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Nath P, Alfarsi LH, El-Ansari R, Masisi BK, Erkan B, Fakroun A, Ellis IO, Rakha EA, Green AR. The amino acid transporter SLC7A11 expression in breast cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2024; 25:2291855. [PMID: 38073087 PMCID: PMC10761065 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2023.2291855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC), characterized by its diverse molecular profiles and clinical outcomes, presents a significant challenge in the development of effective therapeutic strategies. Metabolic reprogramming, a defining characteristic of cancer, has emerged as a promising target for novel therapies. SLC7A11, an amino acid transporter that facilitates cysteine uptake in exchange for glutamate, plays a crucial role in sustaining the altered metabolism of cancer cells. This study delves into the comprehensive analysis of SLC7A11 at the genomic, transcriptomic, and protein levels in extensive BC datasets to elucidate its potential role in different BC subtypes. SLC7A11 gene copy number and mRNA expression were evaluated using the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC) cohort (n = 1,980) and Breast Cancer Gene Expression Miner (n = 4,712). SLC7A11 protein was assessed using immunohistochemistry in a large BC cohort (n = 1,981). Additionally, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset was used to explore SLC7A11 DNA methylation patterns using MethSurv (n = 782) and association of SLC7A11 mRNA expression with immune infiltrates using TIMER (n = 1,100). High SLC7A11 mRNA and SLC7A11 protein expression were significantly associated with high tumor grade (p ≤ .02), indicating a potential role in cancer progression. Interestingly, SLC7A11 copy number gain was observed in HER2+ tumors (p = .01), suggesting a subtype-specific association. In contrast, SLC7A11 mRNA expression was higher in the basal-like/triple-negative (TN; p < .001) and luminal B tumors (p = .02), highlighting its differential expression across BC subtypes. Notably, high SLC7A11 protein expression was predominantly observed in Estrogen Receptor (ER)-negative and Triple Negative (TN) BC, suggesting a role in these aggressive subtypes. Further analysis revealed that SLC7A11 was positively correlated with other amino acid transporters and enzymes associated with glutamine metabolism, implying a coordinated role in metabolic regulation. Additionally, SLC7A11 gene expression was positively associated with neutrophil and macrophage infiltration, suggesting a potential link between SLC7A11 and tumor immunity. Our findings suggest that SLC7A11 plays a significant role in BC metabolism, demonstrating differential expression across subtypes and associations with poor patient outcomes. Further functional studies are warranted to elucidate the precise mechanisms by which SLC7A11 contributes to BC progression and to explore its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preyanka Nath
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Academic Unit of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, UK
| | - Lutfi H. Alfarsi
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Academic Unit of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, UK
| | - Rokaya El-Ansari
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Academic Unit of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, UK
| | - Brendah K. Masisi
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Academic Unit of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, UK
| | - Busra Erkan
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Academic Unit of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ali Fakroun
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Academic Unit of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ian O. Ellis
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Academic Unit of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, UK
- Cellular Pathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - Emad A. Rakha
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Academic Unit of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, UK
- Cellular Pathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - Andrew R. Green
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Academic Unit of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, Nottingham, UK
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Cui J, Li J, Zhao S, Fan L, Yin S, Zhao C, Hu H. Combination of Selenite and Butyrate Enhances Efficacy Against Colon Cancer by Targeting ASCT2-Mediated Amino Acid Metabolism. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:3565-3573. [PMID: 37897593 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03927-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Drug combination is considered to be an effective approach to improve the efficacy of cancer therapy and chemoprevention. Selenite, a representative of inorganic form of selenium, and butyrate, a major short-chain fatty acid, are two well-documented colon cancer dietary chemopreventive agents with distinct molecular mechanisms. We hypothesized that combination of selenite and butyrate might produce improved outcome against colon cancer. This hypothesis was tested using both HCT116 human colon cancer cells and its xenograft mouse model in the present study. The in vitro study showed a synergistically inhibitory effect on HCT116 colon cancer cells but not on NCM460 normal human colon mucosal epithelial cells. Consistent with the in vitro study, results of the xenograft mouse model further demonstrated that combination of selenite and butyrate led to improved efficacy in comparison with each agent alone. Mechanistically, the induction of alanine-serine-cysteine transporter 2 (ASCT2) by selenite repressed its inhibitory effect on colon cancer cells, which was reversed by its co-treatment with butyrate. The findings of the present study denote the likely potential for developing selenite/butyrate combination remedy to combat against colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Cui
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jingsi Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lihong Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, No.2 Yunamingyuan West Road, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Shutao Yin
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chong Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hongbo Hu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Hushmandi K, Einollahi B, Saadat SH, Lee EHC, Farani MR, Okina E, Huh YS, Nabavi N, Salimimoghadam S, Kumar AP. Amino acid transporters within the solute carrier superfamily: Underappreciated proteins and novel opportunities for cancer therapy. Mol Metab 2024; 84:101952. [PMID: 38705513 PMCID: PMC11112377 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solute carrier (SLC) transporters, a diverse family of membrane proteins, are instrumental in orchestrating the intake and efflux of nutrients including amino acids, vitamins, ions, nutrients, etc, across cell membranes. This dynamic process is critical for sustaining the metabolic demands of cancer cells, promoting their survival, proliferation, and adaptation to the tumor microenvironment (TME). Amino acids are fundamental building blocks of cells and play essential roles in protein synthesis, nutrient sensing, and oncogenic signaling pathways. As key transporters of amino acids, SLCs have emerged as crucial players in maintaining cellular amino acid homeostasis, and their dysregulation is implicated in various cancer types. Thus, understanding the intricate connections between amino acids, SLCs, and cancer is pivotal for unraveling novel therapeutic targets and strategies. SCOPE OF REVIEW In this review, we delve into the significant impact of amino acid carriers of the SLCs family on the growth and progression of cancer and explore the current state of knowledge in this field, shedding light on the molecular mechanisms that underlie these relationships and highlighting potential avenues for future research and clinical interventions. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Amino acids transportation by SLCs plays a critical role in tumor progression. However, some studies revealed the tumor suppressor function of SLCs. Although several studies evaluated the function of SLC7A11 and SLC1A5, the role of some SLC proteins in cancer is not studied well. To exert their functions, SLCs mediate metabolic rewiring, regulate the maintenance of redox balance, affect main oncogenic pathways, regulate amino acids bioavailability within the TME, and alter the sensitivity of cancer cells to therapeutics. However, different therapeutic methods that prevent the function of SLCs were able to inhibit tumor progression. This comprehensive review provides insights into a rapidly evolving area of cancer biology by focusing on amino acids and their transporters within the SLC superfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiavash Hushmandi
- Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Clinical Sciences Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Behzad Einollahi
- Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Clinical Sciences Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hassan Saadat
- Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Clinical Sciences Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - E Hui Clarissa Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; NUS Center for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marzieh Ramezani Farani
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Elena Okina
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; NUS Center for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yun Suk Huh
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Department of Urologic Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, V6H3Z6, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shokooh Salimimoghadam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; NUS Center for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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Ogawa M, Tanaka A, Maekawa M, Namba K, Otani Y, Shia J, Wang JY, Roehrl MH. Protein expression of the amino acid transporter SLC7A5 in tumor tissue is prognostic in early-stage colorectal cancer. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298362. [PMID: 38722983 PMCID: PMC11081336 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Proteins overexpressed in early-stage cancers may serve as early diagnosis and prognosis markers as well as targets for cancer therapies. In this study, we examined the expression of an essential amino acid carrier SLC7A5 (LAT1, CD98, or 4F2 light chain) in cancer tissue from two well-annotated cohorts of 575 cases of early-stage and 106 cases of late-stage colorectal cancer patients. Immunohistochemistry showed SLC7A5 overexpression in 72.0% of early-stage and 56.6% of late-stage cases. SLC7A5 expression was not influenced by patient gender, age, location, or mismatch repair status, although it appeared to be slightly less prevalent in tumors of mucinous differentiation or with lymphovascular invasion. Statistical analyses revealed a positive correlation between SLC7A5 overexpression and both overall survival and disease-free survival in early-stage but not late-stage cancers. Co-expression analyses of the TCGA and CPTAC colorectal cancer cohorts identified a network of gene transcripts positively related to SLC7A5, with its heterodimer partner SLC3A2 having the highest co-expression score. Network analysis uncovered the SLC7A network to be significantly associated with ncRNA such as tRNA processing and the mitotic cell cycle. Since SLC7A5 is also a marker of activated lymphocytes such as NK, T, and B lymphocytes, SLC7A5 overexpression in early colorectal cancers might trigger a strong anti-tumor immune response which could results in better clinical outcome. Overall, our study provides clear evidence of differential SLC7A5 expression and its prognostic value for early-stage colorectal cancer, although the understanding of its functions in colorectal tumorigenesis and cancer immunity is currently rather limited and awaits further characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Ogawa
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Atsushi Tanaka
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Masaki Maekawa
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Kei Namba
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Yusuke Otani
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Jinru Shia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | | | - Michael H. Roehrl
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
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5
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Li Y, Guo Y, Bröer A, Dai L, Brӧer S, Yan R. Cryo-EM structure of the human Asc-1 transporter complex. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3036. [PMID: 38589439 PMCID: PMC11001984 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47468-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The Alanine-Serine-Cysteine transporter 1 (Asc-1 or SLC7A10) forms a crucial heterodimeric transporter complex with 4F2hc (SLC3A2) through a covalent disulfide bridge. This complex enables the sodium-independent transport of small neutral amino acids, including L-Alanine (L-Ala), Glycine (Gly), and D-Serine (D-Ser), within the central nervous system (CNS). D-Ser and Gly are two key endogenous glutamate co-agonists that activate N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors by binding to the allosteric site. Mice deficient in Asc-1 display severe symptoms such as tremors, ataxia, and seizures, leading to early postnatal death. Despite its physiological importance, the functional mechanism of the Asc-1-4F2hc complex has remained elusive. Here, we present cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of the human Asc-1-4F2hc complex in its apo state, D-Ser bound state, and L-Ala bound state, resolved at 3.6 Å, 3.5 Å, and 3.4 Å, respectively. Through detailed structural analysis and transport assays, we uncover a comprehensive alternating access mechanism that underlies conformational changes in the complex. In summary, our findings reveal the architecture of the Asc-1 and 4F2hc complex and provide valuable insights into substrate recognition and the functional cycle of this essential transporter complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaning Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- Institute for Biological Electron Microscopy, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yingying Guo
- Department of Biochemistry, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Angelika Bröer
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Lu Dai
- Department of Biochemistry, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Stefan Brӧer
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
| | - Renhong Yan
- Department of Biochemistry, Key University Laboratory of Metabolism and Health of Guangdong, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.
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6
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Guo J, Fan J, Zhang Y, Li M, Jin Z, Shang Y, Zhang H, Kong Y. Progesterone inhibits endometrial cancer growth by inhibiting glutamine metabolism through ASCT2. Biosci Rep 2024; 44:BSR20232035. [PMID: 38415405 PMCID: PMC10932743 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20232035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is a common malignancy that originates from the endometrium and grows in the female reproductive system. Surgeries, as current treatments for cancer, however, cannot meet the fertility needs of young women patients. Thus, progesterone (P4) therapy is indispensable due to its effective temporary preservation of female fertility. Many cancer cells are often accompanied by changes in metabolic phenotypes, and abnormally dependent on the amino acid glutamine. However, whether P4 exerts an effect on EC via glutamine metabolism is unknown. In the present study, we found that P4 could inhibit glutamine metabolism in EC cells and down-regulate the expression of the glutamine transporter ASCT2. This regulation of ASCT2 affects the uptake of glutamine. Furthermore, the in vivo xenograft studies showed that P4 inhibited tumor growth and the expression of key enzymes involved in glutamine metabolism. Our study demonstrated that the direct regulation of glutamine metabolism by P4 and its anticancer effect was mediated through the inhibition of ASCT2. These results provide a mechanism underlying the effects of P4 therapy on EC from the perspective of glutamine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiu Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jianhui Fan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yaru Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Mengyue Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zeen Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuhong Shang
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hongshuo Zhang
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ying Kong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Zhong X, He Z, Yin L, Fan Y, Tong Y, Kang Y, Bi Q. Glutamine metabolism in tumor metastasis: Genes, mechanisms and the therapeutic targets. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20656. [PMID: 37829798 PMCID: PMC10565784 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells frequently change their metabolism from aerobic glycolysis to lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism to adapt to the malignant biological behaviours of infinite proliferation and distant metastasis. The significance of metabolic substances and patterns in tumour cell metastasis is becoming increasingly prominent. Tumour metastasis involves a series of significant steps such as the shedding of cancer cells from a primary tumour, resistance to apoptosis, and colonisation of metastatic sites. However, the role of glutamine in these processes remains unclear. This review summarises the key enzymes and transporters involved in glutamine metabolism that are related to the pathogenesis of malignant tumour metastasis. We also list the roles of glutamine in resisting oxidative stress and promoting immune escape. Finally, the significance of targeting glutamine metabolism in inhibiting tumour metastasis was proposed, research in this field improving our understanding of amino acid metabolism rewiring and simultaneously bringing about new and exciting therapeutic prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xugang Zhong
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zeju He
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Li Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yong Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yu Tong
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Hangzhou Medical College People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yao Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Hangzhou Medical College People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Bi
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Hangzhou Medical College People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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8
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Montero JC, Del Carmen S, Abad M, Sayagués JM, Barbáchano A, Fernández-Barral A, Muñoz A, Pandiella A. An amino acid transporter subunit as an antibody-drug conjugate target in colorectal cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:200. [PMID: 37559159 PMCID: PMC10410906 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02784-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) is difficult to treat. For that reason, the development of novel therapeutics is necessary. Here we describe a potentially actionable plasma membrane target, the amino acid transporter protein subunit CD98hc. METHODS Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses of CD98hc protein expression were carried out on paired normal and tumoral tissues from patients with CRC. Immunofluorescence and western studies were used to characterize the action of a DM1-based CD98hc-directed antibody-drug conjugate (ADC). MTT and Annexin V studies were performed to evaluate the effect of the anti-CD98hc-ADC on cell proliferation and apoptosis. CRISPR/Cas9 and shRNA were used to explore the specificity of the ADC. In vitro analyses of the antitumoral activity of the anti-CD98hc-ADC on 3D patient-derived normal as well as tumoral organoids were also carried out. Xenografted CRC cells and a PDX were used to analyze the antitumoral properties of the anti-CD98hc-ADC. RESULTS Genomic as well proteomic analyses of paired normal and tumoral samples showed that CD98hc expression was significantly higher in tumoral tissues as compared to levels of CD98hc present in the normal colonic tissue. In human CRC cell lines, an ADC that recognized the CD98hc ectodomain, reached the lysosomes and exerted potent antitumoral activity. The specificity of the CD98hc-directed ADC was demonstrated using CRC cells in which CD98hc was decreased by shRNA or deleted using CRISPR/Cas9. Studies in patient-derived organoids verified the antitumoral action of the anti-CD98hc-ADC, which largely spared normal tissue-derived colon organoids. In vivo studies using xenografted CRC cells or patient-derived xenografts confirmed the antitumoral activity of the anti-CD98hc-ADC. CONCLUSIONS The studies herewith reported indicate that CD98hc may represent a novel ADC target that, upon well-designed clinical trials, could be used to increase the therapeutic armamentarium against CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Montero
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain.
- Department of Pathology and IBSAL, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sofía Del Carmen
- Department of Pathology and IBSAL, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Mar Abad
- Department of Pathology and IBSAL, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José M Sayagués
- Department of Pathology and IBSAL, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Barbáchano
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', CSIC-Autonomous University of Madrid, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Asunción Fernández-Barral
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', CSIC-Autonomous University of Madrid, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Muñoz
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', CSIC-Autonomous University of Madrid, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Atanasio Pandiella
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca), Salamanca, Spain.
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain.
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9
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Assis EM, Rodrigues M, Vieira JC, Pascoaloti MI, Júnior HM, Souto GR, Souza PE, Horta MC. Microvascular density and tumor budding in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2023; 28:e174-e182. [PMID: 36565216 PMCID: PMC9985932 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.25640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent malignant head and neck tumor, excluding the nonmelanoma skin cancer. Despite recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment, the disease's mortality rate is nonetheless high. The presence of isolated neoplastic cells or small clusters of up to four cells at the tumor's invasive front, named tumor budding, is associated with a worse prognosis in OSCC. Angiogenesis has also been recognized as a determining factor in the progression of malignancies and in the development of metastases. Several studies have investigated the assessment of microvascular density (MVD) as a potential prognostic factor in OSCC. This study aimed to evaluate, in OSCC, differences in MVD between tumors with high-intensity tumor budding and tumors with low-intensity or no tumor budding. In samples with high-intensity tumor budding, differences in MVD between the budding area and the area outside the budding were also evaluated. Moreover, the study assessed differences in MVD concerning clinicopathological characteristics such as sex, age, tobacco smoking, tumor location and tumor size. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred and fifty [150] samples of OSCC were subjected to immunohistochemistry to assess the intensity of tumor budding (by immunostaining for multi-cytokeratin) and MVD (by immunostaining for CD34 and CD105, independently). The data were treated using descriptive and analytical statistics. RESULTS There were no differences in MVD, assessed by immunostaining for CD34 or CD105, concerning clinicopathological characteristics such as sex, age, tobacco smoking, tumor location and tumor size (p > 0.05). Tumors with high-intensity tumor budding did not show differences in MVD, assessed by immunostaining for CD34 or CD105, when compared to tumors with low-intensity or no tumor budding (p > 0.05). However, in samples with high-intensity tumor budding, the MVD assessed by immunostaining for CD34 was higher in the budding area than in the area outside the budding (p < 0.05). This difference was not observed when MVD was assessed by immunostaining for CD105 (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The higher MVD in the budding area may be an additional indication that this is a peculiar region of the tumor, associated with biological phenomena related to tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- E-M Assis
- Departamento de Odontologia - Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais Avenida Dom José Gaspar 500, Prédio 46, Sala 101 CEP: 30535-901. Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
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10
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Zheng S, Liu T, Li L, Liu Q, Huang C, Liang Y, Tan Y, Zhang L, Lu X. SLC1A5, unrelated to prognosis, was associated with CD8 + T-cell exclusion in the tumor microenvironment of squamous cell carcinoma. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14571. [PMID: 36950604 PMCID: PMC10025928 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
SLC1A5, short for solute carrier family 1 member 5, is a neutral amino acid transporter whose expression has been reported to be upregulated in various cancers, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Despite this, little has been described regarding the immunological involvement of SLC1A5 expression in the tumor microenvironment of ESCC. Given this, we adopted in silico analyses together with a wet lab strategy to investigate the prognostic and clinicopathological meaning of SLC1A5 expression in ESCC. In silico analyses of SLC1A5 expression data available from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database revealed that SLC1A5 expression was unrelated to the prognosis of ESCC, which holds true when extended to other types of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). Further analyses revealed that SLC1A5 expression correlated markedly with the infiltration density of effector CD8+ T cells in ESCC, and the same was true for HNSC and LUSC when extrapolated. As experimental confirmation, multiplexed immunofluorescent staining was undertaken to verify the correlation between SLC1A5 expression and infiltration of CD8+ T cells in a tissue microarray prepared from ESCC and matched normal control tissues. Our data confirmed that SLC1A5 expression was not associated with prognosis but was associated with the exclusion of CD8+ T cells. Taken together, all the data we curated strongly support the notion that SLC1A5 expression is associated with CD8+ T-cell exclusion in the tumor microenvironment of SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, PR China
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, PR China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, PR China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, PR China
| | - Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, PR China
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, PR China
| | - Conggai Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, PR China
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medicine College, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830017, China
| | - Yiyi Tan
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, PR China
- VIP Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, PR China
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, PR China
- Corresponding author. State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention, Treatment of Central Asian High Incidence Diseases, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, PR China.
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11
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Allen AE, Sun Y, Wei F, Reid MA, Locasale JW. Nucleotide metabolism is linked to cysteine availability. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:103039. [PMID: 36803962 PMCID: PMC10074211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.103039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The small molecule erastin inhibits the cystine-glutamate antiporter, system xc-, which leads to intracellular cysteine and glutathione depletion. This can cause ferroptosis, which is an oxidative cell death process characterized by uncontrolled lipid peroxidation. Erastin and other ferroptosis inducers have been shown to affect metabolism but the metabolic effects of these drugs have not been systematically studied. To this end, we investigated how erastin impacts global metabolism in cultured cells and compared this metabolic profile to that caused by the ferroptosis inducer RAS-selective lethal 3 or in vivo cysteine deprivation. Common among the metabolic profiles were alterations in nucleotide and central carbon metabolism. Supplementing nucleosides to cysteine-deprived cells rescued cell proliferation in certain contexts, showing that these alterations to nucleotide metabolism can affect cellular fitness. While inhibition of the glutathione peroxidase GPX4 caused a similar metabolic profile as cysteine deprivation, nucleoside treatment did not rescue cell viability or proliferation under RAS-selective lethal 3 treatment, suggesting that these metabolic changes have varying importance in different scenarios of ferroptosis. Together, our study shows how global metabolism is affected during ferroptosis and points to nucleotide metabolism as an important target of cysteine deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamarie E Allen
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yudong Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Fangchao Wei
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael A Reid
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jason W Locasale
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Structural and Molecular Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
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12
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An anti-CD98 antibody displaying pH-dependent Fc-mediated tumour-specific activity against multiple cancers in CD98-humanized mice. Nat Biomed Eng 2023; 7:8-23. [PMID: 36424464 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-022-00956-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The cell-surface glycoprotein CD98-a subunit of the LAT1/CD98 amino acid transporter-is an attractive target for cancer immunotherapies, but its widespread expression has hampered the development of CD98-targeting antibody therapeutics. Here we report that an anti-CD98 antibody, identified via the screening of phage-display libraries of CD98 single-chain variable fragments with mutated complementarity-determining regions, preserves the physiological function of CD98 and elicits broad-spectrum crystallizable-fragment (Fc)-mediated anti-tumour activity (requiring Fcγ receptors for immunoglobulins, macrophages, dendritic cells and CD8+ T cells, as well as other components of the innate and adaptive immune systems) in multiple xenograft and syngeneic tumour models established in CD98-humanized mice. We also show that a variant of the anti-CD98 antibody with pH-dependent binding, generated by solving the structure of the antibody-CD98 complex, displayed enhanced tumour-specific activity and pharmacokinetics. pH-dependent antibody variants targeting widely expressed antigens may lead to superior therapeutic outcomes.
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13
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Wang J, Hao S, Song G, Wang Y, Hao Q. The prognostic and clinicopathological significance of SLC7A11 in human cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14931. [PMID: 36874967 PMCID: PMC9979827 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective It is of great importance to recognize bio-markers for cancer prognosis. However, the association between solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) and prognosis is still controversial. Therefore, we conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to identify the prognostic and clinicopathological significance of SLC7A11 in human cancers. Methods PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, the Cochrane Library and Embase database were searched from database inceptions to March 19th 2022. Hand searches were also conducted in references. Prognosis and clinicopathological data were extracted and analyzed. Results A total of 12 eligible studies with 1,955 patients were included. The results indicated that SLC7A11 expression is associated with unfavorable overall survival (OS), unfavorable recurrence-free survival (RFS) and unfavorable progression free survival (PFS). And SLC7A11 expression is also associated with more advanced tumor stage. Conclusions SLC7A11 expression is associated with more unfavorable prognosis and more advanced tumor stage. Therefore, SLC7A11 could be a potential biomarker for human cancer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantao Wang
- Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy & Department of Lung Cancer Center and Department of Radiation Oncology, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyuan Hao
- Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Chengdu, China
| | - Guojiao Song
- Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy & Department of Lung Cancer Center and Department of Radiation Oncology, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiukui Hao
- McMaster University, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Rehabilitation Science, Ontario, Canada
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Qian W, Zhang Y, Long Y, Yang W, Hu R, Li J, Leng Y, Liu X, Li QX, Wan X, Wei X. Probiotic Lactobacillus brevis CLB3 prevents azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium induced colon carcinogenesis in mice by reducing amino acid transport and IL-17A levels and repressing the IL-6/AKT/p-STAT3 signaling pathway. FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/fqsafe/fyac038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Amino acid intake plays a crucial role in the Warburg effect of cancer. The gut microbes could regulate intestinal amino acid metabolism. However, it is still unknown whether a probiotic therapy can protect the host from intestinal tumor invasion by reducing amino acid intake. With in vitro methods, three acid tolerant strains from fermented pickles were screened out. Using AOM/DSS induced colon cancer models, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of Lactobacillus brevis CLB3, Lactobacillus plantarum XLP and Lactobacillus johnsonii CM on model mice. Their functional mechanism were further explained through anatomy section, qRT-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemical staining analyses as well as database mining and gut culturomics. The L. brevis CLB3 treatment significantly improved clinical signs and symptoms of colon cancer, alleviated colon damage, and inhibited colon carcinogenesis in mice. In addition, this treatment significantly increased gut cultivable Lactobacillus abundance, inhibited the expression and translation levels of the tumor metabolism-related solute carrier (SLC) amino acid transporter including SLC7A5 and SLC7A11, lowered circulating IL-6 and IL-17A levels, and improved the accumulation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and cancer proliferation factors. These findings suggest that L. brevis CLB3 can reduce amino acid transport, inhibit mTOR signaling and enhance intestinal anti-tumor immune responses, which provides a potential targeting amino acid transporters strategy for preventing colorectal cancer.
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Bianconi D, Fabian E, Herac M, Kieler M, Thaler J, Prager G, Unseld M. Expression of CD98hc in Pancreatic Cancer and Its Role in Cancer Cell Behavior. J Cancer 2022; 13:2271-2280. [PMID: 35517419 PMCID: PMC9066202 DOI: 10.7150/jca.70500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cluster of differentiation 98 heavy chain (CD98hc) is a transmembrane protein, which functions both as a coreceptor of ß-integrins, enhancing intracellular integrin-dependent downstream signaling, and as a transporter of branched-chain and aromatic amino acids. As such, it is pivotal in cell cycle regulation and protection of oxidative, nutritional and DNA replication stress. Overexpression of CD98hc occurs widely in cancer cells and is associated with poor clinical prognosis. The role of CD98hc in pancreatic cancer remains to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to determine the expression of CD98hc in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and to define its potential functional role in cancer cell biology. Methods: Immunohistochemical staining for CD98hc was performed on 222 tissue samples of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. The pancreatic cancer cell lines PANC-1 and BxPC-3 were used to determine the effect of CD98hc expression on cancer cell behavior using cell adhesion, cell trans-migration and cell spreading assays. Flow cytometry was performed to study the rate of apoptosis after detachment or serum starvation. shRNA-lentiviral constructs were used to knock down or reconstitute full length or mutated CD98hc. Results: Up to 20% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas express CD98hc in the acinar cells (13%) and islet cells (20%) embedded in tumor tissue. Although expression of CD98hc in tumor tissue was not associated with a particular tumor stage or grade, our data show a trend towards longer overall survival of pancreatic cancer patients without CD98hc expression as compared to those with immunohistochemical positivity. In vitro downregulation of CD98hc in the pancreatic cancer cell lines PANC-1 and BxPC-3 significantly inhibits cell proliferation (p<0.05), self-renewal (p<0.05) and anchorage-independent growth (p<0.05). Conclusion: CD98hc is expressed in a remarkable percentage of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. Due to its important role in cell behavior and malignant cell transformation, it may be a promising molecular target for potential new therapeutic approaches in pancreatic cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Bianconi
- Division of Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Fabian
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Merima Herac
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Kieler
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Thaler
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald Prager
- Division of Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Unseld
- Division of Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Kurozumi S, Kaira K, Matsumoto H, Kurosumi M, Yokobori T, Kanai Y, Sekine C, Honda C, Katayama A, Furuya M, Shiino S, Makiguchi T, Mongan NP, Rakha EA, Oyama T, Fujii T, Shirabe K, Horiguchi J. Association of L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) with the immune system and prognosis in invasive breast cancer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2742. [PMID: 35177712 PMCID: PMC8854643 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06615-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1), also referred to as SLC7A5, is believed to regulate tumor metabolism and be associated with tumor proliferation. In invasive breast cancer, we clinicopathologically investigated the utility of LAT1 expression. LAT1 expression was evaluated via immunohistochemistry analyses in 250 breast cancer patients undergoing long-term follow-up. We assessed the relationships between LAT1 expression and patient outcomes and clinicopathological factors. Breast cancer-specific survival stratified by LAT1 expression was assessed. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive patients with metastasis received trastuzumab therapy. The density of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) was evaluated according to the International Working Group guidelines. In the current study, high LAT1 expression was significantly correlated with estrogen receptor (ER) negativity, progesterone receptor negativity, high histological grade, increased TILs, and programmed death ligand 1 positivity. Among the ER-positive and HER2-negative patients, high LAT1 was an independent indicator of poor outcomes (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.97; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.16-7.62; p = 0.023). Moreover, high LAT1 expression was an independent poor prognostic factor in luminal B-like breast cancer with aggressive features (HR = 3.39; 95% CI 1.35-8.52; p = 0.0094). In conclusion, high LAT1 expression could be used to identify a subgroup of invasive breast cancer characterized by aggressive behavior and high tumor immunoreaction. Our findings suggest that LAT1 might be a candidate therapeutic target for breast cancer patients, particularly those with luminal B-like type breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasagu Kurozumi
- Department of Breast Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare, 852, Hatakeda, Narita, Chiba, 286-8520, Japan. .,Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan.
| | - Kyoichi Kaira
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | | | | | - Takehiko Yokobori
- Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Kanai
- Division of Bio-System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chikako Sekine
- Department of Breast Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare, 852, Hatakeda, Narita, Chiba, 286-8520, Japan
| | - Chikako Honda
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Ayaka Katayama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Mio Furuya
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Sho Shiino
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Takaya Makiguchi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Plastic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Nigel P Mongan
- Biodiscovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Tetsunari Oyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takaaki Fujii
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Ken Shirabe
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Jun Horiguchi
- Department of Breast Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare, 852, Hatakeda, Narita, Chiba, 286-8520, Japan
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Nakazawa N, Sohda M, Ide M, Shimoda Y, Ubukata Y, Kuriyama K, Hara K, Sano A, Sakai M, Yokobori T, Ogawa H, Oyama T, Shirabe K, Saeki H. High L-Type Amino Acid Transporter 1 Levels Are Associated with Chemotherapeutic Resistance in Gastric Cancer Patients. Oncology 2021; 99:732-739. [PMID: 34392246 DOI: 10.1159/000517371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We investigated whether the expression of L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT-1) in clinical gastric cancer (GC) patients could predict patient therapeutic response to postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was used to investigate LAT-1, CD98, and phosphorylated-mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) expression in 111 GC patients. To clarify whether LAT-1 influences the therapeutic effects of chemotherapy, the correlation between disease-free survival rates and LAT-1 was determined in 2 groups: 59 patients who did not undergo postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and 52 patients who did undergo postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. RESULTS LAT-1 was significantly correlated with CD98 and p-mTOR expressions. We did not find any statistically significant correlation between LAT-1 and recurrence in the nontreated group. In contrast, a significant association was found between LAT-1 expression and disease-free survival in the chemotherapy group. Moreover, multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that LAT-1 was an independent predictor of disease-free survival in the postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy group (p = 0.012). CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that LAT-1 is a useful predictive marker for a successful postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Nakazawa
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Makoto Sohda
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Munenori Ide
- Department of Pathology, Japanese Red Cross Maebashi Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yuki Shimoda
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yasunari Ubukata
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kengo Kuriyama
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Keigo Hara
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Akihiko Sano
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Makoto Sakai
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokobori
- Division of Integrated Oncology Research, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hiroomi Ogawa
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Tetsunari Oyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Ken Shirabe
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Saeki
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
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Kanai Y. Amino acid transporter LAT1 (SLC7A5) as a molecular target for cancer diagnosis and therapeutics. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 230:107964. [PMID: 34390745 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells require a massive supply of nutrients, including sugars and amino acids-the upregulation of transporters for each nutrient contributes to meet the demand. Distinct from glucose transporters, amino acid transporters include ones whose expression is specific to cancer cells. For example, LAT1 (SLC7A5) displays protein expression mostly limited to the plasma membrane of cancer cells. The exceptions are the placental barrier and the blood-brain barrier, where immunohistochemical and mass spectrometric studies have shown LAT1 expression, although their levels are supposed to be lower than those in cancers. The expression of LAT1 has been reported in cancers from various tissue origins, where high LAT1 expression is related to the poor prognosis of patients. LAT1 is essential for cancer cell growth because the pharmacologic inhibition and knockdown/knockout of LAT1 suppress the proliferation of cancer cells and the growth of xenograft tumors. The inhibition of LAT1 suppresses protein synthesis by downregulating the mTORC1 signaling pathway and mobilizing the general amino acid control (GAAC) pathway in cancer cells. LAT1 is, thus, a candidate molecular target for the diagnosis and therapeutics of cancers. 18F-labeled 3-fluoro-l-α-methyl-tyrosine (FAMT) is used as a LAT1-specific PET probe for cancer detection due to the LAT1 specificity of α-methyl aromatic amino acids. FAMT accumulation is cancer-specific and avoids non-cancer lesions, including inflammation, confirming the cancer-specific expression of LAT1 in humans. Due to the cancer-specific nature, LAT1 can also be used for cancer-specific delivery of anti-tumor agents such as l-para-boronophenylalanine used for boron neutron capture therapy and α-emitting nuclide-labeled LAT1 substrates developed for nuclear medicine treatment. Based on the importance of LAT1 in cancer progression, high-affinity LAT1-specific inhibitors have been developed for anti-tumor drugs. JPH203 (KYT0353) is such a compound designed based on the structure-activity relationship of LAT1 ligands. It is one of the highest-affinity inhibitors with less affecting other transporters. It suppresses tumor growth in vivo without significant toxicity in preclinical studies at doses enough to suppress tumor growth. In the phase-I clinical trial, JPH203 appeared to provide promising activity. Because the mechanisms of action of LAT1 inhibitors are novel, with or without combination with other anti-tumor drugs, they could contribute to the treatment of cancers that do not respond to current therapy. The LAT1-specific PET probe could also be used as companion diagnostics of the LAT1-targeting therapies to select patients to whom therapeutic benefits could be expected. Recently, the cryo-EM structure of LAT1 has been solved, which would facilitate the understanding of the mechanisms of the dynamic interaction of ligands and the binding site, and further designing new compounds with higher activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikatsu Kanai
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Zhang C, Xu J, Xue S, Ye J. Prognostic Value of L-Type Amino Acid Transporter 1 (LAT1) in Various Cancers: A Meta-Analysis. Mol Diagn Ther 2021; 24:523-536. [PMID: 32410110 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-020-00470-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1, SLC7A5) is overexpressed in various types of cancer and has been thought to assist cancer progression through its uptake of neutral amino acids. However, the prognostic role of LAT1 in human cancers remains uncharacterized. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to determine the prognostic significance of LAT1 in various cancers. METHODS We systematically searched the PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, and WanFang databases to collect relevant cohort studies investigating the prognostic value of LAT1 expression in patients with cancer. Hazard ratios (HRs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled to clarify the association between the LAT1 expression and the survival of patients with cancer. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs were calculated to appraise the correlation between LAT1 and the clinicopathological characteristics in patients with cancer. RESULTS A total of 32 eligible articles, including 34 cohorts and 6410 patients, were enrolled in this meta-analysis. Our results demonstrated that high LAT1 expression was significantly associated with poor overall survival (HR = 1.66, 95% CI 1.41-1.96, P < 0.001), cancer-specific survival (HR = 1.64, 95% CI 1.31-2.05, P < 0.001), disease-free survival (HR = 1.55, 95% CI 1.31-1.83, P < 0.001), and progression-free survival (HR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.02-1.37, P = 0.026) in patients with cancer. In addition, we found that the elevated expression level of LAT1 was significantly related to certain phenotypes of tumor aggressiveness, such as tumor size, clinical stage, T stage, lymphatic invasion, vascular invasion, tumor differentiation, Ki-67, CD34, CD98, p53, and system ASC amino acid transporter-2. CONCLUSIONS Elevated expression of LAT1 is associated with poor prognosis in human cancers and may serve as a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target for patients with malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanmeng Zhang
- The Center for Translational Medicine, Taizhou People's Hospital, Affiliated 5 to Nantong University, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jie Xu
- The Center for Translational Medicine, Taizhou People's Hospital, Affiliated 5 to Nantong University, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shanshan Xue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou People's Hospital, Affiliated 5 to Nantong University, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jun Ye
- The Center for Translational Medicine, Taizhou People's Hospital, Affiliated 5 to Nantong University, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu Province, China.
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SLC1A5 co-expression with TALDO1 associates with endocrine therapy failure in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 189:317-331. [PMID: 34282517 PMCID: PMC8357718 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06298-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Identification of effective biomarkers for the benefit of endocrine treatment and understanding the molecular pathways that contribute to the development of resistance are of crucial importance to the management of luminal breast cancer. The amino acid transporter SLC1A5 has emerging importance as a prognostic marker and potential therapeutic target in various types of cancer. This study aims to investigate its role in luminal breast cancer as a potential predictive marker for endocrine treatment. Methods SLC1A5 expression was assessed at the transcriptomic and proteomic levels in large, well-characterized cohorts of luminal breast cancer. The sensitivity to endocrine therapy after SLC1A5 knockdown was investigated in vitro, using MCF7 and MDA-MB-175 cell lines. Bioinformatic analyses were performed to study the interacting networks of SLC1A5 and to identify a key co-expressed gene with SLC1A5. Results Here, we showed that patients with tumors that highly expressed SLC1A5 associated with a high risk of relapse after endocrine treatment. In vitro, depletion of SLC1A5 increases the sensitivity of luminal breast cancer cells to tamoxifen. TALDO1 was identified as key co-expressed gene with SLC1A5, and in vitro knockdown of SLC1A5 showed reduction in TALDO1 expression. Indeed, TALDO1 was associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients who were subject to endocrine therapy. Conclusion These findings suggest that metabolic alterations, particularly the interaction between the key amino acid transporter SLC1A5 and metabolic enzyme TALDO1, could affect the sensitivity of endocrine therapy. This study demonstrated the prognostic value of both SLC1A5 and TALDO1 as biomarkers in luminal breast cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10549-021-06298-1.
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21
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Highly Specific L-Type Amino Acid Transporter 1 Inhibition by JPH203 as a Potential Pan-Cancer Treatment. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9071170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Accelerated cancer cell growth requires a massive intake of amino acids. Overexpression of L-type (large) amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) on the cancer cell membrane facilitates such a demand, which is limited in normal organs. Therefore, LAT1 overexpression is ideal as a molecular cancer therapeutic target. JPH203, a LAT1-selective non-transportable blocker, had demonstrated LAT1 inhibition in <10 µM IC50 values and effectively suppressed cancer cell growth in studies involving several types of cancer cell lines and tumor xenograft models. A limited phase I clinical trial was performed on five different solid tumors and showed that JPH203 is well-tolerated and has a promising activity for the treatment of bile duct cancer. This review details the development and prospect of JPH203 as a LAT1-targeting cancer therapy.
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Horita Y, Kaira K, Kawasaki T, Mihara Y, Sakuramoto S, Yamaguchi S, Okamoto K, Ryozawa S, Kanai Y, Yasuda M, Hamaguchi T. Expression of LAT1 and 4F2hc in Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms. In Vivo 2021; 35:2425-2432. [PMID: 34182526 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Little is known about the expression of L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) and 4F2hc in gastroenteropancreatic-neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs). Hence, we conducted a study to verify the clinicopathological significance of LAT1 and 4F2hc. PATIENTS AND METHODS Tissues from 126 patients with GEP-NENs were collected between August 2007 and August 2019 at our institution. We evaluated LAT1 and 4F2hc expression by immunohistochemistry, and examined their clinical significance. RESULTS No statistically significant associations were observed between LAT1 expression and the different NENs. Expression of 4F2hc was significantly different between neuroendocrine tumour (NET)-G1, NET-G2, and NET-G3 (p=0.029), and was significantly associated with vascular invasion (p=0.044) and the Ki-67 index (p=0.042). CONCLUSION No association between LAT1 expression and malignant features in GEP-NENs was observed. However, an association between 4F2hc expression and the potential of malignancy in GEP-NENs was evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Horita
- Department of Gastroenterological Oncology, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan;
| | - Kyoichi Kaira
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan;
| | - Tomonori Kawasaki
- Department of Pathology, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Mihara
- Department of Gastroenterological Oncology, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sakuramoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shigeki Yamaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kojun Okamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shomei Ryozawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Kanai
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masanori Yasuda
- Department of Pathology, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hamaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Oncology, International Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
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The heavy chain of 4F2 antigen promote prostate cancer progression via SKP-2. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11478. [PMID: 34075107 PMCID: PMC8169706 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90748-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The 4F2 cell-surface antigen heavy chain (4F2hc) forms a heterodimeric complex with L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) and transports large neutral essential amino acids. However, in contrast to the traditional role of LAT1 in various cancers, the role of 4F2hc has largely remained unknown. The role of 4F2hc in prostate cancer was studied. Treatment of C4-2 cells with si4F2hc was found to suppress cellular growth, migratory and invasive abilities, with this effect occurring through the cell cycle, with a significant decrease in S phase and a significant increase in G0/G1 phase, suggesting cell cycle arrest. In addition, it was proven by RNA seq that the key to 4F2hc’s impact on cancer is SKP2. si4F2hc upregulates the protein expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (P21cip1, P27kip1) through the downstream target SKP2. Furthermore, the expression of 4F2hc and LAT1 in prostate cancer cells suggests the importance of 4F2hc. Multivariate analysis showed that high 4F2hc expression was an independent prognostic factor for progression-free survival (HR 11.54, p = 0.0357). High 4F2hc was related to the clinical tumour stage (p = 0.0255) and Gleason score (p = 0.0035). Collectively, 4F2hc contributed significantly to prostate cancer (PC) progression. 4F2hc may be a novel marker and therapeutic target in PC.
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Yamada K, Masuda K, Ida S, Tada H, Bando M, Abe K, Tatematsu KI, Sezutsu H, Oyama T, Chikamatsu K, Takeda S. In vitro assessment of antitumor immune responses using tumor antigen proteins produced by transgenic silkworms. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2021; 32:58. [PMID: 33999320 PMCID: PMC8128804 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-021-06526-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation of antitumor immune responses is essential for immune monitoring to predict clinical outcomes as well as treatment efficacies in cancer patients. In this study, we produced two tumor antigen (TA) proteins, melanoma antigen family A4 and wild type p53, using TG silkworm systems and evaluated anti-TA-specific immune responses by enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assays in patients with head and neck cancer. Eleven (61.1%) of 18 patients showed significant IFN-γ production in response to at least one TA; however, the presence of TA-specific immune responses did not significantly contribute to better prognosis (overall survival, p = 0.1768; progression-free survival, p = 0.4507). Further studies will need to be performed on a larger scale to better assess the clinical significance of these systems. The production of multiple TA proteins may provide new avenues for the development of immunotherapeutic strategies to stimulate a potent and specific immune response against tumor cells as well as precise assessment of antitumor immune responses in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanae Yamada
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Division of Molecular Science, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan
| | - Kei Masuda
- Department of Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Shota Ida
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroe Tada
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Minori Bando
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Division of Molecular Science, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan
| | - Kanako Abe
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Division of Molecular Science, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Tatematsu
- Transgenic Silkworm Research Unit, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan
| | - Hideki Sezutsu
- Transgenic Silkworm Research Unit, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan
| | - Tetsunari Oyama
- Department of Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Chikamatsu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.
| | - Shigeki Takeda
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Division of Molecular Science, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan.
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Li Y, Wang W, Wu X, Ling S, Ma Y, Huang P. SLC7A5 serves as a prognostic factor of breast cancer and promotes cell proliferation through activating AKT/mTORC1 signaling pathway. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:892. [PMID: 34164526 PMCID: PMC8184433 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-2247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background The purpose of our research was to determine if the clinical, pathological, and prognostic functions of SLC7A5 are the same as those of other molecular breast cancer (BC) subgroups. Methods We used the Oncomine and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) online databases to examine the expression and genetic changes of SLC7A5 in BC tissues. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to validate the SLC7A5 protein expression in subtypes of BC, while Kaplan-Meier figures and log-rank tests were used to evaluate the prognostic relevance of SLC7A5. Uni- and multivariate Cox regression models were adapted to analyze hazard ratios (HRs) and the independent prognostic factors. We analyzed the alterations of different malignancies of luminal cells by up-regulation of SLC7A5 in human luminal cell lines MCF-7. SLC7A5 was overexpressed in luminal cells, and then the AKT, mTOR, and p70-S6K phosphorylation and expression were analyzed by western blot analysis and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results Our results suggested that SLC7A5 was overexpressed in BC cell lines and in patients’ tissues. Elevated SLC7A5 messenger RNA (mRNA) and SLC7A5 protein expression was correlated to a worse clinical prognosis (P<0.001) in luminal subtypes of BC. The multivariate analysis suggested that high level of SLC7A5 expression could be an independent prognostic factor for decreased overall survival (OS). The study also demonstrated that SLC7A5 overexpression increased proliferation of MCF-7 cells by reducing the cell cycle arrest in G1 phase. Our mechanistic study further indicates that SLC7A5 enhances the proliferation of the MCF-7 cell by activation of AKT/mTORC1 pathway through phosphorylation. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that SLC7A5 may have a vital function in the biology of BC cells, indicating that SLC7A5 is a potential prognostic biomarker and may be a valuable therapeutic target in BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue Wu
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sunkai Ling
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Ma
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peilin Huang
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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26
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Aronia melanocarpa Elliot anthocyanins inhibit colon cancer by regulating glutamine metabolism. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.100910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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27
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Bailly C. Anticancer Properties of Lobetyolin, an Essential Component of Radix Codonopsis (Dangshen). NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2021; 11:143-153. [PMID: 33161560 PMCID: PMC7981376 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-020-00283-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Lobetyolin (LBT) is a polyacetylene glycoside found in diverse medicinal plants but mainly isolated from the roots of Codonopsis pilosula, known as Radix Codonopsis or Dangshen. Twelve traditional Chinese medicinal preparations containing Radix Codonopsis were identified; they are generally used to tonify spleen and lung Qi and occasionally to treat cancer. Here we have reviewed the anticancer properties of Codonopsis extracts, LBT and structural analogs. Lobetyolin and lobetyolinin are the mono- and bis-glucosylated forms of the polyacetylenic compound lobetyol. Lobetyol and LBT have shown activities against several types of cancer (notably gastric cancer) and we examined the molecular basis of their activity. A down-regulation of glutamine metabolism by LBT has been evidenced, contributing to drug-induced apoptosis and tumor growth inhibition. LBT markedly reduces both mRNA and protein expression of the amino acid transporter Alanine-Serine-Cysteine Transporter 2 (ASCT2). Other potential targets are proposed here, based on the structural analogy with other anticancer compounds. LBT and related polyacetylene glycosides should be further considered as potential anticancer agents, but more work is needed to evaluate their efficacy, toxicity, and risk-benefit ratio.
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Teixeira E, Silva C, Martel F. The role of the glutamine transporter ASCT2 in antineoplastic therapy. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2021; 87:447-464. [PMID: 33464409 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-020-04218-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells are metabolically reprogrammed to support their high rates of proliferation, continuous growth, survival, invasion, metastasis, and resistance to cancer treatments. Among changes in cancer cell bioenergetics, the role of glutamine metabolism has been receiving increasing attention. Increased glutaminolysis in cancer cells is associated with increased expression of membrane transporters that mediate the cellular uptake of glutamine. ASCT2 (Alanine, Serine, Cysteine Transporter 2) is a Na+-dependent transmembrane transporter overexpressed in cancer cells and considered to be the primary transporter for glutamine in these cells. The possibility of inhibiting ASCT2 for antineoplastic therapy is currently under investigation. In this article, we will present the pharmacological agents currently known to act on ASCT2, which have been attracting attention in antineoplastic therapy research. We will also address the impact of ASCT2 inhibition on the prognosis of some cancers. We conclude that ASCT2 inhibition and combination of ASCT2 inhibitors with other anti-tumor therapies may be a promising antineoplastic strategy. However, more research is needed in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefânia Teixeira
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Silva
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação E Inovação Em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Martel
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.
- Instituto de Investigação E Inovação Em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Fairweather SJ, Shah N, Brӧer S. Heteromeric Solute Carriers: Function, Structure, Pathology and Pharmacology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 21:13-127. [PMID: 33052588 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2020_584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Solute carriers form one of three major superfamilies of membrane transporters in humans, and include uniporters, exchangers and symporters. Following several decades of molecular characterisation, multiple solute carriers that form obligatory heteromers with unrelated subunits are emerging as a distinctive principle of membrane transporter assembly. Here we comprehensively review experimentally established heteromeric solute carriers: SLC3-SLC7 amino acid exchangers, SLC16 monocarboxylate/H+ symporters and basigin/embigin, SLC4A1 (AE1) and glycophorin A exchanger, SLC51 heteromer Ost α-Ost β uniporter, and SLC6 heteromeric symporters. The review covers the history of the heteromer discovery, transporter physiology, structure, disease associations and pharmacology - all with a focus on the heteromeric assembly. The cellular locations, requirements for complex formation, and the functional role of dimerization are extensively detailed, including analysis of the first complete heteromer structures, the SLC7-SLC3 family transporters LAT1-4F2hc, b0,+AT-rBAT and the SLC6 family heteromer B0AT1-ACE2. We present a systematic analysis of the structural and functional aspects of heteromeric solute carriers and conclude with common principles of their functional roles and structural architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Fairweather
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia. .,Resarch School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
| | - Nishank Shah
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Stefan Brӧer
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
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Lopes C, Pereira C, Medeiros R. ASCT2 and LAT1 Contribution to the Hallmarks of Cancer: From a Molecular Perspective to Clinical Translation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020203. [PMID: 33429909 PMCID: PMC7828050 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of the amino acid transporters ASCT2 and LAT1 in cancer has been explored throughout the years. In this review, we report their impact on the hallmarks of cancer, as well as their clinical significance. Overall, both proteins have been associated with cell death resistance through dysregulation of caspases and sustainment of proliferative signaling through mTOR activation. Furthermore, ASCT2 appears to play an important role in cellular energetics regulation, whereas LAT1 expression is associated with angiogenesis and invasion and metastasis activation. The molecular impact of these proteins on the hallmarks of cancer translates into various clinical applications and both transporters have been identified as prognostic factors in many types of cancer. Concerning their role as therapeutic targets, efforts have been undertaken to synthesize competitive or irreversible ASCT2 and LAT1 inhibitors. However, JHP203, a selective inhibitor of the latter, is, to the best of our knowledge, the only compound included in a Phase 1 clinical trial. In conclusion, considering the usefulness of ASCT2 and LAT1 in a variety of cancer-related pathways and cancer therapy/diagnosis, the development and testing of novel inhibitors for these transporters that could be evaluated in clinical trials represents a promising approach to cancer prognosis improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Lopes
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.L.); (R.M.)
| | - Carina Pereira
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.L.); (R.M.)
- CINTESIS—Center for Health Technology and Services Research, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-225-084-000; Fax: +351-225-084-001
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.L.); (R.M.)
- Research Department of the Portuguese League Against Cancer—North (LPCC-NRNorte), Estrada da Circunvalação, 4200-177 Porto, Portugal
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Semaphorin 4A restricts tumor progression by inhibiting angiogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. Tissue Cell 2021; 69:101485. [PMID: 33460983 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of Semaphorin 4A (Sema4A) on the angiogenesis, migration and invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells. METHODS Sema4A expression in OSCC patients was detected by Immunohistochemistry, and its relationship with clinicopathological features and prognosis of patients was analyzed. The mRNA and protein expression of Sema4A in primary human oral keratinocytes (HOKs) and OSCC cells (SCC-25, HSC-3, CAL-27) were determined by Western blotting and qRT-PCR. After HOKs, HSC-3 cells and SCC-25 cells transfected with Control/Sema4A CRISPR activation plasmid, the migration and invasion abilities were detected by Wound healing and Transwell invasion. Tube formation assay was also performed on endothelial cells and the contents of VEGF and bFGF were quantified using qRT-PCR and ELISA. RESULTS Cytoplasmic Sema4A expression was related to T classification, clinical stage and nodal metastasis of OSCC patients. Patients with low cytoplasmic Sema4A expression showed the higher microvessel density (MVD) and the poorer prognosis in OSCC. Compared with HOK, OSCC cells (SCC-25, HSC-3, CAL-27) declined apparently in Sema4A expression, which was much more significant in metastatic HSC-3 and SCC-25 cells. After HOKs, HSC-3 cells and SCC-25 cells transfected with Sema4A over-expression plasmid, the invasion and migration abilities were decreased. Besides, overexpression of Sema4A could significantly inhibit the tube formation of HUVEC induced by OSCC cells with reductions of angiogenic factors (VEGF and bFGF). CONCLUSION Over-expression of Sema4A could restrict tumor progression through inhibiting the angiogenesis, invasion and migration of OSCC cells.
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The Harmonious Interplay of Amino Acid and Monocarboxylate Transporters Induces the Robustness of Cancer Cells. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11010027. [PMID: 33401672 PMCID: PMC7823946 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence that metabolic reprogramming contributes to the acquisition and maintenance of robustness associated with malignancy. The fine regulation of expression levels of amino acid and monocarboxylate transporters enables cancer cells to exhibit the metabolic reprogramming that is responsible for therapeutic resistance. Amino acid transporters characterized by xCT (SLC7A11), ASCT2 (SLC1A5), and LAT1 (SLC7A5) function in the uptake and export of amino acids such as cystine and glutamine, thereby regulating glutathione synthesis, autophagy, and glutaminolysis. CD44 variant, a cancer stem-like cell marker, stabilizes the xCT antiporter at the cellular membrane, and tumor cells positive for xCT and/or ASCT2 are susceptible to sulfasalazine, a system Xc(-) inhibitor. Inhibiting the interaction between LAT1 and CD98 heavy chain prevents activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 by glutamine and leucine. mTOR signaling regulated by LAT1 is a sensor of dynamic alterations in the nutrient tumor microenvironment. LAT1 is overexpressed in various malignancies and positively correlated with poor clinical outcome. Metabolic reprogramming of glutamine occurs often in cancer cells and manifests as ASCT2-mediated glutamine addiction. Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) mediate metabolic symbiosis, by which lactate in cancer cells under hypoxia is exported through MCT4 and imported by MCT1 in less hypoxic regions, where it is used as an oxidative metabolite. Differential expression patterns of transporters cause functional intratumoral heterogeneity leading to the therapeutic resistance. Therefore, metabolic reprogramming based on these transporters may be a promising therapeutic target. This review highlights the pathological function and therapeutic targets of transporters including xCT, ASCT2, LAT1, and MCT.
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Okanishi H, Ohgaki R, Okuda S, Endou H, Kanai Y. Proteomics and phosphoproteomics reveal key regulators associated with cytostatic effect of amino acid transporter LAT1 inhibitor. Cancer Sci 2020; 112:871-883. [PMID: 33264461 PMCID: PMC7893994 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
L‐type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) is highly expressed in various cancers and plays important roles not only in the amino acid uptake necessary for cancer growth but also in cellular signaling. Recent research studies have reported anticancer effects of LAT1 inhibitors and demonstrated their potential for cancer therapy. Here, we characterized the proteome and phosphoproteome in LAT1‐inhibited cancer cells. We used JPH203, a selective LAT1 inhibitor, and performed tandem mass tag–based quantitative proteomics and phosphoproteomics on four biliary tract cancer cell lines sensitive to JPH203. Our analysis identified hundreds to thousands of differentially expressed proteins and phosphorylated sites, demonstrating the broad influence of LAT1 inhibition. Our findings showed various functional pathways altered by LAT1 inhibition, and provided possible regulators and key kinases in LAT1‐inhibited cells. Comparison of these changes among cell lines provides insights into general pathways and regulators associated with LAT1 inhibition and particularly suggests the importance of cell cycle–related pathways and kinases. Moreover, we evaluated the anticancer effects of the combinations of JPH203 with cell cycle–related kinase inhibitors and demonstrated their potential for cancer therapy. This is the first study providing the proteome‐wide scope of both protein expression and phosphorylation signaling perturbed by LAT1 inhibition in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Okanishi
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Ohgaki
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiative (OTRI), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Suguru Okuda
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Yoshikatsu Kanai
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiative (OTRI), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Zhang J, Xu Y, Li D, Fu L, Zhang X, Bao Y, Zheng L. Review of the Correlation of LAT1 With Diseases: Mechanism and Treatment. Front Chem 2020; 8:564809. [PMID: 33195053 PMCID: PMC7606929 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.564809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
LAT1 is a member of the system L transporter family. The main role of the LAT1 is to transport specific amino acids through cell membranes to provide nutrients to cells and participate in several metabolic pathways. It also contributes to the transport of hormones and some drugs, which are essential for the development and treatment of some diseases. In recent years, many studies have shown that LAT1 is related to cancer, obesity, diabetes, and other diseases. However, the specific mechanism underlying the influence of LAT1 on such conditions remains unclear. Through the increasing number of studies on LAT1, we have obtained a preliminary understanding on the function of LAT1 in diseases. These studies also provide a theoretical basis for finding treatments for LAT1-related diseases, such as cancer. This review summarizes the function and mechanism of LAT1 in different diseases and the treatment of LAT1-related diseases. It also provides support for the development of novel and reliable disease treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshun Zhang
- Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lulu Fu
- Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yigang Bao
- Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lianwen Zheng
- Reproductive Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Ichinoe M, Mikami T, Yanagisawa N, Yoshida T, Hana K, Endou H, Okayasu I, Sengoku N, Ogata H, Saegusa M, Shibuya K, Murakumo Y. Prognostic values of L-type amino acid transporter 1 and CD98hc expression in breast cancer. J Clin Pathol 2020; 74:589-595. [PMID: 32907912 PMCID: PMC8380907 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2020-206457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIMS L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) is a major Na+-independent neutral amino acid transporter, forming a complex with CD98hc. The aim of this study is to investigate the significance of LAT1 and CD98hc in invasive breast cancer. METHODS LAT1 and CD98hc expression was immunohistochemically assessed in 280 invasive breast cancers and analysed for association with clinicopathological features. RESULTS High levels of LAT1 and CD98hc were observed in triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) possessing negative immunoreactivity with oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, compared with non-TNBCs (NTNBCs), and were associated with lymph-node metastasis and higher nuclear grade. The high-LAT1-expression group showed a poor prognosis in NTNBC and TNBC, however, high-CD98hc-expression group showed a poor prognosis only in NTNBC. LAT1 and CD98hc expression could be the prognostic factors in univariate analyses, but not in multivariate analyses. Further, we found that invasive tumour components showed higher LAT1 and CD98hc expression than non-invasive tumour components. CONCLUSIONS LAT1 and CD98hc may possess prognostic values in invasive breast cancer. LAT1 may be linked with cancer cell activities and disease progression in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Ichinoe
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tetuo Mikami
- Department of Pathology, Toho University School of Medicine, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Yanagisawa
- Department of Pathology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine Yokohama-City Seibu Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Yoshida
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | - Isao Okayasu
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Norihiko Sengoku
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideaki Ogata
- Department of Surgery, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Saegusa
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Shibuya
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Toho University School of Medicine, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Murakumo
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
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Scalise M, Console L, Rovella F, Galluccio M, Pochini L, Indiveri C. Membrane Transporters for Amino Acids as Players of Cancer Metabolic Rewiring. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092028. [PMID: 32899180 PMCID: PMC7565710 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells perform a metabolic rewiring to sustain an increased growth rate and compensate for the redox stress caused by augmented energy metabolism. The metabolic changes are not the same in all cancers. Some features, however, are considered hallmarks of this disease. As an example, all cancer cells rewire the amino acid metabolism for fulfilling both the energy demand and the changed signaling routes. In these altered conditions, some amino acids are more frequently used than others. In any case, the prerequisite for amino acid utilization is the presence of specific transporters in the cell membrane that can guarantee the absorption and the traffic of amino acids among tissues. Tumor cells preferentially use some of these transporters for satisfying their needs. The evidence for this phenomenon is the over-expression of selected transporters, associated with specific cancer types. The knowledge of the link between the over-expression and the metabolic rewiring is crucial for understanding the molecular mechanism of reprogramming in cancer cells. The continuous growth of information on structure-function relationships and the regulation of transporters will open novel perspectives in the fight against human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariafrancesca Scalise
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (M.S.); (L.C.); (F.R.); (M.G.); (L.P.)
| | - Lara Console
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (M.S.); (L.C.); (F.R.); (M.G.); (L.P.)
| | - Filomena Rovella
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (M.S.); (L.C.); (F.R.); (M.G.); (L.P.)
| | - Michele Galluccio
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (M.S.); (L.C.); (F.R.); (M.G.); (L.P.)
| | - Lorena Pochini
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (M.S.); (L.C.); (F.R.); (M.G.); (L.P.)
| | - Cesare Indiveri
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra), University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (M.S.); (L.C.); (F.R.); (M.G.); (L.P.)
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM) via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-09-8449-2939
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18F-Fluciclovine PET/MRI in a Patient With Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix Correlated With 18F-FDG PET/CT. Clin Nucl Med 2020; 45:802-804. [DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000003139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Baguet T, Bouton J, Janssens J, Pauwelyn G, Verhoeven J, Descamps B, Van Calenbergh S, Vanhove C, De Vos F. Radiosynthesis, in vitro and preliminary biological evaluation of [ 18 F]2-amino-4-((2-((3-fluorobenzyl)oxy)benzyl)(2-((3-(fluoromethyl)benzyl)oxy)benzyl)amino)butanoic acid, a novel alanine serine cysteine transporter 2 inhibitor-based positron emission tomography tracer. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2020; 63:442-455. [PMID: 32472945 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic alterations in tumors make it possible to visualize the latter by means of positron emission tomography, enabling diagnosis and providing metabolic information. The alanine serine cysteine transporter-2 (ASCT-2) is the main transporter of glutamine and is upregulated in several tumors. Therefore, a good positron emission tracer targeting this transport protein would have substantial value. Hence, the aim of this study is to develop a fluorine-18-labeled version of a V-9302 analogue, one of the most potent inhibitors of ASCT-2. The precursor was labeled with fluorine-18 via a nucleophilic substitution of the corresponding benzylic bromide. The cold reference product was subjected to in vitro assays with [3 H]glutamine in a PC-3 and F98 cell line to determine the affinity for both the human and rat ASCT-2. To evaluate the tracer potential dynamic μPET, images were acquired in a mouse xenograft model for prostate cancer. The tracer could be synthesized with an overall nondecay corrected yield of 3.66 ± 1.90%. in vitro experiments show inhibitor constants Ki of 90 and 125 μM for the PC-3 and F98 cells, respectively. The experiments in the PC-3 xenograft demonstrate a low uptake in the tumor tissue. We have successfully synthesized the radiotracer [18 F]2-amino-4-((2-((3-fluorobenzyl)oxy)benzyl)(2-((3-(fluoromethyl)benzyl)oxy)benzyl)amino)butanoic acid. in vitro experiments show a good affinity for both the human and rat ASCT-2. However, the tracer suffers from poor in vivo tumor uptake in the PC-3 model. Briefly, we present the first fluorine-18-labeled derivative of compound V-9302, a promising novel ASCT-2 blocker used for inhibition of tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Baguet
- Laboratory of Radiopharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jakob Bouton
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jonas Janssens
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Glenn Pauwelyn
- Laboratory of Radiopharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Benedicte Descamps
- IBiTech-MEDISIP, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Christian Vanhove
- IBiTech-MEDISIP, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip De Vos
- Laboratory of Radiopharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Prognostic value of LAT-1 status in solid cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233629. [PMID: 32469987 PMCID: PMC7259771 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The expression of the L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) plays a significant role in tumor progression. However, it remains unclear whether high LAT1 expression correlates with poor prognosis of solid tumor patients. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis to assess the potential of LAT1 in predicting the prognosis of tumor patients. Methods and findings A total of 4,579 cases were analyzed from 35 qualified studies. In patients with solid tumors, elevated expression of LAT1 is associated with poor prognosis (overall survival [OS]: pooled hazard ratio (HR) = 1.848, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.620–2.108, P < 0.001; disease free survival [DFS]: pooled HR = 1.923, 95% CI = 1.585–2.333, P < 0.001; progression free survival [PFS]: pooled HR = 1.345, 95% CI = 1.133–1.597, P = 0.001). Furthermore, in subgroup analysis, we found an association between high LAT1 expression and poor OS in non-small cell lung cancer (HR = 1.554, 95% CI = 1.345–1.794, P < 0.001), pancreatic cancer (HR = 2.052, 95% CI = 1.613–2.724, P < 0.001) and biliary tract cancer (HR = 2.253, 95% CI = 1.562–3.227, P < 0.001). Conclusion The results of this meta-analysis indicate the reliability and potential of using LAT1 expression as a predictive biomarker in solid cancers prior to treatment. However, further studies with larger sample sizes would be beneficial for fully evaluating the predictive value of LAT1 expression for clinical applications.
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Non-Coding RNAs as Key Regulators of Glutaminolysis in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082872. [PMID: 32326003 PMCID: PMC7216265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells exhibit exacerbated metabolic activity to maintain their accelerated proliferation and microenvironmental adaptation in order to survive under nutrient-deficient conditions. Tumors display an increase in glycolysis, glutaminolysis and fatty acid biosynthesis, which provide their energy source. Glutamine is critical for fundamental cellular processes, where intermediate metabolites produced through glutaminolysis are necessary for the maintenance of mitochondrial metabolism. These include antioxidants to remove reactive oxygen species, and the generation of the nonessential amino acids, purines, pyrimidines and fatty acids required for cellular replication and the activation of cell signaling. Some cancer cells are highly dependent on glutamine consumption since its catabolism provides an anaplerotic pathway to feed the Krebs cycle. Intermediate members of the glutaminolysis pathway have been found to be deregulated in several types of cancers and have been proposed as therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers. This review summarizes the main players in the glutaminolysis pathway, how they have been found to be deregulated in cancer and their implications for cancer maintenance. Furthermore, non-coding RNAs are now recognized as new participants in the regulation of glutaminolysis; therefore, their involvement in glutamine metabolism in cancer is discussed in detail.
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Okano N, Naruge D, Kawai K, Kobayashi T, Nagashima F, Endou H, Furuse J. First-in-human phase I study of JPH203, an L-type amino acid transporter 1 inhibitor, in patients with advanced solid tumors. Invest New Drugs 2020; 38:1495-1506. [PMID: 32198649 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-020-00924-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This open-label first-in-human study evaluated JPH203, which is a novel selective L-type amino acid transporter 1 inhibitor. We also evaluated the association between the N-acetyltransferase 2 phenotype and outcomes. Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors received daily intravenous JPH203 treatment for 7 days, followed by a 21-day rest period, at escalating doses of 12-85 mg/m2. Dose-limiting toxicities were evaluated during the first cycle using a 3 + 3 design. The study enrolled 17 patients, although grade 3 liver dysfunction was detected in one of six patients receiving 60 mg/m2 and in the first patient to receive 85 mg/m2. Further enrollment was terminated and the maximum tolerated dose was defined as 60 mg/m2. The AUC∞ increased between 12 mg/m2 and 25 mg/m2, although no differences were observed at 25-40 mg/m2. Partial response was observed for one patient with biliary tract cancer (BTC) at the 12 mg/m2 dose, and disease control was achieved by 3 of 6 patients at the 12 mg/m2 and 25 mg/m2 dose levels. Based on these results, we recommend a phase II dose of 25 mg/m2. The disease control rate for BTC was 60%. Two patients with grade 3 liver dysfunction had the rapid N-acetyltransferase 2 phenotype, and disease control was more common for the non-rapid phenotype (50% vs. 12.5%). It appears that JPH203 was well-tolerated and provided promising activity against BTC. The N-acetyltransferase 2 phenotype might help predict the safety and efficacy of JPH203. Clinical trial registration: UMIN000016546.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Okano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, 6-20-2, Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Naruge
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, 6-20-2, Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Kirio Kawai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, 6-20-2, Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Takaaki Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, 6-20-2, Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Fumio Nagashima
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, 6-20-2, Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | | | - Junji Furuse
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, 6-20-2, Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
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Luo Y, Li W, Ling Z, Hu Q, Fan Z, Cheng B, Tao X. ASCT2 overexpression is associated with poor survival of OSCC patients and ASCT2 knockdown inhibited growth of glutamine-addicted OSCC cells. Cancer Med 2020; 9:3489-3499. [PMID: 32162845 PMCID: PMC7221297 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alanine‐serine‐cysteine transporter 2 (ASCT2), a major glutamine transporter, is essential for cell growth and tumor development in a variety of cancers. However, the clinicopathological significance and pathological role of ASCT2 in OSCC (oral squamous cell carcinoma) lesions remain unclear. Methods Sections from 89 OSCC patients and 10 paracancerous tissue controls were stained by immunohistochemistry (IHC) to detect the expression of ASCT2, glutaminase, and Ki‐67. Survival analysis was carried out to determine the predictive value of ASCT2 expression using the log‐rank test. Moreover, the critical role of ASCT2 in tumor growth was determined by a series of in vitro and in vivo assays. Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK8), Western Blotting (WB), Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), and Glutathione (GSH) detection were applied to explore the molecular mechanism of ASCT2 involvement in tumor development. Results In OSCC lesions, ASCT2 expression was significantly increased and associated with cell proliferation index (Ki‐67) and GLS expression. Moreover, survival analysis showed that OSCC patients with high ASCT2 expression had lower overall survival (P = 0.0365). In OSCC cell lines, the high level of ASCT2 was inherent and related to the glutamine addiction of tumor cells. In vitro and in vivo functional experiments revealed that targeted silencing of ASCT2 can effectively inhibit OSCC cell proliferation and tumor growth. Mechanistically, targeting ASCT2 knockdown reduced glutamine uptake and intracellular GSH levels, which contribute to the accumulation of ROS and induce apoptosis in OSCC cells. Conclusion ASCT2 is a significant factor for predicting overall survival in patients with OSCC, and targeting ASCT2 to inhibit glutamine metabolism may be a promising strategy for OSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Medicine, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Medicine, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zihang Ling
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Medicine, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qinchao Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Medicine, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Fan
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bin Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Medicine, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoan Tao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral Medicine, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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Correlation of high LAT1 expression with the prognosis of endometrioid carcinoma of the uterine corpus. Virchows Arch 2020; 477:421-427. [PMID: 32144539 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-020-02781-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The expression of L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) has been described to play essential roles in cancer cell growth and survival. To determine the significance of LAT1 in the prognosis of endometrial endometrioid carcinoma, we investigated LAT1 expression in 353 endometrioid carcinoma patients by immunohistochemical analysis using tissue microarray. The tumors in which stained tumor cells made up more than 25% of the tumor were graded as high expression. High expression of LAT1 was detected in 29 (8.2%) of patients. The ratio of high LAT1 expression did not significantly differ by age (< 60 vs. ≥ 60), FIGO stage (stage I/II vs. III/IV), histological grade (grade 1 vs. grade 2/3), or lymph node metastasis (positive vs. negative). However, high LAT1 expression in endometrioid carcinoma was associated with a poorer progression-free survival and overall survival, as per the results of the log-rank test (P = 0.0263 and 0.0404, respectively). Cox univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that high LAT1 expression is an independent marker of poor progression-free survival (hazard ratio = 2.598, P = 0.0137), in addition to a higher age (≥ 60 years vs. < 60 years), FIGO stage (stage III/IV vs. I/II), and histological grade (grade 2/3 vs. grade 1). In conclusion, we demonstrate that LAT1 is associated with a poor prognosis of endometrioid carcinoma of the uterine corpus.
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He W, Tao W, Zhang F, Jie Q, He Y, Zhu W, Tan J, Shen W, Li L, Yang Y, Cheng H, Sun D. Lobetyolin induces apoptosis of colon cancer cells by inhibiting glutamine metabolism. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:3359-3369. [PMID: 31990147 PMCID: PMC7131919 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the anti‐cancer property of Lobetyolin on colorectal cancer and explore its potential mechanism. Lobetyolin was incubated with HCT‐116 cells in the absence or presence of ASCT2 inhibitor Benser or p53 inhibitor Pifithrin‐α. The levels of glutamine, glutamic acid, α‐ketoglutarate, ATP and GSH were determined to measure the glutamine metabolism. Annexin V‐FITC/PI staining and TUNEL assay were applied to estimate the apoptotic condition. The levels of ASCT2 were examined by RT‐qPCR, Western blot and immunofluorescence staining. The expressions of cleaved‐caspase‐3, caspase‐3, cleaved‐caspase‐7, caspase‐7, cleaved‐PARP, PARP, p53, p21, bax and survivin were detected using Western blot analysis. As a result, the treatment with Lobetyolin effectively induced apoptosis and glutamine metabolism in HCT‐116 cells through ASCT2 signalling. The inhibition of ASCT2 reduced the glutamine‐related biomarkers and augmented the apoptotic process. We further found that the effect of Lobetyolin on HCT‐116 was related to the expressions of p21 and bax, and transportation of p53 to nucleus. The inhibition of p53 by Pifithrin‐α promoted the inhibitory effect of Lobetyolin on ASCT2‐mediated apoptosis. Lobetyolin also exerted anti‐cancer property in nude mice. In conclusion, the present work suggested that Lobetyolin could induce the apoptosis via the inhibition of ASCT2‐mediated glutamine metabolism, which was possibly governed by p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changshu, China
| | - Weiwei Tao
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Jie
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun He
- Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changshu, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changshu, China
| | - Jiani Tan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Jiangsu Province of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Famous Doctors' Proved Recipe Evaluation and Transformation Under State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Weixing Shen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Jiangsu Province of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Famous Doctors' Proved Recipe Evaluation and Transformation Under State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Liu Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Jiangsu Province of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Famous Doctors' Proved Recipe Evaluation and Transformation Under State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Jiangsu Province of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Famous Doctors' Proved Recipe Evaluation and Transformation Under State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Haibo Cheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Jiangsu Province of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Famous Doctors' Proved Recipe Evaluation and Transformation Under State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongdong Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Jiangsu Province of Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Famous Doctors' Proved Recipe Evaluation and Transformation Under State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Amino Acid Transporters and Exchangers from the SLC1A Family: Structure, Mechanism and Roles in Physiology and Cancer. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:1268-1286. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02934-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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mTOR-Mediated Antioxidant Activation in Solid Tumor Radioresistance. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:5956867. [PMID: 31929797 PMCID: PMC6942807 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5956867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is widely used for the treatment of cancer patients, but tumor radioresistance presents serious therapy challenges. Tumor radioresistance is closely related to high levels of mTOR signaling in tumor tissues. Therefore, targeting the mTOR pathway might be a strategy to promote solid tumor sensitivity to ionizing radiation. Radioresistance is associated with enhanced antioxidant mechanisms in cancer cells. Therefore, examination of the relationship between mTOR signaling and antioxidant mechanism-linked radioresistance is required for effective radiotherapy. In particular, the effect of mTOR signaling on antioxidant glutathione induction by the Keap1-NRF2-xCT pathway is described in this review. This review is expected to assist in the identification of therapeutic adjuvants to increase the efficacy of radiotherapy.
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Zhang Z, Liu R, Shuai Y, Huang Y, Jin R, Wang X, Luo J. ASCT2 (SLC1A5)-dependent glutamine uptake is involved in the progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2019; 122:82-93. [PMID: 31819178 PMCID: PMC6964701 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0637-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glutamine is an abundant and versatile nutrient in cancer cells. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) was reported to be dependent on mainly glucose, not glutamine, for producing the energy required for survival and proliferation. Methods The roles of ASCT2 (SLC1A5) and associated glutamine metabolism were determined by the MTT, colony formation, glutamine uptake, intracellular glutathione, ROS detection, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and apoptosis enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays as well as animal studies. Results We found that glutamine is also critical for HNSCC. In this study, ASCT2, an amino acid transporter responsible for glutamine transport, in addition to LAT1 and GLS, is overexpressed in HNSCC and associated with poor survival. Using both in vivo and in vitro models, we found that knocking down ASCT2 by shRNAs or miR-137 or the combination of silencing ASCT2 and pharmacologically inhibiting SNAT2 via a small-molecule antagonist called V-9302 significantly suppressed intracellular glutamine levels and downstream glutamine metabolism, including glutathione production; these effects attenuated growth and proliferation, increased apoptosis and autophagy, and increased oxidative stress and mTORC1 pathway suppression in HNSCC. Additionally, silencing ASCT2 improved the response to cetuximab in HNSCC. Conclusions In summary, ASCT2-dependent glutamine uptake and subsequent glutamine metabolism are essential for HNSCC tumorigenesis, and the combination of glutamine uptake inhibitors and cetuximab presents a promising strategy for improving the outcomes of HNSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Zhang
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngology Oncology and Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Ruoyan Liu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yanjie Shuai
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngology Oncology and Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yuting Huang
- Cancer and Immunology, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20010, USA
| | - Rui Jin
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngology Oncology and Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngology Oncology and Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Jingtao Luo
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngology Oncology and Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.
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The Effect of Chirality on the Application of 5-[18F]Fluoro-Aminosuberic Acid ([18F]FASu) for Oxidative Stress Imaging. Mol Imaging Biol 2019; 22:873-882. [DOI: 10.1007/s11307-019-01450-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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A novel therapeutic approach for anaplastic thyroid cancer through inhibition of LAT1. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14616. [PMID: 31601917 PMCID: PMC6787004 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51144-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel therapeutic approach is urgently needed for patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) due to its fatal and rapid progress. We recently reported that ATC highly expressed MYC protein and blocking of MYC through its selective inhibitor, JQ1, decreased ATC growth and improved survival in preclinical models. One of the important roles of MYC is regulation of L-neutral amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) protein and inhibition of LAT1 would provide similar anti-tumor effect. We first identified that while the human ATC expresses LAT1 protein, it is little or not detected in non-cancerous thyroidal tissue, further supporting LAT1 as a good target. Then we evaluated the efficacy of JPH203, a LAT1 inhibitor, against ATC by using the in vitro cell-based studies and in vivo xenograft model bearing human ATC cells. JPH203 markedly inhibited proliferation of three ATC cell lines through suppression of mTOR signals and blocked cell cycle progression from the G0/G1 phase to the S phase. The tumor growth inhibition and decrease in size by JPH203 via inhibition of mTOR signaling and G0/G1 cell cycle associated proteins were further confirmed in xenograft models. These preclinical findings suggest that LAT1 inhibitors are strong candidates to control ATC, for which current treatment options are highly limited.
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Almahmoudi R, Kasanen M, Sieviläinen M, Salem A, Pirinen M, Salo T, Al-Samadi A. Prognostic value of blood and lymphatic vessel markers in tongue cancer: A systematic review. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:3424-3433. [PMID: 31495050 PMCID: PMC6824997 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) has a poor prognosis due to its early metastasis through blood and lymphatic vessels. We undertook a systematic review to investigate the prognostic significance of blood microvessel density (MVD) and lymphatic vessel density (LVD) in TSCC patients. We carried out a systematic search in Ovid Medline, Scopus, and Cochrane libraries. All studies that evaluated the prognostic significance of MVD/LVD markers in TSCC were systematically retrieved. Our results showed that MVD/LVD markers, CD31, CD34, CD105, factor VIII, lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor‐1, and D2‐40 were evaluated in TSCC patients until 28 June 2018. Six out of 13 studies reported markers that were associated with poor prognosis in TSCC. Two out of three studies suggested that a high number of D2‐40+ vessels predicated low overall survival (OS); the third study reported that the ratio of D2‐40+ over factor VIII+ vessels is associated with low OS. Most of the other markers had controversial results for prognostication. We found higher expression of MVD/LVD markers were commonly, but not always, associated with shorter survival in TSCC patients. It is therefore not currently possible to recommend implementation of these markers as reliable prognosticators in clinical practice. More studies (especially for D2‐40) with larger patient cohorts are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabeia Almahmoudi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Merimaija Kasanen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Meri Sieviläinen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Abdelhakim Salem
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti Pirinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuula Salo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Centre, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,HUS, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ahmed Al-Samadi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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