerge and be appreciated. In this review, we will consider the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of cannabinoid compounds able to bind to cannabinoid receptors and act as therapeutic agents in neuronal diseases, e.g., Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Prandi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Marco Blangetti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Dvora Namdar
- ARO, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel.
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35
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Poudel TN, Tamargo RJI, Cai H, Lee YR. Recent Progress in Transition-Metal-Free, Base-Mediated Benzannulation Reactions for the Synthesis of a Diverse Range of Aromatic and Heteroaromatic Compounds. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tej Narayan Poudel
- School of Chemical Engineering; Yeungnam University; 280 Daehak-Ro Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk 38541 Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hongyun Cai
- School of Chemical Engineering; Yeungnam University; 280 Daehak-Ro Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk 38541 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Rok Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering; Yeungnam University; 280 Daehak-Ro Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk 38541 Republic of Korea
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36
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Pollastro F, De Petrocellis L, Schiano-Moriello A, Chianese G, Heyman H, Appendino G, Taglialatela-Scafati O. Reprint of: Amorfrutin-type phytocannabinoids from Helichrysum umbraculigerum. Fitoterapia 2018; 126:35-39. [PMID: 29655820 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Pollastro
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Bovio 6, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Luciano De Petrocellis
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - Aniello Schiano-Moriello
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - Giuseppina Chianese
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Heino Heyman
- Department of Plant Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Giovanni Appendino
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Bovio 6, 28100 Novara, Italy.
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37
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Miao Q, Li Y, Xu J, Lin A, Tanabe G, Muraoka O, Wu X, Xie W. First Total Syntheses of Amorfrutin C and pseudo-Amorfrutin A. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry; China Pharmaceutical University; 210009 Nanjing China
| | - Yunzhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry; China Pharmaceutical University; 210009 Nanjing China
| | - Jinyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry; China Pharmaceutical University; 210009 Nanjing China
| | - Aijun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry; China Pharmaceutical University; 210009 Nanjing China
| | - Genzoh Tanabe
- Faculty of Pharmacy; Kinki University; 3-4-1 Kowakae 8502 Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577- Japan
| | - Osamu Muraoka
- Faculty of Pharmacy; Kinki University; 3-4-1 Kowakae 8502 Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577- Japan
| | - Xiaoming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry; China Pharmaceutical University; 210009 Nanjing China
| | - Weijia Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry; China Pharmaceutical University; 210009 Nanjing China
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38
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Martín-Hernández R, Reglero G, Dávalos A. Data mining of nutrigenomics experiments: Identification of a cancer protective gene signature. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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39
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Liu S, Su M, Song SJ, Hong J, Chung HY, Jung JH. An Anti-Inflammatory PPAR-γ Agonist from the Jellyfish-Derived Fungus Penicillium chrysogenum J08NF-4. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2018; 81:356-363. [PMID: 29389121 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
An investigation of the jellyfish-derived fungus Penicillium chrysogenum J08NF-4 led to the isolation of two new meroterpene derivatives, chrysogenester (1) and 5-farnesyl-2-methyl-1-O-methylhydroquinone (2), and four known farnesyl meroterpenes. Docking analysis of 1 showed that it binds to PPAR-γ in the same manner as the natural PPAR-γ agonist amorfrutin B (7). Compound 1 activated PPAR-γ in murine Ac2F liver cells and increased nuclear PPAR-γ protein levels in murine RAW 264.7 macrophages. Because one of the main biological functions of PPAR-γ agonists is to suppress inflammatory response, an in vitro study was performed to explore the anti-inflammatory potency of 1 and the mechanism involved. In RAW 264.7 macrophages, 1 inhibited phosphorylation of the NF-κB p65 subunit and suppressed the expression of the pro-inflammatory mediators iNOS, NO, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. We propose 1 suppresses inflammatory responses by activating PPAR-γ and subsequently downregulating the NF-κB signaling pathway, thus reducing the expressions of pro-inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University , Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingzhi Su
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University , Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Shao-Jiang Song
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 10016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jongki Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University , Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University , Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee H Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University , Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
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40
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Nadal X, del Río C, Casano S, Palomares B, Ferreiro‐Vera C, Navarrete C, Sánchez‐Carnerero C, Cantarero I, Bellido ML, Meyer S, Morello G, Appendino G, Muñoz E. Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid is a potent PPARγ agonist with neuroprotective activity. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:4263-4276. [PMID: 28853159 PMCID: PMC5731255 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Phytocannabinoids are produced in Cannabis sativa L. in acidic form and are decarboxylated upon heating, processing and storage. While the biological effects of decarboxylated cannabinoids such as Δ9 -tetrahydrocannabinol have been extensively investigated, the bioactivity of Δ9 -tetahydrocannabinol acid (Δ9 -THCA) is largely unknown, despite its occurrence in different Cannabis preparations. Here we have assessed possible neuroprotective actions of Δ9 -THCA through modulation of PPARγ pathways. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effects of six phytocannabinoids on PPARγ binding and transcriptional activity were investigated. The effect of Δ9 -THCA on mitochondrial biogenesis and PPARγ coactivator 1-α expression was investigated in Neuro-2a (N2a) cells. The neuroprotective effect was analysed in STHdhQ111/Q111 cells expressing a mutated form of the huntingtin protein and in N2a cells infected with an adenovirus carrying human huntingtin containing 94 polyQ repeats (mHtt-q94). The in vivo neuroprotective activity of Δ9 -THCA was investigated in mice intoxicated with the mitochondrial toxin 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA). KEY RESULTS Cannabinoid acids bind and activate PPARγ with higher potency than their decarboxylated products. Δ9 -THCA increased mitochondrial mass in neuroblastoma N2a cells and prevented cytotoxicity induced by serum deprivation in STHdhQ111/Q111 cells and by mutHtt-q94 in N2a cells. Δ9 -THCA, through a PPARγ-dependent pathway, was neuroprotective in mice treated with 3-NPA, improving motor deficits and preventing striatal degeneration. In addition, Δ9 -THCA attenuated microgliosis, astrogliosis and up-regulation of proinflammatory markers induced by 3-NPA. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Δ9 -THCA shows potent neuroprotective activity, which is worth considering for the treatment of Huntington's disease and possibly other neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmen del Río
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e InmunologíaHospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Universidad de CórdobaCórdobaSpain
| | | | - Belén Palomares
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e InmunologíaHospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Universidad de CórdobaCórdobaSpain
| | | | | | | | - Irene Cantarero
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e InmunologíaHospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Universidad de CórdobaCórdobaSpain
| | | | | | | | - Giovanni Appendino
- Dipartimento di Scienze del FarmacoUniversità del Piemonte OrientaleNovaraItaly
| | - Eduardo Muñoz
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e InmunologíaHospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Universidad de CórdobaCórdobaSpain
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41
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Ávila-Román J, Talero E, de Los Reyes C, García-Mauriño S, Motilva V. Microalgae-derived oxylipins decrease inflammatory mediators by regulating the subcellular location of NFκB and PPAR-γ. Pharmacol Res 2017; 128:220-230. [PMID: 29129670 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Oxylipins (OXLs) are bioactive molecules generated by the oxidation of fatty acids that promote the resolution of acute inflammation and prevent chronic inflammatory processes through molecular mechanisms that are not well known. We have previously reported the anti-inflammatory activity of microalgae-derived OXLs and OXL-containing biomass in two inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) models: 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced acute colitis and TNBS-induced recurrent colitis. In this study, we examined the in vitro anti-inflammatory mechanism of action of the most abundant OXLs isolated from Chlamydomonas debaryana (13S-HOTE and 13S-HODE) and Nannochloropsis gaditana (15S-HEPE). These OXLs decreased IL-1β and IL-6 pro-inflammatory cytokines production as well as iNOS and COX-2 expression levels in THP-1 macrophages. In addition, OXLs decreased IL-8 production in HT-29 colon cells, the major chemokine produced by these cells. The interaction of OXLs with NFκB and PPAR-γ signaling pathways was studied by confocal microscopy. In THP-1 macrophages and HT-29 colon cells, stimulated by LPS and TNFα respectively, a pre-treatment with 13S-HOTE, 13S-HODE and 15S-HEPE (100μM) resulted in a lower nuclear presence of NFκB in both cell lines. The study of the subcellular localization of PPAR-γ showed that the treatment of THP-1 and HT-29 cells with these OXLs caused the migration of PPAR-γ into the nucleus. Colocalization analysis of both transcription factors in LPS-stimulated THP-1 macrophages showed that the pre-treatment with 13S-HOTE, 13S-HODE or 15S-HEPE lowered nuclear colocalization similar to control value, and increased cytosolic localization above control level. These results indicate that these OXLs could act as agonist of PPAR-γ and consequently inhibit NFκB signaling pathway activation, thus lowering the production of inflammatory markers, highlighting the therapeutic potential of these OXLs in inflammatory diseases such as IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ávila-Román
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, 41012, Spain.
| | - Elena Talero
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, 41012, Spain
| | - Carolina de Los Reyes
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, 11510, Spain
| | - Sofía García-Mauriño
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, 41012, Spain
| | - Virginia Motilva
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, 41012, Spain
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42
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Pollastro F, De Petrocellis L, Schiano-Moriello A, Chianese G, Heyman H, Appendino G, Taglialatela-Scafati O. Amorfrutin-type phytocannabinoids from Helichrysum umbraculigerum. Fitoterapia 2017; 123:13-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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43
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Kozuharova E, Matkowski A, Woźniak D, Simeonova R, Naychov Z, Malainer C, Mocan A, Nabavi SM, Atanasov AG. Amorpha fruticosa - A Noxious Invasive Alien Plant in Europe or a Medicinal Plant against Metabolic Disease? Front Pharmacol 2017. [PMID: 28642702 PMCID: PMC5462938 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amorpha fruticosa L. (Fabaceae) is a shrub native to North America which has been cultivated mainly for its ornamental features, honey plant value and protective properties against soil erosion. It is registered amongst the most noxious invasive species in Europe. However, a growing body of scientific literature also points to the therapeutic potential of its chemical constituents. Due to the fact that A. fruticosa is an aggressive invasive species, it can provide an abundant and cheap resource of plant chemical constituents which can be utilized for therapeutic purposes. Additionally, exploitation of the biomass for medicinal use might contribute to relieving the destructive impact of this species on natural habitats. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary and systematize the state-of-the-art in the knowledge of the phytochemical composition and the potential of A. fruticosa in disease treatment and prevention, with especial emphasis on diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Also reviewed are aspects related to potential toxicity of A. fruticosa which has not yet been systematically evaluated in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Kozuharova
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of SofiaSofia, Bulgaria
| | - Adam Matkowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology with Botanical Garden of Medicinal PlantsMedical University of Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Woźniak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology with Botanical Garden of Medicinal PlantsMedical University of Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Rumiana Simeonova
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of SofiaSofia, Bulgaria
| | - Zheko Naychov
- Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital LozenetzSofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Andrei Mocan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and PharmacyCluj-Napoca, Romania.,ICHAT and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary MedicineCluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Seyed M Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehran, Iran
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of SciencesJastrzebiec, Poland.,Department of Pharmacognosy, University of ViennaVienna, Austria.,Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
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Muharini R, Díaz A, Ebrahim W, Mándi A, Kurtán T, Rehberg N, Kalscheuer R, Hartmann R, Orfali RS, Lin W, Liu Z, Proksch P. Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Phenolic Metabolites from the Fruits of Amorpha fruticosa. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:169-180. [PMID: 28075580 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Fourteen new natural products, namely, 2-[(Z)-styryl]-5-geranylresorcin-1-carboxylic acid (1), amorfrutin D (2), 4-O-demethylamorfrutin D (3), 8-geranyl-3,5,7-trihydroxyflavanone (4), 8-geranyl-5,7,3'-trihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone (5), 6-geranyl-5,7,3'-trihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone (6), 8-geranyl-7,3'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone (7), 3-O-demethyldalbinol (8), 6a,12a-dehydro-3-O-demethylamorphigenin (9), (6aR,12aR,5'R)-amorphigenin (10), amorphispironones B and C (11 and 12), resokaempferol 3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-d-glucopyranoside-7-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (13), and daidzein 7-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-d-glucopyranoside (14), together with 40 known compounds, were isolated from the fruits of Amorpha fruticosa. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analysis as well as from the mass spectrometry data. ECD calculations were performed to determine the absolute configurations of 11 and 15. Compounds 1, 4-6, and 16-23 showed potent to moderate antibacterial activities against several Gram-positive bacteria with MIC values ranging from 3.1 to 100 μM. In addition, compounds 11 and 24-33 were significantly cytotoxic against the L5178Y mouse lymphoma cell line and exhibited IC50 values from 0.2 to 10.2 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rini Muharini
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf , 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Education, Tanjungpura University , 78124 Pontianak, Indonesia
| | - Adriana Díaz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf , 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Weaam Ebrahim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf , 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University , Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Attila Mándi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen , Debrecen 4032, Hungary
| | - Tibor Kurtán
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen , Debrecen 4032, Hungary
| | - Nidja Rehberg
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf , 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rainer Kalscheuer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf , 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rudolf Hartmann
- Institute of Complex Systems: Strukturbiochemie, Forschungszentrum Juelich , 52428 Juelich, Germany
| | - Raha S Orfali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wenhan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University , Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf , 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Proksch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf , 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Öztürk M, Altay V, Hakeem KR, Akçiçek E. Economic Importance. LIQUORICE 2017. [PMCID: PMC7120331 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-74240-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The beneficial effects of liquorice in treating chills, colds, and coughs have been fully discussed in Ayurveda, as well as in the texts of ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans. The plant has been prescribed for dropsy during the period of famous Hippocrates. The reason being that it was quite helpful as thirst-quenching drugs (Biondi et al. in J Nat Prod 68:1099–1102, 2005; Mamedov and Egamberdieva in Herbals and human health-phytochemistry. Springer Nature Publishers, 41 pp, 2017). No doubt, the clinical use of liquorice in modern medicine started around 1930; Pedanios Dioscorides of Anazarba (Adana), first century AD-Father of Pharmacists, mentions that it is highly effective in the treatment of stomach and intestinal ulcers. In Ayurveda, people in ancient Hindu culture have used it for improving sexual vigor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Münir Öztürk
- Department of Botany and Center for Environmental Studies, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Volkan Altay
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Khalid Rehman Hakeem
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eren Akçiçek
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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Analysis of bioactive constituents from the leaves of Amorpha fruticosa L. J Food Drug Anal 2016; 25:992-999. [PMID: 28987377 PMCID: PMC9328870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Amorpha fruticosa L. is a Chinese folk medicine and rich in polyphenols. Fifteen known compounds were isolated and identified from the leaves of A. fruticosa L. They are tephrosin (1), 6a,12a-dehydrodeguelin (2), vitexin (3), afrormosin-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (4), 2″-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl isovitexin (5), rutin (6), chrysoeriol (7), 7-O-methylluteolin (8), trans-p-coumaric acid (9), 2-benzyl-4,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid-4-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (10), formononetin (11), quercetin (12), apigenin (13), β-sitosterol (14), and β-daucosterol (15). Compounds 3, 4, 5, and 7-9 were isolated from A. fruticosa L. for the first time. Cytotoxicity of individual compounds 3-10 and 90% ethanol extract against human cancer cell lines HCT116 and HepG2 were reported. The results suggested that compounds 7 and 8, and the crude extract exhibited inhibitory effects on human cancer cell line HCT116, at concentrations of 100 μg/mL, 5 μg/mL, and 25 μg/mL at <60% of cell viability rate, respectively. In addition, a valid high-performance liquid chromatography diode array detector method was established to quantitatively analyze compounds 1-12 in the leaves of A. fruticosa L., which was harvested at three different stages of maturity from May 20 to August 10, 2014. The results demonstrated that contents were greatly influenced by the maturity. Total amounts of the analytical constituents gradually increased from May 20 to August 10, with the values ranging from 10.86 mg/g to 18.84 mg/g, whereas bioactive compounds 7 and 8 presented the opposite variation trend. The results of this study may provide data for further study and comprehensive utilization of A. fruticosa L. RESOURCE
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Klessig DF, Tian M, Choi HW. Multiple Targets of Salicylic Acid and Its Derivatives in Plants and Animals. Front Immunol 2016; 7:206. [PMID: 27303403 PMCID: PMC4880560 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is a critical plant hormone that is involved in many processes, including seed germination, root initiation, stomatal closure, floral induction, thermogenesis, and response to abiotic and biotic stresses. Its central role in plant immunity, although extensively studied, is still only partially understood. Classical biochemical approaches and, more recently, genome-wide high-throughput screens have identified more than two dozen plant SA-binding proteins (SABPs), as well as multiple candidates that have yet to be characterized. Some of these proteins bind SA with high affinity, while the affinity of others exhibit is low. Given that SA levels vary greatly even within a particular plant species depending on subcellular location, tissue type, developmental stage, and with respect to both time and location after an environmental stimulus such as infection, the presence of SABPs exhibiting a wide range of affinities for SA may provide great flexibility and multiple mechanisms through which SA can act. SA and its derivatives, both natural and synthetic, also have multiple targets in animals/humans. Interestingly, many of these proteins, like their plant counterparts, are associated with immunity or disease development. Two recently identified SABPs, high mobility group box protein and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, are critical proteins that not only serve key structural or metabolic functions but also play prominent roles in disease responses in both kingdoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miaoying Tian
- Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, HI , USA
| | - Hyong Woo Choi
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University , Ithaca, NY , USA
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Sauer S. Ligands for the Nuclear Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2016; 36:688-704. [PMID: 26435213 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors are ligand-activated transcription factors, which represent a primary class of drug targets. The nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a key player in various biological processes. PPARγ is widely known as the target protein of the thiazolidinediones for treating type 2 diabetes. Moreover, PPARγ ligands can induce anti-inflammatory and potentially additional beneficial effects. Recent mechanistic insights of PPARγ modulation give hope the next generation of efficient PPARγ-based drugs with fewer side effects can be developed. Furthermore, chemical approaches that make use of synergistic action of combinatorial ligands are promising alternatives for providing tailored medicine. Lessons learned from fine-tuning the action of PPARγ can provide avenues for efficient molecular intervention via many other nuclear receptors to combat common diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Sauer
- Otto-Warburg Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestrasse 73, 14195 Berlin, Germany; University of Würzburg, CU Systems Medicine, Josef-Schneider-Straße 2, Building D15, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany.
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49
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Iberis amara Extract Induces Intracellular Formation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Inhibits Colon Cancer. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152398. [PMID: 27050665 PMCID: PMC4822881 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Massively increasing global incidences of colorectal cancer require efficient treatment and prevention strategies. Here, we report unexpected anticancerogenic effects of hydroethanolic Iberis amara extract (IAE), which is known as a widely used phytomedical product for treating gastrointestinal complaints. IAE significantly inhibited the proliferation of HT-29 and T84 colon carcinoma cells with an inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 6 and 9 μg/ml, respectively, and further generated inhibitory effects in PC-3 prostate and MCF7 breast cancer cells. Inhibition of proliferation in HT-29 cells was associated with a G2/M phase cell cycle arrest including reduced expression of various regulatory marker proteins. Notably, in HT-29 cells IAE further induced apoptosis by intracellular formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Consistent with predictions derived from our in vitro experiments, bidaily oral gavage of 50 mg/kg of IAE over 4 weeks resulted in significant inhibition of tumor growth in a mouse HT-29 tumor xenograft model. Taken together, Iberis amara extracts could become useful alternatives for preventing and treating the progression of colon cancer.
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50
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Weidner C, Rousseau M, Micikas RJ, Fischer C, Plauth A, Wowro SJ, Siems K, Hetterling G, Kliem M, Schroeder FC, Sauer S. Amorfrutin C Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits Proliferation in Colon Cancer Cells through Targeting Mitochondria. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:2-12. [PMID: 26731300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A known (1) and a structurally related new natural product (2), both belonging to the amorfrutin benzoic acid class, were isolated from the roots of Glycyrrhiza foetida. Compound 1 (amorfrutin B) is an efficient agonist of the nuclear peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) gamma and of other PPAR subtypes. Compound 2 (amorfrutin C) showed comparably lower PPAR activation potential. Amorfrutin C exhibited striking antiproliferative effects for human colorectal cancer cells (HT-29 and T84), prostate cancer (PC-3), and breast cancer (MCF7) cells (IC50 values ranging from 8 to 16 μM in these cancer cell lines). Notably, amorfrutin C (2) showed less potent antiproliferative effects in primary colon cells. For HT-29 cells, compound 2 induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and modulated protein expression of key cell cycle modulators. Amorfrutin C further induced apoptotic events in HT-29 cells, including caspase activation, DNA fragmentation, PARP cleavage, phosphatidylserine externalization, and formation of reactive oxygen species. Mechanistic studies revealed that 2 disrupts the mitochondrial integrity by depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane (IC50 0.6 μM) and permanent opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, leading to increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification. Structure-activity-relationship experiments revealed the carboxylic acid and the hydroxy group residues of 2 as fundamental structural requirements for inducing these apoptotic effects. Synergy analyses demonstrated stimulation of the death receptor signaling pathway. Taken together, amorfrutin C (2) represents a promising lead for the development of anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Weidner
- Otto Warburg Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics , D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Morten Rousseau
- Otto Warburg Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics , D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert J Micikas
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Cornelius Fischer
- Otto Warburg Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics , D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Annabell Plauth
- Otto Warburg Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics , D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sylvia J Wowro
- Otto Warburg Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics , D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Karsten Siems
- AnalytiCon Discovery GmbH , D-14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Magdalena Kliem
- Otto Warburg Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics , D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank C Schroeder
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Sascha Sauer
- Otto Warburg Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics , D-14195 Berlin, Germany
- CU Systems Medicine, University of Würzburg , D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
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