1
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Cheng L, Zhao J, Xiong Z, Liu S, Yan X, Yu W. Hyperbranched Vitrimer for Ultrahigh Energy Dissipation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202406937. [PMID: 38656692 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Polymers are ideally utilized as damping materials due to the high internal friction of molecular chains, enabling effective suppression of vibrations and noises in various fields. Current strategies rely on broadening the glass transition region or introducing additional relaxation components to enhance the energy dissipation capacity of polymeric damping materials. However, it remains a significant challenge to achieve high damping efficiency through structural control while maintaining dynamic characteristics. In this work, we propose a new strategy to develop hyperbranched vitrimers (HBVs) containing dense pendant chains and loose dynamic crosslinked networks. A novel yet weak dynamic transesterification between the carboxyl and boronic acid ester was confirmed and used to prepare HBVs based on poly (hexyl methacrylate-2-(4-ethenylphenyl)-5,5-dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborinane) P(HMA-co-ViCL) copolymers. TheA B n ${{AB}_{n}}$ -type of macromonomers, the crosslinking points formed by the dynamic covalent connection via the associative exchange, and the weak yet dynamic exchange reaction are the three keys to developing high-performance HBV damping materials. We found that P(HMA-co-ViCL) 20k-40-60 HBV exhibited ultrahigh energy-dissipation performance over a broad frequency and temperature range, attributed to the synergistic effect of dense pendant chains and weak dynamic covalent crosslinks. This unique design concept will provide a general approach to developing advanced damping materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cheng
- Advanced Rheology Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Advanced Rheology Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zhongqiang Xiong
- Advanced Rheology Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Sijun Liu
- Advanced Rheology Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xuzhou Yan
- Advanced Rheology Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Wei Yu
- Advanced Rheology Institute, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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2
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Dykstra DMJ, Lenting C, Masurier A, Coulais C. Buckling Metamaterials for Extreme Vibration Damping. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2301747. [PMID: 37199190 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Damping mechanical resonances is a formidable challenge in an increasing number of applications. Many passive damping methods rely on using low stiffness, complex mechanical structures or electrical systems, which render them unfeasible in many of these applications. Herein, a new method for passive vibration damping, by allowing buckling of the primary load path in mechanical metamaterials and lattice structures, is introduced, which sets an upper limit for vibration transmission: the transmitted acceleration saturates at a maximum value in both tension and compression, no matter what the input acceleration is. This nonlinear mechanism leads to an extreme damping coefficient tanδ ≈ 0.23 in a metal metamaterial-orders of magnitude larger than the linear damping coefficient of traditional lightweight structural materials. This principle is demonstrated experimentally and numerically in free-standing rubber and metal mechanical metamaterials over a range of accelerations. It is also shown that damping nonlinearities even allow buckling-based vibration damping to work in tension, and that bidirectional buckling can further improve its performance. Buckling metamaterials pave the way toward extreme vibration damping without mass or stiffness penalty, and, as such, could be applicable in a multitude of high-tech applications, including aerospace, vehicles, and sensitive instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M J Dykstra
- Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Coen Lenting
- Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandre Masurier
- Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Corentin Coulais
- Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, The Netherlands
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3
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Zhang J, Xiao M, Gao L, Alù A, Wang F. Self-bridging metamaterials surpassing the theoretical limit of Poisson's ratios. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4041. [PMID: 37419887 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39792-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of mechanical metamaterials has been the realization of negative Poisson's ratios, associated with auxeticity. However, natural and engineered Poisson's ratios obey fundamental bounds determined by stability, linearity and thermodynamics. Overcoming these limits may substantially extend the range of Poisson's ratios realizable in mechanical systems, of great interest for medical stents and soft robots. Here, we demonstrate freeform self-bridging metamaterials that synthesize multi-mode microscale levers, realizing Poisson's ratios surpassing the values allowed by thermodynamics in linear materials. Bridging slits between microstructures via self-contacts yields multiple rotation behaviors of microscale levers, which break the symmetry and invariance of the constitutive tensors under different load scenarios, enabling inaccessible deformation patterns. Based on these features, we unveil a bulk mode that breaks static reciprocity, providing an explicit and programmable way to manipulate the non-reciprocal transmission of displacement fields in static mechanics. Besides non-reciprocal Poisson's ratios, we also realize ultra-large and step-like values, which make metamaterials exhibit orthogonally bidirectional displacement amplification, and expansion under both tension and compression, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Mi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China.
| | - Liang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074, Wuhan, China.
| | - Andrea Alù
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Fengwen Wang
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Koppels Allé, Building 404, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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4
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Cheema SS, Shanker N, Wang LC, Hsu CH, Hsu SL, Liao YH, San Jose M, Gomez J, Chakraborty W, Li W, Bae JH, Volkman SK, Kwon D, Rho Y, Pinelli G, Rastogi R, Pipitone D, Stull C, Cook M, Tyrrell B, Stoica VA, Zhang Z, Freeland JW, Tassone CJ, Mehta A, Saheli G, Thompson D, Suh DI, Koo WT, Nam KJ, Jung DJ, Song WB, Lin CH, Nam S, Heo J, Parihar N, Grigoropoulos CP, Shafer P, Fay P, Ramesh R, Mahapatra S, Ciston J, Datta S, Mohamed M, Hu C, Salahuddin S. Ultrathin ferroic HfO 2-ZrO 2 superlattice gate stack for advanced transistors. Nature 2022; 604:65-71. [PMID: 35388197 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04425-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
With the scaling of lateral dimensions in advanced transistors, an increased gate capacitance is desirable both to retain the control of the gate electrode over the channel and to reduce the operating voltage1. This led to a fundamental change in the gate stack in 2008, the incorporation of high-dielectric-constant HfO2 (ref. 2), which remains the material of choice to date. Here we report HfO2-ZrO2 superlattice heterostructures as a gate stack, stabilized with mixed ferroelectric-antiferroelectric order, directly integrated onto Si transistors, and scaled down to approximately 20 ångströms, the same gate oxide thickness required for high-performance transistors. The overall equivalent oxide thickness in metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors is equivalent to an effective SiO2 thickness of approximately 6.5 ångströms. Such a low effective oxide thickness and the resulting large capacitance cannot be achieved in conventional HfO2-based high-dielectric-constant gate stacks without scavenging the interfacial SiO2, which has adverse effects on the electron transport and gate leakage current3. Accordingly, our gate stacks, which do not require such scavenging, provide substantially lower leakage current and no mobility degradation. This work demonstrates that ultrathin ferroic HfO2-ZrO2 multilayers, stabilized with competing ferroelectric-antiferroelectric order in the two-nanometre-thickness regime, provide a path towards advanced gate oxide stacks in electronic devices beyond conventional HfO2-based high-dielectric-constant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj S Cheema
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Nirmaan Shanker
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Li-Chen Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Cheng-Hsiang Hsu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Shang-Lin Hsu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yu-Hung Liao
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Matthew San Jose
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Jorge Gomez
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Wriddhi Chakraborty
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Wenshen Li
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jong-Ho Bae
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Steve K Volkman
- Applied Science and Technology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Daewoong Kwon
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Yoonsoo Rho
- Laser Thermal Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Gianni Pinelli
- Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - Ravi Rastogi
- Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - Dominick Pipitone
- Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - Corey Stull
- Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - Matthew Cook
- Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - Brian Tyrrell
- Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - Vladimir A Stoica
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - John W Freeland
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Christopher J Tassone
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Apurva Mehta
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Dong Ik Suh
- Research & Development Division, SK hynix, Icheon, Korea
| | - Won-Tae Koo
- Research & Development Division, SK hynix, Icheon, Korea
| | - Kab-Jin Nam
- Semiconductor R&D Center, Samsung Electronics, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Dong Jin Jung
- Semiconductor R&D Center, Samsung Electronics, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Woo-Bin Song
- Semiconductor R&D Center, Samsung Electronics, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Chung-Hsun Lin
- Logic Technology Development, Intel Corporation, Hillsboro, OR, USA
| | - Seunggeol Nam
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jinseong Heo
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, Suwon, Korea
| | - Narendra Parihar
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Costas P Grigoropoulos
- Laser Thermal Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Padraic Shafer
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Patrick Fay
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Ramamoorthy Ramesh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Souvik Mahapatra
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Jim Ciston
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Suman Datta
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Mohamed Mohamed
- Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - Chenming Hu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sayeef Salahuddin
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA. .,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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5
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Wang S, Chen J, Wu L, Zhao Y. Giant Viscoelasticity near Mott Criticality in PbCrO_{3} with Large Lattice Anomalies. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:095702. [PMID: 35302822 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.095702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Coupling of charge and lattice degrees of freedom in materials can produce intriguing electronic phenomena, such as conventional superconductivity where the electrons are mediated by lattice for creating supercurrent. The Mott transition, which is a source for many fascinating emergent behaviors, is originally thought to be driven solely by correlated electrons with an Ising criticality. Recent studies on the known Mott systems have shown that the lattice degree of freedom is also at play, giving rise to either Landau or unconventional criticality. However, the underlying coupling mechanism of charge and lattice degrees of freedom around the Mott critical end point remains elusive, leading to difficulties in understanding the associated Mott physics. Here, we report a study of Mott transition in cubic PbCrO_{3} by measuring the lattice parameter, using high-pressure x-ray diffraction techniques. The Mott criticality in this material is revealed with large lattice anomalies, which is governed by giant viscoelasticity that presumably results from a combination of lattice elasticity and electron viscosity. Because of the viscoelastic effect, the lattice of this material behaves peculiarly near the critical end point, inconsistent with any existing university classes. We argue that the viscoelasticity may play as a hidden degree of freedom behind the Mott criticality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanmin Wang
- Department of Physics and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Physics and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Liusuo Wu
- Department of Physics and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yusheng Zhao
- Department of Physics and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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6
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Hou J, Xiao Z, Liu Z, Zhao H, Zhu Y, Guo L, Zhang Z, Ritchie RO, Wei Y, Deng X. An Amorphous Peri-Implant Ligament with Combined Osteointegration and Energy-Dissipation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2103727. [PMID: 34569118 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202103727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Progress toward developing metal implants as permanent hard-tissue substitutes requires both osteointegration to achieve load-bearing support, and energy-dissipation to prevent overload-induced bone resorption. However, in existing implants these two properties can only be achieved separately. Optimized by natural evolution, tooth-periodontal-ligaments with fiber-bundle structures can efficiently orchestrate load-bearing and energy dissipation, which make tooth-bone complexes survive extremely high occlusion loads (>300 N) for prolonged lifetimes. Here, a bioinspired peri-implant ligament with simultaneously enhanced osteointegration and energy-dissipation is presented, which is based on the periodontium-mimetic architecture of a polymer-infiltrated, amorphous, titania nanotube array. The artificial ligament not only provides exceptional osteoinductivity owing to its nanotopography and beneficial ingredients, but also produces periodontium-similar energy dissipation due to the complexity of the force transmission modes and interface sliding. The ligament increases bone-implant contact by more than 18% and simultaneously reduces the effective stress transfer from implant to peri-implant bone by ≈30% as compared to titanium implants, which as far as is known has not previously been achieved. It is anticipated that the concept of an artificial ligament will open new possibilities for developing high-performance implanted materials with increased lifespans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Hou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Zuohui Xiao
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Zengqian Liu
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Hewei Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yankun Zhu
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Lin Guo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Zhefeng Zhang
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Robert O Ritchie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Yan Wei
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Xuliang Deng
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
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7
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Mirzaali MJ, Ghorbani A, Nakatani K, Nouri-Goushki M, Tümer N, Callens SJP, Janbaz S, Accardo A, Bico J, Habibi M, Zadpoor AA. Curvature Induced by Deflection in Thick Meta-Plates. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2008082. [PMID: 34121234 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202008082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The design of advanced functional devices often requires the use of intrinsically curved geometries that belong to the realm of non-Euclidean geometry and remain a challenge for traditional engineering approaches. Here, it is shown how the simple deflection of thick meta-plates based on hexagonal cellular mesostructures can be used to achieve a wide range of intrinsic (i.e., Gaussian) curvatures, including dome-like and saddle-like shapes. Depending on the unit cell structure, non-auxetic (i.e., positive Poisson ratio) or auxetic (i.e., negative Poisson ratio) plates can be obtained, leading to a negative or positive value of the Gaussian curvature upon bending, respectively. It is found that bending such meta-plates along their longitudinal direction induces a curvature along their transverse direction. Experimentally and numerically, it is shown how the amplitude of this induced curvature is related to the longitudinal bending and the geometry of the meta-plate. The approach proposed here constitutes a general route for the rational design of advanced functional devices with intrinsically curved geometries. To demonstrate the merits of this approach, a scaling relationship is presented, and its validity is demonstrated by applying it to 3D-printed microscale meta-plates. Several applications for adaptive optical devices with adjustable focal length and soft wearable robotics are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad J Mirzaali
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
| | - Aref Ghorbani
- Physics and Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, 6708 WG, The Netherlands
| | - Kenichi Nakatani
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
| | - Mahdiyeh Nouri-Goushki
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
| | - Nazli Tümer
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastien J P Callens
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
| | - Shahram Janbaz
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
| | - Angelo Accardo
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
| | - José Bico
- Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot and Laboratoire de Physique et de Mécanique des Milieux Hétérogenes (PMMH), CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University - 10 rue Vauquelin, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Mehdi Habibi
- Physics and Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, 6708 WG, The Netherlands
| | - Amir A Zadpoor
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
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8
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Abstract
This paper shows that below a critical value of dimensionality that lies between two and three, the potential between objects begins to fall as the energy levels increase. For dimensionality below two, the potential becomes constant irrespective of separation and the force between them disappears, which represents a new paradigm of asymptotic freedom. Since asymptotic freedom is at the basis of many applications such as those associated with strange metals, unconventional superconductors, and fractional quantum Hall states, the new paradigm can have novel applications. It also is of relevance to the study of anomalous mechanical effects that are important in metamaterials.
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9
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Abstract
We consider disordered solids in which the microscopic elements can deform plastically in response to stresses on them. We show that by driving the system periodically, this plasticity can be exploited to train in desired elastic properties, both in the global moduli and in local "allosteric" interactions. Periodic driving can couple an applied "source" strain to a "target" strain over a path in the energy landscape. This coupling allows control of the system's response, even at large strains well into the nonlinear regime, where it can be difficult to achieve control simply by design.
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10
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Jiang X, Molokeev MS, Dong L, Dong Z, Wang N, Kang L, Li X, Li Y, Tian C, Peng S, Li W, Lin Z. Anomalous mechanical materials squeezing three-dimensional volume compressibility into one dimension. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5593. [PMID: 33154363 PMCID: PMC7644688 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19219-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Anomalous mechanical materials, with counterintuitive stress-strain responding behaviors, have emerged as novel type of functional materials with highly enhanced performances. Here we demonstrate that the materials with coexisting negative, zero and positive linear compressibilities can squeeze three-dimensional volume compressibility into one dimension, and provide a general and effective way to precisely stabilize the transmission processes under high pressure. We propose a "corrugated-graphite-like" structural model and discover lithium metaborate (LiBO2) to be the first material with such a mechanical behavior. The capability to keep the flux density stability under pressure in LiBO2 is at least two orders higher than that in conventional materials. Our study opens a way to the design and search of ultrastable transmission materials under extreme conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Jiang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Maxim S Molokeev
- Laboratory of Crystal Physics, Kirensky Institute of Physics, SB RAS, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia
- Department of Physics, Far Eastern State Transport University, Khabarovsk, 680021, Russia
- Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russia
| | - Liyuan Dong
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhichao Dong
- Laboratory of Space Astronomy and Technology, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Naizheng Wang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lei Kang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanchun Li
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chuan Tian
- Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Shiliu Peng
- Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; TKL of Metal and Molecule-Based Material Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Zheshuai Lin
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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11
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Pishvar M, Harne RL. Foundations for Soft, Smart Matter by Active Mechanical Metamaterials. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2001384. [PMID: 32999844 PMCID: PMC7509744 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Emerging interest to synthesize active, engineered matter suggests a future where smart material systems and structures operate autonomously around people, serving diverse roles in engineering, medical, and scientific applications. Similar to biological organisms, a realization of active, engineered matter necessitates functionality culminating from a combination of sensory and control mechanisms in a versatile material frame. Recently, metamaterial platforms with integrated sensing and control have been exploited, so that outstanding non-natural material behaviors are empowered by synergistic microstructures and controlled by smart materials and systems. This emerging body of science around active mechanical metamaterials offers a first glimpse at future foundations for autonomous engineered systems referred to here as soft, smart matter. Using natural inspirations, synergy across disciplines, and exploiting multiple length scales as well as multiple physics, researchers are devising compelling exemplars of actively controlled metamaterials, inspiring concepts for autonomous engineered matter. While scientific breakthroughs multiply in these fields, future technical challenges remain to be overcome to fulfill the vision of soft, smart matter. This Review surveys the intrinsically multidisciplinary body of science targeted to realize soft, smart matter via innovations in active mechanical metamaterials and proposes ongoing research targets that may deliver the promise of autonomous, engineered matter to full fruition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Pishvar
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH43210USA
| | - Ryan L. Harne
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH43210USA
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12
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Abstract
Non-affine deformations enable mechanical metamaterials to achieve their unusual properties while imposing implications for their structural integrity. The presence of multiple phases with different mechanical properties results in additional non-affinity of the deformations, a phenomenon that has never been studied before in the area of extremal mechanical metamaterials. Here, we studied the degree of non-affinity, [Formula: see text], resulting from the random substitution of a fraction of the struts,[Formula: see text], that make up a lattice structure and are printed using a soft material (elastic modulus = [Formula: see text]) by those printed using a hard material ([Formula: see text]). Depending on the unit cell angle (i.e., [Formula: see text] = 60°, 90°, or 120°), the lattice structures exhibited negative, near-zero, or positive values of the Poisson's ratio, respectively. We found that the auxetic structures exhibit the highest levels of non-affinity, followed by the structures with positive and near-zero values of the Poisson's ratio. We also observed an increase in [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] until [Formula: see text] =104 and [Formula: see text]= 75%-90% after which [Formula: see text] saturated. The dependency of [Formula: see text] upon [Formula: see text] was therefore found to be highly asymmetric. The positive and negative values of the Poisson's ratio were strongly correlated with [Formula: see text]. Interestingly, achieving extremely high or extremely low values of the Poisson's ratio required highly affine deformations. In conclusion, our results clearly show the importance of considering non-affinity when trying to achieve a specific set of mechanical properties and underscore the structural integrity implications in multi-material mechanical metamaterials.
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13
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Hu Q, Wang J, Xu K, Zhou H, Huang Y, Chen J. Effects of chain polarity of hindered phenol on the damping properties of polymer-based hybrid materials: insights into the molecular mechanism. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2019-0293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
For hindered phenol (HP)/polymer-based hybrid damping materials, the damping properties are greatly affected by the structure variation of HPs. However, the unclear relationship between them limits the exploitation of such promising materials. Therefore, three HPs with different chain polarity were synthesized to explore the relationship in this paper. The structures of the HPs were firstly confirmed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrum, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). For further prepared HP/polyurethane hybrids, FT-IR and XRD were also adopted to confirm the hydrogen bonding interactions and micromorphologies. And, Molecular dynamics simulation was further used to characterize the effects of polarity variation on the hydrogen bonding interactions and chain packing of the hybrids in a quantitative manner. Then, combined with dynamic mechanical analysis, the relationship between the chain polarity variation of the hindered phenols and the damping properties was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoman Hu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences , Yongchuan , Chongqing 402160 , PR China
| | - Junhui Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences , Yongchuan , Chongqing 402160 , PR China
| | - Kangming Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences , Yongchuan , Chongqing 402160 , PR China
| | - Hongdi Zhou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences , Yongchuan , Chongqing 402160 , PR China
| | - Yue Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences , Yongchuan , Chongqing 402160 , PR China
| | - Jinlei Chen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering , Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences , Yongchuan , Chongqing 402160 , PR China
- College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , Chengdu , Sichuan 610065 , PR China
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14
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Mao Y, He Q, Zhao X. Designing complex architectured materials with generative adversarial networks. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz4169. [PMID: 32494641 PMCID: PMC7182413 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz4169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Architectured materials on length scales from nanometers to meters are desirable for diverse applications. Recent advances in additive manufacturing have made mass production of complex architectured materials technologically and economically feasible. Existing architecture design approaches such as bioinspiration, Edisonian, and optimization, however, generally rely on experienced designers' prior knowledge, limiting broad applications of architectured materials. Particularly challenging is designing architectured materials with extreme properties, such as the Hashin-Shtrikman upper bounds on isotropic elasticity in an experience-free manner without prior knowledge. Here, we present an experience-free and systematic approach for the design of complex architectured materials with generative adversarial networks. The networks are trained using simulation data from millions of randomly generated architectures categorized based on different crystallographic symmetries. We demonstrate modeling and experimental results of more than 400 two-dimensional architectures that approach the Hashin-Shtrikman upper bounds on isotropic elastic stiffness with porosities from 0.05 to 0.75.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunwei Mao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Qi He
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Xuanhe Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Corresponding author.
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15
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Konarski SG, Haberman MR, Hamilton MF. Acoustic response for nonlinear, coupled multiscale model containing subwavelength designed microstructure instabilities. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:022215. [PMID: 32168629 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.022215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nonperiodic arrangements of inclusions with incremental linear negative stiffness embedded within a host material offer the ability to achieve unique and useful material properties on the macroscale. In an effort to study such types of inclusions, the present paper develops a time-domain model to capture the nonlinear dynamic response of a heterogeneous medium containing a dilute concentration of subwavelength nonlinear inclusions embedded in a lossy, nearly incompressible medium. Each length scale is modeled via a modified Rayleigh-Plesset equation, which differs from the standard form used in bubble dynamics by accounting for inertial and viscoelastic effects of the oscillating spherical element and includes constitutive equations formulated with incremental deformations. The two length scales are coupled through the constitutive relations and viscoelastic loss for the effective medium, both dependent on the inclusion and matrix properties. The model is then applied to an example nonlinear inclusion with incremental negative linear stiffness stemming from microscale elastic instabilities embedded in a lossy, nearly incompressible host medium. The macroscopic damping performance is shown to be tunable via an externally applied hydrostatic pressure with the example system displaying over two orders of magnitude change in energy dissipation due to changes in prestrain. The numerical results for radial oscillations versus time, frequency spectra, and energy dissipation obtained from the coupled dynamic model captures the expected response for quasistatic and dynamic regimes for an example buckling inclusion for both constrained and unconstrained negative stiffness inclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael R Haberman
- Applied Research Laboratories and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78713, USA
| | - Mark F Hamilton
- Applied Research Laboratories and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78713, USA
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16
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Shakerpoor A, Flenner E, Szamel G. Stability dependence of local structural heterogeneities of stable amorphous solids. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:914-920. [PMID: 31868871 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm02022e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The universal anomalous vibrational and thermal properties of amorphous solids are believed to be related to the local variations of the elasticity. Recently it has been shown that the vibrational properties are sensitive to the glass's stability. Here we study the stability dependence of the local elastic constants of a simulated glass former over a broad range of stabilities, from a poorly annealed glass to a glass whose stability is comparable to laboratory exceptionally stable vapor deposited glasses. We show that with increasing stability the glass becomes more uniform as evidenced by a smaller variance of local elastic constants. We find that, according to the definition of local elastic moduli used in this work, the local elastic moduli are not spatially correlated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Shakerpoor
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
| | - Elijah Flenner
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
| | - Grzegorz Szamel
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
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17
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Chen IT, Schappell E, Zhang X, Chang CH. Continuous roll-to-roll patterning of three-dimensional periodic nanostructures. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2020; 6:22. [PMID: 34567637 PMCID: PMC8433208 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-020-0133-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we introduce a roll-to-roll system that can continuously print three-dimensional (3D) periodic nanostructures over large areas. This approach is based on Langmuir-Blodgett assembly of colloidal nanospheres, which diffract normal incident light to create a complex intensity pattern for near-field nanolithography. The geometry of the 3D nanostructure is defined by the Talbot effect and can be precisely designed by tuning the ratio of the nanosphere diameter to the exposure wavelength. Using this system, we have demonstrated patterning of 3D photonic crystals with a 500 nm period on a 50 × 200 mm2 flexible substrate, with a system throughput of 3 mm/s. The patterning yield is quantitatively analyzed by an automated electron beam inspection method, demonstrating long-term repeatability of an up to 88% yield over a 4-month period. The inspection method can also be employed to examine pattern uniformity, achieving an average yield of up to 78.6% over full substrate areas. The proposed patterning method is highly versatile and scalable as a nanomanufacturing platform and can find application in nanophotonics, nanoarchitected materials, and multifunctional nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Te Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | - Elizabeth Schappell
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
| | - Xiaolong Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
| | - Chih-Hao Chang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
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18
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Xu K, Zhou H, Hu Q, Wang J, Huang Y, Chen J. Molecular Insights Into Chain Length Effects of Hindered Phenol on the Molecular Interactions and Damping Properties of Polymer‐Based Hybrid Materials. POLYM ENG SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kangming Xu
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringChongqing University of Arts and Sciences Chongqing 402160 China
| | - Hongdi Zhou
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringChongqing University of Arts and Sciences Chongqing 402160 China
| | - Qiaoman Hu
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringChongqing University of Arts and Sciences Chongqing 402160 China
| | - Junhui Wang
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringChongqing University of Arts and Sciences Chongqing 402160 China
| | - Yue Huang
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringChongqing University of Arts and Sciences Chongqing 402160 China
| | - Jinlei Chen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental EngineeringChongqing University of Arts and Sciences Chongqing 402160 China
- College of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
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19
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Lubbers LA, van Hecke M. Excess floppy modes and multibranched mechanisms in metamaterials with symmetries. Phys Rev E 2019; 100:021001. [PMID: 31574693 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.100.021001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Floppy modes-deformations that cost zero energy-are central to the mechanics of a wide class of systems. For disordered systems, such as random networks and particle packings, it is well-understood how the number of floppy modes is controlled by the topology of the connections. Here we uncover that symmetric geometries, present in, e.g., mechanical metamaterials, can feature an unlimited number of excess floppy modes that are absent in generic geometries, and in addition can support floppy modes that are multibranched. We study the number Δ of excess floppy modes by comparing generic and symmetric geometries with identical topologies, and show that Δ is extensive, peaks at intermediate connection densities, and exhibits mean-field scaling. We then develop an approximate yet accurate cluster counting algorithm that captures these findings. Finally, we leverage our insights to design metamaterials with multiple folding mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luuk A Lubbers
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Universiteit Leiden, P.O. Box 9504, NL-2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands and AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin van Hecke
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Universiteit Leiden, P.O. Box 9504, NL-2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands and AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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20
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Deng B, Mo C, Tournat V, Bertoldi K, Raney JR. Focusing and Mode Separation of Elastic Vector Solitons in a 2D Soft Mechanical Metamaterial. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:024101. [PMID: 31386527 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.024101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Soft mechanical metamaterials can support a rich set of dynamic responses, which, to date, have received relatively little attention. Here, we report experimental, numerical, and analytical results describing the behavior of an anisotropic two-dimensional flexible mechanical metamaterial when subjected to impact loading. We not only observe the propagation of elastic vector solitons with three components-two translational and one rotational-that are coupled together, but also very rich direction-dependent behaviors such as the formation of sound bullets and the separation of pulses into different solitary modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolei Deng
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Chengyang Mo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Vincent Tournat
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Laboratoire d'Acoustique de l'Université du Mans, LAUM - UMR 6613 CNRS, Le Mans Université, France
| | - Katia Bertoldi
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Kavli Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Jordan R Raney
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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21
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Xu K, Hu Q, Wang J, Zhou H, Chen J. Towards a Stable and High-Performance Hindered Phenol/Polymer-Based Damping Material Through Structure Optimization and Damping Mechanism Revelation. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11050884. [PMID: 31096550 PMCID: PMC6572105 DOI: 10.3390/polym11050884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although hindered phenol/polymer-based hybrid damping materials, with excellent damping performance, attract more and more attention, the poor stability of hindered phenol limits the application of such promising materials. To solve this problem, a linear hindered phenol with amorphous state and low polarity was synthesized and related polyurethane-based hybrid materials were prepared in this study. The structure and state of the hindered phenol were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The existence of intermolecular hydrogen bonds (HBs) between hindered phenol and polyurethane was confirmed by FT-IR, and the amorphous state of the hybrids was confirmed by XRD. Moreover, by a combination of molecular dynamics simulation and dynamic mechanical analysis, the relationship between the structure optimization of the hindered phenol and the high damping performance of the hybrids was quantitatively revealed. By constructing the synthetic hindered phenol, the intramolecular HBs between hindered phenols were restricted, while the strength and concentration of the intermolecular HBs increased by increasing the amount of hindered phenol. Thus, intermolecular interactions were enhanced, which lead to the compact chain packing of polyurethane, extended chain packing of hindered phenol, and good dispersion of hindered phenol in polyurethane. Therefore, the stability of the hindered phenol and the damping properties of the hybrids were both improved. The experiment results are expected to provide some useful information for the design and fabrication of high-performance polymeric damping materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangming Xu
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China.
| | - Qiaoman Hu
- Research Institute for New Materials Technology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China.
| | - Junhui Wang
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China.
| | - Hongdi Zhou
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China.
| | - Jinlei Chen
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China.
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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22
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On the Frequency Up-Conversion Mechanism in Metamaterials-Inspired Vibro-Impact Structures. ACOUSTICS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/acoustics1010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Conventional acoustic absorbers like foams, fiberglass or liners are used commonly in structures for industrial, infrastructural, automotive and aerospace applications to mitigate noise. However, these have limited effectiveness for low-frequencies (LF, <~500 Hz) due to impractically large mass or volume requirements. LF content being less evanescent is a major contributor to environmental noise pollution and induces undesirable structural responses causing diminished efficiency, comfort, payload integrity and mission capabilities. There is, therefore a need to develop lightweight, compact, structurally-integrated solutions to mitigate LF noise in several applications. Inspired by metamaterials, tuned mass-loaded membranes as vibro-impact attachments on a baseline structure are considered to investigate their performance as an LF acoustic barrier. LF incident waves are up-converted via impact to higher modes in the baseline structure which may then be effectively mitigated using conventional means. Such Metamaterials-Inspired Vibro-Impact Structures (MIVIS) could be tuned to match the dominant frequency content of LF acoustic sources. Prototype MIVIS unit cells were designed and tested to study energy transfer mechanism via impact-induced frequency up-conversion and sound transmission loss. Structural acoustic simulations were done to predict responses using models based on normal incidence transmission loss tests. Simulations were validated using experiments and utilized to optimize the energy up-conversion mechanism using parametric studies. Up to 36 dB of sound transmission loss increase is observed at the anti-resonance frequency (326 Hz) within a tunable LF bandwidth of about 300 Hz for the MIVS under white noise excitation. Whereas, it is found that under monotonic excitations, the impact-induced up-conversion redistributes the incident LF monotone to the back plate’s first mode in the transmitted spectrum. This up-conversion could enable further broadband transmission loss via subsequent dissipation in conventional absorbers. Moreover, this approach while minimizing parasitic mass addition retains or could conceivably augment primary functionalities of the baseline structure. Successful transition to applications could enable new mission capabilities for aerospace and military vehicles and help create quieter built environments.
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23
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Cooper CB, Joshipura ID, Parekh DP, Norkett J, Mailen R, Miller VM, Genzer J, Dickey MD. Toughening stretchable fibers via serial fracturing of a metallic core. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaat4600. [PMID: 30801003 PMCID: PMC6386561 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat4600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Tough, biological materials (e.g., collagen or titin) protect tissues from irreversible damage caused by external loads. Mimicking these protective properties is important in packaging and in emerging applications such as durable electronic skins and soft robotics. This paper reports the formation of tough, metamaterial-like core-shell fibers that maintain stress at the fracture strength of a metal throughout the strain of an elastomer. The shell experiences localized strain enhancements that cause the higher modulus core to fracture repeatedly, increasing the energy dissipated during extension. Normally, fractures are catastrophic. However, in this architecture, the fractures are localized to the core. In addition to dissipating energy, the metallic core provides electrical conductivity and enables repair of the fractured core for repeated use. The fibers are 2.5 times tougher than titin and hold more than 15,000 times their own weight for a period 100 times longer than a hollow elastomeric fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B. Cooper
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA
| | - Ishan D. Joshipura
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA
| | - Dishit P. Parekh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA
| | - Justin Norkett
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA
| | - Russell Mailen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA
| | - Victoria M. Miller
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA
| | - Jan Genzer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA
| | - Michael D. Dickey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7905, USA
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24
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Li H, Liu H. On anomalous localized resonance and plasmonic cloaking beyond the quasi-static limit. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2018; 474:20180165. [PMCID: PMC6237511 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2018.0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we give the mathematical construction of novel core-shell plasmonic structures that can induce anomalous localized resonance and invisibility cloaking at certain finite frequencies beyond the quasi-static limit. The crucial ingredient in our study is that the plasmon constant and the loss parameter are constructed in a delicate way that are correlated and depend on the source and the size of the plasmonic structure. As a significant by-product of this study, we also derive the complete spectrum of the Neumann–Poincáre operator associated with the Helmholtz equation with finite frequencies in the radial geometry. The spectral result is the first one in its type and is of significant mathematical interest for its own sake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Department of Mathematics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR
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25
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Ren C, Yang D, Qin H. Mechanical Performance of Multidirectional Buckling-Based Negative Stiffness Metamaterials: An Analytical and Numerical Study. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11071078. [PMID: 29941823 PMCID: PMC6073399 DOI: 10.3390/ma11071078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Unidirectional, bidirectional and tridirectional Buckling-based Negative Stiffness (BNS) lattice metamaterials are designed by adding prefabricated curved beams into multidimensional rigid frames. Finite Element Analysis models are built, and their mechanical performance is investigated and discussed. First, geometric parameters of the curved beam were systematically studied with numerical analyses and the results were validated by theoretical solutions. Next, within unidirectional designs of different layer numbers, the basic properties of multilayer BNS metamaterials were revealed via quasi-static compressions. Then, the bidirectional and tridirectional designs were loaded on orthogonal axes to research both the quasi-static and dynamic behaviors. For dynamic analysis conditions, simulation scenarios of different impact velocities were implemented and compared. The results demonstrate that the proposed numerical analysis step has accurately predicted the force-displacement relations of both the curved beam and multilayer designs and the relations can be tuned via different geometric parameters. Moreover, the macroscopic performance of the metamaterials is sensitive to the rigidity of supporting frames. The shock force during impact is reduced down below the buckling thresholds of metamaterial designs and sharp impact damage is avoided. The presented metamaterials are able to undergo multiaxial stress conditions while retaining the negative stiffness effect and energy-absorbing nature and possess abundant freedom of parametric design, which is potentially useful in shock and vibration engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhui Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Ship and Deep-Sea Exploration, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Deqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Ship and Deep-Sea Exploration, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Haoxing Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Ship and Deep-Sea Exploration, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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26
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Yu K, Fang NX, Huang G, Wang Q. Magnetoactive Acoustic Metamaterials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1706348. [PMID: 29638017 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201706348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic metamaterials with negative constitutive parameters (modulus and/or mass density) have shown great potential in diverse applications ranging from sonic cloaking, abnormal refraction and superlensing, to noise canceling. In conventional acoustic metamaterials, the negative constitutive parameters are engineered via tailored structures with fixed geometries; therefore, the relationships between constitutive parameters and acoustic frequencies are typically fixed to form a 2D phase space once the structures are fabricated. Here, by means of a model system of magnetoactive lattice structures, stimuli-responsive acoustic metamaterials are demonstrated to be able to extend the 2D phase space to 3D through rapidly and repeatedly switching signs of constitutive parameters with remote magnetic fields. It is shown for the first time that effective modulus can be reversibly switched between positive and negative within controlled frequency regimes through lattice buckling modulated by theoretically predicted magnetic fields. The magnetically triggered negative-modulus and cavity-induced negative density are integrated to achieve flexible switching between single-negative and double-negative. This strategy opens promising avenues for remote, rapid, and reversible modulation of acoustic transportation, refraction, imaging, and focusing in subwavelength regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunhao Yu
- Sonny Astani Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Nicholas X Fang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Guoliang Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Qiming Wang
- Sonny Astani Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
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27
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Zhou MH, Meng WL, Zhang CY, Li XB, Wu JZ, Zhang NH. The pH-dependent elastic properties of nanoscale DNA films and the resultant bending signals for microcantilever biosensors. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:3028-3039. [PMID: 29637943 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01883e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The diverse mechanical properties of nanoscale DNA films on solid substrates have a close correlation with complex detection signals of micro-/nano-devices. This paper is devoted to formulating several multiscale models to study the effect of pH-dependent ionic inhomogeneity on the graded elastic properties of nanoscale DNA films and the resultant bending deflections of microcantilever biosensors. First, a modified inverse Debye length is introduced to improve the classical Poisson-Boltzmann equation for the electrical potential of DNA films to consider the inhomogeneous effect of hydrogen ions. Second, the graded characteristics of the particle distribution are taken into consideration for an improvement in Parsegian's mesoscopic potential for both attraction-dominated and repulsion-dominated films. Third, by the improved interchain interaction potential and the thought experiment about the compression of a macroscopic continuum DNA bar, we investigate the diversity of the elastic properties of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) films due to pH variations. The relevant theoretical predictions quantitatively or qualitatively agree well with the relevant DNA experiments on the electrical potential, film thickness, condensation force, elastic modulus, and microcantilever deflections. The competition between attraction and repulsion among the fixed charges and the free ions endows the DNA film with mechanical properties such as a remarkable size effect and a non-monotonic behavior, and a negative elastic modulus is first revealed in the attraction-dominated ssDNA film. There exists a transition between the pH-sensitive parameter interval and the pH-insensitive one for the bending signals of microcantilevers, which is predominated by the initial stress effect in the DNA film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Hong Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China
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28
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Effect of chain length of polyisobutylene oligomers on the molecular motion modes of butyl rubber: Damping property. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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29
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Unwin AP, Hine PJ, Ward IM, Fujita M, Tanaka E, Gusev AA. Escaping the Ashby limit for mechanical damping/stiffness trade-off using a constrained high internal friction interfacial layer. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2454. [PMID: 29410460 PMCID: PMC5802709 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20670-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of new materials with reduced noise and vibration levels is an active area of research due to concerns in various aspects of environmental noise pollution and its effects on health. Excessive vibrations also reduce the service live of the structures and limit the fields of their utilization. In oscillations, the viscoelastic moduli of a material are complex and it is their loss part - the product of the stiffness part and loss tangent - that is commonly viewed as a figure of merit in noise and vibration damping applications. The stiffness modulus and loss tangent are usually mutually exclusive properties so it is a technological challenge to develop materials that simultaneously combine high stiffness and high loss. Here we achieve this rare balance of properties by filling a solid polymer matrix with rigid inorganic spheres coated by a sub-micron layer of a viscoelastic material with a high level of internal friction. We demonstrate that this combination can be experimentally realised and that the analytically predicted behaviour is closely reproduced, thereby escaping the often termed 'Ashby' limit for mechanical stiffness/damping trade-off and offering a new route for manufacturing advanced composite structures with markedly reduced noise and vibration levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Unwin
- Soft Matter Physics Group, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - P J Hine
- Soft Matter Physics Group, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - I M Ward
- Soft Matter Physics Group, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - M Fujita
- The Kaiteki Institute, Mitsubishi Chemical Holdings, 1-1 Marunouchi 1-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - E Tanaka
- The Kaiteki Institute, Mitsubishi Chemical Holdings, 1-1 Marunouchi 1-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A A Gusev
- Institute of Polymers, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.
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30
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Peng J, Cheng Q. High-Performance Nanocomposites Inspired by Nature. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1702959. [PMID: 29058359 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201702959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Natural materials, including nacre, bone, and the lobster cuticle, exhibit excellent mechanical properties, combining high strength and toughness. Such materials have the added benefit of being light in weight. These advantageous features are due to such natural materials' orderly hierarchical architectures and abundant interface interactions. How to utilize these design principles created by nature to fabricate high-performance bioinspired nanocomposites remains a great research challenge. A logical roadmap for developing these nanocomposites can be described as "discovery, invention, and creation." Here, the discovery of the relationship between natural materials' design principles and such materials' extraordinary mechanical properties is discussed. Then, the invention of bioinspired strategies for mimicking natural materials is considered and representative strategies addressed. Next, the creation of multifunctional nanocomposites is discussed and bioinspired nanocomposites, including fiber nanocomposites, 2D film nanocomposites, and 3D bulk nanocomposites reviewed. Finally, a perspective and outlook for future directions in making bioinspired nanocomposites is provided to offer inspiration to the community and a clear vision for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Qunfeng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
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31
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Reeve ST, Belessiotis-Richards A, Strachan A. Harnessing mechanical instabilities at the nanoscale to achieve ultra-low stiffness metals. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1137. [PMID: 29074955 PMCID: PMC5658392 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01260-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Alloy and microstructure optimization have led to impressive improvements in the strength of engineering metals, while the range of Young's moduli achievable has remained essentially unchanged. This is because stiffness is insensitive to microstructure and bounded by individual components in composites. Here we design ultra-low stiffness in fully dense, nanostructured metals via the stabilization of a mechanically unstable, negative stiffness state of a martensitic alloy by its coherent integration with a compatible, stable second component. Explicit large-scale molecular dynamics simulations of the metamaterials with state of the art potentials confirm the expected ultra-low stiffness while maintaining full strength. We find moduli as low as 2 GPa, a value typical of soft materials and over one order of magnitude lower than either constituent, defying long-standing composite bounds. Such properties are attractive for flexible electronics and implantable devices. Our concept is generally applicable and could significantly enhance materials science design space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Temple Reeve
- School of Materials Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
| | | | - Alejandro Strachan
- School of Materials Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA.
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32
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Elettro H, Vollrath F, Antkowiak A, Neukirch S. Drop-on-coilable-fibre systems exhibit negative stiffness events and transitions in coiling morphology. SOFT MATTER 2017; 13:5509-5517. [PMID: 28744539 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm00368d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the mechanics of elastic fibres carrying liquid droplets. In such systems, buckling may localize inside the drop cavity if the fibre is thin enough. This so-called drop-on-coilable-fibre system exhibits a surprising liquid-like response under compression and a solid-like response under tension. Here we analyze this unconventional behavior in further detail and find theoretical, numerical and experimental evidence of negative stiffness events. We find that the first and main negative stiffness regime owes its existence to the transfer of capillary-stored energy into mechanical curvature energy. The following negative stiffness events are associated with changes in the coiling morphology of the fibre. Eventually coiling becomes tightly locked into an ordered phase where liquid and solid deformations coexist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Elettro
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7190 Institut Jean Le Rond d'Alembert, F-75005 Paris, France
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33
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Yeom B, Sain T, Lacevic N, Bukharina D, Cha SH, Waas AM, Arruda EM, Kotov NA. Abiotic tooth enamel. Nature 2017; 543:95-98. [PMID: 28252079 DOI: 10.1038/nature21410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Tooth enamel comprises parallel microscale and nanoscale ceramic columns or prisms interlaced with a soft protein matrix. This structural motif is unusually consistent across all species from all geological eras. Such invariability-especially when juxtaposed with the diversity of other tissues-suggests the existence of a functional basis. Here we performed ex vivo replication of enamel-inspired columnar nanocomposites by sequential growth of zinc oxide nanowire carpets followed by layer-by-layer deposition of a polymeric matrix around these. We show that the mechanical properties of these nanocomposites, including hardness, are comparable to those of enamel despite the nanocomposites having a smaller hard-phase content. Our abiotic enamels have viscoelastic figures of merit (VFOM) and weight-adjusted VFOM that are similar to, or higher than, those of natural tooth enamels-we achieve values that exceed the traditional materials limits of 0.6 and 0.8, respectively. VFOM values describe resistance to vibrational damage, and our columnar composites demonstrate that light-weight materials of unusually high resistance to structural damage from shocks, environmental vibrations and oscillatory stress can be made using biomimetic design. The previously inaccessible combinations of high stiffness, damping and light weight that we achieve in these layer-by-layer composites are attributed to efficient energy dissipation in the interfacial portion of the organic phase. The in vivo contribution of this interfacial portion to macroscale deformations along the tooth's normal is maximized when the architecture is columnar, suggesting an evolutionary advantage of the columnar motif in the enamel of living species. We expect our findings to apply to all columnar composites and to lead to the development of high-performance load-bearing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongjun Yeom
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, South Korea
| | - Trisha Sain
- Mechanical Engineering-Engineering Mechanics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, USA
| | - Naida Lacevic
- Illinois Applied Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61820, USA
| | - Daria Bukharina
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Sang-Ho Cha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon 443-760, South Korea
| | - Anthony M Waas
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,William E. Boeing Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, USA
| | - Ellen M Arruda
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Program in Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Nicholas A Kotov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.,Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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34
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Hewage TAM, Alderson KL, Alderson A, Scarpa F. Double-Negative Mechanical Metamaterials Displaying Simultaneous Negative Stiffness and Negative Poisson's Ratio Properties. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:10323-10332. [PMID: 27781310 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201603959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A scalable mechanical metamaterial simultaneously displaying negative stiffness and negative Poisson's ratio responses is presented. Interlocking hexagonal subunit assemblies containing 3 alternative embedded negative stiffness (NS) element types display Poisson's ratio values of -1 and NS values over two orders of magnitude (-1.4 N mm-1 to -160 N mm-1 ), in good agreement with model predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trishan A M Hewage
- Materials and Engineering Research Institute, Faculty of Arts, Computing, Engineering and Sciences, Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK
| | | | - Andrew Alderson
- Materials and Engineering Research Institute, Faculty of Arts, Computing, Engineering and Sciences, Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK
| | - Fabrizio Scarpa
- Advanced Composites Centre for Innovation and Science, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TR, UK
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35
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Florijn B, Coulais C, van Hecke M. Programmable mechanical metamaterials: the role of geometry. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:8736-8743. [PMID: 27714363 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm01271j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally and numerically study the role of geometry for the mechanics of biholar metamaterials, which are quasi-2D slabs of rubber patterned by circular holes of two alternating sizes. We recently showed how the response to uniaxial compression of these metamaterials can be programmed by lateral confinement. In particular, there is a range of confining strains εx for which the resistance to compression becomes non-trivial-non-monotonic or hysteretic-in a range of compressive strains εy. Here we show how the dimensionless geometrical parameters t and χ, which characterize the wall thickness and size ratio of the holes that pattern these metamaterials, can significantly tune these ranges over a wide range. We study the behavior for the limiting cases where the wall thickness t and the size ratio χ become large, and discuss the new physics that arises there. Away from these extreme limits, the variation of the strain ranges of interest is smooth with porosity, but the variation with size ratio evidences a cross-over at low χ from biholar to monoholar (equal sized holes) behavior, related to the elastic instabilities in purely monoholar metamaterials. Our study provides precise guidelines for the rational design of programmable biholar metamaterials, tailored to specific applications, and indicates that the widest range of programmability arises for moderate values of both t and χ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastiaan Florijn
- Huygens-Kamerling Onnes Lab, Universiteit Leiden, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands. and FOM Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Corentin Coulais
- Huygens-Kamerling Onnes Lab, Universiteit Leiden, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands. and FOM Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin van Hecke
- Huygens-Kamerling Onnes Lab, Universiteit Leiden, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands. and FOM Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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36
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Xiao S, Peter C, Kremer K. Systematic comparison of model polymer nanocomposite mechanics. BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS 2016; 11:055008. [PMID: 27623170 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/11/5/055008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Polymer nanocomposites render a range of outstanding materials from natural products such as silk, sea shells and bones, to synthesized nanoclay or carbon nanotube reinforced polymer systems. In contrast to the fast expanding interest in this type of material, the fundamental mechanisms of their mixing, phase behavior and reinforcement, especially for higher nanoparticle content as relevant for bio-inorganic composites, are still not fully understood. Although polymer nanocomposites exhibit diverse morphologies, qualitatively their mechanical properties are believed to be governed by a few parameters, namely their internal polymer network topology, nanoparticle volume fraction, particle surface properties and so on. Relating material mechanics to such elementary parameters is the purpose of this work. By taking a coarse-grained molecular modeling approach, we study an range of different polymer nanocomposites. We vary polymer nanoparticle connectivity, surface geometry and volume fraction to systematically study rheological/mechanical properties. Our models cover different materials, and reproduce key characteristics of real nanocomposites, such as phase separation, mechanical reinforcement. The results shed light on establishing elementary structure, property and function relationship of polymer nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senbo Xiao
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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37
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Frenzel T, Findeisen C, Kadic M, Gumbsch P, Wegener M. Tailored Buckling Microlattices as Reusable Light-Weight Shock Absorbers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:5865-70. [PMID: 27159205 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201600610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Structures and materials absorbing mechanical (shock) energy commonly exploit either viscoelasticity or destructive modifications. Based on a class of uniaxial light-weight geometrically nonlinear mechanical microlattices and using buckling of inner elements, either a sequence of snap-ins followed by irreversible hysteretic - yet repeatable - self-recovery or multistability is achieved, enabling programmable behavior. Proof-of-principle experiments on three-dimensional polymer microstructures are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Frenzel
- Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Claudio Findeisen
- Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Mechanics of Materials IWM, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Muamer Kadic
- Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Peter Gumbsch
- Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Mechanics of Materials IWM, 79108, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Wegener
- Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
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38
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Wang YF, Wang YS, Zhang C. Two-dimensional locally resonant elastic metamaterials with chiral comb-like interlayers: Bandgap and simultaneously double negative properties. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2016; 139:3311. [PMID: 27369156 DOI: 10.1121/1.4950766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, bandgap and dynamic effective properties of two-dimensional elastic metamaterials with a chiral comb-like interlayer are studied by using the finite element method. The effects of the geometrical parameters of the chiral comb-like interlayer on the band edges are investigated and discussed. Combined with the analysis of the vibration modes at the band edges, equivalent spring-mass/pendulum models are developed to investigate the mechanisms of the bandgap generation. The analytically predicted results of the band edges, including the frequency where the double negative properties appear, and the numerical ones are generally in good agreement. The research findings in this paper have relevant engineering applications of the elastic metamaterials in the low frequency range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Feng Wang
- Institute of Engineering Mechanics, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yue-Sheng Wang
- Institute of Engineering Mechanics, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Chuanzeng Zhang
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Siegen, Siegen 57068, Germany
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39
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3D printed cellular solid outperforms traditional stochastic foam in long-term mechanical response. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24871. [PMID: 27117858 PMCID: PMC4846814 DOI: 10.1038/srep24871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
3D printing of polymeric foams by direct-ink-write is a recent technological breakthrough that enables the creation of versatile compressible solids with programmable microstructure, customizable shapes, and tunable mechanical response including negative elastic modulus. However, in many applications the success of these 3D printed materials as a viable replacement for traditional stochastic foams critically depends on their mechanical performance and micro-architectural stability while deployed under long-term mechanical strain. To predict the long-term performance of the two types of foams we employed multi-year-long accelerated aging studies under compressive strain followed by a time-temperature-superposition analysis using a minimum-arc-length-based algorithm. The resulting master curves predict superior long-term performance of the 3D printed foam in terms of two different metrics, i.e., compression set and load retention. To gain deeper understanding, we imaged the microstructure of both foams using X-ray computed tomography, and performed finite-element analysis of the mechanical response within these microstructures. This indicates a wider stress variation in the stochastic foam with points of more extreme local stress as compared to the 3D printed material, which might explain the latter’s improved long-term stability and mechanical performance.
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40
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Churchill CB, Shahan DW, Smith SP, Keefe AC, McKnight GP. Dynamically variable negative stiffness structures. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1500778. [PMID: 26989771 PMCID: PMC4788489 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1500778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Variable stiffness structures that enable a wide range of efficient load-bearing and dexterous activity are ubiquitous in mammalian musculoskeletal systems but are rare in engineered systems because of their complexity, power, and cost. We present a new negative stiffness-based load-bearing structure with dynamically tunable stiffness. Negative stiffness, traditionally used to achieve novel response from passive structures, is a powerful tool to achieve dynamic stiffness changes when configured with an active component. Using relatively simple hardware and low-power, low-frequency actuation, we show an assembly capable of fast (<10 ms) and useful (>100×) dynamic stiffness control. This approach mitigates limitations of conventional tunable stiffness structures that exhibit either small (<30%) stiffness change, high friction, poor load/torque transmission at low stiffness, or high power active control at the frequencies of interest. We experimentally demonstrate actively tunable vibration isolation and stiffness tuning independent of supported loads, enhancing applications such as humanoid robotic limbs and lightweight adaptive vibration isolators.
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41
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Lee M, Kim B, Kim QH, Hwang J, An S, Jhe W. Viscometry of single nanoliter-volume droplets using dynamic force spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:27684-27690. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp05896e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present an atomic force microscope-based platform for viscometry of ‘nanoliter' volume fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manhee Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Institute of Applied Physics
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 151-747
- Korea
| | - Bongsu Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Institute of Applied Physics
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 151-747
- Korea
| | - QHwan Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Institute of Applied Physics
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 151-747
- Korea
| | - JongGeun Hwang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Institute of Applied Physics
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 151-747
- Korea
| | - Sangmin An
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Institute of Applied Physics
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 151-747
- Korea
| | - Wonho Jhe
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Institute of Applied Physics
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 151-747
- Korea
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42
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Bunyan J, Vakakis AF, Tawfick S. Mechanisms for impulsive energy dissipation and small-scale effects in microgranular media. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2015; 92:062206. [PMID: 26764681 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.92.062206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We study impulse response in one-dimensional homogeneous microgranular chains on a linear elastic substrate. Microgranular interactions are analytically described by the Schwarz contact model which includes nonlinear compressive as well as snap-to and from-contact adhesive effects forming a hysteretic loop in the force deformation relationship. We observe complex transient dynamics, including disintegration of solitary pulses, local clustering, and low-to-high-frequency energy transfers resulting in enhanced energy dissipation. We study in detail the underlying dynamics of cluster formation in the impulsively loaded medium and relate enhanced energy dissipation to the rate of cluster formation. These unusual and interesting dynamical phenomena are shown to be robust over a range of physically feasible conditions and are solely scale effects since they are attributed to surface forces, which have no effect at the macroscale. We establish a universal relation between the reclustering rate and the effective damping in these systems. Our findings demonstrate that scale effects generating new nonlinear features can drastically affect the dynamics and acoustics of microgranular materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Bunyan
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61801-6983, USA
| | - Alexander F Vakakis
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61801-6983, USA
| | - Sameh Tawfick
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61801-6983, USA
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43
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Frazier MJ, Hussein MI. Viscous-to-viscoelastic transition in phononic crystal and metamaterial band structures. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2015; 138:3169-3180. [PMID: 26627790 DOI: 10.1121/1.4934845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The dispersive behavior of phononic crystals and locally resonant metamaterials is influenced by the type and degree of damping in the unit cell. Dissipation arising from viscoelastic damping is influenced by the past history of motion because the elastic component of the damping mechanism adds a storage capacity. Following a state-space framework, a Bloch eigenvalue problem incorporating general viscoelastic damping based on the Zener model is constructed. In this approach, the conventional Kelvin-Voigt viscous-damping model is recovered as a special case. In a continuous fashion, the influence of the elastic component of the damping mechanism on the band structure of both a phononic crystal and a metamaterial is examined. While viscous damping generally narrows a band gap, the hereditary nature of the viscoelastic conditions reverses this behavior. In the limit of vanishing heredity, the transition between the two regimes is analyzed. The presented theory also allows increases in modal dissipation enhancement (metadamping) to be quantified as the type of damping transitions from viscoelastic to viscous. In conclusion, it is shown that engineering the dissipation allows one to control the dispersion (large versus small band gaps) and, conversely, engineering the dispersion affects the degree of dissipation (high or low metadamping).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Frazier
- Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Mahmoud I Hussein
- Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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Rafsanjani A, Akbarzadeh A, Pasini D. Snapping mechanical metamaterials under tension. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:5931-5. [PMID: 26314680 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201502809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
A snapping mechanical metamaterial is designed, which exhibits a sequential snap-through behavior under tension. The tensile response of this mechanical metamaterial can be altered by tuning the architecture of the snapping segments to achieve a range of nonlinear mechanical responses, including monotonic, S-shaped, plateau, and non-monotonic snap-through behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Rafsanjani
- Mechanical Engineering Department, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A OC3, Canada
| | - Abdolhamid Akbarzadeh
- Mechanical Engineering Department, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A OC3, Canada
- Bioresource Engineering Department, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-BellevueIsland of Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Damiano Pasini
- Mechanical Engineering Department, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A OC3, Canada
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45
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Nanoscopic dynamic mechanical analysis of resin-infiltrated dentine, under in vitro chewing and bruxism events. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2015; 54:33-47. [PMID: 26414515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the induced changes in mechanical behavior and bonding capability of resin-infiltrated dentine interfaces, after application of mechanical stimuli. Dentine surfaces were subjected to partial demineralization through 37% phosphoric acid etching followed by the application of an etch-and-rinse dentine adhesive, Single Bond (3M/ESPE). Bonded interfaces were stored in simulated body fluid during 24h, and then tested or submitted to the mechanical loading challenge. Different loading waveforms were applied: No cycling (I), 24h cycled in sine (II) or square (III) waves, sustained loading held for 24h (IV) or sustained loading held for 72h (V). Microtensile bond strength (MTBS) was assessed for the different groups. Debonded dentine surfaces were studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). At the resin-dentine interface, both the hybrid layer (HL) and the bottom of the hybrid layer (BHL), and both peritubular and intertubular were evaluated using a nanoindenter in scanning mode. The load and displacement responses were used to perform the nano-Dynamic Mechanical analysis and to estimate the complex and storage modulus. Dye assisted Confocal Microscopy Evaluation was used to assess sealing ability. Load cycling increased the percentage of adhesive failures in all groups. Specimens load cycled in held 24h attained the highest complex and storage moduli at HL and BHL. The storage modulus was maximum in specimens load cycled in held 24h at peritubular dentine, and the lowest values were attained at intertubular dentine. The storage modulus increased in all mechanical tests, at peritubular dentine. An absence of micropermeability and nanoleakage after loading in sine and square waveforms were encountered. Porosity of the resin-dentine interface was observed when specimens were load cycled in held 72h. Areas of combined sealing and permeability were discovered at the interface of specimens load cycled in held 24h. Crack-bridging images appeared in samples load cycled with sine waveform, after FESEM examination.
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He J, Hogan T, Mion TR, Hafiz H, He Y, Denlinger JD, Mo SK, Dhital C, Chen X, Lin Q, Zhang Y, Hashimoto M, Pan H, Lu DH, Arita M, Shimada K, Markiewicz RS, Wang Z, Kempa K, Naughton MJ, Bansil A, Wilson SD, He RH. Spectroscopic evidence for negative electronic compressibility in a quasi-three-dimensional spin-orbit correlated metal. NATURE MATERIALS 2015; 14:577-582. [PMID: 25915033 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Negative compressibility is a sign of thermodynamic instability of open or non-equilibrium systems. In quantum materials consisting of multiple mutually coupled subsystems, the compressibility of one subsystem can be negative if it is countered by positive compressibility of the others. Manifestations of this effect have so far been limited to low-dimensional dilute electron systems. Here, we present evidence from angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) for negative electronic compressibility (NEC) in the quasi-three-dimensional (3D) spin-orbit correlated metal (Sr1-xLax)3Ir2O7. Increased electron filling accompanies an anomalous decrease of the chemical potential, as indicated by the overall movement of the deep valence bands. Such anomaly, suggestive of NEC, is shown to be primarily driven by the lowering in energy of the conduction band as the correlated bandgap reduces. Our finding points to a distinct pathway towards an uncharted territory of NEC featuring bulk correlated metals with unique potential for applications in low-power nanoelectronics and novel metamaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng He
- Department of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA
| | - T Hogan
- Department of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA
| | - Thomas R Mion
- Department of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA
| | - H Hafiz
- Physics Department, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Y He
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource &Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J D Denlinger
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S-K Mo
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - C Dhital
- Department of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA
| | - X Chen
- Department of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA
| | - Qisen Lin
- Department of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - M Hashimoto
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource &Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - H Pan
- Department of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA
| | - D H Lu
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource &Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Arita
- Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - K Shimada
- Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - R S Markiewicz
- Physics Department, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Z Wang
- Department of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA
| | - K Kempa
- Department of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA
| | - M J Naughton
- Department of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA
| | - A Bansil
- Physics Department, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - S D Wilson
- 1] Department of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA [2] Materials Department, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Rui-Hua He
- Department of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA
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Waitukaitis S, Menaut R, Chen BGG, van Hecke M. Origami multistability: from single vertices to metasheets. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:055503. [PMID: 25699454 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.055503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We show that the simplest building blocks of origami-based materials-rigid, degree-four vertices-are generically multistable. The existence of two distinct branches of folding motion emerging from the flat state suggests at least bistability, but we show how nonlinearities in the folding motions allow generic vertex geometries to have as many as five stable states. In special geometries with collinear folds and symmetry, more branches emerge leading to as many as six stable states. Tuning the fold energy parameters, we show how monostability is also possible. Finally, we show how to program the stability features of a single vertex into a periodic fold tessellation. The resulting metasheets provide a previously unanticipated functionality-tunable and switchable shape and size via multistability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Waitukaitis
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Rémi Menaut
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands and École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, BP 7000, 69342 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Bryan Gin-ge Chen
- Instituut-Lorentz for Theoretical Physics, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9506, 2333 CA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Martin van Hecke
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands
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48
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Florijn B, Coulais C, van Hecke M. Programmable mechanical metamaterials. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:175503. [PMID: 25379923 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.175503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We create mechanical metamaterials whose response to uniaxial compression can be programmed by lateral confinement, allowing monotonic, nonmonotonic, and hysteretic behavior. These functionalities arise from a broken rotational symmetry which causes highly nonlinear coupling of deformations along the two primary axes of these metamaterials. We introduce a soft mechanism model which captures the programmable mechanics, and outline a general design strategy for confined mechanical metamaterials. Finally, we show how inhomogeneous confinement can be explored to create multistability and giant hysteresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastiaan Florijn
- Huygens-Kamerling Onnes Lab, Universiteit Leiden, Postbus 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Corentin Coulais
- Huygens-Kamerling Onnes Lab, Universiteit Leiden, Postbus 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martin van Hecke
- Huygens-Kamerling Onnes Lab, Universiteit Leiden, Postbus 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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49
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Qian X, Wang N, Li Y, Zhang J, Xu Z, Long Y. Bioinspired multifunctional vanadium dioxide: improved thermochromism and hydrophobicity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:10766-71. [PMID: 25164486 DOI: 10.1021/la502787q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Vanadium dioxide (VO2) films with moth-eye nanostructures have been fabricated to enhance the thermochromic properties with different periodicity (d) to achieve antireflection (AR). It is revealed that the films with smaller d (210 and 440 nm) could increase both the luminous transmission (Tlum) and infrared transmission (TIR) at 25 and 90 °C, as the d is smaller than the given wavelength and the gradient refractive index produces antireflection. The average Tlum and TIR of VO2 increase with decreasing d. Compared with the planar film, the AR sample with periodicity of 210 nm and thickness of 140 nm can offer approximately 10% enhancement of Tlum and 24.5% increase in solar modulation (ΔTsol). With the addition of hydrophobic overcoat on the patterned VO2, ∼120° contact angle could be achieved. The present approach can tailor the optical transmittance in different wavelengths at high and low temperature together with self-cleaning, opening new avenues for producing hydrophobic VO2 with enhanced thermochromic properties for smart window applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xukun Qian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 639798, Singapore
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50
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Nadkarni N, Daraio C, Kochmann DM. Dynamics of periodic mechanical structures containing bistable elastic elements: from elastic to solitary wave propagation. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 90:023204. [PMID: 25215840 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.90.023204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the nonlinear dynamics of a periodic chain of bistable elements consisting of masses connected by elastic springs whose constraint arrangement gives rise to a large-deformation snap-through instability. We show that the resulting negative-stiffness effect produces three different regimes of (linear and nonlinear) wave propagation in the periodic medium, depending on the wave amplitude. At small amplitudes, linear elastic waves experience dispersion that is controllable by the geometry and by the level of precompression. At moderate to large amplitudes, solitary waves arise in the weakly and strongly nonlinear regime. For each case, we present closed-form analytical solutions and we confirm our theoretical findings by specific numerical examples. The precompression reveals a class of wave propagation for a partially positive and negative potential. The presented results highlight opportunities in the design of mechanical metamaterials based on negative-stiffness elements, which go beyond current concepts primarily based on linear elastic wave propagation. Our findings shed light on the rich effective dynamics achievable by nonlinear small-scale instabilities in solids and structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neel Nadkarni
- Graduate Aerospace Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Chiara Daraio
- Graduate Aerospace Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA and Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dennis M Kochmann
- Graduate Aerospace Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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