1
|
Niu C, Dong M, Niu Y. Lead toxicity and potential therapeutic effect of plant-derived polyphenols. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 114:154789. [PMID: 37004401 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to its unique physical and chemical properties, lead is still used worldwide in several applications, especially in industry. Both environmental and industrial lead exposures remain a public health problem in many developing and rapidly industrializing countries. Plant polyphenols are pleiotropic in their function and have historically made a major contribution to pharmacotherapy. PURPOSE To summarize available pre-clinical and limited clinical evidence on plant polyphenols as potential antidotes against lead poisoning and discuss toxic mechanisms of lead. METHOD A comprehensive search of peer-reviewed publications was performed from core collections of electronic databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. Articles written in English-language from inception until December 2022 were selected. RESULTS In this review, we review key toxic mechanisms of lead and its pathological effects on the neurological, reproductive, renal, cardiovascular, hematological, and hepatic systems. We focus on plant polyphenols against lead toxicity and involved mechanisms. Finally, we address scientific gaps and challenges associated with translating these promising preclinical discoveries into effective clinical therapies. CONCLUSION While preclinical evidence suggests that plant polyphenols exhibit bioprotective effects against lead toxicity, scant and equivocal clinical data highlight a need for clinical trials with those polyphenols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengu Niu
- Internal medicine residency program, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY 14621, USA
| | - Miaoxian Dong
- The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Yingcai Niu
- The Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mabood F, Hadi F, Jan AU, Ditta A, Islam Z, Siddiqui MH, Ali HM, Sabagh AEL. Assessment of Pb and Ni and potential health risks associated with the consumption of vegetables grown on the roadside soils in District Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:906. [PMID: 36253629 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10627-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Vegetables cultivated near roads absorb toxic metals from polluted soil, which enter the human body through the food chain and cause serious health problems to humans. The present study investigated the concentration of lead (Pb) and nickel (Ni) in soils and vegetables grown along the roadside of District Swat, Pakistan, and the health risks associated with the consumption of the tested vegetables. In results, Pb concentration was higher in plants located at the distance between 0-10 m away from the roadside than the WHO permissible limit. In such plants, Pb concentration was higher than Ni. Rumex dentatus contained the highest concentration of Pb (75.63 mg kg-1 DW) among the tested vegetables while Ni concentration (27.57 mg kg-1 DW) was highest in Trachyspermum ammi as compared to other plants. Concentration and accumulation of both the metals decreased in soil and plants with increasing distance from the road. Similarly, target hazard quotient values noted for Pb (up to 3.37) were greater than unity, which shows that there is a potential risk associated with the consumption of tested vegetables near the road. Moreover, the values of target cancer risk (up to 0.8413) were greater than 0.0001, which shows that there is a risk of cancer with the consumption of tested vegetables. In conclusion, the consumption of tested vegetables was very dangerous as it may lead to higher risks of cancer. Strict regulatory control is recommended on the cultivation of these vegetables along the roadside to avoid any contamination due to roadside exhaust.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fazal Mabood
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Malakand, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Hadi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Malakand, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Amin Ullah Jan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal Dir (U), 18000, Pakistan
| | - Allah Ditta
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal Dir (U), 18000, Pakistan.
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Ziaul Islam
- Department of Animal Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal Dir Upper, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Manzer H Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayssam M Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman E L Sabagh
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kafrelsheikh, Kafrelsheikh, 33516, Egypt
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Cukurova University, Adana, 01330, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang Z, Yu J, Xie J, Liu D, Fan Y, Ma H, Wang C, Hong Z. Improvement roles of zinc supplementation in low dose lead induced testicular damage and glycolytic inhibition in mice. Toxicology 2021; 462:152933. [PMID: 34508822 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a toxic metal that affects the male reproductive system. This study aimed to investigate the effects of zinc (Zn) intake between recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) and tolerable upper intake levels (ULs) in preventing male testis damage induced by low-dose Pb. Forty-five mice were randomly divided into control, Pb, and Pb + Zn groups. They were given distilled water ad libitum with 0, 200 mg/L Pb2+, or 15 mg/L Zn2+ mixed with 200 mg/L Pb2+ for 90 consecutive days. The Zn levels in the blood and testis of the Pb group were significantly lower than those of the control group. The Pb levels in the blood and testis of the Pb + Zn group were significantly lower than those of the Pb group. Additionally, a significant decrease in sperm density and viability, with a significant increase in sperm abnormality rate and DNA fragmentation index, was observed in the Pb group. Zn supplementation significantly improved the above sperm parameters. Moreover, Zn supplementation decreased low-dose Pb-induced lipid peroxidation and increased glutathione, total superoxide dismutase (SOD), and copper/Zn-SOD levels. Furthermore, Zn treatment improved glycolysis products and lactate transporters in Pb-treated mouse testes. Our findings suggest that Zn intake between RDAs and UL can act as a therapeutic agent in protecting against the reproductive impairments associated with Pb exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyu Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, PR China
| | - Jie Xie
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Duanya Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Yongsheng Fan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Haitao Ma
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Chunhong Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China.
| | - Zhidan Hong
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wani AL, Hammad Ahmad Shadab GG, Afzal M. Lead and zinc interactions - An influence of zinc over lead related toxic manifestations. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2021; 64:126702. [PMID: 33285442 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interaction between metals is known from earlier studies, in which one metal influences the absorption and functional role of other. Lead is known to cause debilitating effects in living organisms and also prevents several essential trace metals from functioning normally. METHODS The relevant literature using the key words lead toxicity, lead zinc interaction, zinc nutrition and the ability of zinc to act against lead has been reviewed. RESULTS Role of several nutrients in reducing the manifestations of toxic metals have been elucidated recently. Lead damages bio-membranes, causes cognitive disabilities and disturbs the normal process of DNA replication and transcription. Zinc on the other hand helps in proper maintenance of the cellular membranes and plays an important role as a metal cofactor in most of the proteins vital for membrane integrity. Zinc has essential role in cognitive functioning, zinc finger proteins and significantly neutralizes most toxic effects of lead. CONCLUSION Increased lead exposure and limited resources for tackling lead poisoning may cause an increased possibility of future environmental emergencies. Interactions between essential nutrient metals and non-essential toxic metals may act as important factor which can be used to target the metal toxicities. An assumption is made that the lead toxicity can be reduced by maintaining the status of essential trace metals like zinc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ab Latif Wani
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Toxicological Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - G G Hammad Ahmad Shadab
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Toxicological Laboratory, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Mohammad Afzal
- Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Environmental Impact on Male (In)Fertility via Epigenetic Route. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9082520. [PMID: 32764255 PMCID: PMC7463911 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last 40 years, male reproductive health-which is very sensitive to both environmental exposure and metabolic status-has deteriorated and the poor sperm quality observed has been suggested to affect offspring development and its health in adult life. In this scenario, evidence now suggests that epigenetics shapes endocrine functions, linking genetics and environment. During fertilization, spermatozoa share with the oocyte their epigenome, along with their haploid genome, in order to orchestrate embryo development. The epigenetic signature of spermatozoa is the result of a dynamic modulation of the epigenetic marks occurring, firstly, in the testis-during germ cell progression-then, along the epididymis, where spermatozoa still receive molecules, conveyed by epididymosomes. Paternal lifestyle, including nutrition and exposure to hazardous substances, alters the phenotype of the next generations, through the remodeling of a sperm epigenetic blueprint that dynamically reacts to a wide range of environmental and lifestyle stressors. With that in mind, this review will summarize and discuss insights into germline epigenetic plasticity caused by environmental stimuli and diet and how spermatozoa may be carriers of induced epimutations across generations through a mechanism known as paternal transgenerational epigenetic inheritance.
Collapse
|
6
|
Wijesekara GUS, Fernando DMS, Wijeratne S. The effects of Pb on sperm parameters and sperm DNA fragmentation of men investigated for infertility. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 31:/j/jbcpp.ahead-of-print/jbcpp-2019-0239/jbcpp-2019-0239.xml. [PMID: 32374284 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2019-0239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Lead (Pb) is one of the metals most prevalent in the environment and is known to cause infertility and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragmentation. This study aimed to determine the association between seminal plasma Pb and sperm DNA fragmentation in men investigated for infertility. Methods Male partners (n = 300) of couples investigated for infertility were recruited after informed consent was obtained. Sperm parameters were assessed according to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Seminal plasma Pb was estimated by atomic absorption spectrophotometry after digestion with nitric acid. Results In Pb-positive and -negative groups the sperm parameters and sperm DNA fragmentation were compared using independent sample t-test and the Mann-Whitney U-test, respectively. The mean [standard deviation (SD)] age and duration of infertility were 34.8 (5.34) years and 45.7 (35.09) months, respectively, and the mean Pb concentration was 15.7 μg/dL. In Pb positives compared to Pb negatives the means (SD) of sperm count, progressive motility viability and normal morphology were lower (p > 0.05) but the DNA fragmentation was significantly higher 39.80% (25.08) than Pb negatives 22.65% (11.30). Seminal plasma Pb concentration and sperm DNA fragmentation had a positive correlation (r = 0.38, p = 0.03). A negative correlation was observed between sperm DNA fragmentation and sperm concentration, progressive motility, total motility and viability. When the DNA fragmentation was ≥30% sperm concentration and viability decreased (p < 0.05). Conclusions Pb in seminal plasma had a significant effect on sperm DNA fragmentation but not with other sperm parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G U S Wijesekara
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka, Phone: +94718031173
| | - D M S Fernando
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - S Wijeratne
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Naderi N, Souri M, Nasr Esfahani MH, Hajian M, Tanhaei Vash N. Ferulago angulata extract ameliorates epididymal sperm toxicity in mice induced by lead and diazinon. Andrology 2020; 8:706-718. [PMID: 31747138 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential toxicity that results from environmental xenobiotics is not completely known. Increasing levels of heavy metals and the use of organophosphate pesticides (OPs) and their co-existence in the environment could be associated with an increasing incidence of male reproductive system disorders in humans and animals. Ferulago angulata is a dietary source of phenolic compounds with reported health benefits. OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to investigate whether an extract of Ferulago angulata could protect adult male NMRI mice against reproductive toxicity induced by lead acetate (PbAc), diazinon (DZN), or PbAc + DZN. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult male NMRI mice were exposed to either 0.5% PbAc in drinking water, DZN (3 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneal [i.p.] injection), or PbAc + DZN in the presence or absence of 400 mg/kg/day Ferulago angulata hydroalcoholic extract (FAE) that was administered via gavage for 6 weeks. RESULTS Chronic exposure to PbAc, DZN, and PbAc + DZN decreased sperm quality, sperm chromatin maturity and integrity, increased oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, and could reduce male fertility indices. Co-administration of FAE could reduce these negative effects. CONCLUSION The Ferulago angulata extract should be considered as a useful natural extract for the treatment of male infertility, especially in males exposed to conditions which induce reproductive toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nushin Naderi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Manouchehr Souri
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr Esfahani
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hajian
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nima Tanhaei Vash
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Godínez-Solís Y, Solís-Heredia MDJ, Roa-Espitia A, Parra-Forero LY, Hernández-González EO, Hernández-Ochoa I, Quintanilla-Vega B. Low concentrations of lead decrease the sperm fertilization ability by altering the acrosome reaction in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 380:114694. [PMID: 31356930 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) exposure at high concentrations is associated with poor sperm quality, acrosome alterations, and low fertilization rate. Sperm capacitation and the acrosome reaction (AR) are required for successful fertilization. Actin polymerization is crucial for correct capacitation, and small GTPases, such as RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42, are involved. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Pb on sperm fertilization ability, capacitation, AR, and the mechanisms involved in mice exposed to low Pb concentrations. CD1 mice were exposed to 0.01% Pb2+ for 45 days through their drinking water and their spermatozoa were collected from the cauda epididymis-vas deferens to evaluate the following: AR (oAR: initial, sAR: spontaneous, and iAR: induced) using the PNA-FITC assay, sperm capacitation (P-Tyr levels), actin polymerization (phalloidin-TRITC), MDA production (stress oxidative marker), the RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42 protein levels, and the in vitro fertilization (IVF). After the treatment, the blood Pb (PbB) concentration was 9.4 ± 1.6 μg/dL. Abnormal sperm morphology and the oAR increased (8 and 19%, respectively), whereas the iAR decreased (15%) after a calcium ionophore challenge, and the actin polymerization decreased in the sperm heads (59%) and tails (42%). Rac1 was the only Rho protein to significantly decrease (33%). Spermatozoa from the Pb-treated mice showed a significant reduction in the fertilization rate (19%). Our data suggest that Pb exposure at environmental concentrations (PbB < 10 μg/dL) decreases the acrosome function and affects the sperm fertilization ability; this is probably a consequence of the low Rac1 levels, which did not allow adequate actin polymerization to occur.
Collapse
|
9
|
Piscopo M, Notariale R, Rabbito D, Ausió J, Olanrewaju OS, Guerriero G. Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lamarck, 1819) spermatozoa: hsp70 expression and protamine-like protein property studies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:12957-12966. [PMID: 29478169 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1570-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we describe results of the reproductive health monitoring studies in Mytilus galloprovincialis following spermatozoa hsp70 expression and protamine-like protein properties. Mussels control (ctr) were released within cages for 30 days in three different marine sites near Naples (Campania, Italy): Bagnoli south (BAs) and Bagnoli north (BAn), both close to a disposal metallurgical factory and in Capo Miseno (CM). Studies of hsp70 gene expression carried out, by RT-qPCR, in mussel spermatozoa have shown varied expression levels, particularly 5, 13, and 15-fold more than ctr in CM, BAs, and BAn, respectively, indicating highest involvement of stress proteins in spermatozoa of mussels in Bagnoli. In order to evaluate the possible risk on Mytilus galloprovincialis sustainability loss, electrophoretic analyses were performed on protamine-like proteins (PL) of collected spermatozoa. The results showed that CM PL were apparently unaltered with respect to ctr PL, while BAs and BAn PL appeared in part in the form of peptides and in part as bands with low mobility. Further, CM and BAs PL showed, by electrophoretic mobility shift assay, a decrease in DNA binding ability and a change in their DNA binding mode. The results of this investigation show the usefulness of the study of alterations of spermatozoa hsp70 expression and protamine-like protein properties for eco-toxicological evaluation using Mytilus galloprovincialis as a bioindicator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Piscopo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy.
| | - Rosaria Notariale
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Dea Rabbito
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Juan Ausió
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | | | - Giulia Guerriero
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126, Naples, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center for Environment (I.R.C.Env.), Università degli Studi di Napoli, Federico II, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
de Souza ID, de Andrade AS, Dalmolin RJS. Lead-interacting proteins and their implication in lead poisoning. Crit Rev Toxicol 2018; 48:375-386. [DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2018.1429387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Iara Dantas de Souza
- Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment – IMD, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Abraão Silveira de Andrade
- Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment – IMD, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Juliani Siqueira Dalmolin
- Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment – IMD, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry – CB, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lack of beneficial effect of activated charcoal in lead induced testicular toxicity in male albino rats. MIDDLE EAST FERTILITY SOCIETY JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mefs.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
|
12
|
Cangelosi V, Ruckthong L, Pecoraro VL. Lead(II) Binding in Natural and Artificial Proteins. Met Ions Life Sci 2017; 17:/books/9783110434330/9783110434330-010/9783110434330-010.xml. [PMID: 28731303 PMCID: PMC5771651 DOI: 10.1515/9783110434330-010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This article describes recent attempts to understand the biological chemistry of lead using a synthetic biology approach. Lead binds to a variety of different biomolecules ranging from enzymes to regulatory and signaling proteins to bone matrix. We have focused on the interactions of this element in thiolate-rich sites that are found in metalloregulatory proteins such as Pbr, Znt, and CadC and in enzymes such as δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD). In these proteins, Pb(II) is often found as a homoleptic and hemidirectic Pb(II)(SR)3- complex. Using first principles of biophysics, we have developed relatively short peptides that can associate into three-stranded coiled coils (3SCCs), in which a cysteine group is incorporated into the hydrophobic core to generate a (cysteine)3 binding site. We describe how lead may be sequestered into these sites, the characteristic spectral features may be observed for such systems and we provide crystallographic insight on metal binding. The Pb(II)(SR)3- that is revealed within these α-helical assemblies forms a trigonal pyramidal structure (having an endo orientation) with distinct conformations than are also found in natural proteins (having an exo conformation). This structural insight, combined with 207Pb NMR spectroscopy, suggests that while Pb(II) prefers hemidirected Pb(II)(SR)3- scaffolds regardless of the protein fold, the way this is achieved within α-helical systems is different than in β-sheet or loop regions of proteins. These interactions between metal coordination preference and protein structural preference undoubtedly are exploited in natural systems to allow for protein conformation changes that define function. Thus, using a design approach that separates the numerous factors that lead to stable natural proteins allows us to extract fundamental concepts on how metals behave in biological systems.
Collapse
|
13
|
Vecoli C, Montano L, Andreassi MG. Environmental pollutants: genetic damage and epigenetic changes in male germ cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:23339-23348. [PMID: 27672044 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7728-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
About a quarter of the human diseases occurs for exposure to air pollution. The male reproductive system, and especially spermatogenesis, seems to be particularly sensitive. As result, male infertility is increasing in industrial countries becoming a top priority for public health. In addition to psychological distress and economic constraints, poorer semen quality may have trans-generational effects including congenital malformations in the offspring and predispose to later onset adult diseases. Genetic and epigenetic alterations are involved in the failure of spermatogenesis. In this paper, we reviewed the major evidences of the effects of air pollutants on male infertility as well as the role of sperm DNA damage and epigenetic changes in affecting spermatogenesis. A better knowledge on the effects of air contaminants on the molecular mechanisms leading to infertility is of huge importance to help clinicians in identifying the cause of infertility but above all, in defining preventive and therapeutic protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Vecoli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology-CNR, via G.Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Luigi Montano
- Andrology Unit of the "San Francesco d'Assisi" Hospital - ASL Salerno, EcoFoodFertility Project Coordination Unit, via M. Clemente, 84020, Oliveto Citra, SA, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ang HH, Lee KL, Kiyoshi M. Determination of Lead in Smilax luzonensis Herbal Preparations in Malaysia. Int J Toxicol 2016; 24:165-71. [PMID: 16040569 DOI: 10.1080/10915810590952942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The DCA (Drug Control Authority) of Malaysia implemented the phase 3 registration of traditional medicines on 1 January 1992. As such, a total of 100 products in various pharmaceutical dosage forms of a herbal preparation containing Smilax luzonensis, either single or combined preparations, were analyzed for the presence of lead, using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results showed that 14% of the above products possessed 10.02 to 21.21 ppm of lead, and, therefore, they failed to comply with the quality requirement for traditional medicines in Malaysia (<10 ppm). Although this study showed that 86% of the products complied with the quality requirement for traditional medicines in Malaysia pertaining to lead, they cannot be assumed safe from lead contamination because of batch-to-batch inconsistency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hooi-Hoon Ang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Science Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Anjum MR, Madhu P, Reddy KP, Reddy PS. The protective effects of zinc in lead-induced testicular and epididymal toxicity in Wistar rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2016; 33:265-276. [PMID: 27102426 DOI: 10.1177/0748233716637543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the beneficial effects of zinc (Zn) in preventing lead (Pb)-induced reproductive toxicity in Wistar rats. The rats were divided into four groups, namely, control group, Pb group, Zn group, and Pb + Zn group. Animals were exposed to Pb (819 mg of Pb/L) or Zn (71 mg of Zn/L) or both through drinking water for 65 days. Rats exposed to Pb showed decreased weights of testes and accessory sex organs. Significant decrease in the testicular daily sperm production, epididymal sperm count, motility, viability, and number of hypoosmotic tail coiled sperm was observed in Pb-exposed rats. Testicular 3β- and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity levels and circulatory testosterone levels were also decreased significantly in Pb-exposed rats. A significant increase in the lipid peroxidation products with a significant decrease in the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase were observed in the testes and epididymis of Pb-exposed rats. Moreover, the testicular architecture showed lumens devoid of sperm in Pb-exposed rats. Supplementation of Zn mitigated Pb-induced oxidative stress and restored the spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis in Pb-exposed rats. In conclusion, cotreatment of Zn is effective for recovering suppressed spermatogenesis, steroidogenesis, elevated oxidative status, and histological damage in the testis of rats treated with Pb.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Reshma Anjum
- 1 Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - P Madhu
- 1 Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India.,2 Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - K Pratap Reddy
- 1 Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India.,2 Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - P Sreenivasula Reddy
- 2 Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mohamed OI, El-Nahas AF, El-Sayed YS, Ashry KM. Ginger extract modulates Pb-induced hepatic oxidative stress and expression of antioxidant gene transcripts in rat liver. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:1164-72. [PMID: 26079851 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1057651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Spices and herbs are recognized sources of natural antioxidants that can protect from oxidative stress, thus play an important role in chemoprevention of liver diseases. Ginger is used worldwide primarily as a spicy condiment. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the ability of ginger extract (GE) to ameliorate oxidative-hepatic toxicity induced by lead acetate (PbAc) in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five groups of animals were used: group I kept as control; groups II, IV, and V received PbAc (1 ppm in drinking water daily for 6 weeks, and kept for an additional 2 weeks without PbAc exposure); group III treated orally with GE (350 mg/kg body weight, 4 d per week) for 6 weeks; group IV (protective) received GE for 2 weeks before and simultaneously with PbAc; and group V (treatment) received GE for 2 weeks after PbAc exposure. RESULTS GC-MS analysis of GE revealed its content of gingerol (7.09%), quercetin (3.20%), dl-limonene (0.96%), and zingiberene (0.18%). Treatment of PbAc-treated rats with GE has no effect on hepatic Pb concentrations. However, it maintained serum aspartate aminotransferase level, increased hepatic glutathione (157%), glutathione S-transferase (GST) (228%), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (138%) and catalase (CAT) (112%) levels, and reduced hepatic malondialdehyde (80%). Co-treatment of PbAc group with GE upregulated mRNA expression of antioxidant genes: GST-α1 (1.4-fold), GPx1 (1.8-fold), and CAT (8-fold), while post-treatment with GE upregulated only mRNA expression of GPx1 (1.5-fold). CONCLUSION GE has an antioxidant protective efficacy against PbAc-induced hepatotoxicity, which appears more effective than its therapeutic application. However, the changes in antioxidant gene expression were not reflected at the protein level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Abeer Fekry El-Nahas
- b Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Alexandria University , Edfina , Egypt , and
| | - Yasser Said El-Sayed
- c Department of Veterinary Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Damanhour University , Damanhour , Egypt
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Spermatogenesis in humans and its affecting factors. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 59:10-26. [PMID: 27143445 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is an extraordinary complex process. The differentiation of spermatogonia into spermatozoa requires the participation of several cell types, hormones, paracrine factors, genes and epigenetic regulators. Recent researches in animals and humans have furthered our understanding of the male gamete differentiation, and led to clinical tools for the better management of male infertility. There is still much to be learned about this intricate process. In this review, the critical steps of human spermatogenesis are discussed together with its main affecting factors.
Collapse
|
18
|
Lee KH, Chen HL, Leung CM, Chen HP, Hsu PC. Indium acetate toxicity in male reproductive system in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:68-76. [PMID: 25044390 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Indium, a rare earth metal characterized by high plasticity, corrosion resistance, and a low melting point, is widely used in the electronics industry, but has been reported to be an environmental pollutant and a health hazard. We designed a study to investigate the effects of subacute exposure of indium compounds on male reproductive function. Twelve-week old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into test and control groups, and received weekly intraperitoneal injections of indium acetate (1.5 mg/kg body weight) and normal saline, respectively, for 8 weeks. Serum indium levels, cauda epididymal sperm count, motility, morphology, chromatin DNA structure, mitochondrial membrane potential, oxidative stress, and testis DNA content were investigated. The indium acetate-treated group showed significant reproductive toxicity, as well as an increased percentage of sperm morphology abnormality, chromatin integrity damage, and superoxide anion generation. Furthermore, positive correlations among sperm morphology abnormalities, chromatin DNA damage, and superoxide anion generation were also noted. The results of this study demonstrated the toxic effect of subacute low-dose indium exposure during the period of sexual maturation on male reproductive function in adulthood, through an increase in oxidative stress and sperm chromatin DNA damage during spermiogenesis, in a rodent model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Hsin Lee
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 811, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 824, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Ling Chen
- Institute of Occupational Safety and Hazard Prevention, Hung Kuang University, Taichung, 43302, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Man Leung
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 811, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 813, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Pao Chen
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 811, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, E-DA Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 824, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chi Hsu
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 811, Taiwan
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW, 2308, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lee KH, Chen HP, Leung CM, Chen HL, Tsai SS, Hsu PC. Effects of indium chloride exposure on sperm morphology and DNA integrity in rats. J Food Drug Anal 2015; 23:152-160. [PMID: 28911439 PMCID: PMC9351750 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Hsin Lee
- Department of Safety, Health, and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan; Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Pao Chen
- Department of Safety, Health, and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Man Leung
- Department of Safety, Health, and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan; Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Ling Chen
- Institute of Occupational Safety and Hazard Prevention, Hung Kuang University, Taichung 43302, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Shyong Tsai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chi Hsu
- Department of Safety, Health, and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang H, Liu Y, Zhang R, Liu R, Chen Y. Binding mode investigations on the interaction of lead(II) acetate with human chorionic gonadotropin. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:9644-50. [PMID: 25096834 DOI: 10.1021/jp505565s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lead exposure could induce endocrine disruption and hormonal imbalance of humans, resulting in detrimental effects on the reproductive system even at low doses. However, mechanisms of lead actions remain unknown. This article investigated lead interactions with human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) as a conceivable mechanism of its reproductive toxicity by spectroscopic technique, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), molecular docking study, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Fluorescence measurements showed that lead acetate dynamically quenched intrinsic fluorescence of HCG through collisional mechanism with the association constant (KSV) in the magnitude of 10(3) L/mol at the detected temperatures (298, 303, and 310 K). ITC and molecular docking results revealed lead acetate could bind into 5 binding sites of HCG through electrostatic effects (ΔH < 0, ΔS > 0) and hydrophobic forces (ΔH > 0, ΔS > 0). The conformational investigation of HCG by UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and ELISA indicated lead acetate changed the secondary structure of HCG by loosening and destruction of HCG skeleton and increasing the hydrophobicity around Tyr residues and resulted in the decreased bioactivities of HCG. This work presents direct interactions of lead with sex hormones and obtains a possible mechanism on lead induced reproductive toxicity at the molecular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University , 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
SummaryExposure to lead may cause changes in the male reproductive system. We evaluated the effect of lead chloride (PbCl2) in vitro on semen quality from 31 individuals. Samples were incubated at room temperature for two exposure times (4 h and 8 h) and with two concentrations of PbCl2 (15 μg/ml or 30 μg/ml). Results showed that PbCl2 significantly inhibited rapid progressive motility and caused an increase in the percentage of tail anomalies in both times and concentrations assessed, as well as a decrease in vitality in the group exposed to 30 μg/ml PbCl2. A significant increase in immotile sperm was also observed between the group control and the groups submitted to lead. Total motility and DNA fragmentation also showed a significant decrease and increase, respectively, after 4 h of incubation in the group exposed to 30 μg/ml and in both groups after 8 h of incubation. In conclusion, PbCl2 affected sperm parameters and DNA integrity, which are essential for male fertility.
Collapse
|
22
|
Zakhidov ST, Pavlyuchenkova SM, Samoylov AV, Mudzhiri NM, Marshak TL, Rudoy VM, Dement’eva OV, Zelenina IA, Skuridin SG, Yevdokimov YM. Bovine sperm chromatin is not protected from the effects of ultrasmall gold nanoparticles. BIOL BULL+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359013060149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
23
|
Jenkins TG, Carrell DT. The sperm epigenome and potential implications for the developing embryo. Reproduction 2012; 143:727-34. [PMID: 22495887 DOI: 10.1530/rep-11-0450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent work in the field of male fertility has yielded significant increases in our understanding of the sperm epigenome and its potential role in embryonic development. These new findings have enabled a broad classification of a normal epigenetic state in the male gamete and have provided insight into the possible etiologies of some idiopathic male infertility cases. Histone retention and modification, protamine incorporation into the chromatin, DNA methylation, and spermatozoal RNA transcripts appear to play important roles in the epigenetic state of mature sperm. These epigenetic factors may reveal a historical record of spermatogenesis, portend future functions in embryogenesis, and help to elucidate mechanism of pluripotency. In contrast to the once held dogma regarding the importance of the paternal epigenome, the unique epigenetic landscape in sperm appears to serve more than the gamete itself and is likely influential in the developing embryo. In fact, growing evidence suggests that mature sperm provide appropriate epigenetic marks that drive specific genes toward activation and contribute to the pluripotent state of the embryonic cells. Although not definitive, the current literature provides evidence for the role of the sperm epigenome in the embryo. Future work must be focused on the characterization of epigenetic abnormalities commonly found in individuals with compromised fertility to further establish this role. Additionally, studies should target the effects of environment and aging on the sperm epigenetic program and subsequent fertility loss to determine the etiology of aberrant epigenetic profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy G Jenkins
- Andrology and IVF Laboratories, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, 675 Arapeen Drive, Suite 205, Salt Lake City,Utah 801-581-3740, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Disturbances of energetic metabolism in rat epididymal epithelial cells as a consequence of chronic lead intoxication. Biometals 2011; 22:877-87. [PMID: 19353276 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-009-9238-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2008] [Accepted: 03/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Adult male Wistar rats were intoxicated with 1% lead acetate (PbAc) administered in drinking water for nine months, which amounts to a period five times longer than the duration of one spermatogenesis. There were mitochondrial ultrastructure disorders of epididymal epithelial cells observed in PbAc-treated rats; also a significant lead-induced decrease in ATP concentration in epididymal epithelial cells (by 32%, P < 0.05), Adenylate Energy Charge value (AEC) (by 8%, P < 0.05) and an increase in ADP (28.5%, P < 0.05), AMP (27%, P < 0.05) and adenosine (by 56%, P < 0.05). The results were measured using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and detected even at low lead concentrations in whole blood (M:7.03 μg/dL; Q1-Q3: 2.99-7.65). The function of mitochondria in cultured epididymal epithelial cells of control and PbAc-treated animals were evaluated using fluorophores: Mitotracker Green FM and JC-1. After incubation with Mitotracker Green FM, we observed active mitochondria producing bright green fluorescence in the cytoplasm of cultured epididymal epithelial cells, both in the control group and the Pb-treated animals. Incubation of cultured epididymal epithelial cells of animals from both groups produced red-orange fluorescence with the mitochondrial JC-1 probe indicating mitochondria with high membrane potential (ΔΨm > 80-100 mV) and green fluorescence in the mitochondria with low membrane potential (ΔΨm < 80 mV). The results showed that a chronic low-level exposure to lead, even without severe clinical symptoms of contamination, disrupted the ultrastructure and energy metabolism of mitochondria in epididymal epithelial cells.
Collapse
|
25
|
Calogero AE, La Vignera S, Condorelli RA, Perdichizzi A, Valenti D, Asero P, Carbone U, Boggia B, De Rosa N, Lombardi G, D'Agata R, Vicari LO, Vicari E, De Rosa M. Environmental car exhaust pollution damages human sperm chromatin and DNA. J Endocrinol Invest 2011; 34:e139-43. [PMID: 20959722 DOI: 10.1007/bf03346722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The adverse role of traffic pollutants on male fertility is well known. Aim of this study was to evaluate their effects on sperm chromatin/DNA integrity. METHODS To accomplish this, 36 men working at motorway tollgates and 32 unexposed healthy men (controls) were enrolled. All of them were interviewed about their lifestyle. Hormone, semen samples, and environmental and biological markers of pollution were evaluated. Sperm chromatin and DNA integrity were evaluated by flow cytometry following propidium iodide staining and TUNEL assay, respectively. RESULTS LH, FSH, and testosterone serum levels were within the normal range in tollgate workers. Sperm concentration, total sperm count, total and progressive motility, and normal forms were significantly lower in these men compared with controls. Motorway tollgate workers had a significantly higher percentage of spermatozoa with damaged chromatin and DNA fragmentation, a late sign of apoptosis, compared with controls. A significant direct correlation was found between spermatozoa with damaged chromatin or fragmented DNA and the length of occupational exposure, suggesting a time-dependent relationship. CONCLUSION This study showed that car exhaust exposure has a genotoxic effect on human spermatozoa. This may be of relevant importance not only for the reproductive performance of the men exposed, but also for the offspring health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A E Calogero
- Section of Endocrinology, Andrology and Internal Medicine and Master in Andrological, Human Reproduction and Biotechnology Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine and Systemic Diseases, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
There is an urgent need to develop efficient and rapid strategies in order to characterize the potential health risks associated with nanomaterials, given the speed with which applications and uses are increasing. Use of standard toxicity methods will not be sufficient to meet this need. This article proposes the adoption of two novel guidances: the system’s biological approach to toxicity testing advocated by the US National Research Council and a nanobiological perspective that identifies key events at the nanoscale that are relevant to signal transduction and structural biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- JF Nyland
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina, School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - EK Silbergeld
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Nili HA, Mozdarani H, Aleyasin A. Correlation of sperm DNA damage with protamine deficiency in Iranian subfertile men. Reprod Biomed Online 2009; 18:479-85. [DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60123-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
28
|
Lead chloride affects sperm motility and acrosome reaction in mice. Cell Biol Toxicol 2008; 25:341-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s10565-008-9088-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2008] [Accepted: 05/18/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
29
|
Lead contamination in Eugenia dyeriana herbal preparations from different commercial sources in Malaysia. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 46:1969-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2007] [Revised: 10/10/2007] [Accepted: 01/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
30
|
Telisman S, Colak B, Pizent A, Jurasović J, Cvitković P. Reproductive toxicity of low-level lead exposure in men. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2007; 105:256-66. [PMID: 17632096 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2007.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2006] [Revised: 04/03/2007] [Accepted: 05/17/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Parameters of semen quality, seminal plasma indicators of secretory function of the prostate and seminal vesicles, sex hormones in serum, and biomarkers of lead, cadmium, copper, zinc, and selenium body burden were measured in 240 Croatian men 19-52 years of age. The subjects had no occupational exposure to metals and no known other reasons suspected of influencing male reproductive function or metal metabolism. After adjusting for age, smoking, alcohol, blood cadmium, and serum copper, zinc, and selenium by multiple regression, significant (P<0.05) associations of blood lead (BPb), delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD), and/or erythrocyte protoporphyrin (EP) with reproductive parameters indicated a lead-related increase in immature sperm concentration, in percentages of pathologic sperm, wide sperm, round sperm, and short sperm, in serum levels of testosterone and estradiol, and a decrease in seminal plasma zinc and in serum prolactin. These reproductive effects were observed at low-level lead exposure (BPb median 49 microg/L, range 11-149 microg/L in the 240 subjects) common for general populations worldwide. The observed significant synergistic effect of BPb and blood cadmium on increasing serum testosterone, and additive effect of a decrease in serum selenium on increasing serum testosterone, may have implications on the initiation and development of prostate cancer because testosterone augments the progress of prostate cancer in its early stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Spomenka Telisman
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska cesta 2, PO Box 291, HR-10001 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Jarzecki AA. Lead-poisoned zinc fingers: quantum mechanical exploration of structure, coordination, and electronic excitations. Inorg Chem 2007; 46:7509-21. [PMID: 17676837 DOI: 10.1021/ic700731d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) structure calculations and time-dependent DFT electronic excitation calculations on simple mononuclear lead structures confirm recent reports on the stabilization of tricoordinated structural domains in poisoned proteins. However, the possibility of the formation of tetracoordinated lead complexes should not be disregarded in studies on mechanisms of lead toxicity because structures with both coordination modes are plausible and might contribute to observed UV spectra. Reported calculations along with detailed molecular orbital analysis confirm that the intense UV signal at around 260 nm is an indicator of the ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) band where the electrons are transferred from the sulfur 3p orbital to the lead 6p orbital. The composition of the LMCT band reveals significant excitations not only from the Pb-S bonding orbitals but also from sulfur lone-pair orbitals to the Pb-S antibonding orbitals for which the electron density is largely localized on the Pb "6p-like" molecular orbitals. There is a solid indication that the stereochemically active pair orbital of lead is not strongly hybridized and remains largely of the 6s character in tricoordinated lead structures and is minimally hybridized in tetracoordinated lead structures. Computed UV spectra of lead model complexes are compared to experimental UV spectra of model lead peptides. The comparison shows a good agreement with the major spectral trends and changes observed in these experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej A Jarzecki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate Center, and Brooklyn College, the City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York 11210, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Torregrosa N, Domínguez-Fandos D, Camejo MI, Shirley CR, Meistrich ML, Ballescà JL, Oliva R. Protamine 2 precursors, protamine 1/protamine 2 ratio, DNA integrity and other sperm parameters in infertile patients. Hum Reprod 2006; 21:2084-9. [PMID: 16632464 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/del114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The protamine 1-to-protamine 2 ratio (P1/P2) is altered in the sperm cells of some infertile patients. Also, evidence for increased protamine 2 precursors (pre-P2) in a few patients has been reported. But so far, there have been no studies measuring simultaneously these two variables in a large number of patients. METHODS We measured the P1/P2 ratio and the presence of pre-P2 using, for the first time, an antibody specific to the precursor pre-P2, together with other sperm parameters in 224 infertile patients. Additionally, the DNA integrity was assessed by terminal transferase dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) in a subset of the samples. RESULTS Pre-P2 levels show a significant positive correlation with the P1/P2 ratio, with the presence of other proteins and, at low pre-P2 levels, with TUNEL-positive sperm. An inverse correlation with sperm count, normal morphology and motility was detected. CONCLUSIONS The levels of pre-P2 may provide clues into the pathogenic mechanisms of infertility. The increased proportion of pre-P2 in some patients with increased P1/P2 ratio suggests an involvement of pre-P2 processing. The positive correlation between TUNEL-positive sperm and pre-P2 at low pre-P2/P2 ratios also suggests a link between deficient protamine processing and decreased DNA integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Torregrosa
- Human Genetics Research Group, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Protamines are the major nuclear sperm proteins. The human sperm nucleus contains two types of protamine: protamine 1 (P1) encoded by a single-copy gene and the family of protamine 2 (P2) proteins (P2, P3 and P4), all also encoded by a single gene that is transcribed and translated into a precursor protein. The protamines were discovered more than a century ago, but their function is not yet fully understood. In fact, different hypotheses have been proposed: condensation of the sperm nucleus into a compact hydrodynamic shape, protection of the genetic message delivered by the spermatozoa, involvement in the processes maintaining the integrity and repair of DNA during or after the nucleohistone-nucleoprotamine transition and involvement in the epigenetic imprinting of the spermatozoa. Protamines are also one of the most variable proteins found in nature, with data supporting a positive Darwinian selection. Changes in the expression of P1 and P2 protamines have been found to be associated with infertility in man. Mutations in the protamine genes have also been found in some infertile patients. Transgenic mice defective in the expression of protamines also present several structural defects in the sperm nucleus and have variable degrees of infertility. There is also evidence that altered levels of protamines may result in an increased susceptibility to injury in the spermatozoan DNA causing infertility or poor outcomes in assisted reproduction. The present work reviews the articles published to date on the relationship between protamines and infertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Oliva
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Genetics Unit, Department of Ciències Fisiològiques I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona and Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hernández-Ochoa I, Sánchez-Gutiérrez M, Solís-Heredia MJ, Quintanilla-Vega B. Spermatozoa nucleus takes up lead during the epididymal maturation altering chromatin condensation. Reprod Toxicol 2006; 21:171-8. [PMID: 16198534 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2005.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2005] [Revised: 07/27/2005] [Accepted: 07/29/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) alters sperm chromatin condensation (CC) and the mechanisms are investigated. During spermatogenesis, protamines replace histones and disulfide bonds formation during epididymal maturation condense the chromatin. We evaluated sperm Pb uptake in testis and epididymis and the effects on CC in mice (0.06% Pb(2+)/16 weeks/drinking water). Spermatozoa from caput epididymis (CP) and cauda epididymis-vas deferens (CE-VD) were obtained and CC was measured by SCSA. Lead levels in spermatozoa from CP were lower than those from CE-VD, and correlated with a decreased CC, while Pb in CE-VD spermatozoa correlated with an increased CC. Lead accumulation into the nucleus was observed and Pb binding to nuclear sulfhydryl groups decreased chromatin decondensation in vitro. Our results suggest that spermatozoa take up Pb during testicular development and epididymal transport and alter CC, depending of the timing of Pb incorporation into the sperm nucleus, which finally may interfere with the chromatin decondensation process after fertilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Hernández-Ochoa
- Sección Externa de Toxicología, CINVESTAV, Ave. IPN #2508, Colonia Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hernández-Ochoa I, García-Vargas G, López-Carrillo L, Rubio-Andrade M, Morán-Martínez J, Cebrián ME, Quintanilla-Vega B. Low lead environmental exposure alters semen quality and sperm chromatin condensation in northern Mexico. Reprod Toxicol 2005; 20:221-8. [PMID: 15907657 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2005.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2004] [Revised: 12/15/2004] [Accepted: 01/14/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated environmental-lead (Pb) effects on semen quality and sperm chromatin, considering Pb in seminal fluid (PbSF), spermatozoa (PbSpz), and blood (PbB) as exposure biomarkers in urban men (9.3 microg/dL PbB). Several individuals (44%) showed decreases in sperm quality; sperm concentration, motility, morphology and viability associated negatively with PbSpz, whereas semen volume associated negatively with PbSF. Multiple linear regression estimated PbSF and PbSpz thresholds for alterations in semen quality. Forty-eight percent of samples showed high values of nuclear chromatin condensation (NCD) positively associated with PbSF and zinc in spermatozoa (ZnSpz). ZnSpz values were higher than in fertile men. These results suggest that Pb may affect sperm chromatin by altering sperm Zn availability. PbB was not associated with semen quality or NCD, suggesting that Pb in semen compartments assesses better the amount of Pb in the reproductive tract; therefore, these are better biomarkers to evaluate toxicity at low Pb-exposure levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Hernández-Ochoa
- Sección Externa de Toxicología, CINVESTAV-IPN, Ave. IPN #2508, Colonia Zacatenco, México D.F. 07360, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Piña-Guzmán B, Solís-Heredia MJ, Quintanilla-Vega B. Diazinon alters sperm chromatin structure in mice by phosphorylating nuclear protamines. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2005; 202:189-98. [PMID: 15629194 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2004.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2004] [Accepted: 06/22/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphorus (OP) pesticides, widely used in agriculture and pest control, are associated with male reproductive effects, including sperm chromatin alterations, but the mechanisms underlying these effects are unknown. The main toxic action of OP is related to phosphorylation of proteins. Chemical alterations in sperm nuclear proteins (protamines), which pack DNA during the last steps of spermatogenesis, contribute to male reproductive toxicity. Therefore, in the present study, we tested the ability of diazinon (DZN), an OP compound, to alter sperm chromatin by phosphorylating nuclear protamines. Mice were injected with a single dose of DZN (8.12 mg/kg, i.p.), and killed 8 and 15 days after treatment. Quality of sperm from epididymis and vas deferens was evaluated through standard methods and chromatin condensation by flow cytometry (DNA Fragmented Index parameters: DFI and DFI%) and fluorescence microscopy using chromomycin-A(3) (CMA(3)). Increases in DFI (15%), DFI% (4.5-fold), and CMA(3) (2-fold) were observed only at 8 days post-treatment, indicating an alteration in sperm chromatin condensation and DNA damage during late spermatid differentiation. In addition, an increase of phosphorous content (approximately 50%) in protamines, especially in the phosphoserine content (approximately 73%), was found at 8 days post-treatment. Sperm viability, motility, and morphology showed significant alterations at this time. These data strongly suggest that spermatozoa exposed during the late steps of maturation were the targets of DZN exposure. The correlation observed between the phosphorous content in nuclear protamines with DFI%, DFI, and CMA(3) provides evidence that phosphorylation of nuclear protamines is involved in the OP effects on sperm chromatin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Piña-Guzmán
- Sección Externa de Toxicología, CINVESTAV-IPN, Ave. IPN 2508, Col. Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Jurasović J, Cvitković P, Pizent A, Colak B, Telisman S. Semen quality and reproductive endocrine function with regard to blood cadmium in Croatian male subjects. Biometals 2005; 17:735-43. [PMID: 15689116 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-004-1689-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In 123 Croatian men with no occupational exposure to metals, the influence of cadmium on reproductive parameters was examined after adjusting for age, smoking, alcohol, and biomarkers of lead, copper, zinc, and selenium. The following variables were measured: blood cadmium (BCd), blood lead (BPb), activity of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD), erythrocyte protoporphyrin, serum copper (SCu), serum zinc (SZn), serum selenium (SSe), activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in blood, testis size, semen quality (including sperm concentration, motility, viability, and morphology), indicators in seminal fluid (the lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme LDH-C4, fructose, zinc, acid phosphatase, and citric acid), and hormones in serum (follicle-stimulating hormone--FSH, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, testosterone, and estradiol). The median and range BCd values were 2.94 (0.49-11.93) microg/L in 61 smokers and 0.59 (0.20-3.71) microg/L in 62 nonsmokers (p < 0.0001). Smoking habits (cigarettes/day) highly significantly correlated with BCd (p < 0.0001). After adjusting for potential confounding variables by multiple regression, BCd was significantly associated with a decrease in testis size (p < 0.03) and an increase in serum estradiol (p < 0.005), FSH (p < 0.03), and testosterone (p < 0.04). Smoking was significantly associated with a decrease in serum prolactin (p < 0.006) and LDH-C4 in seminal fluid (p < 0.03). Several reproductive parameters were significantly associated with BPb and ALAD, biomarkers of lead, and/or with SCu, SZn, SSe, and GPx. The necessity of controlling for various metals, and other potential confounders when assessing the influence of a particular metal on reproductive function in men, is emphasized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasna Jurasović
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ang HH, Lee KL, Kiyoshi M. Determination of lead in Smilax myosotiflora herbal preparations obtained in Malaysia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2004; 14:261-272. [PMID: 15369991 DOI: 10.1080/09603120410001725603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The DCA (Drug Control Authority), Malaysia implemented the phase 3 registration of traditional medicines on 1 January 1992 with special emphasis on the quality, efficacy and safety (including the presence of heavy metals) in all pharmaceutical dosage forms of traditional medicinal preparations. As such, a total of 100 traditional medicinal preparations, containing Smilax myosotiflora, in various pharmaceutical dosage forms, which were bought in the Malaysian market, were analysed for lead content using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results showed that 15% of the products analysed possessed 10.23-23.05 ppm of lead, and therefore, do not comply with the quality requirement for traditional medicines in Malaysia. The quality requirement for traditional medicines in Malaysia is that they should not exceed 10 ppm of lead. Out of these 15 products, five products exhibited 10.23-23.05 ppm of lead, in fact they have already been registered with the DCA Malaysia. However, the rest of the products, which possessed 12.24-20.72 ppm of lead, have still not been registered with the DCA Malaysia. Although this study successfully showed that only 85% of the products complied with the quality requirement for traditional medicines in Malaysia pertaining to lead, they cannot, however, be assumed to be safe from lead contamination because of batch-to-batch inconsistency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H H Ang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Trasler JM. Translational research in male mediated developmental toxicity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2004; 518:279-84. [PMID: 12817697 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-9190-4_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacquetta M Trasler
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University and The McGill University-Montreal Children's Hospital, Research Institute, 2300 Tupper Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3H 1P3.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Silbergeld EK, Quintanilla-Vega B, Gandley RE. Mechanisms of male mediated developmental toxicity induced by lead. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2004; 518:37-48. [PMID: 12817675 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-9190-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen K Silbergeld
- University of Maryland Baltimore, Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, 10 South Pine Street, MSTF 9-34, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Bonde JP, Joffe M, Apostoli P, Dale A, Kiss P, Spano M, Caruso F, Giwercman A, Bisanti L, Porru S, Vanhoorne M, Comhaire F, Zschiesche W. Sperm count and chromatin structure in men exposed to inorganic lead: lowest adverse effect levels. Occup Environ Med 2002; 59:234-42. [PMID: 11934950 PMCID: PMC1740274 DOI: 10.1136/oem.59.4.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To obtain knowledge on male reproductive toxicity of inorganic lead at current European exposure levels and to establish lowest adverse effect levels, if any. METHODS A cross sectional survey of the semen of 503 men employed by 10 companies was conducted in the United Kingdom, Italy, and Belgium. The mean blood lead concentration was 31.0 microg/dl (range 4.6-64.5) in 362 workers exposed to lead and 4.4 microg/dl (range below the detection limit of 19.8) in 141 reference workers. Semen volume and sperm concentration were determined in a fresh semen sample according to an agreed protocol subject to quality assurance. The sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA) was performed at a centralised laboratory. Extraneous determinants including centre, period of sexual abstinence, and age were taken into account in the statistical analysis. If appropriate, possible thresholds were examined by iterative threshold slope linear regression. RESULTS The median sperm concentration was reduced by 49% in men with blood lead concentration above 50 microg/dl. There was no indication of a linear trend of lower sperm concentration with increasing blood lead values, but threshold slope least square regression identified a blood lead concentration of 44 microg/dl (beta=-0.037, F=4.35, p=0.038) as a likely threshold. Abnormal sperm chromatin structure was not related to blood lead concentration, but some indications of deterioration of sperm chromatin was found in men with the highest concentrations of lead within spermatozoa. Biological monitoring data did not indicate long term effects of lead on semen quantity or sperm chromatin. CONCLUSION Adverse effects of lead on sperm concentration and susceptibility to acid induced denaturation of sperm chromatin are unlikely at blood lead concentrations below 45 microg/dl. Effects of low level exposure to lead on other measures of testicular function cannot be ruled out.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J P Bonde
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University Hospital of Aarhus, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Hales BF, Robaire B. Paternal exposure to drugs and environmental chemicals: effects on progeny outcome. JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY 2001; 22:927-36. [PMID: 11700855 DOI: 10.1002/j.1939-4640.2001.tb03431.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B F Hales
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Recent biophysical studies on the interactions between lead and recombinant proteins and peptides that naturally bind zinc or calcium have provided unparalleled insights into the biological chemistry and molecular toxicology of lead. These studies lay the foundation for the rational design of improved methods for detecting and treating lead poisoning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H A Godwin
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208-3113, USA.
| |
Collapse
|