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Shirazkeytabar K, Razavi SA, Abooshahab R, Salehipour P, Akbarzadeh M, Soroush A, Hedayati M, Nasiri S. Elevated Plasma Levels of MT4-MMP and MT6-MMP; A New Observation in Patients with Thyroid Nodules. ARCHIVES OF IRANIAN MEDICINE 2023; 26:338-345. [PMID: 38310435 PMCID: PMC10685831 DOI: 10.34172/aim.2023.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on the critical role of MT4-MMP and MT6-MMP in carcinogenesis, we focused on MT4-MMP and MT6-MMP circulating levels in patients with thyroid nodules. METHODS Plasma samples were collected from three groups, including papillary thyroid cancer (PTC; n=30), multinodular goiter (MNG; n=30), and healthy subjects (n=22). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to obtain the concentration of MT4-MMP and MT6-MMP in the three groups. RESULTS Analysis of data demonstrated increased levels of MT4-MMP (PTC: 4.90±1.35, MNG: 4.89±1.37, and healthy: 3.13±1.42) and MT6-MMP (PTC: 8.29±2.50, MNG: 7.34±2.09, and healthy:5.01±2.13) in thyroid nodules by comparison with healthy subjects (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the levels of the two MT-MMPs between PTC and MNG (P>0.05). Increased plasma levels of MT4-MMP (odds ratio=2.48; 95% CI: 1.46-4.19; P=0.001) or MT6-MMP (odds ratio=1.81; 95% CI: 1.29-2.53; P=0.001) were associated with increased risk of PTC tumorigenesis. Interestingly, a strong positive association was observed between MT4-MMP and MT6-MMP in the three groups (PTC: r=0.766**, P=0.000; MNG: r=0.856**, P=0.000; healthy r=0.947**, P=0.000). Areas under the ROC curve for MT4-MMP and MT6-MMP were 0.82 and 0.96, respectively. At the cutoff value>4.7 (ng/mL), MT4-MMP and MT6-MMP showed a sensitivity of 63.3% and 90.0%, respectively, with 100% specificity. CONCLUSION Our work has led us to imply that the higher levels of MT4-MMP and MT6-MMP are closely linked with both PTC and MNG tumorigenesis. They may probably promote the development of thyroid lesions; however, more research is needed to further clarify the current findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Shirazkeytabar
- Department of Surgery, Shariati Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S. Adeleh Razavi
- Department of Surgery, Shariati Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Research and Development (R&D), Saeed Pathobiology & Genetics Laboratory, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raziyeh Abooshahab
- Department of Surgery, Shariati Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
| | - Pouya Salehipour
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Akbarzadeh
- Department of Surgery, Shariati Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Soroush
- Department of Surgery, Shariati Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Department of Surgery, Shariati Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirzad Nasiri
- Department of Surgery, Shariati Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Urrata V, Trapani M, Franza M, Moschella F, Di Stefano AB, Toia F. Analysis of MSCs' secretome and EVs cargo: Evaluation of functions and applications. Life Sci 2022; 308:120990. [PMID: 36155182 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Urrata
- BIOPLAST-Laboratory of BIOlogy and Regenerative Medicine-PLASTic Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Trapani
- BIOPLAST-Laboratory of BIOlogy and Regenerative Medicine-PLASTic Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "Paolo Giaccone", 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mara Franza
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "Paolo Giaccone", 90127 Palermo, Italy; Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Moschella
- BIOPLAST-Laboratory of BIOlogy and Regenerative Medicine-PLASTic Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Barbara Di Stefano
- BIOPLAST-Laboratory of BIOlogy and Regenerative Medicine-PLASTic Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Francesca Toia
- BIOPLAST-Laboratory of BIOlogy and Regenerative Medicine-PLASTic Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "Paolo Giaccone", 90127 Palermo, Italy; Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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Sun Y, Selvarajan S, Zang Z, Liu W, Zhu Y, Zhang H, Chen W, Chen H, Li L, Cai X, Gao H, Wu Z, Zhao Y, Chen L, Teng X, Mantoo S, Lim TKH, Hariraman B, Yeow S, Alkaff SMF, Lee SS, Ruan G, Zhang Q, Zhu T, Hu Y, Dong Z, Ge W, Xiao Q, Wang W, Wang G, Xiao J, He Y, Wang Z, Sun W, Qin Y, Zhu J, Zheng X, Wang L, Zheng X, Xu K, Shao Y, Zheng S, Liu K, Aebersold R, Guan H, Wu X, Luo D, Tian W, Li SZ, Kon OL, Iyer NG, Guo T. Artificial intelligence defines protein-based classification of thyroid nodules. Cell Discov 2022; 8:85. [PMID: 36068205 PMCID: PMC9448820 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-022-00442-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Determination of malignancy in thyroid nodules remains a major diagnostic challenge. Here we report the feasibility and clinical utility of developing an AI-defined protein-based biomarker panel for diagnostic classification of thyroid nodules: based initially on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE), and further refined for fine-needle aspiration (FNA) tissue specimens of minute amounts which pose technical challenges for other methods. We first developed a neural network model of 19 protein biomarkers based on the proteomes of 1724 FFPE thyroid tissue samples from a retrospective cohort. This classifier achieved over 91% accuracy in the discovery set for classifying malignant thyroid nodules. The classifier was externally validated by blinded analyses in a retrospective cohort of 288 nodules (89% accuracy; FFPE) and a prospective cohort of 294 FNA biopsies (85% accuracy) from twelve independent clinical centers. This study shows that integrating high-throughput proteomics and AI technology in multi-center retrospective and prospective clinical cohorts facilitates precise disease diagnosis which is otherwise difficult to achieve by other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoting Sun
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, No.18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sathiyamoorthy Selvarajan
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zelin Zang
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, No.18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Westlake Omics (Hangzhou) Biotechnology Co., Ltd., No.1 Yunmeng Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, No.18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Wanyuan Chen
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Westlake Omics (Hangzhou) Biotechnology Co., Ltd., No.1 Yunmeng Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu Li
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, No.18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xue Cai
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, No.18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huanhuan Gao
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, No.18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhicheng Wu
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, No.18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongfu Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Lirong Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaodong Teng
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sangeeta Mantoo
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tony Kiat-Hon Lim
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bhuvaneswari Hariraman
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Serene Yeow
- Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Syed Muhammad Fahmy Alkaff
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Division of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sze Sing Lee
- Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Guan Ruan
- Westlake Omics (Hangzhou) Biotechnology Co., Ltd., No.1 Yunmeng Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiushi Zhang
- Westlake Omics (Hangzhou) Biotechnology Co., Ltd., No.1 Yunmeng Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tiansheng Zhu
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, No.18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yifan Hu
- Westlake Omics (Hangzhou) Biotechnology Co., Ltd., No.1 Yunmeng Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhen Dong
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, No.18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weigang Ge
- Westlake Omics (Hangzhou) Biotechnology Co., Ltd., No.1 Yunmeng Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi Xiao
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, No.18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weibin Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guangzhi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Junhong Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yi He
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhihong Wang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuan Qin
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xu Zheng
- Liaoning Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics and Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Linyan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xi Zheng
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang, China), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kailun Xu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang, China), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingkuan Shao
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang, China), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shu Zheng
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang, China), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Ruedi Aebersold
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Faculty of Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Haixia Guan
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaohong Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dingcun Luo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen Tian
- Department of General Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Stan Ziqing Li
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, No.18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. .,Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Oi Lian Kon
- Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Narayanan Gopalakrishna Iyer
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Tiannan Guo
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. .,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. .,Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, No.18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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4
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Ferrara B, Belbekhouche S, Habert D, Houppe C, Vallée B, Bourgoin-Voillard S, Cohen JL, Cascone I, Courty J. Cell surface nucleolin as active bait for nanomedicine in cancer therapy: a promising option. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:322001. [PMID: 33892482 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abfb30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Conventional chemotherapy used against cancer is mostly limited due to their non-targeted nature, affecting normal tissue and causing undesirable toxic effects to the affected tissue. With the aim of improving these treatments both therapeutically and in terms of their safety, numerous studies are currently being carried out using nanoparticles (NPs) as a vector combining tumor targeting and carrying therapeutic tools. In this context, it appears that nucleolin, a molecule over-expressed on the surface of tumor cells, is an interesting therapeutic target. Several ligands, antagonists of nucleolin of various origins, such as AS1411, the F3 peptide and the multivalent pseudopeptide N6L have been developed and studied as therapeutic tools against cancer. Over the last ten years or so, numerous studies have been published demonstrating that these antagonists can be used as tumor targeting agents with NPs from various origins. Focusing on nucleolin ligands, the aim of this article is to review the literature recently published or under experimentation in our research team to evaluate the efficacy and future development of these tools as anti-tumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Ferrara
- Université Paris-Est Creteil, Immunorégulation et Biothérapie, INSERM U955, Hôpital Henri Mondor, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Sabrina Belbekhouche
- Université Paris-Est Creteil, CNRS, Institut Chimie et Matériaux Paris Est, UMR 7182, 2 Rue Henri Dunant, F-94320 Thiais, France
| | - Damien Habert
- Université Paris-Est Creteil, Immunorégulation et Biothérapie, INSERM U955, Hôpital Henri Mondor, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Claire Houppe
- Université Paris-Est Creteil, Immunorégulation et Biothérapie, INSERM U955, Hôpital Henri Mondor, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Benoit Vallée
- Université Paris-Est Creteil, Immunorégulation et Biothérapie, INSERM U955, Hôpital Henri Mondor, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Sandrine Bourgoin-Voillard
- Université Paris-Est Creteil, Immunorégulation et Biothérapie, INSERM U955, Hôpital Henri Mondor, F-94010 Créteil, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics/Prométhée Proteomic Platform, UGA-INSERM U1055-CHUGA, Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC, PROMETHEE Proteomic Platform, Grenoble, France
| | - José L Cohen
- Université Paris-Est Creteil, Immunorégulation et Biothérapie, INSERM U955, Hôpital Henri Mondor, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Ilaria Cascone
- Université Paris-Est Creteil, Immunorégulation et Biothérapie, INSERM U955, Hôpital Henri Mondor, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - José Courty
- Université Paris-Est Creteil, Immunorégulation et Biothérapie, INSERM U955, Hôpital Henri Mondor, F-94010 Créteil, France
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Forkhead box K1 facilitates growth of papillary thyroid carcinoma cells by regulating connective tissue growth factor expression. Hum Cell 2020; 34:457-467. [PMID: 33098545 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-020-00450-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Forkhead box (FOX) proteins have been identified as key transcription factors in diverse biological processes involved in tumor progression. A large number of FOX proteins are implicated in tumorigenesis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Here we investigated the role of Forkhead box K1 (FOXK1) in PTC progression. First, we found that FOXK1 was elevated in both PTC tissues (N = 68) and cell lines. Moreover, up-regulated FOXK1 was associated with shorter overall survival of PTC patients. Second, in vitro functional assays showed that FOXK1 promoted progression of PTC. Mechanistically, FOXK1 could bind to the promoter of cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CYR61) and regulate connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expression through CYR61. Notably, over-expression of CTGF weakened suppression of PTC progression induced by FOXK1 knockdown. Finally, in vivo xenotransplant tumor model indicated that knockdown of FOXK1 suppressed PTC growth. In conclusion, our results indicate that FOXK1 exerts oncogenic roles in PTC via CYR61/CTGF axis, which suggests FOXK1 might act as a potential therapeutic target.
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Karachaliou CE, Kalbacher H, Voelter W, Tsitsilonis OE, Livaniou E. In Vitro Immunodetection of Prothymosin Alpha in Normal and Pathological Conditions. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:4840-4854. [PMID: 31389310 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190807145212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prothymosin alpha (ProTα) is a highly acidic polypeptide, ubiquitously expressed in almost all mammalian cells and tissues and consisting of 109 amino acids in humans. ProTα is known to act both, intracellularly, as an anti-apoptotic and proliferation mediator, and extracellularly, as a biologic response modifier mediating immune responses similar to molecules termed as "alarmins". Antibodies and immunochemical techniques for ProTα have played a leading role in the investigation of the biological role of ProTα, several aspects of which still remain unknown and contributed to unraveling the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of the polypeptide. This review deals with the so far reported antibodies along with the related immunodetection methodology for ProTα (immunoassays as well as immunohistochemical, immunocytological, immunoblotting, and immunoprecipitation techniques) and its application to biological samples of interest (tissue extracts and sections, cells, cell lysates and cell culture supernatants, body fluids), in health and disease states. In this context, literature information is critically discussed, and some concluding remarks are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysoula-Evangelia Karachaliou
- Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy & Safety (INRASTES), National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", 15310 Agia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece
| | - Hubert Kalbacher
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Voelter
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ourania E Tsitsilonis
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15701 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Livaniou
- Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy & Safety (INRASTES), National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", 15310 Agia Paraskevi, Athens, Greece
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7
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Esposito T, Lucariello A, Hay E, Contieri M, Tammaro P, Varriale B, Guerra G, De Luca A, Perna A. Effects of curcumin and its adjuvant on TPC1 thyroid cell line. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 305:112-118. [PMID: 30935902 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that different curcumin extracts are able to influence cell metabolic activity vitality in human papillary thyroid carcinoma TPC-1 cells. We continued the study using the most effective extract and adding other nutraceuticals such as piperine and vitamin E, in order to define the possible role of these in modulating the genetic expression of cell markers and to understand the effectiveness in modulating the regression of cancer phenotype. Cells were treated with one extract of curcumin (Naturex® Ultimate Botanical Benefits), with Piperine (Piper Longum, A.C.E.F.) and Vitamin E (Dry Vitamin E-Acetate 50% DC, BASF) alone and in combination, dissolved in the culture medium, for 48 h. Treatment with the different nutraceuticals is able to influence cell cycle regulators (cyclin D1, β-catenin, p21, p53) and activators or inhibitors of apoptosis (BAX, pro-caspase3, Bcl-2). They are able to influence cell cycle distribution and metabolic activity vitality. The inhibitory effect of curcumin, piperine and vitamin E on cell proliferation involves different markers, and in particular inhibits β-catenin, cyclinD1 and p53, making them candidates for a possible use in alternative therapies although further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Esposito
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Molecular Genetics Laboratory, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Lucariello
- Department of Sport Sciences and Wellness, University of Naples "Parthenope", 80100, Naples, Italy
| | - Eleonora Hay
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Marcella Contieri
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Tammaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Molecular Genetics Laboratory, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Bruno Varriale
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Molecular Genetics Laboratory, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Germano Guerra
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio", University of Molise, Via F. De Santis, 86100, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Antonio De Luca
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Angelica Perna
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio", University of Molise, Via F. De Santis, 86100, Campobasso, Italy.
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Belczacka I, Latosinska A, Metzger J, Marx D, Vlahou A, Mischak H, Frantzi M. Proteomics biomarkers for solid tumors: Current status and future prospects. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2019; 38:49-78. [PMID: 29889308 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a heterogeneous multifactorial disease, which continues to be one of the main causes of death worldwide. Despite the extensive efforts for establishing accurate diagnostic assays and efficient therapeutic schemes, disease prevalence is on the rise, in part, however, also due to improved early detection. For years, studies were focused on genomics and transcriptomics, aiming at the discovery of new tests with diagnostic or prognostic potential. However, cancer phenotypic characteristics seem most likely to be a direct reflection of changes in protein metabolism and function, which are also the targets of most drugs. Investigations at the protein level are therefore advantageous particularly in the case of in-depth characterization of tumor progression and invasiveness. Innovative high-throughput proteomic technologies are available to accurately evaluate cancer formation and progression and to investigate the functional role of key proteins in cancer. Employing these new highly sensitive proteomic technologies, cancer biomarkers may be detectable that contribute to diagnosis and guide curative treatment when still possible. In this review, the recent advances in proteomic biomarker research in cancer are outlined, with special emphasis placed on the identification of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for solid tumors. In view of the increasing number of screening programs and clinical trials investigating new treatment options, we discuss the molecular connections of the biomarkers as well as their potential as clinically useful tools for diagnosis, risk stratification and therapy monitoring of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Belczacka
- Mosaiques-Diagnostics GmbH, Hannover, Germany
- University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), Aachen, Germany
| | | | | | - David Marx
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Service de Transplantation Rénale, Strasbourg, France
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), University of Strasbourg, National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC) UMR 7178, Strasbourg, France
| | - Antonia Vlahou
- Biotechnology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Athens, Greece
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9
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Perna A, De Luca A, Adelfi L, Pasquale T, Varriale B, Esposito T. Effects of different extracts of curcumin on TPC1 papillary thyroid cancer cell line. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 18:63. [PMID: 29448931 PMCID: PMC5815247 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2125-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The thyroid gland is one of the largest endocrine glands in the body. The vast majority of TCs (> 90%) originate from follicular cells and are defined as differentiated thyroid cancers (DTC) and the two histological subtypes are the papillary TC with its variants and the follicular TC. Curcumin possesses a wide variety of biological functions, and thanks to its properties, it has gained considerable attention due to its profound medicinal values (Prasad, Gupta, Tyagi, and Aggarwal, Biotechnol Adv 32:1053-1064, 2014). We have undertaken the present work in order to define the possible role of curcumin in modulating the genetic expression of cell markers and to understand the effectiveness of this nutraceutical in modulating the regression of cancer phenotype. METHODS As a template we used the TPC-1 cells treated with the different extracts of turmeric, and examined the levels of expression of different markers (proliferative, inflammatory, antioxidant, apoptotic). RESULTS Treatment with the three different curcumin extracts displays anti-inflammatory, antioxidant properties and it is able to influence cell cycle with slightly different effects upon the extracts. Furthermore curcumin is able to influence cell metabolic activity vitality. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion curcumin has the potential to be developed as a safe therapeutic but further studies are needed to verify its antitumor ability in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Perna
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio De Luca
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Adelfi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, and Unit of Dietetic and Sport Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Tammaro Pasquale
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, and Unit of Dietetic and Sport Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Bruno Varriale
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Molecular Genetics Laboratory, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - Teresa Esposito
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, and Unit of Dietetic and Sport Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138, Naples, Italy
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10
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Wu CC, Lin JD, Chen JT, Chang CM, Weng HF, Hsueh C, Chien HP, Yu JS. Integrated analysis of fine-needle-aspiration cystic fluid proteome, cancer cell secretome, and public transcriptome datasets for papillary thyroid cancer biomarker discovery. Oncotarget 2018; 9:12079-12100. [PMID: 29552294 PMCID: PMC5844730 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid ultrasound and ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (USG/FNA) biopsy are currently used for diagnosing papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), but their detection limit could be improved by combining other biomarkers. To discover novel PTC biomarkers, we herein applied a GeLC-MS/MS strategy to analyze the proteome profiles of serum-abundant-protein-depleted FNA cystic fluid from benign and PTC patients, as well as two PTC cell line secretomes. From them, we identified 346, 488, and 2105 proteins, respectively. Comparative analysis revealed that 191 proteins were detected in the PTC but not the benign cystic fluid samples, and thus may represent potential PTC biomarkers. Among these proteins, 101 were detected in the PTC cell line secretomes, and seven of them (NPC2, CTSC, AGRN, GPNMB, DPP4, ERAP2, and SH3BGRL3) were reported in public PTC transcriptome datasets as having 4681 elevated mRNA expression in PTC. Immunoblot analysis confirmed the elevated expression levels of five proteins (NPC2, CTSC, GPNMB, DPP4, and ERAP2) in PTC versus benign cystic fluids. Immunohistochemical studies from near 100 pairs of PTC tissue and their adjacent non-tumor counterparts further showed that AGRN (n = 98), CTSC (n = 99), ERAP2 (n = 98) and GPNMB (n = 100) were significantly (p < 0.05) overexpressed in PTC and higher expression levels of AGRN and CTSC were also significantly associated with metastasis and poor prognosis of PTC patients. Collectively, our results indicate that an integrated analysis of FNA cystic fluid proteome, cancer cell secretome and tissue transcriptome datasets represents a useful strategy for efficiently discovering novel PTC biomarker candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chun Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Der Lin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Ting Chen
- Department of Surgery, Department of Medical Research and Development Linkou Branch, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Min Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Fen Weng
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chuen Hsueh
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ping Chien
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Song Yu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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11
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Papaleo E, Gromova I, Gromov P. Gaining insights into cancer biology through exploration of the cancer secretome using proteomic and bioinformatic tools. Expert Rev Proteomics 2017; 14:1021-1035. [PMID: 28967788 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2017.1387053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tumor-associated proteins released by cancer cells and by tumor stroma cells, referred as 'cancer secretome', represent a valuable resource for discovery of potential cancer biomarkers. The last decade was marked by a great increase in number of studies focused on various aspects of cancer secretome including, composition and identification of components externalized by malignant cells and by the components of tumor microenvironment. Areas covered: Here, we provide an overview of achievements in the proteomic analysis of the cancer secretome, elicited through the tumor-associated interstitial fluid recovered from malignant tissues ex vivo or the protein component of conditioned media obtained from cultured cancer cells in vitro. We summarize various bioinformatic tools and approaches and critically appraise their outcomes, focusing on problems and challenges that arise when applied for the analysis of cancer secretomic databases. Expert commentary: Recent achievements in the omics- analysis of structural and metabolic aspects of altered cancer secretome contribute greatly to the various hallmarks of cancer including the identification of clinically significant biomarkers and potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Papaleo
- a Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Computational Biology Laboratory , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Irina Gromova
- b Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Genome Integrity Unit, Breast Cancer Biology Group , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Pavel Gromov
- b Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Genome Integrity Unit, Breast Cancer Biology Group , Copenhagen , Denmark
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12
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Hsiao YC, Chu LJ, Chen JT, Yeh TS, Yu JS. Proteomic profiling of the cancer cell secretome: informing clinical research. Expert Rev Proteomics 2017; 14:737-756. [PMID: 28695748 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2017.1353913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer represents one of the major causes of human deaths. Identification of proteins as biomarkers for early detection of cancer and therapeutic targets for cancer treatment are important issues in precision medicine. Secretome of cancer cells represents the collection of proteins secreted or shed from cancer cells. Proteomic profiling of the cancer cell secretome has been proven to be a convenient and efficient way to discover cancer biomarker and/or therapeutic targets. Areas covered: There have been numerous reviews describing the history and application of secretome analysis in cancer biomarker/therapeutic target research. The present review focuses on the technological advancement for profiling low-molecular-mass proteins in secretome, the latest information regarding the new candidate biomarkers and molecular mechanisms discovered on the basis of cancer cell secretome analysis, as well as the previously discovered candidate biomarkers that enter into clinical trials. Expert commentary: Current technologies for protein sample preparation/separation and MS-based protein identification have allowed in-depth analysis of cancer cell secretome. Future efforts should focus on the comprehensiveness of cancer cell secretome, meta-analysis of different secretome datasets and integrated analysis via combining other omics datasets, as well as the incorporation of MS-based biomarker verification pipeline into both preclinical studies and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chin Hsiao
- a Molecular Medicine Research Center , Chang Gung University , Taoyuan , Taiwan.,b Liver Research Center , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou , Taoyuan , Taiwan
| | - Lichieh Julie Chu
- a Molecular Medicine Research Center , Chang Gung University , Taoyuan , Taiwan.,b Liver Research Center , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou , Taoyuan , Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Ting Chen
- c Department of Surgery , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou , Taoyuan , Taiwan
| | - Ta-Sen Yeh
- c Department of Surgery , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou , Taoyuan , Taiwan
| | - Jau-Song Yu
- a Molecular Medicine Research Center , Chang Gung University , Taoyuan , Taiwan.,b Liver Research Center , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou , Taoyuan , Taiwan.,d Department of Cell and Molecular Biology , College of Medicine, Chang Gung University , Taoyuan , Taiwan
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13
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Prothymosin Alpha and Immune Responses: Are We Close to Potential Clinical Applications? VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2016; 102:179-207. [PMID: 27450735 PMCID: PMC7126549 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The thymus gland produces soluble molecules, which mediate significant immune functions. The first biologically active thymic extract was thymosin fraction V, the fractionation of which led to the isolation of a series of immunoactive polypeptides, including prothymosin alpha (proTα). ProTα displays a dual role, intracellularly as a survival and proliferation mediator and extracellularly as a biological response modifier. Accordingly, inside the cell, proTα is implicated in crucial intracellular circuits and may serve as a surrogate tumor biomarker, but when found outside the cell, it could be used as a therapeutic agent for treating immune system deficiencies. In fact, proTα possesses pleiotropic adjuvant activity and a series of immunomodulatory effects (eg, anticancer, antiviral, neuroprotective, cardioprotective). Moreover, several reports suggest that the variable activity of proTα might be exerted through different parts of the molecule. We first reported that the main immunoactive region of proTα is the carboxy-terminal decapeptide proTα(100-109). In conjunction with data from others, we also revealed that proTα and proTα(100-109) signal through Toll-like receptor 4. Although their precise molecular mechanism of action is yet not fully elucidated, proTα and proTα(100-109) are viewed as candidate adjuvants for cancer immunotherapy. Here, we present a historical overview on the discovery and isolation of thymosins with emphasis on proTα and data on some immune-related new activities of the polypeptide and smaller immunostimulatory peptides thereof. Finally, we propose a compiled scenario on proTα's mode of action, which could eventually contribute to its clinical application.
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14
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Ralhan R, Veyhl J, Chaker S, Assi J, Alyass A, Jeganathan A, Somasundaram RT, MacMillan C, Freeman J, Vescan AD, Witterick IJ, Walfish PG. Immunohistochemical Subcellular Localization of Protein Biomarkers Distinguishes Benign from Malignant Thyroid Nodules: Potential for Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Clinical Application. Thyroid 2015; 25:1224-34. [PMID: 26131603 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2015.0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is of critical clinical importance to select accurately for surgery thyroid nodules at risk for malignancy and avoid surgery on those that are benign. Using alterations in subcellular localization for seven putative biomarker proteins (identified by proteomics), this study aimed to define a specific combination of proteins in surgical tissues that could distinguish benign from malignant nodules to assist in future surgical selection by fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). METHODS Immunohistochemical subcellular localization (IHC) analyses of seven proteins were retrospectively performed on surgical tissues (115 benign nodules and 114 papillary-based thyroid carcinomas [TC]), and a risk model biomarker panel was developed and validated. The biomarker panel efficacy was verified in 50 FNAB formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded cell blocks, and 26 cytosmears were prepared from fresh surgically resected thyroid nodules. RESULTS Selection modeling using these proteins resulted in nuclear phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) loss and nuclear Galectin-3 overexpression as the best combination for distinguishing TC from benign nodules (area under the curve [AUC] 0.96 and 0.95 in test and validation sets, respectively). A computed malignancy score also accurately identified TC in benign and indeterminate nodules (test and validation sets: AUC 0.94, 0.90; specificity 98%, 99%). Its efficacy was confirmed in surgical FNAB cell blocks and cytosmears. CONCLUSION Using surgical tissues, it was observed that a combination of PGK1 and Galectin-3 had high efficiency for distinguishing benign from malignant thyroid nodules and could improve surgical selection for TC among indeterminate nodules. Further validation in prospective preoperative FNAB will be required to confirm such a clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranju Ralhan
- 1 Alex and Simona Shnaider Research Laboratory in Molecular Oncology, Mount Sinai Hospital , Toronto, Canada
- 2 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital , Toronto, Canada
- 3 Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto , Toronto, Canada
- 4 Joseph and Mildred Sonshine Family Centre for Head and Neck Diseases, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Program, Mount Sinai Hospital , Toronto, Canada
- 5 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital , Toronto, Canada
- 6 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto , Toronto, Canada
| | - Joe Veyhl
- 1 Alex and Simona Shnaider Research Laboratory in Molecular Oncology, Mount Sinai Hospital , Toronto, Canada
| | - Seham Chaker
- 1 Alex and Simona Shnaider Research Laboratory in Molecular Oncology, Mount Sinai Hospital , Toronto, Canada
| | - Jasmeet Assi
- 1 Alex and Simona Shnaider Research Laboratory in Molecular Oncology, Mount Sinai Hospital , Toronto, Canada
| | - Akram Alyass
- 1 Alex and Simona Shnaider Research Laboratory in Molecular Oncology, Mount Sinai Hospital , Toronto, Canada
| | - Ajitha Jeganathan
- 1 Alex and Simona Shnaider Research Laboratory in Molecular Oncology, Mount Sinai Hospital , Toronto, Canada
| | - Raj Thani Somasundaram
- 1 Alex and Simona Shnaider Research Laboratory in Molecular Oncology, Mount Sinai Hospital , Toronto, Canada
| | - Christina MacMillan
- 2 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital , Toronto, Canada
- 3 Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto , Toronto, Canada
| | - Jeremy Freeman
- 4 Joseph and Mildred Sonshine Family Centre for Head and Neck Diseases, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Program, Mount Sinai Hospital , Toronto, Canada
- 5 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital , Toronto, Canada
- 6 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto , Toronto, Canada
| | - Allan D Vescan
- 4 Joseph and Mildred Sonshine Family Centre for Head and Neck Diseases, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Program, Mount Sinai Hospital , Toronto, Canada
- 5 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital , Toronto, Canada
- 6 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto , Toronto, Canada
| | - Ian J Witterick
- 4 Joseph and Mildred Sonshine Family Centre for Head and Neck Diseases, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Program, Mount Sinai Hospital , Toronto, Canada
- 5 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital , Toronto, Canada
- 6 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto , Toronto, Canada
| | - Paul G Walfish
- 1 Alex and Simona Shnaider Research Laboratory in Molecular Oncology, Mount Sinai Hospital , Toronto, Canada
- 2 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital , Toronto, Canada
- 3 Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto , Toronto, Canada
- 4 Joseph and Mildred Sonshine Family Centre for Head and Neck Diseases, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Program, Mount Sinai Hospital , Toronto, Canada
- 7 Department of Medicine, Endocrine Division, Mount Sinai Hospital , Toronto, Canada
- 8 Department of Medicine, University of Toronto Medical School , Toronto, Canada
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15
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Zhan P, Wang Y, Zhao S, Liu C, Wang Y, Wen M, Mao JH, Wei G, Zhang P. FBXW7 negatively regulates ENO1 expression and function in colorectal cancer. J Transl Med 2015; 95:995-1004. [PMID: 26097998 PMCID: PMC4552619 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2015.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
FBXW7 (F-box and WD40 domain protein 7) is a tumor suppressor frequently inactivated in human cancers. The precise molecular mechanisms by which FBXW7 exerts antitumor activity remain under intensive investigation and are thought to relate in part to FBXW7-mediated destruction of key cancer-relevant proteins. Enolase 1 (ENO1) possesses oncogenic activity and is often overexpressed in various human cancers, besides its critical role in glycolysis. However, the detailed regulatory mechanisms of ENO1 expression remain unclear. Here we show that the elevated expression of ENO1 was identified in FBXW7-depletion HCT116 cells through two-dimensional protein electrophoresis and mass spectrometry assays (2DE-MS). Subsequent western blotting and immunohistochemical assays confirmed that ENO1 expression reversely correlates with FBXW7 expression in several cells and colon cancer tissues. Furthermore, we show that FBXW7 physically binds to ENO1 and targets ENO1 for ubiquitin-mediated degradation. Functionally, we found that FBXW7 suppresses the ENO1-induced gene expression, lactate production, cell proliferation and migration. These findings suggest that ENO1 is a novel substrate of FBXW7, and its activity can be negatively regulated by FBXW7 at the posttranslational level. Our work provides a novel molecular insight into FBXW7-directed tumor suppression through regulation of ENO1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Zhan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yuli Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Shandong University School of Medicine, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Shihu Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yunshan Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Shandong University School of Medicine, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Mingxin Wen
- Department of Anatomy and Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Shandong University School of Medicine, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Hua Mao
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Guangwei Wei
- Department of Anatomy and Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education, Shandong University School of Medicine, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Pengju Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Shandong, P.R. China
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16
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Fuzio P, Napoli A, Ciampolillo A, Lattarulo S, Pezzolla A, Nuzziello N, Liuni S, Giorgino F, Maiorano E, Perlino E. Clusterin transcript variants expression in thyroid tumor: a potential marker of malignancy? BMC Cancer 2015; 15:349. [PMID: 25934174 PMCID: PMC4422431 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1348-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clusterin (CLU) is a ubiquitous multifunctional factor involved in neoplastic transformation. The CLU transcript variants and protein forms play a crucial role in balancing cells proliferation and death. METHODS We investigated the regulation of CLU transcript variants expression in an in vivo model system consisting of both neoplastic tissues and fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) samples isolated from patients undergoing thyroidectomy. RESULTS The immunohistochemical analyses showed an overall CLU up-regulation in papillary carcinoma. A specific CLU2 transcript variant increase was registered using qPCR in papillary carcinomas while CLU1 decreased. In addition, the analysis of CLU transcripts expression level showed an increase of the CLU2 transcript in the TIR 3 patients with histologically confirmed thyroid cancer. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest the existence of a specific alteration of CLU2:CLU1 ratio towards CLU2, thus providing the first circumstantial evidence for the potential use of CLU transcript variants as effective biomarkers for a more accurate assessment of the so called "indeterminate" thyroid nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Fuzio
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (CNR), Via G. Amendola, 122/D, 70126, Bari, Italy.
| | - Anna Napoli
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Pathological Anatomy, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - Anna Ciampolillo
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Endocrinology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - Serafina Lattarulo
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Endocrinology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - Angela Pezzolla
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Endocrinology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - Nicoletta Nuzziello
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (CNR), Via G. Amendola, 122/D, 70126, Bari, Italy.
| | - Sabino Liuni
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (CNR), Via G. Amendola, 122/D, 70126, Bari, Italy.
| | - Francesco Giorgino
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Endocrinology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - Eugenio Maiorano
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Pathological Anatomy, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - Elda Perlino
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (CNR), Via G. Amendola, 122/D, 70126, Bari, Italy.
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Lin YT, Lu HP, Chao CCK. Oncogenic c-Myc and prothymosin-alpha protect hepatocellular carcinoma cells against sorafenib-induced apoptosis. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 93:110-24. [PMID: 25451688 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Prothymosin alpha (PTMA) is overexpressed in various human tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The significance of PTMA overexpression and its underlying mechanism remain unclear. We show here that silencing PTMA sensitizes HCC cells to the kinase inhibitor sorafenib. In contrast, ectopic expression of PTMA induces cell resistance to the drug. While inhibitors targeting JNK, ERK or PI3K reduce PTMA expression, only ERK activation is suppressed by sorafenib. In addition, inhibition of ERK produces a dramatic decrease in both endogenous PTMA level and promoter activation. Ectopic expression of active MKK1/2 considerably induces PTMA expression. We also identify a sorafenib-responsive segment lying 1000-1500-bp upstream of the PTMA transcription start site and observe that it is controlled by c-Myc and ERK. Mutation in the PTMA promoter at the predicted c-Myc binding site and silencing of c-Myc both abrogate sorafenib's effect on PTMA transcription. We also find that silencing PTMA potentiates Bax translocation to mitochondria in response to sorafenib and this is associated with increased cytochrome c release from mitochondria and enhanced caspase-9 activation. These results indicate that PTMA is positively regulated by the oncoprotein c-Myc and protects HCC cells against sorafenib-induced cell death, thus identifying PTMA as a new target for chemotherapy against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Te Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsing-Pang Lu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chuck C-K Chao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, Republic of China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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18
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Ory C, Ugolin N, Hofman P, Schlumberger M, Likhtarev IA, Chevillard S. Comparison of transcriptomic signature of post-Chernobyl and postradiotherapy thyroid tumors. Thyroid 2013; 23:1390-400. [PMID: 23521174 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2012.0318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously identified two highly discriminating and predictive radiation-induced transcriptomic signatures by comparing series of sporadic and postradiotherapy thyroid tumors (322-gene signature), and by reanalyzing a previously published data set of sporadic and post-Chernobyl thyroid tumors (106-gene signature). The aim of the present work was (i) to compare the two signatures in terms of gene expression deregulations and molecular features/pathways, and (ii) to test the capacity of the postradiotherapy signature in classifying the post-Chernobyl series of tumors and reciprocally of the post-Chernobyl signature in classifying the postradiotherapy-induced tumors. METHODS We now explored if postradiotherapy and post-Chernobyl papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) display common molecular features by comparing molecular pathways deregulated in the two tumor series, and tested the potential of gene subsets of the postradiotherapy signature to classify the post-Chernobyl series (14 sporadic and 12 post-Chernobyl PTC), and reciprocally of gene subsets of the post-Chernobyl signature to classify the postradiotherapy series (15 sporadic and 12 postradiotherapy PTC), by using conventional principal component analysis. RESULTS We found that the five genes common to the two signatures classified the learning/training tumors (used to search these signatures) of both the postradiotherapy (seven PTC) and the post-Chernobyl (six PTC) thyroid tumor series as compared with the sporadic tumors (seven sporadic PTC in each series). Importantly, these five genes were also effective for classifying independent series of postradiotherapy (five PTC) and post-Chernobyl (six PTC) tumors compared to independent series of sporadic tumors (eight PTC and six PTC respectively; testing tumors). Moreover, part of each postradiotherapy (32 genes) and post-Chernobyl signature (16 genes) cross-classified the respective series of thyroid tumors. Finally, several molecular pathways deregulated in post-Chernobyl tumors matched those found to be deregulated in postradiotherapy tumors. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our data suggest that thyroid tumors that developed following either external exposure or internal (131)I contamination shared common molecular features, related to DNA repair, oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stresses, allowing their classification as radiation-induced tumors in comparison with sporadic counterparts, independently of doses and dose rates, which suggests there may be a "general" radiation-induced signature of thyroid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Ory
- 1 Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Radiation Biology (IRCM), Directorate of Life Sciences (DSV), Commission for Atomic Energy and Alternative Energies (CEA), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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Imperlini E, Colavita I, Caterino M, Mirabelli P, Pagnozzi D, Vecchio LD, Noto RD, Ruoppolo M, Orrù S. The secretome signature of colon cancer cell lines. J Cell Biochem 2013; 114:2577-87. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Chaker S, Kashat L, Voisin S, Kaur J, Kak I, MacMillan C, Ozcelik H, Michael Siu KW, Ralhan R, Walfish PG. Secretome proteins as candidate biomarkers for aggressive thyroid carcinomas. Proteomics 2013; 13:771-87. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seham Chaker
- Alex and Simona Shnaider Laboratory in Molecular Oncology; Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute; Mount Sinai Hospital; Toronto ON Canada
- Institute of Medical Science; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | - Lawrence Kashat
- Alex and Simona Shnaider Laboratory in Molecular Oncology; Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute; Mount Sinai Hospital; Toronto ON Canada
| | - Sebastien Voisin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry; York University; Toronto ON Canada
| | - Jatinder Kaur
- Alex and Simona Shnaider Laboratory in Molecular Oncology; Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute; Mount Sinai Hospital; Toronto ON Canada
| | - Ipshita Kak
- Alex and Simona Shnaider Laboratory in Molecular Oncology; Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute; Mount Sinai Hospital; Toronto ON Canada
| | - Christina MacMillan
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine; Mount Sinai Hospital; Toronto ON Canada
| | - Hilmi Ozcelik
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute; Mount Sinai Hospital L6-303; Toronto ON Canada
| | - K. W. Michael Siu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry; York University; Toronto ON Canada
| | - Ranju Ralhan
- Alex and Simona Shnaider Laboratory in Molecular Oncology; Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute; Mount Sinai Hospital; Toronto ON Canada
- Institute of Medical Science; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine; Mount Sinai Hospital; Toronto ON Canada
- Joseph and Mildred Sonshine Family Centre for Head and Neck Diseases; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Program; Mount Sinai Hospital; Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
| | - Paul G. Walfish
- Alex and Simona Shnaider Laboratory in Molecular Oncology; Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute; Mount Sinai Hospital; Toronto ON Canada
- Institute of Medical Science; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine; Mount Sinai Hospital; Toronto ON Canada
- Joseph and Mildred Sonshine Family Centre for Head and Neck Diseases; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Program; Mount Sinai Hospital; Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Medicine; Endocrine Division; Mount Sinai Hospital and University of Toronto Medical School; Toronto ON Canada. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
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Makki FM, Taylor SM, Shahnavaz A, Leslie A, Gallant J, Douglas S, Teh E, Trites J, Bullock M, Inglis K, Pinto DM, Hart RD. Serum biomarkers of papillary thyroid cancer. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2013; 42:16. [PMID: 23663694 PMCID: PMC3651213 DOI: 10.1186/1916-0216-42-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To identify serum biomarkers of papillary thyroid cancer. Methods Prospective analysis was performed of banked tumor and serum specimens from 99 patients with thyroid masses. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to measure levels of five serum proteins previously demonstrated to be up-regulated in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC): angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), cytokeratin 19 (CK-19), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), chitinase 3 like-1 (YKL-40), and galectin-3 (GAL-3). Serum levels were compared between patients with PTC and those with benign tumors. Results A total of 99 patients were enrolled in the study (27 men, 72 women), with a median age of 54 years. Forty-three patients had PTC and 58 cases were benign tumors. There were no statistically significant differences when comparing all five different biomarkers between PTC and other benign thyroid tumors. The p-values were 0.94, 0.48, 0.72, 0.48, and 0.90 for YKL-40, Gal-3, CK19, TIMP-1, and Ang-1, respectively. Conclusion Serum levels of four of the five proteins were elevated in patients with thyroid masses relative to normal values. However, the difference between benign and PTC was not significant. Two of the markers (Gal-3 & TIMP-1) displayed a greater potential difference, which may warrant further investigation. This study suggests that other serum markers should be sought. This is the first study to investigate potential serum biomarkers based on over-expressed proteins in thyroid cancer versus benign pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawaz M Makki
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre and Dalhousie University, 1278 Tower Rd,, B3H 2Y9, Halifax, N, S,, Canada.
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Brown KJ, Formolo CA, Seol H, Marathi RL, Duguez S, An E, Pillai D, Nazarian J, Rood BR, Hathout Y. Advances in the proteomic investigation of the cell secretome. Expert Rev Proteomics 2013; 9:337-45. [PMID: 22809211 DOI: 10.1586/epr.12.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Studies of the cell secretome have greatly increased in recent years owing to improvements in proteomic platforms, mass spectrometry instrumentation and to the increased interaction between analytical chemists, biologists and clinicians. Several secretome studies have been implemented in different areas of research, leading to the generation of a valuable secretome catalogs. Secreted proteins continue to be an important source of biomarkers and therapeutic target discovery and are equally valuable in the field of microbiology. Several discoveries have been achieved in vitro using cell culture systems, ex vivo using human tissue specimens and in vivo using animal models. In this review, some of the most recent advances in secretome studies and the fields that have benefited the most from this evolving technology are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy J Brown
- Children's National Medical Center, Center for Genetic Medicine Research, 111 Michigan Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA
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Abstract
Most biological processes including growth, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis are coordinated by tightly regulated signaling pathways, which also involve secreted proteins acting in an autocrine and/or paracrine manner. In addition, extracellular signaling molecules affect local niche biology and influence the cross-talking with the surrounding tissues. The understanding of this molecular language may provide an integrated and broader view of cellular regulatory networks under physiological and pathological conditions. In this context, the profiling at a global level of cell secretomes (i.e., the subpopulations of a proteome secreted from the cell) has become an active area of research. The current interest in secretome research also deals with its high potential for the biomarker discovery and the identification of new targets for therapeutic strategies. Several proteomic and mass spectrometry platforms and methodologies have been applied to secretome profiling of conditioned media of cultured cell lines and primary cells. Nevertheless, the analysis of secreted proteins is still a very challenging task, because of the technical difficulties that may hamper the subsequent mass spectrometry analysis. This chapter describes a typical workflow for the analysis of proteins secreted by cultured cells. Crucial issues related to cell culture conditions for the collection of conditioned media, secretome preparation, and mass spectrometry analysis are discussed. Furthermore, an overview of quantitative LC-MS-based approaches, computational tools for data analysis, and strategies for validation of potential secretome biomarkers is also presented.
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Ueda H, Matsunaga H, Halder SK. Prothymosin α plays multifunctional cell robustness roles in genomic, epigenetic, and nongenomic mechanisms. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2012; 1269:34-43. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06675.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Sharma N, Martin A, McCabe CJ. Mining the proteome: the application of tandem mass spectrometry to endocrine cancer research. Endocr Relat Cancer 2012; 19:R149-61. [PMID: 22555494 DOI: 10.1530/erc-12-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) permits the detection of femtomolar quantities of protein from a wide variety of tissue sources. As endocrine cancers are frequently aetiologically complex, they are particularly amenable to mass spectrometry. The most widely studied aspect is the search for novel reliable biomarkers that would allow cancers to be diagnosed earlier and distinguished from benign tumours. MS/MS allows for the rapid analysis of blood and urine in addition to tumour tissue, and in this regard it has been applied on research involving thyroid, pancreatic, adrenal and ovarian cancers with varying degrees of success, as well as additional organ sites including breast and lung. The description of an individual cancer proteome potentially allows for personalized management of each patient, avoiding unnecessary therapies and targeting treatments to those which will have the most effect. The application of MS/MS to interaction proteomics is a field that has generated recent novel targets for chemotherapy. However, the technology involved in MS/MS has a number of drawbacks that at present prevent its widespread use in translational cancer research, including a poor reproducibility of results, in part due to the large amount of data generated and the inability to accurately differentiate true from false-positive results. Further, the current cost of running MS/MS restricts the number of times the experiments can be repeated, contributing to the lack of significance and concordance between studies. Despite these problems, however, MS/MS is emerging as a front line tool in endocrine cancer research and it is likely that this will continue over the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Sharma
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Institute for Biomedical Research and School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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So AKC, Kaur J, Kak I, Assi J, MacMillan C, Ralhan R, Walfish PG. Biotinidase is a novel marker for papillary thyroid cancer aggressiveness. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40956. [PMID: 22911723 PMCID: PMC3402459 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biotinidase was identified in secretome analysis of thyroid cancer cell lines using proteomics. The goal of the current study was to analyze the expression of biotinidase in thyroid cancer tissues and fine needle aspiration (FNA) samples to evaluate its diagnostic and prognostic potential in thyroid cancer. Immunohistochemical analysis of biotinidase was carried out in 129 papillary thyroid cancer (PTC, 34 benign thyroid tissues and 43 FNA samples and correlated with patients' prognosis. Overall biotinidase expression was decreased in PTC compared to benign nodules (p = 0.001). Comparison of aggressive and non-aggressive PTC showed decrease in overall biotinidase expression in the former (p = 0.001). Loss of overall biotinidase expression was associated with poor disease free survival (p = 0.019, Hazards ratio (HR) = 3.1). We examined the effect of subcellular compartmentalization of nuclear and cytoplasmic biotinidase on patient survival. Decreased nuclear expression of biotinidase was observed in PTC as compared to benign tissues (p<0.001). Upon stratification within PTC, nuclear expression was reduced in aggressive as compared to non-aggressive tumors (p<0.001). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed significant association of loss of nuclear biotinidase expression with reduced disease free survival (p = 0.014, HR = 5.4). Cytoplasmic biotinidase expression was reduced in aggressive thyroid cancers in comparison with non-aggressive tumors (p = 0.002, Odds ratio (OR) = 0.29) which was evident by its significant association with advanced T stage (p = 0.003, OR = 0.28), nodal metastasis (p<0.001, OR = 0.16), advanced TNM stage (p<0.001, OR = 0.21) and extrathyroidal extension (p = 0.001, OR = 0.23). However, in multivariate analysis extrathyroidal extension emerged as the most significant prognostic marker for aggressive thyroid carcinomas (p = 0.015, HR = 12.8). In conclusion, loss of overall biotinidase expression is a novel marker for thyroid cancer aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony K.-C. So
- Alex and Simona Shnaider Laboratory in Molecular Oncology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Joseph & Wolf Lebovic Health Complex, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jatinder Kaur
- Alex and Simona Shnaider Laboratory in Molecular Oncology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Joseph & Wolf Lebovic Health Complex, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ipshita Kak
- Alex and Simona Shnaider Laboratory in Molecular Oncology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Joseph & Wolf Lebovic Health Complex, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jasmeet Assi
- Alex and Simona Shnaider Laboratory in Molecular Oncology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Joseph & Wolf Lebovic Health Complex, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christina MacMillan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Joseph & Wolf Lebovic Health Complex, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ranju Ralhan
- Alex and Simona Shnaider Laboratory in Molecular Oncology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Joseph & Wolf Lebovic Health Complex, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Joseph and Mildred Sonshine Family Centre for Head and Neck Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Joseph & Wolf Lebovic Health Complex, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail: (PGW); (RR)
| | - Paul G. Walfish
- Alex and Simona Shnaider Laboratory in Molecular Oncology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Joseph & Wolf Lebovic Health Complex, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Joseph and Mildred Sonshine Family Centre for Head and Neck Diseases, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Joseph & Wolf Lebovic Health Complex, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail: (PGW); (RR)
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Pietsch J, Sickmann A, Weber G, Bauer J, Egli M, Wildgruber R, Infanger M, Grimm D. Metabolic enzyme diversity in different human thyroid cell lines and their sensitivity to gravitational forces. Proteomics 2012; 12:2539-46. [PMID: 22707460 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Many cancer cells show unique protein expression patterns. We used proteome technology including MS, free flow isoelectric focusing and Western blotting to determine current concentrations of metabolic enzymes in healthy and malignant human thyroid cells. Three different types of human thyroid cells were investigated after they had been cultured under equal conditions. MS revealed high quantities of glycolytic enzymes and moderate quantities of citric acid cycle enzymes in malignant FTC-133 cells with abnormal LDH B-chains, high quantities of glycolytic enzymes and marginal quantities of citric acid cycle enzymes in normal HTU-5 cells, and low quantities of glycolytic enzymes and marginal quantities of citrate cycle enzymes in malignant CGTH-W1 cells with abnormal LDH A-chains. When an alteration of gene expression activity was challenged physically by removing gravity forces, the concentrations of various glycolytic enzymes were changed in normal and malignant thyroid cells. However, the changes varied among the different cell types. Different cellular alignment of the enzymes could be one reason for the cell type-specific behavior as demonstrated by histological analysis of alpha-enolase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Pietsch
- Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otte-von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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28
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Ralhan R. How will increasing our knowledge of the head and neck cancer cells' secretome benefit head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients? Expert Rev Proteomics 2012; 9:115-8. [PMID: 22462781 DOI: 10.1586/epr.12.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Ioannou K, Samara P, Livaniou E, Derhovanessian E, Tsitsilonis OE. Prothymosin alpha: a ubiquitous polypeptide with potential use in cancer diagnosis and therapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2012; 61:599-614. [PMID: 22366887 PMCID: PMC11029552 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-012-1222-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The thymus is a central lymphoid organ with crucial role in generating T cells and maintaining homeostasis of the immune system. More than 30 peptides, initially referred to as "thymic hormones," are produced by this gland. Although the majority of them have not been proven to be thymus-specific, thymic peptides comprise an effective group of regulators, mediating important immune functions. Thymosin fraction five (TFV) was the first thymic extract shown to stimulate lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation. Subsequent fractionation of TFV led to the isolation and characterization of a series of immunoactive peptides/polypeptides, members of the thymosin family. Extensive research on prothymosin α (proTα) and thymosin α1 (Tα1) showed that they are of clinical significance and potential medical use. They may serve as molecular markers for cancer prognosis and/or as therapeutic agents for treating immunodeficiencies, autoimmune diseases and malignancies. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying their effect are yet not fully elucidated, proTα and Tα1 could be considered as candidates for cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we will focus in principle on the eventual clinical utility of proTα, both as a tumor biomarker and in triggering anticancer immune responses. Considering the experience acquired via the use of Tα1 to treat cancer patients, we will also discuss potential approaches for the future introduction of proTα into the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki Ioannou
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Pinelopi Samara
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Livaniou
- Immunopeptide Chemistry Lab, Institute of Radioisotopes and Radiodiagnostic Products, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Patriarchou Gregoriou and Neapoleos, Aghia Paraskevi, 15310 Athens, Greece
| | - Evelyna Derhovanessian
- Tübingen Ageing and Tumour Immunology Group, Center for Medical Research, University of Tübingen Medical School, Waldhörnlestr. 22, 72072 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ourania E. Tsitsilonis
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15784 Athens, Greece
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Intracellular and extracellular cytokine-like functions of prothymosin α: implications for the development of immunotherapies. Future Med Chem 2012; 3:1199-208. [PMID: 21806381 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.11.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prothymosin α (ProTα) is a 12.5-kDa, highly acidic protein widely distributed in different cell types expressed intracellularly and extracellularly. ProTα does not contain a secretion-signal sequence and is released by a nonclassical secretory pathway with a cargo protein. New findings on the extracellular function of ProTα have yielded exciting insights into the cytokine-like functions of this host protein that stimulates type I interferon via Toll-like receptor 4. Here, we discuss the intracellular function of ProTα, how new findings of cytokine-like activities of ProTα aid our understanding of mechanisms that direct ProTα functions, and the potential application of these new insights to the development of immunotherapies.
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Oncol 2012; 24:109-14. [DOI: 10.1097/cco.0b013e32834f4ea3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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32
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Ralhan R, Masui O, Desouza LV, Matta A, Macha M, Siu KWM. Identification of proteins secreted by head and neck cancer cell lines using LC-MS/MS: Strategy for discovery of candidate serological biomarkers. Proteomics 2011; 11:2363-76. [PMID: 21598386 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201000186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2010] [Revised: 02/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In search of blood-based biomarkers that would enhance the ability to diagnose head and neck/oral squamous cell carcinoma (HNOSCC) in early stages or predict its prognosis, we analyzed the HNOSCC secretome (ensemble of proteins secreted and/or shed from the tumor cells) for potential biomarkers using proteomic technologies. LC-MS/MS was used to identify proteins in the conditioned media of four HNOSCC cell lines (SCC4, HSC2, SCC38, and AMOSIII); 140 unique proteins were identified on the basis of 5% global false discovery rate, 122 of which were secretory proteins, with 29 being previously reported to be overexpressed in HNOSCC in comparison to normal head and neck tissues. Of these, five proteins including α-enolase, peptidyl prolyl isomerase A/cyclophilin A, 14-3-3 ζ, heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein K, and 14-3-3 σ were detected in the sera of HNOSCC patients by Western blot analysis. Our study provides the evidence that analysis of head and neck cancer cells' secretome is a viable strategy for identifying candidate serological biomarkers for HNOSCC. In future, these biomarkers may be useful in predicting the likelihood of transformation of oral pre-malignant lesions, prognosis of HNOSCC patients and evaluate response to therapy using minimally invasive tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranju Ralhan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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