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Demirçelik Y, Üzüm Ö, Eliaçik K, Kanik A, Bolat N, Elmali F, Demircan T, Güven B, Gündeş B, Helvaci M. Bodily sensations and quality of life in adolescents with non-cardiac chest pain: a comparative study for the undetermined part of a frequent health problem. Minerva Pediatr (Torino) 2024; 76:299-307. [PMID: 38842377 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5276.21.06045-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chest pain in adolescents represents a considerable burden for health services and is rarely associated with cardiac disease. Since chest pain could be related to psychosocial factors there is a need for exploring the relationships among stressful situations, drug consumption, suicidal behaviors, accompanying bodily symptoms and health-related quality of life in adolescents with non-cardiac chest pain. METHODS In this study, we assessed these determinants in 108 adolescents with non-cardiac chest pain (NCCP) and a control group of 77 patients using a structured interview applied to the patients presented to the cardiology outpatient clinics of Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Türkiye, between 30 October 2018 and 30 June 2019. After the interview, the adolescents were given a self-administered pediatric quality of life inventory and the body sensations questionnaire for assessing aspects of fear. RESULTS Adolescents with NCCP expressed more panic associated bodily symptoms and reported worse subjective physical, academic, and emotional functioning in addition to more suicidal ideation. CONCLUSIONS NCCP could be accepted as a warning sign of an underlying psychosocial problem and requires a more interdisciplinary collaborative care by pediatricians, psychologists, and psychiatrists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yavuz Demirçelik
- Department of Pediatrics, İzmir Tepecik Teaching and Research Hospital, İzmir, Türkiye -
| | - Özlem Üzüm
- Department of Pediatrics, İzmir Tepecik Teaching and Research Hospital, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Kayı Eliaçik
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, İzmir Tepecik Teaching and Research Hospital, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Ali Kanik
- Department of Pediatrics, İzmir Katip Çelebi University School of Medicine, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Nurullah Bolat
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University School of Medicine, Çanakkale, Türkiye
| | - Ferhan Elmali
- Department of Biostatistics, İzmir Katip Çelebi University School of Medicine, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Tülay Demircan
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, İzmir Tepecik Teaching and Research Hospital, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Barış Güven
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, İzmir Tepecik Teaching and Research Hospital, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Berna Gündeş
- Department of Family Medicine, İzmir Tepecik Teaching and Research Hospital, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Helvaci
- Department of Pediatrics, İzmir Tepecik Teaching and Research Hospital, İzmir, Türkiye
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Nowakowska I, Jelonkiewicz I. The Mediational Role of Future and Past Time Perspectives in the Relationship Between Negative Affectivity and Sense of Coherence. Psychol Rep 2022:332941221144607. [PMID: 36476093 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221144607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Sense of coherence (SoC) can promote positive coping, and one of its most prominent negative correlates is negative affectivity (NA). In the current study, we hypothesized that future and past time perspectives (TPs) will mediate the relationship between sense of coherence and negative affectivity, and the inverse relationship. The study was questionnaire-based, performed online. N = 719 participants aged 25-45 from the general Polish population took part. On the correlation level, NA was negatively related to future and past positive TPs, and positively to past negative TP. Future and past positive TPs were positively related to SoC, whereas the past negative TP was related negatively to SoC. Future and past TPs partially mediated the effect of NA on SoC. The indirect effect was the strongest for past negative TP and very weak for future and past positive TPs. The full model accounted for 52.9% of variance in SoC. Only past negative TP mediated the relationship between SoC and NA. The full model accounted for 29.8% of variance in NA. The results may serve as an inspiration to integrate time perspective aspects within the salutogenic approaches to understanding human behavior and psychological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Nowakowska
- The Maria Grzegorzewska University, Institute of Psychology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Irena Jelonkiewicz
- The Maria Grzegorzewska University, Institute of Psychology, Warsaw, Poland
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3
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Orozco A, Cardoner N, Aragón CF, Ruiz-Murugarren S, Vicens M, Álvarez-Mon MÁ, Lahera G. Obsessive-compulsive symptoms in anxiety and depressive disorders: Influence of recent and/or traumatic life events. REVISTA DE PSIQUIATRIA Y SALUD MENTAL 2021; 14:218-226. [PMID: 34861930 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsmen.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A high prevalence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCSs) in anxiety-depressive disorders ranging from 30 to 67% has been described. OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess the presence and persistence of OCSs in an outpatient sample of subjects with anxiety and depressive disorders, as well as its relationship with recent life events (RLEs) and/or traumatic experiences (TEs). METHOD We conducted a prospective, observational, analytical study of 200 subjects with DSM-5 diagnoses of anxiety and/or depression. Participants were included by consecutive sampling and were evaluated at baseline and after 6-12 months (mean 8.5 months) of follow-up. The severity of the symptoms was assessed through the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HARS) and Hamilton Scale for the evaluation of depression (HRSD-17), and comorbidity was assessed through the International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). The Revised Inventory of Obsessions and Compulsions (OCI-R), the Recent Vital Changes Questionnaire (CVSV), and the Diagnostic Scale for Post-Traumatic Stress (PDS) were also administered. RESULTS 54% of the sample presented OCSs, and 30.5% presented one or more TEs throughout life. At the baseline visit, the presence of OCSs was associated with the severity of depressive symptoms (p=0.028), the presence of TEs (p<0.01), symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (p<0.01) and the number of RLEs (p<0.01). Response rate at follow-up was 38%, and persistence of OCSs was found in 60.5% of patients, independent of depressive or anxious symptoms, but was associated with the number of RLEs (p<0.01). CONCLUSION The presence of OCSs in patients with anxiety and depressive disorders is frequent and persistent. Anxious-depressive patients with a history of TEs and RLEs had higher OCS levels. These findings highlight the importance of early detection and the use of therapeutic strategies focused on resilience to stress and trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arantxa Orozco
- Príncipe de Asturias University Hospital, Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Narcís Cardoner
- Hospital Universitario Parc Taulí Sabadell, Barcelone, Spain
| | | | | | - María Vicens
- Príncipe de Asturias University Hospital, Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Álvarez-Mon
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Infanta Leonor Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Lahera
- Príncipe de Asturias University Hospital, Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
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4
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Rantanen J, Lyyra P, Feldt T, Villi M, Parviainen T. Intensified Job Demands and Cognitive Stress Symptoms: The Moderator Role of Individual Characteristics. Front Psychol 2021; 12:607172. [PMID: 33967885 PMCID: PMC8100594 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.607172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensified job demands (IJDs) originate in the general accelerated pace of society and ever-changing working conditions, which subject workers to increasing workloads and deadlines, constant planning and decision-making about one’s job and career, and the continual learning of new professional knowledge and skills. This study investigated how individual characteristics, namely negative and positive affectivity related to competence demands, and multitasking preference moderate the association between IJDs and cognitive stress symptoms among media workers (n = 833; 69% female, mean age 48 years). The results show that although IJDs were associated with higher cognitive stress symptoms at work, that is, difficulties in concentration, thinking clearly, decision-making, and memory, competence demands-related negative affectivity explained the most variance in cognitive stress symptoms. In addition, IJDs were more strongly associated with cognitive stress symptoms at work in individuals with high competence demand-related negative affectivity, and low multitasking preference (moderation effects). Altogether, the present findings suggest that HR practices or workplace interventions to ease employees’ negative affectivity from increasing competence demands at work could usefully support employees’ effective cognitive functioning when confronted with IJDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Rantanen
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Pessi Lyyra
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Taru Feldt
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Mikko Villi
- Department of Language and Communication Studies, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tiina Parviainen
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Orozco A, Cardoner N, Aragón CF, Ruiz-Murugarren S, Vicens M, Álvarez-Mon MÁ, Lahera G. Obsessive-compulsive symptoms in anxiety and depressive disorders: Influence of recent and/or traumatic life events. REVISTA DE PSIQUIATRIA Y SALUD MENTAL 2020; 14:S1888-9891(20)30129-4. [PMID: 33359119 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpsm.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A high prevalence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCSs) in anxiety-depressive disorders ranging from 30 to 67% has been described. OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess the presence and persistence of OCSs in an outpatient sample of subjects with anxiety and depressive disorders, as well as its relationship with recent life events (RLEs) and/or traumatic experiences (TEs). METHOD We conducted a prospective, observational, analytical study of 200 subjects with DSM-5 diagnoses of anxiety and/or depression. Participants were included by consecutive sampling and were evaluated at baseline and after 6-12 months (mean 8.5 months) of follow-up. The severity of the symptoms was assessed through the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HARS) and Hamilton Scale for the evaluation of depression (HRSD-17), and comorbidity was assessed through the International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). The Revised Inventory of Obsessions and Compulsions (OCI-R), the Recent Vital Changes Questionnaire (CVSV), and the Diagnostic Scale for Post-Traumatic Stress (PDS) were also administered. RESULTS 54% of the sample presented OCSs, and 30.5% presented one or more TEs throughout life. At the baseline visit, the presence of OCSs was associated with the severity of depressive symptoms (p=0.028), the presence of TEs (p<0.01), symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (p<0.01) and the number of RLEs (p<0.01). Response rate at follow-up was 38%, and persistence of OCSs was found in 60.5% of patients, independent of depressive or anxious symptoms, but was associated with the number of RLEs (p<0.01). CONCLUSION The presence of OCSs in patients with anxiety and depressive disorders is frequent and persistent. Anxious-depressive patients with a history of TEs and RLEs had higher OCS levels. These findings highlight the importance of early detection and the use of therapeutic strategies focused on resilience to stress and trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arantxa Orozco
- Príncipe de Asturias University Hospital, Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Narcís Cardoner
- Hospital Universitario Parc Taulí Sabadell, Barcelone, Spain
| | | | | | - María Vicens
- Príncipe de Asturias University Hospital, Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Álvarez-Mon
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Infanta Leonor Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Lahera
- Príncipe de Asturias University Hospital, Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
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6
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You W, Rühli FJ, Henneberg RJ, Henneberg M. Greater family size is associated with less cancer risk: an ecological analysis of 178 countries. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:924. [PMID: 30257658 PMCID: PMC6156945 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4837-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Greater family size measured with total fertility rate (TFR) and with household size, may offer more life satisfaction to the family members. Positive psychological well-being has been postulated to decrease cancer initiation risk. This ecological study aims to examine the worldwide correlation between family size, used as the measure of positive psychological well-being, and total cancer incidence rates. METHODS Country specific estimates obtained from United Nations agencies on total cancer incidence rates (total, female and male rates in age range 0-49 years and all ages respectively), all ages site cancer incidence (bladder, breast, cervix uteri, colorectum, corpus uteri, lung, ovary and stomach), TFR, household size, life expectancy, urbanization, per capita GDP PPP and self-calculated Biological State Index (Ibs) were matched for data analysis. Pearson's, non-parametric Spearman's, partial correlations, independent T-test and multivariate regressions were conducted in SPSS. RESULTS Worldwide, TFR and household size were significantly and negatively correlated to all the cancer incidence variables. These correlations remained significant in partial correlation analysis when GDP, life expectancy, Ibs and urbanization were controlled for. TFR correlated to male cancer incidence rate (all ages) significantly stronger than it did to female cancer incidence rate (all ages) in both Pearson's and partial correlations. Multivariate stepwise regression analysis indicated that TFR and household size were consistently significant predictors of all cancer incidence variables. CONCLUSIONS Countries with greater family size have lower cancer risk in both females, and especially males. Our results seem to suggest that it may be worthwhile further examining correlations between family size and cancer risk in males and females through the cohort and case-control studies based on large samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng You
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
| | - Frank J Rühli
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Renata J Henneberg
- Biological Anthropology and Comparative Anatomy Unit, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Maciej Henneberg
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Merritt S, Huber K, Bartkoski T. Application of signature strengths at work: A dual-level analysis. JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2018.1519589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Merritt
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri – St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kelli Huber
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri – St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Timothy Bartkoski
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri – St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Butjosa A, Gómez-Benito J, Myin-Germeys I, Barajas A, Baños I, Usall J, Grau N, Granell L, Sola A, Carlson J, Dolz M, Sánchez B, Haro JM, Ochoa S. Development and validation of the Questionnaire of Stressful Life Events (QSLE). J Psychiatr Res 2017; 95:213-223. [PMID: 28886449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Stressful life events (SLEs) are important indicators prior to the onset of first-episode psychosis (FEP). Although there are well-validated interviews and self-reports for assessing SLE on proximate events, unfortunately there are no instruments to assess SLE covering an entire lifetime. This study includes detailed specific items of childhood, adolescence, and adulthood focused on the presence of SLE, emotional impact (stressfulness), and the age at which the event occurred. Our research describes 2 studies designed to develop and validate a new scale to assess SLE: the Questionnaire of Stressful Life Events (QSLE). In Study 1, an over-inclusive item pool was generated based on review of group of experts at Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu and content validity was examined by an Expert Survey. The whole scale represents the content domain. In Study 2, item-level analyses revealed good distributional properties, intra-rater reliability, and convergent and discriminant validity. In the sensitivity and specificity analysis, 18 items had high relevance in the discriminability between patients with FEP and healthy controls. We note that there was an AUC of 0.676, indicating a good predictor. Using 7 as a cutoff to predict an individual as a patient would yield a sensitivity of 64.8% and a specificity of 65%. Overall, the QSLE displayed satisfactory psychometric characteristics in a Spanish population. These results suggest that QSLE gives us the opportunity to investigate childhood, adolescent, and adult life events by measuring the stress and age at the moment on a continuous scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Butjosa
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain; Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain; Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Juana Gómez-Benito
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Instituto de Neurociencias (UB Neuro), Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inez Myin-Germeys
- Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ana Barajas
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain; Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain; Hospital Infanto-juvenil Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Higiene Mental de Les Corts, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iris Baños
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain; Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judith Usall
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Norma Grau
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Granell
- Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Sola
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Janina Carlson
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain; Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Dolz
- Hospital Infanto-juvenil Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bernardo Sánchez
- Hospital Infanto-juvenil Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Susana Ochoa
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain.
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Jovicic M, Maric NP, Soldatovic I, Lukic I, Andric S, Mihaljevic M, Pavlovic Z, Mitic M, Adzic M. The role of glucocorticoid receptor phosphorylation in the model of negative affective states. World J Biol Psychiatry 2016; 16:301-11. [PMID: 25747256 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2014.1000375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop a structural equation model of negative affectivity (NA) that involves interaction of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling, personality dimensions and recent stressful life events. METHODS Seventy participants - 35 diagnosed with major depression and 35 healthy controls, were enrolled in the study. Morning plasma cortisol levels were determined by chemiluminescent immunometric assays. Molecular parameters (total nuclear and cytoplasmatic GR, nuclear GR phosphorylated at serine 211 (pGR-211) and at serine 226 (pGR-226) and cytoplasmic FKBP51) were analysed from peripheral blood lymphocytes by Western blot. NA, personality dimensions and stressful life events were assessed by self-report instruments. RESULTS GR signalling parameters had direct independent effect on measures of NA, with pGR-226 levels showing the strongest correlation, followed by FKBP51 and pGR-211 levels. Neuroticism and extraversion also demonstrated strong independent effect on NA, while recent stressful events did not predict NA directly, but demonstrated a significant effect on personality dimensions. Cortisol, total nuclear GR and total cytoplasmatic GR levels were excluded from the model due to non-significant correlations with NA. CONCLUSIONS Negative affectivity is a transdiagnostic factor in vulnerability to affective disorders and possible therapeutic target. Molecular signature of negative affectivity should incorporate GR phosphorylation with other known biological underpinnings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Jovicic
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
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10
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Adolescent internalizing symptoms and negative life events: the sensitizing effects of earlier life stress and cortisol. Dev Psychopathol 2015; 26:1411-22. [PMID: 25422970 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579414001114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although adolescence is marked by increased negative life events and internalizing problems, few studies investigate this association as an ongoing longitudinal process. Moreover, while there are considerable individual differences in the degree to which these phenomena are linked, little is known about the origins of these differences. The present study examines early life stress (ELS) exposure and early-adolescent longitudinal afternoon cortisol level as predictors of the covariation between internalizing symptoms and negative life events across high school. ELS was assessed by maternal report during infancy, and the measure of cortisol was derived from assessments at ages 11, 13, and 15 years. Life events and internalizing symptoms were assessed at ages 15, 17, and 18 years. A two-level hierarchical linear model revealed that ELS and cortisol were independent predictors of the covariation of internalizing symptoms and negative life events. Compared to those with lower levels of ELS, ELS-exposed adolescents displayed tighter covariation between internalizing symptoms and negative life events. Adolescents with lower longitudinal afternoon cortisol displayed tighter covariation between negative life events and internalizing symptoms, while those with higher cortisol demonstrated weaker covariation, partially due to increased levels of internalizing symptoms when faced with fewer negative life events.
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11
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Tak LM, Kingma EM, van Ockenburg SL, Ormel J, Rosmalen JGM. Age- and sex-specific associations between adverse life events and functional bodily symptoms in the general population. J Psychosom Res 2015; 79:112-6. [PMID: 26052060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test age- and sex-specific associations between adverse life events and functional bodily symptoms (FBS) in the general population. METHODS In a population-based cohort, 964 participants (mean age 55 years SD 11, 48% male) completed two measurements waves of the present study. Lifetime exposure to 12 adverse life events was assessed through a modified version of the List of Threatening Experiences. Stress-sensitive personality was assessed with the 12-item neuroticism scale of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised. Socio-economic status was retrieved from questionnaires. Participants completed the somatization section of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview to survey the presence of 42 FBS in the previous year. RESULTS Regression analyses, adjusted for age, revealed that lifetime scores of adverse life events were significantly associated with FBS in the previous year, an association that was nearly identical for females (beta=0.18, t=4.07, p<0.01) and males (beta=0.19, t=4.24, p<0.01). This association remained statistically significant when stress-sensitive personality and socio-economic status were added to the model. Associations between adverse life events during childhood and FBS were statistically significant in females (beta=0.13, t=2.90, p=0.04) but not in males (beta=0.06, t=1.24, p=0.22), whereas there was a stronger association with adverse life events during adulthood in males (beta=0.20, t=4.37, p<0.01) compared to females (beta=0.15, t=3.38, p=0.01). Life events in the previous year were not associated with FBS in the previous year. CONCLUSION Adverse life events during lifetime were associated with FBS in the previous year. This association was dependent on age and sex but largely independent of having a stress-sensitive personality or low socio-economic status. Future studies could adopt a life course perspective to study the role of adverse life events in FBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lineke M Tak
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation, Groningen, The Netherlands; Dimence, Institute for Mental Health Care, Deventer, The Netherlands.
| | - Eva M Kingma
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Sonja L van Ockenburg
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Johan Ormel
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Judith G M Rosmalen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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12
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Ruttle PL, Serbin LA, Martin-Storey A, Stack DM, Schwartzman AE. Longitudinal associations between infections and atopic disorders across childhood and dysregulated adrenocortical functioning in early adolescence. Dev Psychobiol 2013; 56:897-907. [PMID: 24037638 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The present study sought to determine if exposure to common childhood medical problems (i.e., infections and atopic disorders [e.g., allergies, asthma]) may dysregulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Longitudinal data from 96 youth were used to examine this possibility. Medical records were drawn from government databases indicating the frequency of visits to healthcare facilities for infections and atopic disorders from infancy to early adolescence. During early adolescence, participants provided salivary cortisol samples from awakening until bedtime over 2 consecutive days. Individuals with a history of increased number visits for infections across childhood displayed elevated levels of cortisol at awakening whereas individuals with childhood histories of visits for atopic disorders displayed blunted diurnal cortisol slopes. These findings build on previous research documenting associations between infections and atopic disorders and cortisol by identifying longitudinal linkages from early health problems to later HPA axis functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula L Ruttle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 6001 Research Park Boulevard, Madison, WI, 53719-1176
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Young-Wolff KC, Kendler KS, Prescott CA. Interactive effects of childhood maltreatment and recent stressful life events on alcohol consumption in adulthood. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2012; 73:559-69. [PMID: 22630794 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2012.73.559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Childhood maltreatment is associated with early alcohol use initiation, alcohol-related problem behaviors, and alcohol use disorders in adulthood. Heavy drinking risk among individuals exposed to childhood maltreatment could be partly attributable to stress sensitization, whereby early adversity leads to psychobiological changes that heighten sensitivity to subsequent stressors and increase risk for stress-related drinking. We addressed this issue by examining whether the association between past-year stressful life events and past-year drinking density, a weighted quantity-frequency measure of alcohol consumption, was stronger among adults exposed to childhood maltreatment. METHOD Drinking density, stressful life events, and child maltreatment were assessed using structured clinical interviews in a sample of 4,038 male and female participants ages 20-58 years from the Virginia Adult Twin Study of Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders. Stress sensitization was examined using hierarchical multiple regression analyses to test whether stressful events moderated the association between maltreatment and drinking density. Analyses were stratified by sex and whether the impact was different for independent stressful events or dependent stressful events as related to a participant's actions. RESULTS Independent stressful events were associated with heavier drinking density among women exposed to maltreatment. In contrast, drinking density was roughly the same across independent stressful life events exposure among women not exposed to maltreatment. There was little evidence for Maltreatment × Independent Stressor interactions in men or Maltreatment × Dependent Stressor interactions in either gender. CONCLUSIONS Early maltreatment may have direct effects on vulnerability to stress-related drinking among women, particularly in association with stressors that are out of one's control.
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Luhmann M, Lucas RE, Eid M, Diener E. The Prospective Effect of Life Satisfaction on Life Events. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PERSONALITY SCIENCE 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/1948550612440105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maike Luhmann
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago , IL, USA
| | | | | | - Ed Diener
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana–Champaign, IL, USA
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King KM, Molina BSG, Chassin L. A State-Trait Model of Negative Life Event Occurrence in Adolescence: Predictors of Stability in the Occurrence of Stressors. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY 2008; 37:848-59. [DOI: 10.1080/15374410802359643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Cannon R, Lubar J, Baldwin D. Self-perception and Experiential Schemata in the Addicted Brain. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2008; 33:223-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s10484-008-9067-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2008] [Accepted: 09/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lu L, Chen CS. Correlates of coping behaviours: Internal and external resources. COUNSELLING PSYCHOLOGY QUARTERLY 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/09515079608258709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Theadom A, Cropley M, Humphrey KL. Exploring the role of sleep and coping in quality of life in fibromyalgia. J Psychosom Res 2007; 62:145-51. [PMID: 17270572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2006.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2006] [Revised: 09/19/2006] [Accepted: 09/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to explore the effect of sleep and coping on health-related quality of life in fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). METHODS Patients diagnosed with FMS (N=101) completed the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the COPE, and the Medical Outcomes Study--Short-Form Health Survey for the previous month. RESULTS Poor sleep quality was reported by 99% of participants. Sleep quality was significantly predictive of pain, fatigue, and social functioning in patients with FMS. Active coping, planning, acceptance, and seeking instrumental and emotional social support were not predictive of health outcomes in FMS. However, the use of restraint coping was predictive of poorer physical functioning. CONCLUSION Sleep quality has significant implications for health-related quality of life in FMS. The use of coping strategies contributed little to the models' ability to predict health outcomes in FMS. Interventions designed to improve sleep quality may help to improve health-related quality of life for patients with FMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Theadom
- Department of Clinical Health Psychology, Riverside Center, Hillingdon Hospital, Middlesex, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, School of Human Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
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Dohrenwend BP. Inventorying stressful life events as risk factors for psychopathology: Toward resolution of the problem of intracategory variability. Psychol Bull 2006; 132:477-95. [PMID: 16719570 PMCID: PMC1584216 DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.132.3.477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An explosion of research on life events has occurred since the publication of the Holmes and Rahe checklist in 1967. Despite criticism, especially of their use in research on psychopathology, such economical inventories have remained dominant. Most of the problems of reliability and validity with traditional inventories can be traced to the intracategory variability of actual events reported in their broad checklist categories. The purposes of this review are, first, to examine how this problem has been addressed within the tradition of economical checklist approaches; second, to determine how it has been dealt with by far less widely used and far less economical labor-intensive interview and narrative-rating approaches; and, third, to assess the prospects for relatively economical, as well as reliable and valid, solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce P Dohrenwend
- Department of Psychiatry and Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Cropley M, Steptoe A. Social support, life events and physical symptoms: A prospective study of chronic and recent life stress in men and women. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2005. [DOI: 10.1080/1354850500093365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Huebner DM, Nemeroff CJ, Davis MC. Do Hostility and Neuroticism Confound Associations Between Perceived Discrimination and Depressive Symptoms? JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2005. [DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2005.24.5.723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Terre L, Carlos Poston WS, Foreyt J, Jeor STS, Horrigan KL. Does family of origin functioning predict adult somatic complaints? Psychol Health 2004. [DOI: 10.1080/0887044042000196683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Klumb PL, Baltes MM. Adverse Life Events in Late Life: Their Manifestation and Management in Daily Life. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STRESS MANAGEMENT 2004. [DOI: 10.1037/1072-5245.11.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Fortunato VJ, Mincy MD. The Interactive Effects of Dispositional Affectivity, Sex, and a Positive Mood Induction on Student Evaluations of Teachers. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2003. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2003.tb02088.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Social support, health, and well-being among the elderly: what is the role of negative affectivity? PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0191-8869(02)00135-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Fortunato VJ, Williams KJ. The Moderating Effects of Dispositional Affectivity on Performance and Task Attitudes in a Goal-Setting Context1. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2002. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2002.tb01865.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
The 1980s and 1990s has seen a considerable change in the workforce structure in industrialised economies. Employees are commonly faced with greater demands and less job security, both of which are likely to be stressful, thus psychological disorders especially depression may increasingly be caused by work-related stressors. An issue of this journal in 1997 (Vol. 43, No. 1) was indeed devoted to stress in the workplace and since then, these workplace changes have progressed and a review seems timely. Because interpreting results of cross-sectional studies is limited by a potential reciprocal relation between work stressors and depression (since "effort after meaning" can influence how "distressed" individuals report stressors at work), this review largely focuses on prospective or predictive studies to minimise this bias. Not surprisingly, the findings from occupational stress research is consistent with the more general life event stress literature showing that specific acute work-related stressful experiences contribute to "depression" and, more importantly perhaps, that enduring "structural" occupational factors, which may differ according to occupation, can also contribute to psychological disorders. There are significant implications for employees, their families, employers and indeed the wider community.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tennant
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital, Block 4, level 5, St. Leonards, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia.
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Fortunato VJ, STONE-ROMERO EUGENEF. Positive Affectivity as a Moderator of the Objective-Task Characteristics/Perceived-Task Characteristics Relationship. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2001. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2001.tb02673.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Life stress is found to be related to headache frequency in some studies, but not others. Research designs that find a relationship between the two tend to evaluate young subjects and employ large sample sizes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between headache frequency and life stress, while considering gender and age differences that may be present in the relationship. In addition, as depression or presence of headache at the time of assessment may influence the report of headache frequency, an attempt to control for these factors was employed. Several self-report measures of headache symptomatology, headache presence, depression, and life stress were completed by 1289 subjects. Negative life event stress was found to be modestly but significantly related to headache frequency. The relationship between the 2 variables was stronger for women than for men and, after the influence of depression and headache state was removed, the relationship between life stress and headache frequency remained significant only for women. In the oldest 10% of the sample, there was no evidence of a relationship between negative life event stress and headache frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Reynolds
- Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0376, USA
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Nonevents and adult well-being. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0193-3973(99)80005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Stronks K, van de Mheen H, Looman CW, Mackenbach JP. The importance of psychosocial stressors for socio-economic inequalities in perceived health. Soc Sci Med 1998; 46:611-23. [PMID: 9460840 DOI: 10.1016/s0277-9536(97)00206-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The uneven distribution of psychosocial stressors as well as their differential health impact have been suggested as a possible explanation for socio-economic inequalities in health. We assessed the importance of both explanations, using data from the baseline of a Dutch longitudinal study. The outcome measure was the prevalence of perceived health problems. Educational level was used as an indicator of socio-economic status, whilst both life-events and long-term difficulties were included as stressors. We controlled for educational differences in neuroticism in order to eliminate any bias which might arise from the fact that people in lower educational groups are more inclined to report both stressors and health problems. The higher exposure to stressors was found to contribute to the increased risk of perceived health problems, even after differences in neuroticism were taken into account. Long-term difficulties, especially those related to material conditions, account for most of the effect. The impact of stress on health was hardly found to be moderated by educational level. The implications for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Stronks
- Dept. of Public Health, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Blaney NT, Goodkin K, Feaster D, Morgan R, Millon C, Szapocznik J, Eisdorfer C. A psychosocial model of distress over time in early hiv-1 infection: The role of life stressors, social support and coping. Psychol Health 1997. [DOI: 10.1080/08870449708407411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Cobb JM, Steptoe A. Psychosocial stress and susceptibility to upper respiratory tract illness in an adult population sample. Psychosom Med 1996; 58:404-12. [PMID: 8902892 DOI: 10.1097/00006842-199609000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the influence of life event stress and hassles, and the moderating effects of psychological coping style, social support, and family environment, on susceptibility to upper respiratory tract infectious illness. METHOD One hundred seven adults aged 18 to 65 years took part in a 15-week study. Measures of life event stress were obtained for the 12 months preceding the study and for the study period itself, and social support, information seeking and avoidant coping styles, and family environment were assessed. Hassles and perceived stress were measured weekly, whereas dysphoric mood and changes in personal health practices (smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise, and sleep patterns) were assessed at three weekly intervals. Episodes of upper respiratory tract infectious illness were verified by clinical examination. RESULTS During the study period, 29 individuals experienced at least one clinically verified episode of upper respiratory tract illness. There were no differences in cigarette smoking, sleep habits, or exercise between those who did and did not become ill but alcohol consumption was lower among those who experienced verified episodes. Risk of infectious illness was greater in those who experienced high life event stress both before and during the study period, but the impact of life events was buffered by an avoidant coping style. Strict family organization was associated with illness risk. The three weeks preceding illness onset were characterised by high levels of perceived stress, but also by a decrease in the number of hassles reported. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that under naturalistic conditions, the influence of stressful experience on risk of infectious illness is moderated by psychosocial resources. Variations in personal health practices do not seem to be responsible.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Cobb
- Department of Psychology, St. George's Hospital Medical School, University of London, UK
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Thase ME. The role of Axis II comorbidity in the management of patients with treatment-resistant depression. Psychiatr Clin North Am 1996; 19:287-309. [PMID: 8827191 DOI: 10.1016/s0193-953x(05)70289-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A significant proportion of antidepressant nonresponders have personality disorders. The relationship between antidepressant resistance and personality pathology is far from straightforward, however, and reflects a disproportionate "burden" of negative prognostic correlates, psychosocial risk factors, and problems that compromise effective therapeutic relationships. An important clinical ground rule is to avoid the reductionistic logical tautology that explains antidepressant failure as a consequence of personality disorder and, by implication, that the patient may deserve to suffer. In evaluating antidepressant-resistant patients, identification of pathologic personality traits or disorders may help provide important clues for future trials of both pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy, particularly in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Thase
- Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA
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Goldstein NB, Burke MJ, Sulzer JL. Note on the role of negative affectivity in understanding relationships between self-reports of exercise and sick leave. Percept Mot Skills 1995; 80:339-46. [PMID: 7624216 DOI: 10.2466/pms.1995.80.1.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Previous research indicates that observed correlations between self-reports of job stress and self-reports of strain may be reduced after partialling out the variance due to the personality trait of negative affectivity. The present study examined the effect of negative affectivity on the relationships between self-reports of exercise and strain in a sample of 128 governmental employees. While the magnitudes of the bivariate correlations between exercise and strain were small, the results of semipartial correlation analyses were somewhat consistent with expectations that the magnitudes of bivariate correlations between exercise participation and self-reports of strain would be reduced after controlling for negative affectivity in measures of strain. The implications of these findings for incorporating a measure of negative affectivity in studies of exercise-strain relationships involving self-reports are discussed.
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Johnson JG, Bornstein RF. Does Daily Stress Independently Predict Psychopathology? JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 1991. [DOI: 10.1521/jscp.1991.10.1.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
A stress-support model incorporating indicators of life events, social support and SCL-90 measures of psychological distress was hypothesized to affect both reported and objective (somnographic) sleep. To determine the effects of these antecedents on sleep among 69 mid-life women, two models were tested, using both partial correlations and path analysis. Of all the measures of life events and social support examined in this study only negative LEs and contacts with non-supportive persons were associated (positively) with psychological distress, differentially explaining between 9% and 19% of the variance in each of five SCL-90 subscales. Both negative life events and contacts with non-supportive persons influenced depression and the SCL-90 PST index, whereas only negative life events affected anxiety, phobic anxiety and paranoid ideation. Anxiety, depression and the PST index, as indicators of psychological distress, had direct inverse effects on reported sleep with significant adjusted R2 values ranging from 10% to 16%. The model did not hold for somnographic sleep. The factors which are likely to contribute to the absence of an observed relationship between psychological distress and somnographic sleep are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Paulsen
- Department of Physiological Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle 98195
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