1
|
Santo JE, Lavilla-Lerma ML, Del Carmen Carcelén-Fraile M, de Loureiro NEM, Brandão-Loureiro V, Alzar-Teruel M, Ortiz-Quesada R. Associations between the severity of menopausal symptoms and musculoskeletal pain in postmenopausal Portuguese women. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2024; 165:138-147. [PMID: 38093603 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.15271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the association of the severity of the menopausal symptoms with musculoskeletal pain in Portuguese postmenopausal women. METHODS A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted on 167 women (63.85 ± 9.36 years). The Menopause Rating Scale was used to evaluate the menopausal symptoms severity, while the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire was employed to assess the localization of the musculoskeletal pain, and multi-located pain was determined if two or more body regions were affected. Depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), age, body mass index (BMI) and physical activity level were considered as potential confounders. RESULTS A greater severity of the somato-vegetative menopausal symptoms was related to the prevention from usual activities because of pain in the neck, shoulders, elbows, wrists/hands and knees (R2 of Nagelkerke = 0.064, 0.043, 0.074, 0.045 and 0.045, respectively). Associations were also observed between greater age and pain in the knees, ankles and feet (R2 of Nagelkerke = 0.036 and 0.034, respectively), and being physically inactive with upper back pain (R2 of Nagelkerke = 0.060). Higher depressive symptoms were linked to pain in the hip/thighs and knees (R2 of Nagelkerke = 0.067 and 0.085, respectively), as well as being physically inactive was related ton in the neck (R2 of Nagelkerke = 0.053). Only a greater BMI was related to multi-located pain in the last 7 days (R2 of Nagelkerke = 0.041). CONCLUSIONS The findings of our study showed that, taking into account possible confounders, greater severity of the menopausal symptoms at a somatic-vegetative level was associated with more anatomical regions with musculoskeletal pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João Espírito Santo
- Escola Superior de Saúde Atlântica, Barcarena, Portugal
- Escola Superior de Educação, Instituto Politécnico de Beja, Beja, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | - María Alzar-Teruel
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Raúl Ortiz-Quesada
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Roch PJ, Noisser L, Böker KO, Hoffmann DB, Schilling AF, Sehmisch S, Komrakova M. Advantage of ostarine over raloxifene and their combined treatments for muscle of estrogen-deficient rats. J Endocrinol Invest 2024; 47:709-720. [PMID: 37672168 PMCID: PMC10904410 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02188-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Selective androgen (ostarine, OST) and estrogen (raloxifene, RAL) receptor modulators with improved tissue selectivity have been developed as alternatives to hormone replacement therapy. We investigated the combined effects of OST and RAL on muscle tissue in an estrogen-deficient rat model of postmenopausal conditions. METHODS Three-month-old Sprague Dawley rats were divided into groups: (1) untreated non-ovariectomized rats (Non-OVX), (2) untreated ovariectomized rats (OVX), (3) OVX rats treated with OST, (4) OVX rats treated with RAL, (5) OVX rats treated with OST and RAL. Both compounds were administered in the diet. The average dose received was 0.6 ± 0.1 mg for OST and 11.1 ± 1.2 mg for RAL per kg body weight/day. After thirteen weeks, rat activity, muscle weight, structure, gene expression, and serum markers were analyzed. RESULTS OST increased muscle weight, capillary ratio, insulin-like growth factor 1 (Igf-1) expression, serum phosphorus, uterine weight. RAL decreased muscle weight, capillary ratio, food intake, serum calcium and increased Igf-1 and Myostatin expression, serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). OST + RAL increased muscle nucleus ratio, uterine weight, serum phosphorus, FSH and luteinizing hormone and decreased body and muscle weight, serum calcium. Neither treatment changed muscle fiber size. OVX increased body and muscle weight, decreased uterine weight, serum calcium and magnesium. CONCLUSION OST had beneficial effects on muscle in OVX rats. Side effects of OST on the uterus and serum electrolytes should be considered before using it for therapeutic purposes. RAL and RAL + OST had less effect on muscle and showed endocrinological side effects on pituitary-gonadal axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P J Roch
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - L Noisser
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - K O Böker
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - D B Hoffmann
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - A F Schilling
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - S Sehmisch
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Hannover Medical School, University of Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - M Komrakova
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mashouri P, Saboune J, Pyle WG, Power GA. Effects of chemically induced ovarian failure on single muscle fiber contractility in a mouse model of menopause. Maturitas 2024; 180:107885. [PMID: 38061310 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2023.107885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Menopause is associated with impaired skeletal muscle contractile function. The temporal and mechanistic bases of this dysfunction are unknown. Using a mouse model of menopause, we identified how gradual ovarian failure affects single muscle fiber contractility. STUDY DESIGN Ovarian failure was chemically induced over 120 days, representing the perimenopausal transition. Mice were sacrificed and soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles were dissected and chemically permeabilized for single fiber mechanical testing. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Muscle fiber contractility was assessed via force, rate of force redevelopment, instantaneous stiffness, and calcium sensitivity. RESULTS Peak force and cross-sectional area of the soleus were, respectively, ~33 % and ~24 % greater following ovarian failure compared with controls (p < 0.05) with no differences in force produced by the extensor digitorum longus across groups (p > 0.05). Upon normalizing force to cross-sectional area there were no differences across groups (p > 0.05). Following ovarian failure, rate of force redevelopment of single fibers from the soleus was ~33 % faster compared with controls. There was no shift in the midpoint of the force‑calcium curve between groups or muscles (p > 0.05). However, following ovarian failure, Type I fibers from the soleus had a higher calcium sensitivity between pCa values of 4.5 and 6.2 compared with controls (p < 0.05), with no differences for Type II fibers or the extensor digitorum longus (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In our model of menopause, alterations to muscle contractility were less evident than in ovariectomized models. This divergence across models highlights the importance of better approximating the natural trajectory of menopause during and after the transitional phase of ovarian failure on neuromuscular function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parastoo Mashouri
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Jinan Saboune
- IMPART Team Canada, Dalhousie Medicine, Dalhousie University, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada; Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
| | - W Glen Pyle
- IMPART Team Canada, Dalhousie Medicine, Dalhousie University, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada; Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Geoffrey A Power
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Soedirdjo SDH, Rodriguez LA, Chung YC, Casey E, Dhaher YY. Sex hormone-mediated change on muscle activation deactivation dynamics in young eumenorrheic women. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1104578. [PMID: 36960149 PMCID: PMC10029997 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1104578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of the study was to characterize muscle activation/deactivation dynamics across the menstrual cycle in healthy young women. Twenty-two healthy eumenorrheic women (age: 27.0 ± 4.4 years; mean ± SD) were tested every other day for one menstrual cycle. Serum estradiol and progesterone were quantified at the time of testing. Peak torque (PT), time to peak torque (TPT), and half relaxation time (HRT) of soleus muscle twitch were measured. Muscle twitch was elicited by delivering 1 ms width electrical pulses to the tibial nerve at an intensity that generated a maximum motor response (S-100) and at supramaximal intensity (S-120; 1.2 × S-100). The analyses were performed for each menstrual cycle phase: 1) the follicular phase to analyze the effect of estradiol while the progesterone concentrations remained at low concentrations; 2) the luteal phase to analyze the effect of progesterone with background estradiol concentrations. In the follicular phase, there was no association of estradiol for PT, TPT, and HRT. In the luteal phase, while estradiol had no association on PT, TPT, and HRT, progesterone expressed a significant association with HRT reduction but no association on PT or TPT. Also, there was a significant estradiol and progesterone interaction for HRT. However, the regression parameters are nearly zero, suggesting that the change in HRT may not have an impact on muscle performance across the menstrual cycle but implications on other women's health conditions with elevated sex hormone concentrations, such as pregnancy, may prove critical.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subaryani D. H. Soedirdjo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Luis A. Rodriguez
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Yu-Chen Chung
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Ellen Casey
- Department of Physiatry, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yasin Y. Dhaher
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Yasin Y. Dhaher,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shu H, Huang Y, Zhang W, Ling L, Hua Y, Xiong Z. An integrated study of hormone-related sarcopenia for modeling and comparative transcriptome in rats. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1073587. [PMID: 36817606 PMCID: PMC9929355 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1073587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a senile disease with high morbidity, serious complications and limited clinical treatments. Menopause increases the risk of sarcopenia in females, while the exact pathogenesis remains unclear. To systematically investigate the development of hormone-related sarcopenia, we established a model of sarcopenia by ovariectomy and recorded successive characteristic changes. Furthermore, we performed the transcriptome RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis on this model to explore the underlying mechanism. In our study, we identified an integrated model combining obesity, osteoporosis and sarcopenia. Functional enrichment analyses showed that most of the significantly enriched pathways were down-regulated and closely correlated with endocrine and metabolism, muscle dysfunction, cognitive impairment and multiple important signaling pathways. We finally selected eight candidate genes to verify their expression levels. These findings confirmed the importance of estrogen in the maintenance of skeletal muscle function and homeostasis, and provided potential targets for further study on hormone-related sarcopenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Shu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yubing Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenqian Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Ling
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Hua
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengai Xiong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhengai Xiong,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Clicker Training Mice for Improved Compliance in the Catwalk Test. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12243545. [PMID: 36552465 PMCID: PMC9774362 DOI: 10.3390/ani12243545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The CatWalk test relies on the run of mice across the platform to measure a constant speed with low variation. Mice usually require a stimulus to walk to the end of the catwalk. However, such stimuli are usually aversive and can impair welfare. Positive reinforcement training of laboratory animals is a thriving tool for refinement and contributes to meeting the demands instituted by Directive 2010/63/EU. We have already demonstrated the positive effects of clicker training. In this study, we trained male and female mice to complete the CatWalk protocol while assessing the effects of training on their well-being (Open Filed and Elevated Plus Maze). In the CatWalk test, we observed that clicker training improved the running speed of the mice. In addition, clicker training reduced the number of runs required by mice, which was more pronounced in males. Clicker training lowered anxiety-like behaviors in our mice, especially in females, where a significant difference was observed between trained and untrained ones. Based on our findings, we hypothesize that clicker training is an effective tool to motivate mice and increase performance on the CatWalk test without potentially impairing their welfare (e.g., by puffing them).
Collapse
|
7
|
Lee Y, Kim S, Kim M, Kim BS, Jeong E, Shim H, Won CW. A later menopausal age is associated with a lower prevalence of physical frailty in community-dwelling older adults: The Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study (KFACS). Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2020; 91:104243. [PMID: 32916429 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2020.104243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine whether age at menopause is associated with physical frailty. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study that included 1264 women (70-84 years) from the Korean and Aging Cohort Study (KFACS) who had records of their ages at menarche and their ages at menopause and had experienced a natural menopause. We used Fried criteria to assess physical frailty status. The ages at menopause and menarche were collected using self-reported questionnaires. RESULTS The prevalence of physical frailty decreased by 5.3 % with each year of increase in age at menopause after adjusting for age, marital status, years of education, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, polypharmacy, hospitalizations, falls, and hormone replacement therapy (p = 0.005). The prevalence of frailty significantly decreased by 4.1 % when the reproductive span increased by a year (p = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS This study found that a later menopausal age was associated with a lower risk of frailty using Fried criteria. In addition, it showed that a longer reproductive span was associated with a lower prevalence of frailty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - M Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, College of Medicine, East-West Medical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - B S Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - E Jeong
- Department of Family Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H Shim
- Department of Family Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - C W Won
- Elderly Frailty Research Center, Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Role of Menopausal Transition and Physical Activity in Loss of Lean and Muscle Mass: A Follow-Up Study in Middle-Aged Finnish Women. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051588. [PMID: 32456169 PMCID: PMC7290663 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In midlife, women experience hormonal changes due to menopausal transition. A decrease especially in estradiol has been hypothesized to cause loss of muscle mass. This study investigated the effect of menopausal transition on changes in lean and muscle mass, from the total body to the muscle fiber level, among 47–55-year-old women. Data were used from the Estrogenic Regulation of Muscle Apoptosis (ERMA) study, where 234 women were followed from perimenopause to early postmenopause. Hormone levels (estradiol and follicle stimulating hormone), total and regional body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and computed tomography (CT) scans), physical activity level (self-reported and accelerometer-measured) and muscle fiber properties (muscle biopsy) were assessed at baseline and at early postmenopause. Significant decreases were seen in lean body mass (LBM), lean body mass index (LBMI), appendicular lean mass (ALM), appendicular lean mass index (ALMI), leg lean mass and thigh muscle cross-sectional area (CSA). Menopausal status was a significant predictor for all tested muscle mass variables, while physical activity was an additional significant contributor for LBM, ALM, ALMI, leg lean mass and relative muscle CSA. Menopausal transition was associated with loss of muscle mass at multiple anatomical levels, while physical activity was beneficial for the maintenance of skeletal muscle mass.
Collapse
|
9
|
Anderson AP, Rose E, Flanagan SP, Jones AG. The Estrogen-Responsive Transcriptome of Female Secondary Sexual Traits in the Gulf Pipefish. J Hered 2020; 111:294-306. [PMID: 32124926 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esaa008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism often results from hormonally regulated trait differences between the sexes. In sex-role-reversed vertebrates, females often have ornaments used in mating competition that are expected to be under hormonal control. Males of the sex-role-reversed Gulf pipefish (Syngnathus scovelli) develop female-typical traits when they are exposed to estrogens. We aimed to identify genes whose expression levels changed during the development and maintenance of female-specific ornaments. We performed RNA-sequencing on skin and muscle tissue in male Gulf pipefish with and without exposure to estrogen to investigate the transcriptome of the sexually dimorphic ornament of vertical iridescent bands found in females and estrogen-exposed males. We further compared differential gene expression patterns between males and females to generate a list of genes putatively involved in the female secondary sex traits of bands and body depth. A detailed analysis of estrogen-receptor binding sites demonstrates that estrogen-regulated genes tend to have nearby cis-regulatory elements. Our results identified a number of genes that differed between the sexes and confirmed that many of these were estrogen-responsive. These estrogen-regulated genes may be involved in the arrangement of chromatophores for color patterning, as well as in the growth of muscles to achieve the greater body depth typical of females in this species. In addition, anaerobic respiration and adipose tissue could be involved in the rigors of female courtship and mating competition. Overall, this study generates a number of interesting hypotheses regarding the genetic basis of a female ornament in a sex-role-reversed pipefish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily Rose
- Department of Biology, University of Tampa, Tampa, FL
| | - Sarah P Flanagan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Adam G Jones
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hyatt JPK, Brown EA, Deacon HM, McCall GE. Muscle-Specific Sensitivity to Voluntary Physical Activity and Detraining. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1328. [PMID: 31708796 PMCID: PMC6819312 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic physical activity triggers adaptations in skeletal muscle including a fast-to-slow shift in myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms, an enhanced capillary network, and mitochondrial biogenesis to meet increased demands placed upon this tissue. Although the magnitude of these responses appears to be dependent on muscle phenotype as well as training volume and/or intensity, the whole-muscle response to detraining remains mostly unexplored. Here, we hypothesized that the shifts toward slower MHC phentotype and the increased capillarity and mitochondrial oxidative markers induced with training would return toward sedentary (SED) control levels sooner in the fast plantaris than in the slow soleus muscle as a result of detraining. Soleus and plantaris muscles from 8-week (TR 8wk) voluntarily running adult female Sprague–Dawley rats were compared to muscles from SED and detrained rats (DETR) (4 weeks voluntary running followed by 4 weeks of reduced activity), which were subdivided into low- (DETR Lo) and high-running-distance (DETR Hi) groups. We show that maintaining the fast-to-slow MHC isoform shift required consistent aerobic training in the soleus and plantaris muscles: detraining clearly abolished any fast-to-slow gains in the plantaris, whereas the training volume in DETR Hi rats appeared to influence the MHC return to basal levels in the soleus. Total capillary number (per mm2) in the plantaris increased in all groups compared to SED levels, but, in the soleus, this enhancement was observed only in the TR 8wk rats. Generally, increased mitochondrial markers for aerobicitiy were observed in TR 8wk plantaris, but not soleus, muscles. In a second experiment, we show that the muscle-specific adaptations were similar after 4 weeks of voluntary exercise (TR 4wk) as in 4 weeks (TR 8wk). Taken together, our findings suggest that the plantaris muscle is more sensitive to voluntary physical activity and detraining than the soleus muscle; these results also demonstrate that the soleus muscle requires a greater aerobic challenge (i.e., intensity, duration) to trigger phenotypic, angiogenic, or aerobic enzyme adaptations. Our findings generally suggest that muscular aerobic fitness to voluntary running, or its loss during detraining, manifests as changes occurring primarily within fast, rather than slow, muscle phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jon-Philippe K Hyatt
- College of Integrative Sciences and Arts, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Emily A Brown
- Department of Exercise Science, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, WA, United States
| | - Hannah M Deacon
- College of Integrative Sciences and Arts, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Gary E McCall
- Department of Exercise Science, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, WA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gender differences for frailty in HIV-infected patients on stable antiretroviral therapy and with an undetectable viral load. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215764. [PMID: 31071105 PMCID: PMC6508723 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with HIV infection suffer from accelerated aging. In this context, frailty could be a relevant problem that aggravates the quality of life (QoL) and morbi-mortality of these patients. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of frailty and pre-frailty in HIV-infected patients in our cohort as well as their risk factors and QoL. Methods This was a prospective cross-sectional study of HIV-infected people aged ≥18 years on a stable antiretroviral regimen (ART) ≥1 year. Frailty was defined by ≥3 of 5 Fried's criteria: weight loss, low physical activity, exhaustion, weak grip strength and slow walking time. Variables related to sociodemographics, HIV infection, comorbidities, polypharmacy, and QoL were evaluated. Independent predictors of frailty were evaluated using collinearity in a multivariate logistic regression analyses (backward stepwise elimination). Results The 248 people studied has a mean age of 49 years, 63.7% were male, and 81% were Caucasian. The prevalence of pre-frailty and fragility was 39.1% and 4.4%, respectively. The main route of HIV acquisition was heterosexual (47.2%). At the inclusion time 26.6% of the patients had AIDS events, 60.9% were anti-HCV negative, and 91.5% had HIV RNA <50 copies/mL (84.3% for ≥1 year); 10.9% had >2 comorbidities, and 13.3% were receiving >5 non-HIV drugs. Frailty patients had a higher age (p 0.006), more sensitive deficits (visual or auditory) (p 0.002), a greater number of falls during the previous year (p 0.0001), a higher Charlson comorbidity index (p 0.001), and a higher VACS index (p 0.001). All comorbidities, excluding bone and liver, were significantly more frequent in fragile patients. The presence of >2 comorbidities and treatment with >5 drugs not related to HIV they were also more frequent in frail patienst (p 0.0001 and p 0.004, respectively). Independent predictors of pre-frailty/frailty in the multivariable analysis differ in men (VACS index, C-reactive protein [CRP], and falls) and women (CRP, AIDS, and menopause). Patients with pre-frailty/frailty had some indicator of a lower QoL. Conclusion Factors associated with pre-frailty/frailty in HIV-infected patients differ by gender, which should be considered when establishing measures for prevention. The role of menopause in the risk of pre-frailty/frailty warrants further investigations.
Collapse
|
12
|
Lenell C, Sandage MJ, Johnson AM. A Tutorial of the Effects of Sex Hormones on Laryngeal Senescence and Neuromuscular Response to Exercise. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2019; 62:602-610. [PMID: 30950744 PMCID: PMC6802894 DOI: 10.1044/2018_jslhr-s-18-0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this tutorial is to summarize how sex hormones affect both laryngeal senescence and neuromuscular response to exercise, highlighting the importance of considering sex differences in developing treatment for the senescent voice. Conclusion Men and women's voices are sexually dimorphic throughout the life span, including during the laryngeal adaptations observed during senescence. Therefore, presbyphonia (age-related dysphonia) likely clinically manifests differently for men and women due to differences in how the male and the female larynx change in response to aging. Because sexual dimorphism is evident in both laryngeal aging and response to exercise, voice therapy programs aimed at treating the typical and disordered aged voice should consider sex differences in their design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Lenell
- Department of Communicative Sciences and Disorders, New York University, New York
| | - Mary J. Sandage
- Department of Communication Disorders, Auburn University, AL
| | - Aaron M. Johnson
- Department of Communicative Sciences and Disorders, New York University, New York
- New York University Voice Center, Department of Otolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cabelka CA, Baumann CW, Collins BC, Nash N, Le G, Lindsay A, Spangenburg EE, Lowe DA. Effects of ovarian hormones and estrogen receptor α on physical activity and skeletal muscle fatigue in female mice. Exp Gerontol 2018; 115:155-164. [PMID: 30415069 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Menopause is associated with declines in physical activity and skeletal muscle strength. Physical activity is also reduced in rodents after ovariectomy (OVX) and whole-body estrogen receptor α (ERα) knockout. However, it is unclear if the effects are estradiol (E2) specific. Thus, the overall purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the ovarian hormones, E2 and progesterone (P4), and skeletal muscle ERα (skmERα) on physical activity and skeletal muscle contractility in female mice. METHODS Study 1: Forty female C57Bl/6J mice were given free access to running wheels for 2 weeks to assess baseline running and randomized into 4 treatment groups: OVX, OVX + E2, OVX + P4, OVX + E2 + P4. All mice underwent OVX, returned to wheels for 2 weeks, received hormone pellet implants and returned to running wheels for 6 weeks, after which soleus muscle contractility testing was completed. Study 2: Thirty-two skeletal muscle specific ERα knock-out (skmERαKO) mice and wildtype (WT) littermates were randomized into 4 groups: skmERαKO-Run, skmERαWT-Run, skmERαKO-Sed, and skmERαWT-Sed. Run mice were given free access to wheels for 20 wk and sedentary (Sed) mice maintained normal cage activities. At the end point, muscle contractility was tested. RESULTS Study 1: OVX + E2 + P4 group ran greater distances than both the OVX and OVX + P4 groups (p ≤ 0.009). After fatiguing contractions, soleus muscles of the OVX + E2 + P4 group maintained greater submaximal force than those of other groups (p = 0.023). Immediately after the fatiguing contractions, OVX + E2 + P4 muscles had greater maximal force production than the OVX + E2 group (p = 0.027). Study 2: There were no differences in running distance between skmERαWT and skmERαKO mice (p = 0.240). Soleus muscles of skmERαKO mice were more fatigable (p < 0.001) and did not recover force as well as skmERαWT mice (p < 0.001). In vivo isometric, concentric and eccentric torque was decreased in skmERαKO mice compared to skmERαWT mice (p ≤ 0.029). CONCLUSIONS Combined treatment of E2 + P4 in OVX mice restored physical activity, predominantly driven by E2, and protected soleus muscles against fatigue. Muscle of skmERαKO mice was weak regardless of physical activity. Although 20 wk of wheel running partially prevented force loss during fatigue in skmERαKO mice, force production during recovery remained low, indicating that estradiol functions through ERα in skeletal muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine A Cabelka
- Divisions of Rehabilitation Science and Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; MMC 388, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Cory W Baumann
- Divisions of Rehabilitation Science and Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; MMC 388, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Brittany C Collins
- Divisions of Rehabilitation Science and Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; MMC 388, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Nardina Nash
- Divisions of Rehabilitation Science and Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; MMC 388, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Gengyun Le
- Divisions of Rehabilitation Science and Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; MMC 388, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Angus Lindsay
- Divisions of Rehabilitation Science and Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; MMC 388, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Department of Biochemistry Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, 420 Washington Ave SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Espen E Spangenburg
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, 115 Heart Drive, ECHI - Mail Stop 743, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Dawn A Lowe
- Divisions of Rehabilitation Science and Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; MMC 388, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Osawa Y, Studenski SA, Ferrucci L. Knee extension rate of torque development and peak torque: associations with lower extremity function. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2018; 9:530-539. [PMID: 29569834 PMCID: PMC5989739 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With aging, the ability to generate muscle force decreases, contributing to declines in physical functions such as walking. While most studies assess muscle force by peak torque, the rate of torque development (RTD) reflects a dynamic component of muscle performance that is important for physical function. Using data from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, we assessed whether RTD adds significantly to peak torque in associations with lower extremity performance. If so, RTD may help identify weak older adults for screening and intervention. METHODS We assessed associations of RTD and peak torque with physical performance independent of demographics, BMI, body composition, and each other in 1089 Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging participants (49.7% women; aged 26 to 96 years; women, 64.0 ± 13.8 years; men, 68.4 ± 14.4 years). Peak torque was assessed by isometric and 30 deg/s isokinetic knee extension tests. Peak RTD was operationalized as the maximum torque-time slope among successive 50 ms epochs over the first 3 s of a test of knee extension isometric strength, with the knee joint positioned at 120 deg of flexion. A battery of lower extremity performance tests included gait speed during a 6 m walk at usual and fast pace (6 m usual and fast), time to complete a 400 m walk at fast pace (400 m), distance covered in a 2.5 min walk at normal pace (2.5 min), time to complete 5 and 10 chair stands, and two summary tests of lower extremity performance. Sex-stratified generalized linear regression models were adjusted for age, race, BMI, appendicular lean mass, and whole body fat mass. RESULTS In men, independent of either measure of peak torque and cofactors, RTD was a significant (P < 0.05) predictor of all lower extremity performance tests except the 400 m and 2.5 min walks. In women, independent of peak torque, RTD was only a significant independent correlate of the 6 m fast walk (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS RTD independently contributes to physical functions in men but less in women. The mechanisms underlying the sex difference are unclear and require further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Osawa
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie A Studenski
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rissatto Sierra L, Fávaro G, Cerri BR, Rocha LC, de Yokomizo de Almeida SR, Watanabe IS, Ciena AP. Myotendinous junction plasticity in aged ovariectomized rats submitted to aquatic training. Microsc Res Tech 2018; 81:816-822. [PMID: 29689628 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The study aims to describe the tissue plasticity of MTJ through the morphological analysis of MTJ soleus in ovariectomized aged female Wistar rats submitted to aquatic training. Forty aged Wistar rats, 1 year and 2 months of age, were divided into four groups: sedentary (S), trained (T), ovariectomized (O), and trained/ovariectomized (OT). Employing the transmission electron microscopy, the ultrastructural and morphometric elements were revealed. In the S group, changes in morphological characteristics as a consequence of the aging process were seen, demonstrated by the conical shape of the muscle cell extremity, a large area with collagen deposit, and misalignment of sarcomeres in series. The T group presented ample adjustments when revealed the organization of MTJ, through the increase of the contact area and greater lengths of sarcoplasmatic invaginations and evaginations. The O group revealed extensive tissue disorganization with muscle atrophy, reduction of MTJ contact area, and consequently, changes in sarcoplasmatic invaginations and evaginations. The OT group demonstrated extensive remodeling with restructuring MTJ through the increase of tissue contact area, extensive organization, parallel arrangement, and increased length of sarcoplasmatic invaginations and evaginations. The distal sarcomeres presented higher lengths compared to the proximal sarcomeres in both the groups. We conclude that aquatic training was effective in the organization and structural remodeling of the myotendinous interface of ovariectomized aged rats. There was a greater area of contact, and consequently, greater resistance in the myotendinous interface promoting a lower predisposition to injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luan Rissatto Sierra
- Department of Physical Education, Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity-"LAMAF", University State of São Paulo "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"-UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brasil
| | - Gabriel Fávaro
- Department of Physical Education, Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity-"LAMAF", University State of São Paulo "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"-UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brasil
| | - Bruno Rubin Cerri
- Department of Physical Education, Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity-"LAMAF", University State of São Paulo "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"-UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brasil
| | - Lara Caetano Rocha
- Department of Physical Education, Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity-"LAMAF", University State of São Paulo "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"-UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Ii-Sei Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, ICB-III, University of São Paulo-USP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Adriano Polican Ciena
- Department of Physical Education, Laboratory of Morphology and Physical Activity-"LAMAF", University State of São Paulo "Júlio de Mesquita Filho"-UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pain is a common complaint among postmenopausal women. It has been postulated that vascular dysfunction caused by estrogen decline at menopause plays a key role in the initiation and progression of degradative joint disease, namely age-related osteoarthritis. We evaluated whether supplementation with resveratrol, a phytoestrogen, could improve aspects of well-being such as chronic pain that is commonly experienced by postmenopausal women. METHODS A 14-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention with trans-resveratrol (75 mg, twice daily) was conducted in 80 healthy postmenopausal women. Aspects of well-being, including pain, menopausal symptoms, sleep quality, depressive symptoms, mood states, and quality of life were assessed by Short form-36 at baseline and at the end of treatment. Rating scales were averaged to provide a composite score representing overall well-being. Cerebral vasodilator responsiveness to hypercapnia was also assessed as a surrogate marker for cerebrovascular function. RESULTS Compared with placebo treatment, there was a significant reduction in pain and an improvement in total well-being after resveratrol supplementation. Both benefits, including measures of quality of life, correlated with improvements in cerebrovascular function. CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary findings indicate potential for resveratrol treatment to reduce chronic pain in age-related osteoarthritis. Resveratrol consumption may also boost perceptions of well-being in postmenopausal women. Further investigation to elucidate underlying mechanisms is warranted.
Collapse
|
17
|
White Z, Terrill J, White RB, McMahon C, Sheard P, Grounds MD, Shavlakadze T. Voluntary resistance wheel exercise from mid-life prevents sarcopenia and increases markers of mitochondrial function and autophagy in muscles of old male and female C57BL/6J mice. Skelet Muscle 2016; 6:45. [PMID: 27964759 PMCID: PMC5155391 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-016-0117-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is much interest in the capacity of resistance exercise to prevent the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, known as sarcopenia. This study investigates the molecular basis underlying the benefits of resistance exercise in aging C57BL/6J mice of both sexes. Results This study is the first to demonstrate that long-term (34 weeks) voluntary resistance wheel exercise (RWE) initiated at middle age, from 15 months, prevents sarcopenia in selected hindlimb muscles and causes hypertrophy in soleus, by 23 months of age in both male and female C57BL/6J mice. Compared with 23-month-old sedentary (SED) controls, RWE (0–6 g of resistance) increased intramuscular mitochondrial density and oxidative capacity (measured by citrate synthase and NADH-TR) and increased LC3II/I ratios (a marker of autophagy) in exercised mice of both sexes. RWE also reduced mRNA expression of Gadd45α (males only) and Runx1 (females only) but had no effect on other markers of denervation including Chrng, Chrnd, Musk, and Myog. RWE increased heart mass in all mice, with a more pronounced increase in females. Significant sex differences were also noted among SED mice, with Murf1 mRNA levels increasing in male, but decreasing in old female mice between 15 and 23 months. Conclusions Overall, long-term RWE initiated from 15 month of age significantly improved some markers of the mitochondrial and autophagosomal pathways and prevented age-related muscle wasting. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13395-016-0117-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoe White
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia (UWA), 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.,Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, UWA and Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Crawley, 6009, WA, Australia
| | - Jessica Terrill
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia (UWA), 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UWA, Crawley, 6009, WA, Australia
| | - Robert B White
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia (UWA), 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | | | - Phillip Sheard
- Department of Physiology, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9010, New Zealand
| | - Miranda D Grounds
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia (UWA), 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Tea Shavlakadze
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia (UWA), 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Park YM, Kanaley JA, Padilla J, Zidon T, Welly RJ, Will MJ, Britton SL, Koch LG, Ruegsegger GN, Booth FW, Thyfault JP, Vieira-Potter VJ. Effects of intrinsic aerobic capacity and ovariectomy on voluntary wheel running and nucleus accumbens dopamine receptor gene expression. Physiol Behav 2016; 164:383-9. [PMID: 27297873 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Rats selectively bred for high (HCR) and low (LCR) aerobic capacity show a stark divergence in wheel running behavior, which may be associated with the dopamine (DA) system in the brain. HCR possess greater motivation for voluntary running along with greater brain DA activity compared to LCR. We recently demonstrated that HCR are not immune to ovariectomy (OVX)-associated reductions in spontaneous cage (i.e. locomotor) activity. Whether HCR and LCR rats differ in their OVX-mediated voluntary wheel running response is unknown. PURPOSE To determine whether HCR are protected from OVX-associated reduction in voluntary wheel running. METHODS Forty female HCR and LCR rats (age ~27weeks) had either SHM or OVX operations, and given access to a running wheel for 11weeks. Weekly wheel running distance was monitored throughout the intervention. Nucleus accumbens (NAc) was assessed for mRNA expression of DA receptors at sacrifice. RESULTS Compared to LCR, HCR ran greater distance and had greater ratio of excitatory/inhibitory DA mRNA expression (both line main effects, P<0.05). Wheel running distance was significantly, positively correlated with the ratio of excitatory/inhibitory DA mRNA expression across animals. In both lines, OVX reduced wheel running (P<0.05). Unexpectedly, although HCR started with significantly greater voluntary wheel running, they had greater OVX-induced reduction in wheel running than LCR such that no differences were found 11weeks after OVX between HCROVX and LCROVX (interaction, P<0.05). This significant reduction in wheel running in HCR was associated with an OVX-mediated reduction in the ratio of excitatory/inhibitory DA mRNA expression. CONCLUSION The DA system in the NAc region may play a significant role in motivation to run in female rats. Compared to LCR, HCR rats run significantly more, which associates with greater ratio of excitatory/inhibitory DA mRNA expression. However, despite greater inherent motivation to run and an associated brain DA mRNA expression profile, HCR rats are not protected against OVX-induced reduction in wheel running or OVX-mediated reduction in the ratio of excitatory/inhibitory DA receptor mRNA expression. OVX-mediated reduction in motivated physical activity may be partially explained by a reduced ratio of excitatory/inhibitory DA receptor mRNA expression for which intrinsic fitness does not confer protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Min Park
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jill A Kanaley
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jaume Padilla
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Child Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Terese Zidon
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Rebecca J Welly
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Matthew J Will
- Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Steven L Britton
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lauren G Koch
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Frank W Booth
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - John P Thyfault
- Department of Molecular Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kitajima Y, Ono Y. Estrogens maintain skeletal muscle and satellite cell functions. J Endocrinol 2016; 229:267-75. [PMID: 27048232 DOI: 10.1530/joe-15-0476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Estrogens have crucial roles in an extensive range of physiological functions regulating cellular proliferation and differentiation, development, homeostasis, and metabolism. Therefore, prolonged estrogen insufficiency influences various types of tissues expressing estrogen receptors (ERs). Although ERs are expressed in skeletal muscle and its stem cells, called satellite cells, how prolonged estrogen insufficiency affects their function remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of estrogen reduction on muscle in young ovariectomized (OVX) female mice. We found that reduced estrogens resulted in muscle atrophy in a time-dependent manner. Muscle force generation was reduced in OVX mice. Interestingly, prolonged estrogen insufficiency shifted fiber types toward faster myosin heavy chain isoforms. The number of satellite cells per isolated myofiber was unchanged, while satellite cell expansion, differentiation, and self-renewal were all markedly impaired in OVX mice. Indeed, muscle regeneration was significantly compromised in OVX mice. Taken together, our results demonstrate that estrogens are essential for comprehensively maintaining muscle function with its insufficiency affecting muscle strength and regeneration in young female mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Kitajima
- Department of Stem Cell BiologyAtomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ono
- Department of Stem Cell BiologyAtomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lai S, Collins BC, Colson BA, Kararigas G, Lowe DA. Estradiol modulates myosin regulatory light chain phosphorylation and contractility in skeletal muscle of female mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 310:E724-33. [PMID: 26956186 PMCID: PMC4867308 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00439.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Impairment of skeletal muscle function has been associated with changes in ovarian hormones, especially estradiol. To elucidate mechanisms of estradiol on skeletal muscle strength, the hormone's effects on phosphorylation of the myosin regulatory light chain (pRLC) and muscle contractility were investigated, hypothesizing an estradiol-specific beneficial impact. In a skeletal muscle cell line, C2C12, pRLC was increased by 17β-estradiol (E2) in a concentration-dependent manner. In skeletal muscles of C57BL/6 mice that were E2 deficient via ovariectomy (OVX), pRLC was lower than that from ovary-intact, sham-operated mice (Sham). The reduced pRLC in OVX muscle was reversed by in vivo E2 treatment. Posttetanic potentiation (PTP) of muscle from OVX mice was low compared with that from Sham mice, and this decrement was reversed by acute E2 treatment, demonstrating physiological consequence. Western blot of those muscles revealed that low PTP corresponded with low pRLC and higher PTP with greater pRLC. We aimed to elucidate signaling pathways affecting E2-mediated pRLC using a kinase inhibitor library and C2C12 cells as well as a specific myosin light chain kinase inhibitor in muscles. PI3K/Akt, MAPK, and CamKII were identified as candidate kinases sensitive to E2 in terms of phosphorylating RLC. Applying siRNA strategy in C2C12 cells, pRLC triggered by E2 was found to be mediated by estrogen receptor-β and the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor. Together, these results provide evidence that E2 modulates myosin pRLC in skeletal muscle and is one mechanism by which this hormone can affect muscle contractility in females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaojuan Lai
- Programs in Rehabilitation Sciences and Physical Therapy, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; and
| | - Brittany C Collins
- Programs in Rehabilitation Sciences and Physical Therapy, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Brett A Colson
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Georgios Kararigas
- Institute of Gender in Medicine, Charite University Hospital, and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dawn A Lowe
- Programs in Rehabilitation Sciences and Physical Therapy, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota;
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Frange C, Hirotsu C, Hachul H, Pires JS, Bittencourt L, Tufik S, Andersen ML. Musculoskeletal pain and the reproductive life stage in women: is there a relationship? Climacteric 2016; 19:279-84. [DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2016.1163332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
22
|
Ronda AC, Boland RL. Intracellular Distribution and Involvement of GPR30 in the Actions of E2 on C2C12 Cells. J Cell Biochem 2015; 117:793-805. [PMID: 26359786 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) is an estrogen receptor that initiates several rapid, non-genomic signaling events triggered by E2. GPR30 has recently been identified in C2C12 cells; however, little is known about the intracelular distribution and its role in C2C12 myoblasts and myotubes. By western blotting and immunohistochemistry, we evidenced expression of GPR30. While in C2C12 myoblasts, the receptor was present in nucleus, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum, in C2C12 myotubes, it was additionally found in cytoplasm. Using trypan blue uptake assay to determine cellular death and fluorescent microscopy to evaluate picnotic nuclei and mitochondrial distribution, we demonstated that treatment of C2C12 myoblasts with G1 (GPR30 agonist) did not protect the cells against apoptosis induced by H2O2 as E2. However, when G15 (GPR30 antagonist) was used, E2 could not prevent the damage caused by the oxidative stress. Further, some of the molecular mechanisms involved were investigated by wertern blot assays. Thus, E2 was able to induce AKT phosphorylation in apoptotic conditions and ERK phosphorylation in proliferating C2C12 cells but not when the cultures were incubated with G15. Additionally, using G15 antagonist we have found that GPR30 participates in the myogenin expression and creatine kinase activity stimulated by E2 in the first steps of C2C12 differentiation. Althogether these findings provide evidences showing that GPR30 is expressed in diverse intracellular compartments in undifferentiated and differentiated C2C12 cells and mediates E2 actions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Ronda
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biol, ó, gicas y Biom, é, dicas del Sur (CONICET) / Universidad Nacional del Sur, San Juan 670, Bah, í, a Blanca, 8000, Argentina
| | - Ricardo L Boland
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biol, ó, gicas y Biom, é, dicas del Sur (CONICET) / Universidad Nacional del Sur, San Juan 670, Bah, í, a Blanca, 8000, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sipilä S, Finni T, Kovanen V. Estrogen influences on neuromuscular function in postmenopausal women. Calcif Tissue Int 2015; 96:222-33. [PMID: 25359124 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-014-9924-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ovarian sex steroids during different life phases has long-term effects on women's health and wellbeing. Menopause is characterized by rapid decline in ovarian sex steroids already during mid-life, between the ages of 46 and 52. Due to the menopause-related hormonal changes, women in most western countries live more than one-third of their lives in postmenopausal status. The role of ovarian steroids on neuromuscular function in middle-aged and older women has been investigated since the 1980s with increasing volume of research during the last decades. This review considers how different components of the neuromuscular system may be influenced by estrogens and so affects neuromuscular function in postmenopausal women. The main focus is on muscle strength and power, which are closely associated with mobility and functional capacity among older populations. In the end of the review, we summarize recent findings on the underlying biological mechanisms in skeletal muscle that could explain the association between hormone replacement therapy and neuromuscular function among postmenopausal women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Sipilä
- Department of Health Sciences, Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Huang H, Jiang X, Dong Y, Zhang X, Ding N, Liu J, Hutchinson SZ, Lu G, Zhang X. Adiponectin alleviates genioglossal mitochondrial dysfunction in rats exposed to intermittent hypoxia. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109284. [PMID: 25329318 PMCID: PMC4203718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genioglossal dysfunction is involved in the pathophysiology of obstructive sleep apnea hypoxia syndrome (OSAHS) characterized by nocturnal chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH). The pathophysiology of genioglossal dysfunction and possible targeted pharmacotherapy for alleviation of genioglossal injury in CIH require further investigation. Methodology/Principal Findings Rats in the control group were exposed to normal air, while rats in the CIH group and CIH+adiponectin (AD) group were exposed to the same CIH condition (CIH 8 hr/day for 5 successive weeks). Furthermore, rats in CIH+AD group were administrated intravenous AD supplementation at the dosage of 10 µg, twice a week for 5 consecutive weeks. We found that CIH-induced genioglossus (GG) injury was correlated with mitochondrial dysfunction, reduction in the numbers of mitochondrias, impaired mitochondrial ultrastructure, and a reduction in type I fibers. Compared with the CIH group, impaired mitochondrial structure and function was significantly improved and a percentage of type I fiber was elevated in the CIH+AD group. Moreover, compared with the control group, the rats’ GG in the CIH group showed a significant decrease in phosphorylation of LKB1, AMPK, and PGC1-α, whereas there was significant rescue of such reduction in phosphorylation within the CIH+AD group. Conclusions CIH exposure reduces mitochondrial biogenesis and impairs mitochondrial function in GG, while AD supplementation increases mitochondrial contents and alleviates CIH-induced mitochondrial dysfunction possibly through the AMPK pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanpeng Huang
- Department of Respirology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiufeng Jiang
- Department of Respirology, Nanjing Medical University affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Yanbin Dong
- Department of Respirology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Department of Respirology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Ding
- Department of Respirology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiannan Liu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Jangsu Geriatric Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Gan Lu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Jangsu Geriatric Hospital, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (XLZ); (GL)
| | - Xilong Zhang
- Department of Respirology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (XLZ); (GL)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Neese SL, Korol DL, Schantz SL. Voluntary exercise impairs initial delayed spatial alternation performance in estradiol treated ovariectomized middle-aged rats. Horm Behav 2013; 64:579-88. [PMID: 24013039 PMCID: PMC3855313 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Estrogens differentially modulate behavior in the adult female rodent. Voluntary exercise can also impact behavior, often reversing age associated decrements in memory processes. Our research group has published a series of papers reporting a deficit in the acquisition of an operant working memory task, delayed spatial alternation (DSA), following 17β-estradiol treatment to middle-aged ovariectomized (OVX) rats. The current study examined if voluntary exercise could attenuate the 17β-estradiol induced deficits on DSA performance. OVX 12-month old Long-Evans rats were implanted with a Silastic capsule containing 17β-estradiol (10% in cholesterol: low physiological range) or with a blank capsule. A subset of the 17β-estradiol and OVX untreated rats were given free access to a running wheel in their home cage. All rats were tested for 40 sessions on the DSA task. Surprisingly, we found running wheel access to impair initial acquisition of the DSA task in 17β-estradiol treated rats, an effect not seen in OVX untreated rats given running wheel access. This deficit was driven by an increase in perseverative responding on a lever no longer associated with reinforcement. We also report for the first time a 17β-estradiol induced impairment on the DSA task following a long intertrial delay (18-sec), an effect revealed following more extended testing than in our previous studies (15 additional sessions). Overall, running wheel access increased initial error rate on the DSA task in 17β-estradiol treated middle-aged OVX rats, and failed to prevent the 17β-estradiol induced deficits in performance of the operant DSA task in later testing sessions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Neese
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA; Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baldwin Wallace University, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
The controversy surrounding the results from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) trials published a decade ago caused a significant decline in the use of menopausal hormone replacement therapy. However, these results have been vehemently contested and several lines of evidence suggest that in perimenopausal and non-obese women, estrogen therapy may indeed be of benefit. There is ample proof that menopause causes a loss of musculoskeletal tissue mass and quality, thereby causing a loss of health and quality of life. There is also solid evidence that hormone replacement therapy in itself prevents most of these effects in connective tissue in itself. Besides the independent, direct effects on the musculoskeletal tissues, estrogen deficiency also reduces the ability to adequately respond and adapt to external mechanical and metabolic stressors, e.g. exercise, which are otherwise the main stimuli that should maintain musculoskeletal integrity and metabolic function. Thus, normophysiological estrogen levels appear to exert a permissive effect on musculoskeletal adaptations to loading, thereby likely improving the outcome of rehabilitation following critical illness, musculoskeletal trauma or orthopedic surgical therapy. These effects add to the evidence supporting the use of estrogen therapy, particularly accelerated gain of functional capacity and independence following musculoskeletal disuse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anders Nedergaard
- Nordic Bioscience - Biomarkers and Research (Part of CCBR Group), Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Komrakova M, Sehmisch S, Tezval M, Schmelz U, Frauendorf H, Grueger T, Wessling T, Klein C, Birth M, Stuermer KM, Stuermer EK. Impact of 4-methylbenzylidene camphor, daidzein, and estrogen on intact and osteotomized bone in osteopenic rats. J Endocrinol 2011; 211:157-68. [PMID: 21803835 DOI: 10.1530/joe-11-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The study investigated the influence of 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC), daidzein, and estradiol-17β-benzoate (E(2)) on either intact or osteotomized cancellous bone in ovariectomized (Ovx) rats. Three-month old Ovx rats were fed with soy-free (SF) diet over 8 weeks; thereafter, bilateral transverse metaphyseal osteotomy of tibia was performed and rats were divided into groups: rats fed with SF diet and SF diet supplemented with 4-MBC (200 mg), daidzein (50 mg), or E(2) (0.4 mg) per kilogram body weight. After 5 or 10 weeks, computed tomographical, biomechanical, histological, and ashing analyses were performed in lumbar spine and tibia of 12 rats from each group. 4-MBC and E(2) improved bone parameters in lumbar spine and tibia, were not favorable for osteotomy healing, and decreased serum osteocalcin level. However, daidzein improved bone parameters to a lesser extent and facilitated osteotomy healing. For lumbar spine, the bone mineral density was 338±9, 346±5, 361±6, and 360±5 mg/cm(3) in SF, daidzein, 4-MBC, and E(2), respectively, after 10 weeks. For tibia, the yield load was 98±5, 114±3, 90±2, and 52±4 N in SF, daidzein, 4-MBC, and E(2), respectively, after 10 weeks. Serum daidzein was 54±6 ng/ml in daidzein group and equol was not detected. Alp and Igf1 genes were down-regulated in callus after daidzein and E(2) compared with 4-MBC (week 5). The response of bone tissue and serum markers of bone metabolism could be ordered: daidzein<4-MBC<E(2). Treatments were more effective after 5 vs 10 weeks. In SF group, bone structure was impaired after 5 weeks and improved after 10 weeks probably due to adaptation mechanisms to osteoporosis. In conclusion, it is conceivable that 4-MBC may improve bone tissue in osteoporotic organisms; osteoporotic patients with fractures could benefit from daidzein treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Komrakova
- Department of Trauma Surgery and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Goettingen, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Finni T, Noorkoiv M, Pöllänen E, Ronkainen PH, Alén M, Kaprio J, Kovanen V, Sipilä S. Muscle function in monozygotic female twin pairs discordant for hormone replacement therapy. Muscle Nerve 2011; 44:769-75. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.22162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
29
|
Greising SM, Carey RS, Blackford JE, Dalton LE, Kosir AM, Lowe DA. Estradiol treatment, physical activity, and muscle function in ovarian-senescent mice. Exp Gerontol 2011; 46:685-93. [PMID: 21570459 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2011.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Estradiol (E(2)) treatment in young adult, ovariectomized mice increases physical activity and reverses deleterious effects on skeletal muscle. Here we test the hypothesis that E(2) treatment improves muscle function and physical activity in aged, ovarian-senescent mice. Plasma E(2) levels and vaginal cytology confirmed ovarian senescence in 20-month-old C57BL/6 mice. Mice were then randomly divided into activity groups, having access to a running wheel or not, and further into those receiving E(2) or placebo. Placebo-treated mice wheel ran more than E(2)-treated mice (P=0.03), with no difference between treatment groups in cage activities such as time spent being active and ambulation distance (P≥0.55). Soleus muscles from aged mice that wheel ran adapted by getting larger and stronger, irrespective of E(2) status (P≤0.02). Soleus muscle fatigue resistance was greater in mice treated with E(2) (P=0.02), but maximal isometric tetanic force was not affected (P≥0.79). Because E(2) treatment did not improve physical activity or overall muscle function in the aged, ovarian-senescent mice as predicted, a second study was initiated to examine E(2) treatment of young adult mice prematurely ovarian senescent from exposure to the chemical, 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD). Four-month-old C57BL/6 female mice were dosed with oil (control) or VCD. Vaginal cytology confirmed ovarian senescence in all mice treated with VCD 63 days after the onset of dosing, and then a subset of the VCD mice received E(2) (VCD+E(2)). Wheel running distance did not differ among control, VCD, and VCD+E(2) mice (P≥0.34). Soleus muscle concentric, isometric, and eccentric in vitro forces were greater in VCD+E(2) than in VCD mice (P<0.04), indicating beneficial estrogenic effects on muscle function. In general, aged and young mice with senescent ovaries were less responsive to E(2) treatment, in terms of physical activities and muscle function, than what has previously been shown for young, ovariectomized mice. These results bring forth the possibility that some component of the residual, follicle-depleted ovarian tissue influences physical activity in mice or that aging diminishes the responsiveness of skeletal muscle and related tissues to E(2) treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Greising
- Program in Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Minnesota, School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Greising SM, Baltgalvis KA, Kosir AM, Moran AL, Warren GL, Lowe DA. Estradiol's beneficial effect on murine muscle function is independent of muscle activity. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2010; 110:109-15. [PMID: 20966194 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00852.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Estradiol (E₂) deficiency decreases muscle strength and wheel running in female mice. It is not known if the muscle weakness results directly from the loss of E₂ or indirectly from mice becoming relatively inactive with presumably diminished muscle activity. The first aim of this study was to determine if cage activities of ovariectomized mice with and without E₂ treatment differ. Ovariectomized mice were 19-46% less active than E₂-replaced mice in terms of ambulation, jumping, and time spent being active (P ≤ 0.033). After E₂-deficient mice were found to have low cage activities, the second aim was to determine if E₂ is beneficial to muscle contractility, independent of physical activities by the mouse or its hindlimb muscles. Adult, female mice were ovariectomized or sham-operated and randomized to receive E₂ or placebo and then subjected to conditions that should maintain physical and muscle activity at a constant low level. After 2 wk of hindlimb suspension or unilateral tibial nerve transection, muscle contractile function was assessed. Soleus muscles of hindlimb-suspended ovariectomized mice generated 31% lower normalized (relative to muscle contractile protein content) maximal isometric force than suspended mice with intact ovaries (P ≤ 0.049). Irrespective of whether the soleus muscle was innervated, muscles from ovariectomized mice generated ∼20% lower absolute and normalized maximal isometric forces, as well as power, than E₂-replaced mice (P ≤ 0.004). In conclusion, E₂ affects muscle force generation, even when muscle activity is equalized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Greising
- Program in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Riedl I, Yoshioka M, St-Amand J. Concomitant modulation of transcripts related to fiber type determination and energy metabolism in skeletal muscle of female ovariectomized mice by estradiol injection. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2010; 122:91-9. [PMID: 20036330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2009.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2009] [Revised: 10/27/2009] [Accepted: 12/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In postmenopausal women, prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) is 40%. Aging is associated with a decline in basal metabolic rate and an alteration in tissue metabolism, leading to MS. Hormonal therapy has been shown to be effective against some of the MS-related features but its effects on sarcopenia and skeletal muscle metabolism remain unclear. We have analyzed the effects of estradiol (E(2)) on global gene expression in skeletal muscle of ovariectomized (OVX) female C57BL6 mice using the serial analysis of gene expression method. Animals were randomly assigned to six groups of each 14 mice: the vehicle group (OVX), and five groups in which E(2) was injected 1h, 3h, 6h, 18 h or 24h prior to sacrifice. E(2) modulated 177 transcripts, including 11 partially characterized transcripts and 52 potentially novel transcripts. Most of the differentially expressed transcripts were up-regulated at E(2)3h and E(2)18 h, while down-regulated transcripts were observed at E(2)6h and E(2)24h, illustrating two cycles of up and down E(2)-responsive genes. Modulated transcripts were involved in skeletal muscle structure/growth, fiber type distribution and energy metabolism. These results suggest that a single physiological dose of E(2) can concomitantly modulate transcripts determining skeletal muscle type and energy metabolism, which may in turn affect sarcopenia and MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Riedl
- Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology Research Center, Laval University Medical Center and Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Stuermer EK, Komrakova M, Werner C, Wicke M, Kolios L, Sehmisch S, Tezval M, Utesch C, Mangal O, Zimmer S, Dullin C, Stuermer KM. Musculoskeletal response to whole-body vibration during fracture healing in intact and ovariectomized rats. Calcif Tissue Int 2010; 87:168-80. [PMID: 20532877 PMCID: PMC2903688 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-010-9381-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 05/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of vibration on bone healing and muscle in intact and ovariectomized rats. Thirty ovariectomized (at 3 months of age) and 30 intact 5-month old female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent bilateral metaphyseal osteotomy of tibia. Five days later, half of the ovariectomized and of the intact rats were exposed to whole-body vertical vibration (90 Hz, 0.5 mm, 4 x g acceleration) for 15 min twice a day during 30 days. The other animals did not undergo vibration. After decapitation of rats, one tibia was used for computed tomographic, biomechanical, and histological analyses; the other was used for gene expression analyses of alkaline phosphatase (Alp), osteocalcin (Oc), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 1, and insulinlike growth factor 1. Serum Alp and Oc were measured. Mitochondrial activity, fiber area and distribution, and capillary densities were analyzed in M. gastrocnemius and M. longissimus. We found that vibration had no effect on body weight and food intake, but it improved cortical and callus densities (97 vs. 99%, 72 vs. 81%), trabecular structure (9 vs. 14 trabecular nodes), blood supply (1.7 vs. 2.1 capillaries/fiber), and oxidative metabolism (17 vs. 23 pmol O(2)/s/mg) in ovariectomized rats. Vibration generally increased muscle fiber size. Tibia biomechanical properties were diminished after vibration. Oc gene expression was higher in vibrated rats. Serum Alp was increased in ovariectomized rats. In ovariectomized rats, vibration resulted in an earlier bridging; in intact rats, callus bridging occurred later after vibration. The chosen vibration regimen (90 Hz, 0.5 mm, 4 x g acceleration, 15 min twice a day) was effective in improving musculoskeletal tissues in ovariectomized rats but was not optimal for fracture healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa K. Stuermer
- Department of Trauma Surgery and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Goettingen, Robert-Koch St. 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Marina Komrakova
- Department of Trauma Surgery and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Goettingen, Robert-Koch St. 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Carsten Werner
- Institute of Food Quality and Safety, University of Animal Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Wicke
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Leila Kolios
- Department of Trauma Surgery and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Goettingen, Robert-Koch St. 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Stephan Sehmisch
- Department of Trauma Surgery and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Goettingen, Robert-Koch St. 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Mohammad Tezval
- Department of Trauma Surgery and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Goettingen, Robert-Koch St. 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Clara Utesch
- Department of Trauma Surgery and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Goettingen, Robert-Koch St. 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Orzala Mangal
- Department of Trauma Surgery and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Goettingen, Robert-Koch St. 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Zimmer
- Department of Trauma Surgery and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Goettingen, Robert-Koch St. 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Christian Dullin
- Department of Radiology, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Klaus M. Stuermer
- Department of Trauma Surgery and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Goettingen, Robert-Koch St. 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Velders M, Solzbacher M, Schleipen B, Laudenbach U, Fritzemeier KH, Diel P. Estradiol and genistein antagonize the ovariectomy effects on skeletal muscle myosin heavy chain expression via ER-beta mediated pathways. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2010; 120:53-9. [PMID: 20347979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2009] [Revised: 03/14/2010] [Accepted: 03/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The age-related decline in ovarian sex hormone production following the onset of menopause alters skeletal muscle metabolic, structural and functional characteristics. The myosin heavy chain (MHC) expression pattern defines skeletal muscle contraction velocity and is therefore an important factor in skeletal muscle function. The present study was designed to examine the effects of 17beta estradiol (E2), estrogen receptor (ER) subtype selective agonists (ERalpha, ERbeta) or genistein (Gen) following ovary removal (OVX) in female Wistar rats in combination with a high intensity treadmill-based exercise protocol (Ex) or normal cage-based activity (NoEx) on MHC protein expression patterns in the slow fiber type m.Soleus (Sol) and the fast fiber type m.Gastrocnemius (Gas). Gen and E2 in the Sol significantly stimulated MHC-I expression relative to OVX only in the absence of exercise (NoEx). MHC-IIb expression in the Gas was significantly increased relative to OVX in Gen Ex and E2 Ex and NoEx groups. The estrogenic effects in the Sol and Gas were both predominantly mediated via ERbeta pathways, since the ERbeta agonist induced greater MHC increases than OVX or ERalpha. We therefore propose that high intensity exercise in combination with exposure to E2, Gen, ERalpha or ERbeta agonists in OVX rats exerts differential effects on MHC expression in skeletal muscles composed of mainly slow type I MHC (Sol) or fast type II MHC (Gas). In summary, the data shows that MHC composition is affected by estrogens and exercise in a fiber type specific manner and that these effects are mainly mediated by ER-beta. This is of great importance with respect to skeletal muscle health and potential treatment with ER selective agonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Velders
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Dept. of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sports University, Carl Diem Weg 6, 50927 Köln, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
As women enter menopause, the concentration of estrogen and other female hormones declines. This hormonal decrease has been associated with a number of negative outcomes, including a greater incidence of injury as well as a delay in recovery from these injuries. Over the past two decades, our understanding of the protective effects of estrogen against various types of injury and disease states has grown immensely. In skeletal muscle, studies with animals have demonstrated that sex and estrogen may potentially influence muscle contractile properties and attenuate indices of post-exercise muscle damage, including the release of creatine kinase into the bloodstream and activity of the intramuscular lysosomal acid hydrolase, beta-glucuronidase. Furthermore, numerous studies have revealed an estrogen-mediated attenuation of infiltration of inflammatory cells such as neutrophils and macrophages into the skeletal muscles of rats following exercise or injury. Estrogen has also been shown to play a significant role in stimulating muscle repair and regenerative processes, including the activation and proliferation of satellite cells. Although the mechanisms by which estrogen exerts its influence upon indices of skeletal muscle damage, inflammation and repair have not been fully elucidated, it is thought that estrogen may potentially exert its protective effects by: (i) acting as an antioxidant, thus limiting oxidative damage; (ii) acting as a membrane stabilizer by intercalating within membrane phospholipids; and (iii) binding to estrogen receptors, thus governing the regulation of a number of downstream genes and molecular targets. In contrast to animal studies, studies with humans have not as clearly delineated an effect of estrogen on muscle contractile function or on indices of post-exercise muscle damage and inflammation. These inconsistencies have been attributed to a number of factors, including age and fitness level of subjects, the type and intensity of exercise protocols, and a focus on sex differences that typically involve factors and hormones in addition to estrogen. In recent years, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or estrogen combined with exercise have been proposed as potentially therapeutic agents for postmenopausal women, as these agents may potentially limit muscle damage and inflammation and stimulate repair in this population. While the benefits and potential health risks of long-term HRT use have been widely debated, controlled studies using short-term HRT or other estrogen agonists may provide future new and valuable insights into understanding the effects of estrogen on skeletal muscle, and greatly benefit the aging female population. Recent studies with older females have begun to demonstrate their benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah L Enns
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Faculty of Science, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Feng NY, Katz A, Day LB, Barske J, Schlinger BA. Limb muscles are androgen targets in an acrobatic tropical bird. Endocrinology 2010; 151:1042-9. [PMID: 20080872 DOI: 10.1210/en.2009-0901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Spectacular athleticism is a conspicuous feature of many animal courtship displays yet surprisingly little is known about androgen dependence of skeletal muscles underlying these displays. Testosterone (T) acts through androgen receptors (ARs) to stimulate muscular male Golden-collared manakins of Panama to perform a remarkably athletic courtship display that includes loud wingsnaps generated by the rapid and forceful lifting of the wings. We tested the hypothesis that androgen sensitivity, reflected in the expression levels of AR mRNA, is a muscular adaptation supporting these courtship displays. Quantitative PCR showed substantially greater AR mRNA expression in all limb muscles of wild male and female manakins compared with two other avian species that do not perform athletic displays, zebra finches and ochre-bellied flycatchers. AR expression levels in the massive skeletal muscles were comparable with the minute oscine syringeal muscle but greater than levels in nonmuscular androgen targets that did not differ across species. Compared with zebra finches, male manakins also had greater activity of the T-activating enzyme 5 alpha-reductase in a wing-lifting muscle. In addition, low levels of estrogen receptor alpha (ER) mRNA were detected in all muscles of control, T-treated, and estradiol-treated manakins. Treatment of manakins with T, but not estradiol, significantly increased skeletal muscle ER expression, suggesting that ER expression is AR-dependent. These results confirm manakin limb muscles as important androgen targets where T may act to promote the speed, force, and/or endurance required for the manakin display. Androgen-sensitive muscular phenotypes may adapt males of many species to perform impressive athletic displays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ni Y Feng
- Department of Physiological Science, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Li W, Liu YH. Effects of phytoestrogen genistein on genioglossus function and oestrogen receptors expression in ovariectomized rats. Arch Oral Biol 2009; 54:1029-34. [PMID: 19782341 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2009.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Revised: 09/08/2009] [Accepted: 09/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was designed to investigate the effects of genistein on genioglossal muscle function and the expression of oestrogen receptors (ERs) in the ovariectomized rats. DESIGN Fifty female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: the control group (SHAM), the ovariectomized group (OVX), the ovariectomized rats receiving low genistein dosage (OVX+L), the moderate genistein dosage group (OVX+M) and the high genistein dosage group (OVX+H). Oestradiol level was detected by radioimmunity. The isometric twitch tension (P(t)) and tetanic tension (P(0)) of the GG muscle were measured in response to electrical field stimulation. The expression of ERs on the mRNA and protein levels was measured by real-time PCR and western blot respectively. RESULTS Ovariectomy decreased muscle fatigue resistance and the expression of different ERs significantly. Genistein treatment resulted in a dose-dependent protective effect on muscle fatigability and a parallel dose-responsive increase in the expression of oestrogen receptors mRNA and protein levels in genioglossus, with larger effects on oestrogen receptor beta vs. alpha. In contrast to the improvements in fatigability, there was no treatment effect on isometric twitch or tetanic tensions. CONCLUSION The results indicated that genistein increased muscle fatigue resistance in addition to effects on receptors, and the up-regulation of receptors expression may be a possible mechanism by which genistein improved fatigue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, 399 YanChangZhong Road, Shanghai 200072, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Liu YH, Jia SS, Hou YX. Effects of Ovariectomy on Rat Genioglossal Muscle Contractile Properties and Fiber-Type Distribution. Angle Orthod 2009; 79:509-14. [DOI: 10.2319/031608-149.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2008] [Accepted: 07/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective: To test the hypothesis that ovariectomy has no effects on contractile, histochemical, or biochemical properties of the rat genioglossus (GG).
Materials and Methods: Eight-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into three groups: normal group (Normal), sham-operated group (Sham), and ovariectomized group (OVX). Four weeks later, genioglossal electromyography activity (EMGgg) and contractile properties were measured, including relative integrated EMG (iEMG), maximal twitch tension, 70%-decay time, and fatigue index (FI). Then rats were sacrificed and paired GG were removed for further analysis. Adenosine-triphosphatase (ATPase) staining was performed to determine the percent fiber-type distribution and to identify cross-sectional area (CSA) of muscle fibers. Myosin heavy chain (MHC) phenotypes were determined by gel electrophoresis.
Results: Ovariectomy reduced EMG activity and contractile properties of the GG. Following ovariectomy, the CSA of type IIA and the proportion of MHCIIA decreased significantly. The MHC isoform composition of GG transferred from relative slow-twitch to fast-twitch isoform, following the order MHCIIB → MHCIIX → MHCIIA. Sham operation had no effect on any of the parameters.
Conclusions: The hypothesis is rejected. The contractile properties of the GG are sensitive to ovariectomy. These changes were, at least in part, associated with changes in the amount and type of contractile protein expressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue-hua Liu
- a Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Corresponding author: Dr Yue-hua Liu, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Tongji University of China, 399 Yanchang Zhong Road, Shanghai 200072, China )
| | - Shan-shan Jia
- b PhD student, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-xia Hou
- b PhD student, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Liu YH, Li W, Song WH. Effects of oestrogen on sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase activity and gene expression in genioglossus in chronic intermittent hypoxia rat. Arch Oral Biol 2009; 54:322-8. [PMID: 19230861 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2009.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2008] [Revised: 01/20/2009] [Accepted: 01/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the effects of oestrogen on sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+)-ATPase activity and gene expression in ovariectomised rats under the condition of chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH). Thirty-two female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: the normal control group (NC), the CIH group (CIH), the CIH-ovariectomised group (CIH+OVX), and the group of CIH-ovariectomised rats receiving estradiol replacement (CIH+OVX+E(2)). Rats in the latter three groups were exposed to CIH for 5 weeks. The animals were killed before genioglossus (GG) was rapidly excised, and their body and uterus mass were determined. Estradiol level was detected by radioimmunoassay. SR Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA) activity was observed by detecting inorganic phosphorus ion, and the SERCA mRNA level was measured using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR). It was found that, compared with the NC group, the SERCA activity and mRNA level were remarkably reduced (p<.01) in the CIH group. And compared with the CIH group, the SERCA activity and mRNA level were also significantly reduced (p<.01) in the CIH+OVX group. Meanwhile, the SERCA activity and mRNA level significantly increased (p<.01) in the CIH+OVX+E(2) group compared with the CIH+OVX group, but lower than those in the NC group (p<.01). The results showed that CIH could reduce the SERCA activity and mRNA expression, and oestrogen-deficiency could exacerbate this effect; whilst estradiol replacement can partially reverse the effect of CIH in ovariectomised rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Hua Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, 399 Yanchang Ave, Shanghai, China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Rizk DEE, Hassan HA, Al-Marzouqi AH, Shafiullah M, Fahim MA. Combined estrogen and ghrelin administration decreases expression of p27(kip1) and proportion of isomyosin type I in the striated urethral and anal sphincters and levator ani of old ovariectomized rats. Int Urogynecol J 2008; 19:1363-9. [PMID: 18496635 DOI: 10.1007/s00192-008-0638-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2007] [Accepted: 04/05/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We compared estrogen and/or ghrelin effects on pelvic floor muscles in old versus young adult ovariectomized rats. Ovariectomized Fisher 344 rats (18 and 3 months old, n = 24 x 2) received 42 daily intraperitoneal 17-beta estradiol (10 microg kg(-1)), ghrelin (2 microg kg(-1)), both, or vehicle (n = 6 x 4/group). Cytoplasmic p27(kip1) expression and isomyosin I proportion in striated urethral and anal sphincters and levator ani were measured, respectively, by Western blot analysis and gel electrophoresis with immunohistochemistry of muscle ghrelin receptors and radioimmunoassay of circulating growth hormone. In young adult rats, estrogen significantly decreased cytoplasmic p27(kip1) and isomyosin I signal intensities. In old rats, ghrelin and estrogen/ghrelin significantly decreased both intensities with greater estrogen/ghrelin effect. Ghrelin receptors were not immunostained in any muscle. Estrogen and/or ghrelin significantly increased or decreased, respectively, circulating growth hormone in old and young adult rats. Estrogen/ghrelin administration reversed pelvic floor muscle ageing changes in old ovariectomized rats through growth hormone production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diaa E E Rizk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Gorzek JF, Hendrickson KC, Forstner JP, Rixen JL, Moran AL, Lowe DA. Estradiol and tamoxifen reverse ovariectomy-induced physical inactivity in mice. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007; 39:248-56. [PMID: 17277588 DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000241649.15006.b8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Decreased physical activity and increased body mass are associated with estrogen deficiency. PURPOSE To determine whether estrogen or the estrogen analog, tamoxifen, could reverse those detrimental effects after surgical ovariectomy in mice. METHODS Ten-week-old C57BL/6 mice were sham operated (sham, N = 6) or ovariectomized (OVX, N = 9). After 4 wk of voluntary wheel running, placebo (OVX-P) or 17beta-estradiol (OVX-E2) pellets were implanted and the mice ran an additional 4 wk. A second study followed in which mice received placebo, 17beta-estradiol, or tamoxifen (OVX-Tam) simultaneously with ovariectomies. Distances run per 24 h and body masses were analyzed by two-way ANOVA with repeated measures. RESULTS During the initial 4 wk, OVX mice ran approximately 80% less and had approximately 20% greater body masses compared with sham mice (P < 0.001). Estradiol replacement quickly reversed the inactivity as OVX-E2 mice increased their running from 1.9 +/- 0.3 km x 24 h(-1) to 6.9 +/- 0.7 km within a week of replacement, which was equivalent to shams (8.1 +/- 0.7 km), whereas OVX-P mice ran only 0.5 +/- 0.2 km (P < 0.01). OVX-E2 mice tended to maintain body mass after estradiol replacement, whereas the OVX-P mice continued to increase mass. OVX mice that received tamoxifen had high running activity, approximately 9 km x 24 h(-1), and maintained body mass. CONCLUSION The removal of ovarian hormones caused mice to become inactive and gain body mass. Hormone therapy in the form of 17beta-estradiol or tamoxifen rapidly stimulated voluntary wheel running and reversed body mass gains, indicating that estrogen receptor binding was involved in regulating physical activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey F Gorzek
- Program in Physical Therapy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Jurie C, Martin JF, Listrat A, Jailler R, Culioli J, Picard B. Carcass and muscle characteristics of beef cull cows between 4 and 9 years of age. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1079/asc200644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe effects of age and breed on carcass and muscle characteristics of cull cows slaughtered at the same fattening state between 4 and 9 years of age were analysed in four French breeds: Aubrac (AU), Charolais (CH), Limousin (LI), and Salers (SA). Muscle characteristics were determined in three muscles: longissimus thoracis (LT), semitendinosus (ST) and triceps brachii (TB). They included: (1) the % frequency, cross-sectional area and % area of the different fibre types classified according to their contraction rate and metabolic properties (slow twitch oxidative (SO), fast twitch oxidative glycolytic (FOG) and fast twitch glycolytic (FG)), (2) the isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, representative of oxidative and glycolytic metabolism respectively, and (3) the total and insoluble collagen contents. Whatever the age of the animals at slaughter, the same carcass composition, fibre characteristics (% frequency, area, % area) and metabolic enzyme activities were obtained whatever the muscles considered. In contrast, important differences between breeds were observed in carcass composition (muscle, fat, bone) and enzyme activities. CH cows presented the highest final live weight and LI carcasses were characterized by higher muscle weight, lower fat and bone weights and more glycolytic muscles. Among the muscle characteristics, collagen was the most influenced by age and breed in a breed and muscle dependent manner respectively. AU and LI cows exhibited lower total and insoluble collagen contents than CH and SA cows, particularly at 6 to 7 years of age and for the LT and ST muscles. Thus collagen could explain an important part of the variability in meat quality from cull cows. In conclusion, results of this study provide consistent data on muscle characteristics of cull cows, few studies were available until then.
Collapse
|
42
|
Moran AL, Nelson SA, Landisch RM, Warren GL, Lowe DA. Estradiol replacement reverses ovariectomy-induced muscle contractile and myosin dysfunction in mature female mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2007; 102:1387-93. [PMID: 17218423 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01305.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle contractility and myosin function decline following ovariectomy in mature female mice. In the present study we tested the hypothesis that estradiol replacement can reverse those declines. Four-month-old female C57BL/6 mice (n = 69) were ovariectomized (OVX) or sham operated. Some mice were treated immediately with placebo or 17beta-estradiol (OVX + E(2)) while other mice were treated 30 days postsurgery. Thirty or sixty days postsurgery, soleus muscles were assessed in vitro for contractile function and susceptibility to eccentric contraction-induced injury. Myosin structural dynamics was analyzed in extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Maximal isometric tetanic force was affected by estradiol status (P < 0.001) being approximately 10% less in soleus muscles from OVX compared with sham-operated mice [168 mN (SD 16.7) vs. 180 mN (SD 14.4)] and was restored in OVX + E(2) mice [187 mN (SD 17.6)]. The fraction of strong-binding myosin during contraction was also affected (P = 0.045) and was approximately 15% lower in EDL muscles from OVX compared with OVX + E(2) mice [0.263 (SD 0.034) vs. 0.311 (SD 0.022)]. Plasma estradiol levels were correlated with maximal isometric tetanic force (r = 0.458; P < 0.001) and active stiffness (r = 0.329; P = 0.044), indicating that circulating estradiol influenced muscle and myosin function. Estradiol was not effective in protecting muscle against an acute eccentric contraction-induced injury (P >or= 0.401) but did restore ovariectomy-induced increases in muscle wet mass caused by fluid accumulation. Collectively, estradiol had a beneficial effect on female mouse skeletal muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Moran
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Rizk DEE, Fahim MA, Hassan HA, Al-Marzouqi AH, Ramadan GA, Al-Kedrah SS, Al-Ghafri LS. The effect of ovariectomy on biomarkers of urogenital ageing in old versus young adult rats. Int Urogynecol J 2007; 18:1077-85. [PMID: 17205219 DOI: 10.1007/s00192-006-0278-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2006] [Accepted: 11/14/2006] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of ageing and ovariectomy on biomarkers of urogenital ageing in old and young-adult rats. Fisher 344 rats (18- and 3-months-old, n = 6 x 2) underwent ovariectomy. Age-matched sham animals received no intervention (n = 6 x 2). One month later, biomarkers of urogenital ageing were evaluated (light microscopic count of urethral and anal canal submucosal blood vessels, Western blot analysis of urethral, and anal canal submucosal collagen I and III and cytoplasmic p27(kip1) expression in the striated urethral and anal sphincters and levator ani and gel electrophoresis of isomyosin I proportion in these muscles) and compared in all groups (n = 24). All biomarkers of urogenital ageing studied were significantly increased in old compared to young-adult sham rats. Ovariectomy significantly increased these changes further in old versus young-adult rats with either smaller or larger differential effect than ageing compared to young-adult sham animals. Ovariectomy significantly exacerbates normative urogenital ageing changes in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diaa E E Rizk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Myosin heavy chain fibre types and fibre sizes in nuliparous and primiparous ovariectomized Iberian sows: Interaction with two alternative rearing systems during the fattening period. Meat Sci 2006; 74:359-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2006.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2005] [Revised: 04/07/2006] [Accepted: 04/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
45
|
Moran AL, Warren GL, Lowe DA. Removal of ovarian hormones from mature mice detrimentally affects muscle contractile function and myosin structural distribution. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2005; 100:548-59. [PMID: 16254070 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01029.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purposes of this study were to determine the effects of ovarian hormone removal on force-generating capacities and contractile proteins in soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles of mature female mice. Six-month-old female C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to either an ovariectomized (OVX; n = 13) or a sham-operated (sham; n = 13) group. In vitro contractile function of soleus and EDL muscles were determined 60 days postsurgery. Total protein and contractile protein contents were quantified, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was used to determine myosin structural distribution during contraction. OVX mice weighed 15% more than sham mice 60 days postsurgery, and soleus and EDL muscle masses were 19 and 15% greater in OVX mice, respectively (P < or = 0.032). Soleus and EDL muscles from OVX mice generated less maximal isometric force than did those from sham mice [soleus: 0.27 (SD 0.04) vs. 0.22 N.cm.mg(-1) (SD 0.04); EDL: 0.33 (SD 0.04) vs. 0.27 N.cm.mg(-1) (SD 0.04); P < or = 0.006]. Total and contractile protein contents of soleus and EDL muscles were not different between OVX and sham mice (P > or = 0.242), indicating that the quantity of contractile machinery was not affected by removing ovarian hormones. EPR spectroscopy showed that the fraction of strong-binding myosin during contraction was 15% lower in EDL muscles from OVX mice compared with shams [0.277 (SD 0.039) vs. 0.325 (SD 0.020); P = 0.004]. These results indicate that the loss of ovarian hormones has detrimental effects on skeletal muscle force-generating capacities that can be explained by altered actin-myosin interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Moran
- Dept. of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Univ. of Minnesota, MMC 388, 420 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Moreira MDA, Brito MVH, Brito NMB, Freire Filho MDSL. [Skeletal muscle histomorphometric study of rats in anestrus]. Acta Cir Bras 2005; 20:329-35. [PMID: 16186954 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-86502005000400012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Castration, as well as the menopause, represents endocrine suppression that prevails the hypoestrogenism and their larger consequence on the skeletal muscle is to provoke sarcopenia. OBJECTIVE To study the morphometric alteration of striated muscle of castrated female rats. METHODS Twenty six female rats Wistar , distributed in two sub-groups, A and B, submitted initially to weigh-in place, vaginal cytology, ovariectomy, and biopsy of the muscle rectus femoris on the back paws, A group on right paw, and B on the left. Elapsed 20 days it was collected vaginal cytology to prove the anestrus status. After 70 days the animals went through weigh-in place, and new muscle biopsy, A group in left paw and B in right paw. The morphometric study was accomplished with the aids of a graduated lens, with reticules of 100 mm2, it was counted the myofibrils with six readings in the vertical and five in the horizontal in each sheet, being obtained a multiple number that applied on a specific formula to calculate the coefficient of muscular density. RESULTS In A the muscular density varied from 60.0 to 52.33, (p<0.05%), with variation of 14.12%, and in B from 73.5 to 54.0, (p<0.05%), with variation of 26.53%. CONCLUSION The castration provoked sarcopenia in the striated muscle and reduction of myofibrils number.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manoel de Almeida Moreira
- Laboratório de Cirurgia Experimental, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Pará.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Hubal MJ, Ingalls CP, Allen MR, Wenke JC, Hogan HA, Bloomfield SA. Effects of eccentric exercise training on cortical bone and muscle strength in the estrogen-deficient mouse. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2005; 98:1674-81. [PMID: 15649876 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00275.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether eccentrically biased exercise training could attenuate changes in muscle and bone function associated with estrogen deficiency in the mouse model. Four groups of ICR mice were used: control (Con), sham ovariectomized (Sham), ovariectomized (OVX), and ovariectomized + high-force resistance training (OVX+Train). All groups except Con were implanted with a nerve cuff surrounding the peroneal nerve to stimulate the left ankle dorsiflexors. Training consisted of 30 stimulated eccentric contractions of the left ankle dorsiflexors at approximately 150% of peak isometric torque every third day for 8 wk. After the training period, groups were not significantly different with regard to peak torque or muscle size. However, the tibial midshaft of the trained leg in the OVX+Train mice exhibited greater stiffness (+15%) than that in the untrained OVX mice, which could not be explained by changes in cross-sectional geometry of the tibia. Scaling of bone mechanical properties to muscle strength were not altered by ovariectomy or training. These data indicate that eccentric exercise training in adult mice can significantly increase bone stiffness, despite the absence of ovarian hormones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Hubal
- Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4243, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Piccone CM, Brazeau GA, McCormick KM. Effect of oestrogen on myofibre size and myosin expression in growing rats. Exp Physiol 2004; 90:87-93. [PMID: 15466459 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2004.028373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effect of oestrogen deprivation and replacement on plantaris muscle size and myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform composition in rats during a period of physiological growth. Seven-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to one of the three treatment groups: (1) control animals (Sham); (2) ovariectomized animals without oestrogen replacement (OVX/CO); and (3) ovariectomized animals with 17beta-oestradiol replacement (OVX/E2). OVX/CO and OVX/E2 animals were pair-fed with Sham animals to rule out the potentially confounding effects of differences in food intake and weight gain. Rats were killed 4 weeks after surgery and the plantaris muscle was removed for analysis. Ovariectomy had no effect on muscle fibre size, but reduced the relative amount of type IIx MHC. This was reversed with oestrogen replacement, suggesting that the reduction in type IIx MHC expression was an oestrogen-mediated effect. Oestrogen replacement reduced type IIb MHC expression and fast muscle fibre size. Changes in fast fibre size and type IIb MHC expression were not seen with ovariectomy, indicating that these changes were not simply due to the presence of oestrogen in the ovariectomized, oestrogen-replaced animals. These results suggest that another ovarian hormone may counteract the effect of oestrogen on fast fibre size and type IIb MHC expression in intact animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christy M Piccone
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University at New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Konhilas JP, Maass AH, Luckey SW, Stauffer BL, Olson EN, Leinwand LA. Sex modifies exercise and cardiac adaptation in mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2004; 287:H2768-76. [PMID: 15319208 PMCID: PMC2637113 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00292.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
How an individual's sex and genetic background modify cardiac adaptation to increased workload is a topic of great interest. We systematically evaluated morphological and physiological cardiac adaptation in response to voluntary and forced exercise. We found that sex/gender is a dominant factor in exercise performance (in two exercise paradigms and two mouse strains) and that females of one of these strains have greater capacity to increase their cardiac mass in response to similar amounts of exercise. To explore the biochemical mechanisms for these differences, we examined signaling pathways previously implicated in cardiac hypertrophy. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK) activity was significantly greater in males compared with females and increased after voluntary cage-wheel exposure in both sexes, but the proportional increase in CaMK activity was twofold higher in females compared with males. Phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) was evident after 7 days of cage-wheel exposure in both sexes and remained elevated in females only by 21 days of exercise. Despite moderate increases in myocyte enhancer factor-2 (a downstream effector of CaMK) transcriptional activity and phosphorylation of Akt with exercise, there were no sex differences. Mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling components (p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and extracellular regulated kinase 1/2) were not different between male and female mice and were not affected by exercise. We conclude that females have increased exercise capacity and increased hypertrophic response to exercise. We have also identified sex-specific differences in hypertrophic signaling within the cardiac myocyte that may contribute to sexual dimorphism in exercise and cardiac adaptation to exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John P Konhilas
- Dept. of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Univ. of Colorado, Campus Box 347, Boulder, CO 80309-0347, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|