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Zhang S, Tian D, Xia Z, Yang F, Chen Y, Yao Z, He Y, Miao X, Zhou G, Yao X, Tang J. Chang-Kang-Fang alleviates diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) through inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 330:118236. [PMID: 38670405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chang-Kang-Fang (CKF), originated from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulas, has been utilized to treat diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) based on clinical experience. However, the underlying mechanism of CKF for treating IBS-D remains unclear and need further clarification. AIM OF THE STUDY The objective of this present investigation was to validate the efficacy of CKF on IBS-D model rats and to uncover its potential mechanism for the treatment of IBS-D. MATERIALS AND METHODS We first established the IBS-D rat model through neonatal maternal separation (NMS) in combination with restraint stress (RS) and the administration of senna decoction via gavage. To confirm the therapeutic effect of CKF on treating IBS-D, abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) scores, the quantity of fecal pellets, and the fecal water content (FWC) were measured to evaluate the influence of CKF on visceral hypersensitivity and the severity of diarrhea symptom after the intragastric administration of CKF for 14 days. Subsequently, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was applied to assess the effect of CKF on neuropeptides substance P (SP) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), as well as inflammatory cytokines in serum and in intestinal tissues. Further, colonic pathological changes, the amount of colonic mast cells, and the expression level of occludin in rat colon tissues, were investigated by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, toluidine blue staining, and immunohistochemistry, respectively. To explore the underlying mechanisms, alterations in colonic RNA transcriptomics for the normal, model, and CKF treatment groups were assessed using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). Subsequently, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blot (WB), and immunofluorescence (IF) assays were applied to validate the effect of CKF on predicted pathways in vivo and in vitro. In addition, to elucidate the potential active compounds in CKF, 11 representative components found in CKF were selected, and their anti-inflammation potentials were evaluated using LPS-treated RAW264.7 cell models. RESULTS CKF treatment significantly reduced the number of fecal pellets, attenuated visceral hypersensitivity, and decreased 5-HT and SP concentrations in serum and colon tissues, along with a reduction in colonic mast cell counts, correlating with improved symptoms in IBS-D rats. Meanwhile, CKF treatment reduced the colonic inflammatory cell infiltration, lowered the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β in serum and colon tissues, and increased the occludin protein expression in colon tissues to improve inflammatory response and colonic barrier function. RNA-Seq, in conjugation with our previous network pharmacology analysis, indicated that CKF might mitigate the symptoms of IBS-D rats by inhibiting the Toll like receptor 4/Nuclear factor kappa-B/NLR family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3) pathway, which was confirmed by WB, IF, and qRT-PCR experiments in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, coptisine, berberine, hyperoside, epicatechin, and gallic acid present in CKF emerged as potential active components for treating IBS-D, as they demonstrated in vitro anti-inflammatory effects. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that CKF effectively improves the symptoms of IBS-D rats, potentially through the inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway. Moreover, this study unveils the potential bioactive components in CKF that could be applied in the treatment of IBS-D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihao Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Danmei Tian
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zixuan Xia
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Fengge Yang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yanhui Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zhihong Yao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yi He
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, Tianjin, 300410, China; Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 300410, China
| | - Xinglong Miao
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, Tianjin, 300410, China; Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 300410, China
| | - Guirong Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, Tianjin, 300410, China; Tasly Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 300410, China.
| | - Xinsheng Yao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Jinshan Tang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy/State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment/International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Ministry of Education (MOE) of China, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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Canova PN, Charron AJ, Leib DA. Models of Herpes Simplex Virus Latency. Viruses 2024; 16:747. [PMID: 38793628 PMCID: PMC11125678 DOI: 10.3390/v16050747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Our current understanding of HSV latency is based on a variety of clinical observations, and in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro model systems, each with unique advantages and drawbacks. The criteria for authentically modeling HSV latency include the ability to easily manipulate host genetics and biological pathways, as well as mimicking the immune response and viral pathogenesis in human infections. Although realistically modeling HSV latency is necessary when choosing a model, the cost, time requirement, ethical constraints, and reagent availability are also equally important. Presently, there remains a pressing need for in vivo models that more closely recapitulate human HSV infection. While the current in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro models used to study HSV latency have limitations, they provide further insights that add to our understanding of latency. In vivo models have shed light on natural infection routes and the interplay between the host immune response and the virus during latency, while in vitro models have been invaluable in elucidating molecular pathways involved in latency. Below, we review the relative advantages and disadvantages of current HSV models and highlight insights gained through each.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige N. Canova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA;
- Guarini School of Graduate and Advanced Studies at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA;
| | - Audra J. Charron
- Guarini School of Graduate and Advanced Studies at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA;
| | - David A. Leib
- Guarini School of Graduate and Advanced Studies at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA;
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He ZX, Yue MH, Liu KJ, Wang Y, Qiao JY, Lv XY, Xi K, Zhang YX, Fan JN, Yu HL, He XX, Zhu XJ. Substance P in the medial amygdala regulates aggressive behaviors in male mice. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024:10.1038/s41386-024-01863-w. [PMID: 38649427 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-024-01863-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Behavioral and clinical studies have revealed a critical role of substance P (SP) in aggression; however, the neural circuit mechanisms underlying SP and aggression remain elusive. Here, we show that tachykinin-expressing neurons in the medial amygdala (MeATac1 neurons) are activated during aggressive behaviors in male mice. We identified MeATac1 neurons as a key mediator of aggression and found that MeATac1→ventrolateral part of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMHvl) projections are critical to the regulation of aggression. Moreover, SP/neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R) signaling in the VMHvl modulates aggressive behaviors in male mice. SP/NK-1R signaling regulates aggression by influencing glutamate transmission in neurons in the VMHvl. In summary, these findings place SP as a key node in aggression circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Xuan He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Mei-Hui Yue
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Kai-Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jiu-Ye Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xin-Yue Lv
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Ke Xi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Ya-Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jia-Ni Fan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Hua-Li Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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Becker J, Effraim PR, Dib-Hajj S, Rittner HL. Lessons learned in translating pain knowledge into practice. Pain Rep 2023; 8:e1100. [PMID: 37928204 PMCID: PMC10624476 DOI: 10.1097/pr9.0000000000001100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction During the past 2 decades, basic research deciphering the underlying mechanisms of nociception and chronic pain was thought to finally step beyond opioids and nonsteroidals and provide patients with new analgesics. But apart from calcitonin gene-related peptide antagonists, nothing arrived in hands of clinicians. Objectives To present existing evidence of 3 representative target molecules in the development of novel pain treatment that, so far, did not result in approved drugs. Methods This Clinical Update aligns with the 2022 IASP Global Year Translating Pain Knowledge into Practice and selectively reviews best available evidence and practice. Results We highlight 3 targets: a ion channel, a neuronal growth factor, and a neuropeptide to explore why these drug targets have been dropped in clinical phase II-III trials. Antibodies to nerve growth factor had very good effects in musculoskeletal pain but resulted into more patients requiring joint replacements. Blockers of NaV1.7 were often not effective enough-at least if patients were not stratified. Blockers of neurokinin receptor were similarly not successful enough. In general, failure was most often to the result of a lack of effect and to a lesser extend because of unexpected severe side effects. However, all studies and trials lead to an enormous move in the scientific community to better preclinical models and testing as well as revised methods to molecularly phenotype and stratify patients. Conclusion All stakeholders in the process can help in the future: better preclinical studies, phenotyping and stratifying patients, and participation in clinical trials to move the discovery of analgesics forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Becker
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Pain Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Philip R. Effraim
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neuroscience & Regeneration Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sulayman Dib-Hajj
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neuroscience & Regeneration Research, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Rehabilitation Research Center, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Heike L. Rittner
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Pain Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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MacDonald DI, Jayabalan M, Seaman J, Nickolls A, Chesler A. Pain persists in mice lacking both Substance P and CGRPα signaling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.15.567208. [PMID: 38076807 PMCID: PMC10705526 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.15.567208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
The neuropeptides Substance P and CGRPα have long been thought important for pain sensation. Both peptides and their receptors are expressed at high levels in pain-responsive neurons from the periphery to the brain making them attractive therapeutic targets. However, drugs targeting these pathways individually did not relieve pain in clinical trials. Since Substance P and CGRPα are extensively co-expressed we hypothesized that their simultaneous inhibition would be required for effective analgesia. We therefore generated Tac1 and Calca double knockout (DKO) mice and assessed their behavior using a wide range of pain-relevant assays. As expected, Substance P and CGRPα peptides were undetectable throughout the nervous system of DKO mice. To our surprise, these animals displayed largely intact responses to mechanical, thermal, chemical, and visceral pain stimuli, as well as itch. Moreover, chronic inflammatory pain and neurogenic inflammation were unaffected by loss of the two peptides. Finally, neuropathic pain evoked by nerve injury or chemotherapy treatment was also preserved in peptide-deficient mice. Thus, our results demonstrate that even in combination, Substance P and CGRPα are not required for the transmission of acute and chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald Iain MacDonald
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Monessha Jayabalan
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Jonathan Seaman
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Alec Nickolls
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Alexander Chesler
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
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Borbély É, Kecskés A, Kun J, Kepe E, Fülöp B, Kovács-Rozmer K, Scheich B, Renner É, Palkovits M, Helyes Z. Hemokinin-1 is a mediator of chronic restraint stress-induced pain. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20030. [PMID: 37973885 PMCID: PMC10654722 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46402-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The Tac4 gene-derived hemokinin-1 (HK-1) binds to the NK1 receptor, similarly to Substance P, and plays a role in acute stress reactions and pain transmission in mice. Here we investigated Tac4 mRNA expression in stress and pain-related regions and its involvement in chronic restraint stress-evoked behavioral changes and pain using Tac4 gene-deleted (Tac4-/-) mice compared to C57Bl/6 wildtypes (WT). Tac4 mRNA was detected by in situ hybridization RNAscope technique. Touch sensitivity was assessed by esthesiometry, cold tolerance by paw withdrawal latency from 0°C water. Anxiety was evaluated in the light-dark box (LDB) and open field test (OFT), depression-like behavior in the tail suspension test (TST). Adrenal and thymus weights were measured at the end of the experiment. We found abundant Tac4 expression in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, but Tac4 mRNA was also detected in the hippocampus, amygdala, somatosensory and piriform cortices in mice, and in the frontal regions and the amygdala in humans. In Tac4-/- mice of both sexes, stress-induced mechanical, but not cold hyperalgesia was significantly decreased compared to WTs. Stress-induced behavioral alterations were mild or absent in male WT animals, while significant changes of these parameters could be detected in females. Thymus weight decrease can be observed in both sexes. Higher baseline anxiety and depression-like behaviors were detected in male but not in female HK-1-deficient mice, highlighting the importance of investigating both sexes in preclinical studies. We provided the first evidence for the potent nociceptive and stress regulating effects of HK-1 in chronic restraint stress paradigm. Identification of its targets might open new perspectives for therapy of stress-induced pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Borbély
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
- Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Angéla Kecskés
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - József Kun
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Eszter Kepe
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Barbara Fülöp
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Katalin Kovács-Rozmer
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Chronic Pain Research Group, Hungarian Research Network, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Bálint Scheich
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Renner
- Human Brain Tissue Bank, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Palkovits
- Human Brain Tissue Bank, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- PharmInVivo Ltd, Pécs, Hungary
- Chronic Pain Research Group, Hungarian Research Network, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory for Drug Research and Development, Magyar Tudósok Krt. 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
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Mishra S, Rout M, Singh MK, Dehury B, Pati S. Illuminating the structural basis of human neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) antagonism through classical all-atoms molecular dynamics simulations. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:1848-1869. [PMID: 37942587 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Advances in structural biology have bestowed insights into the pleiotropic effects of neurokinin 1 receptors (NK1R) in diverse patho-physiological processes, thereby highlighting the potential therapeutic value of antagonists directed against NK1R. Herein, we investigate the mode of antagonist recognition to discern the obscure atomic facets germane for the function and molecular determinants of NK1R. To commence discernment of potent antagonists and the conformational changes in NK1R, induced upon antagonist binding, state-of-the-art classical all-atoms molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in lipid mimetic bilayers have been utilized. MD simulations of structural ensembles reveals the involvement of TM5 and TM6 in tight anchoring of antagonists through a network of interhelical hydrogen-bonds, while, the extracellular loop 2 (ECL2) governs the overall size and nature of the pocket, thereby modulating NK1R. Consistent comparison between experiments and MD simulation results discerns the predominant role of TM3, TM4, and TM6 in lipid-NK1R interaction. Correlation between hydrophobic index and helicity of TM domains elucidates their importance in maintaining the structural stability in addition to regulating NK1R antagonism. Taken together, we anticipate that our computational study marks a comprehensive structural basis of NK1R antagonism in lipid bilayers, which may facilitate designing of new therapeutics against associated diseases targeting human neurokinin receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarbani Mishra
- Bioinformatics Division, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Madhusmita Rout
- Bioinformatics Division, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Mahender Kumar Singh
- Data Science Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Budheswar Dehury
- Bioinformatics Division, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sanghamitra Pati
- Bioinformatics Division, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Barrett JE, Shekarabi A, Inan S. Oxycodone: A Current Perspective on Its Pharmacology, Abuse, and Pharmacotherapeutic Developments. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:1062-1118. [PMID: 37321860 PMCID: PMC10595024 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxycodone, a semisynthetic derivative of naturally occurring thebaine, an opioid alkaloid, has been available for more than 100 years. Although thebaine cannot be used therapeutically due to the occurrence of convulsions at higher doses, it has been converted to a number of other widely used compounds that include naloxone, naltrexone, buprenorphine, and oxycodone. Despite the early identification of oxycodone, it was not until the 1990s that clinical studies began to explore its analgesic efficacy. These studies were followed by the pursuit of several preclinical studies to examine the analgesic effects and abuse liability of oxycodone in laboratory animals and the subjective effects in human volunteers. For a number of years oxycodone was at the forefront of the opioid crisis, playing a significant role in contributing to opioid misuse and abuse, with suggestions that it led to transitioning to other opioids. Several concerns were expressed as early as the 1940s that oxycodone had significant abuse potential similar to heroin and morphine. Both animal and human abuse liability studies have confirmed, and in some cases amplified, these early warnings. Despite sharing a similar structure with morphine and pharmacological actions also mediated by the μ-opioid receptor, there are several differences in the pharmacology and neurobiology of oxycodone. The data that have emerged from the many efforts to analyze the pharmacological and molecular mechanism of oxycodone have generated considerable insight into its many actions, reviewed here, which, in turn, have provided new information on opioid receptor pharmacology. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Oxycodone, a μ-opioid receptor agonist, was synthesized in 1916 and introduced into clinical use in Germany in 1917. It has been studied extensively as a therapeutic analgesic for acute and chronic neuropathic pain as an alternative to morphine. Oxycodone emerged as a drug with widespread abuse. This article brings together an integrated, detailed review of the pharmacology of oxycodone, preclinical and clinical studies of pain and abuse, and recent advances to identify potential opioid analgesics without abuse liability.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Barrett
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Aryan Shekarabi
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Saadet Inan
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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9
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Kaczmarska A, Kwiatkowska D, Skrzypek KK, Kowalewski ZT, Jaworecka K, Reich A. Pathomechanism of Pruritus in Psoriasis and Atopic Dermatitis: Novel Approaches, Similarities and Differences. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14734. [PMID: 37834183 PMCID: PMC10573181 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pruritus is defined as an unpleasant sensation that elicits a desire to scratch. Nearly a third of the world's population may suffer from pruritus during their lifetime. This symptom is widely observed in numerous inflammatory skin diseases-e.g., approximately 70-90% of patients with psoriasis and almost every patient with atopic dermatitis suffer from pruritus. Although the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis is different, the complex intricacies between several biochemical mediators, enzymes, and pathways seem to play a crucial role in both conditions. Despite the high prevalence of pruritus in the general population, the pathogenesis of this symptom in various conditions remains elusive. This review aims to summarize current knowledge about the pathogenesis of pruritus in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Each molecule involved in the pruritic pathway would merit a separate chapter or even an entire book, however, in the current review we have concentrated on some reports which we found crucial in the understanding of pruritus. However, the pathomechanism of pruritus is an extremely complex and intricate process. Moreover, many of these signaling pathways are currently undergoing detailed analysis or are still unexplained. As a result, it is currently difficult to take an objective view of how far we have come in elucidating the pathogenesis of pruritus in the described diseases. Nevertheless, considerable progress has been made in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kaczmarska
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-055 Rzeszów, Poland; (A.K.); (D.K.); (K.J.)
| | - Dominika Kwiatkowska
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-055 Rzeszów, Poland; (A.K.); (D.K.); (K.J.)
| | | | | | - Kamila Jaworecka
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-055 Rzeszów, Poland; (A.K.); (D.K.); (K.J.)
| | - Adam Reich
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-055 Rzeszów, Poland; (A.K.); (D.K.); (K.J.)
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Han DS, Lee CH, Shieh YD, Chang KV, Lin SH, Chu YC, Wang JL, Chen CC. Involvement of ASIC3 and Substance P in Therapeutic Ultrasound-Mediated Analgesia in Mouse Models of Fibromyalgia. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2023; 24:1493-1505. [PMID: 37054767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic ultrasound (tUS) is widely used in chronic muscle pain control. However, its analgesic molecular mechanism is still not known. Our objective is to reveal the mechanism of the tUS-induced analgesia in mouse models of fibromyalgia. We applied tUS in mice that have developed chronic hyperalgesia induced by intramuscular acidification and determined the tUS frequency at 3 MHz, dosage at 1 W/cm2 (measured output as 6.3 mW/cm2) and 100% duty cycle for 3 minutes having the best analgesic effect. Pharmacological and genetic approaches were used to probe the molecular determinants involved in tUS-mediated analgesia. A second mouse model of fibromyalgia induced by intermittent cold stress was further used to validate the mechanism underlying the tUS-mediated analgesia. The tUS-mediated analgesia was abolished by a pretreatment of NK1 receptor antagonist-RP-67580 or knockout of substance P (Tac1-/-). Besides, the tUS-mediated analgesia was abolished by ASIC3-selective antagonist APETx2 but not TRPV1-selective antagonist capsazepine, suggesting a role for ASIC3. Moreover, the tUS-mediated analgesia was attenuated by ASIC3-selective nonsteroid anti-inflammation drugs (NSAIDs)-aspirin and diclofenac but not by ASIC1a-selective ibuprofen. We next validated the antinociceptive role of substance P signaling in the model induced by intermittent cold stress, in which tUS-mediated analgesia was abolished in mice lacking substance P, NK1R, Asic1a, Asic2b, or Asic3 gene. tUS treatment could activate ASIC3-containing channels in muscle afferents to release substance P intramuscularly and exert an analgesic effect in mouse models of fibromyalgia. NSAIDs should be cautiously used or avoided in the tUS treatment. PERSPECTIVE: Therapeutic ultrasound showed analgesic effects against chronic mechanical hyperalgesia in the mouse model of fibromyalgia through the signaling pathways involving substance P and ASIC3-containing ion channels in muscle afferents. NSAIDs should be cautiously used during tUS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Der-Sheng Han
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Beihu Branch, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Health Science and Wellness Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Han Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Dar Shieh
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ke-Vin Chang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Beihu Branch, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Hong Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Cherng Chu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Lin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Taiwan Mouse Clinic, Biomedical Translational Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Neuroscience Program of Academia Sinica, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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11
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Müller H, Herzberg D, Chihuailaf R, Strobel P, Werner M, Bustamante H. Changes in Dynamic Thiol/Disulfide Homeostasis, and Substance P, B-Endorphin and α-Tocopherol Concentrations in the Spinal Cord of Chronically Lame Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13101620. [PMID: 37238050 DOI: 10.3390/ani13101620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Initial lameness inflammation leads to chronic lameness and development of chronic pain due to the release of pro-inflammatory mediators such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are implicated in the transition from acute to chronic pain, and free radical scavengers countering thiol, substance P (SP), and β-endorphin (BE). The present study aimed to evaluate the dynamic thiol-disulfide homeostasis, α-tocopherol concentrations and SP and BE concentrations in the spinal cord of chronically lame dairy cows. Ten lame and 10 non-lame cows with a parity range of 2-6 were selected for the study. Lame cows had a history of up to 3 months of lameness. Spinal cord samples were obtained from the L2 to L4 lumbar vertebrae aspect of each animal. A thiol-disulfide homeostasis assay was performed using absorbance, and the α-tocopherol concentration was determined by HPLC. SP and BE concentrations were measured using ELISA kits. The results indicated that SP and BE were significantly higher in the spinal cord of lame cows. In contrast, disulfide levels and α-tocopherol concentrations were significantly lower in the spinal cord of lame cows. In conclusion, disulfide levels and α-tocopherol concentrations indicated a defective antioxidant response in cows with chronic lameness. The results of SP and BE concentrations suggested chronic pain and a defective endogenous analgesic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heine Müller
- Graduate School, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
- Veterinary Clinical Hospital, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar 2571959, Chile
| | - Daniel Herzberg
- Graduate School, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
| | - Ricardo Chihuailaf
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
| | - Pablo Strobel
- Animal Science Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
| | - Marianne Werner
- Animal Science Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
| | - Hedie Bustamante
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
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12
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Mistareehi A, Bendowski KT, Bizanti A, Madas J, Zhang Y, Kwiat AM, Nguyen D, Kogut N, Ma J, Chen J, Cheng ZJ. Topographical distribution and morphology of SP-IR axons in the antrum, pylorus, and duodenum of mice. Auton Neurosci 2023; 246:103074. [PMID: 36804650 PMCID: PMC10515648 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2023.103074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Substance-P (SP) is a commonly used marker of nociceptive afferent axons, and it plays an important role in a variety of physiological functions including the regulation of motility, gut secretion, and vascular flow. Previously, we found that SP-immunoreactive (SP-IR) axons densely innervated the pyloric antrum of the flat-mount of the mouse whole stomach muscular layer. However, the regional distribution and morphology of SP-IR axons in the submucosa and mucosa were not well documented. In this study, the mouse antrum-pylorus-duodenum (APD) were transversely and longitudinally sectioned. A Zeiss M2 imager was used to scan the serial sections of each APD (each section montage consisted of 50-100 all-in-focus maximal projection images). To determine the detailed structures of SP-IR axons and terminals, we used the confocal microscope to scan the regions of interest. We found that 1) SP-IR axons innervated the muscular, submucosal, and mucosal layers. 2) In the muscular layer, SP-IR varicose axons densely innervated the muscles and formed varicose terminals which encircled myenteric neurons. 3) In the submucosa, SP-IR axons innervated blood vessels and submucosal ganglia and formed a network in Brunner's glands. 4) In the mucosa, SP-IR axons innervated the muscularis mucosae. Some SP-IR axons entered the lamina propria. 5) The muscular layer of the antrum and duodenum showed a higher SP-IR axon density than the pyloric sphincter. 6) SP-IR axons were from extrinsic and intrinsic origins. This work provided a comprehensive view of the distribution and morphology of SP-IR axons in the APD at single cell/axon/varicosity scale. This data will be used to create a 3D scaffold of the SP-IR axon innervation of the APD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas Mistareehi
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, United States of America
| | - Kohlton T Bendowski
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, United States of America
| | - Ariege Bizanti
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, United States of America
| | - Jazune Madas
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, United States of America
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, United States of America
| | - Andrew M Kwiat
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, United States of America
| | - Duyen Nguyen
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, United States of America
| | - Nicole Kogut
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, United States of America
| | - Jichao Ma
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, United States of America
| | - Jin Chen
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, United States of America
| | - Zixi Jack Cheng
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, United States of America.
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Electroacupuncture Alleviates Diabetic Neuropathic Pain and Downregulates p-PKC and TRPV1 in Dorsal Root Ganglions and Spinal Cord Dorsal Horn. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 2023:3333563. [PMID: 36777630 PMCID: PMC9918371 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3333563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) is a common complication of diabetes. Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced changes of protein in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and spinal cord dorsal horn (SCDH) are critical for DNP genesis. However, which proteins change remains elusive. Here, the DNP model was established by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ, accompanied by increased fasting blood glucose (FBG), decreased body weight (BW), and decreased paw withdrawal latency (PWL). Proteins change in L4-L6 DRGs and SCDH of rats were detected. Western blot and immunofluorescence results showed that expression levels of phosphorylated protein kinase C (p-PKC), transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1), Substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the DRG and the SCDH of rats were increased after STZ injection. A preliminary study from our previous study showed that 2 Hz electroacupuncture (EA) effectively alleviates DNP. However, the analgesic mechanism of EA needs further elucidation. Here, EA at the bilateral Zusanli (ST36) and KunLun (BL60) acupoints was applied for one week, and to investigate the effect on DNP. EA reversed thermal hyperalgesia in DNP rats and downregulated the expression of p-PKC, TRPV1, SP, and CGRP in DRG and SCDH.
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14
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Suthiram J, Pieters A, Mohamed Moosa Z, Zeevaart JR, Sathekge MM, Ebenhan T, Anderson RC, Newton CL. Tachykinin Receptor-Selectivity of the Potential Glioblastoma-Targeted Therapy, DOTA-[Thi 8,Met(O 2) 11]-Substance P. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2134. [PMID: 36768456 PMCID: PMC9916806 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiopharmaceutical development hinges on the affinity and selectivity of the biological component for the intended target. An analogue of the neuropeptide Substance P (SP), 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid-[Thi8,Met(O2)11]-SP (DOTA-[Thi8,Met(O2)11]SP), in the theranostic pair [68Ga]Ga-/ [213Bi]Bi-DOTA-[Thi8,Met(O2)11]SP has shown promising clinical results in the treatment of inoperable glioblastoma. As the theranostic targeting component, modifications to SP that affect the selectivity of the resulting analogue for the intended target (neurokinin-1 receptor [NK1R]) could be detrimental to its therapeutic potential. In addition to other closely related tachykinin receptors (neurokinin-2 receptor [NK2R] and neurokinin-3 receptor [NK3R]), SP can activate a mast cell expressed receptor Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor subtype 2 (MRGPRX2), which has been implicated in allergic-type reactions. Therefore, activation of these receptors by SP analogues has severe implications for their therapeutic potential. Here, the receptor selectivity of DOTA-[Thi8,Met(O2)11]SP was examined using inositol phosphate accumulation assay in HEK293-T cells expressing NK1R, NK2R, NK3R or MRGPRX2. DOTA-[Thi8,Met(O2)11]SP had similar efficacy and potency as native SP at NK1R, but displayed greater NK1R selectivity. DOTA-[Thi8,Met(O2)11]SP was unable to elicit significant activation of the other tachykinin receptors nor MRGPRX2 at high concentrations nor did it display antagonistic behaviour at these receptors. DOTA-[Thi8,Met(O2)11]SP, therefore has high potency and selectivity for NK1R, supporting its potential for targeted theranostic use in glioblastoma multiforme and other conditions characterised by NK1R overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Suthiram
- Department of Radiochemistry, The South African Nuclear Energy Corporation SOC Ltd. (Necsa), Brits 0240, South Africa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Gezina 0031, South Africa
| | - Ané Pieters
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Gezina 0031, South Africa
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Gezina 0031, South Africa
| | - Zulfiah Mohamed Moosa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Gezina 0031, South Africa
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Gezina 0031, South Africa
| | - Jan Rijn Zeevaart
- Department of Radiochemistry, The South African Nuclear Energy Corporation SOC Ltd. (Necsa), Brits 0240, South Africa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Gezina 0031, South Africa
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure NPC, Level 5 Bridge A, Capital Park, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Mike M. Sathekge
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Gezina 0031, South Africa
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure NPC, Level 5 Bridge A, Capital Park, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Private Bag X169, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Thomas Ebenhan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Gezina 0031, South Africa
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure NPC, Level 5 Bridge A, Capital Park, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Ross C. Anderson
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Gezina 0031, South Africa
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Gezina 0031, South Africa
| | - Claire L. Newton
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X323, Gezina 0031, South Africa
- Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
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15
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Knezevic NN, Nader A, Pirvulescu I, Pynadath A, Rahavard BB, Candido KD. Circadian pain patterns in human pain conditions - A systematic review. Pain Pract 2023; 23:94-109. [PMID: 35869813 PMCID: PMC10086940 DOI: 10.1111/papr.13149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronobiology is the science of how physiological processes in the body follow a pattern of time. Pain has been shown to follow a circadian rhythm, with different types of pain having variable expression along this rhythm. OBJECTIVE This article reviews the nature of diurnal variations in pain along with a discussion of the mechanisms of circadian rhythm of pain. EVIDENCE REVIEW We conducted a literature search on the PubMed and Google Scholar electronic databases, through April 2022. Publications were screened for English language, full-text availability, and human subjects. Randomized controlled trials and observational trials were included. Data were extracted from studies on patients with acute or chronic pain phenotypes, which provide pain severity data and corresponding diurnal time points. FINDINGS The literature search led to the inclusion of 39 studies. A circadian pattern of pain was found to be present in nociceptive, neuropathic, central, and mixed pain states. Postoperative pain, fibromyalgia, trigeminal neuralgia, and migraines were associated with higher pain scores in the morning. Temporomandibular joint pain, neuropathic pain, labor pain, biliary colic, and cluster headaches increased throughout the day to reach a peak in the evening or night. Arthritis and cancer pain were not associated with any circadian rhythmicity. Furthermore, the circadian rhythm of pain was not found to be altered in patients on analgesics. CONCLUSION The results of this review suggest that an understanding of diurnal variation may help improve therapeutic strategies in pain management, for instance through analgesic titration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nebojsa Nick Knezevic
- Department of Anesthesiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Anthony Nader
- Department of Anesthesiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Iulia Pirvulescu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Aby Pynadath
- Department of Anesthesiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Behnoosh B Rahavard
- Department of Anesthesiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kenneth D Candido
- Department of Anesthesiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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16
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Neurobiological Basis of Aversion-Resistant Ethanol Seeking in C. elegans. Metabolites 2022; 13:metabo13010062. [PMID: 36676987 PMCID: PMC9861758 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent alcohol seeking despite the risk of aversive consequences is a crucial characteristic of alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Therefore, an improved understanding of the molecular basis of alcohol seeking despite aversive stimuli or punishment in animal models is an important strategy to understand the mechanism that underpins the pathology of AUDs. Aversion-resistant seeking (ARS) is characterized by disruption in control of alcohol use featured by an imbalance between the urge for alcohol and the mediation of aversive stimuli. We exploited C. elegans, a genetically tractable invertebrate, as a model to elucidate genetic components related to this behavior. We assessed the seb-3 neuropeptide system and its transcriptional regulation to progress aversion-resistant ethanol seeking at the system level. Our functional genomic approach preferentially selected molecular components thought to be involved in cholesterol metabolism, and an orthogonal test defined functional roles in ARS through behavioral elucidation. Our findings suggest that fmo-2 (flavin-containing monooxygenase-2) plays a role in the progression of aversion-resistant ethanol seeking in C. elegans.
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17
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Prognostic Significance of Substance P and Neurokinin-1 Receptor in Bladder Cancer. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 11:411-420. [PMID: 36718293 PMCID: PMC9883027 DOI: 10.52547/rbmb.11.3.411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Bladder cancer is one of the most common genitourinary cancers with significant mortality. Finding reliable tumor markers and potential drug targets can improve early diagnosis, prognosis, and more effective therapeutic protocols. Previous studies have reported the involvement of the substance P (SP)/neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R) system in cancers. The potential prognostic role and the interaction of SP and NK-1R in bladder tumor are yet to be elucidated. Methods Serum samples from 22 primarily diagnosed patients with bladder cancer as well as 22 healthy controls were examined for SP level using ELISA method. Tissue distribution of NK-1R in tumor samples and their adjacent normal tissues was evaluated through immunohistochemistry. Results Serum SP levels in patients with bladder cancer were higher than the healthy group (p< 0.001) and had a significant correlation with NK-1R staining intensity (p< 0.001), percentage of stained cells (p< 0.001), and NK-1R tissue distribution. Also, the immunoreactivity of NK-1R in cancer samples increased significantly without correlation with tumor characteristics. However, no significant association was found between SP and NK-1R levels with clinical characteristics including tumor size (p= 0.33), tumor stage (p= 0.29), grade (p= 0.93), NK-1R staining intensity (p= 0.53), and percentage of stained cells (p= 0.32). Discussion According to our findings, despite the lack of association between SP and NK-1R with clinical characteristics of bladder cancer, their serum levels were higher in patients with bladder cancer. Further studies are needed to confirm the potential prognostic role of SP and NK-1R in bladder cancer.
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18
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Asiedu K. Role of ocular surface neurobiology in neuronal-mediated inflammation in dry eye disease. Neuropeptides 2022; 95:102266. [PMID: 35728484 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2022.102266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is the consequence of dry eye disease regardless of its etiology. Several injurious or harmless processes to the ocular surface neurons promote ocular surface neurogenic inflammation, leading to the vicious cycle of dry eye disease. These processes include the regular release of neuromediators during the conduction of ocular surface sensations, hyperosmolarity-induced ocular surface neuronal damage, neuro-regenerative activities, and neuronal-mediated dendritic cell activities. Neurogenic inflammation appears to be the main culprit, instigating the self-perpetuating inflammation observed in patients with dry eye disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kofi Asiedu
- School of Optometry & Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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19
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Palavicino-Maggio CB, Sengupta S. The Neuromodulatory Basis of Aggression: Lessons From the Humble Fruit Fly. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:836666. [PMID: 35517573 PMCID: PMC9062135 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.836666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggression is an intrinsic trait that organisms of almost all species, humans included, use to get access to food, shelter, and mating partners. To maximize fitness in the wild, an organism must vary the intensity of aggression toward the same or different stimuli. How much of this variation is genetic and how much is externally induced, is largely unknown but is likely to be a combination of both. Irrespective of the source, one of the principal physiological mechanisms altering the aggression intensity involves neuromodulation. Any change or variation in aggression intensity is most likely governed by a complex interaction of several neuromodulators acting via a meshwork of neural circuits. Resolving aggression-specific neural circuits in a mammalian model has proven challenging due to the highly complex nature of the mammalian brain. In that regard, the fruit fly model Drosophila melanogaster has provided insights into the circuit-driven mechanisms of aggression regulation and its underlying neuromodulatory basis. Despite morphological dissimilarities, the fly brain shares striking similarities with the mammalian brain in genes, neuromodulatory systems, and circuit-organization, making the findings from the fly model extremely valuable for understanding the fundamental circuit logic of human aggression. This review discusses our current understanding of how neuromodulators regulate aggression based on findings from the fruit fly model. We specifically focus on the roles of Serotonin (5-HT), Dopamine (DA), Octopamine (OA), Acetylcholine (ACTH), Sex Peptides (SP), Tachykinin (TK), Neuropeptide F (NPF), and Drosulfakinin (Dsk) in fruit fly male and female aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline B Palavicino-Maggio
- Basic Neuroscience Division, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Saheli Sengupta
- Basic Neuroscience Division, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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20
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Phillips RA, Tuscher JJ, Black SL, Andraka E, Fitzgerald ND, Ianov L, Day JJ. An atlas of transcriptionally defined cell populations in the rat ventral tegmental area. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110616. [PMID: 35385745 PMCID: PMC10888206 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The ventral tegmental area (VTA) is a complex brain region that is essential for reward function and frequently implicated in neuropsychiatric disease. While decades of research on VTA function have focused on dopamine neurons, recent evidence has identified critical roles for GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons in reward processes. Additionally, although subsets of VTA neurons express genes involved in the synthesis and transport of multiple neurotransmitters, characterization of these combinatorial populations has largely relied on low-throughput methods. To comprehensively define the molecular architecture of the VTA, we performed single-nucleus RNA sequencing on 21,600 cells from the rat VTA. Analysis of neuronal subclusters identifies selective markers for dopamine and combinatorial neurons, reveals expression profiles for receptors targeted by drugs of abuse, and demonstrates population-specific enrichment of gene sets linked to brain disorders. These results highlight the heterogeneity of the VTA and provide a resource for further exploration of VTA gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Phillips
- Department of Neurobiology & Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jennifer J Tuscher
- Department of Neurobiology & Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Samantha L Black
- Department of Neurobiology & Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Emma Andraka
- Department of Neurobiology & Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - N Dalton Fitzgerald
- Department of Neurobiology & Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Lara Ianov
- Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jeremy J Day
- Department of Neurobiology & Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Sergeeva OA, Mazur K, Kernder A, Haas HL, De Luca R. Tachykinins amplify the action of capsaicin on central histaminergic neurons. Peptides 2022; 150:170729. [PMID: 34958850 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Substance P (SP), a product of the tachykinin 1 (Tac1) gene, is expressed in many hypothalamic neurons. Its wake-promoting potential could be mediated through histaminergic (HA) neurons of the tuberomamillary nucleus (TMN), where functional expression of neurokinin receptors (NKRs) waits to be characterized. As in the process of nociception in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) capsaicin-receptor (transient potential vanilloid 1: TRPV1) signalling is amplified by local release of histamine and SP, we tested the involvement of tachykinins in the capsaicin-induced long-lasting enhancement (LLEcaps) of HA neurons firing by investigating selective neurokinin receptor ligands in the hypothalamic mouse brain slice preparation using patch-clamp recordings in cell-attached mode combined with single-cell RT-PCR. We report that the majority of HA neurons respond to SP (EC50 3 nM), express the SP precursor tachykinin 1 (Tac1) gene and at least one of the neurokinin receptors. Responses to selective agonists of three known neurokinin receptors were sensitive to corresponding antagonists. LLEcaps was significantly impaired by the neurokinin receptor antagonists, indicating that in hypothalamus, as in the PNS, release of tachykinins downstream to TRPV1 activation is able to boost the release of histamine. The excitatory action of SP on histaminergic neurons adds another pathway to the noradrenergic and orexinergic ones to synergistically enhance cortical arousal. We show NK1R to play a prominent role on HA neurons and thus the control of wakefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Sergeeva
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology (ICNMP), Group of Molecular Neurophysiology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Medical Faculty, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neural and Sensory Physiology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Medical Faculty, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - K Mazur
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology (ICNMP), Group of Molecular Neurophysiology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Medical Faculty, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - A Kernder
- Institute of Neural and Sensory Physiology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Medical Faculty, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - H L Haas
- Institute of Neural and Sensory Physiology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Medical Faculty, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - R De Luca
- Institute of Neural and Sensory Physiology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Medical Faculty, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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22
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Salim C, Kan AK, Batsaikhan E, Patterson EC, Jee C. Neuropeptidergic regulation of compulsive ethanol seeking in C. elegans. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1804. [PMID: 35110557 PMCID: PMC8810865 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05256-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the catastrophic consequences of alcohol abuse, alcohol use disorders (AUD) and comorbidities continue to strain the healthcare system, largely due to the effects of alcohol-seeking behavior. An improved understanding of the molecular basis of alcohol seeking will lead to enriched treatments for these disorders. Compulsive alcohol seeking is characterized by an imbalance between the superior drive to consume alcohol and the disruption or erosion in control of alcohol use. To model the development of compulsive engagement in alcohol seeking, we simultaneously exploited two distinct and conflicting Caenorhabditis elegans behavioral programs, ethanol preference and avoidance of aversive stimulus. We demonstrate that the C. elegans model recapitulated the pivotal features of compulsive alcohol seeking in mammals, specifically repeated attempts, endurance, and finally aversion-resistant alcohol seeking. We found that neuropeptide signaling via SEB-3, a CRF receptor-like GPCR, facilitates the development of ethanol preference and compels animals to seek ethanol compulsively. Furthermore, our functional genomic approach and behavioral elucidation suggest that the SEB-3 regulates another neuropeptidergic signaling, the neurokinin receptor orthologue TKR-1, to facilitate compulsive ethanol-seeking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinnu Salim
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), 71 S. Manassas St., Suite 217, Memphis, TN, 38103, USA
| | - Ann Ke Kan
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), 71 S. Manassas St., Suite 217, Memphis, TN, 38103, USA
| | - Enkhzul Batsaikhan
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), 71 S. Manassas St., Suite 217, Memphis, TN, 38103, USA
| | - E Clare Patterson
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), 71 S. Manassas St., Suite 217, Memphis, TN, 38103, USA
| | - Changhoon Jee
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), 71 S. Manassas St., Suite 217, Memphis, TN, 38103, USA.
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23
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Campo A, Dufour S, Rousseau K. Tachykinins, new players in the control of reproduction and food intake: A comparative review in mammals and teleosts. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1056939. [PMID: 36589829 PMCID: PMC9800884 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1056939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In vertebrates, the tachykinin system includes tachykinin genes, which encode one or two peptides each, and tachykinin receptors. The complexity of this system is reinforced by the massive conservation of gene duplicates after the whole-genome duplication events that occurred in vertebrates and furthermore in teleosts. Added to this, the expression of the tachykinin system is more widespread than first thought, being found beyond the brain and gut. The discovery of the co-expression of neurokinin B, encoded by the tachykinin 3 gene, and kisspeptin/dynorphin in neurons involved in the generation of GnRH pulse, in mammals, put a spotlight on the tachykinin system in vertebrate reproductive physiology. As food intake and reproduction are linked processes, and considering that hypothalamic hormones classically involved in the control of reproduction are reported to regulate also appetite and energy homeostasis, it is of interest to look at the potential involvement of tachykinins in these two major physiological functions. The purpose of this review is thus to provide first a general overview of the tachykinin system in mammals and teleosts, before giving a state of the art on the different levels of action of tachykinins in the control of reproduction and food intake. This work has been conducted with a comparative point of view, highlighting the major similarities and differences of tachykinin systems and actions between mammals and teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Campo
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Research Unit Unité Mixte de Recherche Biologie des Organsimes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (UMR BOREA), Biology of Aquatic Organisms and Ecosystems, Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développemen (IRD), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Volcani Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeTsion, Israel
| | - Sylvie Dufour
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Research Unit Unité Mixte de Recherche Biologie des Organsimes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (UMR BOREA), Biology of Aquatic Organisms and Ecosystems, Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développemen (IRD), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Karine Rousseau
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Research Unit Unité Mixte de Recherche Biologie des Organsimes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (UMR BOREA), Biology of Aquatic Organisms and Ecosystems, Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développemen (IRD), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Research Unit PhyMA Physiologie Moléculaire et Adaptation CNRS, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Karine Rousseau,
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24
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Wistrom E, Chase R, Smith PR, Campbell ZT. A compendium of validated pain genes. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1570. [PMID: 35760453 PMCID: PMC9787016 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel pain therapeutics hinges on the identification and rigorous validation of potential targets. Model organisms provide a means to test the involvement of specific genes and regulatory elements in pain. Here we provide a list of genes linked to pain-associated behaviors. We capitalize on results spanning over three decades to identify a set of 242 genes. They support a remarkable diversity of functions spanning action potential propagation, immune response, GPCR signaling, enzymatic catalysis, nucleic acid regulation, and intercellular signaling. Making use of existing tissue and single-cell high-throughput RNA sequencing datasets, we examine their patterns of expression. For each gene class, we discuss archetypal members, with an emphasis on opportunities for additional experimentation. Finally, we discuss how powerful and increasingly ubiquitous forward genetic screening approaches could be used to improve our ability to identify pain genes. This article is categorized under: Neurological Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics Neurological Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Wistrom
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Texas at DallasRichardsonTexasUSA
| | - Rebecca Chase
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Texas at DallasRichardsonTexasUSA
| | - Patrick R. Smith
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Texas at DallasRichardsonTexasUSA
| | - Zachary T. Campbell
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Texas at DallasRichardsonTexasUSA,Center for Advanced Pain StudiesUniversity of Texas at DallasRichardsonTexasUSA
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25
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Stanford SC. Animal Models of ADHD? Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2022; 57:363-393. [PMID: 35604570 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2022_342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To describe animals that express abnormal behaviors as a model of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) implies that the abnormalities are analogous to those expressed by ADHD patients. The diagnostic features of ADHD comprise inattentiveness, impulsivity, and hyperactivity and so these behaviors are fundamental for validation of any animal model of this disorder. Several experimental interventions such as neurotoxic lesion of neonatal rats with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), genetic alterations, or selective inbreeding of rodents have produced animals that express each of these impairments to some extent. This article appraises the validity of claims that these procedures have produced a model of ADHD, which is essential if they are to be used to investigate the underlying cause(s) of ADHD and its abnormal neurobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Clare Stanford
- Department of Neuroscience Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK.
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26
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Thom C, Ehrenmann J, Vacca S, Waltenspühl Y, Schöppe J, Medalia O, Plückthun A. Structures of neurokinin 1 receptor in complex with G q and G s proteins reveal substance P binding mode and unique activation features. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabk2872. [PMID: 34878828 PMCID: PMC8654284 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk2872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) is involved in inflammation and pain transmission. This pathophysiologically important G protein–coupled receptor is predominantly activated by its cognate agonist substance P (SP) but also by the closely related neurokinins A and B. Here, we report cryo–electron microscopy structures of SP-bound NK1R in complex with its primary downstream signal mediators, Gq and Gs. Our structures reveal how a polar network at the extracellular, solvent-exposed receptor surface shapes the orthosteric pocket and that NK1R adopts a noncanonical active-state conformation with an interface for G protein binding, which is distinct from previously reported structures. Detailed comparisons with antagonist-bound NK1R crystal structures reveal that insurmountable antagonists induce a distinct and long-lasting receptor conformation that sterically blocks SP binding. Together, our structures provide important structural insights into ligand and G protein promiscuity, the lack of basal signaling, and agonist- and antagonist-induced conformations in the neurokinin receptor family.
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27
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Kang DW, Choi JG, Kim J, Park JB, Lee JH, Kim HW. Bee venom reduces burn-induced pain via the suppression of peripheral and central substance P expression in mice. J Vet Sci 2021; 22:e9. [PMID: 33522161 PMCID: PMC7850793 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2021.22.e9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Scalding burn injuries can occur in everyday life but occur more frequently in young children. Therefore, it is important to develop more effective burn treatments. Objectives This study examined the effects of bee venom (BV) stimulation on scalding burn injury-induced nociception in mice as a new treatment for burn pain. Methods To develop a burn injury model, the right hind paw was immersed temporarily in hot water (65°C, 3 seconds). Immediately after the burn, BV (0.01, 0.02, or 0.1 mg/kg) was injected subcutaneously into the ipsilateral knee area once daily for 14 days. A von Frey test was performed to assess the nociceptive response, and the altered walking parameters were evaluated using an automated gait analysis system. In addition, the peripheral and central expression changes in substance P (Sub P) were measured in the dorsal root ganglion and spinal cord by immunofluorescence. Results Repeated BV treatment at the 2 higher doses used in this study (0.02 and 0.1 mg/kg) alleviated the pain responses remarkably and recovered the gait performances to the level of acetaminophen (200 mg/kg, intraperitoneal, once daily), which used as the positive control group. Moreover, BV stimulation had an inhibitory effect on the increased expression of Sub P in the peripheral and central nervous systems by a burn injury. Conclusions These results suggest that a peripheral BV treatment may have positive potency in treating burn-induced pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wook Kang
- Department of Physiology and Medical Science, College of Medicine and Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Jae Gyun Choi
- Department of Physiology and Medical Science, College of Medicine and Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Jaehyuk Kim
- Department of Physiology and Medical Science, College of Medicine and Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Jin Bong Park
- Department of Physiology and Medical Science, College of Medicine and Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Jang Hern Lee
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Kim
- Department of Physiology and Medical Science, College of Medicine and Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea.
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28
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Sánchez JM, Keogh K, Kelly AK, Byrne CJ, Lonergan P, Kenny DA. A high plane of nutrition during early life alters the hypothalamic transcriptome of heifer calves. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13978. [PMID: 34234169 PMCID: PMC8263617 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93080-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to examine the effect of rapid body weight gain during early calfhood consistent with earlier sexual development on the transcriptional profile of the hypothalamus. Angus X Holstein-Friesian heifer calves (19 ± 5 days of age) were offered a high (HI, n = 14) or moderate (MOD, n = 15) plane of nutrition from 3 to 21 weeks of age to achieve a growth rate of 1.2 kg/d and 0.5 kg/d, respectively. Following euthanasia at 21 weeks, the arcuate nucleus (ARC) region was separated from the remainder of the hypothalamus and both were subjected to RNA-Seq. HI calves exhibited altered expression of 80 and 39 transcripts in the ARC and the remaining hypothalamus, respectively (P < 0.05) including downregulation of AGRP and NPY and upregulation of POMC, previously implicated in precocious sexual development. Stress-signaling pathways were amongst the most highly dysregulated. Organ morphology, reproductive system development and function, and developmental disorder were amongst the networks derived from differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the ARC. Gene co-expression analysis revealed DEGs within the ARC (POMC, CBLN2, CHGA) and hypothalamus (PENK) as hub genes. In conclusion, enhanced nutrition during early calfhood alters the biochemical regulation of the hypothalamus consistent with advanced sexual development in the prepubertal heifer.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Sánchez
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Y Tecnología Agraria Y Alimentaria, Ctr. de la Coruña Km 5.9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Kate Keogh
- Teagasc Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - Alan K Kelly
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Colin J Byrne
- Teagasc Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - Pat Lonergan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - David A Kenny
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
- Teagasc Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, Ireland.
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29
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van der Veen B, Kapanaiah SKT, Kilonzo K, Steele-Perkins P, Jendryka MM, Schulz S, Tasic B, Yao Z, Zeng H, Akam T, Nicholson JR, Liss B, Nissen W, Pekcec A, Kätzel D. Control of impulsivity by G i-protein signalling in layer-5 pyramidal neurons of the anterior cingulate cortex. Commun Biol 2021; 4:662. [PMID: 34079054 PMCID: PMC8172539 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02188-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological impulsivity is a debilitating symptom of multiple psychiatric diseases with few effective treatment options. To identify druggable receptors with anti-impulsive action we developed a systematic target discovery approach combining behavioural chemogenetics and gene expression analysis. Spatially restricted inhibition of three subdivisions of the prefrontal cortex of mice revealed that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) regulates premature responding, a form of motor impulsivity. Probing three G-protein cascades with designer receptors, we found that the activation of Gi-signalling in layer-5 pyramidal cells (L5-PCs) of the ACC strongly, reproducibly, and selectively decreased challenge-induced impulsivity. Differential gene expression analysis across murine ACC cell-types and 402 GPCRs revealed that - among Gi-coupled receptor-encoding genes - Grm2 is the most selectively expressed in L5-PCs while alternative targets were scarce. Validating our approach, we confirmed that mGluR2 activation reduced premature responding. These results suggest Gi-coupled receptors in ACC L5-PCs as therapeutic targets for impulse control disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kasyoka Kilonzo
- Institute of Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Stefanie Schulz
- Institute of Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Zizhen Yao
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hongkui Zeng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas Akam
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Janet R Nicholson
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Div. Research Germany, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Birgit Liss
- Institute of Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Linacre College and New College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Wiebke Nissen
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Div. Research Germany, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Anton Pekcec
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Div. Research Germany, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Dennis Kätzel
- Institute of Applied Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
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30
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Fibromyalgia: Pathogenesis, Mechanisms, Diagnosis and Treatment Options Update. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083891. [PMID: 33918736 PMCID: PMC8068842 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibromyalgia is a syndrome characterized by chronic and widespread musculoskeletal pain, often accompanied by other symptoms, such as fatigue, intestinal disorders and alterations in sleep and mood. It is estimated that two to eight percent of the world population is affected by fibromyalgia. From a medical point of view, this pathology still presents inexplicable aspects. It is known that fibromyalgia is caused by a central sensitization phenomenon characterized by the dysfunction of neuro-circuits, which involves the perception, transmission and processing of afferent nociceptive stimuli, with the prevalent manifestation of pain at the level of the locomotor system. In recent years, the pathogenesis of fibromyalgia has also been linked to other factors, such as inflammatory, immune, endocrine, genetic and psychosocial factors. A rheumatologist typically makes a diagnosis of fibromyalgia when the patient describes a history of pain spreading in all quadrants of the body for at least three months and when pain is caused by digital pressure in at least 11 out of 18 allogenic points, called tender points. Fibromyalgia does not involve organic damage, and several diagnostic approaches have been developed in recent years, including the analysis of genetic, epigenetic and serological biomarkers. Symptoms often begin after physical or emotional trauma, but in many cases, there appears to be no obvious trigger. Women are more prone to developing the disease than men. Unfortunately, the conventional medical therapies that target this pathology produce limited benefits. They remain largely pharmacological in nature and tend to treat the symptomatic aspects of various disorders reported by the patient. The statistics, however, highlight the fact that 90% of people with fibromyalgia also turn to complementary medicine to manage their symptoms.
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Bessiere B, Iris F, Milet A, Beopoulos A, Billoet C, Farjot G. A new mechanistic approach for the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain with nitrous oxide integrated from a systems biology narrative review. Med Gas Res 2021; 11:34-41. [PMID: 33642336 PMCID: PMC8103977 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.310058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The limitations of the currently available treatments for chronic neuropathic pain highlight the need for safer and more effective alternatives. The authors carried out a focused review using a systems biology approach to integrate the complex mechanisms of nociception and neuropathic pain, and to decipher the effects of nitrous oxide (N2O) on those pathways, beyond the known effect of N2O on N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. This review identified a number of potential mechanisms by which N2O could impact the processes involved in peripheral and central sensitization. In the ascending pathway, the effects of N2O include activating TWIK-related K+ channel 1 potassium channels on first-order neurons, blocking voltage-dependent calcium channels to attenuate neuronal excitability, attenuating postsynaptic glutamatergic receptor activation, and possibly blocking voltage-dependent sodium channels. In the descending pathway, N2O induces the release of endogenous opioid ligands and stimulates norepinephrine release. In addition, N2O may mediate epigenetic changes by inhibiting methionine synthase, a key enzyme involved in DNA and RNA methylation. This could explain why this short-acting analgesic has shown long-lasting anti-pain sensitization effects in animal models of chronic pain. These new hypotheses support the rationale for investigating N2O, either alone or in combination with other analgesics, for the management of chronic neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Bessiere
- Air Liquide Santé International, Paris Innovation Campus, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Aude Milet
- Air Liquide Santé International, Paris Innovation Campus, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Catherine Billoet
- Air Liquide Santé International, Paris Innovation Campus, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Géraldine Farjot
- Air Liquide Santé International, Paris Innovation Campus, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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32
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Wu CH, Wu MK, Lu CC, Tsai HP, Lu YY, Lin CL. Impact of Hepatoma-Derived Growth Factor Blockade on Resiniferatoxin-Induced Neuropathy. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:8854461. [PMID: 33727914 PMCID: PMC7937473 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8854461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Resiniferatoxin is an ultrapotent capsaicin analog that mediates nociceptive processing; treatment with resiniferatoxin can cause an inflammatory response and, ultimately, neuropathic pain. Hepatoma-derived growth factor, a growth factor related to normal development, is associated with neurotransmitters surrounding neurons and glial cells. Therefore, the study aims to investigate how blocking hepatoma-derived growth factor affects the inflammatory response in neuropathic pain. Serum hepatoma-derived growth factor protein expression was measured via ELISA. Resiniferatoxin was administrated intraperitoneally to induce neuropathic pain in 36 male Sprague-Dawley rats which were divided into three groups (resiniferatoxin+recombinant hepatoma-derived growth factor antibody group, resiniferatoxin group, and control group) (n = 12/group). The mechanical threshold response was tested with calibration forceps. Cell apoptosis was measured by TUNEL assay. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect apoptosis of neuron cells and proliferation of astrocytes in the spinal cord dorsal horn. RT-PCR technique and western blot were used to measure detect inflammatory factors and protein expressions. Serum hepatoma-derived growth factor protein expression was higher in the patients with sciatica compared to controls. In resiniferatoxin-group rats, protein expression of hepatoma-derived growth factor was higher than controls. Blocking hepatoma-derived growth factor improved the mechanical threshold response in rats. In dorsal root ganglion, blocking hepatoma-derived growth factor inhibited inflammatory cytokines. In the spinal cord dorsal horn, blocking hepatoma-derived growth factor inhibited proliferation of astrocyte, apoptosis of neuron cells, and attenuated expressions of pain-associated proteins. The experiment showed that blocking hepatoma-derived growth factor can prevent neuropathic pain and may be a useful alternative to conventional analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Hsin Wu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Kung Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ching Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Pei Tsai
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Yi Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung 821, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Lung Lin
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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33
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Rainey AN, Fukui SM, Mark K, King HM, Blitz DM. Intrinsic sources of tachykinin-related peptide in the thoracic ganglion mass of the crab, Cancer borealis. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 302:113688. [PMID: 33275935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptides comprise the largest class of neural and neuroendocrine signaling molecules. Vertebrate tachykinins (TKs) and the structurally-related invertebrate tachykinin-related peptides (TRPs) together form the largest neuropeptide superfamily, with a number of conserved neural and neuroendocrine functions across species. Arthropods, including crustaceans, have provided many insights into neuropeptide signaling and function. Crustacean tachykinin-related peptide occurs in endocrine organs and cells and in two of the major crustacean CNS components, the supraoesophageal ganglion ("brain") and the stomatogastric nervous system. However, little is known about TRP sources in the remaining major CNS component, the thoracic ganglion mass (TGM). To gain further insight into the function of this peptide, we aimed to identify intrinsic TRP sources in the TGM of the Jonah crab, Cancer borealis. We first adapted a clearing protocol to improve TRP immunoreactivity specifically in the TGM, which is a dense, fused mass of multiple ganglia in short-bodied crustaceans such as Cancer species of crabs. We verified that the clearing protocol avoided distortion of cell body morphology yet increased visibility of TRP immunoreactivity. Using confocal microscopy, we found TRP-immunoreactive (TRP-IR) axon tracts running the length of the TGM, TRP-IR neuropil in all ganglia, and approximately 110 TRP-IR somata distributed throughout the TGM, within and between ganglia. These somata likely represent both neural and neuroendocrine sources of TRP. Thus, there are many potential intrinsic sources of TRP in the TGM that are positioned to regulate behaviors such as food intake, locomotion, respiration, and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda N Rainey
- Department of Biology and Center for Neuroscience, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, United States
| | - Stephanie M Fukui
- Department of Biology and Center for Neuroscience, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, United States
| | - Katie Mark
- Department of Biology and Center for Neuroscience, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, United States
| | - Hailey M King
- Department of Biology and Center for Neuroscience, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, United States
| | - Dawn M Blitz
- Department of Biology and Center for Neuroscience, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, United States.
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34
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Borbély É, Hunyady Á, Pohóczky K, Payrits M, Botz B, Mócsai A, Berger A, Szőke É, Helyes Z. Hemokinin-1 as a Mediator of Arthritis-Related Pain via Direct Activation of Primary Sensory Neurons. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:594479. [PMID: 33519457 PMCID: PMC7839295 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.594479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The tachykinin hemokinin-1 (HK-1) is involved in immune cell development and inflammation, but little is known about its function in pain. It acts through the NK1 tachykinin receptor, but several effects are mediated by a yet unidentified target. Therefore, we investigated the role and mechanism of action of HK-1 in arthritis models of distinct mechanisms with special emphasis on pain. Arthritis was induced by i.p. K/BxN serum (passive transfer of inflammatory cytokines, autoantibodies), intra-articular mast cell tryptase or Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA, active immunization) in wild type, HK-1- and NK1-deficient mice. Mechanical- and heat hyperalgesia determined by dynamic plantar esthesiometry and increasing temperature hot plate, respectively, swelling measured by plethysmometry or micrometry were significantly reduced in HK-1-deleted, but not NK1-deficient mice in all models. K/BxN serum-induced histopathological changes (day 14) were also decreased, but early myeloperoxidase activity detected by luminescent in vivo imaging increased in HK-1-deleted mice similarly to the CFA model. However, vasodilation and plasma protein extravasation determined by laser Speckle and fluorescent imaging, respectively, were not altered by HK-1 deficiency in any models. HK-1 induced Ca2+-influx in primary sensory neurons, which was also seen in NK1-deficient cells and after pertussis toxin-pretreatment, but not in extracellular Ca2+-free medium. These are the first results showing that HK-1 mediates arthritic pain and cellular, but not vascular inflammatory mechanisms, independently of NK1 activation. HK-1 activates primary sensory neurons presumably via Ca2+ channel-linked receptor. Identifying its target opens new directions to understand joint pain leading to novel therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Borbély
- János Szentágothai Research Centre and Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Hunyady
- János Szentágothai Research Centre and Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Pohóczky
- János Szentágothai Research Centre and Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Maja Payrits
- János Szentágothai Research Centre and Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Bálint Botz
- János Szentágothai Research Centre and Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Medical Imaging, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Attila Mócsai
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Berger
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Éva Szőke
- János Szentágothai Research Centre and Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- János Szentágothai Research Centre and Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- PharmInVivo Ltd., Pécs, Hungary
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35
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Przybyła GW, Szychowski KA, Gmiński J. Paracetamol - An old drug with new mechanisms of action. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 48:3-19. [PMID: 32767405 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is the most commonly used over-the-counter (OTC) drug in the world. Despite its popularity and use for many years, the safety of its application and its mechanism of action are still unclear. Currently, it is believed that paracetamol is a multidirectional drug and at least several metabolic pathways are involved in its analgesic and antipyretic action. The mechanism of paracetamol action consists in inhibition of cyclooxygenases (COX-1, COX-2, and COX-3) and involvement in the endocannabinoid system and serotonergic pathways. Additionally, paracetamol influences transient receptor potential (TRP) channels and voltage-gated Kv7 potassium channels and inhibits T-type Cav3.2 calcium channels. It also exerts an impact on L-arginine in the nitric oxide (NO) synthesis pathway. However, not all of these effects have been clearly confirmed. Therefore, the aim of our paper was to summarize the current state of knowledge of the mechanism of paracetamol action with special attention to its safety concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Konrad A Szychowski
- Department of Lifestyle Disorders and Regenerative Medicine, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Jan Gmiński
- Department of Lifestyle Disorders and Regenerative Medicine, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
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36
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Moulin TC, Covill LE, Itskov PM, Williams MJ, Schiöth HB. Rodent and fly models in behavioral neuroscience: An evaluation of methodological advances, comparative research, and future perspectives. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 120:1-12. [PMID: 33242563 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of behavioral outcomes is a central component of neuroscientific research, which has required continuous technological innovations to produce more detailed and reliable findings. In this article, we provide an in-depth review on the progress and future implications for three model organisms (mouse, rat, and Drosophila) essential to our current understanding of behavior. By compiling a comprehensive catalog of popular assays, we are able to compare the diversity of tasks and usage of these animal models in behavioral research. This compilation also allows for the evaluation of existing state-of-the-art methods and experimental applications, including optogenetics, machine learning, and high-throughput behavioral assays. We go on to discuss novel apparatuses and inter-species analyses for centrophobism, feeding behavior, aggression and mating paradigms, with the goal of providing a unique view on comparative behavioral research. The challenges and recent advances are evaluated in terms of their translational value, ethical procedures, and trustworthiness for behavioral research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago C Moulin
- Functional Pharmacology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Laura E Covill
- Functional Pharmacology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pavel M Itskov
- Functional Pharmacology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Michael J Williams
- Functional Pharmacology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helgi B Schiöth
- Functional Pharmacology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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37
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Vallianatos CN, Raines B, Porter RS, Bonefas KM, Wu MC, Garay PM, Collette KM, Seo YA, Dou Y, Keegan CE, Tronson NC, Iwase S. Mutually suppressive roles of KMT2A and KDM5C in behaviour, neuronal structure, and histone H3K4 methylation. Commun Biol 2020; 3:278. [PMID: 32483278 PMCID: PMC7264178 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-1001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone H3 lysine 4 methylation (H3K4me) is extensively regulated by numerous writer and eraser enzymes in mammals. Nine H3K4me enzymes are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders to date, indicating their important roles in the brain. However, interplay among H3K4me enzymes during brain development remains largely unknown. Here, we show functional interactions of a writer-eraser duo, KMT2A and KDM5C, which are responsible for Wiedemann-Steiner Syndrome (WDSTS), and mental retardation X-linked syndromic Claes-Jensen type (MRXSCJ), respectively. Despite opposite enzymatic activities, the two mouse models deficient for either Kmt2a or Kdm5c shared reduced dendritic spines and increased aggression. Double mutation of Kmt2a and Kdm5c clearly reversed dendritic morphology, key behavioral traits including aggression, and partially corrected altered transcriptomes and H3K4me landscapes. Thus, our study uncovers common yet mutually suppressive aspects of the WDSTS and MRXSCJ models and provides a proof of principle for balancing a single writer-eraser pair to ameliorate their associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina N Vallianatos
- Department of Human Genetics, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Brynne Raines
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Robert S Porter
- Department of Human Genetics, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Katherine M Bonefas
- Department of Human Genetics, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,The University of Michigan Neuroscience Graduate Program, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Patricia M Garay
- Department of Human Genetics, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,The University of Michigan Neuroscience Graduate Program, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Katie M Collette
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Young Ah Seo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yali Dou
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Catherine E Keegan
- Department of Human Genetics, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Natalie C Tronson
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Shigeki Iwase
- Department of Human Genetics, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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38
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Taketani Y, Marmalidou A, Dohlman TH, Singh RB, Amouzegar A, Chauhan SK, Chen Y, Dana R. Restoration of Regulatory T-Cell Function in Dry Eye Disease by Antagonizing Substance P/Neurokinin-1 Receptor. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:1859-1866. [PMID: 32473919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Substance P (SP) is a tachykinin neuropeptide, implicated in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory conditions and a critical mediator in pain transmission. Recently, the role of SP was described in the pathogenesis of dry eye disease (DED) through its role in the maturation of antigen-presenting cells at the ocular surface after exposure to desiccating stress. However, the effect of SP on regulatory T cells (Tregs), which are functionally impaired in DED, remains unclear. This study examined the phenotypic and functional changes in Tregs in response to SP in DED. The in vitro cultures of normal Tregs in the presence of SP led to a significant reduction in both Treg frequencies and their suppressive function, which was prevented by the addition of an SP receptor (neurokinin-1 receptor) antagonist. Furthermore, in vivo treatment with the neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist in DED mice effectively restored Treg function, suppressed pathogenic T helper 17 response, and significantly ameliorated the disease. Our results show that a significant increase in SP levels promotes Treg dysfunction in DED, and blockade of SP effectively restores Treg function and suppresses DED severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukako Taketani
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anna Marmalidou
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas H Dohlman
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rohan Bir Singh
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Afsaneh Amouzegar
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sunil K Chauhan
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yihe Chen
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Reza Dana
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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39
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Solinski HJ, Kriegbaum MC, Tseng PY, Earnest TW, Gu X, Barik A, Chesler AT, Hoon MA. Nppb Neurons Are Sensors of Mast Cell-Induced Itch. Cell Rep 2020; 26:3561-3573.e4. [PMID: 30917312 PMCID: PMC6490177 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.02.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Itch is an unpleasant skin sensation that can be triggered by exposure to many chemicals, including those released by mast cells. The natriuretic polypeptide b (Nppb)-expressing class of sensory neurons, when activated, elicits scratching responses in mice, but it is unclear which itch-inducing agents stimulate these cells and the receptors involved. Here, we identify receptors expressed by Nppb neurons and demonstrate the functional importance of these receptors as sensors of endogenous pruritogens released by mast cells. Our search for receptors in Nppb neurons reveals that they express leukotriene, serotonin, and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors. Targeted cell ablation, calcium imaging of primary sensory neurons, and conditional receptor knockout studies demonstrate that these receptors induce itch by the direct stimulation of Nppb neurons and neurotransmission through the canonical gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP)-dependent spinal cord itch pathway. Together, our results define a molecular and cellular pathway for mast cell-induced itch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Jürgen Solinski
- Molecular Genetics Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, 35A Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mette C Kriegbaum
- Molecular Genetics Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, 35A Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Pang-Yen Tseng
- Molecular Genetics Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, 35A Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Thomas W Earnest
- Molecular Genetics Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, 35A Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xinglong Gu
- Molecular Genetics Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, 35A Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Arnab Barik
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, NIH, 35A Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alexander T Chesler
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, NIH, 35A Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mark A Hoon
- Molecular Genetics Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, 35A Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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40
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Mohammadi F, Javid H, Afshari AR, Mashkani B, Hashemy SI. Substance P accelerates the progression of human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via MMP-2, MMP-9, VEGF-A, and VEGFR1 overexpression. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:4263-4272. [PMID: 32436041 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05532-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tachykinins such as Substance P (SP) are a group of neuropeptides that are involved in cancer development. Neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R) is the main tachykinin receptor mediating the effects of SP, which is overexpressed in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and other malignant tissues. However, the effects of SP/NK-1R system on the migration of esophageal cancer cells and angiogenesis is not clear yet. This study seeks to obtain data to address these research gaps. In order to assess the effects of the FDA-approved aprepitant drug, a commercially available NK-1R antagonist, on the viability of KYSE-30 ESCC cells, resazurin assay was performed. The influence of SP/NK-1R system on the migration potential of these cells was examined using scratch assay. The effects of this system on the expression levels of metastatic factors were also examined by RT-PCR and western blot analyses. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value for KYSE-30 cells treated with aprepitant found to be 29.88 μM. Treatment with SP significantly promoted KYSE-30 esophageal cancer cell migration, and aprepitant blocked this effect. In addition, SP significantly induced the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9, vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), and VEGF receptor1 (VEGFR1) in the cells, whereas aprepitant inhibited the up-regulation effects caused by SP. SP plays important roles in the development of human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by promoting cancer cell invasion and enhancing the expression of factors involved in cellular migration and angiogenesis, which can be blocked by the NK-1R antagonist, aprepitant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Javid
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Afshari
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Baratali Mashkani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Isaac Hashemy
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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41
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Li NQ, Tang Y, Huang ST, Liu XT, Zeng LP, Li H, Wan L. Modulation of NR1 receptor by CaMKIIα plays an important role in chronic itch development in mice. Brain Res Bull 2020; 158:66-76. [PMID: 32112850 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Intractable scratching is the characteristic of chronic itch, which represents a great challenge in clinical practice. However, the mechanism underlying chronic itch development is largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated the role of NMDA receptor in acute itch and in development of chronic itch. A mouse model was developed by painting DNFB to induce allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). We found that the expression of pNR1, which is a subunit of NMDA receptor, was significantly increased in the dorsal root ganglion in the DNFB model. The DNFB-evoked spontaneous scratching was blocked by the NMDA antagonist D-AP-5, the calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK) inhibitor KN-93, a CaMKIIα siRNA and the PKC inhibitor LY317615. Moreover, activation of PKC did not reverse the CaMKIIα knockdown-induced decrease in scratching, suggesting that PKC functions upstream of CaMKIIα. Thus, our study indicates that modulation of NR1 receptor by CaMKIIα plays an important role in the development of chronic itch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Qi Li
- Department of Pain Management, The State Key Clinical Specialty in Pain Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, P.R. China
| | - Yang Tang
- Department of Pain Management, The State Key Clinical Specialty in Pain Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, P.R. China
| | - Si-Ting Huang
- Department of Pain Management, The State Key Clinical Specialty in Pain Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Ting Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinic Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ping Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinic Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, P.R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Li Wan
- Department of Pain Management, The State Key Clinical Specialty in Pain Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, P.R. China.
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42
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Zhang Y, Li M, Wang Q, Hsu JS, Deng W, Ma X, Ni P, Zhao L, Tian Y, Sham PC, Li T. A joint study of whole exome sequencing and structural MRI analysis in major depressive disorder. Psychol Med 2020; 50:384-395. [PMID: 30722798 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719000072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide and influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. Genetic studies of MDD have focused on common variants and have been constrained by the heterogeneity of clinical symptoms. METHODS We sequenced the exome of 77 cases and 245 controls of Han Chinese ancestry and scanned their brain. Burden tests of rare variants were performed first to explore the association between genes/pathways and MDD. Secondly, parallel Independent Component Analysis was conducted to investigate genetic underpinnings of gray matter volume (GMV) changes of MDD. RESULTS Two genes (CSMD1, p = 5.32×10-6; CNTNAP5, p = 1.32×10-6) and one pathway (Neuroactive Ligand Receptor Interactive, p = 1.29×10-5) achieved significance in burden test. In addition, we identified one pair of imaging-genetic components of significant correlation (r = 0.38, p = 9.92×10-6). The imaging component reflected decreased GMV in cases and correlated with intelligence quotient (IQ). IQ mediated the effects of GMV on MDD. The genetic component enriched in two gene sets, namely Singling by G-protein coupled receptors [false discovery rate (FDR) q = 3.23×10-4) and Alzheimer Disease Up (FDR q = 6.12×10-4). CONCLUSIONS Both rare variants analysis and imaging-genetic analysis found evidence corresponding with the neuroinflammation and synaptic plasticity hypotheses of MDD. The mediation of IQ indicates that genetic component may act on MDD through GMV alteration and cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamin Zhang
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingli Li
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jacob Shujui Hsu
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Deng
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaohong Ma
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Peiyan Ni
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liansheng Zhao
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Tian
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Pak Chung Sham
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tao Li
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, The State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Hippocampal Neurogenesis Is Enhanced in Adult Tau Deficient Mice. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010210. [PMID: 31947657 PMCID: PMC7016791 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau dysfunction is common in several neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Affective symptoms have often been associated with aberrant tau pathology and are commonly comorbid in patients with tauopathies, indicating a connection between tau functioning and mechanisms of depression. The current study investigated depression-like behavior in Mapt−/− mice, which contain a targeted deletion of the gene coding for tau. We show that 6-month Mapt−/− mice are resistant to depressive behaviors, as evidenced by decreased immobility time in the forced swim and tail suspension tests, as well as increased escape behavior in a learned helplessness task. Since depression has also been linked to deficient adult neurogenesis, we measured neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus and subventricular zone using 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling. We found that neurogenesis is increased in the dentate gyrus of 14-month-old Mapt−/− brains compared to wild type, providing a potential mechanism for their behavioral phenotypes. In addition to the hippocampus, an upregulation of proteins involved in neurogenesis was observed in the frontal cortex and amygdala of the Mapt−/− mice using proteomic mass spectrometry. All together, these findings suggest that tau may have a role in the depressive symptoms observed in many neurodegenerative diseases and identify tau as a potential molecular target for treating depression.
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Ogawa S, Ramadasan PN, Anthonysamy R, Parhar IS. Sexual Dimorphic Distribution of Hypothalamic Tachykinin1 Cells and Their Innervations to GnRH Neurons in the Zebrafish. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:534343. [PMID: 33763023 PMCID: PMC7982876 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.534343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Substance P (SP) and neurokinin A (NKA), encoded by TAC1/Tac1 gene are members of the tachykinin family, which exert their neuromodulatory roles in vertebrate reproduction. In mammals, SP and NKA have been shown to regulate gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion via kisspeptin neurons. On the other hand, the role of SP/NKA in the regulation of reproduction in non-mammalian vertebrates is not well known. In the present study, we first localized expression of tac1 mRNA in the brain of male and female zebrafish, Danio rerio. Next, using an antibody against zebrafish tachykinin1 (Tac1), we examined the neural association of SP/NKA neural processes with GnRH3 neurons, and with kisspeptin (kiss2) neurons, in the brains of male and female zebrafish. In situ hybridization showed an apparent male-dominant tac1 expression in the ventral telencephalic area, the anterior and posterior parts of the parvocellular preoptic nucleus, and the suprachiasmatic nucleus. On the other hand, there was female-dominant tac1 expression in the ventral periventricular hypothalamus. Confocal images of double-labeled zebrafish Tac1 and GnRH3 showed associations between Tac1-immunoreactive processes and GnRH3 neurons in the ventral telencephalic area. In contrast, there was no apparent proximity of Tac1 processes to kiss2 mRNA-expressing neurons in the hypothalamus. Lastly, to elucidate possible direct action of SP/NKA on GnRH3 or Kiss2 neurons, expression of SP/NKA receptor, tacr1a mRNA was examined in regions containing GnRH3 or Kiss2 neurons by in situ hybridization. Expression of tacr1a mRNA was seen in several brain regions including the olfactory bulb, preoptic area and hypothalamus, where GnRH3 and Kiss2 cells are present. These results suggest that unlike in mammals, Tac1 may be involved in male reproductive functions via direct action on GnRH3 neurons but independent of kisspeptin in the zebrafish.
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Abstract
This chapter describes recent clinical trials for opioid use disorder (OUD), an area that has rapidly accelerated in response to the opioid overdose crisis in the USA and newly appropriated funding. Trials involve a wide range of compounds including cannabinoids and psychedelics, new and existing compounds targeting domains emerging from addiction neuroscience, agents repurposed from other indications, and novel strategies including vaccines, enzymes, and other biologicals. In parallel, new formulations of existing compounds offer immediate promise, as do a variety of web-based interventions and smartphone-delivered apps. Trials focused on implementing existing effective interventions in mainstream healthcare settings, and others focused on special populations, e.g., adolescents, criminal justice, pregnant women, native Americans, etc., have the potential to vastly expand treatment in the near term. Given the range of ongoing and recent trials, this chapter is not intended to be an exhaustive review but rather to present an overview of approaches within the framework of the opioid treatment cascade and the context of current OUD pharmacotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Blessing
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Sanya Virani
- Department of Psychiatry, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - John Rotrosen
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Arslan H, Yıldız ED, Köseoğlu S. Effects of endodontic treatment on salivary levels of CGRP and substance P: a pilot study. Restor Dent Endod 2020; 45:e40. [PMID: 32839721 PMCID: PMC7431939 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2020.45.e40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of endodontic treatment on levels of substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the saliva of patients with symptomatic apical periodontitis. Materials and Methods Twelve patients with mandibular molars with symptomatic apical periodontitis were enrolled in this study. An initial saliva sample was collected just before administration of anesthesia for root canal treatment, which was performed at the first visit. A second saliva sample was collected at a control visit 1 week after treatment. Salivary SP and CGRP levels were evaluated quantitatively using biochemical assays. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis, the paired samples t-test, and the Mann-Whitney U test (p = 0.05). Results The postoperative salivary level of SP was significantly lower than the preoperative level (p = 0.005). However, the postoperative salivary level of CGRP was similar to the preoperative level (p = 0.932). Visual analog scale (VAS) scores of patients' subjective pain were found to be positively correlated with salivary levels of SP (r = 0.421; p = 0.040). No statistically significant correlations were observed between salivary levels of CGRP and VAS scores for patients' subjective percussion tenderness (p = 0.533) or VAS scores for patients' subjective pain (p = 0.459). Conclusions According to the results of the present study, salivary SP levels may be used as an objective indicator in the diagnosis and assessment of the degree of pain in endodontic diseases. Trial Registration Thai Clinical Trials Registry Identifier: TCTR20161228001
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Arslan
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Health Sciences University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Doğanay Yıldız
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Serhat Köseoğlu
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Health Sciences University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Singh P, Bansal S, Kuhad A, Kumar A, Chopra K. Naringenin ameliorates diabetic neuropathic pain by modulation of oxidative-nitrosative stress, cytokines and MMP-9 levels. Food Funct 2020; 11:4548-4560. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00881k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a serious debilitating epidemic affecting all social strata, imposing huge health, social and economic burdens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratishtha Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh-160014
- India
| | - Seema Bansal
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh-160014
- India
| | - Anurag Kuhad
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh-160014
- India
| | - Anil Kumar
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh-160014
- India
| | - Kanwaljit Chopra
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh-160014
- India
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Alcohol extract from Vernonia anthelmintica willd (L.) seed counteracts stress-induced murine hair follicle growth inhibition. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:372. [PMID: 31847849 PMCID: PMC6918677 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2744-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) willd is a traditional urgur herb in China for a long history. Its alcohol extract (AVE) has been proved to promote hair follicle growth in C57BL/6 mice. We conducted this study to investigate the hair-growth effects of AVE in stressed mice and its possible mechanism of action. METHODS The hair-follicle growth effects of AVE were examined by in vivo and in vitro study. We exposed C57BL/6 male mice to chronic restraint stress to induce murine hair follicle growth inhibition. The effects of AVE were examined by histological analysis, immunofluorescence for Ki67 and cytokeratin 19 immunoreactivity, western blot assay in tyrosinase and related proteins expressions and immunofluorescence for nerve fibers. In organ culture of mouse vibrissae follicles, we used substance P as a catagen-inducing factor of hair follicle growth, and measured the elongation of hair shafts and expression of neurokinin-1 receptor protein by application of AVE. RESULTS Our results showed that AVE counteract murine hair follicle growth inhibition caused by chronic restraint stress via inducing the conversion of telogen to anagen and inhibiting catagen premature, increasing bulb keratinocytes and bulge stem cells proliferation, promoting melanogenesis, and reducing the numbers of substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide nerve fibers. Furthermore, AVE also counteracted murine hair follicle growth inhibition caused by substance P in organ culture. CONCLUSION These results suggest that AVE counteract stress-induced hair follicle growth inhibition in C57BL/6 mice in vivo and in vitro, and may be an effective new candidate for treatment of stress-induced hair loss.
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He J, Pham TL, Kakazu AH, Bazan HEP. Remodeling of Substance P Sensory Nerves and Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 8 (TRPM8) Cold Receptors After Corneal Experimental Surgery. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:2449-2460. [PMID: 31157834 PMCID: PMC6545819 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-26384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate changes in corneal nerves positive to substance P (SP) and transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) and gene expression in the trigeminal ganglia (TG) following corneal surgery to unveil peripheral nerve mechanism of induced dry eye-like pain (DELP). Methods Surgery was performed on mice by removing the central epithelial and anterior stromal nerves. Mice were euthanized at different times up to 15 weeks. Immunostaining was performed with TRPM8, SP, or protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5) antibodies, and epithelial nerve densities were calculated. The origin of TRPM8- and SP-TG neurons were analyzed by retrograde tracing. Gene expression in TG was studied by real-time PCR analysis. Results SP-positive epithelial corneal nerves were more abundant than TRPM8 and were expressed in different TG neurons. After injury, epithelial nerve regeneration occurs in two distinct stages. An early regeneration of the remaining epithelial bundles reached the highest density on day 3 and then rapidly degraded. From day 5, the epithelial nerves originated from the underlying stromal nerves were still lower than normal levels by week 15. The SP- and TRPM8-positive nerve fibers followed the same pattern as the total nerves. TRPM8-positive terminals increased slowly and reached only half of normal values by 3 months. Corneal sensitivity gradually increased and reached normal values on day 12. Corneal injury also induced significant changes in TG gene expression, decreasing trpm8 and tac1 genes. Conclusions Abnormal SP expression, low amounts of TRPM8 terminals, and hypersensitive nerve response occur long after the injury and changes in gene expression in the TG suggest a contribution to the pathogenesis of corneal surgery-induced DELP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiucheng He
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| | - Thang Luong Pham
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| | - Azucena H Kakazu
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| | - Haydee E P Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
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Wtorek K, Adamska-Bartłomiejczyk A, Piekielna-Ciesielska J, Ferrari F, Ruzza C, Kluczyk A, Piasecka-Zelga J, Calo’ G, Janecka A. Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Hybrids Targeting Opioid and Neurokinin Receptors. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24244460. [PMID: 31817441 PMCID: PMC6943619 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphine, which acts through opioid receptors, is one of the most efficient analgesics for the alleviation of severe pain. However, its usefulness is limited by serious side effects, including analgesic tolerance, constipation, and dependence liability. The growing awareness that multifunctional ligands which simultaneously activate two or more targets may produce a more desirable drug profile than selectively targeted compounds has created an opportunity for a new approach to developing more effective medications. Here, in order to better understand the role of the neurokinin system in opioid-induced antinociception, we report the synthesis, structure–activity relationship, and pharmacological characterization of a series of hybrids combining opioid pharmacophores with either substance P (SP) fragments or neurokinin receptor (NK1) antagonist fragments. On the bases of the in vitro biological activities of the hybrids, two analogs, opioid agonist/NK1 antagonist Tyr-[d-Lys-Phe-Phe-Asp]-Asn-d-Trp-Phe-d-Trp-Leu-Nle-NH2 (2) and opioid agonist/NK1 agonist Tyr-[d-Lys-Phe-Phe-Asp]-Gln-Phe-Phe-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2 (4), were selected for in vivo tests. In the writhing test, both hybrids showed significant an antinociceptive effect in mice, while neither of them triggered the development of tolerance, nor did they produce constipation. No statistically significant differences in in vivo activity profiles were observed between opioid/NK1 agonist and opioid/NK1 antagonist hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Wtorek
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (K.W.); (A.A.-B.); (J.P.-C.)
| | - Anna Adamska-Bartłomiejczyk
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (K.W.); (A.A.-B.); (J.P.-C.)
| | - Justyna Piekielna-Ciesielska
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (K.W.); (A.A.-B.); (J.P.-C.)
| | - Federica Ferrari
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.F.); (C.R.); (G.C.)
| | - Chiara Ruzza
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.F.); (C.R.); (G.C.)
| | - Alicja Kluczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Joanna Piasecka-Zelga
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Research Laboratory for Medicine and Veterinary Products in the GMP Head of Research Laboratory for Medicine and Veterinary Products, 91-348 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Girolamo Calo’
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.F.); (C.R.); (G.C.)
| | - Anna Janecka
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215 Lodz, Poland; (K.W.); (A.A.-B.); (J.P.-C.)
- Correspondence:
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