1
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Jing Y, Meng X, Chen L, Yuan C, Wei H. Modulation of Interfacial Characteristics of Copper Electrode by Electrodeposited Cu@Ti for High-Performance Anode-Free Zinc Ion Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:18888-18897. [PMID: 38570319 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Preparation of the NC-Cu@Ti electrode involved electrochemical deposition of nanocrystalline copper on the surface of titanium foil using a constant potential method, intended for high stability anode-free zinc ion battery (ZIB) anode material applications. This paper examines the effect of Cu2+ concentration in the electrodeposition solution on the structure and morphology of copper crystals on the NC-Cu@Ti electrode surface. The study also assesses how the interfacial properties of the NC-Cu@Ti electrode affect the process of anodic zinc deposition without anodic ZIBs. Our data suggest that with a voltage setting of -0.95 V and a copper ion concentration of 0.5 M in the solution, the deposition rate of copper crystals on the NC-Cu@Ti-0.5 electrode remains consistent. The resultant crystal phase surface appears smooth with a fine grain size. The NC-Cu@Ti-0.5 electrodes have increased hydrogen potentials and superior corrosion resistance; noting zinc nucleation sites at a mere 21.4 mV, it can provide stable electrochemical conditions for the zinc deposition interface of ZIBs and accelerate the process of zinc desolvation and nucleation. The constructed Zn//NC-Cu@Ti-0.5 asymmetric cell displays swift zinc deposition/stripping kinetics, elevated Coulombic efficiency, and prolonged stability (maintaining nearly 99% after 200 cycles). This performance significantly extends the service life relative to the Zn//Zn symmetric cell, which operates stably for 400 h at 1 mA/cm2. Moreover, the NC-Cu@Ti-0.5//MnO2 ZIBs offer enhanced conductivity and magnification performance to the pure zinc anode ZIBs. This study presents a novel approach for the low-cost and rapid preparation of anode materials for high-performance free-anode ZIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Jing
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road, No. 13, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Xiaorong Meng
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road, No. 13, Xi'an 710055, China
- Research Institute of Membrane Separation Technology of Shaanxi Province, Yan Ta Road, No. 13, Xi'an 710055, China
- Key Laboratory of Membrane Separation of Shaanxi Province, Yan Ta Road, No. 13, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Lijun Chen
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road, No. 13, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Changqing Yuan
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road, No. 13, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Haohao Wei
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road, No. 13, Xi'an 710055, China
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2
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Deckenbach D, Schneider JJ. Toward a Metal Anode-Free Zinc-Air Battery for Next-Generation Energy Storage. Small 2024:e2311065. [PMID: 38319023 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Rechargeable aqueous zinc-air batteries (ZABs) promise high energy density and safety. However, the use of conventional zinc anodes affects the energy output from the battery, so that the theoretical energy density is not achievable under operation conditions. A large portion of the zinc is shielded by anode passivation during the discharge process and remains electrochemically unused, making the operation of rechargeable ZABs inefficient up to date. In a metal anode-free ZAB, there is no unnecessary excess zinc if the zinc reservoir can be precisely adjusted by electrodeposition of zinc from the electrolyte. In this respect, an anode-free battery uses the electrolyte offering a dual-mode functionality not only providing ionic conductivity but also being the source of zinc. In addition, it is shown that a defined porous anode architecture is crucial for high rechargeability in this new type of ZAB. 3D-spatially arranged carbon nanotubes as geometrically defined host structures allow a homogeneous zinc deposition from the electrolyte. Together with carbon nanohorns as an active 2e- catalyst on the cathode side, the rechargeability of this new concept reaches up to 92%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Deckenbach
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 12, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jörg J Schneider
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 12, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
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3
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Müller A, Paravicini L, Morzy J, Krause M, Casella J, Osenciat N, Futscher MH, Romanyuk YE. Influence of Au, Pt, and C Seed Layers on Lithium Nucleation Dynamics for Anode-Free Solid-State Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:695-703. [PMID: 38124537 PMCID: PMC10788862 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
In the concept of anode-free lithium-ion batteries, cells are manufactured with a bare anode current collector where the lithium metal anode is electrochemically formed from the lithium-containing cathode during the first charge cycle. While this concept has many attractive aspects from a manufacturing and energy density standpoint, stable plating and stripping remain challenging. We have investigated gold, platinum, and amorphous carbon as seed layers placed between the copper current collector and the lithium phosphorus oxynitride thin-film solid electrolyte. These layers guide lithium nucleation and improve the plating and stripping dynamics. All seed layers facilitate reversible lithium plating and stripping even at high current densities up to 8 mA cm-2. Of particular note is the amorphous carbon seed layer, which allowed a significant reduction in plating potential from 300 mV to as low as 50 mV. These results underscore the critical role of seed layers in improving the efficiency of anode-free solid-state batteries and open the door to simplified manufacturing of anode-free battery designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Müller
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa—Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials
Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Luis Paravicini
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa—Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials
Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Jȩdrzej Morzy
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa—Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials
Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian Krause
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa—Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials
Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Joel Casella
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa—Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials
Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Osenciat
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa—Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials
Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Moritz H. Futscher
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa—Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials
Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Yaroslav E. Romanyuk
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa—Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials
Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
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4
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Wang J, Wang Y, Lu X, Qian J, Yang C, Manke I, Song H, Liao J, Wang S, Chen R. Ultra-Sleek High Entropy Alloy Tights: Realizing Superior Cyclability for Anode-Free Battery. Adv Mater 2023:e2308257. [PMID: 38102857 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The development of Li-free anodes to inhibit Li dendrite formation and provide high energy density Li batteries is highly applauded. However, the lithiophobic interphase and heterogeneous Li deposition hindered the practical application. In this work, a 20 nm ultra-sleek high entropy alloy (HEA, NiCdCuInZn) tights loaded with HEA nanoparticles are developed by a thermodynamically driven phase transition method on the carbon fiber (HEA/C). Multiple Li+ transport paths and abundant active sites are enabled by the cocktail effect of different constituent elements in HEA. These active sites with gradient absorption energies (-3.18 to -2.03 eV) facilitate selective binding, providing a low barrier for homogeneous Li nucleation. Simultaneously, multiple transport paths promote Li diffusion behavior with uniform Li deposition. Thus, the HEA/C achieves high reversibility of Li plating/stripping processes over 2000 cycles with a coulombic efficiency of 99.6% at 5 mA cm-2 /1 mAh cm-2 in asymmetric cells, as well as over 7200 h at 60 mA cm-2 /60 mAh cm-2 in symmetric cells. Moreover, the anode-free full cell with the HEA/C host has an average coulombic efficiency of 99.5% at 1 C after 160 cycles. This advanced HEA structure design shows a favorable potential application for anode-free Li metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- School of materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (QuZhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Quzhou, 313001, China
| | - Xiaomeng Lu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Ji Qian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chao Yang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Ingo Manke
- Helmholtz Centre Berlin for Materials and Energy, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Haojie Song
- School of materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Jiaxuan Liao
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (QuZhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Quzhou, 313001, China
| | - Sizhe Wang
- School of materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (QuZhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Quzhou, 313001, China
| | - Renjie Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
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5
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Cao D, Ji T, Wei Z, Liang W, Bai R, Burch KS, Geiwitz M, Zhu H. Enhancing Lithium Stripping Efficiency in Anode-Free Solid-State Batteries through Self-Regulated Internal Pressure. Nano Lett 2023; 23:9392-9398. [PMID: 37819081 PMCID: PMC10621033 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Anode-free all-solid-state lithium metal batteries (ASLMBs) promise high energy density and safety but suffer from a low initial Coulombic efficiency and rapid capacity decay, especially at high cathode loadings. Using operando techniques, we concluded these issues were related to interfacial contact loss during lithium stripping. To address this, we introduce a conductive carbon felt elastic layer that self-adjusts the pressure at the anode side, ensuring consistent lithium-solid electrolyte contact. This layer simultaneously provides electronic conduction and releases the plating pressure. Consequently, the first Coulombic efficiency dramatically increases from 58.4% to 83.7% along with a >10-fold improvement in cycling stability. Overall, this study reveals an approach for enhancing anode-free ASLMB performance and longevity by mitigating lithium stripping inefficiency through self-adjusting interfacial pressure enabled by a conductive elastic interlayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daxian Cao
- Department
of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Tongtai Ji
- Department
of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Zhengxuan Wei
- Department
of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Wentao Liang
- Department
of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Ruobing Bai
- Department
of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Kenneth S. Burch
- Department
of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Michael Geiwitz
- Department
of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Hongli Zhu
- Department
of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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6
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Mao M, Fan X, Xie W, Wang H, Suo L, Wang C. The Proof-of-Concept of Anode-Free Rechargeable Mg Batteries. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2207563. [PMID: 36938852 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The desperate pursuit of high gravimetric specific energy leads to the ignorance of volumetric energy density that is one of the basic requirements for batteries. Due to the high volumetric capacity, less-prone formation of dendrite, and low reduction potential of Mg metal, rechargeable Mg batteries are considered with innately high volumetric energy density. Nevertheless, the substantial elevation in energy density is compromised by extremely excessive Mg metal anode. Herein, the proof-of-concept of anode-free Mg2 Mo6 S8 -MgS/Cu batteries is proposed, in which MgS as the premagnesiation additive constantly decomposes to replenish Mg loss by electrolyte corrosion over cycling, while both Mg2 Mo6 S8 and MgS acts as the active material to reversibly provide high capacities. Besides, Mg2 Mo6 S8 shows superior catalytic activity on the decomposition of MgS and provides the strong affinity to polysulfides to restrain their dissolution. Consequently, the anode-free Mg2 Mo6 S8 -MgS/Cu batteries deliver a high reversible capacity of 190 mAh g-1 with the capacity retention of 92% after 100 cycles, corresponding to the highly competitive energy density of 420 Wh L-1 . The proposed anode-free Mg battery here spotlights the great promise of Mg batteries in achieving high volumetric energy densities, which will significantly expedite the advances of Mg batteries in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglei Mao
- School of Integrated Circuits, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xueru Fan
- School of Integrated Circuits, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Wei Xie
- School of Integrated Circuits, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Haoxiang Wang
- School of Integrated Circuits, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Liumin Suo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chengliang Wang
- School of Integrated Circuits, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
- Wenzhou Advanced Manufacturing Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 325035, Wenzhou, P. R. China
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7
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Huang B, Sun S, Wan J, Zhang W, Liu S, Zhang J, Yan F, Liu Y, Xu J, Cheng F, Xu Y, Lin Y, Fang C, Han J, Huang Y. Ultrahigh Nitrogen Content Carbon Nanosheets for High Stable Sodium Metal Anodes. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2206845. [PMID: 36793148 PMCID: PMC10104674 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Sodium metal, with a high theoretical specific capacity of 1165 mAh g-1 , is the ultimate anode for sodium batteries, yet how to deal with the inhomogeneous and dendritic sodium deposition and the infinite relative dimension change of sodium metal anodes during sodium depositing/stripping is still challenging. Here, a facile fabricated sodiuphilic 2D N-doped carbon nanosheets (N-CSs) are proposed as sodium host material for sodium metal batteries (SMBs) to prevent dendrite formation and eliminate volume change during cycling. Revealing from combined in situ characterization analyses and theoretical simulations, the high nitrogen content and porous nanoscale interlayer gaps of the 2D N-CSs can not only concede dendrite-free sodium stripping/depositing but also accommodate the infinite relative dimension change. Furthermore, N-CSs can be easily process into N-CSs/Cu electrode via traditional commercial battery electrode coating equipment that pave the way for large-scale industrial applications. On account of the abundant nucleation sites and sufficient deposition space, N-CSs/Cu electrodes demonstrate a superior cycle stability of more than 1500 h at a current density of 2 mA cm-2 with a high coulomb efficiency of more than 99.9% and ultralow nucleation overpotential, which enable reversible and dendrites-free SMBs and shed light on further development of SMBs with even higher performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bicheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074P. R. China
| | - Shixiong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074P. R. China
| | - Jing Wan
- Department of Applied PhysicsChongqing UniversityChongqing401331China
| | - Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074P. R. China
| | - Siying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074P. R. China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074P. R. China
| | - Feiyang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074P. R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074P. R. China
| | - Jia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074P. R. China
| | - Fangyuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074P. R. China
| | - Yue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074P. R. China
| | - Yaqing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074P. R. China
| | - Chun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074P. R. China
| | - Jiantao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074P. R. China
| | - Yunhui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould TechnologySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074P. R. China
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8
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Meng Y, Wang M, Li K, Zhu Z, Liu Z, Jiang T, Zheng X, Zhang K, Wang W, Peng Q, Xie Z, Wang Y, Chen W. Reversible, Dendrite-Free, High-Capacity Aluminum Metal Anode Enabled by Aluminophilic Interface Layer. Nano Lett 2023; 23:2295-2303. [PMID: 36876971 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c05077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) metal is an attractive anode material for next-generation rechargeable batteries, because of its low cost and high capacities. However, it brings some fundamental issues such as dendrites, low Coulombic efficiency (CE), and low utilization. Here, we propose a strategy for constructing an ultrathin aluminophilic interface layer (AIL) to regulate the Al nucleation and growth behaviors, which enables highly reversible and dendrite-free Al plating/stripping under high areal capacity. Metallic Al can maintain stable plating/stripping on the Pt-AIL@Ti for over 2000 h at 10 mAh cm-2 with an average CE of 99.9%. The Pt-AIL also enables reversible Al plating/stripping at a record high areal capacity of 50 mAh cm-2, which is 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than the previous studies. This work provides a valuable direction for further construction of high-performance rechargeable Al metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahan Meng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Mingming Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zhengxin Zhu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zaichun Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Taoli Jiang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xinhua Zheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Weiping Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Qia Peng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zehui Xie
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Center for Electron Microscopy and South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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9
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Wang H, Xie Z, Liu C, Hu B, Liao S, Yan X, Ye F, Huang S, Guo Y, Ouyang C. Rate-Dependent Failure Mechanisms and Mitigating Strategies of Anode-Free Lithium Metal Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:12967-12975. [PMID: 36878728 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Anode-free lithium (Li) metal batteries (AFLMBs) could provide a specific energy over 500 Wh/kg, but their cycle life requires improvement. In this work, we propose a new method to calculate the real Coulombic efficiency (CE) of the Li metal during the cycling of AFLMBs. Through this approach, we find low rate discharging unfavorable for Li CE, which is mitigated through electrolyte optimization. In contrast, high rate discharging boosts Li reversibility, indicating AFLMBs to be intrinsically suited for high power use cases. However, AFLMBs still fail rapidly, due to the Li stripping overpotential buildup, which is mitigated by a zinc coating that enables a better electron/ion transferring network. We believe well-targeted strategies need to be better developed to synergize with the intrinsic features of AFLMBs to enable their commercialization in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansen Wang
- 21C LAB, Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited, Ningde, Fujian 352000, China
| | - Zhangdi Xie
- 21C LAB, Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited, Ningde, Fujian 352000, China
| | - Chengyong Liu
- 21C LAB, Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited, Ningde, Fujian 352000, China
| | - Bobing Hu
- 21C LAB, Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited, Ningde, Fujian 352000, China
| | - Shangju Liao
- 21C LAB, Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited, Ningde, Fujian 352000, China
| | - Xiaolin Yan
- 21C LAB, Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited, Ningde, Fujian 352000, China
| | - Fangjun Ye
- 21C LAB, Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited, Ningde, Fujian 352000, China
| | - Shengyuan Huang
- 21C LAB, Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited, Ningde, Fujian 352000, China
| | - Yongsheng Guo
- 21C LAB, Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited, Ningde, Fujian 352000, China
| | - Chuying Ouyang
- 21C LAB, Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited, Ningde, Fujian 352000, China
- Department of Physics, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
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10
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Won JH, Sim WH, Kim D, Jeong HM. Densely Packed Li-Metal Growth on Anodeless Electrodes by Li + -Flux Control in Space-Confined Narrow Gap of Stratified Carbon Pack for High-Performance Li-Metal Batteries. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2205328. [PMID: 36424141 PMCID: PMC9875682 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lithium (Li) is the "holy grail" for satisfying the increasing energy demand. This is because of its high theoretical capacity and low potential. Although Li is considered as a potential anode material, dendritic Li growth and the limited electrochemical properties continue to hinder its practical application. Structure-based self lithium ion (Li+ ) concentrating electrodes with high capacity and uniform Li+ -flux are recommended to overcome these shortcomings of Li. However, recent studies have been limited to structural perspectives. In addition, the electrokinetic principle of electrode materials remains a challenge. Herein, the space-confinement-based strategy is suggested for condensed Li+ -flux control in nanoscaled slit spaces that induce the dense Li growth on an anodeless electrode by using the stratified carbon pack (SCP). The micro/mesoporous slits of the SCP concentrate the electric field, which is strengthened by the space-confined electric field focusing, resulting in the accumulation of Li+ -flux in the host. The accumulated Li+ in host sites enables a uniform Li deposition with high capacity at high current density stably. Furthermore, SCPs have great compatibility with LiNi0.8 Co0.1 Mn0.1 O2 (NCM811) cathode, representing the outstanding full cell performance with Li deposited electrode which show the high specific of 115 mAh g-1 at 4 C during 350 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Ho Won
- Department of ChemistryKookmin University77 Jeongneung‐ro, Seongbuk‐guSeoul02707Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Hyeong Sim
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Department of Smart Fab. TechnologySungkyunkwan University2066 Seobu‐roSuwon16419Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyoung Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Department of Smart Fab. TechnologySungkyunkwan University2066 Seobu‐roSuwon16419Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Mo Jeong
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Department of Smart Fab. TechnologySungkyunkwan University2066 Seobu‐roSuwon16419Republic of Korea
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11
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Huang CJ, Hsu YC, Shitaw KN, Siao YJ, Wu SH, Wang CH, Su WN, Hwang BJ. Lithium Oxalate as a Lifespan Extender for Anode-Free Lithium Metal Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:26724-26732. [PMID: 35639111 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c04693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Anode-free lithium metal batteries (AFLMBs) have been extensively studied due to their intrinsic high energy and safety without a metallic Li anode in cell design. Yet, the dendrite and dead-Li buildup continuously consumes the active Li upon cycling, leading to the poor lifespan of AFLMBs. Here, we introduce lithium oxalate into the cathode as an electrode additive providing a Li reservoir to extend the lifespan of AFLMBs. The AFLMB using 20% lithium oxalate and a LiNi0.3Co0.3Mn0.3O2 composite cathode exhibits >80 and 40% capacity retention after 50 and 100 cycles, respectively, outperforming the poor cycle life of fewer than 20 cycles obtained from the cell using a pure LiNi0.3Co0.3Mn0.3O2 cathode. Surprisingly, the average Coulombic efficiency of AFLMBs is found to improve as the amount of lithium oxalate increases in the composite cathode. This abnormal phenomenon could be attributed to the as-formed carbon dioxide after the first activation cycle forming a Li2CO3-rich solid-electrolyte interphase and improving the Li deposition and stripping efficiency. The findings in this work provide a new strategy to delay the capacity roll-over of AFLMBs from an electrode engineering perspective, which can be coupled with other approaches such as functional electrolytes synergistically to further improve the cycle life of AFLMBs for practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Jui Huang
- Nano-electrochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Sustainable Energy Development Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ching Hsu
- Nano-electrochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Sustainable Energy Development Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Kassie Nigus Shitaw
- Nano-electrochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Sustainable Energy Development Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jhen Siao
- Nano-electrochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Sustainable Energy Development Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - She-Huang Wu
- Sustainable Energy Development Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsin Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC), Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Nien Su
- Sustainable Energy Development Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Bing Joe Hwang
- Nano-electrochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Sustainable Energy Development Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC), Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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12
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Lin L, Qin K, Zhang Q, Gu L, Suo L, Hu YS, Li H, Huang X, Chen L. Li-Rich Li 2 [Ni 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 ]O 2 for Anode-Free Lithium Metal Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:8289-8296. [PMID: 33491840 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202017063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Anode-free lithium metal batteries can maximize the energy density at the cell level. However, without the Li compensation from the anode side, it faces much more challenging to achieve a long cycling life with a competitive energy density than Li metal-based batteries. Here, we prolong the lifespan of an anode-free Li metal battery by introducing Li-rich Li2 [Ni0.8 Co0.1 Mn0.1 ]O2 into the cathode as a Li-ions extender. The Li2 [Ni0.8 Co0.1 Mn0.1 ]O2 can release a large amount of Li-ions during the first charging process to supplement the Li loss in the anode, then convert into NCM811, thus extending the lifespan of the battery without the introduction of inactive elements. By the benefit of Li-rich cathode and high reversibility of Li metal on Cu foil, the anode-free pouch cells enable to achieve 447 Wh kg-1 energy density and 84 % capacity retention after 100 cycles in the condition of limited electrolyte addition (E/C ratio of 2 g Ah-1 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangdong Lin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Material and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kun Qin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Material and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Yangtze River Delta Physics Research Center Co. Ltd, Liyang, 213300, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Lin Gu
- Yangtze River Delta Physics Research Center Co. Ltd, Liyang, 213300, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Liumin Suo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Material and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Yangtze River Delta Physics Research Center Co. Ltd, Liyang, 213300, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Hu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Material and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Hong Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Material and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xuejie Huang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Material and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Liquan Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Beijing Key Laboratory for New Energy Material and Devices, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, China
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13
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Abstract
Aqueous Zn-based batteries are attractive because of the low cost and high theoretical capacity of the Zn metal anode. However, the Zn-based batteries developed so far utilize an excess amount of Zn (i.e., thick Zn metal anode), which decreases the energy density of the whole battery. Herein, we demonstrate an anode-free design (i.e., zero-excess Zn), which is enabled by employing a nanocarbon nucleation layer. Electrochemical studies show that this design allows for uniform Zn electrodeposition with high efficiency and stability over a range of current densities and plating capacities. Using this anode-free configuration, we showcase a Zn-MnO2 battery prototype, showing 68.2% capacity retention after 80 cycles. Our anode-free design opens a new direction for implementing aqueous Zn-based batteries in energy storage systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpei Zhu
- Materials Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yi Cui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Husam N Alshareef
- Materials Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Tanwar M, Bezabh HK, Basu S, Su WN, Hwang BJ. Investigation of Sodium Plating and Stripping on a Bare Current Collector with Different Electrolytes and Cycling Protocols. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:39746-39756. [PMID: 31518104 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b10097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, stable sodium plating/stripping has been achieved on a bare aluminum current collector, without any surface modifications or artificial SEI deposition. The crucial role of predeposited sodium using cyclic voltammetry on bare aluminum as a matrix for plating/stripping has been highlighted using different protocols for cycling. The predeposition strategy ensures stable and efficient cycling of sodium in anode-free sodium batteries without dendritic formations. The study highlights the difference of sodium plating/stripping in carbonate and glyme solvent electrolytes on the bare aluminum current collector. Contrary to the carbonate solvent electrolyte, the cell with the tetraglyme solvent electrolyte and sodium loading of 1 mA h/cm2 has an overpotential under 20 mV during the sodium plating/stripping cycles at 0.5 mA/cm2 for a testing period of 650 h. Overpotentials under 40 and 100 mV have been achieved at current densities up to 1 and 2 mA/cm2 for loadings up to 5 and 10 mA h/cm2, respectively, for a testing time up to 1500 h. Density functional theory simulations have been performed to obtain the solvation energies, and the highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital band gap of the solvent-sodium ion complexes for the glyme solvent electrolytes and their trends have been correlated with the experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Tanwar
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Delhi , Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016 , India
| | | | - Suddhasatwa Basu
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Delhi , Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016 , India
- CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology , Bhubaneswar 750103 , India
| | | | - Bing-Joe Hwang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center , Hsinchu 300 , Taiwan
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15
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Beyene TT, Jote BA, Wondimkun ZT, Olbassa BW, Huang CJ, Thirumalraj B, Wang CH, Su WN, Dai H, Hwang BJ. Effects of Concentrated Salt and Resting Protocol on Solid Electrolyte Interface Formation for Improved Cycle Stability of Anode-Free Lithium Metal Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:31962-31971. [PMID: 31393118 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b09551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The combined effect of concentrated electrolyte and cycling protocol on the cyclic performance of the anode-free battery (AFB) is evaluated systematically. In situ deposition of Li in the AFB configuration in the presence of a concentrated electrolyte containing fluorine-donating salt and resting the deposit enables the formation of stable and uniform SEI. The SEI intercepts the undesirable side reaction between the deposit and solvent in the electrolyte and reduces electrolyte and Li consumption during cycling. The synergy between the laboratory-prepared concentrated 3 M LiFSI in the ester-based electrolyte and our resting protocol significantly enhanced cyclic performances of AFBs in comparison to the commercial carbonate-based dilute electrolyte, 1 M LiPF6. Benefitting from the combined effect, Cu∥LiFePO4 cells delivered excellent cyclic performance at 0.5 mA/cm2 with an average CE of up to 98.78%, retaining a reasonable discharge capacity after 100 cycles. Furthermore, the AFB can also be cycled at a high rate up to 1.0 mA/cm2 with a high average CE and retaining the encouraging discharge capacity after 100 cycles. The fast cycling and stable performance of these cells are attributed to the formation of robust, flexible, and tough F-rich conductive SEI on the surface of the in situ-deposited Li by benefiting from the combined effect of the resting protocol and the concentrated electrolyte. A condescending understanding of the mechanism of SEI formation and material choice could facilitate the development of AFBs as future advanced energy storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Chia-Hsin Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center , Hsin-Chu 300 76 , Taiwan
| | | | - Hongjie Dai
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305-4401 , United States
| | - Bing-Joe Hwang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center , Hsin-Chu 300 76 , Taiwan
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16
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Lee ME, Lee S, Choi J, Jin HJ, Han S, Yun YS. Anode-Free Sodium Metal Batteries Based on Nanohybrid Core-Shell Templates. Small 2019; 15:e1901274. [PMID: 31318158 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201901274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Anode-free sodium metal batteries (AF-SMBs) can deliver high energy and enormous power, but their cycle lives are still insufficient for them to be practical as a power source in modern electronic devices and/or grid systems. In this study, a nanohybrid template based on high aspect-ratio silver nanofibers and nitrogen-rich carbon thin layers as a core-shell structure is designed to improve the Coulombic efficiency (CE) and cycling performance of AF-SMBs. The catalytic nanohybrid templates dramatically reduce the voltage overshooting caused by metal nucleation to one-fifth that of a bare Al foil electrode (≈6 mV vs ≈30 mV), and high average CE values of >99% are achieved over a wide range of current rates from 0.2 to 8 mA cm-2 . Moreover, exceptionally long cycle lives for more than 1600 cycles and an additional 1500 cycles are achieved with a highly stable CE of >99.9%. These results show that AF-SMBs are feasible with the nanohybrid electrode system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Eui Lee
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 402-751, South Korea
| | - Seunggon Lee
- Multiscale Bioinspired Technology Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | - Jaewon Choi
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 92 Chudong-ro, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk, 55324, South Korea
| | - Hyoung-Joon Jin
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 402-751, South Korea
| | - Seungyong Han
- Multiscale Bioinspired Technology Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | - Young Soo Yun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kangwon National University, Samcheok, 245-711, South Korea
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17
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Abstract
Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have been pursued as a more cost-effective and more sustainable alternative to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), but these advantages come at the expense of energy density. In this work, we demonstrate that the challenge of energy density for sodium chemistries can be overcome through an anode-free architecture enabled by the use of a nanocarbon nucleation layer formed on Al current collectors. Electrochemical studies show this configuration to provide highly stable and efficient plating and stripping of sodium metal over a range of currents up to 4 mA/cm2, sodium loading up to 12 mAh/cm2, and with long-term durability exceeding 1000 cycles at a current of 0.5 mA/cm2. Building upon this anode-free architecture, we demonstrate a full cell using a presodiated pyrite cathode to achieve energy densities of ∼400 Wh/kg, far surpassing recent reports on SIBs and even the theoretical maximum for LIB technology (387 Wh/kg for LiCoO2/graphite cells) while still relying on naturally abundant raw materials and cost-effective aqueous processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam P Cohn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Nitin Muralidharan
- Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Rachel Carter
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Keith Share
- Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Cary L Pint
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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18
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Abstract
Lithium metal has re-emerged as an exciting anode for high energy lithium-ion batteries due to its high specific capacity of 3860 mAh g-1 and lowest electrochemical potential of all known materials. However, lithium has been plagued by the issues of dendrite formation, high chemical reactivity with electrolyte, and infinite relative volume expansion during plating and stripping, which present safety hazards and low cycling efficiency in batteries with lithium metal electrodes. There have been a lot of recent studies on Li metal although little work has focused on the initial nucleation and growth behavior of Li metal, neglecting a critical fundamental scientific foundation of Li plating. Here, we study experimentally the morphology of lithium in the early stages of nucleation and growth on planar copper electrodes in liquid organic electrolyte. We elucidate the dependence of lithium nuclei size, shape, and areal density on current rate, consistent with classical nucleation and growth theory. We found that the nuclei size is proportional to the inverse of overpotential and the number density of nuclei is proportional to the cubic power of overpotential. Based on this understanding, we propose a strategy to increase the uniformity of electrodeposited lithium on the electrode surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Pei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Guangyuan Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Feifei Shi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yuzhang Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yi Cui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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