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Guo J, Chen S, Zhang Y, Liu J, Jiang L, Hu L, Yao K, Yu Y, Chen X. Cholesterol metabolism: physiological regulation and diseases. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e476. [PMID: 38405060 PMCID: PMC10893558 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol homeostasis is crucial for cellular and systemic function. The disorder of cholesterol metabolism not only accelerates the onset of cardiovascular disease (CVD) but is also the fundamental cause of other ailments. The regulation of cholesterol metabolism in the human is an extremely complex process. Due to the dynamic balance between cholesterol synthesis, intake, efflux and storage, cholesterol metabolism generally remains secure. Disruption of any of these links is likely to have adverse effects on the body. At present, increasing evidence suggests that abnormal cholesterol metabolism is closely related to various systemic diseases. However, the exact mechanism by which cholesterol metabolism contributes to disease pathogenesis remains unclear, and there are still unknown factors. In this review, we outline the metabolic process of cholesterol in the human body, especially reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). Then, we discuss separately the impact of abnormal cholesterol metabolism on common diseases and potential therapeutic targets for each disease, including CVD, tumors, neurological diseases, and immune system diseases. At the end of this review, we focus on the effect of cholesterol metabolism on eye diseases. In short, we hope to provide more new ideas for the pathogenesis and treatment of diseases from the perspective of cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Guo
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Silong Chen
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Ying Zhang
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
- Institute of Translational MedicineZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Jinxia Liu
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Luyang Jiang
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Lidan Hu
- National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthThe Children's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Ke Yao
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Yibo Yu
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
| | - Xiangjun Chen
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
- Institute of Translational MedicineZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang ProvinceChina
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2
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Tan J, Li Y. Revisiting the interconnection between lipids and vitamin K metabolism: insights from recent research and potential therapeutic implications: a review. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2024; 21:6. [PMID: 38172964 PMCID: PMC10763176 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-023-00779-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin K is a lipophilic vitamin, whose absorption, transportation, and distribution are influenced by lipids. The plasma vitamin K level after supplementation is predominantly a lipid-driven effect and independent of existing vitamin K status. However, previous studies examining the efficacy of vitamin K supplementation often overlooked the influence of lipid levels on vitamin K absorption, resulting in inconsistent outcomes. Recent research discovered that impaired transportation of vitamin K2 within uremic high-density lipoproteins (HDL) in individuals with uremia might elucidate the lack of beneficial effects in preventing calcification observed in multiple trials involving menaquinone-7 (MK-7) supplementation among patients with chronic kidney disease. Clinical findings have shown that drugs used to regulate hyperlipidemia interact with the vitamin K antagonist warfarin, because cholesterol and vitamin K share common transport receptors, such as Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1) and ATP-binding cassette protein G5/G8 (ABCG5/ABCG8), in enterocytes and hepatocytes. Additionally, cholesterol and vitamin K share a common biosynthetic intermediate called geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP). It is important to note that statins, which hinder cholesterol synthesis, can also impede vitamin K conversion, ultimately impacting the functionality of vitamin K-dependent proteins. Furthermore, certain studies have indicated that vitamin K supplementation holds potential in managing hyperlipidemia, potentially opening a novel avenue for controlling hyperlipidemia using dietary vitamin K supplements. Therefore, attaining a more comprehensive understanding of the intricate interplay between vitamin K and lipids will yield valuable insights concerning the utilization of vitamin K and lipid regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tan
- Department of Hematology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ying Li
- School of Medicine, North Scihuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
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3
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Rossino G, Marchese E, Galli G, Verde F, Finizio M, Serra M, Linciano P, Collina S. Peptides as Therapeutic Agents: Challenges and Opportunities in the Green Transition Era. Molecules 2023; 28:7165. [PMID: 37894644 PMCID: PMC10609221 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptides are at the cutting edge of contemporary research for new potent, selective, and safe therapeutical agents. Their rise has reshaped the pharmaceutical landscape, providing solutions to challenges that traditional small molecules often cannot address. A wide variety of natural and modified peptides have been obtained and studied, and many others are advancing in clinical trials, covering multiple therapeutic areas. As the demand for peptide-based therapies grows, so does the need for sustainable and environmentally friendly synthesis methods. Traditional peptide synthesis, while effective, often involves environmentally draining processes, generating significant waste and consuming vast resources. The integration of green chemistry offers sustainable alternatives, prioritizing eco-friendly processes, waste reduction, and energy conservation. This review delves into the transformative potential of applying green chemistry principles to peptide synthesis by discussing relevant examples of the application of such approaches to the production of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) with a peptide structure and how these efforts are critical for an effective green transition era in the pharmaceutical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Rossino
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.R.); (E.M.); (M.S.); (P.L.)
| | - Emanuela Marchese
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.R.); (E.M.); (M.S.); (P.L.)
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia”, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovanni Galli
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.R.); (E.M.); (M.S.); (P.L.)
| | - Francesca Verde
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.R.); (E.M.); (M.S.); (P.L.)
| | - Matteo Finizio
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.R.); (E.M.); (M.S.); (P.L.)
| | - Massimo Serra
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.R.); (E.M.); (M.S.); (P.L.)
| | - Pasquale Linciano
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.R.); (E.M.); (M.S.); (P.L.)
| | - Simona Collina
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.R.); (E.M.); (M.S.); (P.L.)
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4
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Hoekstra M, Van Eck M. High-density lipoproteins and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. ATHEROSCLEROSIS PLUS 2023; 53:33-41. [PMID: 37663008 PMCID: PMC10469384 DOI: 10.1016/j.athplu.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Background and aims Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a high incidence liver pathology, is associated with a ∼1.5-fold higher cardiovascular disease risk. This phenomenon is generally attributed to the NAFLD-associated increase in circulating levels of pro-atherogenic apolipoprotein B100-containing small dense low-density lipoprotein and plasma hypertriglyceridemia. However, also a significant reduction in cholesterol transported by anti-atherogenic high-density lipoproteins (HDL) is frequently observed in subjects suffering from NAFLD as compared to unaffected people. In this review, we summarize data regarding the relationship between NAFLD and plasma HDL-cholesterol levels, with a special focus on highlighting potential causality between the NAFLD pathology and changes in HDL metabolism. Methods and results Publications in PUBMED describing the relationship between HDL levels and NAFLD susceptibility and/or disease severity, either in human clinical settings or genetically-modified mouse models, were critically reviewed for subsequent inclusion in this manuscript. Furthermore, relevant literature describing effects on lipid loading in cultured hepatocytes of models with genetic alterations related to HDL metabolism have been summarized. Conclusions Although in vitro observations suggest causality between HDL formation by hepatocytes and protection against NAFLD-like lipid accumulation, current literature remains inconclusive on whether relative HDL deficiency is actually driving the development of fatty liver disease in humans. In light of the current obesity pandemic and the associated marked rise in NAFLD incidence, it is of clear scientific and societal interest to gain further insight into the relationship between HDL-cholesterol levels and fatty liver development to potentially uncover the therapeutic potential of pharmacological HDL level and/or function modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menno Hoekstra
- Division of Systems Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Pharmacy Leiden, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Miranda Van Eck
- Division of Systems Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Pharmacy Leiden, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Effects of Caprylic Acid and Eicosapentaenoic Acid on Lipids, Inflammatory Levels, and the JAK2/STAT3 Pathway in ABCA1-Deficient Mice and ABCA1 Knock-Down RAW264.7 Cells. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051296. [PMID: 36904298 PMCID: PMC10005197 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have found that caprylic acid (C8:0) can improve blood lipids and reduce inflammation levels and may be related to the upregulation of the p-JAK2/p-STAT3 pathway by ABCA1. This study aims to investigate the effects of C8:0 and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on lipids, inflammatory levels, and the JAK2/STAT3 pathway in ABCA1-deficient mice (ABCA1-/-) and ABCA1 knock-down (ABCA1-KD) RAW 264.7 cells. Twenty 6-week ABCA1-/- mice were randomly divided into four groups and fed a high-fat diet, or a diet of 2% C8:0, 2% palmitic acid (C16:0) or 2% EPA for 8 weeks, respectively. The RAW 264.7 cells were divided into the control or control + LPS group, and the ABCA1-KD RAW 264.7 cells were divided into ABCA1-KD with LPS (LPS group), ABCA1-KD with LPS + C8:0 (C8:0 group), and ABCA1-KD with LPS + EPA (EPA group). Serum lipid profiles and inflammatory levels were measured, and ABCA1 and JAK2/STAT3 mRNA and protein expressions were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot analyses, respectively. Our results showed that serum lipid and inflammatory levels increased in ABCA1-/- mice (p < 0.05). After the intervention of different fatty acids in ABCA1-/- mice, TG and TNF-α were significantly lower, while MCP-1 increased significantly in the C8:0 group (p < 0.05); however, LDL-C, TC, TNF-α, IL-6, and MCP-1 levels decreased significantly and IL-10 increased significantly in the EPA group (p < 0.05). In the aorta of ABCA1-/- mice, C8:0 significantly decreased p-STAT3 and p-JAK2 mRNA, while EPA significantly reduced TLR4 and NF-κBp65 mRNA. In the ABCA1-KD RAW 264.7 cells, TNF-α and MCP-1 were increased significantly and IL-10 and IL-1β were significantly decreased in the C8:0 group (p < 0.05). The protein expressions of ABCA1 and p-JAK2 were significantly higher, and the NF-κBp65 was significantly lower in the C8:0 and EPA groups (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, compared to the C8:0 group, the NF-κBp65 protein expression was significantly lower in the EPA group (p < 0.05). Our study showed that EPA had better effects than C8:0 on inhibiting inflammation and improving blood lipids in the absence of ABCA1. C8:0 may be involved mainly in inhibiting inflammation through upregulation of the ABCA1 and p-JAK2/p-STAT3 pathways, while EPA may be involved mainly in inhibiting inflammation through the TLR4/NF-κBp65 signaling pathway. The upregulation of the ABCA1 expression pathway by functional nutrients may provide research targets for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Futamata R, Kinoshita M, Ogiwara K, Kioka N, Ueda K. Cholesterol accumulation in ovarian follicles causes ovulation defects in Abca1a -/- Japanese medaka ( Oryzias latipes). Heliyon 2023; 9:e13291. [PMID: 36816300 PMCID: PMC9932449 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette A1 (ABCA1) is a membrane protein, which exports excess cellular cholesterol to generate HDL to reduce the risk of the onset of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In addition, ABCA1 exerts pleiotropic effects on such as inflammation, tissue repair, and cell proliferation and migration. In this study, we explored the novel physiological roles of ABCA1 using Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes), a small teleost fish. Three Abca1 genes were found in the medaka genome. ABCA1A and ABCA1C exported cholesterol to generate nascent HDL as human ABCA1 when expressed in HEK293 cells. To investigate their physiological roles, each Abca1-deficient fish was generated using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. Abca1a -/- female medaka was found to be infertile, while Abca1b -/- and Abca1c -/- female medaka were fertile. In vitro ovarian follicle culture suggested that Abca1a deficiency causes ovulation defects. In the ovary, ABCA1A was expressed in theca cells, an outermost layer of the ovarian follicle. Total cholesterol content of Abca1a -/- ovary was significantly higher than that of the wild-type, while estrogen and progestin contents were compatible with those of the wild-type. Furthermore, cholesterol loading to the wild-type follicles caused ovulation defects. These results suggest that ABCA1A in theca cells regulates cholesterol content in the ovarian follicles and its deficiency inhibits successful ovulation through cholesterol accumulation in the ovarian follicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Futamata
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masato Kinoshita
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Katsueki Ogiwara
- Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kioka
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kazumitsu Ueda
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), KUIAS, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Corresponding author.
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7
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Sunidhi S, Sacher S, Atul, Garg P, Ray A. Elucidating the Structural Features of ABCA1 in its Heterogeneous Membrane Environment. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:803078. [PMID: 35155567 PMCID: PMC8830745 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.803078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP Binding Cassette Transporter A1 (ABCA1) plays an integral part in Reverse Cholesterol Transport (RCT) and is critical for maintaining lipid homeostasis. One theory of lipid efflux by the transporter (alternating access) proposes that ABCA1 harbours two different conformations that provide alternating access for lipid binding and release. This is followed by sequestration via a direct interaction between ABCA1 and its partner, ApoA1. The other theory (lateral access) proposes that ABCA1 obtains lipids laterally from the membrane to form a temporary extracellular “reservoir”. This reservoir contains an isolated lipid monolayer due to the net accumulation of lipids in the exofacial leaflet. Recently, a full-length Cryo-EM structure of this 2,261-residue transmembrane protein showed its discreetly folded domains and have detected the presence of a tunnel enclosed within the extracellular domains (ECDs) but not in the TMDs, giving it an outward-facing conformation. This structure was hypothesized to substantiate the lateral access theory. Utilizing long time-scale multiple replica atomistic molecular dynamics simulations (MDS), we simulated the structure in a large heterogeneous lipid environment and found that the protein undergoes several large conformational changes in its extremities. We observed that the cavity enclosed within ATP unbound form of ABCA1 is narrow at the distal ends of TMD as well as the ECD region substantiating the “lateral access” theory. We have also characterized ABCA1 and the lipid dynamics along with the protein-lipid interactions in the heterogeneous environment, providing novel insights into understanding ABCA1 conformation at an atomistic level.
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Arai H, Kono N. α-Tocopherol transfer protein (α-TTP). Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 176:162-175. [PMID: 34563650 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
α-Tocopherol transfer protein (α-TTP) is so far the only known protein that specifically recognizes α-tocopherol (α-Toc), the most abundant and most biologically active form of vitamin E, in higher animals. α-TTP is highly expressed in the liver where α-TTP selects α-Toc among vitamin E forms taken up via plasma lipoproteins and promotes its secretion to circulating lipoproteins. Thus, α-TTP is a major determinant of plasma α-Toc concentrations. Familial vitamin E deficiency, also called Ataxia with vitamin E deficiency, is caused by mutations in the α-TTP gene. More than 20 different mutations have been found in the α-TTP gene worldwide, among which some missense mutations provided valuable clues to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying intracellular α-Toc transport. In hepatocytes, α-TTP catalyzes the vectorial transport of α-Toc from the endocytotic compartment to the plasma membrane (PM) by targeting phosphatidylinositol phosphates (PIPs) such as PI(4,5)P2. By binding PIPs at the PM, α-TTP opens the lid covering the hydrophobic pocket, thus facilitating the release of bound α-Toc to the PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Arai
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Science, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Nozomu Kono
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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Axmann M, Plochberger B, Mikula M, Weber F, Strobl WM, Stangl H. Plasma Membrane Lipids: An Important Binding Site for All Lipoprotein Classes. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11110882. [PMID: 34832111 PMCID: PMC8622984 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11110882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol is one of the main constituents of plasma membranes; thus, its supply is of utmost importance. This review covers the known mechanisms of cholesterol transfer from circulating lipoprotein particles to the plasma membrane, and vice versa. To achieve homeostasis, the human body utilizes cellular de novo synthesis and extracellular transport particles for supply of cholesterol and other lipids via the blood stream. These lipoprotein particles can be classified according to their density: chylomicrons, very low, low, and high-density lipoprotein (VLDL, LDL, and HDL, respectively). They deliver and receive their lipid loads, most importantly cholesterol, to and from cells by several redundant routes. Defects in one of these pathways (e.g., due to mutations in receptors) usually are not immediately fatal. Several redundant pathways, at least temporarily, compensate for the loss of one or more of them, but the defects trigger systemic diseases, such as atherosclerosis later on. Recently, intracellular membrane–membrane contact sites were shown to be involved in intracellular cholesterol transfer and the plasma membrane itself has been proposed to act as a binding site for lipoprotein-mediated cargo unloading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Axmann
- School of Medical Engineering and Applied Social Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Garnisonstrasse 21, 4020 Linz, Austria; (M.A.); (B.P.); (F.W.)
| | - Birgit Plochberger
- School of Medical Engineering and Applied Social Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Garnisonstrasse 21, 4020 Linz, Austria; (M.A.); (B.P.); (F.W.)
| | - Mario Mikula
- Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute for Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 10, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Florian Weber
- School of Medical Engineering and Applied Social Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Garnisonstrasse 21, 4020 Linz, Austria; (M.A.); (B.P.); (F.W.)
| | - Witta Monika Strobl
- Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute for Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 10, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Herbert Stangl
- Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Institute for Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 10, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Correspondence:
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Kotlyarov S. Diversity of Lipid Function in Atherogenesis: A Focus on Endothelial Mechanobiology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11545. [PMID: 34768974 PMCID: PMC8584259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the most important problems in modern medicine. Its high prevalence and social significance determine the need for a better understanding of the mechanisms of the disease's development and progression. Lipid metabolism and its disorders are one of the key links in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Lipids are involved in many processes, including those related to the mechanoreception of endothelial cells. The multifaceted role of lipids in endothelial mechanobiology and mechanisms of atherogenesis are discussed in this review. Endothelium is involved in ensuring adequate vascular hemodynamics, and changes in blood flow characteristics are detected by endothelial cells and affect their structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
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11
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Hommes JW, Kratofil RM, Wahlen S, de Haas CJC, Hildebrand RB, Hovingh GK, Otto M, van Eck M, Hoekstra M, Korporaal SJA, Surewaard BGJ. High density lipoproteins mediate in vivo protection against staphylococcal phenol-soluble modulins. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15357. [PMID: 34321507 PMCID: PMC8319287 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94651-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus virulence has been associated with the production of phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs). These PSMs have distinct virulence functions and are known to activate, attract and lyse neutrophils. These PSM-associated biological functions are inhibited by lipoproteins in vitro. We set out to address whether lipoproteins neutralize staphylococcal PSM-associated virulence in experimental animal models. Serum from both LCAT an ABCA1 knockout mice strains which are characterised by near absence of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, was shown to fail to protect against PSM-induced neutrophil activation and lysis in vitro. Importantly, PSM-induced peritonitis in LCAT-/- mice resulted in increased lysis of resident peritoneal macrophages and enhanced neutrophil recruitment into the peritoneal cavity. Notably, LCAT-/- mice were more likely to succumb to staphylococcal bloodstream infections in a PSM-dependent manner. Plasma from homozygous carriers of ABCA1 variants characterized by very low HDL-cholesterol levels, was found to be less protective against PSM-mediated biological functions compared to healthy humans. Therefore, we conclude that lipoproteins present in blood can protect against staphylococcal PSMs, the key virulence factor of community-associated methicillin resistant S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefien W Hommes
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Disease. Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Rachel M Kratofil
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Disease. Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Sigrid Wahlen
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Carla J C de Haas
- Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Reeni B Hildebrand
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - G Kees Hovingh
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Micheal Otto
- Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Miranda van Eck
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Menno Hoekstra
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne J A Korporaal
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bas G J Surewaard
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Disease. Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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12
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Chen Y, Yu F, Zhang Y, Li M, Di M, Chen W, Liu X, Zhang Y, Zhang M. Traditional Chinese Medication Tongxinluo Attenuates Lipidosis in Ox-LDL-Stimulated Macrophages by Enhancing Beclin-1-Induced Autophagy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:673366. [PMID: 34248627 PMCID: PMC8267176 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.673366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tongxinluo (TXL), a traditional Chinese medication, plays a key role in the formation and progression of plaques in atherosclerosis. The formation of foam cells by macrophages accelerates the destabilisation of plaques. In previous research, we had found that TXL significantly inhibits ox-LDL-induced apoptosis in macrophages in vitro by improving the dissociation of the Beclin-1-Bcl-2 complex. Therefore, here, we explored the effect of TXL on lipid metabolism in macrophages and the mechanism involved. To evaluate the role of TXL in atherosclerotic plaques, we construct the atherosclerotic animal model with lentiviral injection and performed immunofluorescence staining analysis in vivo. Western blot, immunofluorescence staining and microscopy were performed to elucidate the mechanism underlying TXL-mediated regulation of autophagy in THP-1 macrophages in vitro. Immunofluorescence assay revealed that TXL treatment inhibited lipid deposition in advanced atherosclerotic plaques. In vitro TXL treatment inhibited lipid deposition in THP-1 macrophages by enhancing autophagy via Beclin-1. TXL reversed the high expression of class I histone deacetylases (HDACs) induced by ox-LDL (p < 0.05). Compared with the TXL + ox-LDL group, TXL failed to promote intracellular lipid droplet decomposition after the addition of the histone deacetylase agonist. We found that TXL attenuates the accumulation of lipids in macrophage by enhancing Beclin-1-induced autophagy, and additionally, it inhibits the inhibitory effect of class I HDAC on the expression of Beclin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Echocardiography, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fangpu Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mingxue Di
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Weijia Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Greene AR, Owen KA, Casanova JE. Salmonella Typhimurium manipulates macrophage cholesterol homeostasis through the SseJ-mediated suppression of the host cholesterol transport protein ABCA1. Cell Microbiol 2021; 23:e13329. [PMID: 33742761 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Upon infection of host cells, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium resides in a modified-endosomal compartment referred to as the Salmonella-containing vacuole (SCV). SCV biogenesis is driven by multiple effector proteins translocated through two type III secretion systems (T3SS-1 and T3SS-2). While many host proteins targeted by these effector proteins have been characterised, the role of host lipids in SCV dynamics remains poorly understood. Previous studies have shown that S. Typhimurium infection in macrophages leads to accumulation of intracellular cholesterol, some of which concentrates in and around SCVs; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we show that S. Typhimurium utilises the T3SS-2 effector SseJ to downregulate expression of the host cholesterol transporter ABCA1 in macrophages, leading to a ~45% increase in cellular cholesterol. Mechanistically, SseJ activates a signalling cascade involving the host kinases FAK and Akt to suppress Abca1 expression. Mutational inactivation of SseJ acyltransferase activity, silencing FAK, or inhibiting Akt prevents Abca1 downregulation and the corresponding accumulation of cholesterol during infection. Importantly, RNAi-mediated silencing of ABCA1 rescued bacterial survival in FAK-deficient macrophages, suggesting that Abca1 downregulation and cholesterol accumulation are important for intracellular survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Greene
- Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Katherine A Owen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Ampel Biosolutions, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - James E Casanova
- Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Participation of ABCA1 Transporter in Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073334. [PMID: 33805156 PMCID: PMC8037621 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the important medical and social problem. According to modern concepts, COPD is a chronic inflammatory disease, macrophages play a key role in its pathogenesis. Macrophages are heterogeneous in their functions, which is largely determined by their immunometabolic profile, as well as the features of lipid homeostasis, in which the ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) plays an essential role. The objective of this work is the analysis of the ABCA1 protein participation and the function of reverse cholesterol transport in the pathogenesis of COPD. The expression of the ABCA1 gene in lung tissues takes the second place after the liver, which indicates the important role of the carrier in lung function. The participation of the transporter in the development of COPD consists in provision of lipid metabolism, regulation of inflammation, phagocytosis, and apoptosis. Violation of the processes in which ABCA1 is involved may be a part of the pathophysiological mechanisms, leading to the formation of a heterogeneous clinical course of the disease.
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15
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Jacobo-Albavera L, Domínguez-Pérez M, Medina-Leyte DJ, González-Garrido A, Villarreal-Molina T. The Role of the ATP-Binding Cassette A1 (ABCA1) in Human Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041593. [PMID: 33562440 PMCID: PMC7915494 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol homeostasis is essential in normal physiology of all cells. One of several proteins involved in cholesterol homeostasis is the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), a transmembrane protein widely expressed in many tissues. One of its main functions is the efflux of intracellular free cholesterol and phospholipids across the plasma membrane to combine with apolipoproteins, mainly apolipoprotein A-I (Apo A-I), forming nascent high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) particles, the first step of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). In addition, ABCA1 regulates cholesterol and phospholipid content in the plasma membrane affecting lipid rafts, microparticle (MP) formation and cell signaling. Thus, it is not surprising that impaired ABCA1 function and altered cholesterol homeostasis may affect many different organs and is involved in the pathophysiology of a broad array of diseases. This review describes evidence obtained from animal models, human studies and genetic variation explaining how ABCA1 is involved in dyslipidemia, coronary heart disease (CHD), type 2 diabetes (T2D), thrombosis, neurological disorders, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma, viral infections and in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Jacobo-Albavera
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City CP14610, Mexico; (L.J.-A.); (M.D.-P.); (D.J.M.-L.); (A.G.-G.)
| | - Mayra Domínguez-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City CP14610, Mexico; (L.J.-A.); (M.D.-P.); (D.J.M.-L.); (A.G.-G.)
| | - Diana Jhoseline Medina-Leyte
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City CP14610, Mexico; (L.J.-A.); (M.D.-P.); (D.J.M.-L.); (A.G.-G.)
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Coyoacán, Mexico City CP04510, Mexico
| | - Antonia González-Garrido
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City CP14610, Mexico; (L.J.-A.); (M.D.-P.); (D.J.M.-L.); (A.G.-G.)
| | - Teresa Villarreal-Molina
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City CP14610, Mexico; (L.J.-A.); (M.D.-P.); (D.J.M.-L.); (A.G.-G.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Xu (许艳妮) Y, Liu (刘畅) C, Han (韩小婉) X, Jia (贾晓健) X, Li (李永臻) Y, Liu (刘超) C, Li (李霓) N, Liu (刘伦铭) L, Liu (刘鹏) P, Jiang (姜新海) X, Wang (王伟志) W, Wang (王潇) X, Li (李依宁) Y, Chen (陈明珠) M, Luo (罗金雀) J, Zuo (左璇) X, Han (韩江雪) J, Wang (王丽) L, Du (杜郁) Y, Xu (徐扬) Y, Jiang (蒋建东) JD, Hong (洪斌) B, Si (司书毅) S. E17241 as a Novel ABCA1 (ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter A1) Upregulator Ameliorates Atherosclerosis in Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:e284-e298. [PMID: 33441025 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Xu (许艳妮)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for New Microbial Drug Screening, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS&PUMC), Beijing, China (Y.X., C.L., X.H., X. Jia, Y.L., C.L., N.L., L.L., P.L., X. Jiang, W.W., X.W., Y.L., M.C., J.L., X.Z., J.H., L.W., Y.D., Y.X., J.-D.J., B.H., S.S.)
| | - Chang Liu (刘畅)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for New Microbial Drug Screening, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS&PUMC), Beijing, China (Y.X., C.L., X.H., X. Jia, Y.L., C.L., N.L., L.L., P.L., X. Jiang, W.W., X.W., Y.L., M.C., J.L., X.Z., J.H., L.W., Y.D., Y.X., J.-D.J., B.H., S.S.)
| | - Xiaowan Han (韩小婉)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for New Microbial Drug Screening, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS&PUMC), Beijing, China (Y.X., C.L., X.H., X. Jia, Y.L., C.L., N.L., L.L., P.L., X. Jiang, W.W., X.W., Y.L., M.C., J.L., X.Z., J.H., L.W., Y.D., Y.X., J.-D.J., B.H., S.S.).,State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, CAMS&PUMC, Beijing, China (X.H., N.L., J.-D.J.)
| | - Xiaojian Jia (贾晓健)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for New Microbial Drug Screening, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS&PUMC), Beijing, China (Y.X., C.L., X.H., X. Jia, Y.L., C.L., N.L., L.L., P.L., X. Jiang, W.W., X.W., Y.L., M.C., J.L., X.Z., J.H., L.W., Y.D., Y.X., J.-D.J., B.H., S.S.)
| | - Yongzhen Li (李永臻)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for New Microbial Drug Screening, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS&PUMC), Beijing, China (Y.X., C.L., X.H., X. Jia, Y.L., C.L., N.L., L.L., P.L., X. Jiang, W.W., X.W., Y.L., M.C., J.L., X.Z., J.H., L.W., Y.D., Y.X., J.-D.J., B.H., S.S.)
| | - Chao Liu (刘超)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for New Microbial Drug Screening, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS&PUMC), Beijing, China (Y.X., C.L., X.H., X. Jia, Y.L., C.L., N.L., L.L., P.L., X. Jiang, W.W., X.W., Y.L., M.C., J.L., X.Z., J.H., L.W., Y.D., Y.X., J.-D.J., B.H., S.S.)
| | - Ni Li (李霓)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for New Microbial Drug Screening, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS&PUMC), Beijing, China (Y.X., C.L., X.H., X. Jia, Y.L., C.L., N.L., L.L., P.L., X. Jiang, W.W., X.W., Y.L., M.C., J.L., X.Z., J.H., L.W., Y.D., Y.X., J.-D.J., B.H., S.S.).,State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, CAMS&PUMC, Beijing, China (X.H., N.L., J.-D.J.)
| | - Lunming Liu (刘伦铭)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for New Microbial Drug Screening, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS&PUMC), Beijing, China (Y.X., C.L., X.H., X. Jia, Y.L., C.L., N.L., L.L., P.L., X. Jiang, W.W., X.W., Y.L., M.C., J.L., X.Z., J.H., L.W., Y.D., Y.X., J.-D.J., B.H., S.S.)
| | - Peng Liu (刘鹏)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for New Microbial Drug Screening, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS&PUMC), Beijing, China (Y.X., C.L., X.H., X. Jia, Y.L., C.L., N.L., L.L., P.L., X. Jiang, W.W., X.W., Y.L., M.C., J.L., X.Z., J.H., L.W., Y.D., Y.X., J.-D.J., B.H., S.S.)
| | - Xinhai Jiang (姜新海)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for New Microbial Drug Screening, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS&PUMC), Beijing, China (Y.X., C.L., X.H., X. Jia, Y.L., C.L., N.L., L.L., P.L., X. Jiang, W.W., X.W., Y.L., M.C., J.L., X.Z., J.H., L.W., Y.D., Y.X., J.-D.J., B.H., S.S.)
| | - Weizhi Wang (王伟志)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for New Microbial Drug Screening, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS&PUMC), Beijing, China (Y.X., C.L., X.H., X. Jia, Y.L., C.L., N.L., L.L., P.L., X. Jiang, W.W., X.W., Y.L., M.C., J.L., X.Z., J.H., L.W., Y.D., Y.X., J.-D.J., B.H., S.S.)
| | - Xiao Wang (王潇)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for New Microbial Drug Screening, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS&PUMC), Beijing, China (Y.X., C.L., X.H., X. Jia, Y.L., C.L., N.L., L.L., P.L., X. Jiang, W.W., X.W., Y.L., M.C., J.L., X.Z., J.H., L.W., Y.D., Y.X., J.-D.J., B.H., S.S.)
| | - Yining Li (李依宁)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for New Microbial Drug Screening, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS&PUMC), Beijing, China (Y.X., C.L., X.H., X. Jia, Y.L., C.L., N.L., L.L., P.L., X. Jiang, W.W., X.W., Y.L., M.C., J.L., X.Z., J.H., L.W., Y.D., Y.X., J.-D.J., B.H., S.S.)
| | - Mingzhu Chen (陈明珠)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for New Microbial Drug Screening, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS&PUMC), Beijing, China (Y.X., C.L., X.H., X. Jia, Y.L., C.L., N.L., L.L., P.L., X. Jiang, W.W., X.W., Y.L., M.C., J.L., X.Z., J.H., L.W., Y.D., Y.X., J.-D.J., B.H., S.S.)
| | - Jinque Luo (罗金雀)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for New Microbial Drug Screening, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS&PUMC), Beijing, China (Y.X., C.L., X.H., X. Jia, Y.L., C.L., N.L., L.L., P.L., X. Jiang, W.W., X.W., Y.L., M.C., J.L., X.Z., J.H., L.W., Y.D., Y.X., J.-D.J., B.H., S.S.)
| | - Xuan Zuo (左璇)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for New Microbial Drug Screening, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS&PUMC), Beijing, China (Y.X., C.L., X.H., X. Jia, Y.L., C.L., N.L., L.L., P.L., X. Jiang, W.W., X.W., Y.L., M.C., J.L., X.Z., J.H., L.W., Y.D., Y.X., J.-D.J., B.H., S.S.)
| | - Jiangxue Han (韩江雪)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for New Microbial Drug Screening, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS&PUMC), Beijing, China (Y.X., C.L., X.H., X. Jia, Y.L., C.L., N.L., L.L., P.L., X. Jiang, W.W., X.W., Y.L., M.C., J.L., X.Z., J.H., L.W., Y.D., Y.X., J.-D.J., B.H., S.S.)
| | - Li Wang (王丽)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for New Microbial Drug Screening, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS&PUMC), Beijing, China (Y.X., C.L., X.H., X. Jia, Y.L., C.L., N.L., L.L., P.L., X. Jiang, W.W., X.W., Y.L., M.C., J.L., X.Z., J.H., L.W., Y.D., Y.X., J.-D.J., B.H., S.S.)
| | - Yu Du (杜郁)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for New Microbial Drug Screening, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS&PUMC), Beijing, China (Y.X., C.L., X.H., X. Jia, Y.L., C.L., N.L., L.L., P.L., X. Jiang, W.W., X.W., Y.L., M.C., J.L., X.Z., J.H., L.W., Y.D., Y.X., J.-D.J., B.H., S.S.)
| | - Yang Xu (徐扬)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for New Microbial Drug Screening, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS&PUMC), Beijing, China (Y.X., C.L., X.H., X. Jia, Y.L., C.L., N.L., L.L., P.L., X. Jiang, W.W., X.W., Y.L., M.C., J.L., X.Z., J.H., L.W., Y.D., Y.X., J.-D.J., B.H., S.S.)
| | - Jian-Dong Jiang (蒋建东)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for New Microbial Drug Screening, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS&PUMC), Beijing, China (Y.X., C.L., X.H., X. Jia, Y.L., C.L., N.L., L.L., P.L., X. Jiang, W.W., X.W., Y.L., M.C., J.L., X.Z., J.H., L.W., Y.D., Y.X., J.-D.J., B.H., S.S.).,State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, CAMS&PUMC, Beijing, China (X.H., N.L., J.-D.J.)
| | - Bin Hong (洪斌)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for New Microbial Drug Screening, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS&PUMC), Beijing, China (Y.X., C.L., X.H., X. Jia, Y.L., C.L., N.L., L.L., P.L., X. Jiang, W.W., X.W., Y.L., M.C., J.L., X.Z., J.H., L.W., Y.D., Y.X., J.-D.J., B.H., S.S.)
| | - Shuyi Si (司书毅)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, National Center for New Microbial Drug Screening, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS&PUMC), Beijing, China (Y.X., C.L., X.H., X. Jia, Y.L., C.L., N.L., L.L., P.L., X. Jiang, W.W., X.W., Y.L., M.C., J.L., X.Z., J.H., L.W., Y.D., Y.X., J.-D.J., B.H., S.S.)
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17
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Tang Z, Chen L, Chen Z, Fu Y, Sun X, Wang B, Xia T. Climatic factors determine the yield and quality of Honghe flue-cured tobacco. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19868. [PMID: 33199769 PMCID: PMC7669845 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76919-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is a major cash crop in Yunnan, China, and the yield, chemical components, and their proportions decide the quality of tobacco leaves. To understand the effects of environmental factors (soil and climatic factors) on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco and determine the main regulating factors, we selected three flue-cured tobacco cultivars [K326, Yunyan87 (Yun87), and Honghuadajinyuan (Hongda)] grown in the Honghe Tobacco Zone. Indices related to yield and economic traits, chemical component properties, soil physical and chemical properties, and climatic factors at different planting sites, were evaluated. We used variance analysis, correlation analysis, and redundancy analysis (RDA) in this study. The results showed that the yield and chemical component properties of flue-cured tobacco, except for the number of left leaves and plant total sugar (PTS) content, were significantly correlated with climatic factors. Particularly, the yield increased in drier and sunnier weather. In terms of the carbon supply capacity, PTS, petroleum ether (PPE), and starch contents (PS) were higher under high-altitude and high-latitude climatic conditions, whereas for the nitrogen supply capacity, plant nitrogen (PTN) and nicotine (PN) contents improved under low-altitude and low-latitude climatic conditions. PTS, reducing sugar (PRS), potassium (PTK), chlorine (PCL), and PPE contents were negatively related to soil clay content, soil pH, and soil organic matter, whereas PRS and PTK contents were positively correlated with alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen (AN). According to RDA, the soil clay, AN, available phosphorus (AP), and soil chlorine content (SCL) strongly affected the quality of flue-cured tobacco. The quality of the K326 and Yun87 cultivars was mostly influenced by moisture, whereas the quality of the Hongda cultivar was mostly affected by temperature. In conclusion, compared with soil properties, climatic factors more significantly affect the yield and quality of Honghe flue-cured tobacco leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoxin Tang
- College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming, 650214, Yunnan, China
| | - Lulu Chen
- College of Forest Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zebin Chen
- College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming, 650214, Yunnan, China
| | - Yali Fu
- Honghe Branch of Yunnan Tobacco Company, Mile, 652300, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaolu Sun
- Agronomy College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Binbin Wang
- Yunnan Iridium Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Kunming, 650031, Yunnan, China
| | - Tiyuan Xia
- College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming, 650214, Yunnan, China.
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Abstract
Cholesterol homeostasis and trafficking are critical to the maintenance of the asymmetric plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells. Disruption or dysfunction of cholesterol trafficking leads to numerous human diseases. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters play several critical roles in this process, and mutations in these sterol transporters lead to disorders such as Tangier disease and sitosterolemia. Biochemical and structural information on ABC sterol transporters is beginning to emerge, with published structures of ABCA1 and ABCG5/G8; these two proteins function in the reverse cholesterol transport pathway and mediate the efflux of cholesterol and xenosterols to high-density lipoprotein and bile salt micelles, respectively. Although both of these transporters belong to the ABC family and mediate the efflux of a sterol substrate, they have many distinct differences. Here, we summarize the current understanding of sterol transport driven by ABC transporters, with an emphasis on these two extensively characterized transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlee M Plummer
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA;
| | - Alan T Culbertson
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA;
| | - Maofu Liao
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA;
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Srivastava N, Cefalu AB, Averna M, Srivastava RAK. Rapid degradation of ABCA1 protein following cAMP withdrawal and treatment with PKA inhibitor suggests ABCA1 is a short-lived protein primarily regulated at the transcriptional level. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2020; 19:363-371. [PMID: 32550187 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00517-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Objectives ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) is a key player in the reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) and HDL biogenesis. Since RCT is compromised as a result of ABCA1 dysfunction in diabetic state, the objective of this study was to investigate the regulation of ABCA1 in a stably transfected 293 cells expressing ABCA1 under the control of cAMP response element. Methods To delineate transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of ABCA1, 293 cells were stably transfected with the full length ABCA1 cDNA under the control of CMV promoter harboring cAMP response element. cAMP-mediated regulation of ABCA1 and cholesterol efflux were studied in the presence of 8-Br-cAMP and after withdrawal of 8-Br-cAMP. The mechanism of cAMP-mediated transcriptional induction of the ABCA1 gene was studied in protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitors-treated cells. Results The transfected 293 cells expressed high levels of ABCA1, while non-transfected wild-type 293 cells showed very low levels of ABCA1. Treatments of transfected cells with 8-Br-cAMP increased ABCA1 protein by 10-fold and mRNA by 20-fold. Cholesterol efflux also increased in parallel. Withdrawal of 8-Br-cAMP caused time-dependent rapid diminution of ABCA1 protein and mRNA, suggesting ABCA1 regulation at the transcriptional level. Treatment with PKA inhibitors abolished the cAMP-mediated induction of the ABCA1 mRNA and protein, resulting dampening of ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux. Conclusions These results demonstrate that transfected cell line mimics cAMP response similar to normal cells with natural ABCA1 promoter and suggest that ABCA1 is a short-lived protein primarily regulated at the transcriptional level to maintain cellular cholesterol homeostasis.
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Wang D, Yang Y, Lei Y, Tzvetkov NT, Liu X, Yeung AWK, Xu S, Atanasov AG. Targeting Foam Cell Formation in Atherosclerosis: Therapeutic Potential of Natural Products. Pharmacol Rev 2019; 71:596-670. [PMID: 31554644 DOI: 10.1124/pr.118.017178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Foam cell formation and further accumulation in the subendothelial space of the vascular wall is a hallmark of atherosclerotic lesions. Targeting foam cell formation in the atherosclerotic lesions can be a promising approach to treat and prevent atherosclerosis. The formation of foam cells is determined by the balanced effects of three major interrelated biologic processes, including lipid uptake, cholesterol esterification, and cholesterol efflux. Natural products are a promising source for new lead structures. Multiple natural products and pharmaceutical agents can inhibit foam cell formation and thus exhibit antiatherosclerotic capacity by suppressing lipid uptake, cholesterol esterification, and/or promoting cholesterol ester hydrolysis and cholesterol efflux. This review summarizes recent findings on these three biologic processes and natural products with demonstrated potential to target such processes. Discussed also are potential future directions for studying the mechanisms of foam cell formation and the development of foam cell-targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Yang Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Yingnan Lei
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Nikolay T Tzvetkov
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Xingde Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Andy Wai Kan Yeung
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Suowen Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
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Chen Y, Zhou J, Ren K, Zou C, Liu J, Yao G, He J, Zhao G, Huang W, Hu B, Chen Y, Xiong K, Jin Y. Effects of enzymatic browning reaction on the usability of tobacco leaves and identification of components of reaction products. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17850. [PMID: 31780730 PMCID: PMC6882896 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54360-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzyme browning reaction results in grey speckles on tobacco leaves, which impairs the value and industrial usability of tobacco leaves. To demonstrate the influences of different browning degrees (BDs) of tobacco leaves on the usability of different cultivars and positions and identified structure of brown (grey) matter, we selected three flue-cured tobacco cultivars (K326, Yunyan87, and Honghuadajinyuan (Hongda)) and set four different BDs (<25%, 25% to 50%, 50% to 75%, and >75%). Indices related to: economic traits, chemical components, physical properties, and sensory quality of tobacco leaves with different cultivars were evaluated. Moreover, by utilising thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography, we analysed and identified the structure of the grey matter in terms of chemical composition. The experimental results show that the main component of grey speckles on tobacco leaves is 3-acetyl-6,7-dimethoxycoumarin (YC-ZJF). With the increase of BD, the amount of total sugar and reducing sugar, output value, the proportion of superior tobacco, shatter resistance index, and sensory evaluation score of the three cultivars significantly decrease, while the starch content increases significantly. The changes in protein, total nitrogen, and nicotine are insignificant with changing BD. In addition, other indices show different trends for different cultivars of flue-cured tobacco. After separation and identification of the components of grey speckled leaves, it is proved that the substance derived from grey speckles on tobacco leaves is YC-ZJF. The research is important to the study of browning mechanisms in tobacco leaves and provides corresponding targets for strategies to reduce browning thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Chen
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650021, China
- College of Tobacco Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Junfei Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Ke Ren
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650021, China
- College of Tobacco Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Congming Zou
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650021, China.
| | - Junjun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Guangmin Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Jianshen He
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650021, China
- College of Tobacco Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Gaokun Zhao
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650021, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650021, China
| | - Binbin Hu
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650021, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650021, China
| | - Kaisheng Xiong
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650021, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650021, China
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Hu J, Yang Q, Chen Z, Liang W, Feng J, Ding G. Small GTPase Arf6 regulates diabetes-induced cholesterol accumulation in podocytes. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:23559-23570. [PMID: 31206670 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Podocyte injury is a critical factor for the initiation and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). However, the underlying mechanisms of podocyte injury in DKD have not been completely elucidated. Studies suggested that intracellular cholesterol accumulation was correlated with podocyte injury, but the cause of podocyte cholesterol disorders in DKD are still unknown. ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (Arf6) is a small GTPase with pleiotropic effects and has previously been shown to regulate ATP-binding cassette transporter 1 (ABCA1) recycling, and thus, cholesterol homeostasis. However, Arf6 involvement in cholesterol metabolism in podocytes is scarce. To investigate the role of Arf6 in cholesterol modulation in podocytes, the effect of Arf6 on the regulation of the cholesterol transporter ABCA1 was studied in podocytes in vivo and in vitro. Intracellular cholesterol accumulation was significantly increased in podocytes from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and that hyperglycemia downregulated the expression of Arf6. Arf6 knockdown could cause ABCA1 recycling disorders, and thus, further aggravate cholesterol accumulation in podocytes under high-glucose (HG) conditions. Our results demonstrate that HG-induced cholesterol accumulation and cellular injury in podocytes may be related to the recycling disorder of ABCA1 caused by the downexpression of Arf6 in DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijia Hu
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaowei Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Feng
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guohua Ding
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Deng W, Tang T, Hou Y, Zeng Q, Wang Y, Fan W, Qu S. Extracellular vesicles in atherosclerosis. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 495:109-117. [PMID: 30959044 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which exist in human blood, are increased in some inflammation-related cardiovascular diseases. EVs are involved in inflammation, immunity, signal transduction, cell survival and apoptosis, angiogenesis, thrombosis, and autophagy, all of which are highly significant for maintaining homeostasis and disease progression. Therefore, EVs are also associated with key steps in atherosclerosis, including cellular lipid metabolism, endothelial dysfunction and vascular wall inflammation, ultimately resulting in vascular remodelling. In this review, we summarize recent studies on EV contents and biological function, focusing on their potential effect in atherosclerosis, including cholesterol metabolism, vascular inflammation, angiogenesis, coagulation and the development of atherosclerotic lesions. EVs may represent potential biomarkers and pharmacological targets for atherosclerotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- WenYi Deng
- Pathophysiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - TingTing Tang
- Pathophysiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - YangFeng Hou
- Clinic Medicine Department, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Qian Zeng
- Pathophysiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - YuFei Wang
- Pathophysiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - WenJing Fan
- Pathophysiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China; Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of south China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China.
| | - ShunLin Qu
- Pathophysiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China.
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Babashamsi MM, Koukhaloo SZ, Halalkhor S, Salimi A, Babashamsi M. ABCA1 and metabolic syndrome; a review of the ABCA1 role in HDL-VLDL production, insulin-glucose homeostasis, inflammation and obesity. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:1529-1534. [PMID: 31336517 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) is an integral cell-membrane protein that mediates the rate-limiting step of high density lipoprotein (HDL) biogenesis and suppression of inflammation by triggering a number of signaling pathways via interacting with an apolipoprotein acceptor. The hepatic ABCA1 is involved in regulation of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) production by affecting the apolipoprotein B trafficking and lipidation of VLDL particles. This protein is involved in protecting the function of pancreatic β-cells and insulin secretion by cholesterol homeostasis. Adipose tissue lipolysis is associated with ABCA1 activity. This transporter is involved in controlling obesity and insulin sensitivity by regulating triglyceride (TG) lipolysis and influencing on adiponectin, visfatin, leptin, and GLUT4 genes expression. The ABCA1 of skeletal muscle cells play a role in increasing the glucose uptake by enhancing the Akt phosphorylation and transferring GLUT4 to the plasma membrane. Abnormal status of ABCA1-regulated phenotypes is observed in metabolic syndrome. This syndrome is associated with the occurrence of many diseases. This review is a summary of the role of ABCA1 in HDL and VLDL production, homeostasis of insulin and glucose, suppression of inflammation and obesity controlling to provide a better insight into the association of this protein with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sohrab Halalkhor
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ali Salimi
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Babashamsi
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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25
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Suzuki H, Kume A, Herbas MS. Potential of Vitamin E Deficiency, Induced by Inhibition of α-Tocopherol Efflux, in Murine Malaria Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010064. [PMID: 30586912 PMCID: PMC6337606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although epidemiological and experimental studies have suggested beneficial effects of vitamin E deficiency on malaria infection, it has not been clinically applicable for the treatment of malaria owing to the significant content of vitamin E in our daily food. However, since α-tocopherol transfer protein (α-TTP) has been shown to be a determinant of vitamin E level in circulation, manipulation of α-tocopherol levels by α-TTP inhibition was considered as a potential therapeutic strategy for malaria. Knockout studies in mice indicated that inhibition of α-TTP confers resistance against malaria infections in murines, accompanied by oxidative stress-induced DNA damage in the parasite, arising from vitamin E deficiency. Combination therapy with chloroquine and α-TTP inhibition significantly improved the survival rates in murines with malaria. Thus, clinical application of α-tocopherol deficiency could be possible, provided that α-tocopherol concentration in circulation is reduced. Probucol, a recently found drug, induced α-tocopherol deficiency in circulation and was effective against murine malaria. Currently, treatment of malaria relies on the artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT); however, when mice infected with malarial parasites were treated with probucol and dihydroartemisinin, the beneficial effect of ACT was pronounced. Protective effects of vitamin E deficiency might be extended to manage other parasites in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Suzuki
- Research Unit for Functional Genomics, National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan.
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
| | - Aiko Kume
- Research Unit for Functional Genomics, National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan.
| | - Maria Shirely Herbas
- Research Unit for Functional Genomics, National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan.
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Moon SH, Huang CH, Houlihan SL, Regunath K, Freed-Pastor WA, Morris JP, Tschaharganeh DF, Kastenhuber ER, Barsotti AM, Culp-Hill R, Xue W, Ho YJ, Baslan T, Li X, Mayle A, de Stanchina E, Zender L, Tong DR, D'Alessandro A, Lowe SW, Prives C. p53 Represses the Mevalonate Pathway to Mediate Tumor Suppression. Cell 2018; 176:564-580.e19. [PMID: 30580964 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There are still gaps in our understanding of the complex processes by which p53 suppresses tumorigenesis. Here we describe a novel role for p53 in suppressing the mevalonate pathway, which is responsible for biosynthesis of cholesterol and nonsterol isoprenoids. p53 blocks activation of SREBP-2, the master transcriptional regulator of this pathway, by transcriptionally inducing the ABCA1 cholesterol transporter gene. A mouse model of liver cancer reveals that downregulation of mevalonate pathway gene expression by p53 occurs in premalignant hepatocytes, when p53 is needed to actively suppress tumorigenesis. Furthermore, pharmacological or RNAi inhibition of the mevalonate pathway restricts the development of murine hepatocellular carcinomas driven by p53 loss. Like p53 loss, ablation of ABCA1 promotes murine liver tumorigenesis and is associated with increased SREBP-2 maturation. Our findings demonstrate that repression of the mevalonate pathway is a crucial component of p53-mediated liver tumor suppression and outline the mechanism by which this occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hwan Moon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Chun-Hao Huang
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Cell and Developmental Biology Program, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Shauna L Houlihan
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kausik Regunath
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | | | - John P Morris
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Darjus F Tschaharganeh
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Edward R Kastenhuber
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Anthony M Barsotti
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Rachel Culp-Hill
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Wen Xue
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Yu-Jui Ho
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Timour Baslan
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Xiang Li
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Cell and Developmental Biology Program, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Allison Mayle
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lars Zender
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - David R Tong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Scott W Lowe
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Carol Prives
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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Vitamin E Metabolic Effects and Genetic Variants: A Challenge for Precision Nutrition in Obesity and Associated Disturbances. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10121919. [PMID: 30518135 PMCID: PMC6316334 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E (VE) has a recognized leading role as a contributor to the protection of cell constituents from oxidative damage. However, evidence suggests that the health benefits of VE go far beyond that of an antioxidant acting in lipophilic environments. In humans, VE is channeled toward pathways dealing with lipoproteins and cholesterol, underlining its relevance in lipid handling and metabolism. In this context, both VE intake and status may be relevant in physiopathological conditions associated with disturbances in lipid metabolism or concomitant with oxidative stress, such as obesity. However, dietary reference values for VE in obese populations have not yet been defined, and VE supplementation trials show contradictory results. Therefore, a better understanding of the role of genetic variants in genes involved in VE metabolism may be crucial to exert dietary recommendations with a higher degree of precision. In particular, genetic variability should be taken into account in targets concerning VE bioavailability per se or concomitant with impaired lipoprotein transport. Genetic variants associated with impaired VE liver balance, and the handling/resolution of oxidative stress might also be relevant, but the core information that exists at present is insufficient to deliver precise recommendations.
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The ABC Transporter Eato Promotes Cell Clearance in the Drosophila melanogaster Ovary. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2018; 8:833-843. [PMID: 29295819 PMCID: PMC5844305 DOI: 10.1534/g3.117.300427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The clearance of dead cells is a fundamental process in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Genetic studies in Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, and mammals have identified two evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways that act redundantly to regulate this engulfment process: the ced-1/-6/-7 and ced-2/-5/-12 pathways. Of these engulfment genes, only the ced-7/ABCA1 ortholog remains to be identified in D. melanogaster Homology searches have revealed a family of putative ced-7/ABCA1 homologs encoding ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in D. melanogaster To determine which of these genes functions similarly to ced-7/ABCA1, we analyzed mutants for engulfment phenotypes in oogenesis, during which nurse cells (NCs) in each egg chamber undergo programmed cell death (PCD) and are removed by neighboring phagocytic follicle cells (FCs). Our genetic analyses indicate that one of the ABC transporter genes, which we have named Eato (Engulfment ABC Transporter in the ovary), is required for NC clearance in the ovary and acts in the same pathways as drpr, the ced-1 ortholog, and in parallel to Ced-12 in the FCs. Additionally, we show that Eato acts in the FCs to promote accumulation of the transmembrane receptor Drpr, and promote membrane extensions around the NCs for their clearance. Since ABCA class transporters, such as CED-7 and ABCA1, are known to be involved in lipid trafficking, we propose that Eato acts to transport membrane material to the growing phagocytic cup for cell corpse clearance. Our work presented here identifies Eato as the ced-7/ABCA1 ortholog in D. melanogaster, and demonstrates a role for Eato in Drpr accumulation and phagocytic membrane extensions during NC clearance in the ovary.
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Jeong SJ, Kim S, Park JG, Jung IH, Lee MN, Jeon S, Kweon HY, Yu DY, Lee SH, Jang Y, Kang SW, Han KH, Miller YI, Park YM, Cheong C, Choi JH, Oh GT. Prdx1 (peroxiredoxin 1) deficiency reduces cholesterol efflux via impaired macrophage lipophagic flux. Autophagy 2017; 14:120-133. [PMID: 28605287 PMCID: PMC5846566 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1327942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress activates macroautophagy/autophagy and contributes to atherogenesis via lipophagic flux, a form of lipid removal by autophagy. However, it is not known exactly how endogenous antioxidant enzymes are involved in lipophagic flux. Here, we demonstrate that the antioxidant PRDX1 (peroxiredoxin 1) has a crucial role in the maintenance of lipophagic flux in macrophages. PRDX1 is more highly expressed than other antioxidant enzymes in monocytes and macrophages. We determined that Prdx1 deficiency induced excessive oxidative stress and impaired maintenance of autophagic flux in macrophages. Prdx1-deficient macrophages had higher intracellular cholesterol mass and lower cholesterol efflux compared with wild type. This perturbation in cholesterol homeostasis was due to impaired lipophagic cholesterol hydrolysis caused by excessive oxidative stress, resulting in the inhibition of free cholesterol formation and the reduction of NR1H3 (nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 3) activity. Notably, impairment of both lipophagic flux and cholesterol efflux was restored by the 2-Cys PRDX-mimics ebselen and gliotoxin. Consistent with this observation, apoe −/− mice transplanted with bone marrow from prdx1−/−apoe−/− mice had increased plaque formation compared with apoe−/− BM-transplanted recipients. This study reveals that PRDX1 is crucial to regulating lipophagic flux and maintaining macrophage cholesterol homeostasis against oxidative stress. We suggest that PRDX1-dependent control of oxidative stress may provide a strategy for treating atherosclerosis and autophagy-related human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Jin Jeong
- a Immune and Vascular Cell Network Research Center, National Creative Initiatives , Department of Life Sciences , Ewha Womans University , Seoul , Korea.,b Cardiovascular Division , Department of Medicine , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA
| | - Sinai Kim
- a Immune and Vascular Cell Network Research Center, National Creative Initiatives , Department of Life Sciences , Ewha Womans University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Jong-Gil Park
- c Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology , Daejeon , Korea
| | - In-Hyuk Jung
- b Cardiovascular Division , Department of Medicine , Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA
| | - Mi-Ni Lee
- a Immune and Vascular Cell Network Research Center, National Creative Initiatives , Department of Life Sciences , Ewha Womans University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Sejin Jeon
- a Immune and Vascular Cell Network Research Center, National Creative Initiatives , Department of Life Sciences , Ewha Womans University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Hyae Yon Kweon
- a Immune and Vascular Cell Network Research Center, National Creative Initiatives , Department of Life Sciences , Ewha Womans University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Dae-Yeul Yu
- d Korea Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , Daejeon , Korea
| | - Sang-Hak Lee
- e Division of Cardiology , Department of Internal Medicine , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Yangsoo Jang
- e Division of Cardiology , Department of Internal Medicine , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Sang Won Kang
- f Department of Life Science and Research Center for Cell Homeostasis , Ewha Womans University , Seoul , Korea ; Global Top5 Research program, Ewha Womans University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Ki-Hwan Han
- g Department of Anatomy , School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Yury I Miller
- h Department of Medicine , University of California, San Diego , San Diego , CA , USA
| | - Young Mi Park
- i Department of Molecular Medicine , Ewha Womans University School of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Cheolho Cheong
- j Department of Microbiology and Immunology , McGill Faculty of Medicine , Montréal , Canada
| | - Jae-Hoon Choi
- k Department of Life Science , College of Natural Sciences and Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University , Seoul , Korea
| | - Goo Taeg Oh
- a Immune and Vascular Cell Network Research Center, National Creative Initiatives , Department of Life Sciences , Ewha Womans University , Seoul , Korea
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Zannis VI, Su S, Fotakis P. Role of apolipoproteins, ABCA1 and LCAT in the biogenesis of normal and aberrant high density lipoproteins. J Biomed Res 2017; 31:471. [PMID: 29109329 PMCID: PMC6307667 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.31.20160082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we focus on the pathway of biogenesis of HDL, the essential role of apoA-I, ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), and lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) in the formation of plasma HDL; the generation of aberrant forms of HDL containing mutant apoA-I forms and the role of apoA-IV and apoE in the formation of distinct HDL subpopulations. The biogenesis of HDL requires functional interactions of the ABCA1 with apoA-I (and to a lesser extent with apoE and apoA-IV) and subsequent interactions of the nascent HDL species thus formed with LCAT. Mutations in apoA-I, ABCA1 and LCAT either prevent or impair the formation of HDL and may also affect the functionality of the HDL species formed. Emphasis is placed on three categories of apoA-I mutations. The first category describes a unique bio-engineered apoA-I mutation that disrupts interactions between apoA-I and ABCA1 and generates aberrant preβ HDL subpopulations that cannot be converted efficiently to α subpopulations by LCAT. The second category describes natural and bio-engineered apoA-I mutations that generate preβ and small size α4 HDL subpopulations, and are associated with low plasma HDL levels. These phenotypes can be corrected by excess LCAT. The third category describes bio-engineered apoA-I mutations that induce hypertriglyceridemia that can be corrected by excess lipoprotein lipase and also have defective maturation of HDL. The HDL phenotypes described here may serve in the future for diagnosis, prognoses and potential treatment of abnormalities that affect the biogenesis and functionality of HDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilis I. Zannis
- . Molecular Genetics, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- . Department University of Crete, School of Medicine, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Shi Su
- . Molecular Genetics, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Panagiotis Fotakis
- . Molecular Genetics, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- . Department University of Crete, School of Medicine, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Burns VE, Kerppola TK. ATR-101 inhibits cholesterol efflux and cortisol secretion by ATP-binding cassette transporters, causing cytotoxic cholesterol accumulation in adrenocortical carcinoma cells. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:3315-3332. [PMID: 28710789 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To further the development of new agents for the treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), we characterized the molecular and cellular mechanisms of cytotoxicity by the adrenalytic compound ATR-101 (PD132301-02). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We compared the effects of ATR-101, PD129337, and ABC transporter inhibitors on cholesterol accumulation and efflux, on cortisol secretion, on ATP levels, and on caspase activation in ACC-derived cell lines. We examined the effects of these compounds in combination with methyl-β-cyclodextrin or exogenous cholesterol to determine the roles of altered cholesterol levels in the effects of these compounds. KEY RESULTS ATR-101 caused cholesterol accumulation, ATP depletion, and caspase activation within 30 minutes after addition to ACC-derived cells, whereas PD129337 did not. Suppression of cholesterol accumulation by methyl-β-cyclodextrin or exogenous cholesterol, prevented ATP depletion and caspase activation by ATR-101. ATR-101 blocked cholesterol efflux and cortisol secretion, suggesting that it inhibited ABCA1, ABCG1, and MDR1 transporters. Combinations of ABCA1, ABCG1, and MDR1 inhibitors were also cytotoxic. Combinations of ATR-101 with inhibitors of ABCG1, MDR1, or mitochondrial functions had increased cytotoxicity. Inhibitors of steroidogenesis reduced ATP depletion by ATR-101, whereas U18666A enhanced cholesterol accumulation and ATP depletion together with ATR-101. ATR-101 repressed ABCA1, ABCG1, and IDOL transcription by mechanisms that were distinct from the mechanisms that caused cholesterol accumulation. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Inhibition of multiple ABC transporters and the consequent accumulation of cholesterol mediated the cytotoxicity of ATR-101. Compounds that replicate these effects in tumours are likely to be useful in the treatment of ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tom Klaus Kerppola
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Reduced platelet count, but no major platelet function abnormalities, are associated with loss-of-function ATP-binding cassette-1 gene mutations. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017. [PMID: 28634189 DOI: 10.1042/cs20170195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations of the the ATP-binding cassette-1 (ABCA1) gene are the cause of Tangier disease (TD) in homozygous subjects and familial HDL deficiency (FHD) in heterozygous subjects. These disorders are characterized by reduced plasma HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and altered efflux of cholesterol from cells. Previous studies in TD patients and ABCA1-/- murine models reported defects in platelet count, morphology, and function, but the issue is still controversial. We analyzed three subjects with low to very low HDL-C levels due to the loss-of-function mutations of the ABCA1 gene. Two related patients with FHD were heterozygous carriers of two mutations on the same ABCA1 allele; one, with TD, was homozygous for a different mutation. Mild to moderate thrombocytopenia was observed in all the patients. No morphological platelet abnormalities were detected under optical or EM. History of moderate bleeding tendency was recorded only in one of the FHD patients. Only limited alterations in platelet aggregation and activation of the integrin αIIbβ3 were observed in one FHD patient. While α-granule secretion (P-selectin), content, and secretion of platelet δ-granules (serotonin, ATP, and ADP) and thromboxane (TX) A2 synthesis were normal in all the patients, the expression of lysosomal CD63, in response to some agonists, was reduced in TD patients. In conclusion, three patients carrying ABCA1 genetic variants had low platelet count, with the lowest values observed in TD, not associated with major alterations in platelet morphology and response to agonists or bleeding.
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Liu M, Chung S, Shelness GS, Parks JS. Hepatic ABCA1 deficiency is associated with delayed apolipoprotein B secretory trafficking and augmented VLDL triglyceride secretion. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1862:1035-1043. [PMID: 28694219 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) is a membrane transporter that facilitates nascent HDL formation. Tangier disease subjects with complete ABCA1 deficiency have <5% of normal levels of plasma HDL, elevated triglycerides (TGs), and defective vesicular trafficking in fibroblasts and macrophages. Hepatocyte-specific ABCA1 knockout mice (HSKO) have a similar lipid phenotype with 20% of normal plasma HDL levels and a two-fold elevation of plasma TGs due to hepatic overproduction of large, triglyceride-enriched VLDL. We hypothesized that enhanced VLDL TG secretion in the absence of hepatocyte ABCA1 is due to altered intracellular trafficking of apolipoprotein B (apoB), resulting in augmented TG addition to nascent VLDL. We found that trafficking of newly synthesized apoB through the secretory pathway was delayed in ABCA1-silenced rat hepatoma cells and HSKO primary hepatocytes, relative to controls. Endoglycosidase H treatment of cellular apoB revealed a likely delay in apoB trafficking in post-ER compartments. The reduced rate of protein trafficking was also observed for an adenoviral-expressed GPI-linked fluorescent fusion protein, but not albumin, suggesting a selective delay of secretory cargoes in the absence of hepatocyte ABCA1. Our results suggest an important role for hepatic ABCA1 in regulating secretory trafficking and modulating VLDL expansion during the TG accretion phase of hepatic lipoprotein particle assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxia Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine-Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
| | - Soonkyu Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine-Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Gregory S Shelness
- Department of Internal Medicine-Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - John S Parks
- Department of Internal Medicine-Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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Yamanashi Y, Takada T, Kurauchi R, Tanaka Y, Komine T, Suzuki H. Transporters for the Intestinal Absorption of Cholesterol, Vitamin E, and Vitamin K. J Atheroscler Thromb 2017; 24:347-359. [PMID: 28100881 PMCID: PMC5392472 DOI: 10.5551/jat.rv16007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans cannot synthesize fat-soluble vitamins such as vitamin E and vitamin K. For this reason, they must be obtained from the diet via intestinal absorption. As the deficiency or excess of these vitamins has been reported to cause several types of diseases and disorders in humans, the intestinal absorption of these nutrients must be properly regulated to ensure good health. However, the mechanism of their intestinal absorption remains poorly understood. Recent studies on cholesterol using genome-edited mice, genome-wide association approaches, gene mutation analyses, and the development of cholesterol absorption inhibitors have revealed that several membrane proteins play crucial roles in the intestinal absorption of cholesterol. Surprisingly, detailed analyses of these cholesterol transporters have revealed that they can also transport vitamin E and vitamin K, providing clues to uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying the intestinal absorption of these fat-soluble vitamins. In this review, we focus on the membrane proteins (Niemann-Pick C1 like 1, scavenger receptor class B type I, cluster of differentiation 36, and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1) that are (potentially) involved in the intestinal absorption of cholesterol, vitamin E, and vitamin K and discuss their physiological and pharmacological importance. We also discuss the related uncertainties that need to be explored in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihide Yamanashi
- Department of Pharmacy, the University of Tokyo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, the University of Tokyo
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Pennington KL, DeAngelis MM. Epidemiology of age-related macular degeneration (AMD): associations with cardiovascular disease phenotypes and lipid factors. EYE AND VISION 2016; 3:34. [PMID: 28032115 PMCID: PMC5178091 DOI: 10.1186/s40662-016-0063-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in adults over 50 years old. Genetic, epidemiological, and molecular studies are beginning to unravel the intricate mechanisms underlying this complex disease, which implicate the lipid-cholesterol pathway in the pathophysiology of disease development and progression. Many of the genetic and environmental risk factors associated with AMD are also associated with other complex degenerative diseases of advanced age, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this review, we present epidemiological findings associating AMD with a variety of lipid pathway genes, cardiovascular phenotypes, and relevant environmental exposures. Despite a number of studies showing significant associations between AMD and these lipid/cardiovascular factors, results have been mixed and as such the relationships among these factors and AMD remain controversial. It is imperative that researchers not only tease out the various contributions of such factors to AMD development but also the connections between AMD and CVD to develop optimal precision medical care for aging adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L Pennington
- Department of Ophthalmology, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA
| | - Margaret M DeAngelis
- Department of Ophthalmology, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA
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Fawzy MS, Alhadramy O, Hussein MH, Ismail HM, Ismail NM, Biomy NM, Toraih EA. Functional and Structural Impact of ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter A1 R219K and I883M Gene Polymorphisms in Obese Children and Adolescents. Mol Diagn Ther 2016; 19:221-34. [PMID: 26243156 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-015-0150-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is a serious medical condition that affects children and adolescents. ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) protein is known to mediate the transport of intracellular cholesterol and phospholipids across the cell membranes. Thus, we aimed to investigate the association between ABCA1 gene polymorphisms and overweight/obesity risk, and to evaluate their relation to the lipid profile. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included in silico analysis of ABCA1 gene and protein. Two genetic variants in ABCA1 gene-R219K (rs2230806; G/A) and I883M (rs2066714; A/G)-were genotyped in 128 normal weight and 128 overweight/obese subjects using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technology. Anthropometric and biochemical assessments were performed. RESULTS Our findings suggest that the heterozygote GA genotype of R219K polymorphism increased susceptibility to obesity under the heterozygous model (odds ratio 2.75, 95 % CI 1.01-6.12; p = 0.014) compared with the control group. This susceptibility could be gender-specific, with higher risk among females. In addition, the A variant was associated with a higher degree of obesity (p < 0.001). On the other hand, individuals with the G variant of I883M polymorphism showed lower susceptibility to obesity under all genetic models (allelic, homozygote, heterozygote, dominant, and recessive models; p < 0.05), with no observed association with body mass index or degree of obesity. However, both single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) showed significant differences in lipid levels among patients with different genotypes. CONCLUSIONS The study results suggest that R219K and I883M SNPs of the ABCA1 gene may play a role in susceptibility to obesity in our Egyptian population; the former increases susceptibility and phenotype severity, and the latter is protective. Larger epidemiological studies are needed for validation of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal S Fawzy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt,
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Lhermusier T, Severin S, Van Rothem J, Garcia C, Bertrand-Michel J, Le Faouder P, Hechler B, Broccardo C, Couvert P, Chimini G, Sié P, Payrastre B. ATP-binding cassette transporter 1 (ABCA1) deficiency decreases platelet reactivity and reduces thromboxane A2 production independently of hematopoietic ABCA1. J Thromb Haemost 2016; 14:585-95. [PMID: 26749169 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED ESSENTIALS: The role of ATP-binding cassette transporter 1 (ABCA1) in platelet functions is poorly characterized. We studied the impact of ABCA1 deficiency on platelet responses in a mouse model and two Tangier patients. ABCA1-deficient platelets exhibit reduced positive feedback loop mechanisms. This reduced reactivity is dependent on external environment and independent of hematopoietic ABCA1. SUMMARY BACKGROUND The ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCA1 is required for the conversion of apolipoprotein A-1 to high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and its defect causes Tangier disease, a rare disorder characterized by an absence of HDL and accumulation of cholesterol in peripheral tissues. The role of ABCA1 in platelet functions remains poorly characterized. OBJECTIVE To determine the role of ABCA1 in platelet functions and to clarify controversies concerning its implication in processes as fundamental as platelet phosphatidylserine exposure and control of platelet membrane lipid composition. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied the impact of ABCA1 deficiency on platelet responses in a mouse model and in two Tangier patients. We show that platelets in ABCA1-deficient mice are slightly larger in size and exhibit aggregation and secretion defects in response to low concentrations of thrombin and collagen. These platelets have normal cholesterol and major phospholipid composition, granule morphology, or calcium-induced phosphatidylserine exposure. Interestingly, ABCA1-deficient platelets display a reduction in positive feedback loop mechanisms, particularly in thromboxane A2 (TXA2) production. Hematopoietic chimera mice demonstrated that defective eicosanoids production, particularly TXA2, was primarily dependent on external environment and not on the hematopoietic ABCA1. Decreased aggregation and production of TXA2 and eicosanoids were also observed in platelets from Tangier patients. CONCLUSIONS Absence of ABCA1 and low HDL level induce reduction of platelet reactivity by decreasing positive feedback loops, particularly TXA2 production through a hematopoietic ABCA1-independent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Lhermusier
- Inserm, U1048 et Université Toulouse 3, I2MC, Toulouse, France
- Département de Cardiologie, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - S Severin
- Inserm, U1048 et Université Toulouse 3, I2MC, Toulouse, France
| | - J Van Rothem
- Inserm, U1048 et Université Toulouse 3, I2MC, Toulouse, France
- Département de Cardiologie, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - C Garcia
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - P Le Faouder
- I2MC, Lipidomic Core Facility-MetaToul, Toulouse, France
| | - B Hechler
- Inserm UMR-S949, Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - P Couvert
- Service de Biochimie Endocrinienne et Oncologique, Hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - G Chimini
- CIML, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Case 906, Marseille Luminy, France
| | - P Sié
- Inserm, U1048 et Université Toulouse 3, I2MC, Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - B Payrastre
- Inserm, U1048 et Université Toulouse 3, I2MC, Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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Okoro EU, Zhang H, Guo Z, Yang F, Smith C, Yang H. A Subregion of Reelin Suppresses Lipoprotein-Induced Cholesterol Accumulation in Macrophages. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136895. [PMID: 26317415 PMCID: PMC4552883 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of apolipoprotein E receptor-2 (apoER2) and very low density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) inhibits foam cell formation. Reelin is a ligand of these receptors. Here we generated two reelin subregions containing the receptor binding domain with or without its C-terminal region (R5-6C and R5-6, respectively) and studied the impact of these peptides on macrophage cholesterol metabolism. We found that both R5-6C and R5-6 can be secreted by cells. Purified R5-6 protein can bind apoER2 and VLDLR. Overexpression of apoER2 in macrophages increased the amount of R5-6 bound to the cell surface. Treatment of macrophages with 0.2 μg/ml R5-6 elevated ATP binding cassette A1 (ABCA1) protein level by ~72% and apoAI-mediated cholesterol efflux by ~39%. In addition, the medium harvested from cells overexpressing R5-6 or R5-6C (R5-6- and R5-6C-conditioned media, respectively) also up-regulated ABCA1 protein expression, which was associated with accelerated cholesterol efflux and enhanced phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) and specificity protein-1 (Sp1) in macrophages. The increased ABCA1 expression and cholesterol efflux by R5-6- and R5-6C-conditioned media were diminished by Sp1 or PI3K inhibitors mithramycin A and LY294002. Further, the cholesterol accumulation induced by apoB-containing, apoE-free lipoproteins was significantly less in macrophages incubated with R5-6- or R5-6C-conditioned medium than in those incubated with control conditioned medium. Knockdown of apoER2 or VLDLR attenuated the inhibitory role of R5-6-conditioned medium against lipoprotein-induced cholesterol accumulation. These results suggest that the reelin subregion R5-6 can serve as a tool for studying the role of apoER2 and VLDLR in atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel U. Okoro
- Department of Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Hongfeng Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongmao Guo
- Department of Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Carlie Smith
- Department of Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Li XH, Li Y, Cheng ZY, Cai XG, Wang HM. The Effects of Phellinus linteus Polysaccharide Extracts on Cholesterol Efflux in Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein–Loaded THP-1 Macrophages. J Investig Med 2015; 63:752-7. [DOI: 10.1097/jim.0000000000000201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Gillespie MA, Gold ES, Ramsey SA, Podolsky I, Aderem A, Ranish JA. An LXR-NCOA5 gene regulatory complex directs inflammatory crosstalk-dependent repression of macrophage cholesterol efflux. EMBO J 2015; 34:1244-58. [PMID: 25755249 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201489819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
LXR-cofactor complexes activate the gene expression program responsible for cholesterol efflux in macrophages. Inflammation antagonizes this program, resulting in foam cell formation and atherosclerosis; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying this antagonism remain to be fully elucidated. We use promoter enrichment-quantitative mass spectrometry (PE-QMS) to characterize the composition of gene regulatory complexes assembled at the promoter of the lipid transporter Abca1 following downregulation of its expression. We identify a subset of proteins that show LXR ligand- and binding-dependent association with the Abca1 promoter and demonstrate they differentially control Abca1 expression. We determine that NCOA5 is linked to inflammatory Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling and establish that NCOA5 functions as an LXR corepressor to attenuate Abca1 expression. Importantly, TLR3-LXR signal crosstalk promotes recruitment of NCOA5 to the Abca1 promoter together with loss of RNA polymerase II and reduced cholesterol efflux. Together, these data significantly expand our knowledge of regulatory inputs impinging on the Abca1 promoter and indicate a central role for NCOA5 in mediating crosstalk between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory pathways that results in repression of macrophage cholesterol efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephen A Ramsey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | | | - Alan Aderem
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
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Murphy AJ, Yvan-Charvet L. Adipose modulation of ABCG1 uncovers an intimate link between sphingomyelin and triglyceride storage. Diabetes 2015; 64:689-92. [PMID: 25713191 DOI: 10.2337/db14-1553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Murphy
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Laurent Yvan-Charvet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1065, Centre Mediterranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Nice, France
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Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is considered to be an anti-atherogenic lipoprotein moiety. Generation of genetically modified (total body and tissue-specific knockout) mouse models has significantly contributed to our understanding of HDL function. Here we will review data from knockout mouse studies on the importance of HDL's major alipoprotein apoA-I, the ABC transporters A1 and G1, lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase, phospholipid transfer protein, and scavenger receptor BI for HDL's metabolism and its protection against atherosclerosis in mice. The initial generation and maturation of HDL particles as well as the selective delivery of its cholesterol to the liver are essential parameters in the life cycle of HDL. Detrimental atherosclerosis effects observed in response to HDL deficiency in mice cannot be solely attributed to the low HDL levels per se, as the low HDL levels are in most models paralleled by changes in non-HDL-cholesterol levels. However, the cholesterol efflux function of HDL is of critical importance to overcome foam cell formation and the development of atherosclerotic lesions in mice. Although HDL is predominantly studied for its atheroprotective action, the mouse data also suggest an essential role for HDL as cholesterol donor for steroidogenic tissues, including the adrenals and ovaries. Furthermore, it appears that a relevant interaction exists between HDL-mediated cellular cholesterol efflux and the susceptibility to inflammation, which (1) provides strong support for the novel concept that inflammation and metabolism are intertwining biological processes and (2) identifies the efflux function of HDL as putative therapeutic target also in other inflammatory diseases than atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menno Hoekstra
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands,
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Zannis VI, Fotakis P, Koukos G, Kardassis D, Ehnholm C, Jauhiainen M, Chroni A. HDL biogenesis, remodeling, and catabolism. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2015; 224:53-111. [PMID: 25522986 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-09665-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this chapter, we review how HDL is generated, remodeled, and catabolized in plasma. We describe key features of the proteins that participate in these processes, emphasizing how mutations in apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) and the other proteins affect HDL metabolism. The biogenesis of HDL initially requires functional interaction of apoA-I with the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and subsequently interactions of the lipidated apoA-I forms with lecithin/cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT). Mutations in these proteins either prevent or impair the formation and possibly the functionality of HDL. Remodeling and catabolism of HDL is the result of interactions of HDL with cell receptors and other membrane and plasma proteins including hepatic lipase (HL), endothelial lipase (EL), phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP), cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), apolipoprotein M (apoM), scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI), ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1), the F1 subunit of ATPase (Ecto F1-ATPase), and the cubulin/megalin receptor. Similarly to apoA-I, apolipoprotein E and apolipoprotein A-IV were shown to form discrete HDL particles containing these apolipoproteins which may have important but still unexplored functions. Furthermore, several plasma proteins were found associated with HDL and may modulate its biological functions. The effect of these proteins on the functionality of HDL is the topic of ongoing research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilis I Zannis
- Molecular Genetics, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA,
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Akt inhibition promotes ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux to ApoA-I through suppressing mTORC1. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113789. [PMID: 25415591 PMCID: PMC4240609 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) plays an essential role in mediating cholesterol efflux to apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), a major housekeeping mechanism for cellular cholesterol homeostasis. After initial engagement with ABCA1, apoA-I directly interacts with the plasma membrane to acquire cholesterol. This apoA-I lipidation process is also known to require cellular signaling processes, presumably to support cholesterol trafficking to the plasma membrane. We report here that one of major signaling pathways in mammalian cells, Akt, is also involved. In several cell models that express ABCA1 including macrophages, pancreatic beta cells and hepatocytes, inhibition of Akt increases cholesterol efflux to apoA-I. Importantly, Akt inhibition has little effect on cells expressing non-functional mutant of ABCA1, implicating a specific role of Akt in ABCA1 function. Furthermore, we provide evidence that mTORC1, a major downstream target of Akt, is also a negative regulator of cholesterol efflux. In cells where mTORC1 is constitutively activated due to tuberous sclerosis complex 2 deletion, cholesterol efflux to apoA-I is no longer sensitive to Akt activity. This suggests that Akt suppresses cholesterol efflux through mTORC1 activation. Indeed, inhibition of mTORC1 by rapamycin or Torin-1 promotes cholesterol efflux. On the other hand, autophagy, one of the major pathways of cholesterol trafficking, is increased upon Akt inhibition. Furthermore, Akt inhibition disrupts lipid rafts, which is known to promote cholesterol efflux to apoA-I. We therefore conclude that Akt, through its downstream targets, mTORC1 and hence autophagy, negatively regulates cholesterol efflux to apoA-I.
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Uehara Y, Saku K. High-density lipoprotein and atherosclerosis: Roles of lipid transporters. World J Cardiol 2014; 6:1049-1059. [PMID: 25349649 PMCID: PMC4209431 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v6.i10.1049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Various previous studies have found a negative correlation between the risk of cardiovascular events and serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. The reverse cholesterol transport, a pathway of cholesterol from peripheral tissue to liver which has several potent antiatherogenic properties. For instance, the particles of HDL mediate to transport cholesterol from cells in arterial tissues, particularly from atherosclerotic plaques, to the liver. Both ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC) A1 and ABCG1 are membrane cholesterol transporters and have been implicated in mediating cholesterol effluxes from cells in the presence of HDL and apolipoprotein A-I, a major protein constituent of HDL. Previous studies demonstrated that ABCA1 and ABCG1 or the interaction between ABCA1 and ABCG1 exerted antiatherosclerotic effects. As a therapeutic approach for increasing HDL cholesterol levels, much focus has been placed on increasing HDL cholesterol levels as well as enhancing HDL biochemical functions. HDL therapies that use injections of reconstituted HDL, apoA-I mimetics, or full-length apoA-I have shown dramatic effectiveness. In particular, a novel apoA-I mimetic peptide, Fukuoka University ApoA-I Mimetic Peptide, effectively removes cholesterol via specific ABCA1 and other transporters, such as ABCG1, and has an antiatherosclerotic effect by enhancing the biological functions of HDL without changing circulating HDL cholesterol levels. Thus, HDL-targeting therapy has significant atheroprotective potential, as it uses lipid transporter-targeting agents, and may prove to be a therapeutic tool for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.
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Wang C, Shi C, Yang X, Yang M, Sun H, Wang C. Celastrol suppresses obesity process via increasing antioxidant capacity and improving lipid metabolism. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 744:52-8. [PMID: 25300680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
High fat diet, as an important risk factor, plays a pivotal role in atherosclerotic process. Celastrol is one of the active triterpenoid compounds with antioxidative and anti-inflammatory characters. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of celastrol on weight, blood lipid and oxidative injury induced by high fat emulsion, and investigate its potential pharmacological mechanisms. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with high fat emulsion for 6 wk to mimic high fat mediated oxidative injury. The effects of celastrol on weight and blood lipid were evaluated, and its mechanisms were disclosed by applying western blot, ELISA and assay kits. Long-term consumption of high fat emulsion could significantly increase weight by enhancing total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), apolipoprotein B (Apo B), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) levels, attenuating ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) expression, and decreasing the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and apolipoprotein A-I (Apo A-I), and inhibit antioxidant enzymes activities, improve nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity. Comparing with model group, celastrol was able to effectively suppress weight and attenuate high fat mediated oxidative injury by improving ABCA1 expression, reducing the levels of TC, TG, LDL-c and Apo B in plasma, and increasing antioxidant enzymes activities and inhibiting NADPH oxidase activity, and decreasing the serum levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species in dose-dependent way. These data demonstrated that celastrol was able to effectively suppress weight and alleviate high-fat mediated cardiovascular injury via mitigating oxidative stress and improving lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyun Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China
| | - Chunfeng Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China
| | - Ming Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China
| | - Hongliu Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China
| | - Chunhua Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China.
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Yao Z, Zhang L, Ji G. Efficacy of polyphenolic ingredients of Chinese herbs in treating dyslipidemia of metabolic syndromes. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2014; 12:135-46. [PMID: 24861834 DOI: 10.1016/s2095-4964(14)60023-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing interest and popularity of Chinese herbal medicine worldwide, which is accompanied by increasing concerns about its effectiveness and potential toxicity. Several ingredients, such as polyphenolic compounds berberine, flavonoids, and curcumin, have been studied extensively by using various animal models. Effectiveness of treatment and amelioration of metabolic syndromes, including insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, has been demonstrated. This review summarizes the major checkpoints and contributing factors in regulation of exogenous and endogenous lipid metabolism, with particular emphasis centered on triglyceride-rich and cholesterol-rich lipoproteins. Available experimental evidence demonstrating the lipid-lowering effect of berberine, flavonoids and curcumin in cell culture and animal models is compiled, and the strengths and shortcomings of experimental designs in these studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zemin Yao
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ottawa Institute of System Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1H 8M5, Canada; E-mail:
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
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Thymiakou E, Kardassis D. Novel mechanism of transcriptional repression of the human ATP binding cassette transporter A1 gene in hepatic cells by the winged helix/forkhead box transcription factor A2. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2014; 1839:526-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2014.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Shalia K, Saranath D, Shah VK. Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell ABCA1 Transcripts and Protein Expression in Acute Myocardial Infarction. J Clin Lab Anal 2014; 29:242-9. [PMID: 24796288 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.21757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ATP binding cassette transporter-A1 (ABCA1) facilitates the formation of high density lipoprotein (HDL). HDL due to its anti-atherosclerotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic activities provides protection against atherothrombosis or myocardial infarction (MI). The aim was to investigate the role of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMNC) ABCA1 expression in MI. METHODS The participants comprised 29 males with acute MI (AMI) and 20 healthy controls. AMI patients were normotensive, not on statins, with triglycerides < 200mg/dl and categorized into AMI with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) (N = 12) and without T2DM (N = 17). The PBMNC ABCA1 mRNA transcripts were analysed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRTPCR) and protein by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS PBMNC ABCA1 mRNA transcript and protein levels were not significantly different in AMI patients or when sub-grouped into with/without T2DM, as compared to controls. ABCA1 protein correlated positively with HDL-cholesterol (r = 0.655, p = 0.021) in AMI patients with T2DM and negatively with age (r = - 0.525, p = 0.031) in AMI patients without T2DM and it was more strongly associated in latter group with smoking and alcohol habit. CONCLUSION In the present study, the effects of metabolites of diabetes and ischemia were observed on PBMNC ABCA1 protein and thus on HDL-C in AMI patients. Further influence of risk factors such as smoking and alcohol consumption observed in the present study can be evaluated in larger sample size. The control of these cardiovascular associated risk factors may increase stability of PBMNC ABCA1 protein and thus HDL-C levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Shalia
- Sir H. N. Medical Research Society, Sir H. N. Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Vinod K Shah
- Sir H. N. Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
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