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Liu M, Du Y, Li H, Wang L, Ponikwicka-Tyszko D, Lebiedzinska W, Pilaszewicz-Puza A, Liu H, Zhou L, Fan H, Wang M, You H, Wolczynnski S, Rahman N, Guo YD, Li X. Cyanidin-3-o-Glucoside Pharmacologically Inhibits Tumorigenesis via Estrogen Receptor β in Melanoma Mice. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1110. [PMID: 31696058 PMCID: PMC6817467 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression patterns of estrogen receptors [ERα, ERβ, and G-protein associated ER (GPER)] in melanoma and skin may suggest their differential roles in carcinogenesis. Phytoestrogenic compound cyanidin-3-o-glucoside (C3G) has been shown to inhibit the growth and metastatic potential of melanoma, although the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. The aim of this study was to clarify the mechanism of action of C3G in melanoma in vitro and in vivo, as well as to characterize the functional expressions of ERs in melanoma. In normal skin or melanoma (n = 20/each), no ERα protein was detectable, whereas expression of ERβ was high in skin but weak focal or negative in melanoma; and finally high expression of GPER in all skin vs. 50% melanoma tissues (10/20) was found. These results correspond with our analysis of the melanoma survival rates (SRs) from Human Protein Atlas and The Cancer Genome Atlas GDC (362 patients), where low ERβ expression in melanoma correlate with a poor relapse-free survival, and no correlations were observed between SRs and ERα or GPER expression in melanoma. Furthermore, we demonstrated that C3G treatment arrested the cell cycle at the G2/M phase by targeting cyclin B1 (CCNB1) and promoted apoptosis via ERβ in both mouse and human melanoma cell lines, and inhibited melanoma cell growth in vivo. Our study suggested that C3G elicits an agonistic effect toward ERβ signaling enhancement, which may serve as a potential novel therapeutic and preventive approach for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of the Agro-Biotechnology, College of Horticultural Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Department of Pathology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqi Du
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of the Agro-Biotechnology, College of Horticultural Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of the Agro-Biotechnology, College of Horticultural Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of the Agro-Biotechnology, College of Horticultural Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Donata Ponikwicka-Tyszko
- Department of Biology and Pathology of Human Reproduction, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Weronika Lebiedzinska
- Department of Reproduction and Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Agata Pilaszewicz-Puza
- Department of Medical Pathomorphology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Huijiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of the Agro-Biotechnology, College of Horticultural Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of the Agro-Biotechnology, College of Horticultural Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hanlu Fan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of the Agro-Biotechnology, College of Horticultural Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingming Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of the Agro-Biotechnology, College of Horticultural Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua You
- State Key Laboratory of the Agro-Biotechnology, College of Horticultural Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Slawomir Wolczynnski
- Department of Reproduction and Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Nafis Rahman
- Department of Reproduction and Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Yang-Dong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of the Agro-Biotechnology, College of Horticultural Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of the Agro-Biotechnology, College of Horticultural Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Department of Reproduction and Gynecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.,Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Felsani A, Mileo AM, Maresca V, Picardo M, Paggi MG. New technologies used in the study of human melanoma. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 2007; 261:247-86. [PMID: 17560284 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(07)61006-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The amount of information on tumor biology has expanded enormously, essentially due to the completion of the human genome sequencing and to the application of new technologies that represent an exciting breakthrough in molecular analysis. Often these data spring from experimental procedures, such as a serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) and DNA microarrays, which cannot be defined as hypothesis-driven: it may appear to be a "brute force" approach through which no information can be directly generated concerning the specific functions of selected genes in a definite context. However, interesting results are fruitfully generated, and thus it is important to consider the enormous potential these new technologies possess and to learn how to apply this novel form of knowledge in the emerging field of molecular medicine. This review, after a limited outline regarding several classic aspects of human cutaneous melanoma biology, genetics, and clinical approaches, will focus on the proficient use of up-to-date technologies in the study of the neoplastic disease and on their capability to provide effective support to conventional approaches in melanoma diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Felsani
- CNR, Istituto di Neurobiologia e Medicina Molecolare, 00143 Rome, Italy
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4
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Boucneau J, De Schepper S, Vuylsteke M, Van Hummelen P, Naeyaert JM, Lambert J. Gene expression profiling of cultured human NF1 heterozygous (NF1+/-) melanocytes reveals downregulation of a transcriptional cis-regulatory network mediating activation of the melanocyte-specific dopachrome tautomerase (DCT) gene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 18:285-99. [PMID: 16033338 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0749.2005.00237.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
One of the major primary features of the neurocutaneous genetic disorder Neurofibromatosis type 1 are the hyperpigmentary café-au-lait macules where disregulation of melanocyte biology is supposed to play a key etiopathogenic role. To gain better insight into the possible role of the tumor suppressor gene NF1, a transcriptomic microarray analysis was performed on human NF1 heterozygous (NF1+/-) melanocytes of a Neurofibromatosis type 1 patient and NF1 wild type (NF1+/+) melanocytes of a healthy control patient, both cultured from normally pigmented skin and hyperpigmented lesional café-au-lait skin. From the magnitude of gene effects, we found that gene expression was affected most strongly by genotype and less so by lesional type. A total of 137 genes had a significant twofold or more up- (72) or downregulated (65) expression in NF1+/- melanocytes compared with NF1+/+ melanocytes. Melanocytes cultured from hyperpigmented café-au-lait skin showed 37 upregulated genes whereas only 14 were downregulated compared with normal skin melanocytes. In addition, significant genotype xlesional type interactions were observed for 465 genes. Differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in regulating cell proliferation and cell adhesion. A high number of transcription factor genes, among which a specific subset important in melanocyte lineage development, were downregulated in the cis-regulatory network governing the activation of the melanocyte-specific dopachrome tautomerase (DCT) gene. Although the results presented have been obtained with a restricted number of patients (one NF1 patient and one control) and using cDNA microarrays that may limit their interpretation, the data nevertheless addresses for the first time the effect of a heterozygous NF1 gene on the expression of the human melanocyte transcriptome and has generated several interesting candidate genes helpful in elucidating the etiopathology of café-au-lait macules in NF1 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Boucneau
- Department of Dermatology, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
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5
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital neomelanocytic naevi appear in nearly 1% of newborns. Giant hairy naevi (GHN) are uncommon lesions covering large areas of the body. They are of concern because they have the potential to transform into malignant melanomas. AIMS To describe gene expression profiles of GHN and nearby normal skin from patients with GHN and normal control skin (from patients with cleft lip/palate). METHODS Tissues from three patients with GHN and two normal controls were studied for differences in gene expression profiles. Total RNA was isolated from normal skin near the hairy naevus, GHN, and skin from normal controls. The RNA samples were subjected to probe labelling, hybridisation to chips, and image acquisition according to the standard Affymetrix protocol. RESULTS There were 227 genes affected across all samples, as determined by DNA microarray analysis. There was increased expression of 22 genes in GHN compared with nearby normal skin. Decreased expression was noted in 73 genes. In addition, there was increased expression of 36 genes in normal skin near GHN compared with normal control skin, and decreased expression of five genes. Categories of genes affected were those encoding structural proteins, proteins related to developmental processes, cell death associated proteins, transcription factors, growth factors, stress response modulators, and collagen associated proteins. Changes in mRNA expression were checked by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. CONCLUSIONS Genetic profiles of GHN may provide insight into their pathogenesis, including their potential for malignant transformation. Such information may be useful in improving the understanding and management of these lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R K Dasu
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77550, USA.
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Suzuki I, Motokawa T. In Situ Hybridization: An Informative Technique for Pigment Cell Researchers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 17:10-4. [PMID: 14717840 DOI: 10.1046/j.1600-0749.2003.00112.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Many cellular events are regulated at the transcriptional level. Recent technical advances such as DNA microarray have made it possible to determine mRNA profiles of cultured cells or tissues. However, since it is still impossible to completely simulate the in vivo environment in culture conditions, mRNA profiles of cultured cells are not perfect representatives of original cells. Furthermore, for cells that exist at lower densities, mRNA profiling using tissue samples would be difficult. By using tissue in situ hybridization, mRNA levels of genes in tissues can be determined at cellular resolution. Although throughput of tissue in situ hybridization is not high enough for mRNA profiling, it may be sufficient to investigate temporal/spatial expression profiles of genes that are known to be important or found to be interesting in high-throughput transcriptome/proteome analyses. Recent technical advances have made it easier for everybody to perform tissue in situ hybridization using normal experimental instruments with sufficient sensitivity to detect most genes. Although this technique has been utilized mainly in developmental biology, it will be fully advantageous when combined with high-throughput comprehensive transcriptome/proteome analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itaru Suzuki
- POLA Chemical Industries, Inc., Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Japan.
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Weeraratna AT. Serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE): advances, analysis and applications to pigment cell research. PIGMENT CELL RESEARCH 2003; 16:183-9. [PMID: 12753384 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0749.2003.00042.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
As cells progress from normal to diseased states, they may undergo a series of gene expression changes. Advances in molecular biology allow us to examine a host of these changes at once, in a high throughput fashion. Serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) allows for the expression profiling of the complete transcriptome of a given cell, and has the potential for identifying novel genes as well as those in low abundance. In this review, we will outline the technique, how one analyzes the massive amounts of data generated, and describe pigment cell libraries currently in the making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashani T Weeraratna
- Cancer Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Loftus SK, Larson DM, Baxter LL, Antonellis A, Chen Y, Wu X, Jiang Y, Bittner M, Hammer JA, Pavan WJ. Mutation of melanosome protein RAB38 in chocolate mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002; 99:4471-6. [PMID: 11917121 PMCID: PMC123672 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.072087599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations of genes needed for melanocyte function can result in oculocutaneous albinism. Examination of similarities in human gene expression patterns by using microarray analysis reveals that RAB38, a small GTP binding protein, demonstrates a similar expression profile to melanocytic genes. Comparative genomic analysis localizes human RAB38 to the mouse chocolate (cht) locus. A G146T mutation occurs in the conserved GTP binding domain of RAB38 in cht mice. Rab38(cht)/Rab38(cht) mice exhibit a brown coat similar in color to mice with a mutation in tyrosinase-related protein 1 (Tyrp1), a mouse model for oculocutaneous albinism. The targeting of TYRP1 protein to the melanosome is impaired in Rab38(cht)/Rab38(cht) melanocytes. These observations, and the fact that green fluorescent protein-tagged RAB38 colocalizes with end-stage melanosomes in wild-type melanocytes, suggest that RAB38 plays a role in the sorting of TYRP1. This study demonstrates the utility of expression profile analysis to identify mammalian disease genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacie K Loftus
- Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Valéry C, Grob JJ, Verrando P. Identification by cDNA microarray technology of genes modulated by artificial ultraviolet radiation in normal human melanocytes: relation to melanocarcinogenesis. J Invest Dermatol 2001; 117:1471-82. [PMID: 11886511 DOI: 10.1046/j.0022-202x.2001.01607.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Target genes of ultraviolet stress response in cutaneous melanocytes, potentially associated with solar-induced melanocarcinogenesis, were characterized by cDNA microarray technology. In cultured normal human melanocytes, 198 genes out of approximately 9000 arrayed were found modulated > or = 1.9 times following artificial ultraviolet minus sign mainly ultraviolet-B minus sign irradiation (100 mJ per cm(2)). Among them, 159 corresponded to known sequences, the encoded proteins being mostly involved in DNA or RNA binding/synthesis/modification, or ribosomal proteins. The others were transcription factors, receptors, tumor suppressors, and (proto)oncogenes. Members of these families have already been linked to melanoma. In addition, some of the modulated genes were borne by chromosomes harboring candidate melanoma loci. Comparisons with genes modified in melanoma samples reported in previous studies with similar microarray platform showed that 59% of the known genes sensitive to ultraviolet were modulated in the same way. Furthermore, 39 expressed sequence tags were modulated, and preliminary experiments showed that two expressed sequence tags displayed differential expressions both in melanoma cell lines and in melanoma tumors. These results provide a basis for further studies on the role of modulated genes in ultraviolet-induced melanoma. Because some of these genes are potential markers of the disease, they might help for developing new molecular-based strategies for risk prediction in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Valéry
- Laboratoire d'Investigation des Maladies de la Peau, LIMP -- Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
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Potterf SB, Mollaaghababa R, Hou L, Southard-Smith EM, Hornyak TJ, Arnheiter H, Pavan WJ. Analysis of SOX10 function in neural crest-derived melanocyte development: SOX10-dependent transcriptional control of dopachrome tautomerase. Dev Biol 2001; 237:245-57. [PMID: 11543611 DOI: 10.1006/dbio.2001.0372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
SOX10 is a high-mobility-group transcription factor that plays a critical role in the development of neural crest-derived melanocytes. At E11.5, mouse embryos homozygous for the Sox10(Dom) mutation entirely lack neural crest-derived cells expressing the lineage marker KIT, MITF, or DCT. Moreover, neural crest cell cultures derived from homozygous embryos do not give rise to pigmented cells. In contrast, in Sox10(Dom) heterozygous embryos, melanoblasts expressing KIT and MITF do occur, albeit in reduced numbers, and pigmented cells eventually develop in nearly normal numbers both in culture and in vivo. Intriguingly, however, Sox10(Dom)/+ melanoblasts transiently lack Dct expression both in culture and in vivo, suggesting that during a critical developmental period SOX10 may serve as a transcriptional activator of Dct. Indeed, we found that SOX10 and DCT colocalized in early melanoblasts and that SOX10 is capable of transactivating the Dct promoter in vitro. Our data suggest that during early melanoblast development SOX10 acts as a critical transactivator of Dct, that MITF, on its own, is insufficient to stimulate Dct expression, and that delayed onset of Dct expression is not deleterious to the melanocyte lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Potterf
- Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Dunn KJ, Incao A, Watkins-Chow D, Li Y, Pavan WJ. In utero complementation of a neural crest-derived melanocyte defect using cell directed gene transfer. Genesis 2001; 30:70-6. [PMID: 11416866 DOI: 10.1002/gene.1035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study describes an in utero approach for overexpressing genes in a cell-type directed manner. It uses an avian leukosis retroviral expression system coupled with a transgenic mouse line expressing the viral receptor tv-a from a tissue-specific promoter (RCAS-TVA system) (Federspiel et al., 1994, and reviewed in Fisher et al., 1999). A transgenic mouse line was generated expressing tv-a from the Dopachrome tautomerase promoter (DCT-tv-a) in embryonic melanocyte precursors (melanoblasts). RCAS virus encoding beta-galactosidase (RCAS-LacZ) or tyrosinase (RCAS-Tyr) was injected in utero into embryonic day 12.5 albino (tyrosinase inactive) mouse embryos. Animals were analyzed for beta-galactosidase activity or tyrosinase activity (hair pigmentation). RCAS gene expression was detected in 44% and 25% of the transgenic mice, respectively. We demonstrate the RCAS-TVA system coupled with the DCT-tv-a line of mice can be used for in utero infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Dunn
- Mouse Embryology Section, Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4472, USA
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