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Jansing M, Mielenbrink S, Rosenbach H, Metzger S, Span I. Maturation strategy influences expression levels and cofactor occupancy in Fe-S proteins. J Biol Inorg Chem 2023; 28:187-204. [PMID: 36527507 PMCID: PMC9981529 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-022-01972-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Iron-sulfur clusters are ubiquitous cofactors required for fundamental biological processes. Structural and spectroscopic analysis of Fe-S proteins is often limited by low cluster occupancy in recombinantly produced proteins. In this work, we report a systematic comparison of different maturation strategies for three well-established [4Fe-4S] proteins. Aconitase B, HMBPP reductase (IspH), and quinolinate synthase (NadA) were used as model proteins as they have previously been characterized. The protein production strategies include expression of the gene of interest in BL21(DE3) cells, maturation of the apo protein using chemical or semi-enzymatic reconstitution, co-expression with two different plasmids containing the iron-sulfur cluster (isc) or sulfur formation (suf) operon, a cell strain lacking IscR, the transcriptional regulator of the ISC machinery, and an engineered "SufFeScient" derivative of BL21(DE3). Our results show that co-expression of a Fe-S biogenesis pathway influences the protein yield and the cluster content of the proteins. The presence of the Fe-S cluster is contributing to correct folding and structural stability of the proteins. In vivo maturation reduces the formation of Fe-S aggregates, which occur frequently when performing chemical reconstitution. Furthermore, we show that the in vivo strategies can be extended to the radical SAM protein ThnB, which was previously only maturated by chemical reconstitution. Our results shed light on the differences of in vitro and in vivo Fe-S cluster maturation and points out the pitfalls of chemical reconstitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Jansing
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Steffen Mielenbrink
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hannah Rosenbach
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sabine Metzger
- MS-Platform Biocenter, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Science (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Zülpicher Strasse 47B, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ingrid Span
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany. .,Bioanorganische Chemie, Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
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2
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Pinter TBJ, Koebke KJ, Pecoraro VL. Catalysis and Electron Transfer in De Novo Designed Helical Scaffolds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:7678-7699. [PMID: 31441170 PMCID: PMC7035182 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201907502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between protein structure and function is one of the greatest puzzles within biochemistry. De novo metalloprotein design is a way to wipe the board clean and determine what is required to build in function from the ground up in an unrelated structure. This Review focuses on protein design efforts to create de novo metalloproteins within alpha-helical scaffolds. Examples of successful designs include those with carbonic anhydrase or nitrite reductase activity by incorporating a ZnHis3 or CuHis3 site, or that recapitulate the spectroscopic properties of unique electron-transfer sites in cupredoxins (CuHis2 Cys) or rubredoxins (FeCys4 ). This work showcases the versatility of alpha helices as scaffolds for metalloprotein design and the progress that is possible through careful rational design. Our studies cover the invariance of carbonic anhydrase activity with different site positions and scaffolds, refinement of our cupredoxin models, and enhancement of nitrite reductase activity up to 1000-fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler B. J. Pinter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States, 48109-1055
| | - Karl J. Koebke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States, 48109-1055
| | - Vincent L. Pecoraro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States, 48109-1055
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3
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Pinter TBJ, Koebke KJ, Pecoraro VL. Katalyse und Elektronentransfer in helikalen De‐novo‐Gerüststrukturen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201907502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler B. J. Pinter
- Department of Chemistry University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109-1055 USA
| | - Karl J. Koebke
- Department of Chemistry University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109-1055 USA
| | - Vincent L. Pecoraro
- Department of Chemistry University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109-1055 USA
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4
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Tebo AG, Pinter TBJ, García-Serres R, Speelman AL, Tard C, Sénéque O, Blondin G, Latour JM, Penner-Hahn J, Lehnert N, Pecoraro VL. Development of a Rubredoxin-Type Center Embedded in a de Dovo-Designed Three-Helix Bundle. Biochemistry 2018; 57:2308-2316. [PMID: 29561598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Protein design is a powerful tool for interrogating the basic requirements for the function of a metal site in a way that allows for the selective incorporation of elements that are important for function. Rubredoxins are small electron transfer proteins with a reduction potential centered near 0 mV (vs normal hydrogen electrode). All previous attempts to design a rubredoxin site have focused on incorporating the canonical CXXC motifs in addition to reproducing the peptide fold or using flexible loop regions to define the morphology of the site. We have produced a rubredoxin site in an utterly different fold, a three-helix bundle. The spectra of this construct mimic the ultraviolet-visible, Mössbauer, electron paramagnetic resonance, and magnetic circular dichroism spectra of native rubredoxin. Furthermore, the measured reduction potential suggests that this rubredoxin analogue could function similarly. Thus, we have shown that an α-helical scaffold sustains a rubredoxin site that can cycle with the desired potential between the Fe(II) and Fe(III) states and reproduces the spectroscopic characteristics of this electron transport protein without requiring the classic rubredoxin protein fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison G Tebo
- Program in Chemical Biology , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Tyler B J Pinter
- Department of Chemistry and Biophysics , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Ricardo García-Serres
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, BIG, LCBM (UMR 5249), F-38054 Grenoble , France
| | - Amy L Speelman
- Department of Chemistry and Biophysics , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Cédric Tard
- LCM, CNRS, École Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Olivier Sénéque
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, BIG, LCBM (UMR 5249), F-38054 Grenoble , France
| | - Geneviève Blondin
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, BIG, LCBM (UMR 5249), F-38054 Grenoble , France
| | - Jean-Marc Latour
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, BIG, LCBM (UMR 5249), F-38054 Grenoble , France
| | - James Penner-Hahn
- Department of Chemistry and Biophysics , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Nicolai Lehnert
- Department of Chemistry and Biophysics , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Vincent L Pecoraro
- Program in Chemical Biology , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biophysics , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
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5
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Liu J, Chakraborty S, Hosseinzadeh P, Yu Y, Tian S, Petrik I, Bhagi A, Lu Y. Metalloproteins containing cytochrome, iron-sulfur, or copper redox centers. Chem Rev 2014; 114:4366-469. [PMID: 24758379 PMCID: PMC4002152 DOI: 10.1021/cr400479b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 540] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Biophysics
and Computational
Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Saumen Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Biophysics
and Computational
Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Parisa Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Biophysics
and Computational
Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Biophysics
and Computational
Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Shiliang Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Biophysics
and Computational
Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Igor Petrik
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Biophysics
and Computational
Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ambika Bhagi
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Biophysics
and Computational
Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Biophysics
and Computational
Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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6
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Zheng P, Takayama SIJ, Mauk AG, Li H. Hydrogen Bond Strength Modulates the Mechanical Strength of Ferric-Thiolate Bonds in Rubredoxin. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:4124-31. [DOI: 10.1021/ja2078812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver,
BC V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Shin-ichi J. Takayama
- Department of Biochemistry
and Molecular Biology and the Center for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver,
BC V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - A. Grant Mauk
- Department of Biochemistry
and Molecular Biology and the Center for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver,
BC V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Hongbin Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver,
BC V6T 1Z1 Canada
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7
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Kimura T. Biochemical aspects of iron-sulfur linkage in non-heme iron protein, with special reference to “Adrenodoxin”. STRUCTURE AND BONDING 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/bfb0118845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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8
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Buchanan BB, Arnon DI. Ferredoxins: chemistry and function in photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, and fermentative metabolism. ADVANCES IN ENZYMOLOGY AND RELATED AREAS OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 33:119-76. [PMID: 4393906 DOI: 10.1002/9780470122785.ch3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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9
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New biomimetic chemistry in water: the anomalous ‘salting-in’ of neutral compounds of natural amino acids with transition metals. Inorganica Chim Acta 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(03)00402-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Oba T, Furukawa H, Wang ZY, Nozawa T, Mimuro M, Tamiaki H, Watanabe T. Supramolecular Structures of the Chlorophyll a‘ Aggregate and the Origin of the Diastereoselective Separation of Chlorophyll a and a‘. J Phys Chem B 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp980956k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toru Oba
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Furukawa
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Zheng-Yu Wang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Tsunenori Nozawa
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Mamoru Mimuro
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tamiaki
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Tadashi Watanabe
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
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11
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Christensen HE, Hammerstad-Pedersen JM, Holm A, Iversen G, Jensen MH, Ulstrup J. Synthesis and characterization of Desulfovibrio gigas rubredoxin and rubredoxin fragments. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1994; 224:97-101. [PMID: 8076656 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.tb19999.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The 52-residue Desulfovibrio gigas rubredoxin peptide chain has been synthesized and a procedure for chain folding around iron(II) developed. The folded, stable synthetic rubredoxin can be subjected to purification, and reversibly oxidized and reduced. Ultraviolet/visible absorption and CD spectra of both forms show all the same features as native D. gigas rubredoxin, and the symmetric and asymmetric Fe-S stretching bands in the resonance Raman spectrum can be identified. In addition, the matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrum of a peptide sample exposed to trace amounts of iron is dominated by a peak at 5735Da very close to the value for the calculated molecular mass. Details in the ultraviolet/visible bandshape and mass spectrum, however, indicate remaining impurities. In comparison, a previously synthesized 25-residue rubredoxin fragment with the non-conserved positions 13-35 and 51-52 omitted and Val5-Glu50 anchored via glycine folds gives the correct molecular mass and ultraviolet/visible spectrum, but is much more labile than the 52-residue protein. This shows that non-conserved residues are crucial in protein folding and that chemical metalloprotein synthesis offers alternative prospects to microbiological protein engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- H E Christensen
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, National University of Singapore
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12
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Woolley KJ, Meyer TE. The complete amino acid sequence of rubredoxin from the green phototrophic bacterium Chlorobium thiosulphatophilum strain PM. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1987; 163:161-6. [PMID: 3816795 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1987.tb10750.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A complete amino acid sequence for the rubredoxin from the photosynthetic bacterium Chlorobium thiosulphatophilum is proposed. The sequence, a single polypeptide chain of 53 amino acids, was deduced from the sequences of peptides obtained by chymotryptic, tryptic, thermolytic or mild acid digestion. The rubredoxin shows a high degree of sequence homology with rubredoxins from non-photosynthetic bacteria, and the evolutionary implications of this are considered.
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13
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Krishnamoorthi R, Markley JL, Cusanovich MA, Przysiecki CT. Hydrogen-1 nuclear magnetic resonance investigation of Clostridium pasteurianum rubredoxin: previously unobserved signals. Biochemistry 1986; 25:50-4. [PMID: 3954992 DOI: 10.1021/bi00349a008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Previously unobserved signals were located in the 470-MHz 1H NMR spectra of oxidized and reduced rubredoxin (Rd) from Clostridium pasteurianum. When the protein was oxidized, some of the resonances broadened beyond detection. Longitudinal relaxation (T1) measurements identified a number of these peaks as arising from residues close to the paramagnetic iron; these resonances exhibited short T1 values attributable to the dominant electron-nuclear dipolar relaxation mechanism. The chemical shifts of these peaks were not strongly dependent on the oxidation state of the protein, although relative ratios of line widths of several peaks in the spectra of oxidized and reduced Rd suggested localized conformational changes of the protein as a result of oxidation. Furthermore, spectra of the oxidized protein collected in the range 8-60 degrees C revealed no appreciable changes in the chemical shifts of these peaks with temperature. These results seem to point out a negligible dipolar contribution, due to either magnetic anisotropy or zero field splitting, to the observed shifts in the spectrum of oxidized Rd. Resonances were assigned to tyrosine-11 or phenylalanine-49 (but not to either specifically) on the basis of their T1 values and the X-ray diffraction data of the protein molecule [Watenpaugh, K. D., Sieker, L. C., Herriott, J. R., & Jensen, L. H. (1973) Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B: Struct. Crystallogr. Cryst. Chem. B29, 943-956; and a further refinement deposited with the Protein Data Bank]. An upfield-shifted peak at about -1.1 ppm in the spectra of both oxidized and reduced Rd was assigned to a methyl group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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14
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Przysiecki CT, Bhattacharyya AK, Tollin G, Cusanovich MA. Kinetics of reduction of Clostridium pasteurianum rubredoxin by laser photoreduced spinach ferredoxin:NADP+ reductase and free flavins. Electron transfer within a protein-protein complex. J Biol Chem 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)89613-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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15
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Scullane M, White L, Chasteen N. An efficient approach to computer simulation of EPR spectra of high-spin Fe(III) in rhombic ligand fields. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-2364(82)90207-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Ueyama N, Nakata M, Nakamura A. Oxidized Rubredoxin Models. Iron(III) Complexes of Z–Cys–Ala–Ala–Cys–OMe and Z–Ala–Cys–OMe. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1981. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.54.1727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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17
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Antanaitis B, Aisen P, Lilienthal H, Roberts R, Bazer F. The novel “g' = 1.74” EPR spectrum of pink and purple uteroferrin. J Biol Chem 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)70276-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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18
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O'Keeffe DT, Anthony C. The interaction between methanol dehydrogenase and the autoreducible cytochromes c of the facultative methylotroph Pseudomonas AM1. Biochem J 1980; 190:481-4. [PMID: 6258570 PMCID: PMC1162118 DOI: 10.1042/bj1900481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cytochromes cH and cL were autoreduced at high pH (pK greater than 10) and the autoreduced cytochromes reacted with CO. The autoreduction was first-order with respect to oxidized cytochrome c and was reversible by lowering the pH. Pure methanol dehydrogenase reduced cytochrome c (in the absence of methanol) by lowering the pK for autoreduction to less than 8.5. A mechanism is proposed for the autoreduction of cytochrome c and its involvement in the reaction with methanol dehydrogenase.
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19
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Arakawa S, Kimura T. Preparation and partial characterization of iron-sulfur, iron-selenium, and iron-tellurium complexes of bovine serum albumin. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1979; 580:382-91. [PMID: 229912 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2795(79)90150-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An artificial Fe-S* protein was prepared by the reaction of bovine serum albumin with FeSO4 and Na2S or with a synthetic Fe-S*-1,4-butanenedithiol complex. These improved methods enabled us to characterize the derivatives from serum albumin. The Fe-S* albumin complex has about 20 iron ions and 14 labile sulfur atoms per molecule of the protein, whose absorption spectrum closely resembled that of 2Fe-2S* proteins. Its electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum exhibited signals different from those of ferredoxins. The addition of p-chloromercuriphenylsulfonate quenched the optical absorption in the visible region as well as the electron paramagnetic resonance signals. These properties of the albumin-iron complex are similar to those of iron-sulfur dithiothreitol and mercaptoethanol complexes, suggesting that the albumin-iron complex has one or more protein ligands besides sulfur lignads. Presumably, the oxygen atom of the tyrosine residue, or other hydroxyamino acids participates in the complex formation. In this context, the albumin polypeptide appears to be incapable of forming an iron-sulfur cluster identical to those of ferredoxins. Yet, from the albumin-iron derivative, the extrusion of the iron-sulfur core with benzenethiol provided products similar to those from ferredoxins. The iron-selenium and iron-tellurium derivatives of the bovine serum albumin were prepared and partially characterized by optical absorption and electron paramagnetic resonsnace spectroscopies. These results imply that both selenium and tellurium can be incorporated into the protein molecule as the respective labile components.
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20
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Spaapen LJ, Veldink GA, Liefkens TJ, Vliegenthart JF, Kay CM. Circular dichroism of lipoxygenase-1 from soybeans. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1979; 574:301-11. [PMID: 114226 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(79)90011-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The circular dichroism spectra of the three forms of lipoxygenase-1 from soybeans show characteristic differences in the region between 300 and 600 nm. Native lipoxygenase-1 only shows a negative dichroic band around 330 nm. Yellow lipoxygenase-1, obtained by addition of an equimolar amount of 13-F-hydroperoxylinoleic acid to the native enzyme, shows a positive Cotton effect at 425 nm, while the negative band band at 330 nm has increased in intensity. The blue enzyme, representing a complex of yellow enzyme with 13-L-hydroperoxylinoleic acid exhibits a negative dichroic band at 580 nm and positive bands at 410 and 391 nm. The near-ultraviolet CD spectra of the three forms of lipoxygenase are very similar, showing several well resolved positive dichroic bands at 0 degrees C. Using the method of Chen et al. (Chen, Y.-H., Yang, J.T. and Martinez, H.M. (1972) Biochemistry 11, 4120--4131) the contents of alpha-helix, beta- and unordered form of native lipoxygenase-1 were estimated to be 34, 27 and 39% respectively.
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21
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Smith GJ, Claridge RF, Smith CJ. The action spectra of free radicals produced by the irradiation of keratin containing bound iron (III) ions. Photochem Photobiol 1979; 29:777-9. [PMID: 451015 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1979.tb07765.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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22
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Cammack R, Rao KK, Hall DO, Moura JJ, Xavier AV, Bruschi M, Le Gall J, Deville A, Gayda JP. Spectroscopic studies of the oxidation-reduction properties of three forms of ferredoxin from Desulphovibrio gigas. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1977; 490:311-21. [PMID: 189829 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2795(77)90006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Electron paramagnetic resonance spectra were recorded of three forms of Desulphovibrio gigas ferredoxin, FdI, FdI' and FdII. The g = 1.94 signal seen in dithionite-reduced samples is strong in FdI, weaker in FdI' and very small in FdII. The g = 2.02 signal in the oxidized proteins is weak in FdI and strongest in FdII. It is concluded that most of the 4Fe-4S centres in FdI change between states C- and C2-; FdI' contain both types of centre. There is no evidence that any particular centre can change reversibly between all three oxidation states. Circular dichroism spectra show differences between FdI and FdII even in the diamagnetic C2- state. The redox potentials of the iron-sulphur centres of the three oligomers (forms) are different. After formation of the apo-protein of FdII and reconstitution with iron and sulphide, the protein behaves more like FdI, showing a strong g = 1.94 signal in the reduced states.
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23
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Cárdenas J, Mortenson LE, Yoch DC. Purification and properties of paramagnetic protein from Clostridium pasteurianum W5. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1976; 434:244-57. [PMID: 181066 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2795(76)90056-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The purification to homogeneity of the non-heme iron protein, sometimes referred to as either "red protein" or "paramagnetic protein", from Clostridium pasteurianum W5 extracts is described and its physicochemical properties studied. This paramagnetic protein (g= 1.94) has a molecular weight of about 25000 and contains two iron and two acid-labile sulfur atoms per mol of protein. Its midpoint potential at pH 7.5, as determined by electron paramagnetic resonance titration, is -300 mV. Optical circular dichroism and electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of the paramagnetic protein are similar to those of two iron-two acid-labile sulfur ferredoxins. The biochemical reduction of the purified protein was also studied.
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Chen JS, Mortenson LE, Palmer G. The iron-sulfur centers and the function of hydrogenase from Clostridium pasteurianum. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1976; 74:68-82. [PMID: 183483 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-3270-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogenase from C. pasteurianum is an iron-sulfur protein containing at least two tetrameric iron-sulfur centers. Information on the structure of the remaining iron atoms must await future investigation. Although the EPR spectra of dithionite-reduced hydrogenase and eight-iron Fd showed some similarity, the CD spectra clearly indicated a difference. The tetrameric iron-sulfur centers of hydrogenase were shown to undergo redox changes when hydrogenase was oxidized or reduced. However, no evidence is now available to support a role for the tetrameric Fe-S centers, responsible for the EPR spectrum A, as the primary site for H2 binding and activation. Because we have found that the [Fe4S4(SR)4]-containing ferredoxins do not have hydrogenase activity, it is conceivable that the additional iron atoms and/or certain amino acid residues of hydrogenase also contribute to the unique catalytic properties of this enzyme. Chemical synthesis of Fe-S clusters with different peptide environments and with hydrogenase function would lead to the identification of these functional groups. X-ray diffraction studies on hydrogenase will certainly complement the other approaches. Knowledge of the structure of the active site of hydrogenase will certainly accelerate research into: (1) the synthesis of a stable catalyst to replace hydrogenase in systems designed to produce H2 by coupling this catalyst to a photoreducing system; and (2) the elucidation of the active sites of more complicated iron-sulfur enzymes such as nitrogenase.
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Knoell HE, Knappe J. Escherichia coli ferredoxin, an iron-sulfur protein of the adrenodoxin type. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1974; 50:245-52. [PMID: 4375562 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1974.tb03893.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Rao KK, Evans MC, Cammack R, Hall DO, Thompson CL, Jackson PJ, Johnson CE. Mössbauer effect in rubredoxin. Determination of the hyperfine field of the iron in a simple iron-sulphur protein. Biochem J 1972; 129:1063-70. [PMID: 4348167 PMCID: PMC1174263 DOI: 10.1042/bj1291063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
1. Rubredoxin isolated from the green photosynthetic bacterium Chloropseudomonas ethylica was similar in composition to those from anaerobic fermentative bacteria. Amino acid analysis indicated a minimum molecular weight of 6352 with one iron atom per molecule. 2. The circular-dichroism and electron-paramagnetic-resonance spectra of Ch. ethylica rubredoxin showed many similarities to those of Clostridium pasteurianum, but suggested that there may be subtle differences in the protein conformation about the iron atom. 3. Mössbauer-effect measurements on rubredoxin from Cl. pasteurianum and Ch. ethylica showed that in the oxidized state the iron (high-spin Fe(3+)) has a hyperfine field of 370+/-3kG, whereas in the reduced state (high-spin Fe(2+)) the hyperfine field tensor is anisotropic with a component perpendicular to the symmetry axis of the ion of about -200kG. For the reduced protein the sign of the electric-field gradient is negative, i.e. the ground state of the Fe(2+) is a [unk] orbital. There is a large non-cubic ligand-field splitting (Delta/k=900 degrees K), and a small spin-orbit splitting (D~+4.4cm(-1)) of the Fe(2+) levels. 4. The contributions of core polarization to the hyperfine field in the Fe(3+) and Fe(2+) ions are estimated to be -370 and -300kG respectively. 5. The significance of these results in interpretation of the Mössbauer spectra of other iron-sulphur proteins is discussed.
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An Analysis of the Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectrum of Pseudomonas oleovorans Rubredoxin. J Biol Chem 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)61807-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Gersonde K, Trittelvitz E, Schlaak HE, Stabel HH. The influence of the dimerisation on the stoichiometry of the active center in ferredoxin from Clostridium pasteurianum. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1971; 22:57-65. [PMID: 5099215 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1971.tb01514.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Meyer TE, Sharp JJ, Bartsch RG. Isolation and properties of rubredoxin from the photosynthetic green sulfur bacteria. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1971; 234:266-9. [PMID: 4327795 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(71)90081-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Flatmark T, Dus K. Studies on the chelate structure of the high-potential iron protein of Chromatium. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1969; 180:377-87. [PMID: 4307588 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2728(69)90122-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Marlborough DI, Hall DO, Cammack R. Magneto-optical rotatory dispersion (MORD) studies on spinach ferredoxin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1969; 35:410-3. [PMID: 5788497 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(69)90514-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Newman DJ, Postgate JR. Rubredoxin from a nitrogen-fixing variety of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1968; 7:45-50. [PMID: 4303402 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1968.tb19571.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Malkin R, Rabinowitz JC. The reactivity of clostridial ferredoxin with iron chelating agents and 5,5'-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoic acid. Biochemistry 1967; 6:3880-91. [PMID: 4965576 DOI: 10.1021/bi00864a034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Wilson DF. The near infra-red electronic spectra of non-heme iron proteins at minus 196 degrees. Arch Biochem Biophys 1967; 122:254-6. [PMID: 6076224 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(67)90149-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Garbett K, Gillard RD, Knowles PF, Stangroom JE. Cotton effects in plant ferredoxin and xanthine oxidase. Nature 1967; 215:824-8. [PMID: 6049730 DOI: 10.1038/215824a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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