1
|
Bayne ACV, Boltz D, Owen C, Betz Y, Maia G, Azadi P, Archer-Hartmann S, Zirkle R, Lippmeier JC. Vaccination against influenza with recombinant hemagglutinin expressed by Schizochytrium sp. confers protective immunity. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61790. [PMID: 23626728 PMCID: PMC3634000 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
For the rapid production of influenza vaccine antigens in unlimited quantities, a transition from conventional egg-based production to cell-based and recombinant systems is required. The need for higher-yield, lower-cost, and faster production processes is critical to provide adequate supplies of influenza vaccine to counter global pandemic threats. In this study, recombinant hemagglutinin proteins of influenza virus were expressed in the microalga Schizochytrium sp., an established, fermentable organism grown in large scale for the manufacture of polyunsaturated fatty acids for animal and human health applications. Schizochytrium was capable of exporting the full-length membrane-bound proteins in a secreted form suitable for vaccine formulation. One recombinant hemagglutinin (rHA) protein derived from A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) influenza virus was evaluated as a vaccine in a murine challenge model. Protective immunity from lethal challenge with homologous virus was elicited by a single dose of 1.7, 5 or 15 µg rHA with or without adjuvant at survival rates between 80–100%. Full protection (100%) was established at all dose levels with or without adjuvant when mice were given a second vaccination. These data demonstrate the potential of Schizochytrium sp. as a platform for the production of recombinant antigens useful for vaccination against influenza.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic
- Female
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/administration & dosage
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Humans
- Immunization, Secondary
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/chemistry
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Influenza Vaccines/genetics
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/prevention & control
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Microalgae/genetics
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/mortality
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/prevention & control
- Recombinant Proteins/administration & dosage
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
- Stramenopiles/genetics
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Cécile V. Bayne
- Nutritional Lipids, DSM Nutritional Products, Columbia, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David Boltz
- Division of Microbiology & Molecular Biology, IIT Research Institute, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Carole Owen
- Nutritional Lipids, DSM Nutritional Products, Columbia, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yelena Betz
- Nutritional Lipids, DSM Nutritional Products, Columbia, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Goncalo Maia
- Nutritional Lipids, DSM Nutritional Products, Columbia, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Archer-Hartmann
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ross Zirkle
- Nutritional Lipids, DSM Nutritional Products, Columbia, Maryland, United States of America
| | - J. Casey Lippmeier
- Nutritional Lipids, DSM Nutritional Products, Columbia, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
François KO, Balzarini J. Potential of carbohydrate-binding agents as therapeutics against enveloped viruses. Med Res Rev 2010; 32:349-87. [PMID: 20577974 PMCID: PMC7168447 DOI: 10.1002/med.20216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Twenty‐seven years after the discovery of HIV as the cause of AIDS more than 25 drugs directed against four different viral targets (i.e. reverse transcriptase, protease, integrase, envelope gp41) and one cellular target (i.e. CCR5 co‐receptor) are available for treatment. However, the search for an efficient vaccine is still ongoing. One of the main problems is the presence of a continuously evolving dense carbohydrate shield, consisting of N‐linked glycans that surrounds the virion and protects it against efficient recognition and persistent neutralization by the immune system. However, several lectins from the innate immune system specifically bind to these glycans in an attempt to process the virus antigens to provoke an immune response. Across a wide variety of different species in nature lectins can be found that can interact with the glycosylated envelope of HIV‐1 and can block the infection of susceptible cells by the virus. In this review, we will give an overview of the lectins from non‐mammalian origin that are endowed with antiviral properties and discuss the complex interactions between lectins of the innate immune system and HIV‐1. Also, attention will be given to different carbohydrate‐related modalities that can be exploited for antiviral chemotherapy. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K O François
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, K. U. Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen H, Xu X, Jones IM. Immunogenicity of the outer domain of a HIV-1 clade C gp120. Retrovirology 2007; 4:33. [PMID: 17509143 PMCID: PMC1891314 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-4-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2007] [Accepted: 05/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The possibility that a sub domain of a C clade HIV-1 gp120 could act as an effective immunogen was investigated. To do this, the outer domain (OD) of gp120CN54 was expressed and characterized in a construct marked by a re-introduced conformational epitope for MAb 2G12. The expressed sequence showed efficient epitope retention on the isolated ODCN54 suggesting authentic folding. To facilitate purification and subsequent immunogenicity ODCN54 was fused to the Fc domain of human IgG1. Mice were immunised with the resulting fusion proteins and also with gp120CN54-Fc and gp120 alone. RESULTS Fusion to Fc was found to stimulate antibody titre and Fc tagged ODCN54 was substantially more immunogenic than non-tagged gp120. Immunogenicity appeared the result of Fc facilitated antigen processing as immunisation with an Fc domain mutant that reduced binding to the FcR lead to a reduction in antibody titre when compared to the parental sequence. The breadth of the antibody response was assessed by serum reaction with five overlapping fragments of gp120CN54 expressed as GST fusion proteins in bacteria. A predominant anti-inner domain and anti-V3C3 response was observed following immunisation with gp120CN54-Fc and an anti-V3C3 response to the ODCN54-Fc fusion. CONCLUSION The outer domain of gp120CN54 is correctly folded following expression as a C terminal fusion protein. Immunogenicity is substantial when targeted to antigen presenting cells but shows V3 dominance in the polyvalent response. The gp120 outer domain has potential as a candidate vaccine component.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Chen
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AJ, UK
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AJ, UK
| | - Ian M Jones
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AJ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Many clade C isolates of HIV-1 do not react with monoclonal antibody (MAb) 2G12, a broad-ranging human neutralizing MAb that recognizes high mannose carbohydrate groups attached to glycoprotein gp120. We reintroduced a partial and complete 2G12 epitope into a clade C background, HIV-1(CN54), and examined the antibody reactivity of the resulting recombinant molecules. Two glycosylation sites recovered 2G12 binding completely, but some binding was evident after the reintroduction of a single glycosylation site at Asn295.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Chen
- School of Animal and Microbial Sciences, The University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AJ, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yonezawa N, Kudo K, Terauchi H, Kanai S, Yoda N, Tanokura M, Ito K, Miura KI, Katsumata T, Nakano M. Recombinant Porcine Zona Pellucida Glycoproteins Expressed in Sf9 Cells Bind to Bovine Sperm but Not to Porcine Sperm. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:20189-96. [PMID: 15788399 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m414242200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The zona pellucida, which surrounds the mammalian oocyte, consists of the ZPA, ZPB, and ZPC glycoproteins and plays roles in species-selective sperm-egg interactions via its carbohydrate moieties. In the pig, this activity is conferred by tri- and tetraantennary complex type chains; in cattle, it is conferred by a chain of 5 mannose residues. In this study, porcine zona glycoproteins were expressed as secreted forms, using the baculovirus-Sf9 insect cell system. The sperm binding activities of the recombinant proteins were examined in three different assays. The assays clearly demonstrated that recombinant ZPB bound bovine sperm weakly but did not bind porcine sperm; when recombinant ZPC was also present, bovine sperm binding activity was greatly increased, but porcine sperm still was not bound. The major sugar chains of ZPB were pauci and high mannose type chains that were similar in structure to the major neutral N-linked chain of the bovine zona. In fact, the nonreducing terminal alpha-mannose residues were necessary for the sperm binding activity. These results show that the carbohydrate moieties of zona glycoproteins, but not the polypeptide moieties, play an essential role in species-selective recognition of porcine and bovine sperm. Moreover, Asn to Asp mutations at either of two of the N-glycosylation sites of ZPB, residue 203 or 220, significantly reduced the sperm binding activity of the ZPB/ZPC mixture, whereas a similar mutation at the third N-glycosylation site, Asn-333, had no effect on binding. These results suggest that the N-glycans located in the N-terminal half of the ZP domain of porcine ZPB are involved in sperm-zona binding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Yonezawa
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiba University. Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lu W, Chapple SD, Lissini O, Jones IM. Characterization of a truncated soluble form of the baculovirus (AcMNPV) major envelope protein Gp64. Protein Expr Purif 2002; 24:196-201. [PMID: 11858713 DOI: 10.1006/prep.2001.1561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A truncated tagged form of the Autographica californica multiple nuclear polyhedrosis virus major surface glycoprotein, gp64, has been expressed using the baculovirus expression system and purified to homogeneity by immune-affinity chromatography. The protein, which is responsible for virus-cell fusion, was a trimer in solution and retained this oligomeric form at pH 5, the pH of fusion. Circular dichroism spectroscopy indicated a protein with mixed alpha-helix and beta-sheet content that did not undergo significant change at pH 5. The soluble protein showed no detectable binding to the insect cell surface. These data suggest a novel fusion mechanism for gp64 compared to models such as the influenza HA. In a crystal screen, deglycosylated, but not glycosylated, preparations of the protein were found to form small needle-shaped crystals that may form the basis of a dedicated structural study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weixian Lu
- NERC Institute of Virology, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3SR, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cho MW. Assessment of HIV vaccine development: past, present, and future. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2001; 49:263-314. [PMID: 11013767 DOI: 10.1016/s1054-3589(00)49030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M W Cho
- AIDS Vaccine Research and Development Unit, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Our growing comprehension of the biological roles of glycan moieties has created a clear need for expression systems that can produce mammalian-type glycoproteins. In turn, this has intensified interest in understanding the protein glycosylation pathways of the heterologous hosts that are commonly used for recombinant glycoprotein expression. Among these, insect cells are the most widely used and, particularly in their role as hosts for baculovirus expression vectors, provide a powerful tool for biotechnology. Various studies of the glycosylation patterns of endogenous and recombinant glycoproteins produced by insect cells have revealed a large variety of O- and N-linked glycan structures and have established that the major processed O- and N-glycan species found on these glycoproteins are (Gal beta1,3)GalNAc-O-Ser/Thr and Man3(Fuc)GlcNAc2-N-Asn, respectively. However, the ability or inability of insect cells to synthesize and compartmentalize sialic acids and to produce sialylated glycans remains controversial. This is an important issue because terminal sialic acid residues play diverse biological roles in many glycoconjugates. While most work indicates that insect cell-derived glycoproteins are not sialylated, some well-controlled studies suggest that sialylation can occur. In evaluating this work, it is important to recognize that oligosaccharide structural determination is tedious work, due to the infinite diversity of this class of compounds. Furthermore, there is no universal method of glycan analysis; rather, various strategies and techniques can be used, which provide glycobiologists with relatively more or less precise and reliable results. Therefore, it is important to consider the methodology used to assess glycan structures when evaluating these studies. The purpose of this review is to survey the studies that have contributed to our current view of glycoprotein sialylation in insect cell systems, according to the methods used. Possible reasons for the disagreement on this topic in the literature, which include the diverse origins of biological material and experimental artifacts, will be discussed. In the final analysis, it appears that if insect cells have the genetic potential to perform sialylation of glycoproteins, this is a highly specialized function that probably occurs rarely. Thus, the production of sialylated recombinant glycoproteins in the baculovirus-insect cell system will require metabolic engineering efforts to extend the native protein glycosylation pathways of insect cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Marchal
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, CNRS UMR no8576, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kedees MH, Gerold P, Azzouz N, Blaschke T, Shams-Eldin H, Mühlberger E, Holder AA, Klenk HD, Schwarz RT, Eckert V. Processing and localisation of a GPI-anchored Plasmodium falciparum surface protein expressed by the baculovirus system. Eur J Cell Biol 2000; 79:52-61. [PMID: 10711426 DOI: 10.1078/s0171-9335(04)70007-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the expression, in insect cells using the baculovirus system, of two protein fragments derived from the C-terminus of merozoite surface protein 1(MSP-1) of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, and their glycosylation and intracellular location. The transport and intracellular localisation of the intact C-terminal MSP-1 fragment, modified by addition of a signal sequence for secretion, was compared with that of a similar control protein in which translation of the GPI-cleavage/attachment site was abolished by insertion of a stop codon into the DNA sequence. Both proteins could only be detected intracellularly, most likely in the endoplasmic reticulum. This lack of transport to the cell surface or beyond, was confirmed for both proteins by immunofluorescence with a specific antibody and characterisation of their N-glycans. The N-glycans had not been processed by enzymes localised in post-endoplasmic reticulum compartments. In contrast to MSP-1, the surface antigen SAG-1 of Toxoplasma gondii was efficiently transported out of the endoplasmic reticulum of insect cells and was located, at least in part, on the cell surface. No GPI-anchor could be detected for either of the MSP-1 constructs or SAG-1, showing that the difference in transport is a property of the individual proteins and cannot be attributed to the lack of a GPI-anchor. The different intracellular location and post-translational modification of recombinant proteins expressed in insect cells, as compared to the native proteins expressed in parasites, and the possible implications for vaccine development are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M H Kedees
- Zentrum für Hygiene und Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Philips-Universität Marburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Compositions and methods for delivery of nucleic acids to hepatocytes. Expert Opin Ther Pat 1998. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.8.8.1061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
11
|
Casasnovas JM, Bickford JK, Springer TA. The domain structure of ICAM-1 and the kinetics of binding to rhinovirus. J Virol 1998; 72:6244-6. [PMID: 9621098 PMCID: PMC110451 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.72.7.6244-6246.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fragments of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM- 1) containing only the two most N terminal of its five immunoglobulin SF domains bind to rhinovirus 3 with the same affinity and kinetics as a fragment with the entire extracellular domain. The fully active two-domain fragments contain 5 or 14 more residues than a previously described fragment that is only partially active. Comparison of X-ray crystal structures show differences at the bottom of domain 2. Four different glycoforms of ICAM- 1 bind with identical kinetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Casasnovas
- The Center for Blood Research and Harvard Medical School Department of Pathology, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|