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Deckenbach D, Schneider JJ. Toward a Metal Anode-Free Zinc-Air Battery for Next-Generation Energy Storage. Small 2024:e2311065. [PMID: 38319023 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Rechargeable aqueous zinc-air batteries (ZABs) promise high energy density and safety. However, the use of conventional zinc anodes affects the energy output from the battery, so that the theoretical energy density is not achievable under operation conditions. A large portion of the zinc is shielded by anode passivation during the discharge process and remains electrochemically unused, making the operation of rechargeable ZABs inefficient up to date. In a metal anode-free ZAB, there is no unnecessary excess zinc if the zinc reservoir can be precisely adjusted by electrodeposition of zinc from the electrolyte. In this respect, an anode-free battery uses the electrolyte offering a dual-mode functionality not only providing ionic conductivity but also being the source of zinc. In addition, it is shown that a defined porous anode architecture is crucial for high rechargeability in this new type of ZAB. 3D-spatially arranged carbon nanotubes as geometrically defined host structures allow a homogeneous zinc deposition from the electrolyte. Together with carbon nanohorns as an active 2e- catalyst on the cathode side, the rechargeability of this new concept reaches up to 92%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Deckenbach
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 12, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jörg J Schneider
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 12, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
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Heinschke S, Schneider JJ. Comment on Pashchanka, M. Conceptual Progress for Explaining and Predicting Self-Organization on Anodized Aluminum Surfaces. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 2271. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:2876. [PMID: 37947720 PMCID: PMC10647230 DOI: 10.3390/nano13212876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
In the review article "Conceptual Progress for Explaining and Predicting Self-Organization on Anodized Aluminum Surfaces" [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Heinschke
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Str. 12, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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Dönges I, Büschges MI, Njel C, Schneider JJ. Gas phase synthesis and adsorption properties of a 3D ZIF-8 CNT composite. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:13725-13733. [PMID: 36004443 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02155b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The metal organic framework structure ZIF-8 has been grown directly on vertically aligned carbon nano tubes (VACNT) by a solid vapour transformation of a ZnO@VACNT composite with gaseous 2-methylimidazole. The ZnO@VACNT composite was synthesised by atomic layer deposition (ALD) using diethylzinc and water as precursors resulting in a homogeneous distribution of crystalline ZnO particles with an average size of 13 nm within the 3D VACNT host structure. The ZnO@VACNT composite was transformed to ZIF-8 by reaction with 2-methyl-imidazole (Hmim) while maintaining the 3D VACNT structure employing a solid vapour transformation reaction. Reaction time and temperature were identified as key parameters to control the generated surface area and the degree of conversion of the nanoscaled ZnO particles. 80 °C and 72 h were found to be sufficient for a complete conversion while longer reaction times result in even higher surface areas of the formed ZIF-8@VACNT composite. Surface areas of up to 1569 m2 g-1 could be achieved. Temperatures below 80 °C led to an incomplete conversion even under longer reaction times of up to 6 weeks. Finally, the CO2 adsorption properties of the ZIF-8@VACNT composite were evaluated. A composite with a 27 w% content of CNTs and a surface area of 1277 m2 g-1 shows an adsorption of 6.05 mmol g-1 CO2 at 30 bar. From the comparison with the pristine materials ZIF-8 and VACNT alone the observed overall CO2 adsorption behaviour of the composite is a combination of the behaviour of the individual components, ZIF-8 and VACNTs. Namely the typical steep rise of the ZIF-8 in the low-pressure regime with a nearly linear steady progression in the medium pressure size regime, the latter typical for VACNTs, proves that the combination of both components leads to enhanced adsorption properties of the ZIF-8@VACNT composite compared to the sole components ZIF-8 and VACNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Dönges
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss Str. 12, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - M Isabelle Büschges
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss Str. 12, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Christian Njel
- Institute for Applied Materials - Energy Storage Systems (IAM-ESS) and Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMFi), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany
| | - Jörg J Schneider
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss Str. 12, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
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Schmatz‐Engert P, Herold F, Heinschke S, Totzauer L, Hofmann K, Drochner A, Weidenkaff A, Schneider JJ, Albert B, Qi W, Etzold BJM. Cover Feature: Oxygen‐Functionalized Boron Nitride for the Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Propane – The Case for Supported Liquid Phase Catalysis (ChemCatChem 8/2022). ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Schmatz‐Engert
- Department of Chemistry Technical University of Darmstadt Ernst-Berl-Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Felix Herold
- Department of Chemistry Technical University of Darmstadt Ernst-Berl-Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Silvio Heinschke
- Department of Chemistry Technical University of Darmstadt Eduard Zintl-Institute of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Lea Totzauer
- Department of Chemistry Technical University of Darmstadt Eduard Zintl-Institute of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Kathrin Hofmann
- Department of Chemistry Technical University of Darmstadt Eduard Zintl-Institute of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Alfons Drochner
- Department of Chemistry Technical University of Darmstadt Ernst-Berl-Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Anke Weidenkaff
- Department of Materials and Earth Sciences Technical University of Darmstadt 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Jörg J. Schneider
- Department of Chemistry Technical University of Darmstadt Eduard Zintl-Institute of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Barbara Albert
- Department of Chemistry Technical University of Darmstadt Eduard Zintl-Institute of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Wei Qi
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Metal Research Shenyang 110016 P. R. China
| | - Bastian J. M. Etzold
- Department of Chemistry Technical University of Darmstadt Ernst-Berl-Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry 64287 Darmstadt Germany
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Zhang S, Schuster J, Frühauf-Wyllie H, Arat S, Yadav S, Schneider JJ, Stöckl M, Ukrainczyk N, Koenders E. Conductive Geopolymers as Low-Cost Electrode Materials for Microbial Fuel Cells. ACS Omega 2021; 6:28859-28870. [PMID: 34746578 PMCID: PMC8567353 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Geopolymer (GP) inorganic binders have a superior acid resistance compared to conventional cement (e.g., Portland cement, PC) binders, have better microbial compatibility, and are suitable for introducing electrically conductive additives to improve electron and ion transfer properties. In this study, GP-graphite (GPG) composites and PC-graphite (PCG) composites with a graphite content of 1-10 vol % were prepared and characterized. The electrical conductivity percolation threshold of the GPG and PCG composites was around 7 and 8 vol %, respectively. GPG and PCG composites with a graphite content of 8 to 10 vol % were selected as anode electrodes for the electrochemical analysis in two-chamber polarized microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Graphite electrodes were used as the positive control reference material. Geobacter sulfurreducens was used as a biofilm-forming and electroactive model organism for MFC experiments. Compared to the conventional graphite anodes, the anode-respiring biofilms resulted in equal current production on GPG composite anodes, whereas the PCG composites showed a very poor performance. The largest mean value of the measured current densities of a GPG composite used as anodes in MFCs was 380.4 μA cm-2 with a standard deviation of 129.5 μA cm-2. Overall, the best results were obtained with electrodes having a relatively low Ohmic resistance, that is, GPG composites and graphite. The very first approach employing sustainable GPs as a low-cost electrode binder material in an MFC showed promising results with the potential to greatly reduce the production costs of MFCs, which would also increase the feasibility of MFC large-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifan Zhang
- Department
of Materials in Civil Engineering at the Technical University of Darmstadt, Franziska-Braun-Straße 3, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schuster
- Department
of Electrochemistry, DECHEMA-Research Institute, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486 Frankfurt a. M., Germany
| | - Hanna Frühauf-Wyllie
- Department
of Industrial Biotechnology, DECHEMA-Research
Institute, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486 Frankfurt a. M., Germany
| | - Serkan Arat
- Department
of Corrosion, DECHEMA-Research Institute, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486 Frankfurt a. M., Germany
| | - Sandeep Yadav
- Department
of Chemistry at the Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jörg J. Schneider
- Department
of Chemistry at the Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Markus Stöckl
- Department
of Electrochemistry, DECHEMA-Research Institute, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486 Frankfurt a. M., Germany
| | - Neven Ukrainczyk
- Department
of Materials in Civil Engineering at the Technical University of Darmstadt, Franziska-Braun-Straße 3, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Eddie Koenders
- Department
of Materials in Civil Engineering at the Technical University of Darmstadt, Franziska-Braun-Straße 3, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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Büschges MI, Hoffmann RC, Regoutz A, Schlueter C, Schneider JJ. Cover Feature: Atomic Layer Deposition of Ternary Indium/Tin/Aluminum Oxide Thin Films, Their Characterization and Transistor Performance under Illumination. (Chem. Eur. J. 38/2021). Chemistry 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Isabelle Büschges
- Fachbereich Chemie Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Straße 12 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Rudolf C. Hoffmann
- Fachbereich Chemie Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Straße 12 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Anna Regoutz
- Department of Chemistry University College London 20 Gordon Street WC1H 0AJ London UK
| | | | - Jörg J. Schneider
- Fachbereich Chemie Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Straße 12 64287 Darmstadt Germany
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Büschges MI, Hoffmann RC, Regoutz A, Schlueter C, Schneider JJ. Atomic Layer Deposition of Ternary Indium/Tin/Aluminum Oxide Thin Films, Their Characterization and Transistor Performance under Illumination. Chemistry 2021; 27:9791-9800. [PMID: 34002896 PMCID: PMC8362207 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Multilayered heterostructures comprising of In2 O3 , SnO2 , and Al2 O3 were studied for their application in thin-film transistors (TFT). The compositional influence of tin oxide on the properties of the thin-film, as well as on the TFT characteristics is investigated. The heterostructures are fabricated by atomic layer deposition (ALD) at 200 °C, employing trimethylindium (TMI), tetrakis(dimethylamino)tin (TDMASn), trimethylaluminum (TMA), and water as precursors. After post-deposition annealing at 400 °C the thin-films are found to be amorphous, however, they show a discrete layer structure of the individual oxides of uniform film thickness and high optical transparency in the visible region. Incorporation of only two monolayers of Al2 O3 in the active semiconducting layer the formation of oxygen vacancies can be effectively suppressed, resulting in an improved semiconducting and switching behavior. The heterostacks comprising of In2 O3 /SnO2 /Al2 O3 are incorporated into TFT devices, exhibiting a saturation field-effect mobility (μsat ) of 2.0 cm2 ⋅ V-1 s-1 , a threshold-voltage (Vth ) of 8.6 V, a high current on/off ratio (IOn /IOff ) of 1.0×107 , and a subthreshold swing (SS) of 485 mV ⋅ dec-1 . The stability of the TFT under illumination is also altered to a significant extent. A change in the transfer characteristic towards conductive behavior is evident when illuminated with light of an energy of 3.1 eV (400 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Isabelle Büschges
- Fachbereich ChemieEduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische ChemieTechnische Universität DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss-Straße 1264287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Rudolf C. Hoffmann
- Fachbereich ChemieEduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische ChemieTechnische Universität DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss-Straße 1264287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Anna Regoutz
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetWC1H 0AJLondonUK
| | | | - Jörg J. Schneider
- Fachbereich ChemieEduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische ChemieTechnische Universität DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss-Straße 1264287DarmstadtGermany
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Hoffmann RC, Liedke MO, Butterling M, Wagner A, Trouillet V, Schneider JJ. Solution synthesis and dielectric properties of alumina thin films: understanding the role of the organic additive in film formation. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:8811-8819. [PMID: 34095921 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01439k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Alumina thin films are synthesized by combustion synthesis of mixtures of aluminium nitrate (ALN) and methylcarbazate (MCZ). The interdependence of the ratio of oxidizer and reducing agent on composition, microstructure and electronic properties of the resulting oxide layers is investigated. The dielectric and insulating behaviour is improved by addition of different amounts of MCZ (MCZ : ALN = 0.67 or 2.5). In this way films (thickness ∼140 nm) with a dielectric constant κ of 9.7 and a dielectric loss tan δ below 0.015 can be achieved. Medium concentrations of MCZ (MCZ : ALN = 1.0 or 1.5) lead to films with lower performance, though. Our studies indicate two opposing effects of the organic additive. Removal of organic residues during film formation as combustion gases is potentially detrimental. Larger amounts of MCZ, however, cause condensation reactions in the precusor mixture, which improve the microstructure. The porosity of the films can be sucessfully analyzed by positron annihilation liftetime studies. In this way the impact of the organic ligand sphere on the resulting microstructure can be quantified. Samples prepared from ALN alone exhibit mesopores and also larger micropores. In contrast, the formation of mesopores can be inhibited by addition of MCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf C Hoffmann
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 12, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Maciej O Liedke
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Maik Butterling
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Wagner
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Vanessa Trouillet
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM-ESS) and Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Jörg J Schneider
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 12, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
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Hoffmann RC, Sanctis S, Liedke MO, Butterling M, Wagner A, Njel C, Schneider JJ. Zinc Oxide Defect Microstructure and Surface Chemistry Derived from Oxidation of Metallic Zinc: Thin-Film Transistor and Sensor Behavior of ZnO Films and Rods. Chemistry 2021; 27:5422-5431. [PMID: 33241921 PMCID: PMC8048417 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Zinc oxide thin films are fabricated by controlled oxidation of sputtered zinc metal films on a hotplate in air at temperatures between 250 and 450 °C. The nanocrystalline films possess high relative densities and show preferential growth in (100) orientation. Integration in thin-film transistors reveals moderate charge carrier mobilities as high as 0.2 cm2 V-1 s-1 . The semiconducting properties depend on the calcination temperature, whereby the best performance is achieved at 450 °C. The defect structure of the thin ZnO film can be tracked by Doppler-broadening positron annihilation spectroscopy as well as positron lifetime studies. Comparably long positron lifetimes suggest interaction of zinc vacancies (VZn ) with one or more oxygen vacancies (VO ) in larger structural entities. Such VO -VZn defect clusters act as shallow acceptors, and thus, reduce the overall electron conductivity of the film. The concentration of these defect clusters decreases at higher calcination temperatures as indicated by changes in the S and W parameters. Such zinc oxide films obtained by conversion of metallic zinc can also be used as seed layers for solution deposition of zinc oxide nanowires employing a mild microwave-assisted process. The functionality of the obtained nanowire arrays is tested in a UV sensor device. The best results with respect to sensor sensitivity are achieved with thinner seed layers for device construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf C. Hoffmann
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical ChemistryTechnical University DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss-Straße 1264287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Shawn Sanctis
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical ChemistryTechnical University DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss-Straße 1264287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Maciej O. Liedke
- Institute of Radiation PhysicsHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-RossendorfBautzner Landstraße 40001328DresdenGermany
| | - Maik Butterling
- Institute of Radiation PhysicsHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-RossendorfBautzner Landstraße 40001328DresdenGermany
| | - Andreas Wagner
- Institute of Radiation PhysicsHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-RossendorfBautzner Landstraße 40001328DresdenGermany
| | - Christian Njel
- Institute for Applied Materials—Energy StorageKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein- LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Jörg J. Schneider
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical ChemistryTechnical University DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss-Straße 1264287DarmstadtGermany
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Hoffmann RC, Sanctis S, Liedke MO, Butterling M, Wagner A, Njel C, Schneider JJ. Front Cover: Zinc Oxide Defect Microstructure and Surface Chemistry Derived from Oxidation of Metallic Zinc: Thin‐Film Transistor and Sensor Behavior of ZnO Films and Rods (Chem. Eur. J. 17/2021). Chemistry 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf C. Hoffmann
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Technical University Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Straße 12 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Shawn Sanctis
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Technical University Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Straße 12 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Maciej O. Liedke
- Institute of Radiation Physics Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Bautzner Landstraße 400 01328 Dresden Germany
| | - Maik Butterling
- Institute of Radiation Physics Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Bautzner Landstraße 400 01328 Dresden Germany
| | - Andreas Wagner
- Institute of Radiation Physics Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Bautzner Landstraße 400 01328 Dresden Germany
| | - Christian Njel
- Institute for Applied Materials—Energy Storage Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein- Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Jörg J. Schneider
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Technical University Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Straße 12 64287 Darmstadt Germany
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Hoffmann RC, Sanctis S, Liedke MO, Butterling M, Wagner A, Njel C, Schneider JJ. Zinc Oxide Defect Microstructure and Surface Chemistry Derived from Oxidation of Metallic Zinc. Thin Film Transistor and Sensoric Behaviour of ZnO Films and Rods. Chemistry 2021; 27:5312. [PMID: 33538371 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Invited for the cover of this issue is Jörg J. Schneider and co-workers at Technical University Darmstadt, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf and KIT Karlsruhe. The image depicts the application of high energy generated electron/positron couples which are able to detect defects sites in semiconducting zinc oxide thin films. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202004270.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf C Hoffmann
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 12, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Shawn Sanctis
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 12, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Maciej O Liedke
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maik Butterling
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Wagner
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Njel
- Institute for Applied Materials-Energy Storage, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein- Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Jörg J Schneider
- Eduard-Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 12, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
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Bies T, Hoffmann RC, Stöter M, Huber A, Schneider JJ. Environmentally Benign Solution-Based Procedure for the Fabrication of Metal Oxide Coatings on Metallic Pigments. ChemistryOpen 2020; 9:1251-1263. [PMID: 33318881 PMCID: PMC7726677 DOI: 10.1002/open.202000223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aluminum pigments were coated with Fe2O3 and CuO by solution-based thermal decomposition of the urea nitrate compounds hexakisureairon(III)nitrate and tetrakisureacopper(II)nitrate. The deposition process was optimized to obtain homogeneously coated aluminum pigments. The growth of the surface coatings was controlled by investigation with scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and static light scattering as well as infrared, X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis. The iron precursor showed an incomplete decomposition in solution, incorporating traces of urea molecules inside the coatings while the copper precursor showed complete dissociation accompanied by in situ formation of amine complexes. The amount of organic residues resulting from ligand fragments in the final oxide coatings could be reduced to 22 % for the iron oxide and 12 % for the copper oxide by further temperature treatment in solution (259 °C). Colorimetric investigations of the obtained pigments revealed an excellent hiding power, outperforming the pigments used in current state-of-the-art formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Bies
- Department of Chemistry Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische ChemieTechnische Universität DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss-Straße 1264287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Rudolf C. Hoffmann
- Department of Chemistry Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische ChemieTechnische Universität DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss-Straße 1264287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Matthias Stöter
- Schlenk Metallic Pigments GmbHBarnsdorfer Hauptstraße 591154RothGermany
| | - Adalbert Huber
- Schlenk Metallic Pigments GmbHBarnsdorfer Hauptstraße 591154RothGermany
| | - Jörg J. Schneider
- Department of Chemistry Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische ChemieTechnische Universität DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss-Straße 1264287DarmstadtGermany
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Hoffmann RC, Trapp M, Erdem E, Kratzer M, Teichert C, Kleebe H, Schneider JJ. Cover Feature: Synthesis and Assembly of Zinc Oxide Microcrystals by a Low‐Temperature Dissolution–Reprecipitation Process: Lessons Learned About Twin Formation in Heterogeneous Reactions (Chem. Eur. J. 42/2020). Chemistry 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf C. Hoffmann
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische ChemieTechnische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 12 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Maximilian Trapp
- Institut für Angewandte GeowissenschaftenTechnische Universität Darmstadt Schnittspahnstrasse 9 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Emre Erdem
- Materials Science and NanoengineeringSabanci University 34956 Tuzla İstanbul Turkey
| | - Markus Kratzer
- Institut für PhysikMontanuniversität Leoben Franz-Josef-Strasse 18 8700 Leoben Austria
| | - Christian Teichert
- Institut für PhysikMontanuniversität Leoben Franz-Josef-Strasse 18 8700 Leoben Austria
| | - Hans‐Joachim Kleebe
- Institut für Angewandte GeowissenschaftenTechnische Universität Darmstadt Schnittspahnstrasse 9 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Jörg J. Schneider
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische ChemieTechnische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 12 64287 Darmstadt Germany
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14
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Hoffmann RC, Trapp M, Erdem E, Kratzer M, Teichert C, Kleebe H, Schneider JJ. Synthesis and Assembly of Zinc Oxide Microcrystals by a Low‐Temperature Dissolution–Reprecipitation Process: Lessons Learned About Twin Formation in Heterogeneous Reactions. Chemistry 2020; 26:9319-9329. [PMID: 31916288 PMCID: PMC7496901 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf C. Hoffmann
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische ChemieTechnische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 12 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Maximilian Trapp
- Institut für Angewandte GeowissenschaftenTechnische Universität Darmstadt Schnittspahnstrasse 9 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Emre Erdem
- Materials Science and NanoengineeringSabanci University 34956 Tuzla İstanbul Turkey
| | - Markus Kratzer
- Institut für PhysikMontanuniversität Leoben Franz-Josef-Strasse 18 8700 Leoben Austria
| | - Christian Teichert
- Institut für PhysikMontanuniversität Leoben Franz-Josef-Strasse 18 8700 Leoben Austria
| | - Hans‐Joachim Kleebe
- Institut für Angewandte GeowissenschaftenTechnische Universität Darmstadt Schnittspahnstrasse 9 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Jörg J. Schneider
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische ChemieTechnische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 12 64287 Darmstadt Germany
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15
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Stott J, Schneider JJ. A 3D-polyphenylalanine network inside porous alumina: Synthesis and characterization of an inorganic-organic composite membrane. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2020; 11:938-951. [PMID: 32596097 PMCID: PMC7308615 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.11.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Surface functionalization of porous materials allows for the introduction of additional functionality coupled with high mechanical stability of functionalized inner pores. Herein, we investigate the surface-initiated ring-opening polymerization (SI-ROP) of phenylalanine-N-carboxyanhydride (PA-NCA) in porous alumina membranes (ALOX-membranes) with respect to different solvent mixtures (tetrahydrofuran (THF) and dichloromethane (DCM)). It was found that increasing the volume fraction of DCM leads to an increasing amount of fibrillar polymer structures within the porous ALOX-membrane. A three-dimensional fibrillar network with intrinsic porosity was formed in DCM, whereas in THF, a dense and smooth polypeptide film was observed. A post-treatment with a mixture of chloroform and dichloroacetic acid leads to rearrangement of the morphology of the grafted polymer films. The analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and contact angle measurements (CA) reveals a change in morphology of the grafted polymer films, which is due to the rearrangement of the secondary structure of the polypeptides. No significant loss of the surface-grafted polypeptides was determined by thermogravimetric (TG) measurements, which indicates that the change in morphology of the polymer films is solely a result of a conformational change of the surface-grafted polypeptides. Furthermore, adsorption of a test analyte (chloroanilic acid) was investigated with respect to different polymer functionalization schemes for reversed-phase solid phase extraction applications. The adsorption capability of the functionalized composite membrane was increased from 16.7% to 38.1% compared to the native ALOX-membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Stott
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Fachbereich Chemie, Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Alarich-Weiss Str. 12, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- Nanoscience for life GmbH & Co. KG, Regerstr. 1, 65193 Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Jörg J Schneider
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Fachbereich Chemie, Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Alarich-Weiss Str. 12, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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16
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Okeil S, Yadav S, Bruns M, Zintler A, Molina-Luna L, Schneider JJ. Photothermal catalytic properties of layered titanium chalcogenide nanomaterials. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:1032-1047. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03798e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Titanium chalcogenides are valuable candidates for visible light photocatalysis at high efficiency levels. TiS2/TiO2 core shell heterostructures are able to increase this efficiency by an effective quenching of the exiton recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Okeil
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie
- Technische Universität Darmstadt
- 64287 Darmstadt
- Germany
| | - Sandeep Yadav
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie
- Technische Universität Darmstadt
- 64287 Darmstadt
- Germany
| | - Michael Bruns
- Institut für Angewandte Materialien (IAM-ESS)
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie
- D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Alexander Zintler
- Fachbereich Material- und Geowissenschaften
- Technische Universität Darmstadt
- 64287 Darmstadt
- Germany
| | - Leopoldo Molina-Luna
- Fachbereich Material- und Geowissenschaften
- Technische Universität Darmstadt
- 64287 Darmstadt
- Germany
| | - Jörg J. Schneider
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie
- Technische Universität Darmstadt
- 64287 Darmstadt
- Germany
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17
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Koslowski N, Hoffmann RC, Trouillet V, Bruns M, Foro S, Schneider JJ. Synthesis, oxide formation, properties and thin film transistor properties of yttrium and aluminium oxide thin films employing a molecular-based precursor route. RSC Adv 2019; 9:31386-31397. [PMID: 35527957 PMCID: PMC9072413 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05348d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Combustion synthesis of dielectric yttrium oxide and aluminium oxide thin films is possible by introducing a molecular single-source precursor approach employing a newly designed nitro functionalized malonato complex of yttrium (Y-DEM-NO21) as well as defined urea nitrate coordination compounds of yttrium (Y-UN 2) and aluminium (Al-UN 3). All new precursor compounds were extensively characterized by spectroscopic techniques (NMR/IR) as well as by single-crystal structure analysis for both urea nitrate coordination compounds. The thermal decomposition of the precursors 1–3 was studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry coupled with mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy (TG-MS/IR). As a result, a controlled thermal conversion of the precursors into dielectric thin films could be achieved. These oxidic thin films integrated within capacitor devices are exhibiting excellent dielectric behaviour in the temperature range between 250 and 350 °C, with areal capacity values up to 250 nF cm−2, leakage current densities below 1.0 × 10−9 A cm−2 (at 1 MV cm−1) and breakdown voltages above 2 MV cm−1. Thereby the increase in performance at higher temperatures can be attributed to the gradual conversion of the intermediate hydroxy species into the respective metal oxide which is confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Finally, a solution-processed YxOy based TFT was fabricated employing the precursor Y-DEM-NO21. The device exhibits decent TFT characteristics with a saturation mobility (μsat) of 2.1 cm2 V−1 s−1, a threshold voltage (Vth) of 6.9 V and an on/off current ratio (Ion/off) of 7.6 × 105. Transformation of a new molecular precursor allows the formation of yttrium oxide under moderate conditions displaying high voltage breakthrough behaviour.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Koslowski
- Fachbereich Chemie, Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Str. 12 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Rudolf C Hoffmann
- Fachbereich Chemie, Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Str. 12 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Vanessa Trouillet
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM-ESS), Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Michael Bruns
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM-ESS), Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Sabine Foro
- Department of Material Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Str. 8 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Jörg J Schneider
- Fachbereich Chemie, Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Str. 12 64287 Darmstadt Germany
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18
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Atanasova P, Hoffmann RC, Stitz N, Sanctis S, Burghard Z, Bill J, Schneider JJ, Eiben S. Engineered nanostructured virus/ZnO hybrid materials with dedicated functional properties. Bioinspired, Biomimetic and Nanobiomaterials 2019. [DOI: 10.1680/jbibn.18.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Petia Atanasova
- Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Rudolf C Hoffmann
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Nina Stitz
- Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Shawn Sanctis
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Zaklina Burghard
- Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Joachim Bill
- Institute for Materials Science, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jörg J Schneider
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sabine Eiben
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biological Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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19
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Herdt T, Deckenbach D, Bruns M, Schneider JJ. Tungsten oxide nanorod architectures as 3D anodes in binder-free lithium-ion batteries. Nanoscale 2019; 11:598-610. [PMID: 30556567 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr07636g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tungsten oxide nanorods were synthesized using a template assisted process. A polycarbonate membrane (pore diameter 100 nm) was vacuum infiltrated by an aqueous solution of ammonium paratungstate ((NH4)10H2W12O42·xH2O) and yielded crystalline 3D oriented WO3 nanorod arrays after template etching and calcination. By coating the nanorod arrays with carbon, a binder-free 3D WO3/C composite electrode could be fabricated, allowing capacities up to 1149, 811, 699, 559 and 253 mA h g-1 for cycles 1, 2, 20, 50 and 200 as well as a coulombic efficiency of around 99%. Moreover, as prepared WO3 nanorod structures without that specific type of carbon coating deliver capacities in a range of 200-250 mA h g-1 after 20 cycles. Finally, a full cell lithium ion battery system is fabricated. It consists of LiCoO2 nanoparticles as cathode and binder-free carbon coated 3D WO3 composite material as anode. Pre-lithiation of this 3D WO3/C composite material as pre-conditioning before full cell assembly leads to a cell capacity of almost twice of that without pre-lithiation. Discharge capacities of 111, 91, 41 and 23 mA h g-1 can be obtained for cycles 2, 20, 100 and 200 with a coulombic efficiency of around 99% in the case of the pre-lithiated 3D WO3/C composite anode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Herdt
- Fachbereich Chemie, Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 12, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
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20
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Sanctis S, Hoffmann RC, Koslowski N, Foro S, Bruns M, Schneider JJ. Aqueous Solution Processing of Combustible Precursor Compounds into Amorphous Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide (IGZO) Semiconductors for Thin Film Transistor Applications. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:3912-3919. [PMID: 30426698 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Combustion synthesis of semiconducting amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide IGZO (In:Ga:Zn, 7:1:1.5) thin films was carried out using urea nitrate precursor compounds of indium(III), gallium(III) and zinc(II). This approach provides further understanding towards the oxide formation process under a moderate temperature regime by employment of well-defined coordination compounds. All precursor compounds were fully characterized by spectroscopic techniques as well as by single crystal structure analysis. Their intrinsic thermal decomposition was studied by a combination of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry coupled with mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy (TG-MS/IR). For all precursors a multistep decomposition involving a complex redox-reaction pathway under in situ formation of nitrogen containing molecular species was observed. Controlled thermal conversion of a mixture of the indium, gallium and zinc urea nitrate complexes into ternary amorphous IGZO films could thus be achieved. Thin film transistors (TFTs) were fabricated from a defined compositional mixture of the molecular precursors. The TFT devices exhibited decent charge carrier mobilities of 0.4 and 3.1 cm2 /(Vs) after annealing of the deposited films at temperatures as low as 250 and 350 °C, respectively. This approach represents a significant step further towards a low temperature solution processing of semiconducting thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Sanctis
- Department of Chemistry, Eduard-Zintl Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 12, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Rudolf C Hoffmann
- Department of Chemistry, Eduard-Zintl Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 12, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Nico Koslowski
- Department of Chemistry, Eduard-Zintl Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 12, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sabine Foro
- Department of Material Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Michael Bruns
- Institute for Applied Materials-Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Jörg J Schneider
- Department of Chemistry, Eduard-Zintl Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 12, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
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21
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Wombacher T, Goddard R, Lehmann CW, Schneider JJ. Complete charge separation provoked by full cation encapsulation in the radical mono- and di-anions of 5,6:11,12-di-o-phenylene-tetracene. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:10874-10883. [PMID: 29893388 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01285g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis and molecular structure of the mono- and dianionic aromatic molecules [(B15C5-κ5O)2K+](LDOPT˙-) (1) and [(B15C5-κ5O)2K+]2(LDOPT2-)THFsolv (2) derived from the parent aromatic polyhydrocarbon 5,6:11,12-di-o-phenylenetetracene (DOPT, LDOPT) by a controlled stepwise one and two electron chemical reduction. The effect of single and double electron charge transfer to a polycondensed aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) without any disturbing influence of an associated metal cation has been demonstrated. This was achieved by fully sandwiching the cationic K+ counterions between two benzo-15-crown-5-ether (B15C5) ligands resulting in a fully encapsulating (κ10O) geometry which ensures a complete separation of the K+ counterions and the bare anionic PAH species [LDOPT˙-] and [LDOPT2-]. The structural changes accompanied by the stepwise reduction from LDOPT to [LDOPT˙-] to [LDOPT2-] are discussed and compared to earlier predictions based on density functional theory (DFT) as well as the results of previous studies of alkaline metal cationic PAH anion interactions of DOPT in which only a partial metal cation encapsulation has been achieved so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Wombacher
- Fachbereich Chemie, Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Alarich-Weiss Str. 12, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
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22
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Krausmann J, Sanctis S, Engstler J, Luysberg M, Bruns M, Schneider JJ. Charge Transport in Low-Temperature Processed Thin-Film Transistors Based on Indium Oxide/Zinc Oxide Heterostructures. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:20661-20671. [PMID: 29888585 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b03322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The influence of the composition within multilayered heterostructure oxide semiconductors has a critical impact on the performance of thin-film transistor (TFT) devices. The heterostructures, comprising alternating polycrystalline indium oxide and zinc oxide layers, are fabricated by a facile atomic layer deposition (ALD) process, enabling the tuning of its electrical properties by precisely controlling the thickness of the individual layers. This subsequently results in enhanced TFT performance for the optimized stacked architecture after mild thermal annealing at temperatures as low as 200 °C. Superior transistor characteristics, resulting in an average field-effect mobility (μsat.) of 9.3 cm2 V-1 s-1 ( W/ L = 500), an on/off ratio ( Ion/ Ioff) of 5.3 × 109, and a subthreshold swing of 162 mV dec-1, combined with excellent long-term and bias stress stability are thus demonstrated. Moreover, the inherent semiconducting mechanism in such multilayered heterostructures can be conveniently tuned by controlling the thickness of the individual layers. Herein, devices comprising a higher In2O3/ZnO ratio, based on individual layer thicknesses, are predominantly governed by percolation conduction with temperature-independent charge carrier mobility. Careful adjustment of the individual oxide layer thicknesses in devices composed of stacked layers plays a vital role in the reduction of trap states, both interfacial and bulk, which consequently deteriorates the overall device performance. The findings enable an improved understanding of the correlation between TFT performance and the respective thin-film composition in ALD-based heterostructure oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Krausmann
- Fachbereich Chemie, Eduard-Zintl-Institut, Fachgebiet Anorganische Chemie , Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Straße 12 , 64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Shawn Sanctis
- Fachbereich Chemie, Eduard-Zintl-Institut, Fachgebiet Anorganische Chemie , Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Straße 12 , 64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Jörg Engstler
- Fachbereich Chemie, Eduard-Zintl-Institut, Fachgebiet Anorganische Chemie , Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Straße 12 , 64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Martina Luysberg
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Ernst Ruska-Centre (ERC) and Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI) , Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße , 52428 Jülich , Germany
| | - Michael Bruns
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM-ESS) , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, B 321 , D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , Germany
| | - Jörg J Schneider
- Fachbereich Chemie, Eduard-Zintl-Institut, Fachgebiet Anorganische Chemie , Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Straße 12 , 64287 Darmstadt , Germany
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23
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Babu DJ, Puthusseri D, Kühl FG, Okeil S, Bruns M, Hampe M, Schneider JJ. SO 2 gas adsorption on carbon nanomaterials: a comparative study. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2018; 9:1782-1792. [PMID: 29977711 PMCID: PMC6009271 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.9.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their high stability against corrosive gases, carbon-based adsorbents are preferentially used for the adsorptive removal of SO2. In the present study, SO2 adsorption on different carbon nanomaterials namely carbon nanohorns (CNHs), multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) are investigated and compared against the adsorption characteristics of activated carbon and graphene oxide (GO). A comprehensive overview of the adsorption behavior of this family of carbon adsorbents is given for the first time. The relative influence of surface area and functional groups on the SO2 adsorption characteristics is discussed. The isosteric heat of adsorption values are calculated to quantify the nature of the interaction between the SO2 molecule and the adsorbent. Most importantly, while chemisorption is found to dominate the adsorption behavior in activated carbon, SO2 adsorption on carbon nanomaterials occurs by a physisorption mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepu J Babu
- Fachbereich Chemie, Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 12, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Divya Puthusseri
- Fachbereich Chemie, Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 12, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Frank G Kühl
- Fachgebiet Thermische Verfahrenstechnik, Otto-Berndt-Straße 2, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sherif Okeil
- Fachbereich Chemie, Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 12, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Michael Bruns
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM-ESS) and Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Manfred Hampe
- Fachgebiet Thermische Verfahrenstechnik, Otto-Berndt-Straße 2, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jörg J Schneider
- Fachbereich Chemie, Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 12, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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24
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Abstract
A 3D aligned MoOx/carbon composite anode displays good cycle capacity in binder free lithium ion battery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Herdt
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie
- Technische Universität Darmstadt
- 64287 Darmstadt
- Germany
| | - Michael Bruns
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM-ESS)
- D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Jörg J. Schneider
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie
- Technische Universität Darmstadt
- 64287 Darmstadt
- Germany
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25
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Okeil S, Schneider JJ. Controlling surface morphology and sensitivity of granular and porous silver films for surface-enhanced Raman scattering, SERS. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2018; 9:2813-2831. [PMID: 30498654 PMCID: PMC6244324 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.9.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The design of efficient substrates for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for large-scale fabrication at low cost is an important issue in further enhancing the use of SERS for routine chemical analysis. Here, we systematically investigate the effect of different radio frequency (rf) plasmas (argon, hydrogen, nitrogen, air and oxygen plasma) as well as combinations of these plasmas on the surface morphology of thin silver films. It was found that different surface structures and different degrees of surface roughness could be obtained by a systematic variation of the plasma type and condition as well as plasma power and treatment time. The differently roughened silver surfaces act as efficient SERS substrates showing greater enhancement factors compared to as prepared, sputtered, but untreated silver films when using rhodamine B as Raman probe molecule. The obtained roughened silver films were fully characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron (XPS and Auger) and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis) as well as contact angle measurements. It was found that different morphologies of the roughened Ag films could be obtained under controlled conditions. These silver films show a broad range of tunable SERS enhancement factors ranging from 1.93 × 102 to 2.35 × 105 using rhodamine B as probe molecule. The main factors that control the enhancement are the plasma gas used and the plasma conditions, i.e., pressure, power and treatment time. Altogether this work shows for the first time the effectiveness of a plasma treatment for surface roughening of silver thin films and its profound influence on the interface-controlled SERS enhancement effect. The method can be used for low-cost, large-scale production of SERS substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Okeil
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 12, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jörg J Schneider
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 12, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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Puthusseri D, Babu DJ, Okeil S, Schneider JJ. Gas adsorption capacity in an all carbon nanomaterial composed of carbon nanohorns and vertically aligned carbon nanotubes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:26265-26271. [PMID: 28933472 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp05022d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Whereas vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) typically show a promising adsorption behavior at high pressures, carbon nanohorns (CNHs) exhibit superior gas adsorption properties in the low pressure regime due to their inherent microporosity. These adsorption characteristics are further enhanced when both materials are opened at their tips. The so prepared composite material allows one to investigate the effect of physical entrapment of CO2 molecules within the specific adsorption sites of VACNTs composed of opened double walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and in specific adsorption sites created by spherically aggregated opened single walled carbon nanohorns. Combining 50 wt% of tip opened CNTs with tip opened CNHs increases the CO2 adsorption capacity of this material by ∼24% at 30 bar and 298 K compared to opened CNHs alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Puthusseri
- Fachbereich Chemie, Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str.12, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
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Krauß P, Engstler J, Schneider JJ. A systematic study of the controlled generation of crystalline iron oxide nanoparticles on graphene using a chemical etching process. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2017; 8:2017-2025. [PMID: 29046849 PMCID: PMC5629405 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of carbon precursors employing a metal catalyst is a well-established method for synthesizing high-quality single-layer graphene. Yet the main challenge of the CVD process is the required transfer of a graphene layer from the substrate surface onto a chosen target substrate. This process is delicate and can severely degrade the quality of the transferred graphene. The protective polymer coatings typically used generate residues and contamination on the ultrathin graphene layer. In this work, we have developed a graphene transfer process which works without a coating and allows the transfer of graphene onto arbitrary substrates without the need for any additional post-processing. During the course of our transfer studies, we found that the etching process that is usually employed can lead to contamination of the graphene layer with the Faradaic etchant component FeCl3, resulting in the deposition of iron oxide Fe x O y nanoparticles on the graphene surface. We systematically analyzed the removal of the copper substrate layer and verified that crystalline iron oxide nanoparticles could be generated in controllable density on the graphene surface when this process is optimized. It was further confirmed that the Fe x O y particles on graphene are active in the catalytic growth of carbon nanotubes when employing a water-assisted CVD process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Krauß
- Fachbereich Chemie, Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss Str. 12, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jörg Engstler
- Fachbereich Chemie, Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss Str. 12, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jörg J Schneider
- Fachbereich Chemie, Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss Str. 12, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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Schneider JJ. Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes as Platform for Biomimetically Inspired Mechanical Sensing, Bioactive Surfaces, and Electrical Cell Interfacing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 1:e1700101. [PMID: 32646166 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201700101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) are one dimensional carbon objects anchored atop of a solid substrate. They are geometrically fixed in contrast to their counterparts, randomly oriented carbon nanotubes (CNTs). In this progress report, the breadth in which these one dimensional, mechanically flexible, though robust and electrical conducting carbon nanostructures can be employed as functional material is shown and our research is put in perspective to work in the last five to ten years. The connection between the different areas touched in this report is the biomimetic-materials approach, which rely on the hairy morphology of VACNTs. These properties in connection with their electrical conductivity offer possibilities towards new functional features and applications of VACNTs. To appreciate the possibilities of biomimetic research with VACNTs, first their material characteristics are given to make the reader familiar with specific features of their synthesis, the peculiarities in arranging and controlling the morphology of CNTs in a vertical alignment as well as a current understanding of these properties on a microscopic basis. In doing so, similarities as well as differences, which offer new possibilities for biomimetic studies of VACNTS with respect to multiwalled randomly oriented CNTs, will become clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg J Schneider
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss Str. 12, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepu J. Babu
- Technische Universität Darmstadt; Fachbereich Chemie; Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 12 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Jörg J. Schneider
- Technische Universität Darmstadt; Fachbereich Chemie; Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 12 64287 Darmstadt Germany
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Sanctis S, Koslowski N, Hoffmann R, Guhl C, Erdem E, Weber S, Schneider JJ. Toward an Understanding of Thin-Film Transistor Performance in Solution-Processed Amorphous Zinc Tin Oxide (ZTO) Thin Films. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:21328-21337. [PMID: 28573850 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b06203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous zinc tin oxide (ZTO) thin films are accessible by a molecular precursor approach using mononuclear zinc(II) and tin(II) compounds with methoxyiminopropionic acid ligands. Solution processing of two precursor solutions containing a mixture of zinc and tin(II)-methoxyiminopropinato complexes results in the formation of smooth homogeneous thin films, which upon calcination are converted into the desired semiconducting amorphous ZTO thin films. ZTO films integrated within a field-effect transistor (FET) device exhibit an active semiconducting behavior in the temperature range between 250 and 400 °C, giving an increased performance, with mobility values between μ = 0.03 and 5.5 cm2/V s, with on/off ratios increasing from 105 to 108 when going from 250 to 400 °C. Herein, our main emphasis, however, was on an improved understanding of the material transformation pathway from weak to high performance of the semiconductor in a solution-processed FET as a function of the processing temperature. We have correlated this with the chemical composition and defects states within the microstructure of the obtained ZTO thin film via photoelectron spectroscopy (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy), Auger electron spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and photoluminescence investigations. The critical factor observed for the improved performance within this ZTO material could be attributed to a higher tin concentration, wherein the contributions of point defects arising from the tin oxide within the final amorphous ZTO material play the dominant role in governing the transistor performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Sanctis
- Fachbereich Chemie, Eduard-Zintl-Institut, Fachgebiet Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Straße 12, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Nico Koslowski
- Fachbereich Chemie, Eduard-Zintl-Institut, Fachgebiet Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Straße 12, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Rudolf Hoffmann
- Fachbereich Chemie, Eduard-Zintl-Institut, Fachgebiet Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Straße 12, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Conrad Guhl
- Fachgebiet Surface Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt , Jovanka-Bontschits-Straße 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Emre Erdem
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Universität Freiburg , Albert Straße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Weber
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Universität Freiburg , Albert Straße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jörg J Schneider
- Fachbereich Chemie, Eduard-Zintl-Institut, Fachgebiet Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt , Alarich-Weiss-Straße 12, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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Hoffmann RC, Sanctis S, Schneider JJ. Molecular Precursors for ZnO Nanoparticles: Field-Assisted Synthesis, Electrophoretic Deposition, and Field-Effect Transistor Device Performance. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:7550-7557. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf C. Hoffmann
- Fachbereich Chemie, Eduard-Zintl-Institut,
Fachgebiet Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 12, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Shawn Sanctis
- Fachbereich Chemie, Eduard-Zintl-Institut,
Fachgebiet Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 12, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jörg J. Schneider
- Fachbereich Chemie, Eduard-Zintl-Institut,
Fachgebiet Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 12, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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Patzsch J, Babu DJ, Schneider JJ. Hierarchically structured nanoporous carbon tubes for high pressure carbon dioxide adsorption. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2017; 8:1135-1144. [PMID: 28685114 PMCID: PMC5480323 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.8.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesoscopic, nanoporous carbon tubes were synthesized by a combination of the Stoeber process and the use of electrospun macrosized polystyrene fibres as structure directing templates. The obtained carbon tubes have a macroporous nature characterized by a thick wall structure and a high specific surface area of approximately 500 m²/g resulting from their micro- and mesopores. The micropore regime of the carbon tubes is composed of turbostratic graphitic areas observed in the microstructure. The employed templating process was also used for the synthesis of silicon carbide tubes. The characterization of all porous materials was performed by nitrogen adsorption at 77 K, Raman spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as well as transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The adsorption of carbon dioxide on the carbon tubes at 25 °C at pressures of up to 30 bar was studied using a volumetric method. At 26 bar, an adsorption capacity of 4.9 mmol/g was observed. This is comparable to the adsorption capacity of molecular sieves and vertically aligned carbon nanotubes. The high pressure adsorption process of CO2 was found to irreversibly change the microporous structure of the carbon tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Patzsch
- Fachbereich Chemie, Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 12, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Deepu J Babu
- Fachbereich Chemie, Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 12, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jörg J Schneider
- Fachbereich Chemie, Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 12, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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Alam E, Yadav S, Schneider JJ, Gambaryan-Roisman T. Imbibition of water into substrates prepared by thermal treatment of polydimethylsiloxane layers. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Metal implant sensitivity (intolerance) can cause pain, reduced mobility, loosening of the implant and skin rashes. Knowledge of differential diagnoses, histology and appropriate diagnostics are essential for proper diagnosis. To outline typical clinical signs and histology in metal-implant-associated skin lesions we present three exemplary patients from our implant allergy outpatient department and give an overview of the current literature regarding metal implant sensitivity. In patients with a negative patch test the lymphocyte transformation test may reveal metal sensitization. Even "pure" titanium alloys may contain traces of nickel. The histology of implant-associated skin reactions goes from teleangiectatic postimplantation erythema to eczema and vasculitis. Based on the synopsis of history, clinical picture, allergological testing and histology, metal implant sensitivity can be diagnosed more precisely.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hartmann
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Frauenlobstr. 9-11, München, Deutschland.
| | - V Letulé
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Frauenlobstr. 9-11, München, Deutschland
| | - J J Schneider
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Frauenlobstr. 9-11, München, Deutschland
| | - M J Flaig
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Frauenlobstr. 9-11, München, Deutschland
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Okeil S, Krausmann J, Dönges I, Pfleger S, Engstler J, Schneider JJ. ZnS/ZnO@CNT and ZnS@CNT nanocomposites by gas phase conversion of ZnO@CNT. A systematic study of their photocatalytic properties. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:5189-5201. [PMID: 28374025 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00407a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
ZnS nanoparticles have been synthesized on vertically aligned carbon nanotubes by gas-phase conversion of ZnO nanoparticles which have been tethered on vertically aligned carbon nanotubes using atomic layer deposition (ALD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Okeil
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie
- Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 12
- Technische Universität Darmstadt
- 64287 Darmstadt
| | - Jan Krausmann
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie
- Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 12
- Technische Universität Darmstadt
- 64287 Darmstadt
| | - Inga Dönges
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie
- Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 12
- Technische Universität Darmstadt
- 64287 Darmstadt
| | - Sandra Pfleger
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie
- Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 12
- Technische Universität Darmstadt
- 64287 Darmstadt
| | - Jörg Engstler
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie
- Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 12
- Technische Universität Darmstadt
- 64287 Darmstadt
| | - Jörg J. Schneider
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie
- Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 12
- Technische Universität Darmstadt
- 64287 Darmstadt
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Wombacher T, Foro S, Schneider JJ. Synthesis and Molecular Structures of the Cationic Silver Complexes of the Polycondensed Aromatics Fluorene, Pseudorubrene, and Truxene. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Wombacher
- Eduard‐Zintl‐Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich‐Weiss‐Strasse 12 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Sabine Foro
- Institut für Materialwissenschaften Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich‐Weiss‐Strasse 2 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Jörg J. Schneider
- Eduard‐Zintl‐Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich‐Weiss‐Strasse 12 64287 Darmstadt Germany
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Yilmazoglu O, Yadav S, Cicek D, Schneider JJ. A nano-microstructured artificial-hair-cell-type sensor based on topologically graded 3D carbon nanotube bundles. Nanotechnology 2016; 27:365502. [PMID: 27481641 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/36/365502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A design for a unique artificial-hair-cell-type sensor (AHCTS) based entirely on 3D-structured, vertically aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) bundles is introduced. Standard microfabrication techniques were used for the straightforward micro-nano integration of vertically aligned carbon nanotube arrays composed of low-layer multi-walled CNTs (two to six layers). The mechanical properties of the carbon nanotube bundles were intensively characterized with regard to various substrates and CNT morphology, e.g. bundle height. The CNT bundles display excellent flexibility and mechanical stability for lateral bending, showing high tear resistance. The integrated 3D CNT sensor can detect three-dimensional forces using the deflection or compression of a central CNT bundle which changes the contact resistance to the shorter neighboring bundles. The complete sensor system can be fabricated using a single chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process step. Moreover, sophisticated external contacts to the surroundings are not necessary for signal detection. No additional sensors or external bias for signal detection are required. This simplifies the miniaturization and the integration of these nanostructures for future microsystem set-ups. The new nanostructured sensor system exhibits an average sensitivity of 2100 ppm in the linear regime with the relative resistance change per micron (ppm μm(-1)) of the individual CNT bundle tip deflection. Furthermore, experiments have shown highly sensitive piezoresistive behavior with an electrical resistance decrease of up to ∼11% at 50 μm mechanical deflection. The detection sensitivity is as low as 1 μm of deflection, and thus highly comparable with the tactile hair sensors of insects, having typical thresholds on the order of 30-50 μm. The AHCTS can easily be adapted and applied as a flow, tactile or acceleration sensor as well as a vibration sensor. Potential applications of the latter might come up in artificial cochlear systems. In particular, the stable mechanical bending of the sensor up to 90° opens up unique application opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Yilmazoglu
- Department of High Frequency Electronics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64283 Darmstadt, Germany
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Malek I, Schaber CF, Heinlein T, Schneider JJ, Gorb SN, Schmitz RA. Vertically aligned multi walled carbon nanotubes prevent biofilm formation of medically relevant bacteria. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:5228-5235. [PMID: 32263603 DOI: 10.1039/c6tb00942e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A significant part of human infections is frequently associated with the establishment of biofilms by (opportunistic) pathogens. Due to the increasing number of untreatable biofilms, there is a rising need to develop novel and effective strategies to prevent biofilm formation on surfaces in medical as well as in technical areas. Bacterial initial attachment and adhesion to surfaces followed by biofilm formation is highly influenced by the physical properties of the surfaces. Consequently, changing these properties or applying different nanostructures is an attractive approach to prevent biofilm formation. Here we report on the effect(s) of surface grown and anchored vertically aligned multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), which have been made wettable by immersion through a graded ethanol series, on biofilm formation of Klebsiella oxytoca, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. We evaluated the biofilm formation under continuous flow conditions by confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and demonstrated significant inhibition of biofilm formation of all the different pathogens by MWCNT of different lengths. Furthermore, the anti-adhesive effects of the MWCNT increased with their overall length. The application potential of our findings on surface grown and anchored vertically aligned MWCNT may represent a suitable contact mechanics based approach to prevent biofilm formation on medical devices or technical sensors operating in fluid environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Malek
- University of Kiel, Institute for General Microbiology, Kiel 24118, Germany.
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Wombacher T, Gassmann A, Foro S, von Seggern H, Schneider JJ. Structural Polymorphism and Thin Film Transistor Behavior in the Fullerene Framework Molecule 5,6;11,12‐di‐
o
‐Phenylenetetracene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201601517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Wombacher
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 12 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Andrea Gassmann
- Institut für Material- und Geowissenschaften Technische Universität Darmstadt, Fachgebiet Elektronische Materialeigenschaften Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 2 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Sabine Foro
- Institut für Material- und Geowissenschaften Technische Universität Darmstadt, Fachgebiet Strukturforschung Germany
| | - Heinz von Seggern
- Institut für Material- und Geowissenschaften Technische Universität Darmstadt, Fachgebiet Elektronische Materialeigenschaften Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 2 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Jörg J. Schneider
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 12 64287 Darmstadt Germany
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Wombacher T, Gassmann A, Foro S, von Seggern H, Schneider JJ. Structural Polymorphism and Thin Film Transistor Behavior in the Fullerene Framework Molecule 5,6;11,12‐di‐
o
‐Phenylenetetracene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:6041-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201601517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Wombacher
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 12 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Andrea Gassmann
- Institut für Material- und Geowissenschaften Technische Universität Darmstadt, Fachgebiet Elektronische Materialeigenschaften Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 2 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Sabine Foro
- Institut für Material- und Geowissenschaften Technische Universität Darmstadt, Fachgebiet Strukturforschung Germany
| | - Heinz von Seggern
- Institut für Material- und Geowissenschaften Technische Universität Darmstadt, Fachgebiet Elektronische Materialeigenschaften Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 2 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Jörg J. Schneider
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 12 64287 Darmstadt Germany
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Pashchanka M, Schneider JJ. Evidence for electrohydrodynamic convection as a source of spontaneous self-ordering in porous anodic alumina films. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:6946-53. [PMID: 26881337 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07436c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A comparative study of self-ordering behaviour of anodic alumina films fabricated in a series of diluted (down to 0.05 M) oxalic acid electrolytes allowed developing a relationship between the supporting electrolyte concentration and self-ordering voltages for the formation of porous oxide materials. Besides its practical importance, this work elucidates some fundamental principles of porous alumina formation, e.g. it suggests that the cell patterning arises from the electrohydrodynamic (EHD) convection process rather than the interfacial tension gradients near the anode surface (Marangoni-type instability).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Pashchanka
- Fachbereich Chemie, Eduard-Zintl-Institut, Fachgebiet Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 12, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany.
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Abstract
Carbon materials are widely used for adsorptive removal of corrosive or green-house gases like SO2 or CO2. Graphene oxide is accessible in bulk quantities and thus may represent a viable replacement for other nanostructured carbon materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepu J. Babu
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie
- Technische Universität Darmstadt
- 64287 Darmstadt
- Germany
| | - Frank G. Kühl
- Fachgebiet Thermische Verfahrenstechnik
- Technische Universität Darmstadt
- 64287 Darmstadt
- Germany
| | - Sandeep Yadav
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie
- Technische Universität Darmstadt
- 64287 Darmstadt
- Germany
| | - Daniel Markert
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie
- Technische Universität Darmstadt
- 64287 Darmstadt
- Germany
| | - Michael Bruns
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM-ESS) and Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Manfred J. Hampe
- Fachgebiet Thermische Verfahrenstechnik
- Technische Universität Darmstadt
- 64287 Darmstadt
- Germany
| | - Jörg J. Schneider
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie
- Technische Universität Darmstadt
- 64287 Darmstadt
- Germany
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Rahimi M, Babu DJ, Singh JK, Yang YB, Schneider JJ, Müller-Plathe F. Double-walled carbon nanotube array for CO2 and SO2 adsorption. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:124701. [PMID: 26429026 DOI: 10.1063/1.4929609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Grand-canonical Monte Carlo simulations and adsorption experiments are combined to find the optimized carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays for gas adsorption at low pressures and 303 K. Bundles of 3D aligned double-walled carbon nanotube (DWCNT) with inner diameter of 8 nm and different intertube distances were made experimentally. The experimental results show that decreasing intertube distance leads to a significant enhancement in carbon-dioxide (CO2) adsorption capacity at 1 bar. The molecular simulation study on CO2 adsorption onto bundles of 3D aligned DWCNT with inner diameters of 1, 3, and 8 nm and intertube distance of 0-15 nm shows that the intertube distance plays a more important role than the CNT diameter. The simulation results show that decreasing the intertube distance up to 1 nm increases the excess adsorption generally in all the studied systems at pressures 0 < p < 14 bars (the increase can be up to ∼40% depending on the system and pressure). This is in agreement with the experimental result. Further reduction in intertube distance leads to a decrease in the excess adsorption in the pressure range 9 < p < 14 bars. However, at lower pressure, 0 < p < 9 bars, intertube distance of 0.5 nm is found to have the highest excess adsorption. This result is indifferent to tube diameter. Furthermore, molecular simulations are conducted to obtain the optimal parameters, for the DWCNT bundle, for SO2 adsorption, which are similar to those observed for CO2 in the pressure range 0 < p < 3 bars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Rahimi
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Deepu J Babu
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jayant K Singh
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Yong-Biao Yang
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jörg J Schneider
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Florian Müller-Plathe
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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Wombacher T, Foro S, Schneider JJ. High-Yielding Synthesis and Full Spectroscopic Characterization of 5,6:11,12-Di-o-phenylenetetracene and Its Synthesis Intermediates. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201501228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Rahimi M, Babu DJ, Singh JK, Yang YB, Schneider JJ, Müller-Plathe F. Erratum: “Double-walled carbon nanotube array for CO2 and SO2 adsorption” [J. Chem. Phys. 143, 124701 (2015)]. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:169901. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4935057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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Abstract
Previous research demonstrated that arrays of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) exhibit strong frictional properties. Experiments indicated a strong decrease of the friction coefficient from the first to the second sliding cycle in repetitive measurements on the same VACNT spot, but stable values in consecutive cycles. VACNTs form clusters under shear applied during friction tests, and self-organization stabilizes the mechanical properties of the arrays. With increasing load in the range between 300 µN and 4 mN applied normally to the array surface during friction tests the size of the clusters increases, while the coefficient of friction decreases. To better understand the experimentally obtained results, we formulated and numerically studied a minimalistic model, which reproduces the main features of the system with a minimum of adjustable parameters. We calculate the van der Waals forces between the spherical friction probe and bunches of the arrays using the well-known Morse potential function to predict the number of clusters, their size, instantaneous and mean friction forces and the behaviour of the VACNTs during consecutive sliding cycles and at different normal loads. The data obtained by the model calculations coincide very well with the experimental data and can help in adapting VACNT arrays for biomimetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens F Schaber
- Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute , Kiel University , Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118 Kiel , Germany
| | - Alexander E Filippov
- Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute , Kiel University , Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118 Kiel , Germany ; Department of Electronic and Kinetic Properties of Non-linear Systems , Donetsk Institute for Physics and Engineering, National Academy of Sciences , 83114 Donetsk , Ukraine ; FG Systemdynamik und Reibungsphysik , Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Mechanik , Sekr. C8-4, Raum M 122, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - Thorsten Heinlein
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Fachbereich Chemie , Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie , Alarich-Weiss-Straße 12, 64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Jörg J Schneider
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Fachbereich Chemie , Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie , Alarich-Weiss-Straße 12, 64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Stanislav N Gorb
- Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute , Kiel University , Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118 Kiel , Germany
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Hoffmann RC, Schneider JJ. Synergistic and Antagonistic Ligand Effects in the Transformation of Silver Compounds of Keto- and Cyano-Functionalised Oximates and Nitronates: A Systematic Study Using Thermal Analysis. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Atanasova P, Stitz N, Sanctis S, Maurer JHM, Hoffmann RC, Eiben S, Jeske H, Schneider JJ, Bill J. Genetically improved monolayer-forming tobacco mosaic viruses to generate nanostructured semiconducting bio/inorganic hybrids. Langmuir 2015; 31:3897-3903. [PMID: 25768914 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b00700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The genetically determined design of structured functional bio/inorganic materials was investigated by applying a convective assembly approach. Wildtype tobacco mosaic virus (wt TMV) as well as several TMV mutants were organized on substrates over macroscopic-length scales. Depending on the virus type, the self-organization behavior showed pronounced differences in the surface arrangement under the same convective assembly conditions. Additionally, under varying assembly parameters, the virus particles generated structures encompassing morphologies emerging from single micrometer long fibers aligned parallel to the triple-contact line through disordered but dense films to smooth and uniform monolayers. Monolayers with diverse packing densities were used as templates to form TMV/ZnO hybrid materials. The semiconducting properties can be directly designed and tuned by the variation of the template architecture which are reflected in the transistor performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petia Atanasova
- †Institute of Materials Science, Universität Stuttgart, Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nina Stitz
- †Institute of Materials Science, Universität Stuttgart, Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Shawn Sanctis
- ‡Fachbereich Chemie, Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 12, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Johannes H M Maurer
- †Institute of Materials Science, Universität Stuttgart, Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Rudolf C Hoffmann
- ‡Fachbereich Chemie, Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 12, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sabine Eiben
- §Institute of Biomaterials and Biological Systems, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Holger Jeske
- §Institute of Biomaterials and Biological Systems, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jörg J Schneider
- ‡Fachbereich Chemie, Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 12, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Joachim Bill
- †Institute of Materials Science, Universität Stuttgart, Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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Sanctis S, Hoffmann RC, Eiben S, Schneider JJ. Microwave assisted synthesis and characterisation of a zinc oxide/tobacco mosaic virus hybrid material. An active hybrid semiconductor in a field-effect transistor device. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2015; 6:785-791. [PMID: 25977849 PMCID: PMC4419583 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.6.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) has been employed as a robust functional template for the fabrication of a TMV/zinc oxide field effect transistor (FET). A microwave based approach, under mild conditions was employed to synthesize stable zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles, employing a molecular precursor. Insightful studies of the decomposition of the precursor were done using NMR spectroscopy and material characterization of the hybrid material derived from the decomposition was achieved using dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), grazing incidence X-ray diffractometry (GI-XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). TEM and DLS data confirm the formation of crystalline ZnO nanoparticles tethered on top of the virus template. GI-XRD investigations exhibit an orientated nature of the deposited ZnO film along the c-axis. FET devices fabricated using the zinc oxide mineralized virus template material demonstrates an operational transistor performance which was achieved without any high-temperature post-processing steps. Moreover, a further improvement in FET performance was observed by adjusting an optimal layer thickness of the deposited ZnO on top of the TMV. Such a bio-inorganic nanocomposite semiconductor material accessible using a mild and straightforward microwave processing technique could open up new future avenues within the field of bio-electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Sanctis
- Fachbereich Chemie, Eduard-Zintl-Institut, Fachgebiet Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss Straße 12, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Rudolf C Hoffmann
- Fachbereich Chemie, Eduard-Zintl-Institut, Fachgebiet Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss Straße 12, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Sabine Eiben
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, Dept. of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, University of Stuttgart, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jörg J Schneider
- Fachbereich Chemie, Eduard-Zintl-Institut, Fachgebiet Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss Straße 12, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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50
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Nowotny M, Foro S, Heinschke S, Hoffmann RC, Schneider JJ. 1,2-Dithiooxalato-Bridged Heterobimetallic Complexes as Single-Source Precursors for Ternary Metal Sulfide Semiconductors. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201402990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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