1
|
Jin H, Kim H, Chae S, Baek Y. Virus inactivation using an electrically conducting virus filter in biopharmaceutical manufacturing process. N Biotechnol 2024; 84:24-29. [PMID: 39265838 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2024.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
Biopharmaceutical manufacturing processes using mammalian cells or plasma carry the risk of viral contamination. To mitigate these risks, it is essential to ensure viral clearance during the downstream process. Virus-retentive filters are used for size-based virus filtration, offering robust viral removal of more than 99.99%. However, virus breakthroughs have also been reported during virus filtration under certain conditions. In addition, these virus-retentive filters are disposable to ensure the safety of bioproducts, leading to significant costs and environmental concerns. In this study, innovative electrically conducting virus filters were fabricated using free-standing carbon veils (CV) and used to achieve additional virus inactivation after filtration. The viruses were captured in a CV-assisted virus filter, which was electrically heated using direct current to inactivate the viruses. This electrically conducting virus filter can inactivate viruses and can be reused up to five times. These results demonstrate that electrical conduction through electrical conducting damaged the phage capsid and eliminated the RNA genome, leading to bacteriophage inactivation. Moreover, it was confirmed that the electrically conducting virus filter could be reused up to five times without any changes to its physical or chemical structure. This study contributes to the reduction of process costs and environmental impacts by enabling the reuse of virus filters and enhancing the safety of the virus filtration process by preventing undesired virus breakthroughs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hoeun Jin
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsik Kim
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Soryong Chae
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA.
| | - Youngbin Baek
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hsu T, Talley MJ, Yang P, Geiselhoeringer A, Yang C, Gorla A, Rahman MJ, Silva L, Chen D, Yang B. Identification of infectious viruses for risk-based virus testing of CHO unprocessed bulk using next-generation sequencing. Biotechnol Prog 2024:e3485. [PMID: 39051853 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
It is important to increase manufacturing speed to make medicines more widely available. One bottleneck for CHO-based drug substance release is the in vitro viral (IVV) cell-based assay on unprocessed bulk. To increase process speed, we evaluate the suitability of replacing the IVV cell-based assay with next-generation sequencing (NGS). First, we outline how NGS is currently used in the pharmaceutical industry, and how it may apply to CHO virus testing. Second, we examine CHO virus contamination history. Since prior virus contaminants can replicate in the production bioreactor, we perform a literature search and classify 159 viruses as high, medium, low, or unknown risk based on their ability to infect CHO cells. Overall, the risk of virus contamination during the CHO manufacturing process is low. Only six viruses were reported to have contaminated CHO bioprocesses over the past several decades, and were primarily caused by fetal bovine serum or cell culture components. These virus contamination events can be mitigated through limitation and control of raw materials, combined with virus testing and virus clearance technologies. The list of CHO infectious viruses provides a starting framework for virus safety risk assessment and NGS development. Furthermore, ICH Q5A (R2) includes NGS as a molecular method for adventitious agent testing, paving a path forward for modernizing CHO virus testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Hsu
- Purification, Microbiology, and Virology, Genentech, a Member of the Roche Group, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mary Jo Talley
- Purification, Microbiology, and Virology, Genentech, a Member of the Roche Group, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ping Yang
- Purification, Microbiology, and Virology, Genentech, a Member of the Roche Group, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Angela Geiselhoeringer
- Purification, Microbiology, and Virology, Genentech, a Member of the Roche Group, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Cindy Yang
- Purification, Microbiology, and Virology, Genentech, a Member of the Roche Group, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Aditya Gorla
- Purification, Microbiology, and Virology, Genentech, a Member of the Roche Group, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - M Julhasur Rahman
- Purification, Microbiology, and Virology, Genentech, a Member of the Roche Group, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lindsey Silva
- Purification, Microbiology, and Virology, Genentech, a Member of the Roche Group, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Dayue Chen
- Purification, Microbiology, and Virology, Genentech, a Member of the Roche Group, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Bin Yang
- Purification, Microbiology, and Virology, Genentech, a Member of the Roche Group, South San Francisco, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Afzal MA, Peles J, Zydney AL. Comparative Analysis of the Impact of Protein on Virus Retention for Different Virus Removal Filters. MEMBRANES 2024; 14:158. [PMID: 39057666 PMCID: PMC11278833 DOI: 10.3390/membranes14070158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The performance of virus filters is often determined by the extent of protein fouling, which can affect both filtrate flux and virus retention. However, the mechanisms governing changes in virus retention in the presence of proteins are still not well understood. The objective of this work was to examine the effect of proteins on virus retention by both asymmetric (Viresolve® NFP and Viresolve® Pro) and relatively homogeneous (Ultipor® DV20 and PegasusTM SV4) virus filtration membranes. Experiments were performed with bacteriophage ϕX174 as a model parvovirus and human serum immunoglobulin G (hIgG) as a model protein. The virus retention in 1 g/L hIgG solutions was consistently less than that in a protein-free buffer solution by between 1 to 3 logs for the different virus filters. The virus retention profiles for the two homogeneous membranes were very similar, with the virus retention being highly correlated with the extent of flux decline. Membranes prefouled with hIgG and then challenged with phages also showed much lower virus retention, demonstrating the importance of membrane fouling; the one exception was the Viresolve® Pro membrane, which showed a similar virus retention for the prefouled and pristine membranes. Experiments in which the protein was filtered after the virus challenge demonstrated that hIgG can displace previously captured viruses from within a filter. The magnitude of these effects significantly varied for the different virus filters, likely due to differences in membrane morphology, pore size distribution, and chemistry, providing important insights into the development/application of virus filtration in bioprocessing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew L. Zydney
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, PA, USA; (M.A.A.); (J.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Masuda K, Kubota M, Nakazawa Y, Iwama C, Watanabe K, Ishikawa N, Tanabe Y, Kono S, Tanemura H, Takahashi S, Makino T, Okumura T, Horiuchi T, Nonaka K, Murakami S, Kamihira M, Omasa T. Establishment of a novel cell line, CHO-MK, derived from Chinese hamster ovary tissues for biologics manufacturing. J Biosci Bioeng 2024; 137:471-479. [PMID: 38472071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are widely used as a host for producing recombinant therapeutic proteins due to advantages such as human-like post-translational modification, correct protein folding, higher productivity, and a proven track record in biopharmaceutical development. Much effort has been made to improve the process of recombinant protein production, in terms of its yield and productivity, using conventional CHO cell lines. However, to the best of our knowledge, no attempts have been made to acquire new CHO cell lines from Chinese hamster ovary. In this study, we established and characterized a novel CHO cell line, named CHO-MK, derived from freshly isolated Chinese hamster ovary tissues. Some immortalized cell lines were established via sub-culture derived from primary culture, one of which was selected for further development toward a unique expression system design. After adapting serum-free and suspension culture conditions, the resulting cell line exhibited a considerably shorter doubling time (approximately 10 h) than conventional CHO cell lines (approximately 20 h). Model monoclonal antibody (IgG1)-producing cells were generated, and the IgG1 concentration of fed-batch culture reached approximately 5 g/L on day 8 in a 200-L bioreactor. The cell bank of CHO-MK cells was prepared as a new host and assessed for contamination by adventitious agents, with the results indicating that it was free from any such contaminants, including infectious viruses. Taking these findings together, this study showed the potential of CHO-MK cells with a shorter doubling time/process time and enhanced productivity in biologics manufacturing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Masuda
- Biologics Division, Biologics Technology Research Laboratories I, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 2716-1 Kurakake, Akaiwa, Chiyoda-machi, Gunma 370-0503, Japan; Manufacturing Technology Association of Biologics, 2-6-16 Shinkawa, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0033, Japan
| | - Michi Kubota
- Manufacturing Technology Association of Biologics, 2-6-16 Shinkawa, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0033, Japan; Chitose Laboratory Corp., KSP EAST511, 3-2-1 Sakado, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 213-0012, Japan
| | - Yuto Nakazawa
- Biologics Division, Biologics Technology Research Laboratories I, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 2716-1 Kurakake, Akaiwa, Chiyoda-machi, Gunma 370-0503, Japan
| | - Chigusa Iwama
- Manufacturing Technology Association of Biologics, 2-6-16 Shinkawa, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0033, Japan; Chitose Laboratory Corp., KSP EAST511, 3-2-1 Sakado, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 213-0012, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Watanabe
- Biologics Division, Biologics Technology Research Laboratories I, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 2716-1 Kurakake, Akaiwa, Chiyoda-machi, Gunma 370-0503, Japan
| | - Naoto Ishikawa
- Biologics Division, Biologics Technology Research Laboratories I, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 2716-1 Kurakake, Akaiwa, Chiyoda-machi, Gunma 370-0503, Japan
| | - Yumiko Tanabe
- Biologics Division, Biologics Technology Research Laboratories I, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 2716-1 Kurakake, Akaiwa, Chiyoda-machi, Gunma 370-0503, Japan
| | - Satoru Kono
- Biologics Division, Biologics Technology Research Laboratories I, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 2716-1 Kurakake, Akaiwa, Chiyoda-machi, Gunma 370-0503, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanemura
- Biologics Division, Biologics Technology Research Laboratories I, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 2716-1 Kurakake, Akaiwa, Chiyoda-machi, Gunma 370-0503, Japan
| | - Shinichi Takahashi
- Biologics Division, Biologics Technology Research Laboratories I, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 2716-1 Kurakake, Akaiwa, Chiyoda-machi, Gunma 370-0503, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Makino
- Biologics Division, Biologics Technology Research Laboratories I, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 2716-1 Kurakake, Akaiwa, Chiyoda-machi, Gunma 370-0503, Japan
| | - Takeshi Okumura
- Biologics Division, Biologics Technology Research Laboratories I, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 2716-1 Kurakake, Akaiwa, Chiyoda-machi, Gunma 370-0503, Japan; Manufacturing Technology Association of Biologics, 2-6-16 Shinkawa, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0033, Japan
| | - Takayuki Horiuchi
- Chitose Laboratory Corp., KSP EAST511, 3-2-1 Sakado, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 213-0012, Japan
| | - Koichi Nonaka
- Biologics Division, Biologics Technology Research Laboratories I, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 2716-1 Kurakake, Akaiwa, Chiyoda-machi, Gunma 370-0503, Japan; Manufacturing Technology Association of Biologics, 2-6-16 Shinkawa, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0033, Japan
| | - Sei Murakami
- Manufacturing Technology Association of Biologics, 2-6-16 Shinkawa, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0033, Japan
| | - Masamichi Kamihira
- Manufacturing Technology Association of Biologics, 2-6-16 Shinkawa, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0033, Japan; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takeshi Omasa
- Manufacturing Technology Association of Biologics, 2-6-16 Shinkawa, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0033, Japan; Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sun Y, Tang D, Li N, Wang Y, Yang M, Shen C. Development of a Rapid Epstein-Barr Virus Detection System Based on Recombinase Polymerase Amplification and a Lateral Flow Assay. Viruses 2024; 16:106. [PMID: 38257806 PMCID: PMC10818573 DOI: 10.3390/v16010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The quality of cellular products used in biological research can directly impact the ability to obtain accurate results. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a latent virus that spreads extensively worldwide, and cell lines used in experiments may carry EBV and pose an infection risk. The presence of EBV in a single cell line can contaminate other cell lines used in the same laboratory, affecting experimental results. We developed three EBV detection systems: (1) a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection system, (2) a recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA)-based detection system, and (3) a combined RPA-lateral flow assay (LFA) detection system. The minimum EBV detection limits were 1 × 103 copy numbers for the RPA-based and RPA-LFA systems and 1 × 104 copy numbers for the PCR-based system. Both the PCR and RPA detection systems were applied to 192 cell lines, and the results were consistent with those obtained by the EBV assay methods specified in the pharmaceutical industry standards of the People's Republic of China. A total of 10 EBV-positive cell lines were identified. The combined RPA-LFA system is simple to operate, allowing for rapid result visualization. This system can be implemented in laboratories and cell banks as part of a daily quality control strategy to ensure cell quality and experimental safety and may represent a potential new technique for the rapid detection of EBV in clinical samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China;
- China Center for Type Culture Collection, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (D.T.); (N.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Danni Tang
- China Center for Type Culture Collection, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (D.T.); (N.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Nan Li
- China Center for Type Culture Collection, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (D.T.); (N.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yudong Wang
- China Center for Type Culture Collection, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (D.T.); (N.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Meimei Yang
- China Center for Type Culture Collection, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (D.T.); (N.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Chao Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China;
- China Center for Type Culture Collection, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (D.T.); (N.L.); (Y.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shekari F, Alibhai FJ, Baharvand H, Börger V, Bruno S, Davies O, Giebel B, Gimona M, Salekdeh GH, Martin‐Jaular L, Mathivanan S, Nelissen I, Nolte‐’t Hoen E, O'Driscoll L, Perut F, Pluchino S, Pocsfalvi G, Salomon C, Soekmadji C, Staubach S, Torrecilhas AC, Shelke GV, Tertel T, Zhu D, Théry C, Witwer K, Nieuwland R. Cell culture-derived extracellular vesicles: Considerations for reporting cell culturing parameters. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 2:e115. [PMID: 38939735 PMCID: PMC11080896 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Cell culture-conditioned medium (CCM) is a valuable source of extracellular vesicles (EVs) for basic scientific, therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Cell culturing parameters affect the biochemical composition, release and possibly the function of CCM-derived EVs (CCM-EV). The CCM-EV task force of the Rigor and Standardization Subcommittee of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles aims to identify relevant cell culturing parameters, describe their effects based on current knowledge, recommend reporting parameters and identify outstanding questions. While some recommendations are valid for all cell types, cell-specific recommendations may need to be established for non-mammalian sources, such as bacteria, yeast and plant cells. Current progress towards these goals is summarized in this perspective paper, along with a checklist to facilitate transparent reporting of cell culturing parameters to improve the reproducibility of CCM-EV research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Shekari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product Technology Development Center (ATMP‐TDC), Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
| | | | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in BiologyUniversity of Science and CultureTehranIran
| | - Verena Börger
- Institute for Transfusion MedicineUniversity Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | - Stefania Bruno
- Department of Medical Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology CenterUniversity of TorinoTurinItaly
| | - Owen Davies
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health SciencesLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughUK
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion MedicineUniversity Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | - Mario Gimona
- GMP UnitSpinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Centre Salzburg (SCI‐TReCS) and Research Program “Nanovesicular Therapies” Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
| | | | - Lorena Martin‐Jaular
- Institut Curie, INSERM U932 and Curie CoreTech Extracellular VesiclesPSL Research UniversityParisFrance
| | - Suresh Mathivanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Inge Nelissen
- VITO (Flemish Institute for Technological Research), Health departmentBoeretangBelgium
| | - Esther Nolte‐’t Hoen
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Lorraine O'Driscoll
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Trinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Francesca Perut
- Biomedical Science and Technologies and Nanobiotechnology LabIRCCS Istituto Ortopedico RizzoliBolognaItaly
| | - Stefano Pluchino
- Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Gabriella Pocsfalvi
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResourcesNational Research CouncilNaplesItaly
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae‐Oncology Group, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Carolina Soekmadji
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | | | - Ana Claudia Torrecilhas
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Bioquímica de Fungos e Protozoários, Departamento de Ciências FarmacêuticasUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)SPBrazil
| | - Ganesh Vilas Shelke
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Tobias Tertel
- Institute for Transfusion MedicineUniversity Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg‐EssenEssenGermany
| | - Dandan Zhu
- The Ritchie CentreHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Clotilde Théry
- Institut Curie, INSERM U932 and Curie CoreTech Extracellular VesiclesPSL Research UniversityParisFrance
| | - Kenneth Witwer
- Departments of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology and Neurology and Richman Family Precision Medicine Center of Excellence in Alzheimer's DiseaseJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Rienk Nieuwland
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical CentersLocation AMC, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Amsterdam Vesicle Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location AMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xiong J, Shi Y, Pan T, Lu D, He Z, Wang D, Li X, Zhu G, Li B, Xin H. Wake-Riding Effect-Inspired Opto-Hydrodynamic Diatombot for Non-Invasive Trapping and Removal of Nano-Biothreats. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301365. [PMID: 37012610 PMCID: PMC10288256 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of nano-biothreats, such as viruses, mycoplasmas, and pathogenic bacteria, is widespread in cell cultures and greatly threatens many cell-based bio-analysis and biomanufacturing. However, non-invasive trapping and removal of such biothreats during cell culturing, particularly many precious cells, is of great challenge. Here, inspired by the wake-riding effect, a biocompatible opto-hydrodynamic diatombot (OHD) based on optical trapping navigated rotational diatom (Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin) for non-invasive trapping and removal of nano-biothreats is reported. Combining the opto-hydrodynamic effect and optical trapping, this rotational OHD enables the trapping of bio-targets down to sub-100 nm. Different nano-biothreats, such as adenoviruses, pathogenic bacteria, and mycoplasmas, are first demonstrated to be effectively trapped and removed by the OHD, without affecting culturing cells including precious cells such as hippocampal neurons. The removal efficiency is greatly enhanced via reconfigurable OHD array construction. Importantly, these OHDs show remarkable antibacterial capability, and further facilitate targeted gene delivery. This OHD serves as a smart micro-robotic platform for effective trapping and active removal of nano-biothreats in bio-microenvironments, and especially for cell culturing of many precious cells, with great promises for benefiting cell-based bio-analysis and biomanufacturing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianyun Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic ManipulationInstitute of NanophotonicsJinan UniversityGuangzhou511443P. R. China
| | - Yang Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic ManipulationInstitute of NanophotonicsJinan UniversityGuangzhou511443P. R. China
| | - Ting Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic ManipulationInstitute of NanophotonicsJinan UniversityGuangzhou511443P. R. China
| | - Dengyun Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic ManipulationInstitute of NanophotonicsJinan UniversityGuangzhou511443P. R. China
| | - Ziyi He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic ManipulationInstitute of NanophotonicsJinan UniversityGuangzhou511443P. R. China
| | - Danning Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic ManipulationInstitute of NanophotonicsJinan UniversityGuangzhou511443P. R. China
| | - Xing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic ManipulationInstitute of NanophotonicsJinan UniversityGuangzhou511443P. R. China
| | - Guoshuai Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic ManipulationInstitute of NanophotonicsJinan UniversityGuangzhou511443P. R. China
| | - Baojun Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic ManipulationInstitute of NanophotonicsJinan UniversityGuangzhou511443P. R. China
| | - Hongbao Xin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic ManipulationInstitute of NanophotonicsJinan UniversityGuangzhou511443P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Glinšek K, Bozovičar K, Bratkovič T. CRISPR Technologies in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell Line Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098144. [PMID: 37175850 PMCID: PMC10179654 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line is a well-established platform for the production of biopharmaceuticals due to its ability to express complex therapeutic proteins with human-like glycopatterns in high amounts. The advent of CRISPR technology has opened up new avenues for the engineering of CHO cell lines for improved protein production and enhanced product quality. This review summarizes recent advances in the application of CRISPR technology for CHO cell line engineering with a particular focus on glycosylation modulation, productivity enhancement, tackling adventitious agents, elimination of problematic host cell proteins, development of antibiotic-free selection systems, site-specific transgene integration, and CRISPR-mediated gene activation and repression. The review highlights the potential of CRISPR technology in CHO cell line genome editing and epigenetic engineering for the more efficient and cost-effective development of biopharmaceuticals while ensuring the safety and quality of the final product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Glinšek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Krištof Bozovičar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tomaž Bratkovič
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Weiskirchen S, Schröder SK, Buhl EM, Weiskirchen R. A Beginner's Guide to Cell Culture: Practical Advice for Preventing Needless Problems. Cells 2023; 12:682. [PMID: 36899818 PMCID: PMC10000895 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The cultivation of cells in a favorable artificial environment has become a versatile tool in cellular and molecular biology. Cultured primary cells and continuous cell lines are indispensable in investigations of basic, biomedical, and translation research. However, despite their important role, cell lines are frequently misidentified or contaminated by other cells, bacteria, fungi, yeast, viruses, or chemicals. In addition, handling and manipulating of cells is associated with specific biological and chemical hazards requiring special safeguards such as biosafety cabinets, enclosed containers, and other specialized protective equipment to minimize the risk of exposure to hazardous materials and to guarantee aseptic work conditions. This review provides a brief introduction about the most common problems encountered in cell culture laboratories and some guidelines on preventing or tackling respective problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sarah K. Schröder
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Eva Miriam Buhl
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Institute of Pathology, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu H, Ju A, Dong X, Luo Z, Tang J, Ma B, Fu Y, Luo Y. Young and undamaged recombinant albumin alleviates T2DM by improving hepatic glycolysis through EGFR and protecting islet β cells in mice. J Transl Med 2023; 21:89. [PMID: 36747238 PMCID: PMC9903539 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03957-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Albumin is the most abundant protein in serum and serves as a transporter of free fatty acids (FFA) in blood vessels. In type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, the reduced serum albumin level is a risk factor for T2DM development and progression, although this conclusion is controversial. Moreover, there is no study on the effects and mechanisms of albumin administration to relieve T2DM. We examined whether the administration of young and undamaged recombinant albumin can alleviate T2DM in mice. METHODS The serum albumin levels and metabolic phenotypes including fasting blood glucose, glucose tolerance tests, and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion were studied in db/db mice or diet-induced obesity mice treated with saline or young, undamaged, and ultrapure rMSA. Apoptosis assays were performed at tissue and cell levels to determine the function of rMSA on islet β cell protection. Metabolic flux and glucose uptake assays were employed to investigate metabolic changes in saline-treated or rMSA-treated mouse hepatocytes and compared their sensitivity to insulin treatments. RESULTS In this study, treatment of T2DM mice with young, undamaged, and ultrapure recombinant mouse serum albumin (rMSA) increased their serum albumin levels, which resulted in a reversal of the disease including reduced fasting blood glucose levels, improved glucose tolerance, increased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and alleviated islet atrophy. At the cellular level, rMSA improved glucose uptake and glycolysis in hepatocytes. Mechanistically, rMSA reduced the binding between CAV1 and EGFR to increase EGFR activation leading to PI3K-AKT activation. Furthermore, rMSA extracellularly reduced the rate of fatty acid uptake by islet β-cells, which relieved the accumulation of intracellular ceramide, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and apoptosis. This study provided the first clear demonstration that injections of rMSA can alleviate T2DM in mice. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that increasing serum albumin levels can promote glucose homeostasis and protect islet β cells, which alleviates T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Liu
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China ,grid.452723.50000 0004 7887 9190Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100084 China ,The National Engineering Research Center for Protein Technology, Beijing, 100084 China ,Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Anji Ju
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China ,The National Engineering Research Center for Protein Technology, Beijing, 100084 China ,Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Xuan Dong
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China ,The National Engineering Research Center for Protein Technology, Beijing, 100084 China ,Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Zongrui Luo
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China ,The National Engineering Research Center for Protein Technology, Beijing, 100084 China ,Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Jiaze Tang
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China ,The National Engineering Research Center for Protein Technology, Beijing, 100084 China ,Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Boyuan Ma
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China ,The National Engineering Research Center for Protein Technology, Beijing, 100084 China ,Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Yan Fu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China. .,The National Engineering Research Center for Protein Technology, Beijing, 100084, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Beijing, 100084, China. .,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Yongzhang Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China. .,Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100084, China. .,The National Engineering Research Center for Protein Technology, Beijing, 100084, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory for Protein Therapeutics, Beijing, 100084, China. .,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Suh D, Kim M, Lee C, Baek Y. Virus filtration in biopharmaceutical downstream processes: key factors and current limitations. SEPARATION & PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2022.2143379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongwoo Suh
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process (ICP), Seoul National University (SNU), Gwanak-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Basic Science, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Changha Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process (ICP), Seoul National University (SNU), Gwanak-gu, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngbin Baek
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Valiant WG, Cai K, Vallone PM. A history of adventitious agent contamination and the current methods to detect and remove them from pharmaceutical products. Biologicals 2022; 80:6-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
|
13
|
Global pore blockage - cake filtration model including pressure effects on protein fouling in virus filtration. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
14
|
Stutz H. Advances and applications of electromigration methods in the analysis of therapeutic and diagnostic recombinant proteins – A Review. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 222:115089. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
15
|
Lee DY, Lee SY, Yun SH, Jeong JW, Kim JH, Kim HW, Choi JS, Kim GD, Joo ST, Choi I, Hur SJ. Review of the Current Research on Fetal Bovine Serum and the
Development of Cultured Meat. Food Sci Anim Resour 2022; 42:775-799. [PMID: 36133630 PMCID: PMC9478980 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2022.e46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to summarize studies that investigate blood and the
main components of fetal bovine serum (FBS) in vertebrates, including major
livestock, and review the current research on commercializing cultured meat.
Detailed research on FBS is still lacking; however, some studies have shown that
FBS consists of proteins, carbohydrates, growth factors, cytokines, fats,
vitamins, minerals, hormones, non-protein nitrogen, and inorganic compounds.
However, there are few studies on how the composition of FBS differs from blood
or serum composition in adult animals, which is probably one of the main reasons
for not successfully replacing FBS. Moreover, recent studies on the development
of FBS replacers and serum-free media have shown that it is difficult to
conclude whether FBS has been completely replaced or serum-free media have been
developed successfully. Our review of the industrialization of cultured meat
reveals that many basic studies on the development of cultured meat have been
conducted, but it is assumed that the study to reduce or replace ingredients
derived from fetuses such as FBS has not yet been actively developed. Therefore,
developing inexpensive and edible media is necessary for the successful
industrialization of cultured meat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da Young Lee
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Seung Yun Lee
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Seung Hyeon Yun
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Jae Won Jeong
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Jae Hyeon Kim
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Jung Seok Choi
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk
National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Gap-Don Kim
- Graduate School of International
Agricultural Technology, Institutes of Green Bio Science and Technology,
Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | - Seon Tea Joo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21
Four), Institute of Agriculture & Life Science, Gyeongsang National
University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology,
Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Sun Jin Hur
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
- Corresponding author: Sun Jin
Hur, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong
17546, Korea, Tel: +82-31-670-4673, Fax: +82-31-670-3108, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Evaluation of protein production in rice seedlings under dark conditions. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7759. [PMID: 35545638 PMCID: PMC9095683 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11672-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Although plants have several advantages for foreign protein production, cultivation of transgenic plants in artificial plant growth facilities involves the use of a great amount of electricity for lightning and air conditioning, reducing cost-effectiveness. Protein production in plants grown in darkness can overcome this problem, but the amount of protein produced in the dark is unknown. In this study, the total amount of soluble protein produced in rice seedlings germinated and grown in light or darkness were examined at several time points after germination and under different temperature, nutritional, and seedling density conditions. Our results indicate that rice seedlings grown in darkness produce a comparable amount of total soluble protein to those grown in light. Furthermore, we found that the best conditions for protein production in dark-grown rice seedlings are large seeds germinated and grown for 10-12 days at 28 °C supplemented with Murashige and Skoog medium and 30 g/l sucrose in dense planting. Therefore, our results suggest that foreign proteins can be produced in rice seedlings in the dark, with a reduced electricity use and an increase in cost-effectiveness.
Collapse
|
17
|
Yamatoya K, Nagai Y, Teramoto N, Kang W, Miyado K, Nakata K, Yagi T, Miyamoto Y. Cryopreservation of undifferentiated and differentiated human neuronal cells. Regen Ther 2022; 19:58-68. [PMID: 35059480 PMCID: PMC8749124 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The effective use of human-derived cells that are difficult to freeze, such as parenchymal cells and differentiated cells from stem cells, is crucial. A stable supply of damage-sensitive cells, such as differentiated neuronal cells, neurons, and glial cells can contribute considerably to cell therapy. We developed a serum-free freezing solution that is effective for the cryopreservation of differentiated neuronal cells. The quality of the differentiated and undifferentiated SK-N-SH cells was determined based on cell viability, live-cell recovery rate, and morphology of cultured cells, to assess the efficacy of the freezing solutions. The viability and recovery rate of the differentiated SK-N-SH neuronal cells were reduced by approximately 1.5-folds compared to that of the undifferentiated SK-N-SH cells. The viability and recovery rate of the differentiated SK-N-SH cells were remarkably different between the freezing solutions containing 10% DMSO and that containing 10% glycerol. Cryoprotectants such as fetal bovine serum (FBS), antifreeze proteins (sericin), and sugars (maltose), are essential for protecting against freeze damage in differentiated neuronal cells and parenchymal cells. Serum-free alternatives (sericin and maltose) could increase safety during cell transplantation and regenerative medicine. Considering these, we propose an effective freezing solution for the cryopreservation of neuronal cells. The timing of freezing during cell differentiation. More effective serum-free freezing solution for differentiated neuronal cells. Improving the quality of damage-sensitive cells, such as differentiated neuronal cells.
Collapse
|
18
|
Ajayi OO, Johnson SA, Faison T, Azer N, Cullinan JL, Dement-Brown J, Lute SC. An updated analysis of viral clearance unit operations for biotechnology manufacturing. CURRENT RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crbiot.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
19
|
Fabiańska I, Borutzki S, Richter B, Tran HQ, Neubert A, Mayer D. LABRADOR-A Computational Workflow for Virus Detection in High-Throughput Sequencing Data. Viruses 2021; 13:v13122541. [PMID: 34960810 PMCID: PMC8704571 DOI: 10.3390/v13122541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput sequencing (HTS) allows detection of known and unknown viruses in samples of broad origin. This makes HTS a perfect technology to determine whether or not the biological products, such as vaccines are free from the adventitious agents, which could support or replace extensive testing using various in vitro and in vivo assays. Due to bioinformatics complexities, there is a need for standardized and reliable methods to manage HTS generated data in this field. Thus, we developed LABRADOR—an analysis pipeline for adventitious virus detection. The pipeline consists of several third-party programs and is divided into two major parts: (i) direct reads classification based on the comparison of characteristic profiles between reads and sequences deposited in the database supported with alignment of to the best matching reference sequence and (ii) de novo assembly of contigs and their classification on nucleotide and amino acid levels. To meet the requirements published in guidelines for biologicals’ safety we generated a custom nucleotide database with viral sequences. We tested our pipeline on publicly available HTS datasets and showed that LABRADOR can reliably detect viruses in mixtures of model viruses, vaccines and clinical samples.
Collapse
|
20
|
Hayes PR, Przybycien TM, Schneider JW. Viral adventitious agent detection using laser force cytology: Intrinsic cell property changes with infection and comparison to in vitro testing. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 119:134-144. [PMID: 34633076 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Adventitious agent testing in biomanufacturing requires assays of broad detection capability to screen for as many infectious agents as possible. The current gold standard for general infectious adventitious virus screening is the in vitro assay in which test articles are cultured onto a panel of different cell lines and observed for cytopathic effect (CPE). However, this assay is inherently subjective due to the nature of visual observation of cell morphology and labor and time intensive, requiring highly trained personnel to identify CPE. Laser force cytology (LFC) is an alternative, automated analytical method that uses a combination of optical and fluidic forces along with imaging to objectively and quantitatively assess CPE in cell culture. Importantly, because LFC uses no labels or antibodies, the assay is appropriate for general adventitious agent testing. Using LFC, changes in cellular features associated with virally infected cells were identified using principal component analysis. Using these features of infected cells, the sensitivity and earliness of detection with LFC was directly compared with the in vitro assay for a diverse panel of viruses incubated with chinese hamster ovary (CHO), Vero, and Medical Research Council cell strain 5 (MRC-5) cells. LFC detected viral infection with a sensitivity equal to the in vitro assay on average, but in certain virus and cell combinations including mouse minute virus (MMV) and reovirus 3 in CHO cells, detection was 4 days earlier and for MMV, the limit of detection was 10-fold lower. Overall, these results demonstrate the ability of LFC to serve as a biopharmaceutical adventitious agent testing methodology with sensitivity equivalent to the in vitro assay, but in an objective and automated manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Hayes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Todd M Przybycien
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - James W Schneider
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Barro L, Delila L, Nebie O, Wu YW, Knutson F, Watanabe N, Takahara M, Burnouf T. Removal of minute virus of mice-mock virus particles by nanofiltration of culture growth medium supplemented with 10% human platelet lysate. Cytotherapy 2021; 23:902-907. [PMID: 34238658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Platelet concentrates (PCs) are pooled to prepare human platelet lysate (HPL) supplements of growth media to expand primary human cells for transplantation; this increases the risk of contamination by known, emerging, and unknown viruses. This possibility should be of concern because viral contamination of cell cultures is difficult to detect and may have detrimental consequences for recipients of cell therapies. Viral reduction treatments of chemically defined growth media have been proposed, but they are not applicable when media contain protein supplements currently needed to expand primary cell cultures. Recently, we successfully developed a Planova 35NPlanova 20N nanofiltration sequence of growth media supplemented with two types of HPL. The nanofiltered medium was found to be suitable for mesenchymal Stromal cell (MSC) expansion. METHODS Herein, we report viral clearance achieved by this nanofiltration process used for assessing a new experimental model using non-infectious minute virus of mice-mock virus particle (MVM-MVP) and its quantification by an immunoqPCR. Then, high doses of MVM-MVP (1012 MVPs/mL) were spiked to obtain a final concentration of 1010 MVPs/mL in Planova 35N-nanofiltered growth medium supplemented with both types of HPLs [serum converted platelet lysate SCPL) and intercept human platelet lysate (I-HPL)] at 10% (v/v) and then filtering through Planova 20N. RESULTS No substantial interference of growth medium matrices by the immune-qPCR assay was first verified. Log reduction values (LRVs) were ≥ 5.43 and ≥ 5.36 respectively, SCPL and I-HPL media. MVM-MVPs were also undetectable by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. CONCLUSIONS The nanofiltration of growth media supplemented with 10% HPL provides robust removal of small nonenveloped viruses, and is an option to improve the safety of therapeutic cells expanded using HPL supplements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lassina Barro
- International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liling Delila
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ouada Nebie
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Folke Knutson
- Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine IGP, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - Thierry Burnouf
- International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; International Program in Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gemmell DK, Mack A, Wegmann S, Han D, Tuccelli R, Johnson M, Miller C. Efficacy of minute virus of mice (MVM) inactivation utilizing high temperature short time (HTST) pasteurization and suitability assessment of pasteurized, concentrated glucose feeds in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell expression systems. Eng Life Sci 2021; 21:502-513. [PMID: 34257631 PMCID: PMC8257999 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202100044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing need to provide effective adventitious agent mitigation for high risk upstream cell culture raw materials used for the production of biologics. It is also highly important in the growing fields of cell and gene therapies. Glucose is a critical raw material necessary for effective cell growth and productivity; however, glucose is the highest risk animal-origin-free raw material for viral contamination, and often the highest risk raw material in the upstream process as more companies move to chemically defined media. This study examines the efficacy of utilizing High Temperature Short Time (HTST) pasteurization for inactivation of physiochemically resistant, worst-case parvovirus using a bench-scale HTST system. We demonstrated approximately six log inactivation of Minute Virus of Mice (MVM) in concentrated glucose feeds without impacting the subsequent performance of the glucose in a Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) expression system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David Han
- MilliporeSigma/Merck Life ScienceGlasgowUK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Su J, Rice J, Hoffman J, Alvarado S, Bailey M, Kopp M, Murphy M, Kiss R, Barone PW, Wiebe ME, Springs SL, Dehghani H, Chen D. Revisiting mouse minute virus inactivation by high temperature short time treatment. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:2967-2976. [PMID: 33913515 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, high temperature short time (HTST) treatment technology has been increasingly adopted for medium treatment to mitigate the potential risk of viral contamination in mammalian cell culture GMP manufacturing facilities. Mouse minute virus (MMV), also called minute virus of mice (MVM), implicated in multiple viral contamination events is commonly used as a relevant model virus to assess the effectiveness of HTST treatment of cell culture media. However, results from different studies vary broadly in inactivation kinetics as well as log reduction factors (LRFs) achieved under given treatment conditions. To determine whether the reported discrepancies stemmed from differences in MMV strains, laboratory-scale HTST devices, medium matrices, and/or experimental designs, we have taken a collaborative approach to systematically assess the effectiveness of HTST treatment for MMV inactivation. This effort was conceptualized based on a media treatment gap analysis conducted by the Consortium on Adventitious Agent Contamination in Biomanufacturing (CAACB) under the MIT Center for Biomedical Innovation (CBI). Specifically, two different MMV strains were used to evaluate the effectiveness of HTST at various treatment conditions with regard to exposure temperature and hold time duration by two independent laboratories within two different companies. To minimize experimental variations, the two sites used the same batches of MMV stocks, the same commercially purchased medium, and the same model of thermocyclers as the laboratory-scale HTST device. The two independent laboratories yielded similar MMV inactivation kinetics and comparable LRF. No significant differences were observed between the two MMV strains evaluated, suggesting that the variations from prior studies were likely due to differences in equipment, medium matrices, or other factors. The data presented here indicate that MMV inactivation by HTST treatment obeys first-order kinetics and can be mathematically modeled using an Arrhenius equation. The model-based extrapolation provides a quantitative estimate of MMV inactivation by the current industry standard HTST condition (102°C for a hold time of 10 s) used for medium treatment. Finally, based on the data from the current study and the industry experience, it is recommended that any alternative virus barrier technologies adopted for medium treatment should provide a clearance of at least 3.0 LRF based on a worst-case model virus to effectively mitigate potential risks of viral contamination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joleen Su
- Bioproduct Research and Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jonathan Rice
- Biosafety Development Laboratory, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Jacob Hoffman
- Bioproduct Research and Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Shelley Alvarado
- Biosafety Development Laboratory, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Mark Bailey
- Bioproduct Research and Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Martina Kopp
- Biosafety Development Laboratory, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Marie Murphy
- Bioproduct Research and Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Robert Kiss
- Process and Analytical Development, Sutro Biopharma, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Paul W Barone
- Center for Biomedical Innovation, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael E Wiebe
- Center for Biomedical Innovation, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stacy L Springs
- Center for Biomedical Innovation, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Houman Dehghani
- Operations Technology, Allogene Therapeutics, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Dayue Chen
- Bioproduct Research and Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Pharma Technical Development, Genentech, a Member of the Roche Group, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bacterial Ribonuclease (Binase) Promotes Decontamination of MDBK Cell Cultures From Bovine Diarrhea Virus. BIONANOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-021-00862-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
25
|
Rhazi H, Safini N, Mikou K, Alhyane M, Lenk M, Tadlaoui KO, Elharrak M. Comparative sensitivity study of primary cells, vero, OA3.Ts and ESH-L cell lines to lumpy skin disease, sheeppox, and goatpox viruses detection and growth. J Virol Methods 2021; 293:114164. [PMID: 33864853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), sheeppox virus (SPPV) and goatpox (GTPV) virus have been usually grown on primary cells for diagnosis, production and titration purposes. The use of primary cells present several inconvenient, heavy preparation, heterogeneous cell population, non-reproducible viral titration and presence of potential endogenous contaminants. Therefore investigating sensitivity of candidate continuous cell lines is needed. In this study, we compared the above Capripox viruses (CaPVs) sensitivity of primary cells of four origin (heart, skin, testis and kidney), with three cell lines (Vero, OA3.Ts and ESH-L). We tested sensitivity for virus isolation, replication cycle and titration, revealed by cytopathic effect (CPE), immunoenzymatic staining and immunofluorescence. Our results show that ESH-L cells and primary fetal heart cells present the highest sensitivity for CaPVs growth and detection. Vero cells can replicate those viruses but without showing any CPE while the titer obtained on OA3.Ts is lower than primary and ESH-L cells. ESH-L cells are an effective alternative to primary cells use for growing Capripoxviruses and their diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Halima Rhazi
- Laboratory of functional and environmental ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Imouzzer Road, BP 2202 Fez, Morocco; Laboratory of Research and Development virology, MCI Animal Health, Lot. 157, Zone Industrielle Sud-Ouest (ERAC) B.P: 278, 28810 Mohammedia, Morocco.
| | - Najete Safini
- Laboratory of Research and Development virology, MCI Animal Health, Lot. 157, Zone Industrielle Sud-Ouest (ERAC) B.P: 278, 28810 Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - Karima Mikou
- Laboratory of functional and environmental ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Imouzzer Road, BP 2202 Fez, Morocco
| | - Meryeme Alhyane
- Laboratory of Research and Development virology, MCI Animal Health, Lot. 157, Zone Industrielle Sud-Ouest (ERAC) B.P: 278, 28810 Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - Matthias Lenk
- Departement of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Collection of Cell Lines in Veterinary Medicine, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, D-17493, Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Khalid Omari Tadlaoui
- Laboratory of Research and Development virology, MCI Animal Health, Lot. 157, Zone Industrielle Sud-Ouest (ERAC) B.P: 278, 28810 Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - Mehdi Elharrak
- Laboratory of Research and Development virology, MCI Animal Health, Lot. 157, Zone Industrielle Sud-Ouest (ERAC) B.P: 278, 28810 Mohammedia, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Rahmani A, Baee M, Saleki K, Moradi S, Nouri HR. Applying high throughput and comprehensive immunoinformatics approaches to design a trivalent subunit vaccine for induction of immune response against emerging human coronaviruses SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:6097-6113. [PMID: 33509045 PMCID: PMC7852294 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1876774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Coronaviruses (CoVs) cause diseases such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, this study was conducted to combat major CoVs via a trivalent subunit vaccine, which was engineered by implementing sequences of spike (S) protein, nucleocapsid (N), envelope (E), membrane (M) protein, non-structural protein (nsp) 3, and nsp8 antigens. The CTL, HTL, MHC I, and IFN-γ epitopes were predicted via CTLPRED, IEDB, and IFN epitope servers, respectively. Also, to stimulate strong helper T lymphocytes (HTLs) responses, Pan HLA DR-binding epitope (PADRE) was used. Also, for boosting the immune response, β-defensin 2 was added to the construct as an adjuvant. Furthermore, TAT was applied to the vaccine to facilitate the intracellular delivery. Finally, TAT, adjuvant, PADRE, and selected epitopes were appropriately assembled. Based on the predicted epitopes, a trivalent multi-epitope vaccine with a molecular weight of 74.8 kDa was constructed. Further analyses predicted the molecule to be a strong antigen, and a non-allergenic and soluble protein. Secondary and tertiary structures were predicted. Additionally, analyses validated the stability of the proposed vaccine. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) showed binding affinity and stability of the vaccine-TLR3 complex was favorable. The predicted epitopes demonstrated a strong potential to stimulate T and B-cell mediated immune responses. Furthermore, codon optimization and in silico cloning guaranteed increased expression. In summary, investigations demonstrated that this next-generation approach might provide a new horizon for the development of a highly immunogenic vaccine against SARS‐CoV, MERS‐CoV, and SARS-CoV-2. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Rahmani
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,USERN Office, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Masoud Baee
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,USERN Office, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Kiarash Saleki
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,USERN Office, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Saead Moradi
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,USERN Office, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Nouri
- USERN Office, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Immunoregulation Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Li Y, Yang HY, Lee DS. Advances in biodegradable and injectable hydrogels for biomedical applications. J Control Release 2020; 330:151-160. [PMID: 33309972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In situ-forming injectable hydrogels are smart biomaterials that can be implanted into living bodies with minimal invasion. Due to pioneer work of Prof. Sung Wan Kim in this field, injectable hydrogels have shown great potentials in many different biomedical applications. Biodegradable and injectable hydrogels can be administered at room temperature as viscous polymer sols. They will degrade after accomplishing their tasks. Before injecting into living bodies, active substances can be loaded into viscous polymer sols with a high loading efficiency by simple mixing. After injecting into living bodies, active substances-loaded hydrogels can be formed and active substances can be released in a controlled manner upon diffusion or polymer degradation. Due to their outstanding properties and unique features, injectable hydrogels are very promising in many biomedical applications including drug/protein/gene delivery, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. In this review, we briefly introduce recent development of several important types of in situ-forming injectable hydrogels reported by our group during the last three years. Important properties and potential applications (such as cancer therapy, insulin release and wound healing) of these injectable hydrogels are reviewed. Challenges and perspectives in this research field are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- College of Materials and Textile Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, PR China; Nanotechnology Research Institute (NRI), Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Hong Yu Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin City 132022, PR China
| | - Doo Sung Lee
- Theranostic Macromolecules Research Center and School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Manukyan L, Marinaki ME, Mihranyan A. Would 20 nm Filtered Fetal Bovine Serum-Supplemented Media Support Growth of CHO and HEK-293 Cells? ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:8344-8351. [PMID: 33381749 PMCID: PMC7756488 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Virus safety of fetal bovine serum
(FBS) is a critical issue for
cell culture and clinical applications of cell therapies. The size
exclusion filtration of FBS-supplemented cell culture media through
small-size virus retentive filter paper is presented to investigate
its effect on cell culture. A substantial proportion of proteins (ca.
45%) was removed by nanofiltration, yet important transport proteins
(albumin, fetuins, macroglobulins, transferrin) were unaffected. The
cell viability of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and human embryonic
kidney 293 (HEK-293) cells that were grown in media supplemented with
nanofiltered FBS was surprisingly high, despite the observed protein
losses. Protein depletion following nanofiltration resulted in detectable
levels of autophagy markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Levon Manukyan
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Box 35, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria-Eleni Marinaki
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Box 35, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Albert Mihranyan
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Box 35, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sarkar B, Ullah MA, Araf Y, Rahman MS. Engineering a novel subunit vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 by exploring immunoinformatics approach. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2020; 21:100478. [PMID: 33200088 PMCID: PMC7656168 DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2020.100478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As the number of infections and deaths caused by the recent COVID-19 pandemic is increasing dramatically day-by-day, scientists are rushing towards developing possible countermeasures to fight the deadly virus, SARS-CoV-2. Although many efforts have already been put forward for developing potential vaccines; however, most of them are proved to possess negative consequences. Therefore, in this study, immunoinformatics methods were exploited to design a novel epitope-based subunit vaccine against the SARS-CoV-2, targeting four essential proteins of the virus i.e., spike glycoprotein, nucleocapsid phosphoprotein, membrane glycoprotein, and envelope protein. The highly antigenic, non-allergenic, non-toxic, non-human homolog, and 100% conserved (across other isolates from different regions of the world) epitopes were used for constructing the vaccine. In total, fourteen CTL epitopes and eighteen HTL epitopes were used to construct the vaccine. Thereafter, several in silico validations i.e., the molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation (including the RMSF and RMSD studies), and immune simulation studies were also performed which predicted that the designed vaccine should be quite safe, effective, and stable within the biological environment. Finally, in silico cloning and codon adaptation studies were also conducted to design an effective mass production strategy of the vaccine. However, more in vitro and in vivo studies are required on the predicted vaccine to finally validate its safety and efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bishajit Sarkar
- COVID Research Cell (CRC), Wazed Miah Science Research Centre (WMSRC), Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Asad Ullah
- COVID Research Cell (CRC), Wazed Miah Science Research Centre (WMSRC), Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Yusha Araf
- COVID Research Cell (CRC), Wazed Miah Science Research Centre (WMSRC), Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Shahedur Rahman
- COVID Research Cell (CRC), Wazed Miah Science Research Centre (WMSRC), Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Loiseau V, Cordaux R, Giraud I, Beby-Defaux A, Lévêque N, Gilbert C. Characterization of a new case of XMLV (Bxv1) contamination in the human cell line Hep2 (clone 2B). Sci Rep 2020; 10:16046. [PMID: 32994520 PMCID: PMC7524804 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73169-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of misidentified cell lines contaminated by other cell lines and/or microorganisms has generated much confusion in the scientific literature. Detailed characterization of such contaminations is therefore crucial to avoid misinterpretation and ensure robustness and reproducibility of research. Here we use DNA-seq data produced in our lab to first confirm that the Hep2 (clone 2B) cell line (Sigma-Aldrich catalog number: 85011412-1VL) is indistinguishable from the HeLa cell line by mapping integrations of the human papillomavirus 18 (HPV18) at their expected loci on chromosome 8. We then show that the cell line is also contaminated by a xenotropic murine leukemia virus (XMLV) that is nearly identical to the mouse Bxv1 provirus and we characterize one Bxv1 provirus, located in the second intron of the pseudouridylate synthase 1 (PUS1) gene. Using an RNA-seq dataset, we confirm the high expression of the E6 and E7 HPV18 oncogenes, show that the entire Bxv1 genome is moderately expressed, and retrieve a Bxv1 splicing event favouring expression of the env gene. Hep2 (clone 2B) is the fourth human cell line so far known to be contaminated by the Bxv1 XMLV. This contamination has to be taken into account when using the cell line in future experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Loiseau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement et Écologie, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Richard Cordaux
- Université de Poitiers, CNRS UMR 7267 Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe Ecologie Evolution Symbiose, 5 Rue Albert Turpain, TSA 51106, 86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Isabelle Giraud
- Université de Poitiers, CNRS UMR 7267 Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe Ecologie Evolution Symbiose, 5 Rue Albert Turpain, TSA 51106, 86073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Agnès Beby-Defaux
- Laboratoire de Virologie et de Mycobactériologie, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,Unité de Microbiologie Moléculaire et Séquençage, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Nicolas Lévêque
- Laboratoire de Virologie et de Mycobactériologie, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,EA4331-LITEC, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Clément Gilbert
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement et Écologie, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sarkar B, Ullah MA, Araf Y, Das S, Hosen MJ. Blueprint of epitope-based multivalent and multipathogenic vaccines: targeted against the dengue and zika viruses. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:6882-6902. [PMID: 32772811 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1804456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Both dengue virus (DENV) and zika virus (ZIKV) belong to the highly infectious Flaviviridae family that has already caused several outbreaks and epidemics in many countries. DENV and ZIKV cause two of the most wide spread mosquito-borne viral diseases in the world, dengue fever (DENF) and zika fever (ZIKF), respectively. In many regions around the world, both of these diseases can outbreak together and can be lethal as well as life-threatening. Unfortunately, there is no functional and satisfactory vaccine available to combat these viruses. Therefore, in this study, we have attempted to design a blue print of potential multivalent and multipathogenic vaccines using immunoinformatics approach, which can combat both the DENV and ZIKV infections, simultaneously. Initially, three vaccines were designed; containing highly antigenic, non-allergenic, and non-toxic epitopes of T-cell (100% conserved) and B-cell from all the four DENV serotypes and ZIKV. In total, nine cytotoxic T-lymphocytic (CTL), nine helper T-lymphocytic (HTL), and seven B-cell lymphocytic (BCL) epitopes were used to construct three vaccines using three different adjuvants, designated as 'V1', 'V2', and 'V3'. Later, V3 was found to be the best vaccine construct, determined by molecular docking analysis. Thereafter, several in silico validation studies including molecular dynamics simulation and immune simulation were performed which indicated that V3 might be quite stable and should generate substantial immune response in the biological environment. However, further in vivo and in vitro validation might be required to finally confirm the safety and efficacy of our suggested vaccine constructs.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bishajit Sarkar
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Asad Ullah
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Yusha Araf
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Sowmen Das
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Physical Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Jakir Hosen
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Erez T, Chejanovsky N. Infection of a Lepidopteran Cell Line with Deformed Wing Virus. Viruses 2020; 12:E739. [PMID: 32659903 PMCID: PMC7412015 DOI: 10.3390/v12070739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many attempts to develop a reliable cell cultured-based system to study honey bee virus infections have encountered substantial difficulties. We investigated the ability of a cell line from a heterologous insect to sustain infection by a honey bee virus. For this purpose, we infected the Lepidopteran hemocytic cell line (P1) with Deformed wing virus (DWV). The genomic copies of DWV increased upon infection, as monitored by quantitative RT-PCR. Moreover, a tagged-primer-based RT-PCR analysis showed the presence of DWV negative-sense RNA in the cells, indicating virus replication. However, the DWV from infected cells was mildly infectious to P1 cells. Similar results were obtained when the virus was injected into Apis mellifera pupae. Thus, though the virus yields from the infected cells appeared to be very low, we show for the first time that DWV can replicate in a heterologous cell line. Given the availability of many other insect cell lines, our study paves the way for future exploration in this direction. In the absence of adequate A. mellifera cell lines, exploring the ability of alternative cell lines to enable honey bee virus infections could provide the means to study and understand the viral infectious cycle at the cellular level and facilitate obtaining purified isolates of these viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nor Chejanovsky
- Department of Entomology Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon Lezion 7528809, Israel;
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sarkar B, Ullah MA, Johora FT, Taniya MA, Araf Y. Immunoinformatics-guided designing of epitope-based subunit vaccines against the SARS Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Immunobiology 2020; 225:151955. [PMID: 32517882 PMCID: PMC7211625 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2020.151955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SARS Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has become a global issue which has raised the concern of scientific community to design and discover a counter-measure against this deadly virus. So far, the pandemic has caused the death of hundreds of thousands of people upon infection and spreading. To date, no effective vaccine is available which can combat the infection caused by this virus. Therefore, this study was conducted to design possible epitope-based subunit vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2 virus using the approaches of reverse vaccinology and immunoinformatics. Upon continual computational experimentation, three possible vaccine constructs were designed and one vaccine construct was selected as the best vaccine based on molecular docking study which is supposed to effectively act against the SARS-CoV-2. Thereafter, the molecular dynamics simulation and in silico codon adaptation experiments were carried out in order to check biological stability and find effective mass production strategy of the selected vaccine. This study should contribute to uphold the present efforts of the researches to secure a definitive preventative measure against this lethal disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bishajit Sarkar
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Asad Ullah
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Fatema Tuz Johora
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Masuma Afrin Taniya
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Independent University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Yusha Araf
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ullah MA, Sarkar B, Islam SS. Exploiting the reverse vaccinology approach to design novel subunit vaccines against Ebola virus. Immunobiology 2020; 225:151949. [PMID: 32444135 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2020.151949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Ebola virus is a highly pathogenic RNA virus that causes the Ebola haemorrhagic fever in human. This virus is considered as one of the dangerous viruses in the world with very high mortality rate. To date, no epitope-based subunit vaccine has yet been discovered to fight against Ebola although the outbreaks of this deadly virus took many lives in the past. In this study, approaches of reverse vaccinology were utilized in combination with different tools of immunoinformatics to design subunit vaccines against Ebola virus strain Mayinga-76. Three potential antigenic proteins of this virus i.e., matrix protein VP40, envelope glycoprotein and nucleoprotein were selected to construct the subunit vaccine. The MHC class-I, MHC class-II and B-cell epitopes were determined initially and after some robust analysis i.e., antigenicity, allergenicity, toxicity, conservancy and molecular docking study, EV-1, EV-2 and EV-3 were constructed as three potential vaccine constructs. These vaccine constructs are also expected to be effective on few other strains of Ebola virus since the highly conserved epitopes were used for vaccine construction. Thereafter, molecular docking study was conducted on these vaccines and EV-1 emerged as the best vaccine construct. Afterward, molecular dynamics simulation study revealed the good performances and stability of the intended vaccine protein. Finally, codon adaptation and in silico cloning were carried out to design a possible plasmid (pET-19b plasmid vector was used) for large scale production of the EV-1 vaccine. However, further in vitro and in vivo studies might be required on the predicted vaccines for final validation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Asad Ullah
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Bishajit Sarkar
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Syed Sajidul Islam
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Barone PW, Wiebe ME, Leung JC, Hussein ITM, Keumurian FJ, Bouressa J, Brussel A, Chen D, Chong M, Dehghani H, Gerentes L, Gilbert J, Gold D, Kiss R, Kreil TR, Labatut R, Li Y, Müllberg J, Mallet L, Menzel C, Moody M, Monpoeho S, Murphy M, Plavsic M, Roth NJ, Roush D, Ruffing M, Schicho R, Snyder R, Stark D, Zhang C, Wolfrum J, Sinskey AJ, Springs SL. Viral contamination in biologic manufacture and implications for emerging therapies. Nat Biotechnol 2020; 38:563-572. [DOI: 10.1038/s41587-020-0507-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
36
|
Guo Y, Goodman CL, Stanley DW, Bonning BC. Cell Lines for Honey Bee Virus Research. Viruses 2020; 12:E236. [PMID: 32093360 PMCID: PMC7077248 DOI: 10.3390/v12020236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
With ongoing colony losses driven in part by the Varroa mite and the associated exacerbation of the virus load, there is an urgent need to protect honey bees (Apis mellifera) from fatal levels of virus infection and from the non-target effects of insecticides used in agricultural settings. A continuously replicating cell line derived from the honey bee would provide a valuable tool for the study of molecular mechanisms of virus-host interaction, for the screening of antiviral agents for potential use within the hive, and for the assessment of the risk of current and candidate insecticides to the honey bee. However, the establishment of a continuously replicating honey bee cell line has proved challenging. Here, we provide an overview of attempts to establish primary and continuously replicating hymenopteran cell lines, methods (including recent results) of establishing honey bee cell lines, challenges associated with the presence of latent viruses (especially Deformed wing virus) in established cell lines and methods to establish virus-free cell lines. We also describe the potential use of honey bee cell lines in conjunction with infectious clones of honey bee viruses for examination of fundamental virology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya Guo
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Cynthia L. Goodman
- Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory, USDA/Agricultural Research Service, Columbia, MO 65203, USA; (C.L.G.); (D.W.S.)
| | - David W. Stanley
- Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory, USDA/Agricultural Research Service, Columbia, MO 65203, USA; (C.L.G.); (D.W.S.)
| | - Bryony C. Bonning
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sarkar B, Ullah MA, Araf Y. A systematic and reverse vaccinology approach to design novel subunit vaccines against Dengue virus type-1 (DENV-1) and human Papillomavirus-16 (HPV-16). INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2020.100343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
|
38
|
Azim KF, Hasan M, Hossain MN, Somana SR, Hoque SF, Bappy MNI, Chowdhury AT, Lasker T. Immunoinformatics approaches for designing a novel multi epitope peptide vaccine against human norovirus (Norwalk virus). INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 74:103936. [PMID: 31233780 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.103936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Norovirus is known as a major cause of several acute gastroenteritis (AGE) outbreaks each year. A study was conducted to develop a unique multi epitope subunit vaccine against human norovirus by adopting reverse vaccinology approach. The entire viral proteome of Norwalk virus was retrieved and allowed for further in silico study to predict highly antigenic epitopes through antigenicity, transmembrane topology screening, allergenicity assessment, toxicity analysis, population coverage analysis and molecular docking approach. Capsid protein VP1 and protein VP2 were identified as most antigenic viral proteins which generated a plethora of antigenic epitopes. Physicochemical properties and secondary structure of the designed vaccine were assessed to ensure its thermostability, hydrophilicity, theoretical PI and structural behavior. Molecular docking analysis of the refined vaccine with different MHCs and human immune TLR8 receptor demonstrated higher binding interaction as well. Complexed structure of the modeled vaccine and TLR8 showed minimal deformability at molecular level. The designed construct was reverse transcribed and adapted for E. coli strain K12 prior to insertion within pET28a(+) vector for its heterologous cloning and expression, and sequence of vaccine constructs showed no similarity with human proteins. However, the study could initiate in vitro and in vivo studies regarding effective vaccine development against human norovirus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazi Faizul Azim
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh; Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Mahmudul Hasan
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh; Department of Pharmaceuticals and Industrial Biotechnology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Md Nazmul Hossain
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh; Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh.
| | - Saneya Risa Somana
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Syeda Farjana Hoque
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Md Nazmul Islam Bappy
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Anjum Taiebah Chowdhury
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Tahera Lasker
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Combating viral contaminants in CHO cells by engineering innate immunity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8827. [PMID: 31222165 PMCID: PMC6586939 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45126-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral contamination in biopharmaceutical manufacturing can lead to shortages in the supply of critical therapeutics. To facilitate the protection of bioprocesses, we explored the basis for the susceptibility of CHO cells to RNA virus infection. Upon infection with certain ssRNA and dsRNA viruses, CHO cells fail to generate a significant interferon (IFN) response. Nonetheless, the downstream machinery for generating IFN responses and its antiviral activity is intact in these cells: treatment of cells with exogenously-added type I IFN or poly I:C prior to infection limited the cytopathic effect from Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), and Reovirus-3 virus (Reo-3) in a STAT1-dependent manner. To harness the intrinsic antiviral mechanism, we used RNA-Seq to identify two upstream repressors of STAT1: Gfi1 and Trim24. By knocking out these genes, the engineered CHO cells exhibited activation of cellular immune responses and increased resistance to the RNA viruses tested. Thus, omics-guided engineering of mammalian cell culture can be deployed to increase safety in biotherapeutic protein production among many other biomedical applications.
Collapse
|
40
|
Hasan M, Azim KF, Begum A, Khan NA, Shammi TS, Imran AS, Chowdhury IM, Urme SRA. Vaccinomics strategy for developing a unique multi-epitope monovalent vaccine against Marburg marburgvirus. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 70:140-157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
41
|
Sipple P, Nguyen T, Patel K, Jaffe N, Chen Y, Khetan A. Suitability of a generic virus safety evaluation for monoclonal antibody investigational new drug applications. Biotechnol Prog 2019; 35:e2850. [PMID: 31125511 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Biologics produced from CHO cell lines with endogenous virus DNA can produce retrovirus-like particles in cell culture at high titers, and other adventitious viruses can find their way through raw materials into the process to make a product. Therefore, it is the industry standard to have controls to avoid introduction of viruses into the production process, to test for the presence of viral particles in unclarified cell culture, and to develop purification procedures to ensure that manufacturing processes are robust for viral clearance. Data have been accumulated over the past four decades on unit operations that can inactivate and clear adventitious virus and provide a high degree of assurance for patient safety. During clinical development, biological products are traditionally tested at process set points for viral clearance. However, the widespread implementation of platform production processes to produce highly similar IgG antibodies for many indications makes it possible to leverage historical data and knowledge from representative molecules to allow for better understanding and control of virus safety. More recently, individualized viral clearance studies are becoming the rate-limiting step in getting new antibody molecules to clinic, particularly in Phase 0 and eIND situations. Here, we explore considerations for application of a generic platform virus clearance strategy that can be applied for relevant investigational antibodies within defined operational parameters in order to increase speed to the clinic and reduce validation costs while providing a better understanding and assurance of process virus safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Sipple
- Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Tung Nguyen
- Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Krina Patel
- Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Neil Jaffe
- Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Yan Chen
- Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Anurag Khetan
- Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Khosravi R, Hosseini SN, Javidanbardan A, Khatami M, Kaghazian H, Mousavi Nasab SD. Optimization of non-detergent treatment for enveloped virus inactivation using the Taguchi design of experimental methodology (DOE). Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 49:686-694. [PMID: 31035907 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2019.1599398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In mammalian cell culture technology, viral contamination is one of the main challenges; and, so far, various strategies have been taken to remove or inactivate viruses in the cell-line production process. The suitability and feasibility of each method are determined by different factors including effectiveness in target virus inactivation, maintaining recombinant protein stability, easiness-in terms of the process condition, cost-effectiveness, and eco-friendliness. In this research, Taguchi design-of-experiments (DOE) methodology was used to optimize a non-detergent viral inactivation method via considering four factors of temperature, time, pH, and alcohol concentration in an unbiased (orthogonal) fashion with low influence of nuisance factors. Herpes Simplex Virus-1 (HSV1) and Vero cell-line were used as models for enveloped viruses and cell-line, respectively. Examining the cytopathic effects (CPE) in different dilutions showed that pH (4), alcohol (15%), time (120 min), and temperature (25 °C) were the optimal points for viral inactivation. Evaluating the significance of each parameter in the HSV-1 inactivation using Taguchi and ANOVA analyses, the contributions of pH, alcohol, temperature and time were 56.5%, 19.2%, 12%, and 12%, respectively. Examining the impact of the optimal viral treatment condition on the stability of model recombinant protein-recombinant human erythropoietin, no destabilization was detected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roya Khosravi
- a Department of Recombinant Hepatitis B Vaccine, Production and Research Complex , Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Seyed Nezamedin Hosseini
- a Department of Recombinant Hepatitis B Vaccine, Production and Research Complex , Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran.,b Viral Vaccines Research Center , Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Amin Javidanbardan
- a Department of Recombinant Hepatitis B Vaccine, Production and Research Complex , Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Maryam Khatami
- a Department of Recombinant Hepatitis B Vaccine, Production and Research Complex , Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Hooman Kaghazian
- a Department of Recombinant Hepatitis B Vaccine, Production and Research Complex , Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran.,b Viral Vaccines Research Center , Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Seyed Dawood Mousavi Nasab
- a Department of Recombinant Hepatitis B Vaccine, Production and Research Complex , Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran , Iran
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Manukyan L, Padova J, Mihranyan A. Virus removal filtration of chemically defined Chinese Hamster Ovary cells medium with nanocellulose-based size exclusion filter. Biologicals 2019; 59:62-67. [PMID: 30871931 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sterility of bioreactors in biotherapeutic processing remains a significant challenge. Virus removal size-exclusion filtration is a robust and highly efficient approach to remove viruses. This article investigates the virus removal capacity of nanocellulose-based filter for upstream bioprocessing of chemically defined Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells medium containing Pluronic F-68 (PowerCHO™, Lonza) and supplemented with insulin-transferrin-selenium (ITS) at varying process parameters. Virus retention was assessed by spiking ITS-supplemented PowerCHO™ medium with small-size ΦX174 phage (28 nm) as a surrogate for mammalian parvoviruses. The nanocellulose-based size exclusion filter showed high virus retention capacity (over 4 log10) and high flow rates (around 180 L m-2 h-1). The filter had no impact on ITS supplements during filtration. It was further shown that the filtered PowerCHO™ medium supported cell culture growth with no impact on cell viability, morphology, and confluence. The results of this work show new opportunities in developing cost-efficient virus removal filters for upstream bioprocessing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Levon Manukyan
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Box 534, Uppsala University, 752121, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Justine Padova
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Box 534, Uppsala University, 752121, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Albert Mihranyan
- Nanotechnology and Functional Materials, Department of Engineering Sciences, Box 534, Uppsala University, 752121, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Manukyan L, Li P, Gustafsson S, Mihranyan A. Growth media filtration using nanocellulose-based virus removal filter for upstream biopharmaceutical processing. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
45
|
Rabbani G, Ahn SN. Structure, enzymatic activities, glycation and therapeutic potential of human serum albumin: A natural cargo. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 123:979-990. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
46
|
Buyel JF. Plant Molecular Farming - Integration and Exploitation of Side Streams to Achieve Sustainable Biomanufacturing. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 9:1893. [PMID: 30713542 PMCID: PMC6345721 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plants have unique advantages over other systems such as mammalian cells for the production of valuable small molecules and proteins. The benefits cited most often include safety due to the absence of replicating human pathogens, simplicity because sterility is not required during production, scalability due to the potential for open-field cultivation with transgenic plants, and the speed of transient expression potentially providing gram quantities of product in less than 4 weeks. Initially there were also significant drawbacks, such as the need to clarify feed streams with a high particle burden and the large quantities of host cell proteins, but efficient clarification is now readily achieved. Several additional advantages have also emerged reflecting the fact that plants are essentially biodegradable, single-use bioreactors. This article will focus on the exploitation of this concept for the production of biopharmaceutical proteins, thus improving overall process economics. Specifically, we will discuss the single-use properties of plants, the sustainability of the production platform, and the commercial potential of different biomass side streams. We find that incorporating these side streams through rational process integration has the potential to more than double the revenue that can currently be achieved using plant-based production systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes F. Buyel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Aachen, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Uphoff CC, Pommerenke C, Denkmann SA, Drexler HG. Screening human cell lines for viral infections applying RNA-Seq data analysis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210404. [PMID: 30629668 PMCID: PMC6328144 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Monitoring viral infections of cell cultures is largely neglected although the viruses may have an impact on the physiology of cells and may constitute a biohazard regarding laboratory safety and safety of bioactive agents produced by cell cultures. PCR, immunological assays, and enzyme activity tests represent common methods to detect virus infections. We have screened more than 300 Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia RNA sequencing and 60 whole exome sequencing human cell lines data sets for specific viral sequences and general viral nucleotide and protein sequence assessment applying the Taxonomer bioinformatics tool developed by IDbyDNA. The results were compared with our previous findings from virus specific PCR analyses. Both, the results obtained from the direct alignment method and the Taxonomer alignment method revealed a complete concordance with the PCR results: twenty cell lines were found to be infected with five virus species. Taxonomer further uncovered a bovine polyomavirus infection in the breast cancer cell line SK-BR-3 most likely introduced by contaminated fetal bovine serum. RNA-Seq data sets were more sensitive for virus detection although a significant proportion of cell lines revealed low numbers of virus specific alignments attributable to low level nucleotide contamination during RNA preparation or sequencing procedure. Low quality reads leading to Taxonomer false positive results can be eliminated by trimming the sequence data before analysis. One further important result is that no viruses were detected that had never been shown to occur in cell cultures. The results prove that the currently applied testing of cell cultures is adequate for the detection of contamination and for the risk assessment of cell cultures. The results emphasize that next generation sequencing is an efficient tool to determine the viral infection status of human cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cord C. Uphoff
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz Institute DSMZ—German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Claudia Pommerenke
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz Institute DSMZ—German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sabine A. Denkmann
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz Institute DSMZ—German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hans G. Drexler
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz Institute DSMZ—German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Colby LA, Zitzow L. Applied Institutional Approaches for the Evaluation and Management of Zoonoses in Contemporary Laboratory Animal Research Facilities. ILAR J 2018; 59:134-143. [DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ily016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Zoonoses, diseases transmitted between animals and humans, have been a concern in laboratory animal medicine for decades. Exposure to zoonotic organisms not only poses health risks to personnel and research animals but may also affect research integrity. Early laboratory animal programs were ineffective at excluding and preventing transmission of zoonotic diseases: the health status of the animals were often unknown, endemic diseases occurred frequently, housing conditions were less controlled, and veterinary care programs were decentralized. Over time, these conditions improved, but despite this, zoonotic diseases remain a contemporary concern. To reduce the incidence of zoonoses, management should perform an accurate risk assessment that takes into account the type of research performed, animal species used, animal sources, and housing conditions. Specific research practices, such as the use of biological materials, can also affect the risk assessment and should be considered. Once identified, the characteristics of significant zoonotic organisms can be examined. In addition, personnel attitudes and training, facility design and management, equipment availability, personal protective equipment used, standard operating procedures, and the institution’s vermin control program can impact the risk assessment. The effectiveness of the occupational health and safety program at managing risks of zoonoses should also be examined. Risk assessment, in the context of zoonotic disease prevention, is a complex exercise and is most effective when a team approach is used and includes research, husbandry, veterinary, and biosafety personnel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lesley A Colby
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lois Zitzow
- Department of Population Health, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
A reassessment of DNA-immunoprecipitation-based genomic profiling. Nat Methods 2018; 15:499-504. [PMID: 29941872 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-018-0038-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
DNA immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (DIP-seq) is a common enrichment method for profiling DNA modifications in mammalian genomes. However, the results of independent DIP-seq studies often show considerable variation between profiles of the same genome and between profiles obtained by alternative methods. Here we show that these differences are primarily due to the intrinsic affinity of IgG for short unmodified DNA repeats. This pervasive experimental error accounts for 50-99% of regions identified as 'enriched' for DNA modifications in DIP-seq data. Correction of this error profoundly altered DNA-modification profiles for numerous cell types, including mouse embryonic stem cells, and subsequently revealed novel associations among DNA modifications, chromatin modifications and biological processes. We conclude that both matched input and IgG controls are essential in order for the results of DIP-based assays to be interpreted correctly, and that complementary, non-antibody-based techniques should be used to validate DIP-based findings to avoid further misinterpretation of genome-wide profiling data.
Collapse
|
50
|
Vaidya V, Dhere R, Agnihotri S, Muley R, Patil S, Pawar A. Ultraviolet-C irradiation for inactivation of viruses in foetal bovine serum. Vaccine 2018; 36:4215-4221. [PMID: 29891350 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Foetal Bovine Serum (FBS) and porcine trypsin are one of the essential raw materials used in the manufacturing of cell culture based viral vaccines. Being from animal origin, these raw materials can potentially contaminate the final product by known or unknown adventitious agents. The issue is more serious in case of live attenuated viral vaccines, where there is no inactivation step which can take care of such adventitious agents. It is essential to design production processes which can offer maximum viral clearance potential for animal origin products. Ultraviolet-C irradiation is known to inactivate various adventitious viral agents; however there are limited studies on ultraviolet inactivation of viruses in liquid media. We obtained a recently developed UVivatec ultraviolet-C (UV-C) irradiation based viral clearance system for evaluating its efficacy to inactivate selected model viruses. This system has a unique design with spiral path of liquid allowing maximum exposure to UV-C light of a short wavelength of 254 nm. Five live attenuated vaccine viruses and four other model viruses were spiked in tissue culture media and exposed to UV-C irradiation. The pre and post UV-C irradiation samples were analyzed for virus content to find out the extent of inactivation of various viruses. These experiments showed substantial log reduction for the majority of the viruses with few exceptions based on the characteristics of these viruses. Having known the effect of UV irradiation on protein structure, we also evaluated the post irradiation samples of culture media for growth promoting properties using one of the most fastidious human diploid cells (MRC-5). UV-C exposure did not show any notable impact on the nutritional properties of culture media. The use of an UV-C irradiation based system is considered to be promising approach to mitigate the risk of adventitious agents in cell culture media arising through animal derived products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Vaidya
- Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd, Pune 411028, India; Dr. D.Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Tathawade, Pune 411033, India; Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune 411018, India.
| | - Rajeev Dhere
- Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd, Pune 411028, India
| | - Snehal Agnihotri
- Dr. D.Y. Patil Arts, Commerce & Science College, Pune 411018, India
| | | | - Sanjay Patil
- Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd, Pune 411028, India
| | - Amit Pawar
- Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd, Pune 411028, India
| |
Collapse
|