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Bahat-Yaacoby A, Hamdan S. The pain and relief of grief: Mental pain and mental pain acceptance associations with post-loss pathologies and growth among young widows and widowers. DEATH STUDIES 2024:1-12. [PMID: 39243276 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2024.2400372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Mental pain is a core symptom of bereavement, yet its study with grief pathologies is still scarce. Mental pain acceptance may also affect the associations between mental pain, grief pathologies, and post-loss growth (PLG). The current study aims to investigate the associations between mental pain, mental pain acceptance, and post-loss outcomes in a sample of young widow(er)s. 257 young Israeli widow(er)s completed questionnaires assessing mental pain, mental pain acceptance, depression, complicated grief (CG), suicidal risk and PLG. Paths analyses revealed that depression mediated the positive associations between mental pain and suicidal risk and CG, and mental pain acceptance moderated the positive association between mental pain and depression. Mental pain acceptance also moderated the negative association between mental pain and PLG. The study's findings highlight the crucial role of mental pain and mental pain acceptance in the associations between adverse and favorable post-loss outcomes among bereaved individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Bahat-Yaacoby
- School of Behavioural Sciences, The Academic Coillege of Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Israel
| | - Sami Hamdan
- School of Behavioural Sciences, The Academic Coillege of Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Israel
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2
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Gu L, Shen C, Zhao L, Li N, Wang R, Dai L, Chu Z. The relationship between fear of cancer recurrence and posttraumatic growth: a meta-analysis. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1373102. [PMID: 38887626 PMCID: PMC11181912 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1373102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Theoretically, stress is positively correlated with posttraumatic growth (PTG). However, evidence for a correlation between fear of cancer recurrence (FCR), a cancer-specific stressor, and PTG is mixed. The present study aimed to systematically investigate the overall effect size between the two and to explore moderators that may influence this relationship. Methods From the earliest available date to October 2023, a comprehensive search was conducted in seven databases. Correlation coefficients (r) were calculated using Stata software. Publication type, continent, trauma role, gender, FCR measurements, PTG measurements, sample size, age, and time since diagnosis were used to examine moderating effects. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's (NHLBI) assessment tool was used to evaluate study quality. Results A total of 14 studies, involving 17 samples and 3,701 participants, were included. The studies found a small association between FCR and PTG (r = 0.161, 95% CI: 0.070-0.249, p < 0.01) and large heterogeneity (I2 = 85.5%). The strength of the association varied according to the publication type and FCR measurement. Conclusion The current review suggests a small but significant positive correlation between FCR and PTG. Future studies would benefit from exploring additional moderators and the use of standardized, validated FCR measurement tools. Systematic review registration PROSPERO, identifier CRD42023460407.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianqi Gu
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Shen
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Linlin Zhao
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rao Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lili Dai
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiping Chu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Onyedibe MCC, Blickle P, Schmidt ME, Steindorf K. Posttraumatic growth and health-related quality of life in cancer survivors: Does fatigue moderate the link? Stress Health 2024; 40:e3299. [PMID: 37547957 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Interest in post-traumatic growth (PTG) as a predictor of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is currently gaining attention. However, current evidence is still inconclusive on the nature of this relationship. The first objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between PTG and global HRQoL among cancer survivors. We further investigated the moderating role of fatigue in the association between PTG and global HRQoL. In the FiX study (Fatigue in Germany - Examination of prevalence, severity, and state of screening and treatment) cancer-related fatigue (EORTC QLQ-FA12), PTG inventory and global HRQoL (EORTC QLQ-C30) were assessed four years after cancer diagnosis in 1316 cancer-free survivors (mean age = 67.28, SD = 11.05, 51.4% female). Multiple linear regression analysis and moderation analysis were performed. The results showed that PTG had a convex quadratic relationship with global HRQoL (p < 0.001). Contrary to our hypothesis, fatigue did not moderate the relationship between PTG (linear and quadratic terms) and global HRQoL, neither when considering the overall PTG score nor for any PTG subdimension. In conclusion, PTG has a convex quadratic relationship with long-term global HRQoL that was not modified by persisting fatigue. Future statistical models investigating PTG and global HRQoL should take this non-linear relationship into account. Aiming to increase PTG might contribute to, but is likely not sufficient for high levels of global HRQoL in cancer survivors in the long run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Chidi C Onyedibe
- Division of Physical Activity, Prevention and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Psychology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Patricia Blickle
- Division of Physical Activity, Prevention and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina E Schmidt
- Division of Physical Activity, Prevention and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karen Steindorf
- Division of Physical Activity, Prevention and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
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Negri-Schwartz O, Lavidor M, Shilton T, Gothelf D, Hasson-Ohayon I. Post-traumatic growth correlates among parents of children with chronic illnesses: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev 2024; 109:102409. [PMID: 38422715 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2024.102409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Parenting a child with a chronic illness presents a complex journey marked by various challenges, along with possible personal growth following these challenges. In this systematic review we present three meta-analyses, in order to examine the associations of post-traumatic growth (PTG) among parents of children with diverse chronic illnesses, and psychological distress, social support, and resilience. Analyzing 34 studies encompassing a total of 5328 parents, the results reveal several key findings. First, PTG was found to be prevalent among the parents. Second, there was no significant correlation between PTG and psychological distress, suggesting that these two processes may exist independently. Third, a positive correlation was observed between PTG and both social support and resilience-related factors, underscoring the role of these factors in fostering growth among parents of children with chronic illnesses. Additionally, illness type emerged as a moderator, affecting the strength of the above-mentioned correlations with PTG. Specifically, in the case of psychiatric illnesses, correlations of PTG with social support and resilience were stronger than in the context of other illnesses. Overall, this review emphasizes the significance of recognizing and addressing PTG correlates among parents of children with chronic illnesses, offering insights for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michal Lavidor
- Psychology Department, Bar-Ilan University, Israel; Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Israel
| | - Tal Shilton
- Child Psychiatry Division, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Doron Gothelf
- Child Psychiatry Division, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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5
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Fritzson E, Bellizzi KM, Zhang N, Park CL. Effects of Resilience and Emotion Regulation on Perceptions of Positive and Negative Life Changes in Cancer Survivors: A Longitudinal Study. Ann Behav Med 2024; 58:253-263. [PMID: 38309713 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaae003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While many studies have investigated the sociodemographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors associated with perceived positive change after cancer, longitudinal work examining how emotion regulation, and resilience impact perceptions of life change among newly diagnosed cancer survivors is lacking. PURPOSE This study examined the prevalence of perceived positive and negative life changes following cancer and explored the role of emotion regulation and resilience on perceived change over 6 months. METHODS Data from 534 recent survivors of breast, prostate, or colorectal cancer (Mage = 59.3, 36.5% male) collected at baseline (Time 1) and 6-month follow-up (Time 2) were analyzed. Multivariate linear regressions were estimated separately to examine if resilience or emotion regulation were associated with perceived change at Time 2 after controlling for relevant sociodemographic and psychosocial measures. RESULTS At both time points, greater than 90% of participants reported at least one perceived positive change while fewer than a third reported a negative change. Indices of emotion regulation and resilience were positively related to perceived positive change at both time points and negatively related to perceived negative change at Time 1. Emotion regulation but not resilience was negatively associated with perceived negative change at Time 2. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that cancer survivors who are less resilient and struggle with emotion regulation are more susceptible to perceptions of fewer positive and greater negative life changes after cancer. As such, psychosocial interventions should be developed to promote resilience and emotional regulation in cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Fritzson
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Keith M Bellizzi
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Crystal L Park
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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Brechbiel JK, Willis KD, Reid MP, Lanoye A, Aslanzadeh FJ, Fox AM, Braun SE, Loughan AR. Primary brain tumor representation in the post-traumatic growth literature: A scoping review. Neurooncol Pract 2024; 11:26-35. [PMID: 38222049 PMCID: PMC10785581 DOI: 10.1093/nop/npad058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Post-traumatic growth (PTG) has been extensively explored within general oncology, yet little is known about the experience of PTG in neuro-oncology. This study aimed to determine the representation of patients with primary brain tumors (PBT) in the PTG literature. Methods PsycINFO, PubMed, and CINAHL were systematically searched from inception to December 2022. Search terms were related to personal growth and positive reactions to cancer. Articles were first screened by titles and abstracts, then full texts were reviewed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses method. Results A total of 382 articles met the inclusion criteria. Of those, 13 included patients with PBT. Over 100 000 cancer patients were represented, with 0.79% having a PBT. Most research focused on low-grade gliomas. PTG negatively correlated with post-traumatic stress symptoms and avoidant coping. In the sole longitudinal study, patients with PBT demonstrated improved PTG after 1 year. Three quasi-experimental studies investigated the effect of mindfulness-based interventions with mixed-cancer samples and demonstrated improvement in PTG. Conclusions The inclusion rate of patients with PBT in the PTG literature was significantly lower than the population prevalence rate (1.3% of cancer diagnoses). Relatively few studies focused exclusively on how patients with PBT experience PTG (k = 5), and those that did only included low-grade glioma. The experience of PTG in those with high-grade glioma remains unknown. Patients with PBT are scarcely included in research on PTG interventions. Few studies examined the relationship between PTG and medical, cognitive, or psychological characteristics. Our understanding of the PTG experience in neuro-oncology remains extremely limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K Brechbiel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kelcie D Willis
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Morgan P Reid
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Autumn Lanoye
- School of Medicine, Department of Health Behavior and Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Farah J Aslanzadeh
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Amber M Fox
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Sarah Ellen Braun
- Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Ashlee R Loughan
- Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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Austin PD, Siddall PJ, Lovell MR. Posttraumatic growth in palliative care settings: A scoping review of prevalence, characteristics and interventions. Palliat Med 2024; 38:200-212. [PMID: 38229018 DOI: 10.1177/02692163231222773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttraumatic growth refers to positive psychological change following trauma. However, there is a need to better understand the experience of posttraumatic growth in the palliative care setting as well as the availability and efficacy of interventions that target this phenomenon. AIMS To provide a review of the prevalence, characteristics and interventions involving posttraumatic growth in adults receiving palliative care and to collate recommendations for future development and utilisation of interventions promoting posttraumatic growth. DESIGN We performed a systematic scoping review of studies investigating posttraumatic growth in palliative care settings using the Arksey and O'Malley six-step scoping review criteria. We used the PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews. DATA SOURCES Articles in all languages available on Ovid Medline [1946-2022], Embase [1947-2022], APA PsycINFO [1947-2022] and CINAHL [1981-2022] in November 2022. RESULTS Of 2167 articles located, 17 were included for review. These reported that most people report low to moderate levels of posttraumatic growth with a decline towards end-of-life as distress and symptom burden increase. Associations include a relationship between posttraumatic growth, acceptance and greater quality-of-life. A limited number of interventions have been evaluated and found to foster posttraumatic growth and promote significant psychological growth. CONCLUSION Posttraumatic growth is an emerging concept in palliative care where although the number of studies is small, early indications suggest that interventions fostering posttraumatic growth may contribute to improvements in psychological wellbeing in people receiving palliative care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip D Austin
- Department of Palliative Care, HammondCare, Greenwich Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip J Siddall
- Department of Pain Management, HammondCare, Greenwich Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School-Northern, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Melanie R Lovell
- Department of Palliative Care, HammondCare, Greenwich Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School-Northern, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Harwood-Gross A, Bergman YS, Pat-Horenczyk R, Schiff M, Benbenishty R. Parenthood during the COVID-19 pandemic: Post-traumatic growth amongst university students. FAMILY PROCESS 2023; 62:1608-1623. [PMID: 36572646 PMCID: PMC9880650 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study sought to investigate a positive dimension of coping with the COVID-19 pandemic, that of post-traumatic growth (PTG). This study investigated coping difficulties and PTG amongst parent and nonparent students in Israeli Universities. A total of 4022 parents (3648 Jews and 374 Palestinian-Arab Citizens [PACs]) and 14,651 nonparents (12,010 Jews and 2641 PACs) completed measures of coping, social support and PTG. Parents demonstrated significantly higher levels of coping and PTG. Amongst parents, fathers coped slightly better than mothers; however, while Jewish mothers demonstrated greater PTG than Jewish fathers, PAC fathers had significantly greater PTG than both PAC mothers and Jewish parents. These findings, while specific to COVID-19, indicate that PTG should be studied in greater depth in different ethnic and minority groups in order to develop enhanced understanding and facilitate promotion of post-traumatic growth, in addition to the prevention of COVID-19-related distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Harwood-Gross
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Metiv, Israel Psychotrauma Center, Herzog Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Rami Benbenishty
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Andres Bello National University, Santiago, Chile
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Zhao M, Jiang Y, Xu G, Lin X. The Mediating Effect of Hope Level Between Social Support and Benefit Finding in Patients With Advanced Lung Cancer. Cancer Nurs 2023:00002820-990000000-00183. [PMID: 37938218 DOI: 10.1097/ncc.0000000000001295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a protective factor, social support can influence benefit finding (BF) in patients with advanced lung cancer. However, the mechanism through which social support affects BF is controversial. OBJECTIVE To investigate the factors influencing BF in patients with advanced lung cancer and the role of hope level in mediating the relationship between social support and BF. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study. From September 2022 to March 2023, 286 participants completed the Social Support Rating Scale, Herth Hope Index, and Benefit Finding Scale. Data analysis included correlation analyses and multiple stepwise regression analysis; the SPSS PROCESS program was used to determine the significance of mediating effects. RESULTS Social support and hope level were positively associated with BF. Monthly per-capita household income, social support and hope level entered the final regression model and explained 50.7% of BF variance. Social support's direct and indirect effects on BF were significant (P < .05), suggesting that hope level partially mediated the relationship between social support and BF. CONCLUSION Our findings validate a positive association between social support and BF in patients with advanced lung cancer. The hope level as a mediating variable provided the impetus for their BF. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Nurses should implement necessary interventions to help patients with advanced lung cancer carry out protective resources and coping strategies to facilitate their BF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Zhao
- Authors' Affiliation: School of Nursing, Qingdao University, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
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Fontesse S, Fournier V, Gérain P, Dassonneville C, Lelorain S, Duprez C, Christophe V, Piessen G, Grynberg D. Happy thus survivor? A systematic review and meta-analysis on the association between cancer survival and positive states, emotions, and traits. Psychooncology 2023; 32:1631-1643. [PMID: 37798951 DOI: 10.1002/pon.6224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Traditionally, the literature investigating patient-reported outcomes in relation to cancer survival focused on negative factors such as distress. Meta-analyses in this field have provided a clear identification of negative affect that reduce cancer survival (e.g., depression). Nevertheless, positive psychological factors and especially positive affect might be equally crucial for cancer survival but have been neglected so far. While studies in this domain have been conducted, they remain less numerous and have produced mixed results. METHODS A pre-registered systematic review and meta-analysis (https://osf.io/jtw7x) aimed at identifying the positive affect linked to mortality in cancers were conducted. Four databases (Pubmed, PsycINFO, Embase, and Cochrane Library) were searched to find longitudinal studies linking positive affect to survival in cancers. Two reviewers completed each stage of the study selection process, the data extraction, and the Quality in Prognosis Studies risk of bias assessments. RESULTS Twenty-four studies involving 822,789 patients were included based on the 2462 references identified. The meta-analysis reveals that positive affect is associated with longer survival (Hazard Ratio [HR] = 0.91; 95% CI [0.86, 0.96], z = -3.58, p < 0.001) and lower mortality (Odd Ratio [OR] = 0.59; 95% CI [0.45, 0.78], z = -3.70, p < 0.001). Sub-group analyses indicated that the main predictors of survival are emotional and physical well-being, optimism, and vitality. CONCLUSION This work emphasizes the need to consider the role of affective mechanisms in patients with cancer, including their levels of well-being or optimism to provide the most favorable conditions for survival. Therefore, stronger and continuous effort to improve patients' positive affect could be particularly beneficial for their life expectancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sullivan Fontesse
- CNRS, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Valentyn Fournier
- CNRS, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Pierre Gérain
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Faculty of Psychology, Educational Sciences, and Speech and Language Therapy, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Dassonneville
- CNRS, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | | | - Christelle Duprez
- CNRS, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Véronique Christophe
- Human and Social Sciences Department, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon - UCBL, CRCL UMR Inserm 1052 - CNRS 5286, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Guillaume Piessen
- University Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277 - CANTHER - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
- Department of Digestive and Oncological Surgery, Claude Huriez University Hospital, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Delphine Grynberg
- CNRS, UMR 9193 - SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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Lo YH, Kuo CH, Tsai CC, Chen SC. Factors Influencing Posttraumatic Growth Among Primary Caregivers of Patients with Oncologic Emergencies in Taiwan Intensive Care Units: A Cross-Sectional Study of Patient-Caregiver Dyads. Semin Oncol Nurs 2023; 39:151497. [PMID: 37598022 DOI: 10.1016/j.soncn.2023.151497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE (1) To assess the levels of fear of cancer recurrence (FCR), social support, coping styles, and posttraumatic growth; (2) to identify factors associated with posttraumatic growth; and (3) to compare patient and primary caregiver characteristics by level of posttraumatic growth (no-to-little posttraumatic growth vs. moderate-to-high posttraumatic growth) in the primary caregivers of patients with an oncologic emergency. DATA SOURCES A cross-sectional study design was adopted. Data were collected by convenience sampling of cancer patient-caregiver dyads who experienced an oncologic emergency within the last 6 months at a medical center in northern Taiwan. The patients, who had completed cancer treatment, were in an intensive care unit. They were assessed for disease severity, physical performance, and demographic and clinical characteristics. Primary caregivers were assessed for FCR, social support, coping styles, and posttraumatic growth using a set of questionnaires. We found that 80.8% of primary caregivers reported moderate-to-high posttraumatic growth and 19.2% reported no-to-little posttraumatic growth. CONCLUSION Greater posttraumatic growth in primary caregivers was associated with experiencing more patient oncologic emergencies, younger caregiver age, a higher caregiver FCR score, and caregivers' use of active coping behaviors. Caregivers were less likely to report posttraumatic growth if they experienced fewer patient oncologic emergencies, were older, reported lower FCR, and used active coping strategies less frequently. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE Developing scenario-based simulations to facilitate caregiving for an oncologic emergency and providing psychological counseling to encourage active coping can help primary caregivers recover emotionally from an oncologic emergency and facilitate growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hsin Lo
- Head Nurse, Department of Nursing, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsi Kuo
- Attending Physician, Division of Thoracic Oncology, Department of Thoracic Medicine, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Professor, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ching Tsai
- Associate Professor, Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Associate Research Fellow, Department of Cardiology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ching Chen
- Professor, School of Nursing and Long-Term Care Research Center, College of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Professor, School of Nursing, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Research Fellow, Department of Radiation Oncology and Proton and Radiation Therapy Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Liu Z, Thong MSY, Doege D, Koch-Gallenkamp L, Weisser L, Bertram H, Eberle A, Holleczek B, Nennecke A, Waldmann A, Zeissig SR, Pritzkuleit R, Brenner H, Arndt V. Benefit finding, posttraumatic growth and health-related quality of life in long-term cancer survivors: a prospective population-based study. Acta Oncol 2023; 62:1124-1131. [PMID: 37594165 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2023.2245560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We explored the relationship between benefit finding (BF)/posttraumatic growth (PTG) at baseline and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) at baseline and follow-up in long-term cancer survivors (LTCS; ≥5-year post-diagnosis). MATERIALS AND METHODS HRQOL was assessed in LTCS in 2009-2011 (5- to 16-year post-diagnosis, baseline) and re-assessed in 2018/2019 (14- to 24-year post-diagnosis, follow-up). BF and PTG were measured at baseline; mean scores were dichotomized into 'none-to-low' (<3) and 'moderate-to-high' (> =3). Linear regression models and linear mixed regression models were employed to assess the association of BF/PTG with HRQOL. RESULTS Of the 6057 baseline participants, 4373 were alive in 2019, of whom 2704 completed the follow-up questionnaire. Cross-sectionally, LTCS with none-to-low BF reported better HRQOL at baseline and at follow-up than LTCS with higher BF. Longitudinally, no difference was found between none-to-low and moderate-to-high BF on the HRQOL change from baseline to follow-up. HRQOL differences between the PTG groups were not statistically significant cross-sectionally and longitudinally, except those participants with moderate-to-high PTG reported higher role functioning and global health status/QOL. CONCLUSIONS Cross-sectionally, BF was significantly negatively related to subscales of HRQOL, while PTG was positively correlated to role functioning and global health status/QOL. The results add further evidence that BF and PTG are two different positive psychological concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhunzhun Liu
- Unit of Cancer Survivorship, Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Faculty of Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melissa S Y Thong
- Unit of Cancer Survivorship, Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Doege
- Unit of Cancer Survivorship, Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Linda Weisser
- Medical Faculty of Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heike Bertram
- Cancer Registry of North Rhine-Westphalia, Bochum, Germany
| | - Andrea Eberle
- Bremen Cancer Registry, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | | | | | - Annika Waldmann
- Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sylke Ruth Zeissig
- Cancer Registry Rhineland-Palatinate, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry (ICE-B), Julius Maximilian University of Wuerzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, DKFZ and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Arndt
- Unit of Cancer Survivorship, Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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13
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Wang Z, Chen X, Zhou J, Loke AY, Li Q. Posttraumatic growth in colorectal cancer survivors: A systematic review. Clin Psychol Psychother 2023; 30:740-753. [PMID: 36734107 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The diagnosis of cancer is an adverse event; nevertheless, it can also exert positive changes on survivors, such as posttraumatic growth (PTG). This review aims to integrate researches on PTG in colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors, including manifestations and prevalence of PTG, factors associated with PTG and interventions on PTG. METHODS A systematic search was implemented on six databases to identify studies on PTG in CRC survivors published in English or Chinese from October 1995 to May 2022. We also performed a manual search for additional studies from the article reference lists. RESULTS Thirty-one studies were included. The results were integrated based on the PTG theoretical framework and PTG affective-cognitive processing model. PTG manifests in CRC survivor-caregiver dyads in five domains, including personal growth, appreciation of life, relating to others, new possibilities and spiritual change. Factors correlated with PTG can be integrated into levels of personality, event cognitions, appraisal mechanisms, emotional states, coping and social environmental context. Elements of interventions can be integrated according to the affective-cognitive processing PTG model. Existing interventions are effective in promoting PTG in CRC survivors. CONCLUSION We provide a systematic perspective on studies targeting PTG in CRC survivors. PTG manifested in survivor-caregiver dyads. Factors associated with PTG in CRC survivors are significant, and the interventions are effective. An intervention programme based on the affective-cognitive processing model and focused on CRC survivor-caregiver dyads would be significant for the dyads facing cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Wang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junrui Zhou
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Alice Yuen Loke
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qiuping Li
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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14
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Jahnen M, Bayer P, Meissner VH, Schiele S, Schulwitz H, Gschwend JE, Herkommer K, Dinkel A. Benefit finding in men affected by prostate cancer prior to and following radical prostatectomy - a cross-sectional study with a stratified sample. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:508. [PMID: 37277755 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11018-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benefit finding (BF) - the occurrence of positive life-changes in the aftermath of traumatic live events - has been repeatedly reported in prostate cancer (PCa) survivors, but it remains unclear in which way BF might vary over time. The current study aimed to investigate the extent of BF and associated factors in different phases of the survivorship continuum. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, men affected by PCa who were either already treated with radical prostatectomy or going to be treated with radical prostatectomy at a large German PCa center were included. These men were stratified into four groups (prior to surgery, up to 12 months after surgery, 2-5 years and ≥ 6-10 years after surgery). BF was assessed using the German version of the 17-item Benefit Finding Scale (BFS). The items are rated on a five-point Likert scale ranging from 1 to 5. A total mean score ≥ 3 was considered as moderate-to-high BF. Associations with clinical and psychological factors were assessed in men presenting before and in those who participated after surgery. Multiple linear regression was applied to identify intendent determinants of BF. RESULTS 2,298 men affected by PCa (mean age at survey: 69.5,SD = 8.2; median follow-up: 3 years (25th -75th percentile 0.5-7)) were included. 49.6% of men reported moderate-to-high BF. The mean BF score was 2.91 (SD = 0.92). BF reported by men before surgery did not differ significantly from BF reported by men in the years after surgery (p = 0.56). Higher BF prior to and following radical prostatectomy was associated with higher perceived severity of the disease (pre-surgery: ß = 0.188, p = 0.008; post-surgery: ß = 0.161, p = < 0.0001) and higher cancer-related distress (pre-surgery: ß ? 0.155, p = 0.03; post-surgery: ß = 0.089, p < 0.0001). Post radical prostatectomy BF was also associated with biochemical recurrence during follow-up (ß = 0.089, p = 0.001), and higher quality of life (ß = 0.124, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Many men affected by PCa perceive BF already soon after diagnosis. The subjective perception of threat or severity associated with the diagnosis of PCa is an essential factor for higher levels of BF, probably more important than objective indicators of the severity of the disease. The early onset of BF and the high degree of similarity of BF reported across the different phases of survivorship suggests that BF is, to a large extent, a dispositional personal characteristic and a cognitive strategy of positively coping with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Jahnen
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
| | - Patrick Bayer
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Valentin H Meissner
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Schiele
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Helga Schulwitz
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen E Gschwend
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathleen Herkommer
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Dinkel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Langerstr.3, 81675, Munich, Germany
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15
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Newman R, Amanat Y, Morikawa S. Interventions for Posttraumatic Growth and Spiritual Well-being for Adults Living With and Beyond Cancer (2018-2022). Am J Occup Ther 2023; 77:7710393290. [PMID: 37793142 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2023.77s10029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Systematic review briefs provide a summary of the findings from systematic reviews evaluated in conjunction with the American Occupational Therapy Association's Evidence-Based Practice Program. Each systematic review brief summarizes the evidence on a theme related to a systematic review topic. This systematic review brief presents findings related to posttraumatic growth and spiritual well-being for adults living with and beyond cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Newman
- Robin Newman, OTD, MA, OTR/L, CLT, FAOTA, is Clinical Associate Professor of Occupational Therapy, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences: Sargent College, Boston University
| | - Yasaman Amanat
- Yasaman Amanat, OTD, OTR/L, CLT, is Occupational Therapist, Keck Medical Center of USC; Associate Professor of Clinical Occupational Therapy, USC Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy
| | - Stacey Morikawa
- Stacey Morikawa, OTD, OTR/L, CLT, is Occupational Therapist, Keck Medical Center of USC; Associate Professor of Clinical Occupational Therapy, USC Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy
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16
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Ofei SD, Teye-Kwadjo E, Amankwah-Poku M, Gyasi-Gyamerah AA, Akotia CS, Osafo J, Roomaney R, Kagee A. Determinants of Post-Traumatic Growth and Quality of Life in Ghanaian Breast Cancer Survivors. Cancer Invest 2023; 41:379-393. [PMID: 36794324 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2023.2181636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the psychosocial factors associated with post-traumatic growth (PTG) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in women breast cancer survivors. Women (N = 128) completed questionnaires on social support, religiosity, hope, optimism, benefit-finding, PTG and HRQoL. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. Results showed that perceived social support, religiosity, hope, optimism, and benefit finding were positively associated with PTG. Religiosity and PTG were positively associated with HRQoL. The results suggest that interventions aimed at increasing religiosity, hope, optimism, and perceived support can help survivors cope better with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Joseph Osafo
- Department of Psychology, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Rizwana Roomaney
- Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Ashraf Kagee
- Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
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17
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Barnicot K, McCabe R, Bogosian A, Papadopoulos R, Crawford M, Aitken P, Christensen T, Wilson J, Teague B, Rana R, Willis D, Barclay R, Chung A, Rohricht F. Predictors of Post-Traumatic Growth in a Sample of United Kingdom Mental and Community Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3539. [PMID: 36834236 PMCID: PMC9965513 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Experiences of adversity can generate positive psychological effects alongside negative impacts. Little research to date has evaluated predictors of post-traumatic growth in mental or community healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Following a survey of 854 community and mental healthcare staff in the United Kingdom in July to September 2020, multiple linear regression was used to determine the association between hypothesised risk and protective factors (personal, organisational and environmental variables) and total scores on the Post-traumatic Growth Inventory-Short Version. Positive self-reflection activities, black and minority ethnic status, developing new healthcare knowledge and skills, connecting with friends and family, feeling supported by senior management, feeling supported by the UK people, and anxiety about the personal and work-related consequences of COVID-19 each significantly independently predicted greater post-traumatic growth. Working in a clinical role and in mental healthcare or community physical healthcare predicted lower post-traumatic growth. Our research supports the value of taking an organisational growth-focused approach to occupational health during times of adversity, by supporting staff to embrace opportunities for personal growth. Valuing staff's cultural and religious identity and encouraging self-reflective activities, such as mindfulness and meditation, may help to promote post-traumatic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Barnicot
- Department of Health Services Research and Management, University of London, London WC1E 7HU, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Rose McCabe
- Department of Health Services Research and Management, University of London, London WC1E 7HU, UK
| | - Angeliki Bogosian
- Department of Health Services Research and Management, University of London, London WC1E 7HU, UK
| | - Renos Papadopoulos
- Department of Psychosocial and Psychoanalytic Studies, University of Essex, Essex CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Mike Crawford
- Department of Psychiatry, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | | | | | - Jonathan Wilson
- Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich NR6 5BE, UK
| | - Bonnie Teague
- Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich NR6 5BE, UK
| | - Ravi Rana
- East London NHS Foundation Trust, London E1 8DE, UK
| | - Donna Willis
- East London NHS Foundation Trust, London E1 8DE, UK
| | - Ryan Barclay
- East London NHS Foundation Trust, London E1 8DE, UK
| | - Amy Chung
- East London NHS Foundation Trust, London E1 8DE, UK
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18
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Gong J, Chen M, Cao Q, Lin Y, Loke AY, Li Q. A qualitative study about colorectal cancer patients and spousal caregivers' experience and needs during COVID-19: implications for self-efficacy intervention. Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs 2023; 10:100179. [PMID: 36530418 PMCID: PMC9749380 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjon.2022.100179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to understand the experiences of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and their spousal caregivers during the COVID-19 pandemic and to refine a self-efficacy (SE) intervention for these couples. Methods A descriptive phenomenological approach was used in this study. Data were collected from 11 CRC couples. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using the Colaizzi strategy. Results Three themes and eight subthemes emerged: (1) Get and contribute support, (2) Life's challenges, and (3) Journey of reconstruction. The CRC couples encountered escalating challenges in coping with cancer during COVID-19. At the same time, they have received considerable support and developed confidence in rebuilding themselves in the process. Healthcare providers are advised to focus on giving appropriate support to CRC couples, so they can go further. Conclusions This study gave insights into healthcare providers on the experiences of CRC couples and the development of SE intervention program to support these couples: (1) initially providing caregiving training for spousal caregivers and psychological support for patients, (2) encouraging self-care for CRC couples in the middle stage, (3) guiding them to view life positively in the later stage, and (4) assessing their situation in time to identify their needs and to provide support. Healthcare providers are recommended to increase flexibility in the SE intervention program delivery format to reduce the impact of COVID-19 on CRC couples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Gong
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Meizhen Chen
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qian Cao
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yi Lin
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Alice Yuen Loke
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qiuping Li
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Affiliated Hospital, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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19
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Snaman JM, Mazzola E, Helton G, Feifer D, Morris SE, Clark L, Baker JN, Wolfe J. Early Bereavement Psychosocial Outcomes in Parents of Children Who Died of Cancer With a Focus on Social Functioning. JCO Oncol Pract 2023; 19:e527-e541. [PMID: 36724414 DOI: 10.1200/op.22.00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The early grief experience of parents of children who died of cancer remains understudied. Understanding psychosocial symptomology and functioning of parents early in their bereavement is essential to developing supportive interventions aimed at offsetting poor mental and physical outcomes. METHODS Parents of children from two centers who died of cancer 6 to 24 months before were mailed a survey that included validated tools and additional Likert scale-based questions. We used correlation and univariate and multiple regression analyses to assess the associations between psychosocial and grief outcomes and parental social functioning. RESULTS One hundred twenty-five parents representing 88 children completed the survey. Most respondents identified as female (63%), White (84%), and non-Hispanic (91%). The mean time since child's death was 14.7 (range, 8-26) months. Bereaved parents' mean score for social functioning was only slightly below normative values, and most parents indicated post-traumatic growth and adaptive coping. Parents had high symptom levels for depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress, and prolonged grief, with those identifying as female having significantly higher symptom scores. Using multivariate analysis, parental scores for resilience and continuing bonds were associated with higher social functioning scores and parental scores for depressive symptoms and prolonged grief were associated with lower social functioning scores. CONCLUSION Although bereaved parents exhibit resilience and positive coping, they also show high levels of psychosocial distress in the first 2 years after their child's death, which may reflect the typical parental bereavement experience. Screening for low parental social functioning may identify parents who would benefit from additional support early in bereavement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Snaman
- Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA.,Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Emanuele Mazzola
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Gabrielle Helton
- Doctor of Medicine Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Deborah Feifer
- Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Sue E Morris
- Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA.,Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lisa Clark
- Division of Quality of Life and Palliative Care, Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Justin N Baker
- Division of Quality of Life and Palliative Care, Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Joanne Wolfe
- Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA.,Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
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20
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Sheikh-Wu SF, Anglade D, Gattamorta K, Downs CA. Relationships Between Colorectal Cancer Survivors' Positive Psychology, Symptoms, and Quality of Life. Clin Nurs Res 2023; 32:171-184. [PMID: 35996878 DOI: 10.1177/10547738221113385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study examined colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors' symptom and symptom cluster characteristics (occurrence, frequency, and severity), positive psychology (benefit-finding and post-traumatic growth), and quality of life (QoL), and determined whether positive psychology moderates symptoms and QoL relationship during acute cancer survivorship, time from diagnosis to treatment completion. A total of 117 CRC survivors completed demographics, symptoms, QoL, and positive psychology questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, multiple linear regression, and moderation analyses were performed. Participants reported high QoL (94%, M = 5.15) and moderate-high positive psychology (75%, M = 3.21). Nineteen symptoms and five symptom clusters were inversely related to QoL (p < .05). Positive psychology (M = ~≥3.24) moderated the relationship of QoL (p < .05) with symptoms occurrence (n = 10), symptom severity (n = 1), and with the generalized symptom cluster (weakness, fatigue, dizziness, drowsy, sleep disturbances, and pain). Positive psychology aids in symptom management and improves QoL. Nurses are poised to identify, prevent, promote, and advocate self-management skills to improve health-related outcomes.
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21
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Knauer K, Bach A, Schäffeler N, Stengel A, Graf J. Personality Traits and Coping Strategies Relevant to Posttraumatic Growth in Patients with Cancer and Survivors: A Systematic Literature Review. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:9593-9612. [PMID: 36547168 PMCID: PMC9776882 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29120754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The possibility of positive psychological changes after cancer, namely, posttraumatic growth, is a growing field of research. Identifying personality traits and coping strategies related to posttraumatic growth may help find vulnerable individuals as well as promote helpful coping strategies to help more patients make positive changes at an early stage. The aim of this systematic literature review is to provide an overview of the quantitative data on coping strategies and personality traits associated with posttraumatic growth in patients with cancer and cancer survivors as well as the methods used in included studies. A systematic literature search was conducted using five databases (PubMed, PubPsych, PsycInfo, Web of Science, and PSYNDEXplus). The 70 reports of included studies assessed posttraumatic growth using questionnaires in a sample of patients with cancer or survivors. In addition, associations with a personality trait or coping strategy had to be examined cross-sectionally or longitudinally. All 1698 articles were screened for titles and abstracts by two authors, after which disputed articles were reviewed by a third author. Afterwards, articles were screened for full texts. Most studies had a cross-sectional design and used a sample of patients with breast cancer. Coping strategies have been researched more than personality factors. The personality traits of resilience, hardiness, dispositional positive affectivity, and dispositional gratitude seem to be related to posttraumatic growth, while the Big Five personality traits (openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism) have been less researched and/or seem to be unrelated. The use of social support, religious coping, positive reframing, and reflection during illness as coping strategies seems to be related to posttraumatic growth. The findings can be used for the development of interventions. Future studies should investigate associations longitudinally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Knauer
- Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen-Stuttgart, Section Psychooncology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Anne Bach
- Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen-Stuttgart, Section Psychooncology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Norbert Schäffeler
- Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen-Stuttgart, Section Psychooncology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Stengel
- Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen-Stuttgart, Section Psychooncology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
- Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Johanna Graf
- Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen-Stuttgart, Section Psychooncology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72070 Tübingen, Germany
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22
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Boyacıoğlu NE, Temel M, Çaynak S. Post-traumatic Growth in Cancer Patients: A Correlational Study in Turkey. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2022; 61:4366-4381. [PMID: 35567645 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-022-01574-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the factors that influence post-traumatic growth (PTG), including religious coping and resilience. This descriptive and correlational study involved 111 cancer patients, followed up at a hematology inpatient clinic of a university hospital in Turkey. Religious coping scale, resilience scale, and PTG inventory were used for data collection. PTG was positively associated with negative religious coping and was negatively associated with age. PTG scores were higher for patients without children, who were recently diagnosed, had higher knowledge about the disease, and used negative religious coping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Elçin Boyacıoğlu
- Department of Gerontology, Faculty of Health Sciences, İstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa Büyükçekmece Yerleşkesi, Alkent 2000 Mah. Yiğittürk Cad. No: 5/9/1, 34500, Büyükçekmece/Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Münire Temel
- School of Health, Nursing Department, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Sibel Çaynak
- Vocational School of Health Services, Antalya Bilim University, Antalya, Turkey
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23
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Bernard M, Poncin E, Althaus B, Borasio GD. Posttraumatic growth in palliative care patients and its associations with psychological distress and quality of life. Palliat Support Care 2022; 20:846-853. [PMID: 35156606 DOI: 10.1017/s1478951521002066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Posttraumatic growth (PTG) refers to positive psychological changes resulting from individuals' inner struggles with traumatic events such as life-threatening illness. Although palliative care patients are confronted with their own mortality, little is known about their PTG experience. This study investigates whether PTG is an empirically relevant concept for palliative patients by assessing the prevalence and areas of growth, and examining associations with psychological distress and quality of life. METHODS Participants were recruited in Switzerland. Using validated questionnaires, we assessed PTG (Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, PTGI), psychological distress (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), and quality of life (McGill-Quality of Life Questionnaire - Revised). We performed descriptive analyses, Spearman correlations, and linear regressions. RESULTS Fifty-five patients completed the PTGI, 44% of whom experienced no/low growth, 47% moderate growth, and 9% high/very high growth. Participants experienced the greatest positive changes in terms of appreciating life and relating to others. We found significant negative bivariate correlations between PTG and psychological distress (r = -0.33) and between PTG and depression (r = -0.47). Linear regressions showed that PTG is associated with depression (β = -0.468; p = 0.000), but not with anxiety or quality of life (adjusted R2 = 0.219). SIGNIFICANCE OF RESULTS Over half of our patients experienced moderate to very high growth, indicating that PTG is an empirically relevant psychological process in palliative care. PTG is associated with lower levels of depression, possibly as those experiencing growth are more able to process past traumas and build a more positive outlook on one's life and self. By contrast, the relative independence of anxiety and PTG points to the likely coexistence of positive and negative psychological responses to trauma. The lack of association between PTG and quality of life points to the uniqueness of the PTG concept in capturing how people access deeper meaning and greater appreciation of life along the path toward posttraumatic self-reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Bernard
- Palliative and Supportive Care Service, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuelle Poncin
- Palliative and Supportive Care Service, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Betty Althaus
- Palliative and Supportive Care Service, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gian Domenico Borasio
- Palliative and Supportive Care Service, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Li M. Associations of body image with depressive symptoms and PTG among breast cancer patients: The mediating role of social support. Front Psychol 2022; 13:953306. [PMID: 36312105 PMCID: PMC9614141 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.953306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer diagnosis and treatment usually trigger positive and negative psychological health outcomes. Social support is a coping resource for psychological health outcomes. However, little research is available on the relationships between social support, body image, and overall psychological health outcomes in breast cancer (BC) patients. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of depressive symptoms and post-traumatic growth (PTG) and examine the mediating roles of social support between body image and depressive symptoms and PTG among BC patients, respectively. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Northeast China from December 2015 to August 2017. All the participants were diagnosed with BC and underwent surgery. This study was conducted with 405 BC patients from the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University. Participants completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale, Post Traumatic Growth Inventory, Body Image Scale, and Perceived Social Support Scale. The associations of social support, body image with depressive symptoms, and PTG were examined by hierarchical linear regression analysis. Asymptotic and resampling strategies were used to explore the mediating role of social support. Results The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 88.1%, and 67.2% of the patients had moderate-high PTG, 52.84% of the patients had body concerns, and 264 (65.19%) patients had high-level social support. Body image was positively associated with depressive symptoms (β = 0.445, P < 0.001) and social support was negatively associated with depressive symptoms (β = −0.219, P < 0.001). Body image was negatively associated with PTG (β = −0.095, P = 0.023), whereas social support was positively associated with PTG (β = 0.533, P < 0.001). Social support significantly mediated the associations among body image, depressive symptoms (effect size = 0.057), and PTG (effect size = −0.304), respectively. Conclusions Social support played mediating role in the relationships between body image and depressive symptoms and PTG. The interventions based on social support and body image should be included in psychological health prevention.
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Landi G, Pakenham KI, Mattioli E, Crocetti E, Agostini A, Grandi S, Tossani E. Post-traumatic growth in people experiencing high post-traumatic stress during the COVID-19 pandemic: The protective role of psychological flexibility. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2022; 26:44-55. [PMID: 36060527 PMCID: PMC9420208 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic evokes high levels of post-traumatic stress (PTS) in some people as well as positive personal changes, a phenomenon known as post-traumatic growth (PTG). Experiencing an adverse event as traumatic is crucial for triggering PTG, therefore higher PTS is often associated with higher PTG. This longitudinal study examined the protective role of psychological flexibility in fostering PTG in a group of people reporting high PTS related to COVID-19 as compared to those with low PTS. We hypothesized that higher psychological flexibility will be associated with higher PTG in those with high PTS and that psychological flexibility would be unrelated to PTG in those with low PTS. Secondary data analysis was conducted on data from a larger project investigating the psychological impacts of COVID-19. Adult Italians (N = 382) completed online surveys at Time 1 (three months after the first national lockdown, July 2020) and Time 2 (three months later when the number of COVID-19 cases increased, October 2020). Based on the Impact of Event Scale-Revised cut-off score, two PTS groups were identified at Time 2: low PTS (below cut-off) and high PTS (above cut-off). As predicted, moderation analyses showed that after controlling for Time 1 PTS and PTG and confounding variables, Time 1 psychological flexibility was associated with higher Time 2 PTG in the high PTS group, whereas psychological flexibility was unrelated to PTG in the low PTS group. Four psychological flexibility sub-processes (present moment awareness, defusion, values, committed action) at Time 1 were related to higher Time 2 PTG in only the high PTS group. Findings advance understanding of the role of psychological flexibility in trauma reactions and pandemic mental health adjustment. Evidence-based approaches that target psychological flexibility, like Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, are likely to foster PTG and ultimately adjustment in people with high PTS during and after the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Landi
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Laboratory of Psychosomatics and Clinimetrics, Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Kenneth I Pakenham
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD, Australia
| | - Elisa Mattioli
- Laboratory of Psychosomatics and Clinimetrics, Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Agostini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine DIMES St.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvana Grandi
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Laboratory of Psychosomatics and Clinimetrics, Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Eliana Tossani
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Laboratory of Psychosomatics and Clinimetrics, Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
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Kheirallah KA, Al-Zureikat SH, Al-Mistarehi AH, Alsulaiman JW, AlQudah M, Khassawneh AH, Lorettu L, Bellizzi S, Mzayek F, Elbarazi I, Serlin IA. The Association of Conflict-Related Trauma with Markers of Mental Health Among Syrian Refugee Women: The Role of Social Support and Post-Traumatic Growth. Int J Womens Health 2022; 14:1251-1266. [PMID: 36092127 PMCID: PMC9462433 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s360465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Syrian refugee women not only suffered the refuging journey but also faced the burden of being the heads of their households in a new community. We aimed to investigate the mental health status, traumatic history, social support, and post-traumatic growth (PTG) of Syrian refugee women. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using a structured interviewer-administered survey between August and November 2019. Syrian refugee women who head their households and live outside camps were eligible. The survey included items investigating socio-demographic characteristics and conflict-related physical trauma history. The Refugee Health Screener-15 (RHS-15) scale was used to screen for emotional distress symptoms of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), with a score range of 0-4 and higher scores indicating emotional distress. The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) was utilized to assess the perceived support from family, friends, and significant others (score range 1-7), with scores of 3-5 and 5.1-7.0 representing moderate and high support, respectively. The PTG Inventory (PTGI) scale investigated the positive transformation following trauma; the score range was 0-5, and the cutoff point of ≥3 defined moderate-to-high growth levels. Results Out of 140 invited refugee women, 95 were included, with a response rate of 67.9%. Their mean (SD) age was 41.30 (11.75) years, 50.5% were widowed, and 17.9% reported their husbands as missing persons. High levels of conflict-related traumatic exposure were found, including threats of personal death (94.7%), physical injury (92.6%), or both (92.6%); and a history of family member death (92.6%), missing (71.6%), or injury (53.7%). The mean (SD) RHS-15 score was above average (2.08 (0.46)), and most women (90.5%) were at high risk for depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms. The mean (SD) MSPSS score was 5.08 (0.71), representing moderate social support, with friends' support being the highest (5.23 (0.85)). The mean (SD) PTGI score was 2.44 (0.48), indicating low growth, with only 12.6% of women experiencing moderate-to-high growth levels. Spiritual change and personal strength had the highest sub-scores, with moderate-to-high growth levels experienced by 97.9% and 84.2%, respectively. Most women were more optimistic and religious, had feelings of self-reliance and better difficulties adapting, and were stronger than they thought. Statistically significant correlations of MSPSS and its subscales with RHS-15 and PTGI were detected. Conclusion Significant but unspoken mental health problems were highly prevalent among Syrian refugee women and an imminent need for psychological support to overcome traumatic exposure. The role of social support seems to be prominent and needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid A Kheirallah
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Sarah H Al-Zureikat
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | | | | | - Mohammad AlQudah
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Adi H Khassawneh
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | | | - Saverio Bellizzi
- World Health Organization (WHO), Jordan Country Office, Amman, Jordan
| | - Fawaz Mzayek
- School of Public Health, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Iffat Elbarazi
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ilene A Serlin
- International Institute for Advanced Training in Dance Movement Therapy, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Dew MA, DiMartini AF, Posluszny DM, Myaskovsky L, Switzer GE, Puttarajappa C, Hickey GW, Sanchez PG, DeVito Dabbs AJ. Health-related quality of life and psychological indicators of thriving 15-19 years after heart or lung transplantation. Clin Transplant 2022; 36:e14768. [PMID: 35801650 PMCID: PMC9756395 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.14768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survival into the second decade after cardiothoracic transplantation (CTX) is no longer uncommon. Few data exist on any health-related quality of life (HRQOL) impairments survivors face, or whether they may even experience positive psychological outcomes indicative of "thriving" (e.g., personal growth). We provide such data in a long-term survivor cohort. METHODS Among 304 patients prospectively studied across the first 2 years post-CTX, we re-interviewed patients ≥15 years post-CTX. We (a) examined levels of HRQOL and positive psychological outcomes (posttraumatic growth related to CTX, purpose in life, life satisfaction) at follow-up, (b) evaluated change since transplant with mixed-effects models, and (c) identified psychosocial and clinical correlates of study outcomes with multivariable regression. RESULTS Of 77 survivors, 64 (83%) were assessed (35 heart, 29 lung recipients; 15-19 years post-CTX). Physical HRQOL was poorer than the general population norm and earlier post-transplant levels (P's < .001). Mental HRQOL exceeded the norm (P < .001), with little temporal change (P = .070). Mean positive psychological outcome scores exceeded scales' midpoints at follow-up. Life satisfaction, assessed longitudinally, declined over time (P < .001) but remained similar to the norm at follow-up. Recent hospitalization and dyspnea increased patients' likelihood of poor physical HRQOL at follow-up (P's ≤ .022). Lower sense of mastery and poorer caregiver support lessened patients' likelihood of positive psychological outcomes (P's ≤ .049). Medical comorbidities and type of CTX were not associated with study outcomes at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Despite physical HRQOL impairment, long-term CTX survivors otherwise showed favorable outcomes. Clinical attention to correlates of HRQOL and positive psychological outcomes may help maximize survivors' well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Amanda Dew
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Departments of Psychology, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Acute and Tertiary Care, University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrea F. DiMartini
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Donna M. Posluszny
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Larissa Myaskovsky
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine and Center for Healthcare Equity in Kidney Disease, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Galen E. Switzer
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chethan Puttarajappa
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gavin W. Hickey
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Pablo G. Sanchez
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Annette J. DeVito Dabbs
- Department of Acute and Tertiary Care, University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Hall J, Werner K. Trauma and Trust: How War Exposure Shapes Social and Institutional Trust Among Refugees. Front Psychol 2022; 13:786838. [PMID: 36051202 PMCID: PMC9426640 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.786838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The brutal wars in Iraq, Syria and now Ukraine have caused a massive influx of refugees to Europe. Turkey alone has received more than 4.8 million refugees. An important precondition for their economic and social incorporation is trust: refugees need to trust the citizens as well as the state and the justice system to find their place in the host country. Yet refugees’ propensity to trust may be affected by cultural differences between their home and host countries, their personal conflict exposure and the experiences they had on the run. This study investigates how individual differences in exposure to armed conflict and institutional breakdown shape two types of trust among refugees: Generalized social trust and trust in the institutions of the settlement country. We survey a large and diverse sample of refugees from Syria and Iraq living in Turkish communities and deploy well-established measures of conflict exposure, posttraumatic stress, and posttraumatic growth. We find that higher degrees of conflict exposure are positively related to social trust, and to trust in courts and the police. These positive findings are largely driven by refugees who had very personal and emotionally powerful experiences. The psychological mechanism of posttraumatic growth cannot explain these findings, however, suggesting positive experiences of cooperation in the midst of war and displacement are potentially a better explanation for this finding than positive psychological changes resulting from trauma. At the same time, conflict exposure is negatively related to trust in political institutions. Posttraumatic stress may be the mechanism behind this result. We discuss the implications of these findings for the integration of war refugees—a topic that is tragically of great relevance today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Hall
- Department of Peace and Conflict Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Jonathan Hall,
| | - Katharina Werner
- School of Business, Economics and Information Systems, University of Passau, Passau, Germany
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29
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Alper HE, Feliciano L, Millien L, Pollari C, Locke S. Post-Traumatic Growth and Quality of Life among World Trade Center Health Registry Enrollees 16 Years after 9/11. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:9737. [PMID: 35955093 PMCID: PMC9368472 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A recent study of World Trade Center Health Registry enrollees found that about one-third experienced post-traumatic growth (PTG) in the wake of the 9/11 attacks and that PTG was associated with social support and social integration. However, the implications of PTG for the enrollees' overall quality of life are unknown. The present study investigated the prevalence of PTG and its association with the SF-12 physical and mental functioning quality of life scales in a sample of 4760 enrollees from the Registry's Health and Quality of Life Study (HQoL) who completed the first four surveys, were older than 18 on 9/11, reported English as their primary spoken language, and provided consistent self-report of 9/11 physical injury at the Registry's baseline and HQoL surveys. We employed multivariable linear regression to evaluate the association between PTG and the SF-12 physical and mental scales, controlling for sociodemographic and other variables. We found that 31% of the sample enrollees experienced PTG and that PTG exhibited a clinically and statistically significant association with the SF-12 mental scale but not the physical scale (physical: b = 0.15 (-0.45, 0.75), mental: b = 3.61 (2.85, 4.37)). Those who were physically injured during 9/11 showed larger improvements in mental functioning than those who were not. PTG has implications for the overall mental quality of life that should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard E. Alper
- World Trade Center Health Registry, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Division of Epidemiology, New York, NY 11101, USA
| | - Leen Feliciano
- Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, The City University of New York, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Lucie Millien
- World Trade Center Health Registry, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Division of Epidemiology, New York, NY 11101, USA
| | - Cristina Pollari
- World Trade Center Health Registry, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Division of Epidemiology, New York, NY 11101, USA
| | - Sean Locke
- World Trade Center Health Registry, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Division of Epidemiology, New York, NY 11101, USA
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O'Gara G, Wiseman T, Doyle AM, Pattison N. Chronic illness and critical care-A qualitative exploration of family experience and need. Nurs Crit Care 2022. [PMID: 35833675 DOI: 10.1111/nicc.12817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with chronic illnesses such as cancer and cardiovascular disease are living longer and often require the support of critical care services. Current health care provision means patients may be discharged home once clinically stable despite still having high care demands including social, emotional, or physical needs. Families are often required to assume caregiving roles. Research into family burden using quantitative methods has increased awareness, however, little qualitative work exists and the development of support interventions for families is required. AIMS To explore the experience and needs of family members of people with an existing chronic illness who are admitted to the Critical Care Unit (CCU), and to identify the desired components of a family support intervention in the form of a resource toolkit. STUDY DESIGN A qualitative exploration of family experience and need, and content development for a resource toolkit using focus group methodology. Two focus groups and one face-to-face interview were conducted involving nine adult (≥18 years) family members of adult patients with chronic illness admitted to critical care in the preceding 9 months across two specialist hospitals in the UK. These were digitally recorded, transcribed, and thematically analysed. FINDINGS Four themes were identified: importance of communication, need for support, trauma of chronic illness, and having to provide "Do-it-Yourself" care. The immense responsibility of families to provide care throughout the illness trajectory is highlighted. Understandable information is essential for a family support toolkit. CONCLUSION Family members often view a critical care episode broadly from diagnosis through to recovery/rehabilitation. Basic communication training skills within critical care should be ensured, alongside coordination of simple solutions. The potential traumatic impact on families should be highlighted early within the pathway, and positive aspects used to harness essential family support. A simple and coordinated approach to a toolkit is preferred. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE This study highlights that a critical care experience may impact broadly beyond CCU, and the importance of informing patients and families of this potential experience, prior to or on admission, to aid preparation. Further highlighted is the need for contemporaneous and accurate information from clinicians involved in care. Families report a better experience when there is good collaboration across critical care services and admitting clinical teams. Early involvement of families in overall discharge planning is essential to allow patients and families to adjust and plan for recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine O'Gara
- Applied Health Research, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Theresa Wiseman
- Applied Health Research, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Anne-Marie Doyle
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Natalie Pattison
- School of Health and Social Work, University of Hertfordshire/East and North Herts NHS Trust, Hertfordshire, UK
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Evans C, Saliba-Serre B, Préau M, Bendiane MK, Gonçalves A, Signoli M, Bouhnik AD. Post-traumatic growth 5 years after cancer: identification of associated actionable factors. Support Care Cancer 2022; 30:8261-8270. [PMID: 35821449 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-022-07253-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of cancer survivors is growing increasingly worldwide. The long-term negative consequences of the disease are now better known. Cancer may also foster positive outcomes. Some survivors consider life after cancer as the start of a new life and experience positive changes called post-traumatic growth (PTG) measured by a scale developed by Tedeschi and Calhoun. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article was to explore actionable factors affecting PTG, particularly those in relation with health care management and those that reflected health behavior changes. METHODS This study included the 1,982 participants in the VICAN cohort who responded to the questionnaire on living conditions 2 and 5 years after diagnosis. Factors associated with a moderate or high PTG (score ≥ 63) were identified using logistic regressions. RESULTS Factors positively associated with moderate or high PTG were being satisfied with the time spent by health care team on information (OR:1.35 [1.08;1.70]), increased physical activity (OR:1.42 [1.04;1.95]) and healthier diet (OR:1.85 [1.44;2.36]) since diagnosis, and having benefited from psychological support at diagnosis (OR:1.53 [1.16;2.01]). CONCLUSION High PTG is positively associated with health behavior and time spent on information. Our findings suggest that appropriate clinical and educational interventions can help foster growth after the experience of cancer. Even if we do not know what causes what, it is admitted that the interventions leading to an increase of physical activity, for example, are good from all points of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Evans
- Institut Paoli Calmettes, 232 Bd Sainte Marguerite, 13 273, Cedex 9, Marseille, France.
- Faculté Des Sciences Médicales Et Paramédicales de Marseille, UMR 7268-ADÉS Aix-Marseille Université-EFS-CNRS, Marseille, France.
| | - Bérengère Saliba-Serre
- Faculté Des Sciences Médicales Et Paramédicales de Marseille, UMR 7268-ADÉS Aix-Marseille Université-EFS-CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Marie Préau
- Institut de Psychologie, Université Lumière Lyon 2, Bron, France
| | - Marc-Karim Bendiane
- Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de L'Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Anthony Gonçalves
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm U1068, CNRS U7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Marseille, France
| | - Michel Signoli
- UMR 6578, CNRS-service d'anthropologie biologique, 13385, Cedex 5, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Anne-Déborah Bouhnik
- Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de L'Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
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Zhu P, Chen C, Liu X, Gu W, Shang X. Factors associated with benefit finding and mental health of patients with cancer: a systematic review. Support Care Cancer 2022; 30:6483-6496. [PMID: 35391575 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-022-07032-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This systematic review was performed to identify the association between benefit finding (BF) and anxiety, depression, and distress, as well as to find factors related to BF in adult cancer patients. METHODS Five English databases and four Chinese databases were searched to identify eligible articles about BF in adult cancer patients from inception to 4 July 2021. Literature screening, data extraction, and quality assessment were carried out by two reviewers independently according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Qualitative synthesis was used to summarize the results. RESULTS Twenty-one studies involving 9601 cancer patients were included in this study. Qualitative analysis showed that BF was negatively related to anxiety, depression, and distress. Factors associated with BF included sociodemographic factors, disease-related factors, and psychological and environmental factors. CONCLUSIONS Healthcare providers should pay attention to the summarized factors of BF and construct intervention programs based on the controllable factors to improve BF in adult cancer patients, thus promoting the recovery of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingting Zhu
- School of Nursing, Yangzhou University, Hanjing County, 136 Jiangyang Middle Road, Yangzhou City, 225009, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Hanjing County, 136 Jiangyang Middle Road, Yangzhou City, 225009, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Nursing, Yangzhou University, Hanjing County, 136 Jiangyang Middle Road, Yangzhou City, 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xinyi Liu
- School of Nursing, Yangzhou University, Hanjing County, 136 Jiangyang Middle Road, Yangzhou City, 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weina Gu
- Department of Oncology, Guangling Country, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, 98 Nantong West Road, Yangzhou City, 225001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xingchen Shang
- School of Nursing, Yangzhou University, Hanjing County, 136 Jiangyang Middle Road, Yangzhou City, 225009, Jiangsu Province, China
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Latent Profiles of Posttraumatic Growth: 17 years After the Bam Earthquake in Iran. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2022; 17:e127. [PMID: 35331363 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2022.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Posttraumatic growth (PTG) is a positive psychological change after challenging life events. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of positive and long-term psychological changes in people who experienced the Bam earthquake. METHODS A total of 916 adolescents were surveyed 17 years after the earthquake. Self-report questionnaires were administered to participants. A latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted to extract the subgroups of adults. RESULTS The LPA identified 5 meaningfully profiles that were characterized based on the pattern of PTG dimensions. The common profile was profile, which perceived very low "relating to others" dimension and medium for other PTG dimensions. Also, the results showed significant differences among gender and age and nonsignificant differences in marital status and education level among the profiles of PTG. CONCLUSIONS For stressful situations, the different dimensions of PTG change indirectly in every person. In Bam, some patterns are seen according to PTG after 17 y. Among these dimensions, the part of "relating to others", has the greatest change. Another conclusion is that according to a relatively high profile for 5 clusters, it seems the impact of 17 y should be less on PTG as the number of extractive patterns is approximately high for the case.
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Thakur M, Sharma R, Mishra AK, Singh K. Posttraumatic Growth and Psychological Distress among Female Breast Cancer Survivors in India: A Cross-Sectional Study. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1742441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction Breast cancer survivors (BCS) may experience a cascade of negative reactions during the entire treatment process in the form of psychiatric morbidity. However, exposure to a traumatic event also has the fertile ground for the potential to catalyze a host of positive changes, including development in personal, interpersonal, and spiritual levels, commonly referred to as posttraumatic growth (PTG). PTG is defined as “positive psychological change experienced due to a struggle with highly challenging life circumstances.”
Objective This study aims to measure the prevalence and correlates of PTG among BCS.
Materials and Methods It was a cross-sectional study carried in a tertiary care center of North India from January 2021 to April 2021. Total 700 BCS were approached and screened using the purposive sampling technique. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 20.
Results The mean age (standard deviation [SD]) of the patients was 43.14 (8.53) years. The mean (SD) PTG score was 37 (13.66). Among the subdomain of PTG, most respondents showed growth in personal strength, relating to others, followed by an appreciation of life, spiritual change, and less growth in new possibilities. PTG was found to be significantly positively correlated with treatment completion time (r = 2.260, p = 0.02) and negatively correlated with depression, anxiety, and stress (r = –0.152, p = 0.04; r = –0.145, p = 0.05; r = –0.162, p = 0.02).
Conclusion Psychological morbidities must be addressed along with medical treatment of breast cancer so that growth post trauma can be further facilitated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Thakur
- Amity Institute of Psychology and Allied Sciences, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Roopali Sharma
- Amity Institute of Psychology and Allied Sciences, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anand Kumar Mishra
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kulranjan Singh
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Sheikh-Wu SF, Anglade D, Gattamorta K, Xiao C, Downs CA. Positive psychology mediates the relationship between symptom frequency and quality of life among colorectal cancer survivors during acute cancer survivorship. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2022; 58:102136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2022.102136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Wang S, Zhou Y, Li L, Kent S. Benefit finding: understanding the impact and public health factors among COVID-19 patients in China. BRITISH JOURNAL OF NURSING (MARK ALLEN PUBLISHING) 2022; 31:222-228. [PMID: 35220753 DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2022.31.4.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to determine the level of benefit finding among COVID-19 patients in a hospital in mainland China, and to identify its associated impact and public health factors. METHODS Using a cross-sectional design, a total of 288 COVID-19 patients were recruited in Huoshenshan Hospital in Wuhan, China to complete a survey on benefit finding. The level of benefit finding evaluated by the Benefit Finding Scale (BFS), mental resilience evaluated by the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), social support evaluated by the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), medical coping modes evaluated by the Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire (MCMQ), and general information was collected by self-designed questionnaires. T-test and chi-square test were used for single-factor analyses. For multiple factor analyses, multivariate regression analyses were performed. RESULT The mean BFS score of 288 participants was 61.26±10.25. Multivariate regression analysis showed that the factors associated with the level of benefit finding among COVID-19 patients in China included education level, having experienced major event, social support, optimism, confrontive coping and resigned coping mode. CONCLUSIONS In general, the patients with COVID-19 in this study had a middle level of benefit finding. Health professionals should take measures to identify the influencing factors on the quality of the life and take targeted intervention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitong Wang
- Nurse Researcher, Department of Nursing, Third Affiliated Hospital of the Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Zhou
- Nurse Researcher, Department of Nursing, Third Affiliated Hospital of the Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Li
- Director of Nursing, Department of Nursing, Third Affiliated Hospital of the Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Susan Kent
- Professor Associate, School of Nursing, Psychotherapy and Community Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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Factors impacting posttraumatic growth in head-and-neck cancer patients with oncologic emergencies. Support Care Cancer 2022; 30:4515-4525. [PMID: 35112211 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-021-06772-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify factors associated with posttraumatic growth (PTG) of head-and-neck cancer squamous cancer (HNC) patients with oncologic emergencies (OE) within the first six months post-treatment. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of HNC patients in Taiwan from May 2019 to April 2021 using patient-reported outcomes. Patients were assessed for symptom distress, anxiety, fear of recurrence (FCR), and PTG. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with PTG. The independent-samples t-test was used to compare PTG and its five specific domains in patients with low FCR, high FCR, low anxiety, and high anxiety. RESULTS Of the 114 patients surveyed, 46.5% reported little-to-no PTG, and 53.5% had moderate-to-high PTG. Greater PTG was associated with greater FCR, longer time since OE, less anxiety, having a cancer recurrence, and greater educational attainment. These factors explained 38.6% of the variance in PTG. CONCLUSION A notable proportion of HNC patients with OE-reported PTG but almost half-reported little-to-no PTG. PTG occurred most in the domain of appreciation of life. The study results also suggest that training patients in coping skills and inviting them to group growth experiences can help them increase PTG and cope with cancer-related psychological threats related to OE.
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Quality of life, distress, and posttraumatic growth 5 years after colorectal cancer diagnosis according to history of inpatient rehabilitation. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 148:3015-3028. [PMID: 34874489 PMCID: PMC9508041 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03865-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose In Germany, almost every other colorectal cancer (CRC) patient undergoes inpatient cancer rehabilitation (ICR), but research on long-term outcomes is sparse. We aimed to assess health-related quality of life (HRQOL), distress, and posttraumatic growth among former rehabilitants and non-rehabilitants as well as respective differences and to estimate disease-related quality of life deficits in both groups. Methods HRQOL (EORTC-QLQ-C30/CR29), distress (QSC-R10), and posttraumatic growth (PTGI) were assessed according to past ICR in patients 5-year post-CRC-diagnosis in the German DACHS study. Least square mean differences in HRQOL scores and elevated distress levels (QSC-R10 > 14 points) by ICR were estimated by confounder-adjusted linear and logistic regression, respectively. Differences in PTGI scales were tested for statistical significance. EORTC-QLQ-C30 reference scores from population controls were accessed from the LinDE study to estimate disease-related deficits in both treatment groups. Results 49% of the included 1906 CRC survivors had undergone ICR. Rehabilitants reported lower HRQOL scores than non-rehabilitants in several dimensions of the EORTC-QLQ-C30/CR29. Differences were pronounced among younger survivors (< 70 years). In younger survivors, past ICR also predicted elevated distress. However, rehabilitants showed higher posttraumatic growth. When compared to 934 population controls, non-rehabilitants and older rehabilitants reported HRQOL scores (EORTC-QLQ-C30) similar to controls except higher levels of bowel dysfunctions, whereas younger rehabilitants experienced deficits regarding most scales (13/15). Conclusion Our findings suggest a high disease burden 5 years after diagnosis in particular among younger CRC survivors who had undergone ICR. Observed HRQOL deficits are possibly linked to the initial indication for ICR and rehabilitants may benefit from effective follow-up concepts after ICR. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00432-021-03865-3.
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A longitudinal cohort study on benefit finding evolution in Chinese women breast cancer survivals. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20640. [PMID: 34667257 PMCID: PMC8526563 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99809-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though the prevalence of benefit finding (BF) has been empirically shown to exist among breast cancer (BC) survivals, how does benefit finding evolve over time remains inadequately investigated. The objective of this cohort study is to examine how BF evolves over time among Chinese breast cancer survivals and determine the demographic, medical and psychosocial factors that can sustain BF increase over time. Participants were 486 women with different stages of breast cancer (stages I, II and III) followed from completion of primary treatment. Analysis were performed on the data collected during 2014–2019. During the assessment, each participant completed self-report questionnaires of characteristics and benefit finding at six time points with the interval of 6 months since BC diagnosis. The relationships between demographic, medical and psychosocial characteristics and benefit finding evolution over time were examined using mixed models. Participants reported mixed results on the evolving patterns of benefit finding: 28% reported an upward trend in BF scoring over time, 49% instead reported an downward trend, and the remaining 23% reported no obvious change. Our study has shown that some well-known covariates of benefit finding, e.g. education, income, and social support, are not associated with BF trends. In comparison, levels of spirituality and disease coping at diagnosis can more reliably predict BF evolution over time. Identifying the sustaining factors of benefit finding in the experience of breast cancer is the key to design effective psycho clinical solutions for patients’ long-term post-traumatic growth. As time goes by, breast cancer patients may experience less benefit finding. Our results strongly indicate that benefit finding can be sustained and increased by encouraging attempts at meaning-making and active disease coping during breast cancer treatment. To the best of our knowledge, this study is among the first to examine the evolution trends of benefit finding over time on breast cancer survivals and determine their psychosocial predictors in developing countries.
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Jahnen M, Mynzak E, Meissner VH, Schiele S, Schulwitz H, Ankerst DP, Gschwend JE, Herkommer K, Dinkel A. Diversity of cancer-related identities in long-term prostate cancer survivors after radical prostatectomy. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:1041. [PMID: 34544381 PMCID: PMC8454161 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08776-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals affected by cancer need to integrate this experience into their personal biography as their life continues after primary therapy, leading to substantial changes in self-perception. This study identified factors uniquely associated with 5 different cancer-related identities in order to improve the understanding of how self-perception in men affected by prostate cancer is associated with certain clinical and psychosocial characteristics. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, long-term prostate cancer survivors after radical prostatectomy were asked to choose one of 5 cancer-related identities that described them best. Associations with sociodemographic, clinical, and psychological variables were investigated using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS Three thousand three hundred forty-seven men (mean age 78.1 years) surveyed on average 15.6 years after prostatectomy were included. Most men favored the terms "someone who has had cancer" (43.9%) which was associated with a mild disease course, and "patient" (26.3%) which was associated with ongoing therapy and biochemical disease recurrence. The self-descriptions "cancer survivor" (16.8%), "cancer conqueror" (10.9%) and "victim" (2.1%) were less common. "Cancer survivor" was associated with high perceived disease severity (OR: 1.86 [1.44-2.40]). "Cancer survivor" and "cancer conqueror" were related to high benefit finding (OR: 1.89 [1.48-2.40], OR: 1.46 [1.12-1.89] respectively), and only "cancer conqueror" was associated with high well-being (OR: 1.84 [1.35-2.50]). Identification as "victim" was associated with a positive depression screening and low well-being (OR: 2.22 [1.15-4.31], OR: 0.38 [0.20-0.72] respectively) (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Although long-term survival is common among men affected by PCa, they display a large diversity in cancer-related identities, which are associated with unique clinical and psychological characteristics. These cancer-related identities and their distinctive properties are associated with psychological well-being even after a long follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Jahnen
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Eike Mynzak
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Valentin H Meissner
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Schiele
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Helga Schulwitz
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Donna P Ankerst
- Department of Mathematics, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstr. 3, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Jürgen E Gschwend
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathleen Herkommer
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Dinkel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Langerstr.3, 81675, Munich, Germany.
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Kobosko J, Jedrzejczak WW, Porembska DB, Geremek-Samsonowicz A, Skarzynski H. Posttraumatic Growth in Postlingually Deaf Patients With Cochlear Implants: The Effect of Stress-Coping Strategies, Sociodemographics, and Deafness-Related Factors. Front Psychol 2021; 12:546896. [PMID: 34484014 PMCID: PMC8415967 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.546896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess whether cochlear implant (CI) users who had been postlingually deaf developed a more positive outlook on life—the so-called posttraumatic growth (PTG)—as a result of their disability and to examine how PTG related to their stress-coping strategies and personal circumstances. The study group consisted of 119 postlingually deaf CI users. The participants were asked to anonymously fill in several questionnaires: the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced (Brief COPE), and a form asking for personal details and factors related to their deafness and CI use. The PTG of postlingually deaf CI users was similar to that found in people with other severe health problems. The time that had elapsed since the hearing was lost and the time from receiving a CI were positively correlated with PTG. The level of PTG was correlated with the particular coping strategies used and differed between men and women. We found that the development of PTG could emerge from both approach-oriented coping strategies (e.g., active coping and planning) and avoidance-oriented coping strategies (e.g., denial, self-distraction, and self-blame). Paradoxically, the avoidance strategies could play a positive role in the development of PTG. This reinforces the idea, previously raised in the PTG literature, that such strategies exert a defensive and protective function—an “illusory” side of PTG—which operates together with the positive constructive side, and both help develop the sense of well-being of a person.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kobosko
- Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Warsaw, Poland.,World Hearing Center, Nadarzyn, Poland
| | - W Wiktor Jedrzejczak
- Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Warsaw, Poland.,World Hearing Center, Nadarzyn, Poland
| | - D Beata Porembska
- Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Warsaw, Poland.,World Hearing Center, Nadarzyn, Poland.,The Maria Grzegorzewska University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Geremek-Samsonowicz
- Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Warsaw, Poland.,World Hearing Center, Nadarzyn, Poland
| | - Henryk Skarzynski
- Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Warsaw, Poland.,World Hearing Center, Nadarzyn, Poland
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Zhao Q, Sun X, Xie F, Chen B, Wang L, Hu L, Dai Q. Impact of COVID-19 on psychological wellbeing. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2021; 21:100252. [PMID: 34429728 PMCID: PMC8350012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2021.100252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study aims to record post-traumatic stress (PTS) and post-traumatic growth (PTG) of the general population of China during the first wave of COVID-19 spread. Method: An online survey was distributed in China during February and March 2020 to record the general population's PTS (using the Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian Version, PCL-C) and PTG (using the Post-traumatic Growth Inventory, PTGI) due to COVID-19. Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFAs) and a Two-Part Model (TPM) of regression analysis were conducted. Results: In total, 29,118 Chinese participants completed the survey (54.20% were in their 20s, 68% were males, and 60.30% had a university education). CFA results illustrated that bifactor models described the Chinese psychometric traits of PTS and PTG over the default models. Results of TPM suggested that female, low-educated, and middle-aged individuals were more vulnerable to PTS. Remarkably, mutual and positive correlations between the PTS and the PTG, though small in statistics, were observed through regression analyses. Conclusions: The current results presented new best-fit structural models, potential predictors, and valuable baseline information on the PTS and the PTG of the Chinese population in the context of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Nursing Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Sun
- Department of Nursing Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Department of Nursing Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Beijing Chen
- Department of Nursing Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Dai
- Department of Nursing Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute for Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
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Liu Z, Thong MSY, Doege D, Koch-Gallenkamp L, Bertram H, Eberle A, Holleczek B, Waldmann A, Zeissig SR, Pritzkuleit R, Brenner H, Arndt V. Prevalence of benefit finding and posttraumatic growth in long-term cancer survivors: results from a multi-regional population-based survey in Germany. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:877-883. [PMID: 34215852 PMCID: PMC8437934 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01473-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer studies reported mixed results on benefit finding (BF) and posttraumatic growth (PTG) prevalence and few were focused on long-term survivors. Methods BF and PTG were assessed in a multi-regional population-based study in Germany with 6952 breast, colorectal and prostate cancer survivors, using the Benefit Finding Scale and Posttraumatic Growth Inventory. We calculated the age-adjusted prevalence, stratified by demographical and clinical characteristics. Results Overall, 66.0% of cancer survivors indicated moderate-to-high BF, and 20.5% moderate-to-high PTG. Age-adjusted prevalence of BF and PTG differed according to cancer type (breast > colorectal > prostate) and sex (female > male). BF and PTG prevalence were higher in younger than in older respondents; the age-adjusted prevalence was higher in respondents who survived more years after diagnosis. The strength and direction of associations of age-adjusted prevalence with cancer stage, disease recurrence, and time since diagnosis varied according to cancer type and sex. Conclusions A substantial proportion of long-term cancer survivors reported moderate-to-high BF and PTG. However, the prevalence was lower in older and male cancer survivors, and during the earlier years after cancer diagnosis. Further longitudinal studies on PTG and BF in cancer survivors are warranted to address heterogeneity in survivors’ experience after cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhunzhun Liu
- Unit of Cancer Survivorship, Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Medical Faculty of Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melissa S Y Thong
- Unit of Cancer Survivorship, Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Doege
- Unit of Cancer Survivorship, Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Heike Bertram
- Cancer Registry of North Rhine-Westphalia, Bochum, Germany
| | - Andrea Eberle
- Bremen Cancer Registry, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Annika Waldmann
- Hamburg Cancer Registry, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | | | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Preventive Oncology, DKFZ and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Arndt
- Unit of Cancer Survivorship, Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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Liu Z, Doege D, Thong MSY, Koch-Gallenkamp L, Bertram H, Eberle A, Holleczek B, Nennecke A, Waldmann A, Zeißig SR, Pritzkuleit R, Arndt V. Distress mediates the relationship between cognitive appraisal of medical care and benefit finding/posttraumatic growth in long-term cancer survivors. Cancer 2021; 127:3680-3690. [PMID: 34196976 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.33684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to ascertain long-term cancer survivors' (LTCS') appraisal of medical care and how these perceptions may influence their health and well-being, including benefit finding (BF) and posttraumatic growth (PTG). METHODS In total, 6952 LTCS from a multiregional population-based study in Germany completed the Benefit Finding Scale, the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, the Questionnaire on Stress in Cancer, and self-designed questions on cognitive appraisal of medical care. The authors explored the mediating role of distress between medical care appraisal and BF and PTG and the possible moderation of time since diagnosis in this relationship. RESULTS LTCS' medical care appraisals ("no unresolved/untreated symptoms," "satisfaction with cancer care," and "satisfaction with care for other diseases") were positively associated with BF. PTG was positively associated with "no unresolved/untreated symptoms" and negatively associated with "satisfaction with care for other diseases." Cancer distress partially mediated the associations between appraisals of medical care and BF, between "no unresolved/untreated symptoms" and PTG and between "satisfaction with care for other diseases" and PTG; whereas it totally mediated the association between "satisfaction with cancer care" and PTG. Time was a significant moderator in the model; the negative indirect effect of cognitive appraisal on BF and PTG through cancer distress weakened with longer time since diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Cancer survivors' medical care appraisal is associated with their perceptions of BF and PTG through distress. Therefore, distress screening could be part of the regular workup to identify distressed cancer survivors who are not satisfied with medical care; these survivors may benefit from interventions to reduce distress and increase BF and PTG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhunzhun Liu
- Unit of Cancer Survivorship, Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Medical Faculty of Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Doege
- Unit of Cancer Survivorship, Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melissa S Y Thong
- Unit of Cancer Survivorship, Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Heike Bertram
- Cancer Registry of North Rhine-Westphalia, Bochum, Germany
| | - Andrea Eberle
- Bremen Cancer Registry, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | | | | | - Annika Waldmann
- Institute for Social Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | | | - Volker Arndt
- Unit of Cancer Survivorship, Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Asmundson GJ, Paluszek MM, Taylor S. Real versus illusory personal growth in response to COVID-19 pandemic stressors. J Anxiety Disord 2021; 81:102418. [PMID: 34004367 PMCID: PMC9759660 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is considerable evidence of widespread emotional distress associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. A growing number of studies have assessed posttraumatic growth related to the current pandemic; but, none have considered whether reported growth is real or illusory (i.e., characterized by avoidant or defensive coping that results in higher levels of distress). The purpose of this study was to extend this literature by assessing growth specific to the pandemic in people reporting high levels of COVID-related stress and estimating the extent of real and illusory COVID-19-related growth. METHODS Participants were 893 adults from Canada and the United States with high levels of COVID-related stress who provided complete responses on measures of posttraumatic growth, disability, and measures of general and COVID-related distress as part of a larger longitudinal survey. RESULTS Approximately 77 % of participants reported moderate to high growth in at least one respect, the most common being developing greater appreciation for healthcare workers, for the value of one's own life, for friends and family, for each day, as well as changing priorities about what is important in life and greater feelings of self-reliance. Consistent with predictions, cluster analysis identified two clusters characterized by high growth, one comprising 32 % of the sample and reflective of real growth (i.e., reporting little disability and stable symptoms across time) and the other comprising 17 % of the sample and reflective of illusory growth (i.e., reporting high disability and worsening symptoms). These clusters did not differ in terms of socially desirable response tendencies; but, the illusory growth cluster reported greater increases in alcohol use since onset of the pandemic. CONCLUSION Consistent with research regarding personal growth in response to prior pandemics and COVID-19, we found evidence to suggest moderate to high levels of COVID-related growth with respect to appreciation for healthcare workers, life, friends and family, and self-reliance. Findings from our cluster analysis support the thesis that many reports of COVID-related personal growth reflect ineffectual pandemic-related coping as opposed to true growth. These findings have important implications for developing strategies to optimize stress resilience and posttraumatic growth during chronically stressful events such as pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon J.G. Asmundson
- Department of Psychology, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada,Corresponding author at: Department of Psychology, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, S4S 0A2, Canada
| | | | - Steven Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Menger F, Mohammed Halim NA, Rimmer B, Sharp L. Post-traumatic growth after cancer: a scoping review of qualitative research. Support Care Cancer 2021; 29:7013-7027. [PMID: 34018030 PMCID: PMC8464569 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-021-06253-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Interest is growing in post-traumatic growth (PTG) after cancer prompted, in part, by observations of positive associations with health-related quality of life. Qualitative research provides valuable insight into survivors’ experiences. We conducted a scoping review of qualitative evidence on PTG in cancer, determining the number, nature, range and scope of studies, and gaps in the literature. Methods We systematically searched Medline, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science, and PsycINFO for qualitative research exploring positive changes after cancer published from 1996. From eligible studies, we extracted: terms used for PTG; design, methodological orientation, and techniques, and participant characteristics. Using descriptive mapping, we explored whether study findings fit within Tedeschi and Calhoun’s PTG framework, and evidence for unique positive changes post-cancer. Results Twenty-eight studies were eligible. Cancer sites included were: breast, 14; mixed, 6; haematological, 4; head and neck cancer, 2; bone, 1, and testis, 1. Multiple studies were conducted in: the USA (12), Australia (3), Iran (2), and the UK (2). Twenty-three studies collected data using individual interviews (21) or focus groups (2). Definitions of PTG varied. Studies largely focused on descriptive accounts of PTG. Findings mapped onto existing PTG dimensions; health behaviour changes were often reported, under ‘new possibilities’. Conclusions A range of PTG outcomes can occur after cancer. Positive health behaviour changes warrant further exploration. Future research should include more diverse patient populations, collect longitudinal data, and focus on pathways towards positive changes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00520-021-06253-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Menger
- School of Education, Communication and Language Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | | | - Ben Rimmer
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Linda Sharp
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Life After Facing Cancer: Posttraumatic Growth, Meaning in Life and Life Satisfaction. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2021; 29:92-102. [PMID: 34008123 DOI: 10.1007/s10880-021-09786-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Although it is known that facing cancer may be accompanied by a range of chronic and acute stress reactions, it can also contribute to positive psychological changes and influence one's life perception. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate relationship between posttraumatic growth (PTG), meaning in life and life satisfaction to determine whether the presence of meaning or the search for meaning mediated the relationship between PTG and life satisfaction. The study was conducted with 149 cancer survivors who were at least one-month post-completion of all medical cancer therapy. The results indicate positive associations between PTG, the presence of meaning in life, the search for meaning and life satisfaction. Moreover, the relationship between PTG and life satisfaction could be explained by the mediating effect of the presence of meaning in life. Thus, it is important for clinicians to systematically facilitate PTG, meaning in life and life satisfaction as protective factors to one's daily functioning.
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Zimmaro LA, Deng M, Handorf E, Fang CY, Denlinger CS, Reese JB. Understanding benefit finding among patients with colorectal cancer: a longitudinal study. Support Care Cancer 2021; 29:2355-2362. [PMID: 32918129 PMCID: PMC7947025 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-020-05758-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Perceiving positive life changes ("benefit finding") is thought to promote better adjustment after cancer, yet is poorly understood among colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. We characterized benefit finding and examined its relationship to demographic/medical factors, change over time, and association with distress. METHODS CRC outpatients (N = 133, 50% metastatic) completed self-report measures (demographic/medical factors, benefit finding, distress) at baseline and 6 months later. Wilcoxon rank-sum (Kruskal-Wallis) tests or Spearman correlations tested associations between benefit finding and demographic/medical factors. Linear regressions assessed (1) change in benefit finding over time and whether this differed by demographic/medical factors, and (2) association between benefit finding and distress and whether this changed over time. RESULTS Benefit finding was common among patients with CRC, with highest rated items reflecting gratitude, acceptance, and stronger family relationships. Women and racial minorities reported greater benefit finding than men (p < 0.001) and White patients (p = 0.015), respectively. Medical factors (e.g., metastatic disease) were not associated with benefit finding. Benefit finding significantly increased over time (p = 0.03). While greater benefit finding trended towards an association with lower distress, results were not statistically significant and the relationship did not change over time. CONCLUSION Benefit finding was characterized largely by perceived psychological and social benefits, as opposed to pragmatic benefits. Individual differences and social determinants may be more informative than medical characteristics when it comes to benefit finding; although, cultural factors and mediators should be examined further. Benefit finding seems to evolve over time perhaps as a coping process; however, its association with psychological distress appears tenuous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Zimmaro
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Mengying Deng
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Handorf
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carolyn Y Fang
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Crystal S Denlinger
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer B Reese
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Kim H, Son H. Moderating Effect of Posttraumatic Growth on the Relationship Between Social Support and Quality of Life in Colorectal Cancer Patients With Ostomies. Cancer Nurs 2021; 44:251-259. [PMID: 33886236 PMCID: PMC8081094 DOI: 10.1097/ncc.0000000000000887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little research has examined the moderating influence of posttraumatic growth (PTG) on the relationship between social support and quality of life. OBJECTIVES This study examined the relationship between social support and quality of life by the level of PTG in colorectal cancer patients with ostomies. METHODS Using a cross-sectional design, colorectal cancer patients with ostomies (n = 140) were recruited using convenience sampling. The City of Hope Quality of Life-Ostomy, the Multidimensional Scale of Social Support, and the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory measured quality of life, social support, and PTG, respectively. RESULTS Social support and PTG were positively related to psychological and social well-being. Higher social support was associated with better psychological and social well-being. Posttraumatic growth moderated the relationship between psychological and social well-being. At a low and moderate level of PTG, social support was more strongly associated with psychological and social well-being, whereas at high levels, this association was not significant. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the significance of social support to improve the quality of life for colorectal cancer patients with an ostomy, particularly those with low levels of PTG. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Screening for patients' positive cognitive adaptations while living with an ostomy could identify those who might need further social support to improve their quality of life. Further, intensive social support programs might promote the quality of life for colorectal patients with an ostomy, which was found to be effective for those with low levels of PTG.
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The Experienced Benefits of the 17-Item Benefit Finding Scale in Chinese Colorectal Cancer Survivor and Spousal Caregiver Couples. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9050512. [PMID: 33925227 PMCID: PMC8146316 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9050512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The specific aims of the present study were twofold: (i) to examine the psychometric properties of a Chinese version of the 17-item Benefit Finding Scale (BFS-C), and (ii) to explore the experienced benefits in colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors and their spousal caregivers (SCs). A total of 286 CRC survivors and SCs participated in the investigation, which assessed participant variables of demographic characteristics and benefit finding (BF). Statistical methods applied were confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), Cronbach’s α, Pearson’s correlation, Kappa coefficient, paired t-tests, and one-way ANOVAs. CFA analysis supported a three-factor model for structure validity. All Cronbach’s α for BFS-C was greater than 0.870 in both CRC survivors and SCs. The test–retest correlations at the scale level ranged from good to excellent for CRC survivors (r = 0.752–0.922), and from moderate to good for SCs (r = 0.469–0.654). There were moderate to high correlations between CRC survivors and SCs in all of the paired BFs (all Ps < 0.001, r = 0.332–0.575). This report provided the satisfactory psychometric properties of the BFS-C in such aspects as construct validity, internal, and test–retest reliability among couples coping with CRC in China. Healthcare professionals need to treat couples as a unit and develop dyadic interventions to improve dyadic BF when supporting CRC survivors.
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