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Schrenk D, Bignami M, Bodin L, Chipman JK, del Mazo J, Grasl‐Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Hoogenboom L(R, Leblanc J, Nebbia CS, Nielsen E, Ntzani E, Petersen A, Sand S, Vleminckx C, Wallace H, Barregård L, Benford D, Broberg K, Dogliotti E, Fletcher T, Rylander L, Abrahantes JC, Gómez Ruiz JÁ, Steinkellner H, Tauriainen T, Schwerdtle T. Update of the risk assessment of inorganic arsenic in food. EFSA J 2024; 22:e8488. [PMID: 38239496 PMCID: PMC10794945 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA to update its 2009 risk assessment on arsenic in food carrying out a hazard assessment of inorganic arsenic (iAs) and using the revised exposure assessment issued by EFSA in 2021. Epidemiological studies show that the chronic intake of iAs via diet and/or drinking water is associated with increased risk of several adverse outcomes including cancers of the skin, bladder and lung. The CONTAM Panel used the benchmark dose lower confidence limit based on a benchmark response (BMR) of 5% (relative increase of the background incidence after adjustment for confounders, BMDL05) of 0.06 μg iAs/kg bw per day obtained from a study on skin cancer as a Reference Point (RP). Inorganic As is a genotoxic carcinogen with additional epigenetic effects and the CONTAM Panel applied a margin of exposure (MOE) approach for the risk characterisation. In adults, the MOEs are low (range between 2 and 0.4 for mean consumers and between 0.9 and 0.2 at the 95th percentile exposure, respectively) and as such raise a health concern despite the uncertainties.
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2
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Rees JR, Weiss JE, Gunn CM, Carlos HA, Dragnev NC, Supattapone EY, Tosteson AN, Kraft SA, Vahdat LT, Peacock JL. Cancer Epidemiology in the Northeastern United States (2013-2017). CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:1538-1550. [PMID: 37583435 PMCID: PMC10424700 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
We tested the hypotheses that adult cancer incidence and mortality in the Northeast region and in Northern New England (NNE) were different than the rest of the United States, and described other related cancer metrics and risk factor prevalence. Using national, publicly available cancer registry data, we compared cancer incidence and mortality in the Northeast region with the United States and NNE with the United States overall and by race/ethnicity, using age-standardized cancer incidence and rate ratios (RR). Compared with the United States, age-adjusted cancer incidence in adults of all races combined was higher in the Northeast (RR, 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07-1.08) and in NNE (RR 1.06; CI 1.05-1.07). However compared with the United States, mortality was lower in the Northeast (RR, 0.98; CI 0.98-0.98) but higher in NNE (RR, 1.05; CI 1.03-1.06). Mortality in NNE was higher than the United States for cancers of the brain (RR, 1.16; CI 1.07-1.26), uterus (RR, 1.32; CI 1.14-1.52), esophagus (RR, 1.36; CI 1.26-1.47), lung (RR, 1.12; CI 1.09-1.15), bladder (RR, 1.23; CI 1.14-1.33), and melanoma (RR, 1.13; CI 1.01-1.27). Significantly higher overall cancer incidence was seen in the Northeast than the United States in all race/ethnicity subgroups except Native American/Alaska Natives (RR, 0.68; CI 0.64-0.72). In conclusion, NNE has higher cancer incidence and mortality than the United States, a pattern that contrasts with the Northeast region, which has lower cancer mortality overall than the United States despite higher incidence. Significance These findings highlight the need to identify the causes of higher cancer incidence in the Northeast and the excess cancer mortality in NNE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy R. Rees
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | | | - Christine M. Gunn
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | | | | | | | - Anna N.A. Tosteson
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
- The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Sally A. Kraft
- Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
- Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Linda T. Vahdat
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
- Dartmouth Health, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Janet L. Peacock
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
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3
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Li S, Karagas MR, Jackson BP, Passarelli MN, Gui J. Adaptive-mixture-categorization (AMC)-based g-computation and its application to trace element mixtures and bladder cancer risk. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17841. [PMID: 36284198 PMCID: PMC9596719 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21747-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Several new statistical methods have been developed to identify the overall impact of an exposure mixture on health outcomes. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression assigns the joint mixture effect weights to indicate the overall association of multiple exposures, and quantile-based g-computation is a generalized version of WQS without the restriction of directional homogeneity. This paper proposes an adaptive-mixture-categorization (AMC)-based g-computation approach that combines g-computation with an optimal exposure categorization search using the F statistic. AMC-based g-computation reduces variance within each category and retains the variance between categories to build more powerful predictors. In a simulation study, the performance of association analysis was improved using categorizing by AMC compared with quantiles. We applied this method to assess the association between a mixture of 12 trace element concentrations measured from toenails and the risk of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Our findings suggested that medium-level (116.7-145.5 μg/g) vs. low-level (39.5-116.2 μg/g) of toenail zinc had a statistically significant positive association with bladder cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siting Li
- Quantitative Biomedical Sciences Program, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Margaret R Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Brian P Jackson
- Trace Element Analysis Laboratory, Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Michael N Passarelli
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA.
| | - Jiang Gui
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA.
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4
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Speer RM, Zhou X, Volk LB, Liu KJ, Hudson LG. Arsenic and cancer: Evidence and mechanisms. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2022; 96:151-202. [PMID: 36858772 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is a potent carcinogen and poses a significant health concern worldwide. Exposure occurs through ingestion of drinking water and contaminated foods and through inhalation due to pollution. Epidemiological evidence shows arsenic induces cancers of the skin, lung, liver, and bladder among other tissues. While studies in animal and cell culture models support arsenic as a carcinogen, the mechanisms of arsenic carcinogenesis are not fully understood. Arsenic carcinogenesis is a complex process due its ability to be metabolized and because of the many cellular pathways it targets in the cell. Arsenic metabolism and the multiple forms of arsenic play distinct roles in its toxicity and contribute differently to carcinogenic endpoints, and thus must be considered. Arsenic generates reactive oxygen species increasing oxidative stress and damaging DNA and other macromolecules. Concurrently, arsenic inhibits DNA repair, modifies epigenetic regulation of gene expression, and targets protein function due its ability to replace zinc in select proteins. While these mechanisms contribute to arsenic carcinogenesis, there remain significant gaps in understanding the complex nature of arsenic cancers. In the future improving models available for arsenic cancer research and the use of arsenic induced human tumors will bridge some of these gaps in understanding arsenic driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Speer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Xixi Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Lindsay B Volk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Ke Jian Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States; Stony Brook Cancer Center, Renaissance School of Medicine, State University of New York Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, United States.
| | - Laurie G Hudson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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5
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Tiwari M, Kidwai M, Dutta P, Narayan S, Gautam N, Chawda K, Shirke PA, Mishra AK, Chakrabarty D. A tau class glutathione-S-transferase (OsGSTU5) confers tolerance against arsenic toxicity in rice by accumulating more arsenic in root. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 426:128100. [PMID: 34954436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) considered as one of the hazardous metalloid that hampers various physiological activities in rice. To study the mechanism of As tolerance in rice, one differentially expressed tau class glutathione-S-transferase (OsGSTU5) has been selected and transgenic rice plants with knockdown (KD) and overexpressing (OE) OsGSTU5 were generated. Our results suggested that KD lines became less tolerant to As stress than WT plants, while OE lines showed enhanced tolerance to As. Under As toxicity, OE and KD lines showed enhanced and reduced antioxidant activities such as, SOD, PRX and catalase, respectively indicating its role in ROS homeostasis. In addition, higher malondialdehyde content, poor photosynthetic parameters and higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) in KD plant, suggests that knockdown of OsGSTU5 renders KD plants more susceptible to oxidative damage. Also, the relative expression profile of various transporters such as OsABCC1 (As sequestration), Lsi2 and Lsi6 (As translocaters) and GSH dependent activity of GSTU5 suggests that GSTU5 might help in chelation of As with GSH and sequester it into the root vacuole using OsABCC1 transporter and thus limits the upward translocation of As towards shoot. This study suggests the importance of GSTU5 as a good target to improve the As tolerance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Tiwari
- Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India; Laboratory of Microbial Genetics, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Maria Kidwai
- Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Prasanna Dutta
- Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shiv Narayan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Plant Physiology Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Neelam Gautam
- Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Khushboo Chawda
- Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Pramod Arvind Shirke
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Plant Physiology Laboratory, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Arun Kumar Mishra
- Laboratory of Microbial Genetics, Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Debasis Chakrabarty
- Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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6
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Leeming RC, Karagas MR, Gilbert-Diamond D, Emond JA, Zens MS, Schned AR, Seigne JD, Passarelli MN. Diet Quality and Survival in a Population-Based Bladder Cancer Study. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:2400-2411. [PMID: 34882045 PMCID: PMC9387520 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.2008989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Nutrition may impact bladder cancer survival. We examined the association between diet quality and overall and bladder cancer-specific survival. Bladder cancer cases from a population-based study reported pre-diagnosis diet. Diet quality was assessed using the 2010 Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI-2010). Vital status was ascertained from the National Death Index. Adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using proportional hazards and competing risks regression models. Overall AHEI-2010 adherence was not associated with overall or bladder cancer-specific survival among non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) cases (HR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.98-1.01; HR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.97-1.02) or muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) cases (HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.96-1.03; HR, 1.01, 95% CI 0.97-1.06). AHEI-2010 sugar-sweetened beverages adherence was associated with poorer overall survival (HR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01-1.08) and AHEI-2010 sodium adherence was associated with better overall and bladder cancer-specific survival after NMIBC diagnosis (HR, 0.92, 95% CI, 0.85-1.00; HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.68-0.98). AHEI-2010 fruit adherence was associated with poorer overall and bladder cancer-specific survival after MIBC diagnosis (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.02-1.33; HR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.03-1.55). Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, sodium, and fruit, not overall AHEI-2010 adherence, may be associated with bladder cancer survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reno C. Leeming
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Margaret R. Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Diane Gilbert-Diamond
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Jennifer A. Emond
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Michael S. Zens
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Alan R. Schned
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States
| | - John D. Seigne
- Section of Urology, Department of Surgery, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Michael N. Passarelli
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
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7
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Signes-Pastor AJ, Gutiérrez-González E, García-Villarino M, Rodríguez-Cabrera FD, López-Moreno JJ, Varea-Jiménez E, Pastor-Barriuso R, Pollán M, Navas-Acien A, Pérez-Gómez B, Karagas MR. Toenails as a biomarker of exposure to arsenic: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 195:110286. [PMID: 33075355 PMCID: PMC7987585 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review summarizes the current evidence related to the reliability of toenail total arsenic concentrations (thereafter "arsenic") as a biomarker of long-term exposure. Specifically, we reviewed literature on consistency of repeated measures over time, association with other biomarkers and metal concentrations, factors influencing concentrations, and associations with health effects. We identified 129 papers containing quantitative original data on arsenic in toenail samples covering populations from 29 different countries. We observed geographic differences in toenail arsenic concentrations, with highest median or mean concentrations in Asian countries. Arsenic-contaminated drinking water, occupational exposure or living in specific industrial areas were associated with an increased toenail arsenic content. The effects of other potential determinants and sources of arsenic exposure including diet, gender and age on the concentrations in toenails need further investigations. Toenail arsenic was correlated with the concentrations in hair and fingernails, and with urine arsenic mainly among highly exposed populations with a toenail mean or median ≥1 μg/g. Overall, there is a growing body of evidence suggesting that arsenic content from a single toenail sample may reflect long-term internal dose-exposure. Toenail arsenic can serve as a reliable measure of toxic inorganic arsenic exposure in chronic disease research, particularly promising for cancer and cardiovascular conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J Signes-Pastor
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, 1 Medical Center Dr, Williamson Translational Research Bldg, Lebanon NH, 03756, USA.
| | - Enrique Gutiérrez-González
- Spanish Agency of Food Safety and Nutrition, Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Alcalá, 56, 28014, Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel García-Villarino
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Unit of Molecular Cancer Epidemiology, University Institute of Oncology of the Principality of Asturias (IUOPA) - Department of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Julian Clavería Street s/n, 33006, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Francisco D Rodríguez-Cabrera
- Public Health Teaching Unit, National School of Public Health, Carlos III Institute of Health, Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029. Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge J López-Moreno
- Public Health Teaching Unit, National School of Public Health, Carlos III Institute of Health, Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029. Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Varea-Jiménez
- Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Pastor-Barriuso
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Pollán
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Beatriz Pérez-Gómez
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Public Health Teaching Unit, National School of Public Health, Carlos III Institute of Health, Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029. Madrid, Spain; Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Margaret R Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, 1 Medical Center Dr, Williamson Translational Research Bldg, Lebanon NH, 03756, USA
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8
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Shao K, Zhou Z, Xun P, Cohen SM. Bayesian benchmark dose analysis for inorganic arsenic in drinking water associated with bladder and lung cancer using epidemiological data. Toxicology 2021; 455:152752. [PMID: 33741492 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Abundant epidemiological evidence has shown that there is a strong causal relationship between long-term exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) through drinking water and a few types of cancer (e.g., lung and bladder cancer). Traditionally, a linear low-dose extrapolation assumption was applied in risk assessment for iAs which resulted in a relatively conservative cancer risk estimate. Growing biological evidence suggests that the mode of action of iAs-induced cancer follows a threshold process (e.g., sufficient concentration of trivalent arsenic is required to disrupt normal cellular function). In this study, we applied the benchmark dose (BMD) methodology to model the relationship between the relative risk of bladder and lung cancer and the iAs concentration in drinking water using the high-quality epidemiological data reported in recently published papers, with a special focus on the low exposure range (i.e., <150 μg/L). Because of its biological plausibility and statistical flexibility, the Hill model has been chosen to model the data under a Bayesian framework. A Bayesian hierarchal model together with a bootstrap method for exposure estimation were applied to quantify uncertainty from various sources, including the within-study, between-study, and exposure uncertainties. Dose-response assessment results obtained from a number of alternative model structures and methods consistently demonstrate a threshold type dose-response curve with a threshold in the range between 40-60 μg/L of iAs concentration in drinking water. The BMD for iAs in drinking water associated with 0.1 % increase in relative risk of bladder cancer is 42.2 μg/L (BMDL 39.2 μg/L); for 0.05 % increase, the BMD is 41.6 μg/L (BMDL 38.6 μg/L). For lung cancer, the two counterpart BMD estimates are 57.0 μg/L (BMDL 43.6 μg/L) and 55.7 μg/L (BMDL 42.5 μg/L) for 0.1 % and 0.05 % increase, respectively. These analyses provide additional statistical support for a non-linear dose response for cancer risk from inorganic arsenic which may have important policy implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Shao
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health - Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health - Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Pengcheng Xun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health - Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Samuel M Cohen
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology and the Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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9
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Chen CH, Grollman AP, Huang CY, Shun CT, Sidorenko VS, Hashimoto K, Moriya M, Turesky RJ, Yun BH, Tsai K, Wu S, Chuang PY, Tang CH, Yang WH, Tzai TS, Tsai YS, Dickman KG, Pu YS. Additive Effects of Arsenic and Aristolochic Acid in Chemical Carcinogenesis of Upper Urinary Tract Urothelium. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 30:317-325. [PMID: 33277322 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-1090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aristolochic acids (AA) and arsenic are chemical carcinogens associated with urothelial carcinogenesis. Here we investigate the combined effects of AA and arsenic toward the risk of developing upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). METHODS Hospital-based (n = 89) and population-based (2,921 cases and 11,684 controls) Taiwanese UTUC cohorts were used to investigate the association between exposure to AA and/or arsenic and the risk of developing UTUC. In the hospital cohort, AA exposure was evaluated by measuring aristolactam-DNA adducts in the renal cortex and by identifying A>T TP53 mutations in tumors. In the population cohort, AA exposure was determined from prescription health insurance records. Arsenic levels were graded from 0 to 3 based on concentrations in well water and the presence of arseniasis-related diseases. RESULTS In the hospital cohort, 43, 26, and 20 patients resided in grade 0, 1+2, and 3 arseniasis-endemic areas, respectively. Aristolactam-DNA adducts were present in >90% of these patients, indicating widespread AA exposure. A>T mutations in TP53 were detected in 28%, 44%, and 22% of patients residing in grade 0, 1+2, and 3 arseniasis-endemic areas, respectively. Population studies revealed that individuals who consumed more AA-containing herbs had a higher risk of developing UTUC in both arseniasis-endemic and nonendemic areas. Logistic regression showed an additive effect of AA and arsenic exposure on the risk of developing UTUC. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to both AA and arsenic acts additively to increase the UTUC risk in Taiwan. IMPACT This is the first study to investigate the combined effect of AA and arsenic exposure on UTUC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hsin Chen
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Arthur P Grollman
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York.,Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Chao-Yuan Huang
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Tung Shun
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Viktoriya S Sidorenko
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Keiji Hashimoto
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Masaaki Moriya
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Robert J Turesky
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Byeong Hwa Yun
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Karen Tsai
- School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Stephanie Wu
- School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Po-Ya Chuang
- School of Health Care Administration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hsiun Tang
- School of Health Care Administration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Horng Yang
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Shin Tzai
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Shyan Tsai
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Kathleen G Dickman
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York. .,Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Yeong-Shiau Pu
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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10
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Song Y, Jin D, Chen J, Liang W, Liu X. Effects of Arsenic (+3 Oxidation State) Methyltransferase Gene Polymorphisms and Expression on Bladder Cancer: Evidence from a Systematic Review, Meta-analysis and TCGA Dataset. Toxicol Sci 2020; 177:27-40. [PMID: 32539094 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic (iAs) is a recognized environment-related factor for bladder cancer (BCa). Arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase (AS3MT) gene might influence BCa by regulating iAs metabolism. The aim of the present study was to explore whether AS3MT polymorphisms could affect BCa susceptibility. We systematically reviewed eligible case-control studies about AS3MT polymorphisms and BCa and to further compare the genotype distribution and allele distribution between BCa patients and controls by meta-analysis for humans. Besides, to clarify the effects of AS3MT expression on BCa clinical outcomes and survival time, we also conducted a series of analyses based on The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset. Databases were systematically retrieved and we applied Stata software to perform meta-analysis. The registration of this study protocol is at PROSPERO and ID is CRD42019133947. Five articles were recruited and pooled results demonstrated that rs3740393 and rs11191438 polymorphisms were related to BCa risk in overall population (p < .05) in the overall population. In addition, GG and GC genotypes in rs3740393 and GG genotype in rs11191438 might be the susceptibility genotypes for BCa. Results based on 168 BCa samples from TGCA indicated that patients with higher expression of AS3MT had poor overall survival time and AS3MT expression is an independent indicator for BCa survival. This study identified that AS3MT polymorphisms could affect BCa risk and AS3MT expression was pivotal in prognosis of BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Donghui Jin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Jingyi Chen
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology and Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Wanfeng Liang
- School of Statics and Data Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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11
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Karagas MR, Punshon T, Davis M, Bulka CM, Slaughter F, Karalis D, Argos M, Ahsan H. Rice Intake and Emerging Concerns on Arsenic in Rice: a Review of the Human Evidence and Methodologic Challenges. Curr Environ Health Rep 2019; 6:361-372. [PMID: 31760590 PMCID: PMC7745115 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-019-00249-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Rice is a major staple food worldwide and a dietary source of arsenic. We therefore summarized the state of the epidemiologic evidence on whether rice consumption relates to health outcomes associated with arsenic exposure. RECENT FINDINGS While epidemiologic studies have reported that higher rice consumption may increase the risk of certain chronic conditions, i.e., type 2 diabetes, most did not consider specific constituents of rice or other sources of arsenic exposure. Studies that examined rice intake stratified by water concentrations of arsenic found evidence of increasing trends in cardiovascular disease risk, skin lesions, and squamous cell skin cancers and bladder cancer associated with higher rice consumption. Further studies are needed to understand the health impacts of arsenic exposure from rice consumption taking into account all sources of rice intake and potential confounding by other dietary constituents or contaminants and arsenic exposure from sources such as water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret R Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03756, USA.
| | - Tracy Punshon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Matt Davis
- Department of Systems, Populations and Leadership, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Catherine M Bulka
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Francis Slaughter
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03756, USA
| | - Despina Karalis
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03756, USA
| | - Maria Argos
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Habibul Ahsan
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
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12
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Lipid Metabolism Alterations in a Rat Model of Chronic and Intergenerational Exposure to Arsenic. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:4978018. [PMID: 31737665 PMCID: PMC6815581 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4978018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to arsenic (As), whether directly through the consumption of contaminated drinking water or indirectly through the daily intake of As-contaminated food, is a health threat for more than 150 million people worldwide. Epidemiological studies found an association between chronic consumption of As and several pathologies, the most common being cancer-related disorders. However, As consumption has also been associated with metabolic disorders that could lead to diverse pathologies, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and obesity. Here, we used ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to electrospray ionization/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-QToF) to assess the effect of chronic intergenerational As exposure on the lipid metabolism profiles of serum from 4-month-old Wistar rats exposed to As prenatally and also during early life in drinking water (3 ppm). Significant differences in the levels of certain identified lysophospholipids, phosphatidylcholines, and triglycerides were found between the exposed rats and the control groups, as well as between the sexes. Significantly increased lipid oxidation determined by the malondialdehyde (MDA) method was found in exposed rats compared with controls. Chronic intergenerational As exposure alters the rat lipidome, increases lipid oxidation, and dysregulates metabolic pathways, the factors associated with the chronic inflammation present in different diseases associated with chronic exposure to As (i.e., keratosis, Bowen's disease, and kidney, liver, bladder, and lung cancer).
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13
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Eskola M, Elliott CT, Hajšlová J, Steiner D, Krska R. Towards a dietary-exposome assessment of chemicals in food: An update on the chronic health risks for the European consumer. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:1890-1911. [PMID: 31094210 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1612320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
An informed opinion to a hugely important question, whether the food on the Europeans' plate is safe to eat, is provided. Today, the Europeans face food-borne health risks from non-communicable diseases induced by excess body weight, outbreaks caused by pathogens, antimicrobial resistance and exposures to chemical contaminants. In this review, these risks are first put in an order of importance. Then, not only potentially injurious dietary chemicals are discussed but also beneficial factors of the food. This review can be regarded as an attempt towards a dietary-exposome evaluation of the chemicals, the average European adult consumers could chronically expose to during their life-times. Risk ranking reveals that currently the European adults are chronically exposed to a mixture of potentially genotoxic-carcinogenic contaminants, particularly food process contaminants, at the potential risk levels. Furthermore, several of the contaminants whose dietary exposures pose risks appear to be carcinogens operating with a genotoxic mode of action targeting the liver. This suggests that combined health risks from the exposure to a mixture of the chemical contaminants poses a greater potential risk than the risks assessed for single compounds. Over 100 European-level risk assessments are examined. Finally, the importance of a diversified and balanced diet is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Eskola
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria
| | - Christopher T Elliott
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Jana Hajšlová
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - David Steiner
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria
| | - Rudolf Krska
- Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Tulln, Austria.,Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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14
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Tsuji JS, Chang ET, Gentry PR, Clewell HJ, Boffetta P, Cohen SM. Dose-response for assessing the cancer risk of inorganic arsenic in drinking water: the scientific basis for use of a threshold approach. Crit Rev Toxicol 2019; 49:36-84. [DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2019.1573804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ellen T. Chang
- Exponent, Inc., Menlo Park, CA and Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Paolo Boffetta
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samuel M. Cohen
- Havlik-Wall Professor of Oncology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology and the Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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15
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Signes-Pastor AJ, Scot Zens M, Seigne J, Schned A, Karagas MR. Rice Consumption and Incidence of Bladder Cancer in the United States Population. Epidemiology 2019; 30:e4-e5. [PMID: 30721170 PMCID: PMC6368392 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000000955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J Signes-Pastor
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire,
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16
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Koutros S, Baris D, Waddell R, Beane Freeman LE, Colt JS, Schwenn M, Johnson A, Ward MH, Hosain GM, Moore LE, Stolzenberg-Solomon R, Rothman N, Karagas MR, Silverman DT. Potential effect modifiers of the arsenic-bladder cancer risk relationship. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:2640-2646. [PMID: 29981168 PMCID: PMC6235710 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Populations exposed to arsenic in drinking water have an increased bladder cancer risk and evidence suggests that several factors may modify arsenic metabolism, influencing disease risk. We evaluated whether the association between cumulative lifetime arsenic exposure from drinking water and bladder cancer risk was modified by factors that may impact arsenic metabolism in a population-based case-control study of 1,213 cases and 1,418 controls. Unconditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between cumulative arsenic intake and bladder cancer stratified by age, sex, smoking status, body mass index (BMI), alcohol consumption and folate intake. P-values for interaction were computed using a likelihood ratio test. We observed no statistically significant multiplicative interactions although some variations in associations were notable across risk factors, particularly for smoking and BMI. Among former smokers and current smokers, those with the highest cumulative arsenic intake had elevated risks of bladder cancer (OR = 1.4, 95% CI: 0.96-2.0 and OR = 1.6, 95% CI: 0.91-3.0, respectively; while the OR among never smokers was 1.1, 95% CI: 0.6-1.9, p-interaction = 0.49). Among those classified as normal or overweight based on usual adult BMI, the highest level of cumulative arsenic intake was associated with elevated risks of bladder cancer (OR = 1.3, 95% CI: 0.89-2.0 and OR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1-2.4, respectively), while risk was not elevated among those who were obese (OR = 0.9, 95% CI: 0.4-1.8) (p-interaction = 0.14). Our study provides some limited evidence of modifying roles of age, sex, smoking, BMI, folate and alcohol on arsenic-related bladder cancer risk that requires confirmation in other, larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Koutros
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD
| | - Dalsu Baris
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD
| | - Richard Waddell
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
| | - Laura E Beane Freeman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD
| | - Joanne S Colt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD
| | | | | | - Mary H Ward
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Lee E Moore
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD
| | - Rachael Stolzenberg-Solomon
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD
| | - Margaret R Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
| | - Debra T Silverman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD
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17
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Luz AL, Godebo TR, Smith LL, Leuthner TC, Maurer LL, Meyer JN. Deficiencies in mitochondrial dynamics sensitize Caenorhabditis elegans to arsenite and other mitochondrial toxicants by reducing mitochondrial adaptability. Toxicology 2017; 387:81-94. [PMID: 28602540 PMCID: PMC5535741 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial fission, fusion, and mitophagy are interlinked processes that regulate mitochondrial shape, number, and size, as well as metabolic activity and stress response. The fundamental importance of these processes is evident in the fact that mutations in fission (DRP1), fusion (MFN2, OPA1), and mitophagy (PINK1, PARK2) genes can cause human disease (collectively >1/10,000). Interestingly, however, the age of onset and severity of clinical manifestations varies greatly between patients with these diseases (even those harboring identical mutations), suggesting a role for environmental factors in the development and progression of certain mitochondrial diseases. Using the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans, we screened ten mitochondrial toxicants (2, 4-dinitrophenol, acetaldehyde, acrolein, aflatoxin B1, arsenite, cadmium, cisplatin, doxycycline, paraquat, rotenone) for increased or decreased toxicity in fusion (fzo-1, eat-3)-, fission (drp-1)-, and mitophagy (pdr-1, pink-1)-deficient nematodes using a larval growth assay. In general, fusion-deficient nematodes were the most sensitive to toxicants, including aflatoxin B1, arsenite, cisplatin, paraquat, and rotenone. Because arsenite was particularly potent in fission- and fusion-deficient nematodes, and hundreds of millions of people are chronically exposed to arsenic, we investigated the effects of these genetic deficiencies on arsenic toxicity in more depth. We found that deficiencies in fission and fusion sensitized nematodes to arsenite-induced lethality throughout aging. Furthermore, low-dose arsenite, which acted in a "mitohormetic" fashion by increasing mitochondrial function (in particular, basal and maximal oxygen consumption) in wild-type nematodes by a wide range of measures, exacerbated mitochondrial dysfunction in fusion-deficient nematodes. Analysis of multiple mechanistic changes suggested that disruption of pyruvate metabolism and Krebs cycle activity underlie the observed arsenite-induced mitochondrial deficits, and these disruptions are exacerbated in the absence of mitochondrial fusion. This research demonstrates the importance of mitochondrial dynamics in limiting arsenite toxicity by permitting mitochondrial adaptability. It also suggests that individuals suffering from deficiencies in mitodynamic processes may be more susceptible to the mitochondrial toxicity of arsenic and other toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony L Luz
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Box 90328, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Tewodros R Godebo
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Box 90328, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Latasha L Smith
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Box 90328, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Tess C Leuthner
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Box 90328, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Laura L Maurer
- ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Inc., Annandale, NJ, 08801-3059, USA
| | - Joel N Meyer
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Box 90328, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
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18
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Davis MA, Signes-Pastor AJ, Argos M, Slaughter F, Pendergrast C, Punshon T, Gossai A, Ahsan H, Karagas MR. Assessment of human dietary exposure to arsenic through rice. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 586:1237-1244. [PMID: 28233618 PMCID: PMC5502079 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Rice accumulates 10-fold higher inorganic arsenic (i-As), an established human carcinogen, than other grains. This review summarizes epidemiologic studies that examined the association between rice consumption and biomarkers of arsenic exposure. After reviewing the literature we identified 20 studies, among them included 18 observational and 2 human experimental studies that reported on associations between rice consumption and an arsenic biomarker. Among individuals not exposed to contaminated water, rice is a source of i-As exposure - rice consumption has been consistently related to arsenic biomarkers, and the relationship has been clearly demonstrated in experimental studies. Early-life i-As exposure is of particular concern due to its association with lifelong adverse health outcomes. Maternal rice consumption during pregnancy also has been associated with infant toenail total arsenic concentrations indicating that dietary exposure during pregnancy results in fetal exposure. Thus, the collective evidence indicates that rice is an independent source of arsenic exposure in populations around the world and highlights the importance of investigating its affect on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Davis
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States; University of Michigan School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; University of Michigan Institute for Social Research, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Antonio J Signes-Pastor
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Maria Argos
- University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Francis Slaughter
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Claire Pendergrast
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Tracy Punshon
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Anala Gossai
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States
| | | | - Margaret R Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, United States.
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19
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Mendez WM, Eftim S, Cohen J, Warren I, Cowden J, Lee JS, Sams R. Relationships between arsenic concentrations in drinking water and lung and bladder cancer incidence in U.S. counties. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2017; 27:235-243. [PMID: 27901016 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2016.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Increased risks of lung and bladder cancer have been observed in populations exposed to high levels of inorganic arsenic. However, studies at lower exposures (i.e., less than 100 μg/l in water) have shown inconsistent results. We therefore conducted an ecological analysis of the association between historical drinking water arsenic concentrations and lung and bladder cancer incidence in U.S. counties. We used drinking water arsenic concentrations measured by the U.S. Geological Survey and state agencies in the 1980s and 1990s as proxies for historical exposures in counties where public groundwater systems and private wells are important sources of drinking water. Relationships between arsenic levels and cancer incidence in 2006-2010 were explored by Poisson regression analyses, adjusted for groundwater dependence and important demographic covariates. The median and 95th percentile county mean arsenic concentrations were 1.5 and 15.4 μg/l, respectively. Water arsenic concentrations were significant and positively associated with female and male bladder cancer, and with female lung cancer. Our findings support an association between low water arsenic concentrations and lung and bladder cancer incidence in the United States. However, the limitations of the ecological study design suggest caution in interpreting these results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - John Cowden
- National Center for Computational Toxicology, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Janice S Lee
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Reeder Sams
- National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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20
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Jones MR, Tellez-Plaza M, Vaidya D, Grau M, Francesconi KA, Goessler W, Guallar E, Post WS, Kaufman JD, Navas-Acien A. Estimation of Inorganic Arsenic Exposure in Populations With Frequent Seafood Intake: Evidence From MESA and NHANES. Am J Epidemiol 2016; 184:590-602. [PMID: 27702745 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kww097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The sum of urinary inorganic arsenic (iAs) and methylated arsenic (monomethylarsonate and dimethylarsinate (DMA)) species is the main biomarker of iAs exposure. Assessing iAs exposure, however, is difficult in populations with moderate-to-high seafood intakes. In the present study, we used subsamples from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (2000-2002) (n = 310) and the 2003-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (n = 1,175). We calibrated urinary concentrations of non-seafood-derived iAs, DMA, and methylarsonate, as well as the sum of inorganic and methylated arsenic species, in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and of DMA in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey by regressing their original concentrations by arsenobetaine and extracting model residuals. To confirm that calibrated biomarkers reflected iAs exposure but not seafood intake, we compared urinary arsenic concentrations by levels of seafood and rice intakes. Self-reported seafood intakes, estimated n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid levels, and measured n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid levels were positively associated with the original urinary arsenic biomarkers. Using the calibrated arsenic biomarkers, we found a marked attenuation of the associations with self-reported seafood intake and estimated or measured n-3 fatty acids, whereas associations with self-reported rice intake remained similar. Our residual-based method provides estimates of iAs exposure and metabolism for each participant that no longer reflect seafood intake and can facilitate research about low-to-moderate levels of iAs exposure in populations with high seafood intakes.
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21
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Baris D, Waddell R, Beane Freeman LE, Schwenn M, Colt JS, Ayotte JD, Ward MH, Nuckols J, Schned A, Jackson B, Clerkin C, Rothman N, Moore LE, Taylor A, Robinson G, Hosain GM, Armenti KR, McCoy R, Samanic C, Hoover RN, Fraumeni JF, Johnson A, Karagas MR, Silverman DT. Elevated Bladder Cancer in Northern New England: The Role of Drinking Water and Arsenic. J Natl Cancer Inst 2016; 108:djw099. [PMID: 27140955 PMCID: PMC5939854 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djw099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer mortality rates have been elevated in northern New England for at least five decades. Incidence rates in Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont are about 20% higher than the United States overall. We explored reasons for this excess, focusing on arsenic in drinking water from private wells, which are particularly prevalent in the region. METHODS In a population-based case-control study in these three states, 1213 bladder cancer case patients and 1418 control subjects provided information on suspected risk factors. Log transformed arsenic concentrations were estimated by linear regression based on measurements in water samples from current and past homes. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS Bladder cancer risk increased with increasing water intake (Ptrend = .003). This trend was statistically significant among participants with a history of private well use (Ptrend = .01). Among private well users, this trend was apparent if well water was derived exclusively from shallow dug wells (which are vulnerable to contamination from manmade sources, Ptrend = .002) but not if well water was supplied only by deeper drilled wells (Ptrend = .48). If dug wells were used pre-1960, when arsenical pesticides were widely used in the region, heavier water consumers (>2.2 L/day) had double the risk of light users (<1.1 L/day, Ptrend = .01). Among all participants, cumulative arsenic exposure from all water sources, lagged 40 years, yielded a positive risk gradient (Ptrend = .004); among the highest-exposed participants (97.5th percentile), risk was twice that of the lowest-exposure quartile (odds ratio = 2.24, 95% confidence interval = 1.29 to 3.89). CONCLUSIONS Our findings support an association between low-to-moderate levels of arsenic in drinking water and bladder cancer risk in New England. In addition, historical consumption of water from private wells, particularly dug wells in an era when arsenical pesticides were widely used, was associated with increased bladder cancer risk and may have contributed to the New England excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalsu Baris
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD (DB [formerly], LEBF, JSC, MHW, NR, LEM, CS [formerly], RNH, JFF, DTS); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH (RW, AS, MRK); Maine Cancer Registry, Augusta, ME (MS, CC [formerly]); US Geological Survey, Pembroke, NH (JA), Reston, VA (GR); Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (JN); Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH (BJ); Information Management Services, Calverton, MD (AT); New Hampshire State Cancer Registry, Concord, NH (GMH); New Hampshire State Occupational Surveillance Program, Concord, NH (KRA); Vermont Department of Health, Burlington, VT (RM, AJ).
| | - Richard Waddell
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD (DB [formerly], LEBF, JSC, MHW, NR, LEM, CS [formerly], RNH, JFF, DTS); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH (RW, AS, MRK); Maine Cancer Registry, Augusta, ME (MS, CC [formerly]); US Geological Survey, Pembroke, NH (JA), Reston, VA (GR); Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (JN); Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH (BJ); Information Management Services, Calverton, MD (AT); New Hampshire State Cancer Registry, Concord, NH (GMH); New Hampshire State Occupational Surveillance Program, Concord, NH (KRA); Vermont Department of Health, Burlington, VT (RM, AJ)
| | - Laura E Beane Freeman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD (DB [formerly], LEBF, JSC, MHW, NR, LEM, CS [formerly], RNH, JFF, DTS); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH (RW, AS, MRK); Maine Cancer Registry, Augusta, ME (MS, CC [formerly]); US Geological Survey, Pembroke, NH (JA), Reston, VA (GR); Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (JN); Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH (BJ); Information Management Services, Calverton, MD (AT); New Hampshire State Cancer Registry, Concord, NH (GMH); New Hampshire State Occupational Surveillance Program, Concord, NH (KRA); Vermont Department of Health, Burlington, VT (RM, AJ)
| | - Molly Schwenn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD (DB [formerly], LEBF, JSC, MHW, NR, LEM, CS [formerly], RNH, JFF, DTS); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH (RW, AS, MRK); Maine Cancer Registry, Augusta, ME (MS, CC [formerly]); US Geological Survey, Pembroke, NH (JA), Reston, VA (GR); Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (JN); Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH (BJ); Information Management Services, Calverton, MD (AT); New Hampshire State Cancer Registry, Concord, NH (GMH); New Hampshire State Occupational Surveillance Program, Concord, NH (KRA); Vermont Department of Health, Burlington, VT (RM, AJ)
| | - Joanne S Colt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD (DB [formerly], LEBF, JSC, MHW, NR, LEM, CS [formerly], RNH, JFF, DTS); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH (RW, AS, MRK); Maine Cancer Registry, Augusta, ME (MS, CC [formerly]); US Geological Survey, Pembroke, NH (JA), Reston, VA (GR); Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (JN); Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH (BJ); Information Management Services, Calverton, MD (AT); New Hampshire State Cancer Registry, Concord, NH (GMH); New Hampshire State Occupational Surveillance Program, Concord, NH (KRA); Vermont Department of Health, Burlington, VT (RM, AJ)
| | - Joseph D Ayotte
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD (DB [formerly], LEBF, JSC, MHW, NR, LEM, CS [formerly], RNH, JFF, DTS); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH (RW, AS, MRK); Maine Cancer Registry, Augusta, ME (MS, CC [formerly]); US Geological Survey, Pembroke, NH (JA), Reston, VA (GR); Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (JN); Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH (BJ); Information Management Services, Calverton, MD (AT); New Hampshire State Cancer Registry, Concord, NH (GMH); New Hampshire State Occupational Surveillance Program, Concord, NH (KRA); Vermont Department of Health, Burlington, VT (RM, AJ)
| | - Mary H Ward
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD (DB [formerly], LEBF, JSC, MHW, NR, LEM, CS [formerly], RNH, JFF, DTS); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH (RW, AS, MRK); Maine Cancer Registry, Augusta, ME (MS, CC [formerly]); US Geological Survey, Pembroke, NH (JA), Reston, VA (GR); Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (JN); Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH (BJ); Information Management Services, Calverton, MD (AT); New Hampshire State Cancer Registry, Concord, NH (GMH); New Hampshire State Occupational Surveillance Program, Concord, NH (KRA); Vermont Department of Health, Burlington, VT (RM, AJ)
| | - John Nuckols
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD (DB [formerly], LEBF, JSC, MHW, NR, LEM, CS [formerly], RNH, JFF, DTS); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH (RW, AS, MRK); Maine Cancer Registry, Augusta, ME (MS, CC [formerly]); US Geological Survey, Pembroke, NH (JA), Reston, VA (GR); Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (JN); Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH (BJ); Information Management Services, Calverton, MD (AT); New Hampshire State Cancer Registry, Concord, NH (GMH); New Hampshire State Occupational Surveillance Program, Concord, NH (KRA); Vermont Department of Health, Burlington, VT (RM, AJ)
| | - Alan Schned
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD (DB [formerly], LEBF, JSC, MHW, NR, LEM, CS [formerly], RNH, JFF, DTS); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH (RW, AS, MRK); Maine Cancer Registry, Augusta, ME (MS, CC [formerly]); US Geological Survey, Pembroke, NH (JA), Reston, VA (GR); Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (JN); Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH (BJ); Information Management Services, Calverton, MD (AT); New Hampshire State Cancer Registry, Concord, NH (GMH); New Hampshire State Occupational Surveillance Program, Concord, NH (KRA); Vermont Department of Health, Burlington, VT (RM, AJ)
| | - Brian Jackson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD (DB [formerly], LEBF, JSC, MHW, NR, LEM, CS [formerly], RNH, JFF, DTS); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH (RW, AS, MRK); Maine Cancer Registry, Augusta, ME (MS, CC [formerly]); US Geological Survey, Pembroke, NH (JA), Reston, VA (GR); Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (JN); Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH (BJ); Information Management Services, Calverton, MD (AT); New Hampshire State Cancer Registry, Concord, NH (GMH); New Hampshire State Occupational Surveillance Program, Concord, NH (KRA); Vermont Department of Health, Burlington, VT (RM, AJ)
| | - Castine Clerkin
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD (DB [formerly], LEBF, JSC, MHW, NR, LEM, CS [formerly], RNH, JFF, DTS); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH (RW, AS, MRK); Maine Cancer Registry, Augusta, ME (MS, CC [formerly]); US Geological Survey, Pembroke, NH (JA), Reston, VA (GR); Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (JN); Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH (BJ); Information Management Services, Calverton, MD (AT); New Hampshire State Cancer Registry, Concord, NH (GMH); New Hampshire State Occupational Surveillance Program, Concord, NH (KRA); Vermont Department of Health, Burlington, VT (RM, AJ)
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD (DB [formerly], LEBF, JSC, MHW, NR, LEM, CS [formerly], RNH, JFF, DTS); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH (RW, AS, MRK); Maine Cancer Registry, Augusta, ME (MS, CC [formerly]); US Geological Survey, Pembroke, NH (JA), Reston, VA (GR); Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (JN); Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH (BJ); Information Management Services, Calverton, MD (AT); New Hampshire State Cancer Registry, Concord, NH (GMH); New Hampshire State Occupational Surveillance Program, Concord, NH (KRA); Vermont Department of Health, Burlington, VT (RM, AJ)
| | - Lee E Moore
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD (DB [formerly], LEBF, JSC, MHW, NR, LEM, CS [formerly], RNH, JFF, DTS); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH (RW, AS, MRK); Maine Cancer Registry, Augusta, ME (MS, CC [formerly]); US Geological Survey, Pembroke, NH (JA), Reston, VA (GR); Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (JN); Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH (BJ); Information Management Services, Calverton, MD (AT); New Hampshire State Cancer Registry, Concord, NH (GMH); New Hampshire State Occupational Surveillance Program, Concord, NH (KRA); Vermont Department of Health, Burlington, VT (RM, AJ)
| | - Anne Taylor
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD (DB [formerly], LEBF, JSC, MHW, NR, LEM, CS [formerly], RNH, JFF, DTS); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH (RW, AS, MRK); Maine Cancer Registry, Augusta, ME (MS, CC [formerly]); US Geological Survey, Pembroke, NH (JA), Reston, VA (GR); Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (JN); Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH (BJ); Information Management Services, Calverton, MD (AT); New Hampshire State Cancer Registry, Concord, NH (GMH); New Hampshire State Occupational Surveillance Program, Concord, NH (KRA); Vermont Department of Health, Burlington, VT (RM, AJ)
| | - Gilpin Robinson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD (DB [formerly], LEBF, JSC, MHW, NR, LEM, CS [formerly], RNH, JFF, DTS); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH (RW, AS, MRK); Maine Cancer Registry, Augusta, ME (MS, CC [formerly]); US Geological Survey, Pembroke, NH (JA), Reston, VA (GR); Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (JN); Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH (BJ); Information Management Services, Calverton, MD (AT); New Hampshire State Cancer Registry, Concord, NH (GMH); New Hampshire State Occupational Surveillance Program, Concord, NH (KRA); Vermont Department of Health, Burlington, VT (RM, AJ)
| | - Gm Monawar Hosain
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD (DB [formerly], LEBF, JSC, MHW, NR, LEM, CS [formerly], RNH, JFF, DTS); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH (RW, AS, MRK); Maine Cancer Registry, Augusta, ME (MS, CC [formerly]); US Geological Survey, Pembroke, NH (JA), Reston, VA (GR); Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (JN); Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH (BJ); Information Management Services, Calverton, MD (AT); New Hampshire State Cancer Registry, Concord, NH (GMH); New Hampshire State Occupational Surveillance Program, Concord, NH (KRA); Vermont Department of Health, Burlington, VT (RM, AJ)
| | - Karla R Armenti
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD (DB [formerly], LEBF, JSC, MHW, NR, LEM, CS [formerly], RNH, JFF, DTS); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH (RW, AS, MRK); Maine Cancer Registry, Augusta, ME (MS, CC [formerly]); US Geological Survey, Pembroke, NH (JA), Reston, VA (GR); Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (JN); Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH (BJ); Information Management Services, Calverton, MD (AT); New Hampshire State Cancer Registry, Concord, NH (GMH); New Hampshire State Occupational Surveillance Program, Concord, NH (KRA); Vermont Department of Health, Burlington, VT (RM, AJ)
| | - Richard McCoy
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD (DB [formerly], LEBF, JSC, MHW, NR, LEM, CS [formerly], RNH, JFF, DTS); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH (RW, AS, MRK); Maine Cancer Registry, Augusta, ME (MS, CC [formerly]); US Geological Survey, Pembroke, NH (JA), Reston, VA (GR); Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (JN); Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH (BJ); Information Management Services, Calverton, MD (AT); New Hampshire State Cancer Registry, Concord, NH (GMH); New Hampshire State Occupational Surveillance Program, Concord, NH (KRA); Vermont Department of Health, Burlington, VT (RM, AJ)
| | - Claudine Samanic
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD (DB [formerly], LEBF, JSC, MHW, NR, LEM, CS [formerly], RNH, JFF, DTS); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH (RW, AS, MRK); Maine Cancer Registry, Augusta, ME (MS, CC [formerly]); US Geological Survey, Pembroke, NH (JA), Reston, VA (GR); Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (JN); Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH (BJ); Information Management Services, Calverton, MD (AT); New Hampshire State Cancer Registry, Concord, NH (GMH); New Hampshire State Occupational Surveillance Program, Concord, NH (KRA); Vermont Department of Health, Burlington, VT (RM, AJ)
| | - Robert N Hoover
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD (DB [formerly], LEBF, JSC, MHW, NR, LEM, CS [formerly], RNH, JFF, DTS); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH (RW, AS, MRK); Maine Cancer Registry, Augusta, ME (MS, CC [formerly]); US Geological Survey, Pembroke, NH (JA), Reston, VA (GR); Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (JN); Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH (BJ); Information Management Services, Calverton, MD (AT); New Hampshire State Cancer Registry, Concord, NH (GMH); New Hampshire State Occupational Surveillance Program, Concord, NH (KRA); Vermont Department of Health, Burlington, VT (RM, AJ)
| | - Joseph F Fraumeni
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD (DB [formerly], LEBF, JSC, MHW, NR, LEM, CS [formerly], RNH, JFF, DTS); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH (RW, AS, MRK); Maine Cancer Registry, Augusta, ME (MS, CC [formerly]); US Geological Survey, Pembroke, NH (JA), Reston, VA (GR); Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (JN); Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH (BJ); Information Management Services, Calverton, MD (AT); New Hampshire State Cancer Registry, Concord, NH (GMH); New Hampshire State Occupational Surveillance Program, Concord, NH (KRA); Vermont Department of Health, Burlington, VT (RM, AJ)
| | - Alison Johnson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD (DB [formerly], LEBF, JSC, MHW, NR, LEM, CS [formerly], RNH, JFF, DTS); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH (RW, AS, MRK); Maine Cancer Registry, Augusta, ME (MS, CC [formerly]); US Geological Survey, Pembroke, NH (JA), Reston, VA (GR); Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (JN); Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH (BJ); Information Management Services, Calverton, MD (AT); New Hampshire State Cancer Registry, Concord, NH (GMH); New Hampshire State Occupational Surveillance Program, Concord, NH (KRA); Vermont Department of Health, Burlington, VT (RM, AJ)
| | - Margaret R Karagas
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD (DB [formerly], LEBF, JSC, MHW, NR, LEM, CS [formerly], RNH, JFF, DTS); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH (RW, AS, MRK); Maine Cancer Registry, Augusta, ME (MS, CC [formerly]); US Geological Survey, Pembroke, NH (JA), Reston, VA (GR); Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (JN); Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH (BJ); Information Management Services, Calverton, MD (AT); New Hampshire State Cancer Registry, Concord, NH (GMH); New Hampshire State Occupational Surveillance Program, Concord, NH (KRA); Vermont Department of Health, Burlington, VT (RM, AJ)
| | - Debra T Silverman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD (DB [formerly], LEBF, JSC, MHW, NR, LEM, CS [formerly], RNH, JFF, DTS); Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH (RW, AS, MRK); Maine Cancer Registry, Augusta, ME (MS, CC [formerly]); US Geological Survey, Pembroke, NH (JA), Reston, VA (GR); Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (JN); Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH (BJ); Information Management Services, Calverton, MD (AT); New Hampshire State Cancer Registry, Concord, NH (GMH); New Hampshire State Occupational Surveillance Program, Concord, NH (KRA); Vermont Department of Health, Burlington, VT (RM, AJ).
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22
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Pattison JM, Posternak V, Cole MD. Transcription Factor KLF5 Binds a Cyclin E1 Polymorphic Intronic Enhancer to Confer Increased Bladder Cancer Risk. Mol Cancer Res 2016; 14:1078-1086. [PMID: 27514407 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that environmental toxins, such as exposure to arsenic, are risk factors in the development of urinary bladder cancer, yet recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) provide compelling evidence that there is a strong genetic component associated with disease predisposition. A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs8102137, was identified on chromosome 19q12, residing 6 kb upstream of the important cell-cycle regulator and proto-oncogene, Cyclin E1 (CCNE1). However, the functional role of this variant in bladder cancer predisposition has been unclear because it lies within a non-coding region of the genome. Here, it is demonstrated that bladder cancer cells heterozygous for this SNP exhibit biased allelic expression of CCNE1 with 1.5-fold more transcription occurring from the risk allele. Furthermore, using chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, a novel enhancer element was identified within the first intron of CCNE1 that binds Kruppel-like Factor 5 (KLF5), a known transcriptional activator in bladder cancer. Moreover, the data reveal that the presence of rs200996365, a SNP in high-linkage disequilibrium with rs8102137 residing in the center of a KLF5 motif, alters KLF5 binding to this genomic region. Through luciferase assays and CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, a novel polymorphic intronic regulatory element controlling CCNE1 transcription is characterized. These studies uncover how a cancer-associated polymorphism mechanistically contributes to an increased predisposition for bladder cancer development. IMPLICATIONS A polymorphic KLF5 binding site near the CCNE1 gene explains genetic risk identified through GWAS. Mol Cancer Res; 14(11); 1078-86. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian M Pattison
- Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Valeriya Posternak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Michael D Cole
- Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire. .,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
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23
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Luz AL, Godebo TR, Bhatt DP, Ilkayeva OR, Maurer LL, Hirschey MD, Meyer JN. From the Cover: Arsenite Uncouples Mitochondrial Respiration and Induces a Warburg-like Effect in Caenorhabditis elegans. Toxicol Sci 2016; 152:349-62. [PMID: 27208080 PMCID: PMC4960910 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Millions of people worldwide are chronically exposed to arsenic through contaminated drinking water. Despite decades of research studying the carcinogenic potential of arsenic, the mechanisms by which arsenic causes cancer and other diseases remain poorly understood. Mitochondria appear to be an important target of arsenic toxicity. The trivalent arsenical, arsenite, can induce mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, inhibit enzymes involved in energy metabolism, and induce aerobic glycolysis in vitro, suggesting that metabolic dysfunction may be important in arsenic-induced disease. Here, using the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans and a novel metabolic inhibition assay, we report an in vivo induction of aerobic glycolysis following arsenite exposure. Furthermore, arsenite exposure induced severe mitochondrial dysfunction, including altered pyruvate metabolism; reduced steady-state ATP levels, ATP-linked respiration and spare respiratory capacity; and increased proton leak. We also found evidence that induction of autophagy is an important protective response to arsenite exposure. Because these results demonstrate that mitochondria are an important in vivo target of arsenite toxicity, we hypothesized that deficiencies in mitochondrial electron transport chain genes, which cause mitochondrial disease in humans, would sensitize nematodes to arsenite. In agreement with this, nematodes deficient in electron transport chain complexes I, II, and III, but not ATP synthase, were sensitive to arsenite exposure, thus identifying a novel class of gene-environment interactions that warrant further investigation in the human populace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony L Luz
- *Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Tewodros R Godebo
- *Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Olga R Ilkayeva
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center
| | - Laura L Maurer
- *Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Matthew D Hirschey
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Joel N Meyer
- *Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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24
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Yarnell E, Philhower M. Naturopathic Approach. Integr Cancer Ther 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1534735404274348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Margaret Philhower
- 6300 Ninth Ave NE, Ste 362, Seattle, WA 98115, Tel: 206-526-7026, Fax: 206-526-7058
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25
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Ramirez-Andreotta MD, Brody JG, Lothrop N, Loh M, Beamer PI, Brown P. Improving Environmental Health Literacy and Justice through Environmental Exposure Results Communication. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:E690. [PMID: 27399755 PMCID: PMC4962231 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13070690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the short- and long-term impacts of a biomonitoring and exposure project and reporting personal results back to study participants is critical for guiding future efforts, especially in the context of environmental justice. The purpose of this study was to evaluate learning outcomes from environmental communication efforts and whether environmental health literacy goals were met in an environmental justice community. We conducted 14 interviews with parents who had participated in the University of Arizona's Metals Exposure Study in Homes and analyzed their responses using NVivo, a qualitative data management and analysis program. Key findings were that participants used the data to cope with their challenging circumstances, the majority of participants described changing their families' household behaviors, and participants reported specific interventions to reduce family exposures. The strength of this study is that it provides insight into what people learn and gain from such results communication efforts, what participants want to know, and what type of additional information participants need to advance their environmental health literacy. This information can help improve future report back efforts and advance environmental health and justice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica D Ramirez-Andreotta
- Department of Soil, Water, and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, 1177 East 4th Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Julia Green Brody
- Silent Spring Institute, 320 Nevada Street, Suite 302, Newton, MA 02460, USA.
| | - Nathan Lothrop
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona 1295 N Martin Ave, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| | - Miranda Loh
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona 1295 N Martin Ave, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Research Avenue North Riccarton, Currie EH14 4AP, UK.
| | - Paloma I Beamer
- Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona 1295 N Martin Ave, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| | - Phil Brown
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology and Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, 310INV, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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26
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Brahman KD, Kazi TG, Afridi HI, Arain SS, Kazi AG, Talpur FN, Baig JA, Panhwar AH, Arain MS, Ali J, Arain MB. Toxic Risk Assessment of Arsenic in Males Through Drinking Water in Tharparkar Region of Sindh, Pakistan. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 172:61-71. [PMID: 26606915 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0567-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to arsenic (As) through air, drinking water, and food. The arsenic (As) hazardous quotient was calculated on the basis of its concentration in drinking water of different origin and scalp hair of male subjects (n = 313), residents of different exposed and non-exposed areas of Sindh, Pakistan. The total As was determined in water and scalp hair samples, while As species were determined in water samples by advance extraction methodologies. The total As concentrations in drinking water of less-exposed (LE) and high-exposed (HE) areas was found to be 2.63 to 4.46 and 52 to 235, fold higher than the permissible limit, respectively, than recommended by World Health Organization (2004) for drinking water. While the levels of As in drinking water of non-exposed (NE) areas was within the permissible limit. The resulted data indicated that the dominant species was As(+5) in groundwater samples. The levels of As in scalp hair samples of male subjects of two age groups (18-30 and 31-50 years), belonging to NE, LE, and HE areas, ranged from 0.26 to 0.69, 0.58 to 1.34, and 15.6 to 60.9 μg/g, respectively. A significant correlation between As levels in drinking water and scalp hair was observed in HE area (r = 0.86-0.90, p < 0.001) as compared to those subjects belonging to LE area. A toxicity risk assessment was calculated as hazard quotient (HQ), which indicates that the study subjects of HE area have significantly higher values of HQ than LE. The population of As exposed areas is at high risk of non-carcinogenic and carcinogenesis effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Dev Brahman
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
| | - Tasneem Gul Kazi
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Imran Afridi
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan.
| | - Sadaf Sadia Arain
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
| | - Atif Gul Kazi
- Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
| | - Farah Naz Talpur
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
| | - Jameel Ahmed Baig
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Haleem Panhwar
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
| | - Mariam Shezadi Arain
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
| | - Jamshed Ali
- National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Balal Arain
- Chemistry Department, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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27
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van Osch FH, Jochems SH, van Schooten FJ, Bryan RT, Zeegers MP. Quantified relations between exposure to tobacco smoking and bladder cancer risk: a meta-analysis of 89 observational studies. Int J Epidemiol 2016; 45:857-70. [PMID: 27097748 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyw044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking is a major risk factor for bladder cancer (BC). This meta-analysis updates previous reviews on smoking characteristics and BC risk, and provides a more quantitative estimation of the dose-response relationship between smoking characteristics and BC risk. METHODS In total, 89 studies comprising data from 57 145 BC cases were included and summary odds ratios (SORs) were calculated. Dose-response meta-analyses modelled relationships between smoking intensity, duration, pack-years and cessation and BC risk. Sources of heterogeneity were explored and sensitivity analyses were conducted to test the robustness of findings. RESULTS Current smokers (SOR = 3.14, 95% CI = 2.53-3.75) and former smokers(SOR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.52-2.14) had an increased risk of BC compared with never smokers. Age at first exposure was negatively associated with BC risk. BC risk increased gradually by smoking duration and a risk plateau at smoking 15 cigarettes a day and 50 pack-years was observed. Smoking cessation is most beneficial from 20 years before diagnosis. The population-attributable risk of BC for smokers has decreased from 50% to 43% in men and from 35% to 26% in women from Europe since estimated in 2000. Results were homogeneous between sources of heterogeneity, except for lower risk estimates found in studies of Asian populations. CONCLUSIONS Active smokers are at an increased risk of BC. Dose-response meta-analyses showed a BC risk plateau for smoking intensity and indicate that even after long-term smoking cessation, an elevated risk of bladder cancer remains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frits Hm van Osch
- Department of Complex Genetics, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands, Department of Complex Genetics, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands,
| | - Sylvia Hj Jochems
- Department of Complex Genetics, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Frederik-Jan van Schooten
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands and
| | - Richard T Bryan
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Maurice P Zeegers
- Department of Complex Genetics, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK, Department of Complex Genetics, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Brahman KD, Kazi TG, Afridi HI, Baig JA, Arain SS, Talpur FN, Kazi AG, Ali J, Panhwar AH, Arain MB. Exposure of children to arsenic in drinking water in the Tharparkar region of Sindh, Pakistan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 544:653-660. [PMID: 26674695 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Humans can be exposed to arsenic (As) through air, drinking water, and food. The aim of this study was to calculate the hazard quotient (HQ) of As, based on its concentration in drinking water and the scalp hair of children (males) belonging to two age groups (5-10 and 11-14 years) who consumed water contaminated with different concentrations of As. The water samples were collected from As-exposed and nonexposed areas, which were classified as low-exposed (LE), high-exposed (HE), and nonexposed (NE) areas. The total concentration of inorganic As (iAs) and its species (As(III) and As(V)) in water samples of all selected areas was determined by advanced extraction methods. For purposes of comparison, the total As level was also determined in all water samples. The resulting data indicated that the predominant inorganic As species in groundwater samples was arsenate (As(V)). The As concentrations in drinking water of LE and HE areas were found to be 2.6-230-fold higher than the permissible limit for drinking water established by the World Health Organization (2004). However, the As levels in drinking water of the NE area was within the permissible limit (<10 μg/L). The As levels in the scalp hair samples from boys of NE, LE, and HE areas ranged from 0.16 to 0.36, 0.36 to 0.83, and 11.5 to 31.9 mg/kg, respectively. A significant, positive correlation was observed between the As levels in drinking water and scalp hair samples of children from the HE area, compared with the other two groups (p>0.01). The As toxicity risk assessment based on HQ for the NE, LE, and HE areas corresponded to <10, ≥ 10, and >10, respectively. These HQ values indicated the noncarcinogenic, less carcinogenic, and highly carcinogenic exposure risks faced by children from the NE, LE, and HE areas, respectively. It can be concluded that children consuming the groundwater of the LE (Khairpur Mir's) and HE (Tharparkar) areas of Pakistan are at a potential risk of chronic As toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Dev Brahman
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan.
| | - Tasneem Gul Kazi
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan.
| | - Hassan Imran Afridi
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan.
| | - Jameel Ahmed Baig
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan.
| | - Sadaf Sadia Arain
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan.
| | - Farah Naz Talpur
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan.
| | - Atif Gul Kazi
- Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan.
| | - Jamshed Ali
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan.
| | - Abdul Haleem Panhwar
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan.
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Abdul KSM, Jayasinghe SS, Chandana EPS, Jayasumana C, De Silva PMCS. Arsenic and human health effects: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 40:828-46. [PMID: 26476885 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 410] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is ubiquitous in nature and humans being exposed to arsenic via atmospheric air, ground water and food sources are certain. Major sources of arsenic contamination could be either through geological or via anthropogenic activities. In physiological individuals, organ system is described as group of organs that transact collectively and associate with other systems for conventional body functions. Arsenic has been associated with persuading a variety of complications in body organ systems: integumentary, nervous, respiratory, cardiovascular, hematopoietic, immune, endocrine, hepatic, renal, reproductive system and development. In this review, we outline the effects of arsenic on the human body with a main focus on assorted organ systems with respective disease conditions. Additionally, underlying mechanisms of disease development in each organ system due to arsenic have also been explored. Strikingly, arsenic has been able to induce epigenetic changes (in utero) and genetic mutations (a leading cause of cancer) in the body. Occurrence of various arsenic induced health effects involving emerging areas such as epigenetics and cancer along with their respective mechanisms are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Channa Jayasumana
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Rajarata University, Anuradhapura 50008, Sri Lanka
| | - P Mangala C S De Silva
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Ruhuna, Matara 81000, Sri Lanka
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Luo C, Xie Y, Li F, Jiang T, Wang Q, Jiang Z, Wei S. Adsorption of Arsenate on Iron Oxides as Influenced by Humic Acids. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2015; 44:1729-1737. [PMID: 26641324 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2014.11.0491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Humic acid (HA) and iron oxides (FeOs) commonly coexist, and their interactions alter their ability to adsorb pollutants in the environment. The influences of HA on arsenate [As(V)] adsorption on FeOs were investigated on the preformation of complexes and their coexistence with As(V) in solution. The results indicated that HA could be strongly adsorbed on FeOs, and the adsorption capacity (, mg g HA-C) followed the sequence goethite (7.73) > ferrihydrite (3.14) > hematite (2.25) with a desorption rate <1%. The HA adsorbed existed uniformly on the FeOs surfaces in spot form and did not change the x-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of FeOs. The formation of FeOs-HA complexes altered As(V) adsorption with a reduced adsorption capacity, prolonged reaction kinetics, and enhanced adsorption strength. The As(V) adsorption on both FeOs and FeOs-HA complexes decreased with increasing pH (2.5-9) or decreasing ionic strength (0.2-0 M). The coexistence of HA in solution linearly decreased the As(V) adsorption on FeOs. Thus, our results demonstrated two impact pathways of HA on As(V) adsorption on FeOs: (i) blockage or occupation in the surface sites of FeOs if HA preformed complexes with FeOs and (ii) a competition to the surface sites of FeOs when HA coexisted with As(V) in the solution.
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31
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Stanton BA, Caldwell K, Congdon CB, Disney J, Donahue M, Ferguson E, Flemings E, Golden M, Guerinot ML, Highman J, James K, Kim C, Lantz RC, Marvinney RG, Mayer G, Miller D, Navas-Acien A, Nordstrom DK, Postema S, Rardin L, Rosen B, SenGupta A, Shaw J, Stanton E, Susca P. MDI Biological Laboratory Arsenic Summit: Approaches to Limiting Human Exposure to Arsenic. Curr Environ Health Rep 2015; 2:329-37. [PMID: 26231509 PMCID: PMC4522277 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-015-0057-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This report is the outcome of the meeting "Environmental and Human Health Consequences of Arsenic" held at the MDI Biological Laboratory in Salisbury Cove, Maine, August 13-15, 2014. Human exposure to arsenic represents a significant health problem worldwide that requires immediate attention according to the World Health Organization (WHO). One billion people are exposed to arsenic in food, and more than 200 million people ingest arsenic via drinking water at concentrations greater than international standards. Although the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set a limit of 10 μg/L in public water supplies and the WHO has recommended an upper limit of 10 μg/L, recent studies indicate that these limits are not protective enough. In addition, there are currently few standards for arsenic in food. Those who participated in the Summit support citizens, scientists, policymakers, industry, and educators at the local, state, national, and international levels to (1) establish science-based evidence for setting standards at the local, state, national, and global levels for arsenic in water and food; (2) work with government agencies to set regulations for arsenic in water and food, to establish and strengthen non-regulatory programs, and to strengthen collaboration among government agencies, NGOs, academia, the private sector, industry, and others; (3) develop novel and cost-effective technologies for identification and reduction of exposure to arsenic in water; (4) develop novel and cost-effective approaches to reduce arsenic exposure in juice, rice, and other relevant foods; and (5) develop an Arsenic Education Plan to guide the development of science curricula as well as community outreach and education programs that serve to inform students and consumers about arsenic exposure and engage them in well water testing and development of remediation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A Stanton
- Center for the Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA,
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Farzan SF, Chen Y, Rees JR, Zens MS, Karagas MR. Risk of death from cardiovascular disease associated with low-level arsenic exposure among long-term smokers in a US population-based study. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 287:93-97. [PMID: 26048586 PMCID: PMC4536141 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
High levels of arsenic exposure have been associated with increases in cardiovascular disease risk. However, studies of arsenic's effects at lower exposure levels are limited and few prospective studies exist in the United States using long-term arsenic exposure biomarkers. We conducted a prospective analysis of the association between toenail arsenic and cardiovascular disease mortality using longitudinal data collected on 3939 participants in the New Hampshire Skin Cancer Study. Using Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for potential confounders, we estimated hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals associated with the risk of death from any cardiovascular disease, ischemic heart disease, and stroke, in relation to natural-log transformed toenail arsenic concentrations. In this US population, although we observed no overall association, arsenic exposure measured from toenail clipping samples was related to an increased risk of ischemic heart disease mortality among long-term smokers (as reported at baseline), with increased hazard ratios among individuals with ≥ 31 total smoking years (HR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.02, 2.27), ≥ 30 pack-years (HR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.12, 2.45), and among current smokers (HR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.75). These results are consistent with evidence from more highly exposed populations suggesting a synergistic relationship between arsenic exposure and smoking on health outcomes and support a role for lower-level arsenic exposure in ischemic heart disease mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohreh F Farzan
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA; Departments of Population Health and Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Departments of Population Health and Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Judy R Rees
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - M Scot Zens
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Margaret R Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA.
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Rager JE, Tilley SK, Tulenko SE, Smeester L, Ray PD, Yosim A, Currier JM, Ishida MC, González-Horta MDC, Sánchez-Ramírez B, Ballinas-Casarrubias L, Gutiérrez-Torres DS, Drobná Z, Del Razo LM, García-Vargas GG, Kim WY, Zhou YH, Wright FA, Stýblo M, Fry RC. Identification of novel gene targets and putative regulators of arsenic-associated DNA methylation in human urothelial cells and bladder cancer. Chem Res Toxicol 2015; 28:1144-55. [PMID: 26039340 DOI: 10.1021/tx500393y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There is strong epidemiologic evidence linking chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) to myriad adverse health effects, including cancer of the bladder. We set out to identify DNA methylation patterns associated with arsenic and its metabolites in exfoliated urothelial cells (EUCs) that originate primarily from the urinary bladder, one of the targets of arsenic-induced carcinogenesis. Genome-wide, gene-specific promoter DNA methylation levels were assessed in EUCs from 46 residents of Chihuahua, Mexico, and the relationship was examined between promoter methylation profiles and the intracellular concentrations of total arsenic and arsenic species. A set of 49 differentially methylated genes was identified with increased promoter methylation associated with EUC tAs, iAs, and/or monomethylated As (MMAs) enriched for their roles in metabolic disease and cancer. Notably, no genes had differential methylation associated with EUC dimethylated As (DMAs), suggesting that DMAs may influence DNA methylation-mediated urothelial cell responses to a lesser extent than iAs or MMAs. Further analysis showed that 22 of the 49 arsenic-associated genes (45%) are also differentially methylated in bladder cancer tissue identified using The Cancer Genome Atlas repository. Both the arsenic- and cancer-associated genes are enriched for the binding sites of common transcription factors known to play roles in carcinogenesis, demonstrating a novel potential mechanistic link between iAs exposure and bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E Rager
- †Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
| | - Sloane K Tilley
- †Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
| | - Samantha E Tulenko
- †Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
| | - Lisa Smeester
- †Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
| | - Paul D Ray
- †Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States.,‡Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Andrew Yosim
- †Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States
| | - Jenna M Currier
- ‡Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - María C Ishida
- §Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31125, México
| | | | - Blanca Sánchez-Ramírez
- §Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31125, México
| | | | | | - Zuzana Drobná
- ∥Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Luz M Del Razo
- ⊥Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, DF 07360, México
| | - Gonzalo G García-Vargas
- #Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Gómez Palacio, Durango 34000, México
| | - William Y Kim
- ○Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, United States
| | | | | | - Miroslav Stýblo
- ‡Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.,∥Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Rebecca C Fry
- †Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516, United States.,‡Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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Chappells H, Campbell N, Drage J, Fernandez CV, Parker L, Dummer TJB. Understanding the translation of scientific knowledge about arsenic risk exposure among private well water users in Nova Scotia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 505:1259-1273. [PMID: 24444512 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a class I human carcinogen that has been identified as the second most important global health concern in groundwater supplies after contamination by pathogenic organisms. Hydrogeological assessments have shown naturally occurring arsenic to be widespread in groundwater across the northeastern United States and eastern Canada. Knowledge of arsenic risk exposure among private well users in these arsenic endemic areas has not yet been fully explored but research on water quality perceptions indicates a consistent misalignment between public and scientific assessments of environmental risk. This paper evaluates knowledge of arsenic risk exposure among a demographic cross-section of well users residing in 5 areas of Nova Scotia assessed to be at variable risk (high-low) of arsenic occurrence in groundwater based on water sample analysis. An integrated knowledge-to-action (KTA) methodological approach is utilized to comprehensively assess the personal, social and local factors shaping perception of well water contaminant risks and the translation of knowledge into routine water testing behaviors. Analysis of well user survey data (n=420) reveals a high level of confidence in well water quality that is unrelated to the relative risk of arsenic exposure or homeowner adherence to government testing recommendations. Further analysis from the survey and in-depth well user interviews (n=32) finds that well users' assessments of risk are influenced by personal experience, local knowledge, social networks and convenience of infrastructure rather than by formal information channels, which are largely failing to reach their target audiences. Insights from interviews with stakeholders representing government health and environment agencies (n=15) are used to reflect on the institutional barriers that mediate the translation of scientific knowledge into public awareness and stewardship behaviors. The utilization of local knowledge brokers, community-based networks and regulatory incentives to improve risk knowledge and support routine testing among private well users is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Chappells
- Dalhousie University, Population Cancer Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, 1494 Carlton Street, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Norma Campbell
- Dalhousie University, Population Cancer Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, 1494 Carlton Street, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - John Drage
- Nova Scotia Department of Natural Resources, Geological Services Division, 1701 Hollis Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3J 2T9, Canada.
| | - Conrad V Fernandez
- Dalhousie University and IWK Health Centre, Departments of Pediatrics and Bioethics, 5850 University Avenue, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3K 6R8, Canada.
| | - Louise Parker
- Dalhousie University, Population Cancer Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, 1494 Carlton Street, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Trevor J B Dummer
- Dalhousie University, Population Cancer Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, 1494 Carlton Street, P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada.
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Dummer TJB, Yu ZM, Nauta L, Murimboh JD, Parker L. Geostatistical modelling of arsenic in drinking water wells and related toenail arsenic concentrations across Nova Scotia, Canada. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 505:1248-58. [PMID: 24613511 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a naturally occurring class 1 human carcinogen that is widespread in private drinking water wells throughout the province of Nova Scotia in Canada. In this paper we explore the spatial variation in toenail arsenic concentrations (arsenic body burden) in Nova Scotia. We describe the regional distribution of arsenic concentrations in private well water supplies in the province, and evaluate the geological and environmental features associated with higher levels of arsenic in well water. We develop geostatistical process models to predict high toenail arsenic concentrations and high well water arsenic concentrations, which have utility for studies where no direct measurements of arsenic body burden or arsenic exposure are available. 892 men and women who participated in the Atlantic Partnership for Tomorrow's Health Project provided both drinking water and toenail clipping samples. Information on socio-demographic, lifestyle and health factors was obtained with a set of standardized questionnaires. Anthropometric indices and arsenic concentrations in drinking water and toenails were measured. In addition, data on arsenic concentrations in 10,498 private wells were provided by the Nova Scotia Department of Environment. We utilised stepwise multivariable logistic regression modelling to develop separate statistical models to: a) predict high toenail arsenic concentrations (defined as toenail arsenic levels ≥0.12 μg g(-1)) and b) predict high well water arsenic concentrations (defined as well water arsenic levels ≥5.0 μg L(-1)). We found that the geological and environmental information that predicted well water arsenic concentrations can also be used to accurately predict toenail arsenic concentrations. We conclude that geological and environmental factors contributing to arsenic contamination in well water are the major contributing influences on arsenic body burden among Nova Scotia residents. Further studies are warranted to assess appropriate intervention strategies for reducing arsenic body burden among human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J B Dummer
- Population Cancer Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
| | - Z M Yu
- Population Cancer Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - L Nauta
- Population Cancer Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - J D Murimboh
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada
| | - L Parker
- Population Cancer Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Fei W, Chen W, Shengnan L, Huihui W, Shuhua X, Guifan S. Inflammatory cytokine COX-2 mediated cell proliferation through increasing cyclin D1 expression induced by inorganic arsenic in SV-HUC-1 human uroepithelial cells. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tx00196j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic promotes SV-HUC-1 cells proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Fei
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health
- Liaoning Provincial Key Lab of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning
- School of Public Health
- China Medical University
- Shenyang
| | - Wang Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health
- Liaoning Provincial Key Lab of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning
- School of Public Health
- China Medical University
- Shenyang
| | - Liu Shengnan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health
- Liaoning Provincial Key Lab of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning
- School of Public Health
- China Medical University
- Shenyang
| | - Wang Huihui
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health
- Liaoning Provincial Key Lab of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning
- School of Public Health
- China Medical University
- Shenyang
| | - Xi Shuhua
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health
- Liaoning Provincial Key Lab of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning
- School of Public Health
- China Medical University
- Shenyang
| | - Sun Guifan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health
- Liaoning Provincial Key Lab of Arsenic Biological Effect and Poisoning
- School of Public Health
- China Medical University
- Shenyang
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Lamm SH, Robbins S, Chen R, Lu J, Goodrich B, Feinleib M. Discontinuity in the cancer slope factor as it passes from high to low exposure levels – arsenic in the BFD-endemic area. Toxicology 2014; 326:25-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2014.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Huang L, Wu H, van der Kuijp TJ. The health effects of exposure to arsenic-contaminated drinking water: a review by global geographical distribution. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2014; 25:432-452. [PMID: 25365079 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2014.958139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Chronic arsenic exposure through drinking water has been a vigorously studied and debated subject. However, the existing literature does not allow for a thorough examination of the potential regional discrepancies that may arise among arsenic-related health outcomes. The purpose of this article is to provide an updated review of the literature on arsenic exposure and commonly discussed health effects according to global geographical distribution. This geographically segmented approach helps uncover the discrepancies in the health effects of arsenic. For instance, women are more susceptible than men to a few types of cancer in Taiwan, but not in other countries. Although skin cancer and arsenic exposure correlations have been discovered in Chile, Argentina, the United States, and Taiwan, no evident association was found in mainland China. We then propose several globally applicable recommendations to prevent and treat the further spread of arsenic poisoning and suggestions of future study designs and decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- a State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse , School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing , China
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Bloom MS, Neamtiu IA, Surdu S, Pop C, Lupsa IR, Anastasiu D, Fitzgerald EF, Gurzau ES. Consumption of low-moderate level arsenic contaminated water does not increase spontaneous pregnancy loss: a case control study. Environ Health 2014; 13:81. [PMID: 25311704 PMCID: PMC4216381 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-13-81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous work suggests an increased risk for spontaneous pregnancy loss linked to high levels of inorganic arsenic (iAs) in drinking water sources (>10 μg/L). However, there has been little focus to date on the impact of low-moderate levels of iAs in drinking water (<10 μg/L). To address this data gap we conducted a hospital-based case-control study in Timis County, Romania. METHODS We recruited women with incident spontaneous pregnancy loss of 5-20 weeks completed gestation as cases (n = 150), and women with ongoing pregnancies matched by gestational age (±1 week) as controls (n = 150). Participants completed a physician-administered questionnaire and we collected water samples from residential drinking sources. We reconstructed residential drinking water exposure histories using questionnaire data weighted by iAs determined using hydride generation-atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-AAS). Logistic regression models were used to generate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between iAs exposure and loss, conditioned on gestational age and adjusted for maternal age, cigarette smoking, education and prenatal vitamin use. We explored potential interactions in a second set of models. RESULTS Drinking water arsenic concentrations ranged from 0.0 to 175.1 μg/L, with median 0.4 μg/L and 90th%tile 9.4 μg/L. There were no statistically significant associations between loss and average or peak drinking water iAs concentrations (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.96-1.01), or for daily iAs intake (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.98-1.02). We detected modest evidence for an interaction between average iAs concentration and cigarette smoking during pregnancy (P = 0.057) and for daily iAs exposure and prenatal vitamin use (P = 0.085). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest no increased risk for spontaneous pregnancy loss in association with low to moderate level drinking water iAs exposure. Though imprecise, our data also raise the possibility for increased risk among cigarette smokers. Given the low exposures overall, these data should reassure pregnant women and policy makers with regard to the potential effect of drinking water iAs on early pregnancy, though a larger more definitive study to investigate the potential risk increase in conjunction with cigarette smoking is merited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Bloom
- />Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, School of Public Health, Rensselaer, NY USA
- />Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, School of Public Health, Rensselaer, NY USA
| | | | - Simona Surdu
- />Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, School of Public Health, Rensselaer, NY USA
| | - Cristian Pop
- />Environmental Health Center, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Doru Anastasiu
- />University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, Timisoara, Romania
- />Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of the Emergency County Hospital, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Edward F Fitzgerald
- />Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, School of Public Health, Rensselaer, NY USA
- />Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, School of Public Health, Rensselaer, NY USA
| | - Eugen S Gurzau
- />Environmental Health Center, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- />University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Haţieganu”, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Davis MA, Gilbert-Diamond D, Karagas MR, Li Z, Moore JH, Williams SM, Frost HR. A dietary-wide association study (DWAS) of environmental metal exposure in US children and adults. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104768. [PMID: 25198543 PMCID: PMC4157769 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of evidence suggests that exposure to toxic metals occurs through diet but few studies have comprehensively examined dietary sources of exposure in US populations. PURPOSE Our goal was to perform a novel dietary-wide association study (DWAS) to identify specific dietary sources of lead, cadmium, mercury, and arsenic exposure in US children and adults. METHODS We combined data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey with data from the US Department of Agriculture's Food Intakes Converted to Retail Commodities Database to examine associations between 49 different foods and environmental metal exposure. Using blood and urinary biomarkers for lead, cadmium, mercury, and arsenic, we compared sources of dietary exposure among children to that of adults. RESULTS Diet accounted for more of the variation in mercury and arsenic than lead and cadmium. For instance we estimate 4.5% of the variation of mercury among children and 10.5% among adults is explained by diet. We identified a previously unrecognized association between rice consumption and mercury in a US study population--adjusted for other dietary sources such as seafood, an increase of 10 g/day of rice consumption was associated with a 4.8% (95% CI: 3.6, 5.2) increase in blood mercury concentration. Associations between diet and metal exposure were similar among children and adults, and we recapitulated other known dietary sources of exposure. CONCLUSION Utilizing this combination of data sources, this approach has the potential to identify and monitor dietary sources of metal exposure in the US population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Davis
- Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
- Institute for Quantitative Biomedical Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
- University of Michigan School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Diane Gilbert-Diamond
- Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
- Institute for Quantitative Biomedical Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
- Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Margaret R. Karagas
- Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
- Institute for Quantitative Biomedical Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
- Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Zhigang Li
- Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
- Institute for Quantitative Biomedical Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
- Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Jason H. Moore
- Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
- Institute for Quantitative Biomedical Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
- Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Scott M. Williams
- Institute for Quantitative Biomedical Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - H. Robert Frost
- Institute for Quantitative Biomedical Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
- Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
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Gentry PR, Yager JW, Clewell RA, Clewell HJ. Use of mode of action data to inform a dose-response assessment for bladder cancer following exposure to inorganic arsenic. Toxicol In Vitro 2014; 28:1196-205. [PMID: 24937311 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In the recent National Research Council report on conducting a dose-response assessment for inorganic arsenic, the committee remarked that mode of action data should be used, to the extent possible, to extrapolate below the observed range for epidemiological studies to inform the shape of the dose-response curve. Recent in vitro mode of action studies focused on understanding the development of bladder cancer following exposure to inorganic arsenic provide data to inform the dose-response curve. These in vitro data, combined with results of bladder cancer epidemiology studies, inform the dose-response curve in the low-dose region, and include values for both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic variability. Integration of these data provides evidence of a range of concentrations of arsenic for which no effect on the bladder would be expected. Specifically, integration of these results suggest that arsenic exposures in the range of 7-43 ppb in drinking water are exceedingly unlikely to elicit changes leading to key events in the development of cancer or noncancer effects in bladder tissue. These findings are consistent with the lack of evidence for bladder cancer following chronic ingestion of arsenic water concentrations <100 ppb in epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Gentry
- ENVIRON International Corporation, 1900 N. 18th Street, Suite 804, Monroe, LA 71201, United States.
| | - J W Yager
- ENVIRON International Corporation, 2200 Powell Street, Suite 700, Emeryville, CA 94608, United States; University of New Mexico, MSC 10 5550, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, United States
| | - R A Clewell
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, 6 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2137, United States
| | - H J Clewell
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, 6 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2137, United States
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Saint-Jacques N, Parker L, Brown P, Dummer TJB. Arsenic in drinking water and urinary tract cancers: a systematic review of 30 years of epidemiological evidence. Environ Health 2014; 13:44. [PMID: 24889821 PMCID: PMC4088919 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-13-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arsenic in drinking water is a public health issue affecting hundreds of millions of people worldwide. This review summarizes 30 years of epidemiological studies on arsenic exposure in drinking water and the risk of bladder or kidney cancer, quantifying these risks using a meta-analytical framework. METHODS Forty studies met the selection criteria. Seventeen provided point estimates of arsenic concentrations in drinking water and were used in a meta-analysis of bladder cancer incidence (7 studies) and mortality (10 studies) and kidney cancer mortality (2 studies). Risk estimates for incidence and mortality were analyzed separately using Generalized Linear Models. Predicted risks for bladder cancer incidence were estimated at 10, 50 and 150 μg/L arsenic in drinking water. Bootstrap randomizations were used to assess robustness of effect size. RESULTS Twenty-eight studies observed an association between arsenic in drinking water and bladder cancer. Ten studies showed an association with kidney cancer, although of lower magnitude than that for bladder cancer. The meta-analyses showed the predicted risks for bladder cancer incidence were 2.7 [1.2-4.1]; 4.2 [2.1-6.3] and; 5.8 [2.9-8.7] for drinking water arsenic levels of 10, 50, and 150 μg/L, respectively. Bootstrapped randomizations confirmed this increased risk, but, lowering the effect size to 1.4 [0.35-4.0], 2.3 [0.59-6.4], and 3.1 [0.80-8.9]. The latter suggests that with exposures to 50 μg/L, there was an 83% probability for elevated incidence of bladder cancer; and a 74% probability for elevated mortality. For both bladder and kidney cancers, mortality rates at 150 ug/L were about 30% greater than those at 10 μg/L. CONCLUSION Arsenic in drinking water is associated with an increased risk of bladder and kidney cancers, although at lower levels (<150 μg/L), there is uncertainty due to the increased likelihood of exposure misclassification at the lower end of the exposure curve. Meta-analyses suggest exposure to 10 μg/L of arsenic in drinking water may double the risk of bladder cancer, or at the very least, increase it by about 40%. With the large number of people exposed to these arsenic concentrations worldwide the public health consequences of arsenic in drinking water are substantial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Saint-Jacques
- Cancer Care Nova Scotia, Surveillance and Epidemiology Unit, Room 560 Bethune Building, 1276 South Street, Halifax B3H 2Y9, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Interdisciplinary PhD program, Dalhousie University, 6299 South Street, Room 314, PO Box 15000, Halifax B3H 4R2, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Louise Parker
- Department of Pediatrics and Population Cancer Research Program, Dalhousie University, 1494 Carlton Street, PO Box 15000, Halifax B3H 4R2, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Patrick Brown
- Population Studies and Surveillance, Cancer Care Ontario, 620 University Ave, Toronto M5G 2 L7 Ontario, Canada
| | - Trevor JB Dummer
- Department of Pediatrics and Population Cancer Research Program, Dalhousie University, 1494 Carlton Street, PO Box 15000, Halifax B3H 4R2, Nova Scotia, Canada
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The impact of recent advances in research on arsenic cancer risk assessment. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 69:91-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Yu ZM, Fung B, Murimboh JD, Parker L, Dummer TJB. What is the role of obesity in the aetiology of arsenic-related disease? ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2014; 66:115-23. [PMID: 24571799 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of arsenic contaminated drinking water causes a large variety of adverse health outcomes. Body mass index (BMI), which is linked to diet, is positively associated with arsenic methylation capacity. We investigated the association between an obesity-related diet and arsenic body burden from exposure to naturally contaminated drinking water among Nova Scotia residents. We collected home drinking water and toenail clipping samples among 960 men and women aged 35 to 69 years in Nova Scotia, Canada from 2009 through 2010. We measured body composition and arsenic concentrations in drinking water and toenails clipping samples and collected socio-demographic, behavioural, and dietary information via standardized questionnaires. We derived an obesity-related dietary pattern score using reduced rank regression. Across quartiles of the obesity-related dietary pattern score there were no significant differences in drinking water arsenic concentrations, but there was an inverse trend in arsenic concentrations in toenails across the dietary pattern score (P=0.01). Compared with individuals in the first quartile of the dietary pattern score, those in the second through fourth quartiles had decreased likelihoods of high toenail arsenic (≥ 85 percentile). The corresponding odds ratios (95% confidence intervals [CI]) were 0.81 (95% CI, 0.49, 1.36), 0.57 (95% CI, 0.33, 0.99), and 0.55 (95% CI, 0.31, 0.98), respectively (P for trend=0.02). We conclude that given similar levels of naturally occurring arsenic exposure via drinking water, an obesity-related dietary pattern was associated with significantly lower arsenic concentrations in toenails. Further studies to investigate the underlining mechanisms are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie M Yu
- Population Cancer Research Program and Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Bryan Fung
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - John D Murimboh
- Department of Chemistry, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - Louise Parker
- Population Cancer Research Program and Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Trevor J B Dummer
- Population Cancer Research Program and Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada.
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Villanueva CM, Kogevinas M, Cordier S, Templeton MR, Vermeulen R, Nuckols JR, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Levallois P. Assessing exposure and health consequences of chemicals in drinking water: current state of knowledge and research needs. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2014; 122:213-21. [PMID: 24380896 PMCID: PMC3948022 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1206229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Safe drinking water is essential for well-being. Although microbiological contamination remains the largest cause of water-related morbidity and mortality globally, chemicals in water supplies may also cause disease, and evidence of the human health consequences is limited or lacking for many of them. OBJECTIVES We aimed to summarize the state of knowledge, identify gaps in understanding, and provide recommendations for epidemiological research relating to chemicals occurring in drinking water. DISCUSSION Assessing exposure and the health consequences of chemicals in drinking water is challenging. Exposures are typically at low concentrations, measurements in water are frequently insufficient, chemicals are present in mixtures, exposure periods are usually long, multiple exposure routes may be involved, and valid biomarkers reflecting the relevant exposure period are scarce. In addition, the magnitude of the relative risks tends to be small. CONCLUSIONS Research should include well-designed epidemiological studies covering regions with contrasting contaminant levels and sufficient sample size; comprehensive evaluation of contaminant occurrence in combination with bioassays integrating the effect of complex mixtures; sufficient numbers of measurements in water to evaluate geographical and temporal variability; detailed information on personal habits resulting in exposure (e.g., ingestion, showering, swimming, diet); collection of biological samples to measure relevant biomarkers; and advanced statistical models to estimate exposure and relative risks, considering methods to address measurement error. Last, the incorporation of molecular markers of early biological effects and genetic susceptibility is essential to understand the mechanisms of action. There is a particular knowledge gap and need to evaluate human exposure and the risks of a wide range of emerging contaminants. CITATION Villanueva CM, Kogevinas M, Cordier S, Templeton MR, Vermeulen R, Nuckols JR, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Levallois P. 2014. Assessing exposure and health consequences of chemicals in drinking water: current state of knowledge and research needs. Environ Health Perspect 122:213–221; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1206229
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Tsuji JS, Alexander DD, Perez V, Mink PJ. Arsenic exposure and bladder cancer: quantitative assessment of studies in human populations to detect risks at low doses. Toxicology 2014; 317:17-30. [PMID: 24462659 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
While exposures to high levels of arsenic in drinking water are associated with excess cancer risk (e.g., skin, bladder, and lung), exposures at lower levels (e.g., <100-200 µg/L) generally are not. Lack of significant associations may result from methodological issues (e.g., inadequate statistical power, exposure misclassification), or a different dose-response relationship at low exposures, possibly associated with a toxicological mode of action that requires a sufficient dose for increased tumor formation. The extent to which bladder cancer risk for low-level arsenic exposure can be statistically measured by epidemiological studies was examined using an updated meta-analysis of bladder cancer risk with data from two new publications. The summary relative risk estimate (SRRE) for all nine studies was elevated slightly, but not significantly (1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.95-1.21, p-Heterogeneity [p-H]=0.543). The SRRE among never smokers was 0.85 (95% CI: 0.66-1.08, p-H=0.915), whereas the SRRE was positive and more heterogeneous among ever smokers (1.18; 95% CI: 0.97-1.44, p-H=0.034). The SRRE was statistically significantly lower than relative risks predicted for never smokers in the United States based on linear extrapolation of risks from higher doses in southwest Taiwan to arsenic water exposures >10 µg/L for more than one-third of a lifetime. By contrast, for all study subjects, relative risks predicted for one-half of lifetime exposure to 50 µg/L were just above the upper 95% CI on the SRRE. Thus, results from low-exposure studies, particularly for never smokers, were statistically inconsistent with predicted risk based on high-dose extrapolation. Additional studies that better characterize tobacco use and stratify analyses of arsenic and bladder cancer by smoking status are necessary to further examine risks of arsenic exposure for smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce S Tsuji
- Exponent, Inc., 15375 SE 30th Place, Suite 250, Bellevue, WA 98007, United States.
| | - Dominik D Alexander
- Exponent, Inc., 2595 Canyon Boulevard, Suite 440, Boulder, CO 80302, United States
| | - Vanessa Perez
- Exponent, Inc., 525 West Monroe Street, Suite 1050, Chicago, IL 60661, United States
| | - Pamela J Mink
- Allina Health, Division of Applied Research, Mail Route 10105, 2925 Chicago Avenue S, Minneapolis, MN 55407, United States
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Cohen SM, Arnold LL, Beck BD, Lewis AS, Eldan M. Evaluation of the carcinogenicity of inorganic arsenic. Crit Rev Toxicol 2013; 43:711-52. [DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2013.827152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Sawada N, Iwasaki M, Inoue M, Takachi R, Sasazuki S, Yamaji T, Shimazu T, Tsugane S. Dietary arsenic intake and subsequent risk of cancer: the Japan Public Health Center-based (JPHC) Prospective Study. Cancer Causes Control 2013; 24:1403-15. [PMID: 23666560 PMCID: PMC3675277 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-013-0220-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Arsenic is a known human carcinogen and has been linked to adverse health outcomes, including cancer. However, the effects of arsenic exposure from food on health are still unknown. We researched to examine the association between arsenic exposure from food and incidence of cancer in a Japanese population. METHODS We conducted a population-based prospective study in 90,378 Japanese men and women aged 45-74 years. Participants responded to a validated questionnaire that included 138 food items. We estimated dietary arsenic intake from 12 food groups (75 items) based on the questionnaire data. During 11 years of follow-up, 7,002 cancer cases were identified. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for cancer were calculated by Cox proportional hazards modeling. RESULTS Total arsenic and inorganic arsenic showed no association with the risk of total cancer in both men and women. Total arsenic and inorganic arsenic intake tended to be associated with an increased risk of lung cancer in men. In particular, these positive associations were strengthened in currently smoking men, with HRs (95% CI) in the highest categories of arsenic and inorganic arsenic intake compared with the lowest of 1.29 (95% CI = 1.03-1.61) and 1.36 (95% CI = 1.09-1.70), respectively. We also detected an interaction between arsenic and inorganic arsenic intake and smoking status in men (p(interaction) < 0.01 and 0.07, respectively). CONCLUSION A significant dose-response trend was seen in the association of arsenic and inorganic intake with lung cancer risk in currently smoking men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norie Sawada
- Epidemiology and Prevention Division, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan.
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Su C, Andrew A, Karagas MR, Borsuk ME. Using Bayesian networks to discover relations between genes, environment, and disease. BioData Min 2013; 6:6. [PMID: 23514120 PMCID: PMC3614442 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0381-6-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We review the applicability of Bayesian networks (BNs) for discovering relations between genes, environment, and disease. By translating probabilistic dependencies among variables into graphical models and vice versa, BNs provide a comprehensible and modular framework for representing complex systems. We first describe the Bayesian network approach and its applicability to understanding the genetic and environmental basis of disease. We then describe a variety of algorithms for learning the structure of a network from observational data. Because of their relevance to real-world applications, the topics of missing data and causal interpretation are emphasized. The BN approach is then exemplified through application to data from a population-based study of bladder cancer in New Hampshire, USA. For didactical purposes, we intentionally keep this example simple. When applied to complete data records, we find only minor differences in the performance and results of different algorithms. Subsequent incorporation of partial records through application of the EM algorithm gives us greater power to detect relations. Allowing for network structures that depart from a strict causal interpretation also enhances our ability to discover complex associations including gene-gene (epistasis) and gene-environment interactions. While BNs are already powerful tools for the genetic dissection of disease and generation of prognostic models, there remain some conceptual and computational challenges. These include the proper handling of continuous variables and unmeasured factors, the explicit incorporation of prior knowledge, and the evaluation and communication of the robustness of substantive conclusions to alternative assumptions and data manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwei Su
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
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Liu-Mares W, Mackinnon JA, Sherman R, Fleming LE, Rocha-Lima C, Hu JJ, Lee DJ. Pancreatic cancer clusters and arsenic-contaminated drinking water wells in Florida. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:111. [PMID: 23510413 PMCID: PMC3600048 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We sought to identify high-risk areas of pancreatic cancer incidence, and determine if clusters of persons diagnosed with pancreatic cancer were more likely to be located near arsenic-contaminated drinking water wells. Methods A total of 5,707 arsenic samples were collected from December 2000 to May 2008 by the Florida Department of Health, representing more than 5,000 individual privately owned wells. During that period, 0.010 ppm (10 ppb) or greater arsenic levels in private well water were considered as the threshold based on standard of United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Spatial modeling was applied to pancreatic cancer cases diagnosed between 1998–2002 in Florida (n = 11,405). Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine if sociodemographic indicators, smoking history, and proximity to arsenic-contaminated well sites were associated with residence at the time of pancreatic cancer diagnosis occurring within versus outside a cluster. Results Spatial modeling identified 16 clusters in which 22.6% of all pancreatic cancer cases were located. Cases living within 1 mile of known arsenic-contaminated wells were significantly more likely to be diagnosed within a cluster of pancreatic cancers relative to cases living more than 3 miles from known sites (odds ratio = 2.1 [95% CI = 1.9, 2.4]). Conclusions Exposure to arsenic-contaminated drinking water wells may be associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer. However, case–control studies are needed in order to confirm the findings of this ecological analysis. These cluster areas may be appropriate to evaluate pancreatic cancer risk factors, and to perform targeted screening and prevention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Liu-Mares
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th St,, CRB 1512, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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