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Cropley M, Da Silva IN, Rydstedt LW, Olsson MIT. A thematic analysis of how men and women post 56 years, unwind from work during their free time. Work 2024:WOR230406. [PMID: 38457171 DOI: 10.3233/wor-230406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent research indicates that as men age, their tendency to ruminate about work decreases, while ruminating remains high in women, which poses an increased risk for impaired health among older women. OBJECTIVE This study explored gender differences/similarities in the process of unwinding from work in men and women aged between 56-65 years. METHODS Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted online with eight men and eight women, recruited from a UK leading organization that provides health care solutions between May and June 2022. Participants were asked about their job role and responsibilities, their leisure time activities, how they unwind post work, and their experiences of thinking about work related thoughts outside of work. Transcripts were analyzed using an inductive analysis. RESULTS Three superordinate themes were identified that underpinned their ability to unwind: 'Work style', 'Creating work-life balance' and 'Switching off from one's responsibilities'. Women reported a more perfectionist approach, they set high standards for themselves, were worried about making mistakes, and demonstrated, if in a supervisory role, a more nurturing and holistic approach to their colleagues/subordinates, while men, were more focused on task completion. Most women, but not men, also described difficulties in psychologically switching off from work, and stated they could only truly relax outside the home, when they are away from household activities. CONCLUSION The study provides nuanced insights into the experiences of unwinding from work, and the findings suggest the need for person-centric approaches in developing interventions to help workers over 56 years to psychologically disengage from work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Cropley
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
| | | | - Leif W Rydstedt
- Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, HHS, Department of Psychology, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Maria I T Olsson
- Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, HHS, Department of Psychology, Lillehammer, Norway
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Vassou C, Chrysohoou C, Georgousopoulou EN, Yannakoulia M, Pitsavos C, Cropley M, Panagiotakos DB. Cognitive vulnerability, anxiety, and physical well-being in relation to 10-year cardiovascular disease risk: The ATTICA epidemiological study. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2024; 16:60-79. [PMID: 37435922 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the association between irrational beliefs and the 10-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence among apparently healthy adults. The ATTICA study is a population-based, prospective cohort (2002-2012) consisting of 853 participants without evidence of CVD (453 men and 400 women) who underwent psychological evaluations. Participants completed the Irrational Beliefs Inventory (IBI, range 0-88), a self-reported measure consistent with the Ellis model of psychological disturbance. We conducted a factor analysis to develop irrational beliefs factors to evaluate the association between subcategories of irrational beliefs and CVD incidence. Demographic characteristics, detailed medical history, other psychological factors, and dietary and other lifestyle habits were also evaluated. The incidence of CVD was defined according to the International Coding Diseases (ICD)-10 criteria. The identified dominant irrational beliefs factor, "cognitive vulnerability to anxiety," consisted of demandingness, perfectionism, emotional irresponsibility, anxious overconcern, dependence on others, and overconcern for the welfare of others, was strongly associated with an increased 10-year CVD risk. Nested multi-adjusted regression analysis revealed that anxiety, as well as negative physical well-being, mediated this relationship, and subset of irrational beliefs predicted CVD risk directly and indirectly through anxiety and negative physical well-being. These findings further map the path through which irrational beliefs can contribute to CVDs and provide insights in favor of preventive healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Vassou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Chrysohoou
- First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ekavi N Georgousopoulou
- School of Medicine Sydney, University of Notre Dame, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Mary Yannakoulia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Pitsavos
- First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Mark Cropley
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Demosthenes B Panagiotakos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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Vassou C, Yannakoulia M, Cropley M, Panagiotakos DB. Psychological interventions aiming for changing dietary habits in patients with cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hum Nutr Diet 2023; 36:1193-1206. [PMID: 36727676 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet is a critical component of healthy lifestyle, especially in cardiac rehabilitation. Psychological interventions, as well as mix-treatment interventions, such as psychological components, appear promising approaches in the adoption and maintenance of a healthy diet in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Given the variety of clinical intervention programmes available, we aimed to determine whether psychological interventions and interventions that incorporate psychological components provide better lifestyle outcomes than traditional care, specifically targeting dietary outcomes, and what types of psychological or mix-treatment interventions are more likely to benefit patients with CVD. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed using MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, Cochrane Library and PsycINFO to identify interventional studies, published from 2012 to 2022, written in English, evaluating psychological and mix-treatment intervention programmes for dietary outcomes in patients with CVD. In total, 33 intervention studies (n = 5644 patients) were retrieved and analysed using fixed and random effects models. RESULTS No significant effect of the psychological intervention was observed regarding fruit and vegetable intake (Hedge's g = +1.06, p = 0.766), whereas a significant reduction was observed in alcoholic beverage consumption in the intervention group, as compared to the control group (Hedge's g = -7.33, p < 0.001). However, based on both our qualitative and quantitative analyses, psychological and mix-treatment interventions were more effective than traditional models in dietary modification. Also, the majority of effective interventions were psychological over mixed-treatment interventions. CONCLUSIONS Findings add to the growing evidence suggesting that specific psychological interventions may be effective approaches in dietary modification for patients with CVD, potentially forming part of public health agenda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Vassou
- School of Health Sciences and Education, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Mary Yannakoulia
- School of Health Sciences and Education, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Mark Cropley
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Demosthenes B Panagiotakos
- School of Health Sciences and Education, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
- Faculty of Health, Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers (CRIBB) Group, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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Vassou C, Tsiampalis T, Georgousopoulou EN, Chrysohoou C, Yannakoulia M, Pitsavos C, Cropley M, Panagiotakos DB. Association Between Family History of Diabetes, Irrational Beliefs, and Health Anxiety with 10-Year Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: the ATTICA Epidemiological Study (2002-2012). Int J Behav Med 2023:10.1007/s12529-023-10189-8. [PMID: 37322363 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-023-10189-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to examine the relationship between family history of diabetes, irrational beliefs, and health anxiety in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHOD ATTICA is a prospective, cohort study (2002-2012). The working sample included 845 participants (18-89 years), free of diabetes at baseline. Α detailed biochemical, clinical, and lifestyle evaluation was performed, while participants' irrational beliefs and health anxiety were assessed through the Irrational Beliefs Inventory and the Whiteley index scale, respectively. We evaluated the association between the participants' family history of diabetes mellitus with the 10-year risk of diabetes mellitus, both in the total study's sample and separately according to their levels of health anxiety and irrational beliefs. RESULTS The crude 10-year risk of T2DM was 12.9% (95%CI: 10.4, 15.4), with 191 cases of T2DM. Family history of diabetes was associated with 2.5 times higher odds (2.53, 95%CI 1.71, 3.75) of T2DM compared to those without family history. Among participants with family history of diabetes, the highest likelihood of developing T2DM, regarding their tested psychological features (i.e., low/high irrational beliefs in the entire group, low/high health anxiety in the entire group, and low/high irrational beliefs, low/high healthy anxiety), had people with high irrational beliefs, low health anxiety (OR 3.70, 95%CI 1.83, 7.48). CONCLUSIONS The findings underline the important moderating role of irrational beliefs and health anxiety in the prevention of T2DM, among participants at increased risk of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Vassou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, 70 Eleftheriou Venizelou Ave., Kallithea, Athens, 176 76, Greece
| | - Thomas Tsiampalis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, 70 Eleftheriou Venizelou Ave., Kallithea, Athens, 176 76, Greece
| | | | - Christina Chrysohoou
- First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Mary Yannakoulia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, 70 Eleftheriou Venizelou Ave., Kallithea, Athens, 176 76, Greece
| | - Christos Pitsavos
- First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Mark Cropley
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Demosthenes B Panagiotakos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, 70 Eleftheriou Venizelou Ave., Kallithea, Athens, 176 76, Greece.
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia.
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Cropley M, Weidenstedt L, Leick B, Sütterlin S. Working from home during lockdown: the association between rest breaks and well-being. Ergonomics 2023; 66:443-453. [PMID: 35762878 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2022.2095038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
One of the challenges with working from home (WFH) is the question of its effect on health and well-being. The impact of home working on health has so far not been studied extensively. We address this gap by investigating the association between internal recovery, operationalised as rest break frequency (low, medium, and high) during the working day, on self-reported musculoskeletal pain, and post-work recovery symptoms in WFH knowledge workers (n = 382). The analysis showed that failing to take frequent breaks was associated with a dose-response increased risk of reporting headaches. For post-work recovery symptoms, failing to take rest breaks throughout the day was associated with an increased risk of reporting psychological fatigue, physical fatigue, and sleep problems, and a decreased risk of psychologically detaching from work and experiencing adequate rest. Our findings emphasise the importance of remote workers taking recovery breaks from work demands in the maintenance of health and well-being.Practitioner Summary: For the foreseeable future, many knowledge workers will be obliged to work from home for at least, some days of the week. It is therefore important for workers to learn to regulate their behaviour, and workers need to be educated about the value of taking regular rest breaks throughout the working day.Abbreviations: ICT: Information and communications technology; MSDs: musculoskeletal disorders; MSPs: Musculoskeletal pain symptoms; OR: Odds ratio; WFH: Working from home; WRRQ: Work-Related Rumination Questionnaire Questionnaire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Cropley
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Linda Weidenstedt
- The Ratio Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Sociology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Birgit Leick
- School of Business, University of South-Eastern Norway, Kongsberg, Norway
| | - Stefan Sütterlin
- Faculty of Health, Welfare and Organisation, Østfold University College, Halden, Norway
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Vassou C, Georgousopoulou EN, Yannakoulia M, Chrysohoou C, Papageorgiou C, Pitsavos C, Cropley M, Panagiotakos DB. Exploring the Role of Irrational Beliefs, Lifestyle Behaviors, and Educational Status in 10-Year Cardiovascular Disease Risk: the ATTICA Epidemiological Study. Int J Behav Med 2023; 30:279-288. [PMID: 35474416 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-022-10091-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irrational beliefs, maladaptive emotions, and unhealthy lifestyle behaviors can adversely affect health status. However, limited research has examined the association between irrational beliefs and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between irrational beliefs and the 10-year CVD incidence among apparently healthy adults, considering the potential moderating or mediating role of particular social and lifestyle factors. METHODS The ATTICA study is a population-based, prospective cohort (2002-2012), in which 853 participants without a history of CVD [453 men (aged 45 ± 13 years) and 400 women (aged 44 ± 18 years)] underwent psychological evaluations. Among other tools, participants completed the irrational beliefs inventory (IBI, range 0-88), a self-reported measure consistent with the Ellis model of psychological disturbance. Demographic characteristics, detailed medical history, dietary, and other lifestyle habits were also evaluated. Incidence of CVD (i.e., coronary heart disease, acute coronary syndromes, stroke, or other CVD) was defined according to the International Coding Diseases (ICD)-10 criteria. RESULTS Mean IBI score was 53 ± 2 in men and 53 ± 3 in women (p = 0.88). IBI score was positively associated with 10-year CVD risk (hazard ratio 1.07, 95%CI 1.04, 1.13), in both men and women, and more prominently among those with less healthy dietary habits and lower education status; specifically, higher educational status leads to lower IBI score, and in conjunction they lead to lower 10-year CVD risk (HR for interaction 0.98, 95%CI 0.97, 0.99). CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study underline the need to build new, holistic approaches in order to better understand the inter-relationships between irrational beliefs, lifestyle behaviors, social determinants, and CVD risk in individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Vassou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, 70 Eleftheriou Venizelou Ave, 176 76, Kallithea, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Mary Yannakoulia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, 70 Eleftheriou Venizelou Ave, 176 76, Kallithea, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Chrysohoou
- First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Christos Pitsavos
- First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Mark Cropley
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Demosthenes B Panagiotakos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, 70 Eleftheriou Venizelou Ave, 176 76, Kallithea, Athens, Greece.
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia.
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Schonfeld IS, Prytherch T, Cropley M, Bianchi R. The Pandemic Anxiety Inventory: A validation study. J Health Psychol 2023; 28:216-229. [PMID: 35787177 PMCID: PMC9982399 DOI: 10.1177/13591053221106129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Pandemic Anxiety Inventory (PAI) assesses anxiety symptoms individuals attribute to the presence of a pandemic. We conducted this study of 379 British adults during the COVID-19 pandemic and found that the PAI exhibited excellent reliability and solid criterion validity. Pandemic anxiety was associated with reduced social support, anticipated life changes, financial strain, job loss, economic insecurity, and the hospitalization or death of a close friend or relative. Using correlational and bifactor analyses, we found that the PAI demonstrated solid convergent and discriminant validity. The findings suggest that the PAI can be used in research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irvin Sam Schonfeld
- The City College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, USA
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Vassou C, Chrysohoou C, Skoumas J, Georgousopoulou EN, Yannakoulia M, Pitsavos C, Cropley M, Panagiotakos DB. Irrational beliefs, depression and anxiety, in relation to 10-year cardiovascular disease risk: the ATTICA Epidemiological Study. Anxiety Stress Coping 2023; 36:199-213. [PMID: 35388720 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2022.2062331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Various bio-psychosocial mechanisms underlying the link between anxiety, depression and cardiovascular disease risk, remain unknown. We investigated the role of irrational beliefs in conjunction with anxiety and depression in the 10-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence, and the effect of biochemical and socio-behavioral factors. DESIGN 853[453 men (45 ± 13 years) and 400 women (44 ± 18 years)] from the ATTICA study (2002-2012) and without evidence of CVD were assessed. METHODS The Irrational Beliefs Inventory (IBI), the Zung Self-Rating-Depression-Scale (ZDRS) and the State-Trait-Anxiety-Inventory (STAI) were used for the assessments. Incidence of CVD was defined according to the International Coding Diseases (ICD)-10 criteria. RESULTS Participants with high irrational beliefs and anxiety symptoms had a 138% greater risk of developing CVD during the 10-year follow-up (2.38; 95%CI 1.75, 3.23) as compared to those without anxiety. Among others, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and total antioxidant capacity were mediators in the tested association. Interaction of irrational beliefs and depression was not associated with the 10-year CVD in all models. CONCLUSIONS Inflammation and oxidative stress, partially explained the associations between irrational beliefs and anxiety in predicting CVD risk. These findings advance psychological research in the area of primary prevention of mental health and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Vassou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Chrysohoou
- First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - John Skoumas
- First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Mary Yannakoulia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Pitsavos
- First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Mark Cropley
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Demosthenes B Panagiotakos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.,Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperacusis can be defined as an intolerance of certain everyday sounds, which are perceived as too loud or uncomfortable and which cause significant distress and impairment in the individual's day-to-day activities. Misophonia is defined as a high magnitude of emotional and behavioral reaction to certain sounds produced by human beings, such as eating sounds and breathing sounds. Several psychometric instruments have been developed to assess symptoms and the impact of hyperacusis and misophonia; however, to the authors' knowledge, no study has evaluated and compared the methodological quality of the studies on psychometric properties of the existing instruments. PURPOSE This article systematically reviews the research studies assessing the psychometric properties of the instruments used for hyperacusis and misophonia and assesses the quality and appropriateness of the methodologies used. RESEARCH DESIGN Systematic review. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS A systematic literature search was performed using five electronic literature databases (PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, Google Scholar, and Web of Science). Studies were included if they were written in English and reported information about the psychometric properties of instruments measuring hyperacusis or misophonia symptoms or their impact. The quality of the studies and that of the psychometric instruments were evaluated using the consensus-based standards for the selection of health-measurement instruments (COSMIN) tool. RESULTS The title and abstracts of 916 articles were screened and 39 articles were selected for full-text evaluation, with 14 articles meeting the inclusion criteria. From these 14 articles, 8 different instruments (5 for hyperacusis and 3 for misophonia) were identified and reviewed comprising: (1) Hyperacusis Questionnaire (HQ), (2) Inventory of Hyperacusis Symptoms, (3) questionnaire on hypersensitivity to sound, (4) Hyperacusis Handicap Questionnaire, (5) short HQ, (6) Amsterdam Misophonia Scale, (7) MisoQuest, and (8) the Misophonia Questionnaire. CONCLUSION None of the papers reviewed reported all the information required to meet the COSMIN standards. The studies' methodological quality varied between "very good" and "inadequate" depending on their grade on the COSMIN tool. There is a need for further research on the psychometric properties of the instruments included in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Betul Kula
- Department of Psychology, The University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Cropley
- Department of Psychology, The University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Hashir Aazh
- Audiology Department, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, United Kingdom
- Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, The University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
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Beck S, Whitaker K, Cropley M. Is rumination associated with psychological distress after a cancer diagnosis? A systematic review. J Psychosoc Oncol 2023; 41:584-609. [PMID: 36604965 DOI: 10.1080/07347332.2022.2145925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this work was to review evidence on the association between psychological rumination and distress in those diagnosed with cancer. Methods: Six databases were searched for studies exploring rumination alongside overall assessments of psychological distress, depression, anxiety, or stress. Results: Sixteen studies were identified. Rumination was associated with distress cross-sectionally and longitudinally. However, once baseline depression was controlled for, the association was no longer seen. The emotional valence of ruminative thoughts and the style in which they were processed, rather than their topic, was associated with distress. Brooding and intrusive rumination were associated with increased distress, deliberate rumination had no association, and reflection/instrumentality had mixed findings. Conclusions: This review highlights that it is not necessarily the topic of content, but the style and valence of rumination that is important when considering its association with distress. The style of rumination should be the target of clinical intervention, including brooding and intrusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Beck
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | | | - Mark Cropley
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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Pauli R, Gaum PM, Cropley M, Lang J. Antecedents, outcomes and measurement of work related-cognition in non-work time: A multistudy report using the work-related rumination questionnaire in two languages. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1013744. [PMID: 36935958 PMCID: PMC10017545 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1013744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the perseverative cognition hypothesis, prolonged activation for example, via work-related rumination impairs recovery and thereby poses a risk to employee health. The extent to which gender, age, occupation or longitudinal stress exposure may alter work-related rumination is an ongoing debate. Whether group or longitudinal comparisons of work-related rumination are valid, however, has never been tested. In this multistudy report, we therefore investigated measurement invariance of the widely used Work-Related Rumination Questionnaire (WRRQ) across gender, age, occupation, and longitudinal measurements by performing secondary analyses of preexisting data on work-related rumination. We examined the psychometric properties of WRRQ measurements in two languages and expand knowledge about the nomological network of affective rumination, problem-solving pondering and detachment in relation to individual employee characteristics (e.g., personality, work engagement, commitment), job stressors (e.g., work intensity, decision latitude, social relations with colleagues and supervisors) and employee health outcomes (e.g., wellbeing, irritation, somatic symptoms). Multigroup confirmatory factor analyses showed partial scalar invariance of English and German WRRQ measurements and full scalar invariance across gender, age, occupation and over the period of 1 week (Study 1, n = 2,207). Correlation analyses supported criterion, convergent and discriminant validity of WRRQ measurements (Study 2, n = 4,002). These findings represent a prerequisite for comparisons of work-related cognition across groups and further the understanding of the antecedents and outcomes of different types of work-related cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Pauli
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Roman Pauli,
| | - Petra Maria Gaum
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mark Cropley
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, England, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Lang
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Cropley M, Rydstedt LW, Chelidoni O, Ollis L, Querstret D. Work-related rumination declines with age but is moderated by gender. Work 2023; 76:587-594. [PMID: 36872828 DOI: 10.3233/wor-220288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Much is known about the physical effects of work and health, but less is known about how older workers unwind mentally from work, and their post-work ruminative thinking. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to explore the association between age, gender and two types of work-related rumination: affective rumination, and problem-solving pondering. METHODS This study utilized a sample of 3991 full-time employees (working 30 or more hours per week), who were stratified into five age bands (18-25, 26-35, 36-45, 46-55, and 56-65 yrs.). RESULTS Affective rumination was found to significantly decline in the older age groups (46 + yrs.), but this finding was moderated by gender. Males reported lower work-related rumination over the entire age range, but the greatest difference between males and females was observed in the 56-65 age category. The results for problem-solving pondering mirrored those of affective rumination but with the only exception that there was no significant difference in gender between those aged 18-25 years. CONCLUSION These findings add to our understanding about how workers (between different age groups) mentally switch off from work and highlight the need for interventions to help older workers mentally recover from the effects of work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Cropley
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- Department of Psychology, Inland School of Business and Social Sciences (HHS), Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Leif W Rydstedt
- Department of Psychology, Inland School of Business and Social Sciences (HHS), Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Olga Chelidoni
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Lucie Ollis
- School of Health Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Dawn Querstret
- Department of Psychology and Pedagogic Science, St Mary's University Twickenham, London, UK
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13
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Ollis L, Cropley M, Plans D, Cogo-Moreira H. Disentangling change across the time and true stability of employees' resilience using latent state model. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:651. [PMID: 36266624 PMCID: PMC9583564 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04294-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
There is debate within the literature about whether resilience should be considered a stable character trait or a dynamic, changeable process (state). Two widely used measures to assess resilience are the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and the Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA). The aim of this study was to evaluate the true stability (invariance) and change across time in resilience captured by these two measures. Using the perspective of Latent State-Trait theory, the aim was to decipher if the CD-RISC and the RSA are more trait-like or more state-like and to address whether true differences in resilience between participants increased (or decreased) across time. In this longitudinal study, UK-based employees (N = 378) completed the CD-RISC (10-item version) and the RSA (33-item version, aggregated and analyzed under six parcels) at three occasions over six months. A latent-state model and latent-state model with indicator specific residual factors were utilized. The analysis suggested that both questionnaires capture trait and state components of resilience. These results contribute to the discussion about how resilience scales are measuring change and stability, and how we define resilience as a more trait-like or state-like phenomena. The findings also highlight the issue of what resilience scales are measuring and whether resilience is a quantifiable construct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Ollis
- grid.5475.30000 0004 0407 4824School of Health Sciences, University of Surrey, Guilford, Surrey UK
| | - Mark Cropley
- grid.5475.30000 0004 0407 4824School of Psychological Sciences, University of Surrey, Guilford, Surrey UK
| | - David Plans
- grid.4970.a0000 0001 2188 881XDepartment of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey UK
| | - Hugo Cogo-Moreira
- Department of Education, ICT and Learning, Østfold University College, Halden, Norway.
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14
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Neyer S, Witthöft M, Cropley M, Pawelzik M, Sütterlin S, Lugo RG. The cortisol awakening response at admission to hospital predicts depression severity after discharge in major depressive disorder patients—A replication study. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:952903. [DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.952903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cortisol awakening response (CAR) is a non-invasive biomarker for hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) dysregulation, reflecting accumulated stress over time. In a previous study we reported that a blunted CAR before an inpatient treatment predicted self-reported depressive symptoms six weeks and six months after discharge [Eikeseth, F. F., Denninghaus, S., Cropley, M., Witthöft, M., Pawelzik, M., & Sütterlin, S. (2019). The cortisol awakening response at admission to hospital predicts depression severity after discharge in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 111, 44-50)]. This replication study adopted an improved overall methodology with more stringent assessment protocols and monitoring. The longitudinal design included 122 inpatients from a psychosomatic hospital with a diagnosis of MDD displaying symptoms of moderate to severe major depression (n = 80 females). The CAR was measured at intake. Depression severity was assessed as Beck Depression Inventory II scores at intake, discharge, 6 weeks and 6 months following discharge. Results from the original study were replicated in terms of effect size but did not reach statistical significance (correlation between BDI-II 6 months after discharge and AUCg: r = −0.213; p = 0.054). The replication study yielded nearly identical correlation coefficients as in the original study (BDI-II 6 months and CAR, r = −0.223, p < 0.05). The replication of previously reported effect sizes with a concurrent lack of statistical significance in the more restrictive, larger and better controlled replication study may well inform research on psycho-endocrinological predictors for treatment success, but suggests a rather limited practical relevance for cortisol awakening response measures in this clinical context.
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15
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Saldarini F, Cropley M. Chronic Stress Is Associated with Reduced Mindful Acceptance Skills but Not with Mindful Attention Monitoring: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:11304. [PMID: 36141575 PMCID: PMC9517081 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) are effective in reducing chronic stress, but their therapeutic mechanisms are unclear. One possibility is that MBIs act by re-training attention monitoring and acceptance skills that have been impaired by chronic stress exposure. However, little research has investigated the association between chronic stress, monitoring, and acceptance. In this cross-sectional study we hypothesised observing correlations between stress, and (impaired) monitoring and acceptance. Moreover, we exploratively compared the magnitude of the correlations between chronic stress and four acceptance measures. Finally, we explored whether the association between stress and monitoring is moderated by acceptance. Eighty-five adults participated in the study and completed self-reported chronic stress and acceptance questionnaires and a mindful attention behavioural task. The results revealed that chronic stress was associated with reduced acceptance (all ps < 0.01) but not with monitoring. Exploratory analyses revealed no differences in the magnitude of the correlations between stress and each acceptance measure, except for the combined facets of mindfulness acceptance subscales and nonreactivity subscale (p = 0.023). Further analyses revealed a significant negative association between stress and the interaction between acceptance and the target detection component of monitoring (p = 0.044). Surprisingly, these results show that stress is associated with reduced monitoring at higher levels of acceptance. Theory-driven intervention studies are warranted to complement our results.
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16
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Vassou C, Georgousopoulou EN, Chrysohoou C, Yannakoulia M, Pitsavos C, Cropley M, Panagiotakos DB. Psychological factors in relation to the 10-year incidence of metabolic syndrome: The ATTICA epidemiological study (2002-2012). Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:2195-2203. [PMID: 35843796 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Various bio-psychological mechanisms underlying the association between mental health problems and metabolic syndrome remain unknown. We investigated the role of irrational beliefs in conjunction with anxiety, depression and hostility in the 10-year metabolic syndrome (MetS) incidence, and the effect of biochemical and socio-behavioral factors on the aforementioned associations. METHODS AND RESULTS ATTICA is a prospective, cohort study (2002-2012). The sample included 591 participants [51.3% men (aged 41.5 ± 10 years) and 48.7% women (aged 37.5 ± 11.5 years)], free of MetS at baseline. Detailed biochemical, clinical, and lifestyle evaluations were performed, while participants' irrational beliefs, anxiety, depression and hostility were assessed using the Irrational Beliefs Inventory, the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale and the Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire, respectively. Multiple logistic regression was applied to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of developing MetS and to control for confounders, as well as stratified logistic regression to detect moderator effects. High irrational beliefs were associated with 1.5-times higher odds of developing MetS than low irrational beliefs. Especially, participants with high irrational beliefs and high anxiety were 96% more likely to develop MetS, compared with those with low irrational beliefs and low or high anxiety (OR = 1.96; 95% CI = 1.01, 3.80). CONCLUSION The findings of the study underline the important role of irrational beliefs and anxiety in the development of MetS and the need to build new holistic approaches focused on the primary prevention of both mental health and MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Vassou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Christina Chrysohoou
- First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Mary Yannakoulia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Pitsavos
- First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Mark Cropley
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Demosthenes B Panagiotakos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece; Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia.
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Vassou C, Tsiampalis T, Georgousopoulou E, Chrysohoou C, Yannakoulia M, Pitsavos C, Cropley M, Panagiotakos D. Irrational beliefs and health anxiety in relation to hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and lifestyle behaviors; The attica epidemiological study. Atherosclerosis 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.06.726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Vassou C, Yannakoulia M, Georgousopoulou E, Chrysohoou C, Pitsavos C, Cropley M, Panagiotakos D. Irrational beliefs as a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes, among people away from the Mediterranean diet; the Attica epidemiological study. Atherosclerosis 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.06.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Vassou C, Georgousopoulou E, Yannakoulia M, Chrysohoou C, Pitsavos C, Cropley M, Panagiotakos D. Irrational beliefs triggers depression and anxiety symptoms, and increase inflammation and oxidative stress surrogate markers of cardiovascular disease risk; The Attica epidemiological study (2002-2012). Atherosclerosis 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.06.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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Vassou C, Georgousopoulou E, Yannakoulia M, Chrysohoou C, Pitsavos C, Cropley M, Panagiotakos D. Irrational beliefs trigger depression symptoms in relation to the 10-year cardiovascular disease risk; The Attica epidemiological study (2002-2012). Atherosclerosis 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.06.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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Vassou C, Yannakoulia M, Georgousopoulou EN, Chrysohoou C, Pitsavos C, Cropley M, Panagiotakos DB. Irrational Beliefs, Dietary Habits and 10-Year Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes; the ATTICA Epidemiological Study (2002-2012). Rev Diabet Stud 2021; 17:38-49. [PMID: 34936543 PMCID: PMC9380097 DOI: 10.1900/rds.2021.17.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the dietary habits and irrational beliefs of apparently healthy individuals in relation to their 10-year diabetes incidence. METHODS: The ATTICA study (2002-2012) is a prospective populationbased cohort study, in which 853 participants (453 men (aged 45 ± 13 years) and 400 women (aged 44 ± 18 years)) without a history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) underwent psychological evaluations. Among other things, participants completed the Irrational Beliefs Inventory (IBI, range 0-88), a brief, self-reported measure consistent with the Ellis model of psychological disturbance. Demographic characteristics, detailed medical history, and dietary and other lifestyle habits were evaluated as well. Diagnosis of diabetes at follow-up examination was based on the criteria of the American Diabetes Association. RESULTS: Mean IBI score was 53 ± 10 in men and 51± 11 in women (p = 0.68). IBI was positively associated with the 10-year type 2 diabetes incidence (hazard ratio: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.04-1.25) in both men and women, and even more distinctly associated with participants with the following characteristics: lower education status, married, overweight, smokers, anxiety and depressive symptomatology, and unhealthy dietary habits. Especially, participants with increased irrational beliefs and low adherence to the Mediterranean diet were 37% more likely to develop type 2 diabetes than those with the reverse status (hazard ratio: 3.70; 95% CI: 2.32-5.88). CONCLUSIONS: These data support the need for lifestyle changes towards healthier nutrition which can be achieved by educating people so that they are equipped to recognize false and unhelpful thoughts and thus to prevent negative psychological and clinical outcomes such as mental health disorders and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Vassou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Mary Yannakoulia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Christos Pitsavos
- First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Greece
| | - Mark Cropley
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Demosthenes B. Panagiotakos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
- Address correspondence to: Demosthenes B. Panagiotakos, e-mail:
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22
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Masiero M, Cutica I, Mazzocco K, Zunino A, Cropley M, Pravettoni G. A Comprehensive Model of Tobacco Cigarette Smoking in Adolescence: The Role of Attachment Style and Personality. J Psychol 2021; 155:589-605. [PMID: 34185624 DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2021.1934374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Several previous studies have investigated the association between smoking, attachment style and personality, but they were either focused on personality or on attachment style and considered these variables separately. Starting from such findings, the study aims to investigate both factors, as they might not be independent, in order to clarify their role in the onset of smoking behavior in adolescence. This study was conducted on a convenience sample of 338 adolescents [male: 55% (186) - female: 45% (152)] (aged 16.63 ± 1.63). All participants completed a set of standardized questionnaires that assessed attachment style, personality and smoking behavior (starting age, daily cigarettes, nicotine dependence). Results showed that the dismissing attachment style, novelty seeking, and older age were associated with a higher likelihood of having a cigarette smoking experience; while self-directedness and gender (being female) were associated with a lower likelihood of having a cigarette smoking experience (p < .001). The secure and avoidant attachment styles were associated with a late smoking onset, whereas dismissing attachment and reward dependence were associated with an earlier smoking onset (p < .009). These findings highlight the possibility of developing a psycho-cognitive profile of adolescent smokers, and help to describe a smoking trajectory that may aid in designing tailored interventions and treatments to discourage smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ketti Mazzocco
- University of Milan
- European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS
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Neyer S, Witthöft M, Cropley M, Pawelzik M, Lugo RG, Sütterlin S. Reduction of depressive symptoms during inpatient treatment is not associated with changes in heart rate variability. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248686. [PMID: 33755668 PMCID: PMC7987172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vagally mediated heart rate variability (HRV) is a psychophysiological indicator of mental and physical health. Limited research suggests there is reduced vagal activity and resulting lower HRV in patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD); however little is actually known about the association between HRV and symptoms of depression and whether the association mirrors symptom improvement following psychotherapy. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between antidepressant therapy, symptom change and HRV in 50 inpatients (68% females; 17–68 years) with a diagnosis of MDD. Severity of depressive symptoms was assessed by self-report (Beck Depression Inventory II) and the Hamilton Rating Scale of Depression. Measures of vagally mediated HRV (root mean square of successive differences and high-frequency) were assessed at multiple measurement points before and after inpatient psychotherapeutic and psychiatric treatment. Results showed an expected negative correlation between HRV and depressive symptoms at intake. Depressive symptoms improved (d = 0.84) without corresponding change in HRV, demonstrating a de-coupling between this psychophysiological indicator and symptom severity. To our knowledge, this study is the first to examine an association between HRV and depressive symptoms before and after psychotherapy. The observed de-coupling of depression and HRV, and its methodological implications for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Witthöft
- Department for Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mark Cropley
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ricardo Gregorio Lugo
- Department for Information Security and Communication Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Gjøvik, Norway
- Faculty for Health and Welfare Sciences, Østfold University College, Halden, Norway
| | - Stefan Sütterlin
- Faculty for Health and Welfare Sciences, Østfold University College, Halden, Norway
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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24
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Querstret D, Morison L, Dickinson S, Cropley M, John M. Mindfulness-based stress reduction and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for psychological health and well-being in nonclinical samples: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Stress Management 2020. [DOI: 10.1037/str0000165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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25
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Masiero M, Keyworth H, Pravettoni G, Cropley M, Bailey A. Short Bouts of Physical Activity Are Associated with Reduced Smoking Withdrawal Symptoms, but Perceptions of Intensity May Be the Key. Healthcare (Basel) 2020; 8:E425. [PMID: 33114145 PMCID: PMC7712184 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare8040425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a short bout (10 min) of moderate-intensity exercise to reduce withdrawal symptomatology, craving and negative affect; while the secondary aim was to assess how the effectiveness of a short bout of moderate exercise can be modulated by the perception of intensity in physically active and low-activity smokers. Fifty low-activity and physically active smokers were recruited (24 male and 26 female) and randomized in three different conditions. Prescribed (objective) moderate intensity (OBJ) and perceived moderate intensity (PER), and passive waiting (PW). After the intervention (T3), smokers reported less desire to smoke in the PER (p < 0.001) and OBJ (p < 0.001) conditions, relative to the PW condition. At T3 smokers in the PER condition reported less negative affect than smokers in the PW condition relative to the baseline (T1) (p < 0.007). Further, smokers in the PER condition reported less negative affect than smokers in the PW condition (p < 0.048). Physically active (PA) smokers perceived less exertion than low-activity (LA) smokers, and the effects were stronger in the PER condition relative to OBJ. Generally, our results suggest that a short bout of moderate exercise helps both LA and PA smokers. These findings provided a novel insight into the psychological mechanisms that affect the efficacy of the exercise in smoking cessation and suggest that exercise should be tailored according to individual perception of intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Masiero
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Helen Keyworth
- School of Biosciences & Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK;
| | - Gabriella Pravettoni
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Mark Cropley
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey GU2 7YH, UK;
| | - Alexis Bailey
- School of Biosciences & Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK;
- Institute of Medical and Biomedical Education, St George’s University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
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26
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Chelidoni O, Plans D, Ponzo S, Morelli D, Cropley M. Exploring the Effects of a Brief Biofeedback Breathing Session Delivered Through the BioBase App in Facilitating Employee Stress Recovery: Randomized Experimental Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2020; 8:e19412. [PMID: 33055072 PMCID: PMC7596654 DOI: 10.2196/19412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recovery from stress is a predictive factor for cardiovascular health, and heart rate variability (HRV) is suggested to be an index of how well people physiologically recover from stress. Biofeedback and mindfulness interventions that include guided breathing have been shown to be effective in increasing HRV and facilitating stress recovery. Objective This study aims to assess the effectiveness of a brief app-based breathing intervention (BioBase) in enhancing physiological recovery among employees who were induced to cognitive and emotional stress. Methods In total, we recruited 75 full-time employees. Interbeat (RR) intervals were recorded continuously for 5 min at baseline and during cognitive and emotional stress induction. The session ended with a 5-min recovery period during which participants were randomly allocated into 3 conditions: app-based breathing (BioBase), mindfulness body scan, or control. Subjective tension was assessed at the end of each period. Results Subjective tension significantly increased following stress induction. HRV significantly decreased following the stress period. In the recovery phase, the root mean square of successive RR interval differences (P=.002), the percentage of successive RR intervals that differed by >50 ms (P=.008), and high frequency (P=.01) were significantly higher in the BioBase breathing condition than in the mindfulness body scan and the control groups. Conclusions Biofeedback breathing interventions digitally delivered through a commercially available app can be effective in facilitating stress recovery among employees. These findings contribute to the mobile health literature on the beneficial effects of brief app-based breathing interventions on employees’ cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Chelidoni
- Evolution, Behaviour and Environment, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - David Plans
- Initiative in the Digital Economy, Department of Science, Innovation, Technology, and Entrepreneurship, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.,Social Cognition Lab, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,BioBeats Group Ltd, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Davide Morelli
- BioBeats Group Ltd, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Cropley
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
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27
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Masiero M, Mazzocco K, Harnois C, Cropley M, Pravettoni G. From Individual To Social Trauma: Sources Of Everyday Trauma In Italy, The US And UK During The Covid-19 Pandemic. J Trauma Dissociation 2020; 21:513-519. [PMID: 32654633 DOI: 10.1080/15299732.2020.1787296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The heterogeneity of COVID-19 experience and response for each individual is irrefutable; nevertheless, similarities can be observed between countries with respect to people's psychological responses. The main aim of this Commentary is to provide a cultural perspective of the sources of trauma, at the individual and social level, in three different countries: Italy, US and UK. The evidence from previous outbreaks, such as SARS, H1N1 flu, Ebola, and the ongoing Italian, the US, and the UK experience of COVID-19 shows that COVID-19 has introduced not only an individual trauma but also a collective trauma, that researchers should attend to now and in future global emergencies. Future clinical interventions should aim to reconnect dissociated parts both in the individual and in society. This commentary discusses four potential sources of trauma: high-stakes decision fatigue in healthcare professionals, traumatic grief, and bereavement in people who have lost loved ones, loss of roles and identity, and social divisions related to economic shutdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Masiero
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan , Milan, Italy.,Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, European Institute of Oncology , IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - K Mazzocco
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, European Institute of Oncology , IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan , Milan, Italy
| | - C Harnois
- Department of Sociology, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - M Cropley
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical and Biomedical Education, University of Surrey , Surrey, UK
| | - G Pravettoni
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, European Institute of Oncology , IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan , Milan, Italy
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28
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Cropley M, Rydstedt LW, Andersen D. Recovery from work: testing the effects of chronic internal and external workload on health and well-being. J Epidemiol Community Health 2020; 74:919-924. [PMID: 32641406 PMCID: PMC7576576 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2019-213367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to examine the effects of reduced recovery opportunities on health, associated with chronic internal workload (ie, during work) and external workload (ie, following work). METHODS Data from two consecutive surveys (2013 and 2016) from the Norwegian Living Conditions Survey on Work Environment were used. To assess a dose-response association between workload and health, self-reported ratings of internal workload (ie, having too much to do and skipping lunch breaks during work) and external workload (ie, using mobile technology for work-related issues during leisure time) over the two time periods were divided into tertile groups representing low, medium and high workload. Anxiety, depression, physiological and psychological fatigue and sleep were assessed as outcome symptoms. RESULTS Chronic medium levels of internal workload were associated with psychological fatigue (OR=2.84, 95% CI 1.75 to 4.62) and physical fatigue (OR=1.85, 95% CI 1.31 to 2.63), and high internal workload was associated with psychological fatigue (OR=7.24, 95% CI 4.59 to 11.40), physical fatigue (OR=4.23, 95% CI 3.06 to 5.83) and sleep problems (OR=1.81, 95% CI 1.07 to 3.05). Chronic external high workload was only associated with psychological fatigue (OR=1.67, 95% CI 1.26 to 2.22) and with physical fatigue problems (OR=1.47, 95% CI,1.09-1.98) when the data were adjusted for age, gender, education level, job autonomy and occupational status. CONCLUSIONS This study emphasises that individuals who chronically experience high workload are at an increased risk for reporting psychological and physical fatigue, and sleep problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Cropley
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Leif W Rydstedt
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian Inland University of Applied Sciences, HHS Elverum, Norway
| | - David Andersen
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian Inland University of Applied Sciences, HHS Elverum, Norway
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Cropley M, Collis H. The Association Between Work-Related Rumination and Executive Function Using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function. Front Psychol 2020; 11:821. [PMID: 32508703 PMCID: PMC7248272 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Work-related rumination has been associated with a number of health complaints, however, little is known about the underlying factors associated with rumination. Previous work using proxy measures of executive function showed work-related rumination to be negatively associated with executive function. In this paper, we report two studies that examined the association between work-related rumination and executive function utilizing an ecological valid measure of executive function: the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF-A, Roth et al., 2005). In study 1 (N = 63), high, relative to low work-related ruminators, were found to demonstrate lower executive function skills, in eight of the nine subscales of the BRIEF. The aim of study 2 (N = 237) was to identify, the key executive function subscale/s associated with work-related rumination. Controlling for known factors associated with work-related rumination (fatigue and sleep), regression analysis identified the behavioral regulation subscale “shift” as the key predictor within the model. Shift relates to our ability to switch attention, to think about different solutions, and dealing with and accepting change. It was concluded that these findings lend support for future research to develop interventions for enhancing shift ability, as an aid to reduce work-related ruminative thinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Cropley
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Collis
- Surrey Business School, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Despite the cost and health consequences, a large number of people continue to smoke cigarettes worldwide every day. Notwithstanding, there have been a number of interventions to help people stop smoking but, in general, these have produced only limited success, and better interventions are needed. Accruing evidence affirmed that rumination and executive function play a pivotal role in cigarette smoking behavior, and in this editorial, we describe and discuss the key findings between these constructs and smoking, and argue that an impairment in executive functions does not act alone, but interacts with rumination by directing attention to depressive thoughts, thereby reducing the ability of smokers to engage in constructive behaviors, such as quitting smoking. Finally, we offer a new theory-driven model based on a deep understanding of the interactions between executive functions and rumination and potential moderator effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Masiero
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mark Cropley
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriella Pravettoni
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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31
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Eikeseth FF, Denninghaus S, Cropley M, Witthöft M, Pawelzik M, Sütterlin S. The cortisol awakening response at admission to hospital predicts depression severity after discharge in MDD patients. J Psychiatr Res 2019; 111:44-50. [PMID: 30669031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is associated with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation and altered cortisol awakening response (CAR), a non-invasive biomarker for HPA axis reactivity. We theorized that the CAR resembles the accumulated effects of depression over time, and may therefore predict depressive symptom severity once patients return home following inpatient treatment. Two studies are reported. In Study 1 (n = 101; 57% female), the CAR was measured at intake and self-ratings of depression severity was assessed six weeks following discharge. Study 2 (n = 127; 58% female) was a replication and extension of Study 1 where a follow-up assessment of self-rated depression severity was added at six months following discharge. In Study 1 the CAR at intake showed a tendency towards a negative association with self-reported depression six weeks after discharge. Study 2 extended this finding within a more severely depressed, larger sample, where a blunted CAR predicted self-reported depressive severity six weeks and six month following discharge. These findings suggest that a blunted CAR can predict mood deterioration post treatment in inpatients diagnosed with severe MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mark Cropley
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Witthöft
- Department for Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Sütterlin
- Faculty for Health and Welfare Sciences, Østfold University College, Norway; CHBD Research Group, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
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32
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Michailidis E, Cropley M. Testing the benefits of expressive writing for workplace embitterment: a randomized control trial. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/1359432x.2019.1580694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Cropley
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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33
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Plans D, Morelli D, Sütterlin S, Ollis L, Derbyshire G, Cropley M. Use of a Biofeedback Breathing App to Augment Poststress Physiological Recovery: Randomized Pilot Study. JMIR Form Res 2019; 3:e12227. [PMID: 30684437 PMCID: PMC6682287 DOI: 10.2196/12227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The speed of physiological recovery from stress may be a marker for cardiovascular disease risk. Stress management programs that incorporate guided breathing have been shown to moderate the stress response and augment recovery. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of an app-based brief relaxation intervention (BioBase) for facilitating physiological recovery in individuals exposed to a brief psychological stressor. METHODS A total of 75 participants (44 women) completed a stressor speech task and were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: control, rumination, or an app-based relaxation breathing (BioBase) conditions. Heart rate variability (HRV) was assessed as a measure of autonomic function at baseline (6 min), during stress (6 min), and during recovery (6 min). RESULTS There was a significant increase in subjective stress following stress exposure, but the ratings returned to baseline after recovery in all three groups. In addition, there was a significant decrease in vagally mediated HRV in the poststress period. During recovery, the root mean square of successive differences (P<.001), the percentage of successive interbeat (RR) intervals that differ by >50 ms (pNN50; P<.001), and high-frequency (P<.02) HRV were significantly higher in the BioBase breathing condition than the rumination and control conditions. There was no difference in HRV values between the rumination and control conditions during recovery. CONCLUSIONS App-based relaxed breathing interventions could be effective in reducing cardiovascular disease risk. These results provide additional utility of biofeedback breathing in augmenting physiological recovery from psychological stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Plans
- BioBeats Group LTD, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Davide Morelli
- BioBeats Group LTD, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Sütterlin
- Faculty for Health and Welfare Sciences, Østfold University College, Østfold, Norway.,Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lucie Ollis
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Georgia Derbyshire
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Cropley
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Background Embitterment has been described as the emotion generated by an event experienced as unjust. Although clinicians working in occupational health services readily recognize features of embitterment in organizations, little attention has been given to workplace embitterment. Research is warranted to identify predictors and features of employees' embitterment. Aims To explore the predictors and the chronicity of workplace embitterment over 6 months. Methods A longitudinal study investigating the chronicity of workplace embitterment and its antecedents among employees from various occupations. Data were collected by online questionnaires including measures of workplace embitterment, organizational justice and employees' perceptions of supervisory control. Results The survey was completed by 352 employees at Time 1, and 169 at Time 2. The final sample (assessed at two time points) was 147 employees. The feeling of workplace embitterment appeared to be very stable during the 6-month period. Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that perceptions of distributive injustice, informational injustice and employees' perceptions on supervisory over-control in Time 1 significantly predicted embitterment in Time 2. Only the relationship between employees' perceptions of supervisory control and embitterment remained significant after controlling for baseline levels of embitterment. Conclusions This study provides evidence for the negative impact perceived organizational injustice can have on employees' experience of workplace embitterment. Results indicate that employees who perceive their supervisor as being over-controlling are more likely to suffer from workplace embitterment. The finding that workplace embitterment is stable during a 6-month period highlights the need for effective interventions in ameliorating and preventing workplace embitterment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Cropley
- University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
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35
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Bailey A, Keyworth H, Lind J, Tzaikouri A, Rueda A, Chen Y, Kitchen I, Camarini R, Cropley M. Running away from addiction: Exercise, smoking cessation and neuroscience. Tob Prev Cessat 2018. [DOI: 10.18332/tpc/91599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Keyworth H, Georgiou P, Zanos P, Rueda AV, Chen Y, Kitchen I, Camarini R, Cropley M, Bailey A. Wheel running during chronic nicotine exposure is protective against mecamylamine-precipitated withdrawal and up-regulates hippocampal α7 nACh receptors in mice. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:1928-1943. [PMID: 29266170 PMCID: PMC5978981 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Evidence suggests that exercise decreases nicotine withdrawal symptoms in humans; however, the mechanisms mediating this effect are unclear. We investigated, in a mouse model, the effect of exercise intensity during chronic nicotine exposure on nicotine withdrawal severity, binding of α4β2*, α7 nicotinic acetylcholine (nAChR), μ-opioid (μ receptors) and D2 dopamine receptors and on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and plasma corticosterone levels. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Male C57Bl/6J mice treated with nicotine (minipump, 24 mg·kg-1 ·day-1 ) or saline for 14 days underwent one of three concurrent exercise regimes: 24, 2 or 0 h·day-1 voluntary wheel running. Mecamylamine-precipitated withdrawal symptoms were assessed on day 14. Quantitative autoradiography of α4β2*, α7 nAChRs, μ receptors and D2 receptor binding was performed in brain sections of these mice. Plasma corticosterone and brain BDNF levels were also measured. KEY RESULTS Nicotine-treated mice undertaking 2 or 24 h·day-1 wheel running displayed a significant reduction in withdrawal symptom severity compared with the sedentary group. Wheel running induced a significant up-regulation of α7 nAChR binding in the CA2/3 area of the hippocampus of nicotine-treated mice. Neither exercise nor nicotine treatment affected μ or D2 receptor binding or BDNF levels. Nicotine withdrawal increased plasma corticosterone levels and α4β2* nAChR binding, irrespective of exercise regimen. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We demonstrated for the first time a profound effect of exercise on α7 nAChRs in nicotine-dependent animals, irrespective of exercise intensity. These findings shed light onto the mechanism underlining the protective effect of exercise on the development of nicotine dependence. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.11/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Keyworth
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildfordSurreyUK
| | - Polymnia Georgiou
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildfordSurreyUK
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Panos Zanos
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildfordSurreyUK
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - André Veloso Rueda
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Ying Chen
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildfordSurreyUK
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Division of Academic PsychiatryKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Ian Kitchen
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildfordSurreyUK
| | - Rosana Camarini
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Mark Cropley
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of SurreySurreyUK
| | - Alexis Bailey
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildfordSurreyUK
- Institute of Medical and Biomedical EducationSt George's University of LondonLondonUK
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Querstret D, Cropley M, Fife-Schaw C. The Effects of an Online Mindfulness Intervention on Perceived Stress, Depression and Anxiety in a Non-clinical Sample: A Randomised Waitlist Control Trial. Mindfulness (N Y) 2018; 9:1825-1836. [PMID: 30524514 PMCID: PMC6244637 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-018-0925-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mindfulness interventions have been shown to be effective for health and wellbeing, and delivering mindfulness programmes online may increase accessibility and reduce waiting times and associated costs; however, research assessing the effectiveness of online interventions is lacking. We sought to: (1) assess the effects of an online mindfulness intervention on perceived stress, depression and anxiety; (2) assess different facets of mindfulness (i.e. acting with awareness, describing, non-judging and non-reacting) as mechanisms of change and (3) assess whether the effect of the intervention was maintained over time. The sample was comprised of 118 adults (female, n = 95) drawn from the general population. Using a randomised waitlist control design, participants were randomised to either an intervention (INT) or waitlist control (WLC) group. Participants completed the online intervention, with the WLC group starting after a 6-week waitlist period. Participants completed measures of depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7) and perceived stress (PSS-10) at baseline, post-treatment, 3- and 6-month follow-up. Participants who completed the mindfulness intervention (n = 60) reported significantly lower levels of perceived stress (d = − 1.25 [− 1.64, − 0.85]), anxiety (d = − 1.09 [− 1.47, − 0.98]) and depression (d = − 1.06 [− 1.44, − 0.67]), when compared with waitlist control participants (n = 58), and these effects were maintained at follow-up. The effect of the intervention was primarily explained by increased levels of non-judging. This study provides support for online mindfulness interventions and furthers our understanding with regards to how mindfulness interventions exert their positive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn Querstret
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH UK
| | - Mark Cropley
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH UK
| | - Chris Fife-Schaw
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH UK
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Golding SE, Horsfield C, Davies A, Egan B, Jones M, Raleigh M, Schofield P, Squires A, Start K, Quinn T, Cropley M. Exploring the psychological health of emergency dispatch centre operatives: a systematic review and narrative synthesis. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3735. [PMID: 29062596 PMCID: PMC5649589 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The study objective was to investigate and synthesize available evidence relating to the psychological health of Emergency Dispatch Centre (EDC) operatives, and to identify key stressors experienced by EDC operatives. Methods Eight electronic databases (Embase, PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, PsycInfo, PsycArticles, The Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection, and Google Scholar) were searched. All study designs were included, and no date limits were set. Studies were included if they were published in English, and explored the psychological health of any EDC operatives, across fire, police, and emergency medical services. Studies were excluded if they related solely to other emergency workers, such as police officers or paramedics. Methodological quality of included studies was assessed using checklists adapted from the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. A narrative synthesis was conducted, using thematic analysis. Results A total of 16 articles were included in the review. Two overarching themes were identified during the narrative synthesis: ‘Organisational and Operational Factors’ and ‘Interactions with Others’. Stressors identified included being exposed to traumatic calls, lacking control over high workload, and working in under-resourced and pressured environments. Lack of support from management and providing an emotionally demanding service were additional sources of stress. Peer support and social support from friends and family were helpful in managing work-related stress. Discussion EDC operatives experience stress as a result of their work, which appears to be related to negative psychological health outcomes. Future research should explore the long-term effects of this stress, and the potential for workplace interventions to alleviate the negative impacts on psychological health. PROSPERO Registration Number CRD42014010806.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Golding
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Horsfield
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Annette Davies
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Bernadette Egan
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Martyn Jones
- School of Nursing & Health Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Mary Raleigh
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Schofield
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, United Kingdom
| | - Allison Squires
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York City, United States of America
| | - Kath Start
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Quinn
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education, Kingston University London and St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Cropley
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
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Michailidis E, Cropley M. Exploring predictors and consequences of embitterment in the workplace. Ergonomics 2017; 60:1197-1206. [PMID: 27801614 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2016.1255783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Research on the feeling of embitterment at work is still in its infancy. The present study investigated the predictors and consequences of the feeling of embitterment at work. It was hypothesised that organisational injustice as well as over-controlling supervision would predict embitterment at work and that embitterment would be associated with work-related rumination. Three hundred and thirty-seven employees completed an online survey. Regression analysis revealed that procedural injustice and over-controlling supervision were significant predictors of embitterment and that embitterment contributed significantly to the prediction of increased affective rumination and reduction in detachment. Mediation analysis indicated that embitterment at work was a significant mechanism through which organisational injustice and over-controlling supervision exerted their effect on affective rumination, which is indicative of insufficient recovery from work. Findings suggest that breaches in organisational justice can generate feelings of embitterment at work, which in turn can interfere with employees' ability to adequately recover from work. Practitioner Summary: The purpose of this study was to investigate predictors and consequences of embitterment in the workplace using an online questionnaire. Findings suggest that perceived unfairness, because of structural and organisational aspects, predicts feelings of embitterment and that feeling embittered at work can prevent employees from adequately recovering from work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Cropley
- a School of Psychology , University of Surrey , Guildford , UK
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Golding SE, Cropley M. A Systematic Narrative Review of Effects of Community-Based Intervention on Rates of Organ Donor Registration. Prog Transplant 2017; 27:295-308. [DOI: 10.1177/1526924817715461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: The demand for organ donation is increasing worldwide. One possible way of increasing the pool of potential posthumous donors is to encourage more members of the general public to join an organ donor registry. Objective: A systematic review was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of psychological interventions designed to increase the number of individuals in the community who register as organ donors. Methods: PsycINFO and PubMed databases were searched. No date limits were set. Randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials exploring the effects of community-based interventions on organ donor registration rates were included. Methodological quality was assessed using the “Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies.” Results: Twenty-four studies met the inclusion criteria; 19 studies found a positive intervention effect on registration. Only 8 studies were assessed as having reasonable methodological robustness. A narrative synthesis was conducted. Factors influencing registration rates include providing an immediate registration opportunity and using brief interventions to challenge misconceptions and concerns about organ donation. Discussion: Community-based interventions can be effective at increasing organ donor registrations among the general public. Factors that may increase effectiveness include brief interventions to address concerns and providing an immediate registration opportunity. Particular consideration should be paid to the fidelity of intervention delivery. Protocol registration number: CRD42014012975.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Elizabeth Golding
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Cropley
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
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Gorini A, Riva S, Marzorati C, Cropley M, Pravettoni G. Rumination in breast and lung cancer patients: Preliminary data within an Italian sample. Psychooncology 2017; 27:703-705. [DOI: 10.1002/pon.4468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Gorini
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology; University of Milan; Milan Italy
- Psycho-Oncology Division; European Institute of Oncology; Milan Italy
| | - Silvia Riva
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology; University of Milan; Milan Italy
- Psycho-Oncology Division; European Institute of Oncology; Milan Italy
| | - Chiara Marzorati
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology; University of Milan; Milan Italy
| | - Mark Cropley
- School of Psychology; University of Surrey; Surrey UK
| | - Gabriella Pravettoni
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology; University of Milan; Milan Italy
- Psycho-Oncology Division; European Institute of Oncology; Milan Italy
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Amirova A, Cropley M, Theadom A. The effectiveness of the Mitchell Method Relaxation Technique for the treatment of fibromyalgia symptoms: A three-arm randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Stress Management 2017. [DOI: 10.1037/str0000017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Cropley M, Plans D, Morelli D, Sütterlin S, Inceoglu I, Thomas G, Chu C. The Association between Work-Related Rumination and Heart Rate Variability: A Field Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:27. [PMID: 28197087 PMCID: PMC5281594 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the association between perseverative cognition in the form of work-related rumination, and heart rate variability (HRV). We tested the hypothesis that high ruminators would show lower vagally mediated HRV relative to low ruminators during their leisure time. Individuals were classified as being low (n = 17) or high ruminators (n = 19), using the affective scale on the work-related rumination measure. HRV was assessed using a wrist sensor band (Microsoft Band 2). HRV was sampled between 8 pm and 10 pm over three workday evenings (Monday to Wednesday) while individuals carried out their normal evening routines. Compared to the low ruminators, high affective ruminators demonstrated lower HRV in the form of root mean square successive differences (RMSSDs), relative to the low ruminators, indicating lower parasympathetic activity. There was no significant difference in heart rate, or activity levels between the two groups during the recording periods. The current findings of this study may have implications for the design and delivery of interventions to help individuals unwind post work and to manage stress more effectively. Limitations and implications for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Cropley
- Department of Psychology, University of Surrey Guildford, UK
| | - David Plans
- Center for Digital Economy, University of SurreyGuildford, UK; BioBeats Group LTDLondon, UK
| | - Davide Morelli
- Center for Digital Economy, University of SurreyGuildford, UK; BioBeats Group LTDLondon, UK; Department of Computer Science, University of PisaPisa, Italy
| | - Stefan Sütterlin
- Department of Psychology, Lillehammer University CollegeLillehammer, Norway; Department of Neurobiological Medicine, Oslo University Hospital RikshospitaletOslo, Norway
| | - Ilke Inceoglu
- Surrey Business School, University of Surrey Guildford, UK
| | - Geoff Thomas
- Surrey Business School, University of Surrey Guildford, UK
| | - Chris Chu
- Surrey Business School, University of Surrey Guildford, UK
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Cropley M, Zijlstra FRH, Querstret D, Beck S. Is Work-Related Rumination Associated with Deficits in Executive Functioning? Front Psychol 2016; 7:1524. [PMID: 27746759 PMCID: PMC5043057 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Work-related rumination, that is, perseverative thinking about work during leisure time, has been associated with a range of negative health and wellbeing issues. The present paper examined the association between work-related rumination and cognitive processes centerd around the theoretical construct of executive functioning. Executive functioning is an umbrella term for high level cognitive processes such as planning, working memory, inhibition, mental flexibility; and it underlies how people manage and regulate their goal directed behavior. Three studies are reported. Study I, reports the results of a cross-sectional study of 240 employees, and demonstrates significant correlations between work-related rumination and three proxy measures of executive functioning: cognitive failures (0.33), cognitive flexibility (-0.24), and situational awareness at work (-0.28). Study II (n = 939), expands on the findings from study 1 and demonstrates that workers reporting medium and high work-related rumination were 2.8 and 5 times, respectively, more likely to report cognitive failures relative to low ruminators. High ruminators also demonstrated greater difficulties with ‘lapses of attention’ (OR = 4.8), ‘lack of focus of attention’ (OR = 3.4), and ‘absent mindedness’ (OR = 4.3). The final study, examined the association between work-related rumination and executive functioning using interview data from 2460 full time workers. Workers were divided into tertiles low, medium, and high. The findings showed that high work-related rumination was associated with deficits in starting (OR = 2.3) and finishing projects (OR = 2.4), fidgeting (OR = 1.9), memory (OR = 2.2), pursuing tasks in order (OR = 1.8), and feeling compelled to do things (OR = 2.0). It was argued that work-related rumination may not be related to work demands per se, but appears to be an executive functioning/control issue. Such findings are important for the design and delivery of intervention programes aimed at helping people to switch off and unwind from work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Cropley
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey Guildford, UK
| | - Fred R H Zijlstra
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Dawn Querstret
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey Guildford, UK
| | - Sarah Beck
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey Guildford, UK
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Aazh H, Moore BCJ, Lammaing K, Cropley M. Tinnitus and hyperacusis therapy in a UK National Health Service audiology department: Patients' evaluations of the effectiveness of treatments. Int J Audiol 2016; 55:514-22. [PMID: 27195947 PMCID: PMC4950421 DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2016.1178400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess patients' judgements of the effectiveness of the tinnitus and hyperacusis therapies offered in a specialist UK National Health Service audiology department. DESIGN Cross-sectional service evaluation questionnaire survey. Patients were asked to rank the effectiveness of the treatment they received on a scale from 1 to 5 (1 = no effect, 5 = very effective). STUDY SAMPLE The questionnaire was sent to all patients who received treatment between January and March 2014 (n = 200) and 92 questionnaires were returned. RESULTS The mean score was greatest for counselling (Mean = 4.7, SD = 0.6), followed by education (Mean = 4.5, SD = 0.8), cognitive behavioural therapy - CBT (Mean = 4.4, SD = 0.7), and hearing tests (Mean = 4.4, SD = 0.9). Only 6% of responders rated counselling as 3 or below. In contrast, bedside sound generators, hearing aids, and wideband noise generators were rated as 3 or below by 25%, 36%, and 47% of participants, respectively. CONCLUSION The most effective components of the tinnitus and hyperacusis therapy interventions were judged by the patients to be counselling, education, and CBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashir Aazh
- Audiology Department, Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust,
Guildford,
UK
| | | | - Karen Lammaing
- Audiology Department, Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust,
Guildford,
UK
| | - Mark Cropley
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey,
Guildford,
UK
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Theadom A, Starkey N, Jones K, Cropley M, Parmar P, Barker-Collo S, Feigin VL. Sleep difficulties and their impact on recovery following mild traumatic brain injury in children. Brain Inj 2016; 30:1243-8. [DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2016.1183171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
With the introduction of a new curriculum and increased targets for schools, children are facing increased pressure to succeed in examinations at increasingly earlier ages. It is therefore necessary to emphasize the need for greater awareness of the distress that may be experienced by young children and adolescents as a result and implement provision for early interventions. The aim of this study was to investigate changes occurring in anxiety, affect, depression and self-esteem in secondary school children as they approached important school examinations and to examine variations between schools of differing design and status. There were a total of 520 participants, from four different schools in two school years (year 9, age 13-14 and year 11, age 15-16). Participants completed self-report questionnaires at two time points—firstly during regular term time and the second in the week immediately prior to the examinations. Gender differences were found in the majority of measures with females displaying greater levels of anxiety and negative affect immediately before the examinations, whereas males reported higher positive affect and self-esteem and lower depression and anxiety, even within the week prior to the examinations. Differences between the schools were also found. However, there were no significant differences between the two school years and the two times of testing. A number of trends were identified in relation to both gender differences and the influence of the type of school attended. Females, particularly those attending independent or grammar schools, reported a greater negative mood overall and before the examinations. It is suggested that there is a need for a school-based provision aimed at pro-actively increasing pupils self-esteem and to develop skills for dealing with stressful situations—particularly important examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Locker
- Department of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Mark Cropley
- Department of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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Coxon A, Cropley M, Schofield P, Start K, Horsfield C, Quinn T. 'You're never making just one decision': exploring the lived experiences of ambulance Emergency Operations Centre personnel. Emerg Med J 2016; 33:645-51. [PMID: 27002162 DOI: 10.1136/emermed-2015-204841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of ambulance dispatch personnel, identifying key stressors and their impact on staff well-being. METHODS Qualitative methodology was used. Nine semistructured interviews were conducted with National Health Service (NHS) ambulance Emergency Operations Centre (EOC) dispatch personnel in the UK between July and August 2014. Participants were asked about their experiences of the role, stress experienced and current strategies they use to deal with stress. Transcripts were analysed using an inductive, bottom-up thematic analysis. RESULTS Three key themes were identified: (1) 'How dispatch is perceived by others', (2) 'What dispatch really involves' and (3) 'Dealing with the stresses of dispatch'. All participants expressed pride in their work, but felt overloaded by the workload and undervalued by others. Several sources of additional stress, not directly related to the execution of their work, were identified, including the need to mentally unwind from work at the end of a shift. Participants were able to identify a number of ways in which they currently manage work-related stress, but they also suggested changes the organisation could put in place in order to reduce stress in the working environment. CONCLUSIONS Building on existing theory on work stress and postwork recovery, it was concluded that EOC dispatch staff require greater support at work, including skills training to promote postshift recovery, in order to reduce the likelihood of sickness absence, and prevent work-related fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Coxon
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Mark Cropley
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Pat Schofield
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, UK
| | - Kath Start
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK South East Coast Ambulance NHS Foundation Trust, Banstead, Surrey, UK
| | - Claire Horsfield
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK South East Coast Ambulance NHS Foundation Trust, Banstead, Surrey, UK
| | - Tom Quinn
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education, Kingston University and St George's, University of London, London, UK
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Riva S, Gorini A, Cropley M, Pravettoni G. PR124 RUMINATION AND CANCER DISEASE: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN A COHORT OF PATIENTS WITH BREAST AND LUNG CANCER. Breast 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9776(15)30136-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Cropley M, Banks AP, Boyle J. The Effects ofRhodiola roseaL. Extract on Anxiety, Stress, Cognition and Other Mood Symptoms. Phytother Res 2015; 29:1934-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Cropley
- School of Psychology; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey UK
| | - Adrian P. Banks
- School of Psychology; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey UK
| | - Julia Boyle
- School of Biosciences and Medicine; University of Surrey; Guildford Surrey UK
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