1
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Beck A, Newton MA, van de Water LGA, van Bokhoven JA. The Enigma of Methanol Synthesis by Cu/ZnO/Al 2O 3-Based Catalysts. Chem Rev 2024; 124:4543-4678. [PMID: 38564235 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The activity and durability of the Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 (CZA) catalyst formulation for methanol synthesis from CO/CO2/H2 feeds far exceed the sum of its individual components. As such, this ternary catalytic system is a prime example of synergy in catalysis, one that has been employed for the large scale commercial production of methanol since its inception in the mid 1960s with precious little alteration to its original formulation. Methanol is a key building block of the chemical industry. It is also an attractive energy storage molecule, which can also be produced from CO2 and H2 alone, making efficient use of sequestered CO2. As such, this somewhat unusual catalyst formulation has an enormous role to play in the modern chemical industry and the world of global economics, to which the correspondingly voluminous and ongoing research, which began in the 1920s, attests. Yet, despite this commercial success, and while research aimed at understanding how this formulation functions has continued throughout the decades, a comprehensive and universally agreed upon understanding of how this material achieves what it does has yet to be realized. After nigh on a century of research into CZA catalysts, the purpose of this Review is to appraise what has been achieved to date, and to show how, and how far, the field has evolved. To do so, this Review evaluates the research regarding this catalyst formulation in a chronological order and critically assesses the validity and novelty of various hypotheses and claims that have been made over the years. Ultimately, the Review attempts to derive a holistic summary of what the current body of literature tells us about the fundamental sources of the synergies at work within the CZA catalyst and, from this, suggest ways in which the field may yet be further advanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arik Beck
- Institute for Chemistry and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Mark A Newton
- Institute for Chemistry and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jeroen A van Bokhoven
- Institute for Chemistry and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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2
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Gianolio D, Higham MD, Quesne MG, Aramini M, Xu R, Large AI, Held G, Velasco-Vélez JJ, Haevecker M, Knop-Gericke A, Genovese C, Ampelli C, Schuster ME, Perathoner S, Centi G, Catlow CRA, Arrigo R. Interfacial Chemistry in the Electrocatalytic Hydrogenation of CO 2 over C-Supported Cu-Based Systems. ACS Catal 2023; 13:5876-5895. [PMID: 37180964 PMCID: PMC10167656 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c01288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Operando soft and hard X-ray spectroscopic techniques were used in combination with plane-wave density functional theory (DFT) simulations to rationalize the enhanced activities of Zn-containing Cu nanostructured electrocatalysts in the electrocatalytic CO2 hydrogenation reaction. We show that at a potential for CO2 hydrogenation, Zn is alloyed with Cu in the bulk of the nanoparticles with no metallic Zn segregated; at the interface, low reducible Cu(I)-O species are consumed. Additional spectroscopic features are observed, which are identified as various surface Cu(I) ligated species; these respond to the potential, revealing characteristic interfacial dynamics. Similar behavior was observed for the Fe-Cu system in its active state, confirming the general validity of this mechanism; however, the performance of this system deteriorates after successive applied cathodic potentials, as the hydrogen evolution reaction then becomes the main reaction pathway. In contrast to an active system, Cu(I)-O is now consumed at cathodic potentials and not reversibly reformed when the voltage is allowed to equilibrate at the open-circuit voltage; rather, only the oxidation to Cu(II) is observed. We show that the Cu-Zn system represents the optimal active ensembles with stabilized Cu(I)-O; DFT simulations rationalize this observation by indicating that Cu-Zn-O neighboring atoms are able to activate CO2, whereas Cu-Cu sites provide the supply of H atoms for the hydrogenation reaction. Our results demonstrate an electronic effect exerted by the heterometal, which depends on its intimate distribution within the Cu phase and confirms the general validity of these mechanistic insights for future electrocatalyst design strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Gianolio
- Diamond
Light Source Ltd., Harwell
Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, U.K.
| | - Michael D. Higham
- Cardiff
Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, Wales CF10 3AT, U.K.
- UK Catalysis
Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford
Appleton Laboratory, R92, Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0FA, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - Matthew G. Quesne
- Cardiff
Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, Wales CF10 3AT, U.K.
- UK Catalysis
Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford
Appleton Laboratory, R92, Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0FA, U.K.
| | - Matteo Aramini
- Diamond
Light Source Ltd., Harwell
Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, U.K.
| | - Ruoyu Xu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University College
London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - Alex I. Large
- Diamond
Light Source Ltd., Harwell
Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, U.K.
| | - Georg Held
- Diamond
Light Source Ltd., Harwell
Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, U.K.
| | - Juan-Jesús Velasco-Vélez
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Haevecker
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Axel Knop-Gericke
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Chemische Energiekonversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Chiara Genovese
- Department
of ChiBioFarAm, ERIC aisbl and CASPE/INSTM, University of Messina, V. le F.Stagno D’ Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Claudio Ampelli
- Department
of ChiBioFarAm, ERIC aisbl and CASPE/INSTM, University of Messina, V. le F.Stagno D’ Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | | | - Siglinda Perathoner
- Department
of ChiBioFarAm, ERIC aisbl and CASPE/INSTM, University of Messina, V. le F.Stagno D’ Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Gabriele Centi
- Department
of ChiBioFarAm, ERIC aisbl and CASPE/INSTM, University of Messina, V. le F.Stagno D’ Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - C. Richard A. Catlow
- Diamond
Light Source Ltd., Harwell
Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, U.K.
- Cardiff
Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, Wales CF10 3AT, U.K.
- UK Catalysis
Hub, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford
Appleton Laboratory, R92, Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0FA, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - Rosa Arrigo
- Diamond
Light Source Ltd., Harwell
Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, U.K.
- School
of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Cockcroft Building, Salford, Greater Manchester M5 4WT, U.K.
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3
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Schlögl R. Chemische Batterien mit CO
2. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Schlögl
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion Stiftstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4–6 14195 Berlin Deutschland
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4
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Abstract
Efforts to obtain raw materials from CO2 by catalytic reduction as a means of combating greenhouse gas emissions are pushing the boundaries of the chemical industry. The dimensions of modern energy regimes, on the one hand, and the necessary transport and trade of globally produced renewable energy, on the other, will require the use of chemical batteries in conjunction with the local production of renewable electricity. The synthesis of methanol is an important option for chemical batteries and will, for that reason, be described here in detail. It is also shown that the necessary, robust, and fundamental understanding of processes and the material science of catalysts for the hydrogenation of CO2 does not yet exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Schlögl
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische EnergiekonversionStiftstrasse 34–3645470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-GesellschaftFaradayweg 4–614195BerlinGermany
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5
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Huang X, Jones T, Fedorov A, Farra R, Copéret C, Schlögl R, Willinger MG. Phase Coexistence and Structural Dynamics of Redox Metal Catalysts Revealed by Operando TEM. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2101772. [PMID: 34117665 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202101772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Metal catalysts play an important role in industrial redox reactions. Although extensively studied, the state of these catalysts under operating conditions is largely unknown, and assignments of active sites remain speculative. Herein, an operando transmission electron microscopy study is presented, which interrelates the structural dynamics of redox metal catalysts to their activity. Using hydrogen oxidation on copper as an elementary redox reaction, it is revealed how the interaction between metal and the surrounding gas phase induces complex structural transformations and drives the system from a thermodynamic equilibrium toward a state controlled by the chemical dynamics. Direct imaging combined with the simultaneous detection of catalytic activity provides unparalleled structure-activity insights that identify distinct mechanisms for water formation and reveal the means by which the system self-adjusts to changes of the gas-phase chemical potential. Density functional theory calculations show that surface phase transitions are driven by chemical dynamics even when the system is far from a thermodynamic phase boundary. In a bottom-up approach, the dynamic behavior observed here for an elementary reaction is finally extended to more relevant redox reactions and other metal catalysts, which underlines the importance of chemical dynamics for the formation and constant re-generation of transient active sites during catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Huang
- Scientific Center for Optical and Electron Microscopy, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 3, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
- Fritz-Haber Institute of Max-Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Travis Jones
- Fritz-Haber Institute of Max-Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexey Fedorov
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ramzi Farra
- Fritz-Haber Institute of Max-Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Fritz-Haber Institute of Max-Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Department Heterogeneous Reactions, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Marc-Georg Willinger
- Scientific Center for Optical and Electron Microscopy, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 3, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
- Fritz-Haber Institute of Max-Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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6
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Zhang H, Li X, Wang W, Mao B, Han Y, Yu Y, Liu Z. Ambient pressure mapping of resonant Auger spectroscopy at BL02B01 at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:123108. [PMID: 33379983 DOI: 10.1063/5.0020469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
During the past few decades, resonant Auger spectroscopy (RAS) has presented some advantages in elucidating the electronic structure of free molecules, liquids, and solids. To further extend the application of RAS in complex in situ environments, the ambient pressure system should be developed to characterize the gas-solid and liquid-solid interfaces. In this paper, we describe the design and performance of an ambient pressure mapping of resonant Auger spectroscopy (mRAS) system newly developed at BL02B01 at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility. This system is unique in that the ambient pressure soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy (sXAS) can be measured in Auger electron yield with kinetic energy (KE) resolved. We can obtain a mapping of the resonant Auger spectroscopy (mRAS) in the near ambient pressure environment. This approach provides an additional dimension of information along the KE of Auger electrons to reveal details of the valence and unoccupied states at the vicinity of the absorption edge. Complementary to the photoemission spectroscopy that probes the core levels, in situ two-dimension mRAS characterization is useful in studying the electronic structure of complex interfaces of gas-solid and liquid-solid under realistic operating conditions. We herein present the in situ oxidation of Cu(111) in the ambient oxygen environment as demonstration of the mRAS capability. Specifically, resolving the Auger features gives valuable clues to the molecular level understanding of chemical bonding and the evolution of orbital hybridization. In addition, the mRAS results of spatial resolution and mbar range gas pressure are shown and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Xiaobao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Baohua Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Yong Han
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yi Yu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
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7
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Ploner K, Watschinger M, Kheyrollahi Nezhad PD, Götsch T, Schlicker L, Köck EM, Gurlo A, Gili A, Doran A, Zhang L, Köwitsch N, Armbrüster M, Vanicek S, Wallisch W, Thurner C, Klötzer B, Penner S. Mechanistic insights into the catalytic methanol steam reforming performance of Cu/ZrO2 catalysts by in situ and operando studies. J Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2020.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Eren B, Sole CG, Lacasa JS, Grinter D, Venturini F, Held G, Esconjauregui CS, Weatherup RS. Identifying the catalyst chemical state and adsorbed species during methanol conversion on copper using ambient pressure X-ray spectroscopies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:18806-18814. [PMID: 32242587 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00347f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Methanol is a promising chemical for the safe and efficient storage of hydrogen, where methanol conversion reactions can generate a hydrogen-containing gas mixture. Understanding the chemical state of the catalyst over which these reactions occur and the interplay with the adsorbed species present is key to the design of improved catalysts and process conditions. Here we study polycrystalline Cu foils using ambient pressure X-ray spectroscopies to reveal the Cu oxidation state and identify the adsorbed species during partial oxidation (CH3OH + O2), steam reforming (CH3OH + H2O), and autothermal reforming (CH3OH + O2 + H2O) of methanol at 200 °C surface temperature and in the mbar pressure range. We find that the Cu surface remains highly metallic throughout partial oxidation and steam reforming reactions, even for oxygen-rich conditions. However, for autothermal reforming the Cu surface shows significant oxidation towards Cu2O. We rationalise this behaviour on the basis of the shift in equilibrium of the CH3OH* + O* ⇌ CH3O* + OH* reaction step caused by the addition of H2O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baran Eren
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, 76100 Rehovot, Israel.
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9
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Abstract
We review oxygen K-edge X-ray absorption spectra of both molecules and solids. We start with an overview of the main experimental aspects of oxygen K-edge X-ray absorption measurements including X-ray sources, monochromators, and detection schemes. Many recent oxygen K-edge studies combine X-ray absorption with time and spatially resolved measurements and/or operando conditions. The main theoretical and conceptual approximations for the simulation of oxygen K-edges are discussed in the Theory section. We subsequently discuss oxygen atoms and ions, binary molecules, water, and larger molecules containing oxygen, including biomolecular systems. The largest part of the review deals with the experimental results for solid oxides, starting from s- and p-electron oxides. Examples of theoretical simulations for these oxides are introduced in order to show how accurate a DFT description can be in the case of s and p electron overlap. We discuss the general analysis of the 3d transition metal oxides including discussions of the crystal field effect and the effects and trends in oxidation state and covalency. In addition to the general concepts, we give a systematic overview of the oxygen K-edges element by element, for the s-, p-, d-, and f-electron systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Frati
- Inorganic
chemistry and catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Frank M. F. de Groot
- Inorganic
chemistry and catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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10
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Beaumont SK. Soft XAS as an in situ technique for the study of heterogeneous catalysts. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:18747-18756. [PMID: 32319477 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00657b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Soft X-ray absorption in situ studies of heterogeneous catalysts have been applied to areas such as copper methanol oxidation catalysts and cobalt Fischer-Tropsch type catalysts over a period of around two decades. The technique has the potential to offer several advantages for studying heterogeneous catalysts against hard X-ray XAS in: the systems that can be studied (includes elements such as C, N, O), the potential for surface sensitivity (crucial for catalysts, where reactions occur at surfaces) and the information content of the resulting spectra. Nevertheless, it is technically challenging and the necessary hardware has only been developed and evolved in a few specific groups worldwide. This perspective will introduce the technique in the context of other competing spectroscopies, summarise the development of hardware and the challenges that have been overcome in experimental terms, along with the outcome and impact on different fields within catalysis. Additionally, anticipated future trends and directions will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon K Beaumont
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
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11
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Blatnik M, Drechsel C, Tsud N, Surnev S, Netzer FP. Decomposition of Methanol on Mixed CuO-CuWO 4 Surfaces. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:679-687. [PMID: 28832149 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b06233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mixed CuO(2 × 1)-CuWO4 layers on a Cu(110) surface have been prepared by the on-surface reaction of the CuO(2 × 1) surface oxide with adsorbed (WO3)3 clusters. The adsorption and decomposition of methanol on these well-defined CuO-CuWO4 surfaces has been followed by high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS), and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) to assess the molecular surface species and their concentration, while the state of the surface oxide phases before and after methanol decomposition has been characterized by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), low energy electron diffraction (LEED), and XPS. Surface methoxy species form the primary methanol decomposition products, which desorb partly by recombination as methanol at 200-300 K or decompose into CHx and possibly CO. The most reactive surfaces are mixed CuO-CuWO4 phase, with CuWO4 coverages 0.5-0.8 monolayer, thus pointing at the importance of oxide phase boundary sites. In a minority reaction channel, a small amount of formaldehyde is detected on the CuWO4 surface. The CuWO4 oxide phase becomes modified as a result of reduction and a morphology transition triggered by the methanol decomposition, but the pristine surface state can be recovered by a postoxidation treatment with oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Blatnik
- Surface and Interface Physics, Institute of Physics, Karl-Franzens University Graz , Universitätsplatz 5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - C Drechsel
- Surface and Interface Physics, Institute of Physics, Karl-Franzens University Graz , Universitätsplatz 5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - N Tsud
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Charles University , Prague 18000, Czech Republic
| | - S Surnev
- Surface and Interface Physics, Institute of Physics, Karl-Franzens University Graz , Universitätsplatz 5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - F P Netzer
- Surface and Interface Physics, Institute of Physics, Karl-Franzens University Graz , Universitätsplatz 5, 8010 Graz, Austria
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12
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Du P, Gao Y, Wu P, Cai C. Exploring the methanol decomposition mechanism on the Pt3Ni(100) surface: a periodic density functional theory study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:10132-10141. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00768c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The detailed mechanism of the methanol decomposition reaction on the Pt3Ni(100) surface is studied based on self-consistent periodic DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for NSLSCS
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing 210097
| | - Yuan Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for NSLSCS
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing 210097
| | - Ping Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for NSLSCS
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing 210097
| | - Chenxin Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for NSLSCS
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing 210097
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13
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Mammen N, Spanu L, Tyo EC, Yang B, Halder A, Seifert S, Pellin MJ, Vajda S, Narasimhan S. Reversing Size‐Dependent Trends in the Oxidation of Copper Clusters through Support Effects. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201701355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Mammen
- Theoretical Sciences Unit Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research ‐560064 Bangalore India
| | - Leonardo Spanu
- Shell Technology Center Shell India Markets Private Limited ‐560048 Bangalore India
| | - Eric C. Tyo
- Materials Science Division Argonne National Laboratory 60439 Argonne IL USA
| | - Bing Yang
- Materials Science Division Argonne National Laboratory 60439 Argonne IL USA
| | - Avik Halder
- Materials Science Division Argonne National Laboratory 60439 Argonne IL USA
| | - Sönke Seifert
- X‐ray Science Division Argonne National Laboratory 60439 Argonne IL USA
| | - Michael J. Pellin
- Materials Science Division Argonne National Laboratory 60439 Argonne IL USA
| | - Stefan Vajda
- Materials Science Division Argonne National Laboratory 60439 Argonne IL USA
- Institute for Molecular Engineering The University of Chicago 60637 Chicago IL USA
| | - Shobhana Narasimhan
- Theoretical Sciences Unit Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research ‐560064 Bangalore India
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14
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Velasco-Vélez JJ, Skorupska K, Frei E, Huang YC, Dong CL, Su BJ, Hsu CJ, Chou HY, Chen JM, Strasser P, Schlögl R, Knop-Gericke A, Chuang CH. The Electro-Deposition/Dissolution of CuSO 4 Aqueous Electrolyte Investigated by In Situ Soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2017; 122:780-787. [PMID: 29039938 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b06728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The electrodeposition nature of copper on a gold electrode in a 4.8 pH CuSO4 solution was inquired using X-ray absorption spectroscopy, electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance, and thermal desorption spectroscopy techniques. Our results point out that the electrodeposition of copper prompts the formation of stable oxi-hydroxide species with a formal oxidation state Cu+ without the evidence of metallic copper formation (Cu0). Moreover, the subsequent anodic polarization of Cu2Oaq yields the formation of CuO, in the formal oxidation state Cu2+, which is dissolved at higher anodic potential. It was found that the dissolution process needs less charge than that required for the electrodeposition indicating a nonreversible process most likely due to concomitant water splitting and formation of protons during the electrodeposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Jesús Velasco-Vélez
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion , Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany.,Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Skorupska
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion , Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany
| | - Elias Frei
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Yu-Cheng Huang
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University , New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan.,National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center , Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Li Dong
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University , New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Jian Su
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Central University , Chungli 320, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Jhih Hsu
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University , New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yu Chou
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University , New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Ming Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center , Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Peter Strasser
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University Berlin , 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion , Mülheim an der Ruhr 45470, Germany.,Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Axel Knop-Gericke
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Cheng-Hao Chuang
- Department of Physics, Tamkang University , New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
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15
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Eren B, Kersell H, Weatherup RS, Heine C, Crumlin EJ, Friend CM, Salmeron MB. Structure of the Clean and Oxygen-Covered Cu(100) Surface at Room Temperature in the Presence of Methanol Vapor in the 10–200 mTorr Pressure Range. J Phys Chem B 2017; 122:548-554. [PMID: 28749680 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b04681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Cynthia M. Friend
- Paulson
School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Miquel B. Salmeron
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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16
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Subsurface oxide plays a critical role in CO 2 activation by Cu(111) surfaces to form chemisorbed CO 2, the first step in reduction of CO 2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:6706-6711. [PMID: 28607092 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1701405114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A national priority is to convert CO2 into high-value chemical products such as liquid fuels. Because current electrocatalysts are not adequate, we aim to discover new catalysts by obtaining a detailed understanding of the initial steps of CO2 electroreduction on copper surfaces, the best current catalysts. Using ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy interpreted with quantum mechanical prediction of the structures and free energies, we show that the presence of a thin suboxide structure below the copper surface is essential to bind the CO2 in the physisorbed configuration at 298 K, and we show that this suboxide is essential for converting to the chemisorbed CO2 in the presence of water as the first step toward CO2 reduction products such as formate and CO. This optimum suboxide leads to both neutral and charged Cu surface sites, providing fresh insights into how to design improved carbon dioxide reduction catalysts.
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17
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Schlögl
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion; Stiftstr. 34-36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
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19
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Eren B, Heine C, Bluhm H, Somorjai GA, Salmeron M. Catalyst Chemical State during CO Oxidation Reaction on Cu(111) Studied with Ambient-Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Near Edge X-ray Adsorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:11186-90. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b07451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gabor A. Somorjai
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Miquel Salmeron
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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20
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Toyoshima R, Kondoh H. In-situ observations of catalytic surface reactions with soft x-rays under working conditions. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2015; 27:083003. [PMID: 25667354 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/8/083003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic chemical reactions proceeding on solid surfaces are an important topic in fundamental science and industrial technologies such as energy conversion, pollution control and chemical synthesis. Complete understanding of the heterogeneous catalysis and improving its efficiency to an ultimate level are the eventual goals for many surface scientists. Soft x-ray is one of the prime probes to observe electronic and structural information of the target materials. Most studies in surface science using soft x-rays have been performed under ultra-high vacuum conditions due to the technical limitation, though the practical catalytic reactions proceed under ambient pressure conditions. However, recent developments of soft x-ray based techniques operating under ambient pressure conditions have opened a door to the in-situ observation of materials under realistic environments. The near-ambient-pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP-XPS) using synchrotron radiation enables us to observe the chemical states of surfaces of condensed matters under the presence of gas(es) at elevated pressures, which has been hardly conducted with the conventional XPS technique. Furthermore, not only the NAP-XPS but also ambient-pressure compatible soft x-ray core-level spectroscopies, such as near-edge absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) and x-ray emission spectroscopy (XES), have been significantly contributing to the in-situ observations. In this review, first we introduce recent developments of in-situ observations using soft x-ray techniques and current status. Then we present recent new findings on catalytically active surfaces using soft x-ray techniques, particularly focusing on the NAP-XPS technique. Finally we give a perspective on the future direction of this emerging technique.
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21
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Bordiga S, Groppo E, Agostini G, van Bokhoven JA, Lamberti C. Reactivity of Surface Species in Heterogeneous Catalysts Probed by In Situ X-ray Absorption Techniques. Chem Rev 2013; 113:1736-850. [DOI: 10.1021/cr2000898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 488] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bordiga
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Centre of Excellence, Università di Torino and INSTM Reference Center, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Elena Groppo
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Centre of Excellence, Università di Torino and INSTM Reference Center, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Agostini
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Centre of Excellence, Università di Torino and INSTM Reference Center, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Jeroen A. van Bokhoven
- ETH Zurich, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, HCI E127 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry (LSK) Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Instituteaul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Carlo Lamberti
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Centre of Excellence, Università di Torino and INSTM Reference Center, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
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22
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Khanderi J, Contiu C, Engstler J, Hoffmann RC, Schneider JJ, Drochner A, Vogel H. Binary [Cu2O/MWCNT] and ternary [Cu2O/ZnO/MWCNT] nanocomposites: formation, characterization and catalytic performance in partial ethanol oxidation. NANOSCALE 2011; 3:1102-1112. [PMID: 21183989 DOI: 10.1039/c0nr00723d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Cuprous oxide agglomerates composed of 4-10 nm Cu2O nanoparticles were deposited on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and on ZnO/MWCNTs to give binary [Cu2O/MWCNT] and ternary [Cu2O/ZnO/MWCNT] composites. Di-aqua-bis[2-(methoxyimino)propanoato]copper Cu[O2CCCH3NOMe](2)·2H2O 1 in DMF was used as single source precursor for the deposition of nanoscaled Cu2O. The precursor decomposes either in air or under argon to yield CuO2 by in situ redox reaction. Thermogravimetric coupled mass spectroscopic analysis (TG-MS) of 1 revealed that methanol formed during the decomposition of 1 acts as a potential in situ reducing agent. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the binary [Cu2O/MWCNT] nano-composite shows an increase of cuprous oxide loading depending on the precursor amount, along the periphery of the MWCNTs as well as formation of larger particle agglomerates. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of the sample shows crystalline domains of size 4-10 nm surrounded by an amorphous region within the larger particles. SEM and TEM of ternary [Cu2O/ZnO/MWCNT] clearly reveal that Cu2O nanoparticles are primarily deposited on ZnO rather than on MWCNTs. The catalytic activities of the [Cu2O/MWCNT] and [Cu2O/ZnO/MWCNT] binary and ternary composites were studied for the selective partial oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde with molecular oxygen. While using binary [Cu2O/MWCNT] (13.8 wt% Cu) as catalyst, acetaldehyde was obtained with a yield of 87% at 355 °C (selectivity 96% and conversion 91%). When nanoscale ZnO is present, the resulting [Cu2O/ZnO/MWCNT] composite shows preferential hydrogen and CO2 formation due to the fact that the dehydrogenation and total oxidation pathway is more favoured compared to the binary composite. Significant morphological changes of the catalyst during the catalytic process were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayaprakash Khanderi
- Fachbereich Chemie, Fachgebiet Anorganische Chemie I, Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Petersenstr. 18, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
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23
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Knop‐Gericke A, Kleimenov E, Hävecker M, Blume R, Teschner D, Zafeiratos S, Schlögl R, Bukhtiyarov VI, Kaichev VV, Prosvirin IP, Nizovskii AI, Bluhm H, Barinov A, Dudin P, Kiskinova M. Chapter 4 X‐Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy for Investigation of Heterogeneous Catalytic Processes. ADVANCES IN CATALYSIS 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0360-0564(08)00004-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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24
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Muhamad E, Irmawati R, Taufiq-Yap Y, Abdullah A, Kniep B, Girgsdies F, Ressler T. Comparative study of Cu/ZnO catalysts derived from different precursors as a function of aging. Catal Today 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2007.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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25
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Sakong S, Gross A. Total Oxidation of Methanol on Cu(110): A Density Functional Theory Study. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:8814-22. [PMID: 17705455 DOI: 10.1021/jp072773g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The partial and total oxidation of methanol on clean and oxygen-precovered Cu(110) has been studied by periodic density functional theory calculations within the generalized gradient approximation. Reaction paths including the geometry and the energetics of several reaction intermediates and the activation barriers between them have been determined, thus creating a complete scheme for methanol oxidation on copper. The calculations demonstrate that the specific structure of oxygen on copper plays an important role in both the partial and the total oxidation of methanol. For lower oxygen concentrations on the surface, the partial oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde is promoted by the presence of oxygen on the surface through the removal of hydrogen in the form of water, which prevents the recombinative desorption of methanol. At larger oxygen concentrations, the presence of isolated oxygen atoms reduces the C-H bond breaking barrier of adsorbed methoxy considerably, thus accelerating the formation of formaldehyde. Furthermore, oxygen also promotes the formation of dioxymethylene from formaldehyde, which then easily decays to formate. Formate is the most stable reaction intermediate in the total oxidation. Thus the formate decomposition represents the rate-limiting step in the total oxidation of methanol on copper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Sakong
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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26
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Kasatkin I, Kniep B, Ressler T. Cu/ZnO and Cu/ZrO2interactions studied by contact angle measurement with TEM. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2007; 9:878-83. [PMID: 17287882 DOI: 10.1039/b616795k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A technique of contact angle measurement was applied to the nano-scale oxide-supported metal particles. For Cu supported on ZnO and ZrO2 the angles were found to increase and the work of adhesion to decrease with increasing particle size. Such a trend is interpreted as an effect of negative contact line tension of 2.1 x 10(-9) J m(-1) and 1.0 x 10(-9) J m(-1) in the Cu/ZnO and Cu/ZrO2 system, correspondingly. For the small-sized Cu particles the apparent work of adhesion on ZnO support is higher than that on ZrO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Kasatkin
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Abteilung Anorganische Chemie, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195, Berlin, Germany.
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27
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Sum Frequency Generation and Polarization–Modulation Infrared Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy of Functioning Model Catalysts from Ultrahigh Vacuum to Ambient Pressure. ADVANCES IN CATALYSIS 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0360-0564(06)51004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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28
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Sakong S, Sendner C, Groß A. Partial oxidation of methanol on Cu(110): Energetics and kinetics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2006.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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29
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Günther S, Zhou L, Hävecker M, Knop-Gericke A, Kleimenov E, Schlögl R, Imbihl R. Adsorbate coverages and surface reactivity in methanol oxidation over Cu(110): An in situ photoelectron spectroscopy study. J Chem Phys 2006; 125:114709. [PMID: 16999503 DOI: 10.1063/1.2229198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The adsorbate species present during partial oxidation of methanol on a Cu(110) surface have been investigated in the 10(-5) mbar range with in situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and rate measurements. Two reaction intermediates were identified, methoxy with a C 1s binding energy (BE) of 285.4 eV and formate with a C 1s BE of 287.7 eV. The c(2x2) overlayer formed under reaction conditions is assigned to formate. Two states of adsorbed oxygen were found characterized by O 1s BE's of 529.6 and 528.9 eV, respectively. On the inactive surface present at low T around 300-350 K formate dominates while methoxy is almost absent. Ignition of the reaction correlates with a decreasing formate coverage. A large hysteresis of approximately 200 K occurs in T-cycling experiments whose correlation with adsorbate species was studied with varying oxygen and methanol partial pressures. The two branches of the hysteresis differ mainly in the amount of adsorbed oxygen, the methoxy species, and a carbonaceous species. Methoxy covers only a minor part of the catalytic surface reaching at most 20%. Above 650 K the surface is largely adsorbate-free.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Günther
- Department Chemie, LMU München, Butenandtstrasse 11 E, 80377 München, Germany
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30
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Poluboyarov VA, Lapin AE, Korotaeva ZA, Prosvirin IP, Bukhtiyarov VI. Effect of Mechanical Treatment on the Reactivity of Copper Powder toward Acetic Acid. KINETICS AND CATALYSIS 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s10975-005-0110-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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31
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Wang GC, Zhou YH, Morikawa Y, Nakamura J, Cai ZS, Zhao XZ. Kinetic Mechanism of Methanol Decomposition on Ni(111) Surface: A Theoretical Study. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:12431-42. [PMID: 16852538 DOI: 10.1021/jp0463969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The decomposition of methanol on the Ni(111) surface has been studied with the pseudopotential method of density functional theory-generalized gradient approximation (DFT-GGA) and with the repeated slab models. The adsorption energies of possible species and the activation energy barriers of the possible elementary reactions involved are obtained in the present work. The major reaction path on Ni surfaces involves the O-H bond breaking in CH(3)OH and the further decomposition of the resulting methoxy species to CO and H via stepwise hydrogen abstractions from CH(3)O. The abstraction of hydrogen from methoxy itself is the rate-limiting step. We also confirm that the C-O and C-H bond-breaking paths, which lead to the formation of surface methyl and hydroxyl and hydroxymethyl and atom hydrogen, respectively, have higher energy barriers. Therefore, the final products are the adsorbed CO and H atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Chang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, and the Center of Theoretical Chemistry Study, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China.
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32
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Kaichev VV, Bukhtiyarov VI, Rupprechter G, Freund HJ. Activation of the C-O bond on the surface of palladium: An In situ study by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and sum frequency generation. KINETICS AND CATALYSIS 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s10975-005-0073-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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33
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X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy as a tool for in-situ study of the mechanisms of heterogeneous catalytic reactions. Top Catal 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-005-9254-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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34
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35
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Pestryakov A, Petranovskii V, Pfänder N, Knop-Gericke A. Supported foam–copper catalysts for methanol selective oxidation. CATAL COMMUN 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2004.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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36
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Bluhm H, Hävecker M, Knop-Gericke A, Kleimenov E, Schlögl R, Teschner D, Bukhtiyarov VI, Ogletree DF, Salmeron M. Methanol Oxidation on a Copper Catalyst Investigated Using in Situ X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp040080j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Detre Teschner
- Institute of Isotope & Surface Chemistry, CRC, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 77, Budapest, H-1525 Hungary
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37
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Rupprechter G. 8 Surface vibrational spectroscopy on noble metal catalysts from ultrahigh vacuum to atmospheric pressure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1039/b313667c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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38
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Hävecker M, Mayer RW, Knop-Gericke A, Bluhm H, Kleimenov E, Liskowski A, Su D, Follath R, Requejo FG, Ogletree DF, Salmeron M, Lopez-Sanchez JA, Bartley JK, Hutchings GJ, Schlögl R. In Situ Investigation of the Nature of the Active Surface of a Vanadyl Pyrophosphate Catalyst during n-Butane Oxidation to Maleic Anhydride. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp027259j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Hävecker
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Department of Chemistry, Cardiff University, P. O. Box 912, Cardiff CF10 3TB, United Kingdom, Berliner Elektronenspeicherringgesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Materials Science Division, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - R. W. Mayer
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Department of Chemistry, Cardiff University, P. O. Box 912, Cardiff CF10 3TB, United Kingdom, Berliner Elektronenspeicherringgesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Materials Science Division, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - A. Knop-Gericke
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Department of Chemistry, Cardiff University, P. O. Box 912, Cardiff CF10 3TB, United Kingdom, Berliner Elektronenspeicherringgesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Materials Science Division, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - H. Bluhm
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Department of Chemistry, Cardiff University, P. O. Box 912, Cardiff CF10 3TB, United Kingdom, Berliner Elektronenspeicherringgesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Materials Science Division, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - E. Kleimenov
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Department of Chemistry, Cardiff University, P. O. Box 912, Cardiff CF10 3TB, United Kingdom, Berliner Elektronenspeicherringgesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Materials Science Division, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - A. Liskowski
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Department of Chemistry, Cardiff University, P. O. Box 912, Cardiff CF10 3TB, United Kingdom, Berliner Elektronenspeicherringgesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Materials Science Division, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - D. Su
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Department of Chemistry, Cardiff University, P. O. Box 912, Cardiff CF10 3TB, United Kingdom, Berliner Elektronenspeicherringgesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Materials Science Division, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - R. Follath
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Department of Chemistry, Cardiff University, P. O. Box 912, Cardiff CF10 3TB, United Kingdom, Berliner Elektronenspeicherringgesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Materials Science Division, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - F. G. Requejo
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Department of Chemistry, Cardiff University, P. O. Box 912, Cardiff CF10 3TB, United Kingdom, Berliner Elektronenspeicherringgesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Materials Science Division, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - D. F. Ogletree
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Department of Chemistry, Cardiff University, P. O. Box 912, Cardiff CF10 3TB, United Kingdom, Berliner Elektronenspeicherringgesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Materials Science Division, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - M. Salmeron
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Department of Chemistry, Cardiff University, P. O. Box 912, Cardiff CF10 3TB, United Kingdom, Berliner Elektronenspeicherringgesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Materials Science Division, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - J. A. Lopez-Sanchez
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Department of Chemistry, Cardiff University, P. O. Box 912, Cardiff CF10 3TB, United Kingdom, Berliner Elektronenspeicherringgesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Materials Science Division, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - J. K. Bartley
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Department of Chemistry, Cardiff University, P. O. Box 912, Cardiff CF10 3TB, United Kingdom, Berliner Elektronenspeicherringgesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Materials Science Division, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - G. J. Hutchings
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Department of Chemistry, Cardiff University, P. O. Box 912, Cardiff CF10 3TB, United Kingdom, Berliner Elektronenspeicherringgesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Materials Science Division, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - R. Schlögl
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Department of Chemistry, Cardiff University, P. O. Box 912, Cardiff CF10 3TB, United Kingdom, Berliner Elektronenspeicherringgesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung (BESSY), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Materials Science Division, Berkeley, California 94720
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Kaichev VV, Prosvirin IP, Bukhtiyarov VI, Unterhalt H, Rupprechter G, Freund HJ. High-Pressure Studies of CO Adsorption on Pd(111) by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Sum-Frequency Generation. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp021992t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Amorphous Vanadium Phosphate Catalysts Prepared Using Precipitation with Supercritical CO2 as an Antisolvent. J Catal 2002. [DOI: 10.1006/jcat.2002.3555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Lopez-Sanchez JA, Bartley JK, Burrows A, Kiely CJ, Hävecker M, Schlögl R, Volta JC, Poliakoff M, Hutchings GJ. Effects of cobalt additive on amorphous vanadium phosphate catalysts prepared using precipitation with supercritical CO2as an antisolvent. NEW J CHEM 2002. [DOI: 10.1039/b205704m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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